Prime Minister of Kenya The Prime Minister of Kenya was a post in the Kenyan government. The first Prime Minister of Kenya was Jomo Kenyatta who became Prime Minister in 1963. In 1964, Kenya became a Republic; the post of Prime Minister was abolished and Jomo Kenyatta assumed the position of President. Following a power-sharing agreement in February 2008, the post of Prime Minister was recreated that April. The position was again abolished by the 2010 Constitution after the 2013 elections. The last Prime Minister, Raila Odinga, was sworn in on April 17, 2008. He was Kenya's second Prime\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Kenya\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11094195\",\n \"text\": \"Minister of the Environment (Australia) The Australian Minister of the Environment is The Hon. Melissa Price MP since 28 August 2018. Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced in August 2018 that the Environment and Energy portfolios would be separated in the Cabinet reshuffle. Melissa Price was appointed as Minister of the Environment, and Angus Taylor was appointed as Minister for Energy on 28 August 2018, by the Governor-General. In the Government of Australia, the minister and assistant minister are responsible for the protection and conservation of the environment; to ensure that Australia benefits from meteorological and related sciences and services; and\",\n \"title\": \"Minister of the Environment (Australia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13521952\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister of the West Indies Federation This is a list of the Prime Ministers of the West Indies Federation (also known as the British Caribbean Federation), consisting of ten provinces: Antigua (with Barbuda), Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica (with the Cayman Islands and the Turks & Caicos Islands), Montserrat, St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and Trinidad and Tobago. The Federation was formed on 3 January 1958, and was formally dissolved on 31 May 1962. The Prime Minister was elected by the House of Representatives from among its members, constitutionally acted as an advisor to the Governor-General of the West\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of the West Indies Federation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2281564\",\n \"text\": \"Australia and provinces of Canada each have the analogous office of deputy premier. In the devolved administrations of the United Kingdom, an analogous position is that of the deputy first minister but the position in Northern Ireland has the same powers as the First Minister. A deputy prime minister traditionally serves as acting prime minister when the real prime minister is temporarily absent or incapable of exercising his/her power. The deputy prime minister is often asked to succeed to the prime minister's office following the prime minister's sudden death or unexpected resignation, but that is not necessarily mandated by the\",\n \"title\": \"Deputy prime minister\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11223119\",\n \"text\": \"Australia, notes that \\\"it is usually possible for the Prime Minister-elect to claim victory on the night of the election\\\". The media sometimes prematurely refers to someone as a Prime Minister-designate where the broader term of Prime Minister-in-waiting would be more suitable. In the United Kingdom during the 2007 Labour Party Leadership Election, Gordon Brown was referred to as the Prime Minister-designate even before the Leadership elections had confirmed him in that position. The title \\\"Premier-designate\\\" often has the same meaning in governments that use the title \\\"Premier\\\" to describe a role equivalent to a Prime Minister. In Israel between\",\n \"title\": \"Prime minister-designate\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"335661\",\n \"text\": \"Since 1974, the official residence of the prime minister is Beit Aghion, at the corner of Balfour and Smolenskin streets in Rehavia. As of March 2017, there are two living former Prime Ministers. The most recent Prime Minister to die was Shimon Peres (1977; 1984–1986; 1995–1996), who died on 28 September 2016. Benjamin Netanyahu, who served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 1999, is currently serving and is thus excluded from this list. Prime Minister of Israel The Prime Minister of Israel (, \\\"Rosh HaMemshala\\\", \\\"lit.\\\" Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: ; , \\\"Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma\\\") is the head of\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Israel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"322250\",\n \"text\": \"from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation. In parliamentary systems a prime minister may enter into office by several means. The position, power and status of prime ministers differ depending on the age of the constitution. Australia's constitution makes no mention of a Prime Minister of Australia and the office only exists by convention, based on the British model. Bangladesh's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal. The People's Republic of China constitution\",\n \"title\": \"Prime minister\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1947851\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister to direct other ministers on the costs of the Royal House, which are covered by several ministries. , there are three Prime Ministers of the Netherlands currently living, the oldest being Dries van Agt. The most recent former Prime Minister to die was Wim Kok who served 1994–2002 and died on 20 October 2018 at the age of . The Prime Minister is also Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and therefore also deals with matters affecting the other countries Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten in the Kingdom. The independent cabinets of\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of the Netherlands\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"322247\",\n \"text\": \"Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister. The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia (1945-1959), Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey (1923-2018)). See also \\\"First Minister\\\", \\\"Premier\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Prime minister\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2204827\",\n \"text\": \"does not have the majority and fails to form a coalition, the President may need to appoint a loyalist to the position of Prime Minister. For example this occurred in 1998 when the state Duma (which had most of the opposition to the President of the party) twice refused to appoint Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin and Boris Yeltsin appointed Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov, who supported the left opposition. In the mid-90s in Russia there was a term \\\"Technical Prime Minister\\\". This term refers to the Prime Minister, who is not an independent political figure, is only the nominal head of\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Russia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"334865\",\n \"text\": \"the Prime Minister. The two highest ranks, marquess and prince, were only bestowed upon highly distinguished statesmen, and were not granted to a Prime Minister after 1928. The last Prime Minister who was a peer was Baron Kijūrō Shidehara, who served as Prime Minister from October 1945 to May 1946. The peerage was abolished when the Constitution of Japan came into effect in May 1947. Certain eminent Prime Ministers have been awarded the Order of the Chrysanthemum, typically in the degree of Grand Cordon. The highest honour in the Japanese honours system, the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum,\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"323524\",\n \"text\": \"appointed as deputy prime minister. The post is considered to be the senior most in the cabinet after the prime minister and represents the government in his/her absence. Generally, deputy prime ministers have been appointed to strengthen the coalition governments. The first holder of this post was Vallabhbhai Patel, who was also the home minister in Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet. Prime Minister of India The Prime Minister of India is the leader of the executive of the Government of India. The prime minister is also the chief adviser to the President of India and head of the Council of Ministers. They\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of India\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5106790\",\n \"text\": \"the party/alliance that wins an election. The current Prime Minister of Mauritius, Pravind Jugnauth, leader of the MSM, was appointed by the President on 23 January 2017 following the resignation of coalition leader Sir Anerood Jugnauth who held the post following victory of his Alliance in the 2014 General Election. The official residence of the Prime Minister during his term in office is the Clarisse House, the Prime Minister's Office is located in Port Louis. The longest serving prime minister is Anerood Jugnauth who held the office for 18 years as Prime Minister. The current Prime Minister's portfolio includes, inter-alia,\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Mauritius\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6947702\",\n \"text\": \"when the office of First Vice-President was created, the Prime Minister was first in line. Prime Minister of Azerbaijan The Prime Minister of Azerbaijan is the head of government of Azerbaijan. The current prime minister is Novruz Mammadov. Due to the central role of the President in the political system, the activities of the executive branch (including the Prime Minister) are significantly influenced by the head of state (for example, it is the President who appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister and other members of the Government; the President may chair the meetings of the cabinet and give obligatory orders\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Azerbaijan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1769489\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister of Finland The Prime Minister of Finland (, ) is the head of the Finnish Government. The prime minister is Finland's head of government and is formally appointed by the President. Finland's first prime minister was Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, who was appointed to the post on 27 November 1917. Finland's incumbent prime minister is Juha Sipilä of the Centre Party. Under the provisions of the Constitution of Finland, the president nominates a prime minister after the parties in the parliament have negotiated the distribution of seats in the new Council of State and the government's programme. The parliament\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Finland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2204836\",\n \"text\": \"created, the term of office of the President, and therefore the term of office of the Prime Minister, was shortened to 4 years. In 2012, after amendments to the Constitution the term of the President and Prime Minister was increased to 6 years. Russian law does not specify who should become acting Prime Minister in case of his incapacity. Despite the presence of several Vice Prime Ministers, the President appoints the acting Prime Minister, and not always the acting Head of Government is his Deputy. Very often, the acting Prime Minister later proposed the State Duma as the new Prime\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Russia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20396608\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister of the Maldives Prime Minister of the Maldives was a public office in the Sultanate of the Maldives and the Republic of the Maldives. Ibrahim Dorhimeyna Kilegefan served as Prime Minister on three occasions between 1883 and 1925. Abdul Majeed Didi served as Prime Minister from 1926 to 1932. Muhammad Fareed Didi served as Prime Minister from 1932 to 1944. Mohamed Amin Didi served as Prime Minister from 1945 to 1952. After restoration of the Sultanate, Ibrahim Ali Didi served as Prime Minister from March 1954 to 1957 and Ibrahim Nasir served as Prime Minister from December 1957\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of the Maldives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2445755\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister of the Czech Republic The Chairman of the Government of the Czech Republic (Czech: \\\"Předseda vlády České republiky\\\", normally referred to in English as the Prime Minister), is the head of the Government of the Czech Republic. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, who are government ministries heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Chamber of Deputies. The current Prime Minister, Andrej Babiš, leader of the ANO 2011, was appointed by the President on 6 December 2017, and serves as 12th person in the office. The Prime Minister\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14931414\",\n \"text\": \"Minister, the National Assembly voted against the bill but provided with an understanding that two cabinet ministers who are senior members just behind the Deputy Prime Minister shall be officially known as Vice-Prime Minister but no office was created, making the position essentially an honorific title. Therefore, in case of absence, illness or sudden death of the Prime Minister, it is only the Deputy Prime Minister who can become the Acting Prime Minister until the Prime Minister resumes office or another is appointed. Vice Prime Minister of Mauritius Vice-Prime Minister of Mauritius () is an honorary title usually carried by\",\n \"title\": \"Vice Prime Minister of Mauritius\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7087054\",\n \"text\": \"the People's Democratic Republic traces its lineage back to Kaysone Phomvihane, the first Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic. The predecessor office to the Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic was the Prime Minister of the former Kingdom of Laos. There have been 7 prime ministers of the People's Democratic Republic, but there have been 17 prime ministers of Laos if the prime ministers of the Kingdom of Laos are counted. Between December 1959 to December 1960, Laos had six different Prime Ministers, who were ousted by six successive political coups. Prime Minister of Laos The Prime Minister\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Laos\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7970414\",\n \"text\": \"The Group was formerly led by the post of National Security Adviser (NSA) which was established in December 2008 by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and disbanded in 2013 by Prime Minister Tony Abbott with responsibilities transferred back to the Deputy Secretary of the National Security and International Policy Group. The inaugural NSA was Major General Duncan Lewis serving until 2011. The second and final NSA was Dr Margot McCarthy serving from 2011 to 2013. The Special Adviser to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security and their office is responsible for national leadership on cyber security policy, coordination of priorities for\",\n \"title\": \"Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1769494\",\n \"text\": \"is entitled to a 30-day leave (holiday) during each calendar year. The maintenance, staff and services of \\\"Kesäranta\\\", the official residence, is paid for by the government. The prime minister has transportation and security services at their disposal at all times. Prime Minister of Finland The Prime Minister of Finland (, ) is the head of the Finnish Government. The prime minister is Finland's head of government and is formally appointed by the President. Finland's first prime minister was Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, who was appointed to the post on 27 November 1917. Finland's incumbent prime minister is Juha Sipilä of\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Finland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4238596\",\n \"text\": \"his Facebook page. By-passing local Governments is an age-old practice in Ukraine. The First Vice-Prime Minister, also known as the First Deputy, heads the cabinet in the absence of the prime minister due to resignation or dismissal. Among the most notable First deputies were Yukhym Zvyahilsky and Mykola Azarov, who served as the acting Prime Minister for a longer period of time than anyone else. Valentyn Symonenko, Vasyl Durdynets, Oleksandr Turchynov and others also served as acting Prime Minister. Apart from the First Vice-Prime Minister, there are also several other vice-ministers who support the Prime Minister and may be in\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Ukraine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2370833\",\n \"text\": \"turn herself into a First Lady. Canada has had two prime ministers who were bachelors, William Lyon Mackenzie King and R.B. Bennett. Mackenzie Bowell, a widower whose wife, Harriet, died in 1884, was also not married during his term in office. Pierre Trudeau began his term as a bachelor, became the first Canadian prime minister to get married while in office and ended it as Canada's first divorced prime minister. Three other Canadian prime ministers—John A. Macdonald, Alexander Mackenzie, and John Diefenbaker—were widowers, who each married their second wives during their terms as prime minister. Macdonald's first wife was Isabella\",\n \"title\": \"Spouse of the Prime Minister of Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2336010\",\n \"text\": \"April 1849, when the Hungarians had won many successes, after sounding the army, Kossuth issued the celebrated Hungarian Declaration of Independence. In May Bertalan Szemere was appointed Prime Minister. The position was vacant after the defeat of the freedom fight. As of 2019, 5 former Prime Ministers of Hungary are alive. Viktor Orbán, who served as Prime Minister from 1998 to 2002, is currently serving and thus is not included on this list. Prime Minister of Hungary The Prime Minister of Hungary () is the head of government in Hungary. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Hungary\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2445757\",\n \"text\": \"provides that upon the accession to the office each Prime Minister must gain and thereafter maintain the confidence of the Parliament. As soon as the Prime Minister loses the confidence he or she is forced to resign and the President is obliged to choose a new Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the most powerful office in state, since they command and preside over the Government. The President appoints the Prime Minister who appoints other Ministers of the Cabinet of the Czech Republic. The official residence of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic is Kramář's Villa (Czech: \\\"Kramářova vila\\\").\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of the Czech Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20396609\",\n \"text\": \"to November 1968. During the Republic, there has been only one Prime Minister. Ahmed Zaki served as Prime Minister from August 1972 to March 1975. After Zaki was dismissed by Nasir, there has been no other Prime Ministers in the Maldives and the post has been abolished. Prime Minister of the Maldives Prime Minister of the Maldives was a public office in the Sultanate of the Maldives and the Republic of the Maldives. Ibrahim Dorhimeyna Kilegefan served as Prime Minister on three occasions between 1883 and 1925. Abdul Majeed Didi served as Prime Minister from 1926 to 1932. Muhammad Fareed\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of the Maldives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18141514\",\n \"text\": \"article contains a list of Prime Ministers of The Bahamas, from the establishment of the position of Chief Minister of The Bahama Islands in 1955 to the present day. The Prime Minister of the Bahamas is the head of the Government of the Bahamas. Duties of the Prime Minister include: Agencies under the prime minister include: Prime Minister of the Bahamas The Prime Minister of The Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas, currently Hubert Minnis. Minnis, as leader of the governing Free National Movement party (FNM), He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 11 May 2017,\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of the Bahamas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3032990\",\n \"text\": \"also vacant between 1999 and 2002. The post was again abolished due to the 2010 Constitution of Angola, which integrates the functions of the prime minister into the office of the president, who is not subjected to the confidence of the parliamentary majority, contrarily to the prime minister. Prime Minister of Angola According to the 1992 constitution, the Prime Minister of Angola was a high government official in Angola, but with limited powers as head of government. Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister was appointed by the President. The position was originally created when\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Angola\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2073284\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister of Jamaica The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness. Holness, as leader of the governing Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), was sworn in as Prime Minister on 3 March 2016, succeeding People's National Party (PNP) leader Portia Simpson-Miller. This was a result of the JLP's victory in Jamaica's 25 February 2016 general election. The Prime Minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor General of Jamaica, who represents Elizabeth II, the Queen of Jamaica (Jamaica's Head of State). The Prime Minister of Jamaica's official residence is Vale Royal. The property was constructed\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Jamaica\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6862725\",\n \"text\": \"Office of the Prime Minister (Canada) In Canada, the Office of the Prime Minister (more commonly referred to as the Prime Minister's Office and abbreviated as PMO), located in the Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building, facing Parliament Hill, in Ottawa, is one of the most powerful parts of the government. It is made up of the prime minister and his or her top political staff, who are charged with advising the prime minister on decisions, making the office a wholly partisan body. It should not be confused with the Privy Council Office (PCO), which is the\",\n \"title\": \"Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8161064\",\n \"text\": \"referred to as being the country's \\\"prime minister\\\". The incumbent since 19 April 2018 has been Miguel Díaz-Canel, who took over from Raúl Castro on that date. Prime Minister of Cuba The Prime Minister of Cuba () – official title: President of the Council of Ministers () – is the head of the Council of Ministers of Cuba. The office of Prime Minister was first instituted in 1940 in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of Cuba as amended in that year. The first Prime Minister of Cuba was Carlos Saladrigas Zayas (1900–1957), the nephew of former President Alfredo\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Cuba\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8897433\",\n \"text\": \"been in charge of some policy areas of their own which were not substantial enough to warrant a full-time Cabinet position, such as Bo Ringholm, who was Minister of Sport concurrently with being Deputy Prime Minister. Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden The Swedish constitution allows the Prime Minister to appoint one of the Ministers in the cabinet as Deputy Prime Minister (\\\"statsministers ställföreträdare\\\", sometimes unofficially known as \\\"vice statsminister\\\"), in case the Prime Minister for some reason is prevented from performing his or her duties. If a Deputy Prime Minister has not been appointed, the Minister in the cabinet who\",\n \"title\": \"Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3208469\",\n \"text\": \"that upon the accession to the office each Prime Minister must gain and thereafter maintain the confidence of the Parliament. As soon as the Prime Minister loses the confidence, the President is obliged to dismiss him and designate a new Prime Minister or entrust the dismissed Prime Minister to act as a caretaker with limited powers. The Prime Minister is the most powerful office in state, since he commands and presides over the Government. Although it is not the Prime Minister but the President who appoints Ministers in Cabinet, the President appoints Ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister.\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Slovakia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7087322\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister of Haiti The Prime Minister of Haiti (, ) is the head of government of Haiti. The office was created under the 1987 Constitution; previously, all executive power was held by the President or head of state, who appointed and chaired the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and ratified by the National Assembly. The Prime Minister appoints the Ministers and Secretaries of State and goes before the National Assembly to obtain a vote of confidence for his declaration of general policy. The Prime Minister enforces the laws and, along with the President,\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Haiti\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2774473\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister of Dominica The Prime Minister of Dominica is the head of government in the Commonwealth of Dominica. Nominally, the position was created on November 3, 1978 when Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom. Hitherto, the position existed de facto as Premier. According to Chapter 59 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Dominica; 1.There shall be a Prime Minister of Dominica, who shall be appointed by the President. 2.Whenever the President has occasion to appoint a Prime Minister he shall appoint an elected member of the House who appears to him likely to command the support of\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Dominica\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7336336\",\n \"text\": \"(2) (a)). The Prime Minister may be removed from office by the Legislative Assembly (Article 33 (1) (b)). Samoa is thus a parliamentary democracy based on the Westminster system. Prime Minister of Samoa The Prime Minister of Samoa is the head of government of the Independent State of Samoa, a sovereign country located in the Pacific Ocean. The first Prime Minister of Samoa was Albert Barnes Steinberger, who originally represented the American government in the Samoan Islands but was close to German commercial interests. After the indigenous authorities of the islands adopted the Constitution of 1873, Steinberger was appointed Prime\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Samoa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11094198\",\n \"text\": \"the need for a sustainable future for Australia, saying the change sends a clear message about the new direction the Government is taking. After the 2010 federal election, the portfolio was subsumed by the \\\"Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities\\\" portfolio. The following individual has served as the Minister for Cities and the Built Environment. The following individual has served as the Assistant Minister for the Environment. Minister of the Environment (Australia) The Australian Minister of the Environment is The Hon. Melissa Price MP since 28 August 2018. Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced in August 2018 that the Environment and\",\n \"title\": \"Minister of the Environment (Australia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"335658\",\n \"text\": \"most seats, it was the Likud leader Benjamin Netanyahu who was given the task of forming a government. He was able to do so, thus beginning his second term as Prime Minister of Israel. In the 2013 election, the Likud Yisrael Beiteinu alliance emerged as the largest faction. After forming a coalition, Netanyahu secured his third prime ministership. If the prime minister dies in office, the cabinet chooses an interim prime minister, to run the government until a new government is placed in power. Yigal Allon served as interim prime minister following Levi Eshkol's death, as did Shimon Peres following\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Israel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"322430\",\n \"text\": \"The Lodge as their primary residence because of its security facilities and close proximity to Parliament House. There have been some exceptions, however. James Scullin preferred to live at the Hotel Canberra (now the Hyatt Hotel) and Ben Chifley lived in the Hotel Kurrajong. More recently, John Howard used the Sydney Prime Ministerial residence, Kirribilli House, as his primary accommodation. On her appointment on 24 June 2010, Julia Gillard said she would not be living in The Lodge until such time as she was returned to office by popular vote at the next general election, as she became Prime Minister\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Australia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18237958\",\n \"text\": \"widow, and two widower Prime Ministers. Spouse of the Prime Minister of India The Spouse of the Prime Minister of India is the wife or husband of the Prime Minister of India. The term \\\"First Spouse\\\" is used to refer to either the spouse of the Prime Minister or the President. The Prime Minister's spouse does not have an officially defined role. According to protocol, they attend social functions and gatherings at home and overseas, but have no participatory role. To date there have been 10 women who have been married to Prime Ministers whilst in office. India has also\",\n \"title\": \"Spouse of the Prime Minister of India\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5527666\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia The Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia () is the second highest political office in Malaysia. There have been twelve deputy prime ministers since the office was created in 1957. The first Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman, started the convention of appointing a Deputy Prime Minister. The current Deputy Prime Minister is Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, who took office on 10 May 2018, she is the first female to hold office. Although Malaysia has always had a Deputy Prime Minister since independence, a Prime Minister may choose not to appoint a Deputy Prime Minister.\",\n \"title\": \"Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17758757\",\n \"text\": \"with separate departments for Cabinet and for the Prime Minister, that had been operating since 1968, was inefficient. Information about the department's functions and/or government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements and in the department's annual reports. In 1912, the department's functions were outlined in an Administrative Arrangements Order as: The department was an Commonwealth Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Prime Minister of Australia. Prime Minister's Department (Australia) The Prime Minister's Department was an Australian government department that existed between July 1911 and March 1971.\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister's Department (Australia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17597367\",\n \"text\": \"the list of Secretaries, since the first appointment was made on 1 January 1912. Within days of John Gorton becoming Prime Minister, the functions of the Prime Minister's Department was split and a Department of the Cabinet Office was established. On taking office as Prime Minister in 1971, William McMahon reversed Gorton's changes and restored earlier changes via the creation of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. A lesser role of Secretary to the Department of the Vice-President of the Executive Council was established for a short time; abolished in the early days of the Whitlam government. Upon\",\n \"title\": \"Secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["robert menzies"],"string":"[\n \"robert menzies\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1780,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what hemisphere south america?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"361978","text":"called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), which operates in several cities, has also been developed. South America South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It may also be considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is how it is viewed in the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of the Americas. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil). It is bordered","title":"South America"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361978\",\n \"text\": \"called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), which operates in several cities, has also been developed. South America South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It may also be considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is how it is viewed in the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of the Americas. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil). It is bordered\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3184170","text":"82% of humans live in the Eastern Hemisphere, and 18% in the Western Hemisphere. Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, UK) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pole). It is also used to refer to Afro-Eurasia (Africa and Eurasia) and Australia, in contrast with the Western Hemisphere, which includes mainly North and South America. The Eastern Hemisphere may also be called the \"Oriental Hemisphere\". In addition, it may be used","title":"Eastern Hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"3184166","text":"Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, UK) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pole). It is also used to refer to Afro-Eurasia (Africa and Eurasia) and Australia, in contrast with the Western Hemisphere, which includes mainly North and South America. The Eastern Hemisphere may also be called the \"Oriental Hemisphere\". In addition, it may be used in a cultural or geopolitical sense as a synonym for the \"Old World\". The","title":"Eastern Hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"8456986","text":"U.S. Department of State names the following jurisdictions: The following jurisdictions in the Western Hemisphere (and all of South America) are not specifically named by the Department of State: Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) is a United States legal framework from 2007 that requires all travelers to show a valid passport or other approved secure document when traveling to the U.S. from areas within the Western Hemisphere. The purpose, according to the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Department of Homeland Security, is to strengthen border security and facilitate entry into the United States for","title":"Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative"},{"psg_id":"9213834","text":"Caribbean, Central, and South America, in celebration of his 50th birthday. Accompanying him were his wife, son, youngest daughter, and some hired pilots to lighten the workload. Despite numerous efforts at obtaining the requisite clearances and permissions, the Hemisphere Dancer was only allowed to make a water landing once during the month-long odyssey. This action is chronicled in Buffett's autobiographical travelogue \"A Pirate Looks at 50\", which was an immediate #1 best seller on the New York Times best seller list. Since publication of \"A Pirate Looks at 50\", the Hemisphere Dancer has become an icon of Parrothead culture, being","title":"Hemisphere Dancer"},{"psg_id":"15416761","text":"different approaches. It appears as though individuals with right hemisphere damage maintain their real world knowledge and their mental scripts of what the world is like and what to expect from common scenarios, they just can’t translate it when they see it. Despite this, right hemisphere damage can lead to deficits in discourse abilities, including difficulty with interpretation of abstract language, making inferences, and understanding nonverbal cues. In particular, individuals with right hemisphere damage struggle with the skilled use of context to interpret and express ideas. A study of five participants with right hemisphere damage found that participants’ ability to","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"280042","text":"The islands of the West Indies delineate a submerged former land bridge, which had connected North and South America via what are now Florida and Venezuela. There are numerous islands off the continent's coasts; principally, the Arctic Archipelago, the Bahamas, Turks & Caicos, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Aleutian Islands (some of which are in the Eastern Hemisphere proper), the Alexander Archipelago, the many thousand islands of the British Columbia Coast, and Newfoundland. Greenland, a self-governing Danish island, and the world's largest, is on the same tectonic plate (the North American Plate) and is part of North America geographically.","title":"North America"},{"psg_id":"18173068","text":"Southern celestial hemisphere The southern celestial hemisphere, also called the Southern Sky, is the southern half of the celestial sphere; that is, it lies south of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere, on which seemingly fixed stars form constellations, appears to rotate westward around a polar axis due to Earth's rotation. At any given time, the entire Southern Sky is visible from the geographic South Pole, while less of this hemisphere is visible the further north the observer is located. The northern counterpart is the northern celestial hemisphere. In the context of astronomical discussions or writing about celestial mapping, it","title":"Southern celestial hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"7170886","text":"What America Needs What America Needs: From Sea to Shining Sea is a 2003 documentary film movie filmed by Mark Wojahn. It is a sequel to the award winning 1995 film , which was produced in conjunction with the progressive film co-op, the New Kinomatagraphic Union. In October 2002, filmmaker Mark Wojahn traveled from New York City to Los Angeles, California via an Amtrak train. He stopped in ten cities along the way and asked over 500 individuals the question \"What do you think America needs?\". The individuals asked were of different race, age, gender, background, religion, and social class.","title":"What America Needs"},{"psg_id":"18251325","text":"Northern celestial hemisphere The northern celestial hemisphere, also called the Northern Sky, is the northern half of the celestial sphere; that is, it lies north of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere appears to rotate westward around a polar axis due to Earth's rotation. At any given time, the entire Northern Sky is visible from the geographic North Pole, while less of this hemisphere is visible the further south the observer is located. The southern counterpart is the southern celestial hemisphere. In the context of astronomical discussions or writing about celestial cartography, this celestial hemisphere may also simply then be","title":"Northern celestial hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"4678147","text":"summer. Western Hemisphere Warm Pool The Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP) is a region of sea surface temperatures (SST) warmer than 28.5°C that develops west of Central America in the spring, then expands to the tropical waters to the east. The WHWP includes the tropical Atlantic Ocean (TNA) east of the Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and eastern north Pacific Ocean (ENP). A WHWP heating cycle begins with warmth in the eastern North Pacific in the spring. A dipole pattern off Central America appears due to surges of cooler, drier air through the gap at the Isthmus of","title":"Western Hemisphere Warm Pool"},{"psg_id":"4678144","text":"Western Hemisphere Warm Pool The Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP) is a region of sea surface temperatures (SST) warmer than 28.5°C that develops west of Central America in the spring, then expands to the tropical waters to the east. The WHWP includes the tropical Atlantic Ocean (TNA) east of the Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and eastern north Pacific Ocean (ENP). A WHWP heating cycle begins with warmth in the eastern North Pacific in the spring. A dipole pattern off Central America appears due to surges of cooler, drier air through the gap at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.","title":"Western Hemisphere Warm Pool"},{"psg_id":"15416768","text":"their minds compared to what is actually occurring in the outside world. For example, one patient who had right hemisphere damage was in a wheelchair and kept putting his left hand in the spokes. When the nurse asked him to stop, he looked down and said, “that’s not my hand.” Since the right hemisphere controls motor functioning for the left side of the body, the patient did not recognize the actions of his own hand and made up a story to explain what was going on. This often occurs because what is actually happening to them is deeply disturbing so","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"17096314","text":"What America Thinks What America Thinks is a syndicated American television show. It was hosted by opinion pollster and political commentator Scott Rasmussen from 2012 to 2013, and is currently hosted by Alex Boyer. WCBS-TV is the anchor station. The program, which is syndicated on over 120 stations, is produced by Telco Productions and Rasmussen Reports. The program features discussions of current events and public opinion with a guest panel. Guests have included Scott Walker, Howard Dean, and Rand Paul. An episode of the show, titled \"What New Hampshire Thinks\", won a 2012 Granite Mike Award from the New Hampshire","title":"What America Thinks"},{"psg_id":"18173071","text":"Toliman (α Centauri), 4.2 light-years away, are also located in the Southern Sky, having declinations around –60° – too close to the south celestial pole that neither are visible from Central Europe. Southern celestial hemisphere The southern celestial hemisphere, also called the Southern Sky, is the southern half of the celestial sphere; that is, it lies south of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere, on which seemingly fixed stars form constellations, appears to rotate westward around a polar axis due to Earth's rotation. At any given time, the entire Southern Sky is visible from the geographic South Pole, while less","title":"Southern celestial hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"13558387","text":"continent. In naval warfare, early South Americans did not build ships on a size comparable with those on other continents. Politically, state formation also came relatively late to South America, affecting the ability of South America to generate large armies early on in its history. The northern edge of the continent saw military events dominated by a struggle between two ethnic groups. The first, the Arawak, lived along the eastern coast of South America, as far south as what is now Brazil, and up into Guyana. When first encountered by Christopher Columbus, the Arawak were described as a peaceful people,","title":"Military history of South America"},{"psg_id":"17479578","text":"assistance from the United States in exchange for military bases and participation in the defense of the Western Hemisphere. The United Kingdom and other European nations, including their colonies, logically received the majority of the aid, because the chaos of war was much closer to them. Latin America, however, received approximately $400 million in war materials, which was a small fraction compared of what was distributed to the European nations. Out of all of the Latin American nations, Brazil benefited the most from Lend-Lease during the war, mainly because of its geographical position at the northeastern corner of South America,","title":"Latin America during World War II"},{"psg_id":"15416750","text":"on the theme of a story. Nespoulous, Code, Virbel and Lecours studied speech of those with different kinds of aphasias and coined a term for the speech patterns of those with right hemisphere damage. According to them, these patients engage in “modalizing” speech which is made up speech about the patient’s perspective on the real world. They found that those with right hemisphere damage contrast those with Wernicke’s Aphasia as those patients use referential speech which Nespoulous et al. identify as speech pertaining to the real world and what is occurring in it. With referential speech, the patients describe what","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"15416746","text":"process has suggested that they do not pick up relevant cues and have difficulty incorporating the small details they do notice together to form a big picture. When actually describing the paintings, patients either give the experimenter too much description of what is happening, without addressing the overall theme of the piece, or provide them with a very basic one sentence “description” about what they see. After analyzing and comparing the descriptions of participants with no brain damage and those with right hemisphere damage, the researchers found that those with right hemisphere damage used twice as many words than those","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"15416767","text":"once they are released from the hospital. The lack of proper treatment could lead to higher levels of dependency later on. In order to make functional recovery gains, right hemisphere stroke survivors should receive rehabilitation services, so patients with anosognosia should be encouraged to seek out additional treatment. However, due to the anosognosia, these patients often report a higher perceived quality of life than other right hemisphere stroke survivors because of the unawareness of the resulting deficits (Daia et al., 2014). Those with right hemisphere damage may confabulate, or make up stories to help explain what is going on in","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"15416745","text":"further evidence of this phenomenon, there has been research done with right hemisphere damaged patients using Norman Rockwell pieces. In these experiments, participants are shown a painting, without the title attached, and are asked to describe what is happening in the scene. As can be expected, there are variances between the answers of people with right hemisphere damage and no brain damage. These experiments have provided further evidence for the idea that individuals with right hemisphere damage have a hard time recognizing emotions of others as they do not mention them when asked to describe the paintings. In addition, this","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"7170887","text":"The film documents many mixed emotions of disappointment and despair as well as strong messages of hope. The film primarily highlights diversity in viewpoints on social issues throughout the United States. In 2009 Wojahn won the McKnight Film Fellowship award. In October 2010, Wojahn debuted his film \"Trampoline\" in San Francisco. The documentary follows a Minneapolis family for one year as their \"anything but normal\" family struggles with marital issues and drug and alcohol addiction. www.trampolinethemovie.com What America Needs What America Needs: From Sea to Shining Sea is a 2003 documentary film movie filmed by Mark Wojahn. It is a","title":"What America Needs"},{"psg_id":"17096315","text":"Association of Broadcasters. In June 2013, 60 additional stations signed up to air the show beginning on July 21, 2013, bringing the total number of stations airing the show to over 120. The following is a list of the show's episodes: What America Thinks What America Thinks is a syndicated American television show. It was hosted by opinion pollster and political commentator Scott Rasmussen from 2012 to 2013, and is currently hosted by Alex Boyer. WCBS-TV is the anchor station. The program, which is syndicated on over 120 stations, is produced by Telco Productions and Rasmussen Reports. The program features","title":"What America Thinks"},{"psg_id":"9952028","text":"River. USS South America (1861) USS \"South America\" (1861) was a whaler purchased by the Union Navy on 9 November 1861 at New London, Connecticut. She was acquired to be sunk as an obstruction in the channel leading to a Confederate port as part of the Union blockade on ports and waterways of the Confederate States of America. However, instead of duty in what was known as the \"stone fleet\", the 606-ton bark was beached with and on 8 December 1861 to serve as a wharf during the landing of troops at Tybee Island, Georgia, at the mouth of the","title":"USS South America (1861)"},{"psg_id":"9952027","text":"USS South America (1861) USS \"South America\" (1861) was a whaler purchased by the Union Navy on 9 November 1861 at New London, Connecticut. She was acquired to be sunk as an obstruction in the channel leading to a Confederate port as part of the Union blockade on ports and waterways of the Confederate States of America. However, instead of duty in what was known as the \"stone fleet\", the 606-ton bark was beached with and on 8 December 1861 to serve as a wharf during the landing of troops at Tybee Island, Georgia, at the mouth of the Savannah","title":"USS South America (1861)"},{"psg_id":"9974875","text":"Spanish missions in South America The Spanish missions in South America comprise a series of Jesuit Catholic religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics in order to spread the Christian doctrine among the local natives. Missions in the \"Banda Oriental\" in southern Brazil. The \"Banda Oriental\" was finally divided by the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777 between Spanish and Portuguese domains, the western portion becoming part of what is today state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the eastern portion becoming part of what is today Uruguay. (Note: The above are Portuguese translations of the original names) There were also","title":"Spanish missions in South America"},{"psg_id":"13444324","text":"2009 flu pandemic in South America The 2009 flu pandemic in South America was part of a global epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, causing what has been commonly called swine flu. As of 9 June 2009, the virus had afflicted at least 2,000 people in South America, with at least 4 confirmed deaths. On 3 May 2009, the first case of the flu in South America was confirmed in a Colombian man who recently travelled from Mexico – since then, it has spread throughout the continent. By far, the most affected country","title":"2009 flu pandemic in South America"},{"psg_id":"20656147","text":"What Made America Famous? \"What Made America Famous?\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his 1974 album, Verities & Balderdash. It has also been included on numerous posthumous compilation albums. The song inspired Chapin to write the award nominated Broadway musical, The Night That Made America Famous. The song shows a man, his girlfriend, and kids living in a rundown home. Eventually, a house fire starts, and they need rescue. It is continually asked in the song if anybody cares. It ends with the firefighters waiting to respond to \"let them sweat","title":"What Made America Famous?"},{"psg_id":"8553477","text":"Geography of North America North America is the third largest continent, and is also a portion of the second largest supercontinent if North and South America are combined into the Americas and Africa, Europe, and Asia are considered to be part of one supercontinent called Afro-Eurasia. With an estimated population of 460 million and an area of 24,346,000 km² (9,400,000 mi²), the northernmost of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west; the Atlantic Ocean on the east; the Caribbean Sea, Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and South America on the south; and","title":"Geography of North America"},{"psg_id":"280040","text":"changing its name to the United Provinces of Central America. Over three decades of work on the Panama Canal led to the connection of Atlantic and Pacific waters in 1913, physically making North America a separate continent. North America occupies the northern portion of the landmass generally referred to as the New World, the Western Hemisphere, the Americas, or simply America (which, less commonly, is considered by some as a single continent with North America a subcontinent). North America's only land connection to South America is at the Isthmus of Panama. The continent is delimited on the southeast by most","title":"North America"},{"psg_id":"280022","text":"feminine form \"America\", following the examples of \"Europa\", \"Asia\" and \"Africa\". Later, other mapmakers extended the name \"America\" to the northern continent, In 1538, Gerard Mercator used \"America\" on his map of the world for all the Western Hemisphere. Some argue that the convention is to use the surname for naming discoveries except in the case of royalty and so a derivation from \"Amerigo Vespucci\" could be problematic. Ricardo Palma (1949) proposed a derivation from the \"Amerrique\" mountains of Central America—Vespucci was the first to discover South America and the \"Amerrique\" mountains of Central America, which connected his discoveries to","title":"North America"},{"psg_id":"19879591","text":"world champion (providing it represents a WH&O nation), the prior year North American and Orient champions (providing each represents a Western Hemisphere and Orient nation) and the current year South American champion are entitled to compete. Snipe Western Hemisphere & Orient Championship The Snipe Western Hemisphere & Orient Championship is an international sailing regatta in the Snipe class. The fleet of winning skipper is awarded the Hayward Western Hemisphere Trophy, donated by Commodore John T. Hayward, of Tulsa, Oklahoma. 3 races shall constitute a regatta. It is sailed every two years (even years), on alternate years with the World Championship,","title":"Snipe Western Hemisphere & Orient Championship"},{"psg_id":"815052","text":"Western Hemisphere: Western Hemisphere The Western Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of Earth which lies west of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the antimeridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. The Western Hemisphere consists of the Americas, the western portions of Eurasia and Africa, the extreme eastern tip of Siberia (Russia), numerous territories in Oceania, and a portion of Antarctica, while excluding some of the Aleutian Islands to the southwest of the Alaskan mainland. In an attempt to define the Western Hemisphere as the parts of the world","title":"Western Hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"9855089","text":"Puruhá, the Cañari, and the Saraguro. Indigenous population in Peru make up around 34%. Native Peruvian traditions and customs have shaped the way Peruvians live and see themselves today. Cultural citizenship—or what Renato Rosaldo has called, \"the right to be different and to belong, in a democratic, participatory sense\" (1996:243)—is not yet very well developed in Peru. This is perhaps no more apparent than in the country's Amazonian regions where indigenous societies continue to struggle against state-sponsored economic abuses, cultural discrimination, and pervasive violence. Demographics of South America South America has an estimated population of 418,7 million (as of 2017)","title":"Demographics of South America"},{"psg_id":"13558398","text":"variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, including large parts of modern Ecuador, Peru, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and north-central Chile, and southern Colombia. The Inca approach to warfare was well organised and disciplined, building on the Andean military societies before it. It represented a major step forward in military organisation in South America. The Incan empire expanded into what later became Ecuador during the reign of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, who began the northward conquest in 1463. He gave his","title":"Military history of South America"},{"psg_id":"20656148","text":"a little\", and the plumber ends up saving everyone in the home. They spend the night in the plumber's home and realize that heroes are people who you'd never suspect, or ever know. The song was inspired when Chapin himself lived in Point Lookout in Long Island during the 1960s. There was a suspicious fire in a low-income residence. Although it is unknown how the actual firefighters responded, he imagined that they responded like in the song. What Made America Famous? \"What Made America Famous?\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his","title":"What Made America Famous?"},{"psg_id":"361891","text":"floor(/1e6) million. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). Brazil is by far the most populous South American country, with more than half of the continent's population, followed by Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela and Peru. In recent decades Brazil has also concentrated half of the region's GDP and has become a first regional power. Most of the population lives near the continent's western or eastern coasts while the interior and the far south are sparsely populated. The geography of western South America is dominated by","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"815049","text":"Western Hemisphere The Western Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of Earth which lies west of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the antimeridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. The Western Hemisphere consists of the Americas, the western portions of Eurasia and Africa, the extreme eastern tip of Siberia (Russia), numerous territories in Oceania, and a portion of Antarctica, while excluding some of the Aleutian Islands to the southwest of the Alaskan mainland. In an attempt to define the Western Hemisphere as the parts of the world which are","title":"Western Hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"361893","text":"the Darién watershed along the Colombia–Panama border, although some may consider the border instead to be the Panama Canal. Geopolitically and geographically all of Panama – including the segment east of the Panama Canal in the isthmus – is typically included in North America alone and among the countries of Central America. Almost all of mainland South America sits on the South American Plate. South America is home to the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall, Angel Falls in Venezuela; the highest single drop waterfall Kaieteur Falls in Guyana; the largest river (by volume), the Amazon River; the longest mountain range, the","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"9974876","text":"7 Spanish Missions (out of 30 or so in Viceroyalty of Peru east of the Andes) constructed along tributaries in the Upper Solimoes area of what later became State of Amazonas, Brazil, between 1686 and 1689 by Jesuit Padre Samuel Fritz among the Omagua indigenous peoples. Some of these were moved upstream into Peru due to pressure from the \"Bandeirantes\" slave raiders; the rest were destroyed by Portuguese forces between 1700 and 1711. Spanish missions in the lower Amazon: Spanish missions in South America The Spanish missions in South America comprise a series of Jesuit Catholic religious outposts established by","title":"Spanish missions in South America"},{"psg_id":"3184168","text":"time concepts of Canadian railroad engineer Sir Sandford Fleming were adopted. The Hemispheres agreed do not correspond with exact continents. Portions of Western Europe, West Africa, Oceania, and extreme northeastern Russia are in the Western Hemisphere, divorcing it from the continents which form the touchstone for most geopolitical constructs of \"the East\" and \"the West\". Consequently, the meridians of 20°W and the diametrically opposed 160°E are often used outside of matters of physics and navigation, which includes all of the European and African mainlands, but also includes a small portion of northeast Greenland (typically reckoned as part of North America)","title":"Eastern Hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"361970","text":"Copa América). Also, in South America, a multi-sport event, the South American Games, are held every four years. The first edition was held in La Paz in 1978 and the most recent took place in Santiago in 2014. South American Cricket Championship is an international limited-overs cricket tournament played since 1995 featuring national teams from South America and certain other invited sides including teams from North America, currently played annually but until 2013 was usually played every two seasons. Due to the diversity of topography and pluviometric precipitation conditions, the region's water resources vary enormously in different areas. In the","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"5060627","text":"to Aperam South America. Aperam South America Aperam South America, old Acesita and ArcelorMittal Timóteo, is a biggest Brazilian manufacturer of specialty steels. Headquartered in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, the company is a supplier of stainless, silicon and special carbon steels. Aperam South America's steel market share in Brazil is estimated to be 90%, and it is the only stainless steel maker in Latin America. The company's main plant, at Timóteo in Minas Gerais, has an installed production capacity is 900,000 tons of steel per year. The company also mines iron ore. Aperam South America, then known Acesita, was founded","title":"Aperam South America"},{"psg_id":"361958","text":"the G8+5 (the most powerful and influential nations in the world). In the tourism sector, a series of negotiations began in 2005 to promote tourism and increase air connections within the region. Punta del Este, Florianópolis and Mar del Plata are among the most important resorts in South America. The most industrialized countries in South America are Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela and Uruguay respectively. These countries alone account for more than 75 percent of the region's economy and add up to a GDP of more than US$3.0 trillion. Industries in South America began to take on the economies of","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"361904","text":"Bridge (now the Bering Strait) at least 15,000 years ago from the territory that is present-day Russia. They migrated south through North America, and eventually reached South America through the Isthmus of Panama. The first evidence for the existence of the human race in South America dates back to about 9000 BC, when squashes, chili peppers and beans began to be cultivated for food in the highlands of the Amazon Basin. Pottery evidence further suggests that manioc, which remains a staple food today, was being cultivated as early as 2000 BC. By 2000 BC, many agrarian communities had been settled","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"361903","text":"of Brazil and a coastal current that flows to the northwest towards the Antilles, where there it moves towards northeast course thus forming the most Important and famous ocean current in the world, the Gulf Stream. South America is believed to have been joined with Africa from the late Paleozoic Era to the early Mesozoic Era, until the supercontinent Pangaea began to rift and break apart about 225 million years ago. Therefore, South America and Africa share similar fossils and rock layers. South America is thought to have been first inhabited by humans when people were crossing the Bering Land","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"9697876","text":"United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights and Global Women's Issues The Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights and Global Women's Issues is one of seven subcommittees of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. This subcommittee deals with all matters concerning U.S. relations with the countries of the Western Hemisphere, including Canada, Mexico, Central and South America, Cuba, and the other countries in the Caribbean, as well as the Organization of American States. This subcommittee’s regional responsibilities include all matters within the geographic region,","title":"United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights and Global Women's Issues"},{"psg_id":"15416771","text":"However, not all individuals with right hemisphere brain damage have problems in language or communication and some may have no discernible symptoms. Indeed, about half of patients with right hemisphere damage have intact communication abilities (Brookshire, 2007). Right hemisphere brain damage Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) is the result of injury to the right brain hemisphere. The right hemisphere of the brain coordinates tasks for functional communication, which include problem solving, memory, and reasoning. Deficits caused by right hemisphere brain damage vary depending on the location of the damage. Individuals with right hemisphere damage exhibit deficits in visual processing. It","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"7872565","text":"Geography of South America The geography of South America contains many diverse regions and climates. Geographically, South America is generally considered a continent forming the southern portion of the landmass of the Americas, south and east of the Panama–Colombia border by most authorities, or south and east of the Panama Canal by some. South and North America are sometimes considered a single continent or supercontinent, while constituent regions are infrequently considered subcontinents. South America became attached to North America only recently (geologically speaking) with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama some 3 million years ago, which resulted in the","title":"Geography of South America"},{"psg_id":"5060625","text":"Aperam South America Aperam South America, old Acesita and ArcelorMittal Timóteo, is a biggest Brazilian manufacturer of specialty steels. Headquartered in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, the company is a supplier of stainless, silicon and special carbon steels. Aperam South America's steel market share in Brazil is estimated to be 90%, and it is the only stainless steel maker in Latin America. The company's main plant, at Timóteo in Minas Gerais, has an installed production capacity is 900,000 tons of steel per year. The company also mines iron ore. Aperam South America, then known Acesita, was founded October 31, 1944, among","title":"Aperam South America"},{"psg_id":"15242175","text":"the station played a diplomatic role in South America in the early nineteenth century as the British diplomatic service was limited to having a representative in Brazil. South America Station The South America Station was a formation of the British Royal Navy which existed from 1808 to 1838 when it was split into the Pacific Station and the South East Coast of America Station. Following the invasion of Portugal by Napoleon, the Portuguese court escaped to Brazil with an escort of the Royal Navy under the command of Admiral Sidney Smith. Following the establishment of the Portuguese Court in Rio","title":"South America Station"},{"psg_id":"15242174","text":"South America Station The South America Station was a formation of the British Royal Navy which existed from 1808 to 1838 when it was split into the Pacific Station and the South East Coast of America Station. Following the invasion of Portugal by Napoleon, the Portuguese court escaped to Brazil with an escort of the Royal Navy under the command of Admiral Sidney Smith. Following the establishment of the Portuguese Court in Rio de Janeiro in early 1808, was shortly followed by the reinforcement of Smith's escort and the establishment of the Brazil or South America Station. The commanders of","title":"South America Station"},{"psg_id":"619082","text":"a landmass called Gondwana, as part of the supercontinent Pangaea. In the Albian, around 110 mya, South America and Africa began to diverge along the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, giving rise to a landmass of Antarctica and South America. During the late Eocene, around 35 mya, Antarctica and South America separated and South America became a massive, biologically rich island-continent. During approximately 30 million years, the biodiversity of South America was isolated from the rest of the world, leading to the evolution of species within the continent. In the last million years since the Late Miocene, South America became connected with","title":"History of South America"},{"psg_id":"13444350","text":"of the virus AH1N1 in the country are divided into the following Federal Entities: 17 Miranda, Anzoategui 10; Táchira 4 Aragua 4; Mérida 2; Vargas 2; Bolivar 2; Zulia 1; Carabobo 1 and Nueva Esparta 1. On 18 July, the first death by the virus was confirmed. 2009 flu pandemic in South America The 2009 flu pandemic in South America was part of a global epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, causing what has been commonly called swine flu. As of 9 June 2009, the virus had afflicted at least 2,000 people in","title":"2009 flu pandemic in South America"},{"psg_id":"619105","text":"South America, from present-day Guayana to as far south as what is now Brazil. Explorer Christopher Columbus described them at first encounter as a peaceful people, although the Arawak had already dominated other local groups such as the Ciboney. The Arawak had, however, come under increasing military pressure from the Carib, who are believed to have left the Orinoco river area to settle on islands and the coast of the Caribbean Sea. Over the century leading up to Columbus' arrival in the Caribbean archipelago in 1492, the Carib are believed to have displaced many of the Arawak who previously settled","title":"History of South America"},{"psg_id":"361898","text":"the United Kingdom, whose sovereignty over the islands is disputed by Argentina. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands may be associated with either South America or Antarctica. The distribution of the average temperatures in the region presents a constant regularity from the 30° of latitude south, when the isotherms tend, more and more, to be confused with the degrees of latitude. In temperate latitudes, winters are milder and summers warmer than in North America. Because its most extensive part of the continent is in the equatorial zone, the region has more areas of equatorial plains than any other region.","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"15416763","text":"and men are more likely to be right hemisphere dominant. Because of this, women recover faster from left hemisphere damage, and men are more likely to recover faster from right hemisphere damage. Men who have suffered a right hemisphere stroke also have significantly better rehabilitation outcomes than men who suffer a left hemisphere stroke. Recovery of functional abilities is often greater in male stroke survivors than females, especially in the area of activities of daily living. Left neglect is common in patients recovering from right hemisphere damage as the right hemisphere controls the left half of the body. The presence","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"15416733","text":"Right hemisphere brain damage Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) is the result of injury to the right brain hemisphere. The right hemisphere of the brain coordinates tasks for functional communication, which include problem solving, memory, and reasoning. Deficits caused by right hemisphere brain damage vary depending on the location of the damage. Individuals with right hemisphere damage exhibit deficits in visual processing. It appears as though they are only able to recognize the parts of a picture, symbol, etc. rather than seeing the image as a whole. This was shown during an experiment when patients with right hemisphere damage had","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"361948","text":"were an important part of colonial life in Latin America. Both Buenos Aires, Argentina and São Paulo, Brazil figure among the largest Jewish populations by urban area. Japanese Buddhism, Shintoism, and Shinto-derived Japanese New Religions are common in Brazil and Peru. Korean Confucianism is especially found in Brazil while Chinese Buddhism and Chinese Confucianism have spread throughout the continent. Kardecist Spiritism can be found in several countries. Part of Religions in South America (2013): Genetic admixture occurs at very high levels in South America. In Argentina, the European influence accounts for 65–79% of the genetic background, Amerindian for 17–31% and","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"361890","text":"the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It includes twelve sovereign states (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela), a part of France (French Guiana), and a non-sovereign area (the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory though this is disputed by Argentina). In addition to this, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Trinidad and Tobago, and Panama may also be considered part of South America. South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population has been estimated at more than","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"815050","text":"not part of the Old World, there also exist projections which use the 20th meridian west and the diametrically opposed 160th meridian east to define the hemisphere. This projection excludes the European and African mainlands and a small portion of northeast Greenland, but includes more of eastern Russia and Oceania. The center of the Western Hemisphere is located in the Pacific Ocean at the intersection of the 90th meridian west and the Equator, among the Galápagos Islands. The nearest land is Genovesa Island at . The highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere is Aconcagua in the Andes of Argentina at","title":"Western Hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"3184169","text":"and excludes more of eastern Russia and Oceania (e.g., New Zealand). Prior to the global adoption of standard time, numerous prime meridians were decreed by various countries where time was defined by local noon (thereby, local meridian). The center of the Eastern Hemisphere is located in the Indian Ocean at the intersection of the equator and the 90th meridian east, 910 km west of Indonesia in the Ninety East Ridge. The nearest land is Simeulue Island at . The land mass of the Eastern Hemisphere is larger than that of the Western Hemisphere and has a wide variety of habitats.","title":"Eastern Hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"2427124","text":"partitioned: information from each side of the body is sent to the opposite hemisphere (visual information is partitioned somewhat differently, but still lateralized). Similarly, motor control signals sent out to the body also come from the hemisphere on the opposite side. Thus, hand preference (which hand someone prefers to use) is also related to hemisphere lateralization. In some aspects, the hemispheres are asymmetrical; the right side is slightly bigger. There are higher levels of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine on the right and higher levels of dopamine on the left. There is more white matter (longer axons) on the right and more","title":"Cerebral hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"18172842","text":"FG Hemisphere FG Capital Management, Ltd. is an American investment management firm based in New York City that focuses on equity investments and debt restructuring in emerging markets. As part of its management of distressed assets, FG Capital investigates and exposes financial fraud by engaging politicians, governments, and international organizations to combat corruption. FG Hemisphere Associates is a \"special-purpose vehicle\", managed by FG Capital, which purchases sovereign debt claims where countries rich in natural resources have too little revenue from these resources ending up in the national treasury. FG Hemisphere stated that \"these countries were suffering from lack of proper","title":"FG Hemisphere"},{"psg_id":"17528524","text":"one by Representative Adam Schiff who had called for a \"look at changing the telephone metadata program by having phone companies retain their own data, rather of the government.\" Spokespeople for Sprint, Verizon and T-mobile USA would not comment on whether their companies offered similar services. Hemisphere Project The Hemisphere Project, also called simply Hemisphere, is a mass surveillance program conducted by US telephone company AT&T and paid for by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and the Drug Enforcement Administration. AT&T employees work alongside the DEA and local law enforcement agencies at High Intensity Drug Trafficking","title":"Hemisphere Project"},{"psg_id":"17528521","text":"Hemisphere Project The Hemisphere Project, also called simply Hemisphere, is a mass surveillance program conducted by US telephone company AT&T and paid for by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and the Drug Enforcement Administration. AT&T employees work alongside the DEA and local law enforcement agencies at High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area offices in Los Angeles, Atlanta, Dallas and Houston, where they supply officials with metadata from a database of telephone calls dating back to 1987. The information is handed over in response to subpoenas, rather than search warrants. The DEA has the power to issue \"administrative","title":"Hemisphere Project"},{"psg_id":"4177897","text":"Economy of South America The economy of South America comprises approximately 410 million people living in twelve nations and three territories. It encompasses 6 percent of the world's population. From the 1930s to 1980s, countries of South America used Import Substitution, an economic policy which replaces foreign businesses as well as imports with domestic production. This was a policy made to produce more development and help grow domestic businesses, which are not competitive with other international industries. However, this policy created a debt crisis in South America. South America was falling farther behind the Western countries over the past two","title":"Economy of South America"},{"psg_id":"15416770","text":"shifted to include right hemisphere damage (Brookshire, 2007). It is now well established that language and cognition can be seriously impaired by unilateral right hemisphere brain damage. Specific cognitive tests can help diagnose the existence of right hemisphere brain damage and differentiate symptoms from those of left hemisphere damage. Unlike the aphasias, caused by left hemisphere damage and generally resulting in focused language deficits, right hemisphere brain damage can result in a variety of diffuse deficits which complicate formal testing of this disorder (Brookshire, 2007). These formal tests assess areas such as understanding humor, metaphors, sarcasm, facial expression, and prosody.","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"361896","text":"high biodiversity, containing a major proportion of the Earth's species. Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone. Traditionally, South America also includes some of the nearby islands. Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Trinidad, Tobago, and the federal dependencies of Venezuela sit on the northerly South American continental shelf and are often considered part of the continent. Geo-politically, the island states and overseas territories of the Caribbean are generally grouped as a part","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"361895","text":"producing one major export commodity often has hindered the development of diversified economies. The fluctuation in the price of commodities in the international markets has led historically to major highs and lows in the economies of South American states, often causing extreme political instability. This is leading to efforts to diversify production to drive away from staying as economies dedicated to one major export. South America is one of the most biodiverse continents on earth. South America is home to many interesting and unique species of animals including the llama, anaconda, piranha, jaguar, vicuña, and tapir. The Amazon rainforests possess","title":"South America"},{"psg_id":"619142","text":"formed which aims to merge the two existing customs unions: Mercosur and the Andean Community, thus forming the third-largest trade bloc in the world. This new political organization is known as Union of South American Nations seeks to establish free movement of people, economic development, a common defense policy and the elimination of tariffs. History of South America The history of South America is the study of the past, particularly the written record, oral histories, and traditions, passed down from generation to generation on the continent of South America. South America has a history that has a wide range of","title":"History of South America"},{"psg_id":"12238928","text":"Sport in South America Association football is the most popular sport in almost all South American countries. There are a wide range of sports played in the continent of South America. Popular sports include baseball, basketball, rugby union, tennis, golf, volleyball, hockey, beach volleyball, motorsports and cricket. South America held its first Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2016. Two years prior to this, major cities in Brazil hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup. South America and Europe share the supremacy over the sport, as all national team winners in FIFA World Cup history and all winning teams","title":"Sport in South America"},{"psg_id":"15416752","text":"the neglected side of drawings or try to draw out all the details on the nonneglected side. Homonymous hemianopsia is another sensory deficit that is sometimes observed in this population. Stroke is the most common source of damage for a right hemisphere damage. The stroke for this disorder occurs in the right hemisphere of the brain. Other etiologies that cause right hemisphere damage include: trauma (traumatic brain injury), disease, seizures disorders, and infections. Depending on the etiology that causes the right hemisphere damage, different deficits can be accounted for. \"The level of deficit or disorder an individual with right hemisphere","title":"Right hemisphere brain damage"},{"psg_id":"6776867","text":"C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America is a 2004 American mockumentary that is directed by Kevin Willmott. It is an account of an alternate history, wherein the Confederacy wins the American Civil War and establishes a new Confederate States of America that incorporates the majority of the Western Hemisphere, including the former contiguous United States, the \"Golden Circle\", the Caribbean, and South America. The film primarily details significant political and cultural events of Confederate history from its founding until the early 2000s. This viewpoint is used to satirize real-life issues and events, and to","title":"C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3184170\",\n \"text\": \"82% of humans live in the Eastern Hemisphere, and 18% in the Western Hemisphere. Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, UK) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pole). It is also used to refer to Afro-Eurasia (Africa and Eurasia) and Australia, in contrast with the Western Hemisphere, which includes mainly North and South America. The Eastern Hemisphere may also be called the \\\"Oriental Hemisphere\\\". In addition, it may be used\",\n \"title\": \"Eastern Hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3184166\",\n \"text\": \"Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, UK) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pole). It is also used to refer to Afro-Eurasia (Africa and Eurasia) and Australia, in contrast with the Western Hemisphere, which includes mainly North and South America. The Eastern Hemisphere may also be called the \\\"Oriental Hemisphere\\\". In addition, it may be used in a cultural or geopolitical sense as a synonym for the \\\"Old World\\\". The\",\n \"title\": \"Eastern Hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8456986\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. Department of State names the following jurisdictions: The following jurisdictions in the Western Hemisphere (and all of South America) are not specifically named by the Department of State: Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) is a United States legal framework from 2007 that requires all travelers to show a valid passport or other approved secure document when traveling to the U.S. from areas within the Western Hemisphere. The purpose, according to the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Department of Homeland Security, is to strengthen border security and facilitate entry into the United States for\",\n \"title\": \"Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9213834\",\n \"text\": \"Caribbean, Central, and South America, in celebration of his 50th birthday. Accompanying him were his wife, son, youngest daughter, and some hired pilots to lighten the workload. Despite numerous efforts at obtaining the requisite clearances and permissions, the Hemisphere Dancer was only allowed to make a water landing once during the month-long odyssey. This action is chronicled in Buffett's autobiographical travelogue \\\"A Pirate Looks at 50\\\", which was an immediate #1 best seller on the New York Times best seller list. Since publication of \\\"A Pirate Looks at 50\\\", the Hemisphere Dancer has become an icon of Parrothead culture, being\",\n \"title\": \"Hemisphere Dancer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416761\",\n \"text\": \"different approaches. It appears as though individuals with right hemisphere damage maintain their real world knowledge and their mental scripts of what the world is like and what to expect from common scenarios, they just can’t translate it when they see it. Despite this, right hemisphere damage can lead to deficits in discourse abilities, including difficulty with interpretation of abstract language, making inferences, and understanding nonverbal cues. In particular, individuals with right hemisphere damage struggle with the skilled use of context to interpret and express ideas. A study of five participants with right hemisphere damage found that participants’ ability to\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"280042\",\n \"text\": \"The islands of the West Indies delineate a submerged former land bridge, which had connected North and South America via what are now Florida and Venezuela. There are numerous islands off the continent's coasts; principally, the Arctic Archipelago, the Bahamas, Turks & Caicos, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Aleutian Islands (some of which are in the Eastern Hemisphere proper), the Alexander Archipelago, the many thousand islands of the British Columbia Coast, and Newfoundland. Greenland, a self-governing Danish island, and the world's largest, is on the same tectonic plate (the North American Plate) and is part of North America geographically.\",\n \"title\": \"North America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18173068\",\n \"text\": \"Southern celestial hemisphere The southern celestial hemisphere, also called the Southern Sky, is the southern half of the celestial sphere; that is, it lies south of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere, on which seemingly fixed stars form constellations, appears to rotate westward around a polar axis due to Earth's rotation. At any given time, the entire Southern Sky is visible from the geographic South Pole, while less of this hemisphere is visible the further north the observer is located. The northern counterpart is the northern celestial hemisphere. In the context of astronomical discussions or writing about celestial mapping, it\",\n \"title\": \"Southern celestial hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7170886\",\n \"text\": \"What America Needs What America Needs: From Sea to Shining Sea is a 2003 documentary film movie filmed by Mark Wojahn. It is a sequel to the award winning 1995 film , which was produced in conjunction with the progressive film co-op, the New Kinomatagraphic Union. In October 2002, filmmaker Mark Wojahn traveled from New York City to Los Angeles, California via an Amtrak train. He stopped in ten cities along the way and asked over 500 individuals the question \\\"What do you think America needs?\\\". The individuals asked were of different race, age, gender, background, religion, and social class.\",\n \"title\": \"What America Needs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18251325\",\n \"text\": \"Northern celestial hemisphere The northern celestial hemisphere, also called the Northern Sky, is the northern half of the celestial sphere; that is, it lies north of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere appears to rotate westward around a polar axis due to Earth's rotation. At any given time, the entire Northern Sky is visible from the geographic North Pole, while less of this hemisphere is visible the further south the observer is located. The southern counterpart is the southern celestial hemisphere. In the context of astronomical discussions or writing about celestial cartography, this celestial hemisphere may also simply then be\",\n \"title\": \"Northern celestial hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4678147\",\n \"text\": \"summer. Western Hemisphere Warm Pool The Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP) is a region of sea surface temperatures (SST) warmer than 28.5°C that develops west of Central America in the spring, then expands to the tropical waters to the east. The WHWP includes the tropical Atlantic Ocean (TNA) east of the Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and eastern north Pacific Ocean (ENP). A WHWP heating cycle begins with warmth in the eastern North Pacific in the spring. A dipole pattern off Central America appears due to surges of cooler, drier air through the gap at the Isthmus of\",\n \"title\": \"Western Hemisphere Warm Pool\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4678144\",\n \"text\": \"Western Hemisphere Warm Pool The Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP) is a region of sea surface temperatures (SST) warmer than 28.5°C that develops west of Central America in the spring, then expands to the tropical waters to the east. The WHWP includes the tropical Atlantic Ocean (TNA) east of the Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and eastern north Pacific Ocean (ENP). A WHWP heating cycle begins with warmth in the eastern North Pacific in the spring. A dipole pattern off Central America appears due to surges of cooler, drier air through the gap at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.\",\n \"title\": \"Western Hemisphere Warm Pool\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416768\",\n \"text\": \"their minds compared to what is actually occurring in the outside world. For example, one patient who had right hemisphere damage was in a wheelchair and kept putting his left hand in the spokes. When the nurse asked him to stop, he looked down and said, “that’s not my hand.” Since the right hemisphere controls motor functioning for the left side of the body, the patient did not recognize the actions of his own hand and made up a story to explain what was going on. This often occurs because what is actually happening to them is deeply disturbing so\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17096314\",\n \"text\": \"What America Thinks What America Thinks is a syndicated American television show. It was hosted by opinion pollster and political commentator Scott Rasmussen from 2012 to 2013, and is currently hosted by Alex Boyer. WCBS-TV is the anchor station. The program, which is syndicated on over 120 stations, is produced by Telco Productions and Rasmussen Reports. The program features discussions of current events and public opinion with a guest panel. Guests have included Scott Walker, Howard Dean, and Rand Paul. An episode of the show, titled \\\"What New Hampshire Thinks\\\", won a 2012 Granite Mike Award from the New Hampshire\",\n \"title\": \"What America Thinks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18173071\",\n \"text\": \"Toliman (α Centauri), 4.2 light-years away, are also located in the Southern Sky, having declinations around –60° – too close to the south celestial pole that neither are visible from Central Europe. Southern celestial hemisphere The southern celestial hemisphere, also called the Southern Sky, is the southern half of the celestial sphere; that is, it lies south of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere, on which seemingly fixed stars form constellations, appears to rotate westward around a polar axis due to Earth's rotation. At any given time, the entire Southern Sky is visible from the geographic South Pole, while less\",\n \"title\": \"Southern celestial hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13558387\",\n \"text\": \"continent. In naval warfare, early South Americans did not build ships on a size comparable with those on other continents. Politically, state formation also came relatively late to South America, affecting the ability of South America to generate large armies early on in its history. The northern edge of the continent saw military events dominated by a struggle between two ethnic groups. The first, the Arawak, lived along the eastern coast of South America, as far south as what is now Brazil, and up into Guyana. When first encountered by Christopher Columbus, the Arawak were described as a peaceful people,\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17479578\",\n \"text\": \"assistance from the United States in exchange for military bases and participation in the defense of the Western Hemisphere. The United Kingdom and other European nations, including their colonies, logically received the majority of the aid, because the chaos of war was much closer to them. Latin America, however, received approximately $400 million in war materials, which was a small fraction compared of what was distributed to the European nations. Out of all of the Latin American nations, Brazil benefited the most from Lend-Lease during the war, mainly because of its geographical position at the northeastern corner of South America,\",\n \"title\": \"Latin America during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416750\",\n \"text\": \"on the theme of a story. Nespoulous, Code, Virbel and Lecours studied speech of those with different kinds of aphasias and coined a term for the speech patterns of those with right hemisphere damage. According to them, these patients engage in “modalizing” speech which is made up speech about the patient’s perspective on the real world. They found that those with right hemisphere damage contrast those with Wernicke’s Aphasia as those patients use referential speech which Nespoulous et al. identify as speech pertaining to the real world and what is occurring in it. With referential speech, the patients describe what\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416746\",\n \"text\": \"process has suggested that they do not pick up relevant cues and have difficulty incorporating the small details they do notice together to form a big picture. When actually describing the paintings, patients either give the experimenter too much description of what is happening, without addressing the overall theme of the piece, or provide them with a very basic one sentence “description” about what they see. After analyzing and comparing the descriptions of participants with no brain damage and those with right hemisphere damage, the researchers found that those with right hemisphere damage used twice as many words than those\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416767\",\n \"text\": \"once they are released from the hospital. The lack of proper treatment could lead to higher levels of dependency later on. In order to make functional recovery gains, right hemisphere stroke survivors should receive rehabilitation services, so patients with anosognosia should be encouraged to seek out additional treatment. However, due to the anosognosia, these patients often report a higher perceived quality of life than other right hemisphere stroke survivors because of the unawareness of the resulting deficits (Daia et al., 2014). Those with right hemisphere damage may confabulate, or make up stories to help explain what is going on in\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416745\",\n \"text\": \"further evidence of this phenomenon, there has been research done with right hemisphere damaged patients using Norman Rockwell pieces. In these experiments, participants are shown a painting, without the title attached, and are asked to describe what is happening in the scene. As can be expected, there are variances between the answers of people with right hemisphere damage and no brain damage. These experiments have provided further evidence for the idea that individuals with right hemisphere damage have a hard time recognizing emotions of others as they do not mention them when asked to describe the paintings. In addition, this\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7170887\",\n \"text\": \"The film documents many mixed emotions of disappointment and despair as well as strong messages of hope. The film primarily highlights diversity in viewpoints on social issues throughout the United States. In 2009 Wojahn won the McKnight Film Fellowship award. In October 2010, Wojahn debuted his film \\\"Trampoline\\\" in San Francisco. The documentary follows a Minneapolis family for one year as their \\\"anything but normal\\\" family struggles with marital issues and drug and alcohol addiction. www.trampolinethemovie.com What America Needs What America Needs: From Sea to Shining Sea is a 2003 documentary film movie filmed by Mark Wojahn. It is a\",\n \"title\": \"What America Needs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17096315\",\n \"text\": \"Association of Broadcasters. In June 2013, 60 additional stations signed up to air the show beginning on July 21, 2013, bringing the total number of stations airing the show to over 120. The following is a list of the show's episodes: What America Thinks What America Thinks is a syndicated American television show. It was hosted by opinion pollster and political commentator Scott Rasmussen from 2012 to 2013, and is currently hosted by Alex Boyer. WCBS-TV is the anchor station. The program, which is syndicated on over 120 stations, is produced by Telco Productions and Rasmussen Reports. The program features\",\n \"title\": \"What America Thinks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9952028\",\n \"text\": \"River. USS South America (1861) USS \\\"South America\\\" (1861) was a whaler purchased by the Union Navy on 9 November 1861 at New London, Connecticut. She was acquired to be sunk as an obstruction in the channel leading to a Confederate port as part of the Union blockade on ports and waterways of the Confederate States of America. However, instead of duty in what was known as the \\\"stone fleet\\\", the 606-ton bark was beached with and on 8 December 1861 to serve as a wharf during the landing of troops at Tybee Island, Georgia, at the mouth of the\",\n \"title\": \"USS South America (1861)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9952027\",\n \"text\": \"USS South America (1861) USS \\\"South America\\\" (1861) was a whaler purchased by the Union Navy on 9 November 1861 at New London, Connecticut. She was acquired to be sunk as an obstruction in the channel leading to a Confederate port as part of the Union blockade on ports and waterways of the Confederate States of America. However, instead of duty in what was known as the \\\"stone fleet\\\", the 606-ton bark was beached with and on 8 December 1861 to serve as a wharf during the landing of troops at Tybee Island, Georgia, at the mouth of the Savannah\",\n \"title\": \"USS South America (1861)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9974875\",\n \"text\": \"Spanish missions in South America The Spanish missions in South America comprise a series of Jesuit Catholic religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics in order to spread the Christian doctrine among the local natives. Missions in the \\\"Banda Oriental\\\" in southern Brazil. The \\\"Banda Oriental\\\" was finally divided by the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777 between Spanish and Portuguese domains, the western portion becoming part of what is today state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the eastern portion becoming part of what is today Uruguay. (Note: The above are Portuguese translations of the original names) There were also\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish missions in South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13444324\",\n \"text\": \"2009 flu pandemic in South America The 2009 flu pandemic in South America was part of a global epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, causing what has been commonly called swine flu. As of 9 June 2009, the virus had afflicted at least 2,000 people in South America, with at least 4 confirmed deaths. On 3 May 2009, the first case of the flu in South America was confirmed in a Colombian man who recently travelled from Mexico – since then, it has spread throughout the continent. By far, the most affected country\",\n \"title\": \"2009 flu pandemic in South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20656147\",\n \"text\": \"What Made America Famous? \\\"What Made America Famous?\\\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his 1974 album, Verities & Balderdash. It has also been included on numerous posthumous compilation albums. The song inspired Chapin to write the award nominated Broadway musical, The Night That Made America Famous. The song shows a man, his girlfriend, and kids living in a rundown home. Eventually, a house fire starts, and they need rescue. It is continually asked in the song if anybody cares. It ends with the firefighters waiting to respond to \\\"let them sweat\",\n \"title\": \"What Made America Famous?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8553477\",\n \"text\": \"Geography of North America North America is the third largest continent, and is also a portion of the second largest supercontinent if North and South America are combined into the Americas and Africa, Europe, and Asia are considered to be part of one supercontinent called Afro-Eurasia. With an estimated population of 460 million and an area of 24,346,000 km² (9,400,000 mi²), the northernmost of the two continents of the Western Hemisphere is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west; the Atlantic Ocean on the east; the Caribbean Sea, Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and South America on the south; and\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of North America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"280040\",\n \"text\": \"changing its name to the United Provinces of Central America. Over three decades of work on the Panama Canal led to the connection of Atlantic and Pacific waters in 1913, physically making North America a separate continent. North America occupies the northern portion of the landmass generally referred to as the New World, the Western Hemisphere, the Americas, or simply America (which, less commonly, is considered by some as a single continent with North America a subcontinent). North America's only land connection to South America is at the Isthmus of Panama. The continent is delimited on the southeast by most\",\n \"title\": \"North America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"280022\",\n \"text\": \"feminine form \\\"America\\\", following the examples of \\\"Europa\\\", \\\"Asia\\\" and \\\"Africa\\\". Later, other mapmakers extended the name \\\"America\\\" to the northern continent, In 1538, Gerard Mercator used \\\"America\\\" on his map of the world for all the Western Hemisphere. Some argue that the convention is to use the surname for naming discoveries except in the case of royalty and so a derivation from \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\" could be problematic. Ricardo Palma (1949) proposed a derivation from the \\\"Amerrique\\\" mountains of Central America—Vespucci was the first to discover South America and the \\\"Amerrique\\\" mountains of Central America, which connected his discoveries to\",\n \"title\": \"North America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19879591\",\n \"text\": \"world champion (providing it represents a WH&O nation), the prior year North American and Orient champions (providing each represents a Western Hemisphere and Orient nation) and the current year South American champion are entitled to compete. Snipe Western Hemisphere & Orient Championship The Snipe Western Hemisphere & Orient Championship is an international sailing regatta in the Snipe class. The fleet of winning skipper is awarded the Hayward Western Hemisphere Trophy, donated by Commodore John T. Hayward, of Tulsa, Oklahoma. 3 races shall constitute a regatta. It is sailed every two years (even years), on alternate years with the World Championship,\",\n \"title\": \"Snipe Western Hemisphere & Orient Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"815052\",\n \"text\": \"Western Hemisphere: Western Hemisphere The Western Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of Earth which lies west of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the antimeridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. The Western Hemisphere consists of the Americas, the western portions of Eurasia and Africa, the extreme eastern tip of Siberia (Russia), numerous territories in Oceania, and a portion of Antarctica, while excluding some of the Aleutian Islands to the southwest of the Alaskan mainland. In an attempt to define the Western Hemisphere as the parts of the world\",\n \"title\": \"Western Hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9855089\",\n \"text\": \"Puruhá, the Cañari, and the Saraguro. Indigenous population in Peru make up around 34%. Native Peruvian traditions and customs have shaped the way Peruvians live and see themselves today. Cultural citizenship—or what Renato Rosaldo has called, \\\"the right to be different and to belong, in a democratic, participatory sense\\\" (1996:243)—is not yet very well developed in Peru. This is perhaps no more apparent than in the country's Amazonian regions where indigenous societies continue to struggle against state-sponsored economic abuses, cultural discrimination, and pervasive violence. Demographics of South America South America has an estimated population of 418,7 million (as of 2017)\",\n \"title\": \"Demographics of South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13558398\",\n \"text\": \"variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, including large parts of modern Ecuador, Peru, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and north-central Chile, and southern Colombia. The Inca approach to warfare was well organised and disciplined, building on the Andean military societies before it. It represented a major step forward in military organisation in South America. The Incan empire expanded into what later became Ecuador during the reign of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, who began the northward conquest in 1463. He gave his\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20656148\",\n \"text\": \"a little\\\", and the plumber ends up saving everyone in the home. They spend the night in the plumber's home and realize that heroes are people who you'd never suspect, or ever know. The song was inspired when Chapin himself lived in Point Lookout in Long Island during the 1960s. There was a suspicious fire in a low-income residence. Although it is unknown how the actual firefighters responded, he imagined that they responded like in the song. What Made America Famous? \\\"What Made America Famous?\\\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his\",\n \"title\": \"What Made America Famous?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361891\",\n \"text\": \"floor(/1e6) million. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). Brazil is by far the most populous South American country, with more than half of the continent's population, followed by Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela and Peru. In recent decades Brazil has also concentrated half of the region's GDP and has become a first regional power. Most of the population lives near the continent's western or eastern coasts while the interior and the far south are sparsely populated. The geography of western South America is dominated by\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"815049\",\n \"text\": \"Western Hemisphere The Western Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of Earth which lies west of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the antimeridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. The Western Hemisphere consists of the Americas, the western portions of Eurasia and Africa, the extreme eastern tip of Siberia (Russia), numerous territories in Oceania, and a portion of Antarctica, while excluding some of the Aleutian Islands to the southwest of the Alaskan mainland. In an attempt to define the Western Hemisphere as the parts of the world which are\",\n \"title\": \"Western Hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361893\",\n \"text\": \"the Darién watershed along the Colombia–Panama border, although some may consider the border instead to be the Panama Canal. Geopolitically and geographically all of Panama – including the segment east of the Panama Canal in the isthmus – is typically included in North America alone and among the countries of Central America. Almost all of mainland South America sits on the South American Plate. South America is home to the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall, Angel Falls in Venezuela; the highest single drop waterfall Kaieteur Falls in Guyana; the largest river (by volume), the Amazon River; the longest mountain range, the\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9974876\",\n \"text\": \"7 Spanish Missions (out of 30 or so in Viceroyalty of Peru east of the Andes) constructed along tributaries in the Upper Solimoes area of what later became State of Amazonas, Brazil, between 1686 and 1689 by Jesuit Padre Samuel Fritz among the Omagua indigenous peoples. Some of these were moved upstream into Peru due to pressure from the \\\"Bandeirantes\\\" slave raiders; the rest were destroyed by Portuguese forces between 1700 and 1711. Spanish missions in the lower Amazon: Spanish missions in South America The Spanish missions in South America comprise a series of Jesuit Catholic religious outposts established by\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish missions in South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3184168\",\n \"text\": \"time concepts of Canadian railroad engineer Sir Sandford Fleming were adopted. The Hemispheres agreed do not correspond with exact continents. Portions of Western Europe, West Africa, Oceania, and extreme northeastern Russia are in the Western Hemisphere, divorcing it from the continents which form the touchstone for most geopolitical constructs of \\\"the East\\\" and \\\"the West\\\". Consequently, the meridians of 20°W and the diametrically opposed 160°E are often used outside of matters of physics and navigation, which includes all of the European and African mainlands, but also includes a small portion of northeast Greenland (typically reckoned as part of North America)\",\n \"title\": \"Eastern Hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361970\",\n \"text\": \"Copa América). Also, in South America, a multi-sport event, the South American Games, are held every four years. The first edition was held in La Paz in 1978 and the most recent took place in Santiago in 2014. South American Cricket Championship is an international limited-overs cricket tournament played since 1995 featuring national teams from South America and certain other invited sides including teams from North America, currently played annually but until 2013 was usually played every two seasons. Due to the diversity of topography and pluviometric precipitation conditions, the region's water resources vary enormously in different areas. In the\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5060627\",\n \"text\": \"to Aperam South America. Aperam South America Aperam South America, old Acesita and ArcelorMittal Timóteo, is a biggest Brazilian manufacturer of specialty steels. Headquartered in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, the company is a supplier of stainless, silicon and special carbon steels. Aperam South America's steel market share in Brazil is estimated to be 90%, and it is the only stainless steel maker in Latin America. The company's main plant, at Timóteo in Minas Gerais, has an installed production capacity is 900,000 tons of steel per year. The company also mines iron ore. Aperam South America, then known Acesita, was founded\",\n \"title\": \"Aperam South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361958\",\n \"text\": \"the G8+5 (the most powerful and influential nations in the world). In the tourism sector, a series of negotiations began in 2005 to promote tourism and increase air connections within the region. Punta del Este, Florianópolis and Mar del Plata are among the most important resorts in South America. The most industrialized countries in South America are Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela and Uruguay respectively. These countries alone account for more than 75 percent of the region's economy and add up to a GDP of more than US$3.0 trillion. Industries in South America began to take on the economies of\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361904\",\n \"text\": \"Bridge (now the Bering Strait) at least 15,000 years ago from the territory that is present-day Russia. They migrated south through North America, and eventually reached South America through the Isthmus of Panama. The first evidence for the existence of the human race in South America dates back to about 9000 BC, when squashes, chili peppers and beans began to be cultivated for food in the highlands of the Amazon Basin. Pottery evidence further suggests that manioc, which remains a staple food today, was being cultivated as early as 2000 BC. By 2000 BC, many agrarian communities had been settled\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361903\",\n \"text\": \"of Brazil and a coastal current that flows to the northwest towards the Antilles, where there it moves towards northeast course thus forming the most Important and famous ocean current in the world, the Gulf Stream. South America is believed to have been joined with Africa from the late Paleozoic Era to the early Mesozoic Era, until the supercontinent Pangaea began to rift and break apart about 225 million years ago. Therefore, South America and Africa share similar fossils and rock layers. South America is thought to have been first inhabited by humans when people were crossing the Bering Land\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9697876\",\n \"text\": \"United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights and Global Women's Issues The Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights and Global Women's Issues is one of seven subcommittees of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. This subcommittee deals with all matters concerning U.S. relations with the countries of the Western Hemisphere, including Canada, Mexico, Central and South America, Cuba, and the other countries in the Caribbean, as well as the Organization of American States. This subcommittee’s regional responsibilities include all matters within the geographic region,\",\n \"title\": \"United States Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights and Global Women's Issues\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416771\",\n \"text\": \"However, not all individuals with right hemisphere brain damage have problems in language or communication and some may have no discernible symptoms. Indeed, about half of patients with right hemisphere damage have intact communication abilities (Brookshire, 2007). Right hemisphere brain damage Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) is the result of injury to the right brain hemisphere. The right hemisphere of the brain coordinates tasks for functional communication, which include problem solving, memory, and reasoning. Deficits caused by right hemisphere brain damage vary depending on the location of the damage. Individuals with right hemisphere damage exhibit deficits in visual processing. It\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7872565\",\n \"text\": \"Geography of South America The geography of South America contains many diverse regions and climates. Geographically, South America is generally considered a continent forming the southern portion of the landmass of the Americas, south and east of the Panama–Colombia border by most authorities, or south and east of the Panama Canal by some. South and North America are sometimes considered a single continent or supercontinent, while constituent regions are infrequently considered subcontinents. South America became attached to North America only recently (geologically speaking) with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama some 3 million years ago, which resulted in the\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5060625\",\n \"text\": \"Aperam South America Aperam South America, old Acesita and ArcelorMittal Timóteo, is a biggest Brazilian manufacturer of specialty steels. Headquartered in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, the company is a supplier of stainless, silicon and special carbon steels. Aperam South America's steel market share in Brazil is estimated to be 90%, and it is the only stainless steel maker in Latin America. The company's main plant, at Timóteo in Minas Gerais, has an installed production capacity is 900,000 tons of steel per year. The company also mines iron ore. Aperam South America, then known Acesita, was founded October 31, 1944, among\",\n \"title\": \"Aperam South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15242175\",\n \"text\": \"the station played a diplomatic role in South America in the early nineteenth century as the British diplomatic service was limited to having a representative in Brazil. South America Station The South America Station was a formation of the British Royal Navy which existed from 1808 to 1838 when it was split into the Pacific Station and the South East Coast of America Station. Following the invasion of Portugal by Napoleon, the Portuguese court escaped to Brazil with an escort of the Royal Navy under the command of Admiral Sidney Smith. Following the establishment of the Portuguese Court in Rio\",\n \"title\": \"South America Station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15242174\",\n \"text\": \"South America Station The South America Station was a formation of the British Royal Navy which existed from 1808 to 1838 when it was split into the Pacific Station and the South East Coast of America Station. Following the invasion of Portugal by Napoleon, the Portuguese court escaped to Brazil with an escort of the Royal Navy under the command of Admiral Sidney Smith. Following the establishment of the Portuguese Court in Rio de Janeiro in early 1808, was shortly followed by the reinforcement of Smith's escort and the establishment of the Brazil or South America Station. The commanders of\",\n \"title\": \"South America Station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"619082\",\n \"text\": \"a landmass called Gondwana, as part of the supercontinent Pangaea. In the Albian, around 110 mya, South America and Africa began to diverge along the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, giving rise to a landmass of Antarctica and South America. During the late Eocene, around 35 mya, Antarctica and South America separated and South America became a massive, biologically rich island-continent. During approximately 30 million years, the biodiversity of South America was isolated from the rest of the world, leading to the evolution of species within the continent. In the last million years since the Late Miocene, South America became connected with\",\n \"title\": \"History of South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13444350\",\n \"text\": \"of the virus AH1N1 in the country are divided into the following Federal Entities: 17 Miranda, Anzoategui 10; Táchira 4 Aragua 4; Mérida 2; Vargas 2; Bolivar 2; Zulia 1; Carabobo 1 and Nueva Esparta 1. On 18 July, the first death by the virus was confirmed. 2009 flu pandemic in South America The 2009 flu pandemic in South America was part of a global epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, causing what has been commonly called swine flu. As of 9 June 2009, the virus had afflicted at least 2,000 people in\",\n \"title\": \"2009 flu pandemic in South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"619105\",\n \"text\": \"South America, from present-day Guayana to as far south as what is now Brazil. Explorer Christopher Columbus described them at first encounter as a peaceful people, although the Arawak had already dominated other local groups such as the Ciboney. The Arawak had, however, come under increasing military pressure from the Carib, who are believed to have left the Orinoco river area to settle on islands and the coast of the Caribbean Sea. Over the century leading up to Columbus' arrival in the Caribbean archipelago in 1492, the Carib are believed to have displaced many of the Arawak who previously settled\",\n \"title\": \"History of South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361898\",\n \"text\": \"the United Kingdom, whose sovereignty over the islands is disputed by Argentina. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands may be associated with either South America or Antarctica. The distribution of the average temperatures in the region presents a constant regularity from the 30° of latitude south, when the isotherms tend, more and more, to be confused with the degrees of latitude. In temperate latitudes, winters are milder and summers warmer than in North America. Because its most extensive part of the continent is in the equatorial zone, the region has more areas of equatorial plains than any other region.\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416763\",\n \"text\": \"and men are more likely to be right hemisphere dominant. Because of this, women recover faster from left hemisphere damage, and men are more likely to recover faster from right hemisphere damage. Men who have suffered a right hemisphere stroke also have significantly better rehabilitation outcomes than men who suffer a left hemisphere stroke. Recovery of functional abilities is often greater in male stroke survivors than females, especially in the area of activities of daily living. Left neglect is common in patients recovering from right hemisphere damage as the right hemisphere controls the left half of the body. The presence\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416733\",\n \"text\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) is the result of injury to the right brain hemisphere. The right hemisphere of the brain coordinates tasks for functional communication, which include problem solving, memory, and reasoning. Deficits caused by right hemisphere brain damage vary depending on the location of the damage. Individuals with right hemisphere damage exhibit deficits in visual processing. It appears as though they are only able to recognize the parts of a picture, symbol, etc. rather than seeing the image as a whole. This was shown during an experiment when patients with right hemisphere damage had\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361948\",\n \"text\": \"were an important part of colonial life in Latin America. Both Buenos Aires, Argentina and São Paulo, Brazil figure among the largest Jewish populations by urban area. Japanese Buddhism, Shintoism, and Shinto-derived Japanese New Religions are common in Brazil and Peru. Korean Confucianism is especially found in Brazil while Chinese Buddhism and Chinese Confucianism have spread throughout the continent. Kardecist Spiritism can be found in several countries. Part of Religions in South America (2013): Genetic admixture occurs at very high levels in South America. In Argentina, the European influence accounts for 65–79% of the genetic background, Amerindian for 17–31% and\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361890\",\n \"text\": \"the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It includes twelve sovereign states (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela), a part of France (French Guiana), and a non-sovereign area (the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory though this is disputed by Argentina). In addition to this, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Trinidad and Tobago, and Panama may also be considered part of South America. South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population has been estimated at more than\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"815050\",\n \"text\": \"not part of the Old World, there also exist projections which use the 20th meridian west and the diametrically opposed 160th meridian east to define the hemisphere. This projection excludes the European and African mainlands and a small portion of northeast Greenland, but includes more of eastern Russia and Oceania. The center of the Western Hemisphere is located in the Pacific Ocean at the intersection of the 90th meridian west and the Equator, among the Galápagos Islands. The nearest land is Genovesa Island at . The highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere is Aconcagua in the Andes of Argentina at\",\n \"title\": \"Western Hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3184169\",\n \"text\": \"and excludes more of eastern Russia and Oceania (e.g., New Zealand). Prior to the global adoption of standard time, numerous prime meridians were decreed by various countries where time was defined by local noon (thereby, local meridian). The center of the Eastern Hemisphere is located in the Indian Ocean at the intersection of the equator and the 90th meridian east, 910 km west of Indonesia in the Ninety East Ridge. The nearest land is Simeulue Island at . The land mass of the Eastern Hemisphere is larger than that of the Western Hemisphere and has a wide variety of habitats.\",\n \"title\": \"Eastern Hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2427124\",\n \"text\": \"partitioned: information from each side of the body is sent to the opposite hemisphere (visual information is partitioned somewhat differently, but still lateralized). Similarly, motor control signals sent out to the body also come from the hemisphere on the opposite side. Thus, hand preference (which hand someone prefers to use) is also related to hemisphere lateralization. In some aspects, the hemispheres are asymmetrical; the right side is slightly bigger. There are higher levels of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine on the right and higher levels of dopamine on the left. There is more white matter (longer axons) on the right and more\",\n \"title\": \"Cerebral hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18172842\",\n \"text\": \"FG Hemisphere FG Capital Management, Ltd. is an American investment management firm based in New York City that focuses on equity investments and debt restructuring in emerging markets. As part of its management of distressed assets, FG Capital investigates and exposes financial fraud by engaging politicians, governments, and international organizations to combat corruption. FG Hemisphere Associates is a \\\"special-purpose vehicle\\\", managed by FG Capital, which purchases sovereign debt claims where countries rich in natural resources have too little revenue from these resources ending up in the national treasury. FG Hemisphere stated that \\\"these countries were suffering from lack of proper\",\n \"title\": \"FG Hemisphere\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17528524\",\n \"text\": \"one by Representative Adam Schiff who had called for a \\\"look at changing the telephone metadata program by having phone companies retain their own data, rather of the government.\\\" Spokespeople for Sprint, Verizon and T-mobile USA would not comment on whether their companies offered similar services. Hemisphere Project The Hemisphere Project, also called simply Hemisphere, is a mass surveillance program conducted by US telephone company AT&T and paid for by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and the Drug Enforcement Administration. AT&T employees work alongside the DEA and local law enforcement agencies at High Intensity Drug Trafficking\",\n \"title\": \"Hemisphere Project\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17528521\",\n \"text\": \"Hemisphere Project The Hemisphere Project, also called simply Hemisphere, is a mass surveillance program conducted by US telephone company AT&T and paid for by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and the Drug Enforcement Administration. AT&T employees work alongside the DEA and local law enforcement agencies at High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area offices in Los Angeles, Atlanta, Dallas and Houston, where they supply officials with metadata from a database of telephone calls dating back to 1987. The information is handed over in response to subpoenas, rather than search warrants. The DEA has the power to issue \\\"administrative\",\n \"title\": \"Hemisphere Project\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4177897\",\n \"text\": \"Economy of South America The economy of South America comprises approximately 410 million people living in twelve nations and three territories. It encompasses 6 percent of the world's population. From the 1930s to 1980s, countries of South America used Import Substitution, an economic policy which replaces foreign businesses as well as imports with domestic production. This was a policy made to produce more development and help grow domestic businesses, which are not competitive with other international industries. However, this policy created a debt crisis in South America. South America was falling farther behind the Western countries over the past two\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416770\",\n \"text\": \"shifted to include right hemisphere damage (Brookshire, 2007). It is now well established that language and cognition can be seriously impaired by unilateral right hemisphere brain damage. Specific cognitive tests can help diagnose the existence of right hemisphere brain damage and differentiate symptoms from those of left hemisphere damage. Unlike the aphasias, caused by left hemisphere damage and generally resulting in focused language deficits, right hemisphere brain damage can result in a variety of diffuse deficits which complicate formal testing of this disorder (Brookshire, 2007). These formal tests assess areas such as understanding humor, metaphors, sarcasm, facial expression, and prosody.\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361896\",\n \"text\": \"high biodiversity, containing a major proportion of the Earth's species. Brazil is the largest country in South America, encompassing around half of the continent's land area and population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among three regions: The Andean States, the Guianas and the Southern Cone. Traditionally, South America also includes some of the nearby islands. Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Trinidad, Tobago, and the federal dependencies of Venezuela sit on the northerly South American continental shelf and are often considered part of the continent. Geo-politically, the island states and overseas territories of the Caribbean are generally grouped as a part\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"361895\",\n \"text\": \"producing one major export commodity often has hindered the development of diversified economies. The fluctuation in the price of commodities in the international markets has led historically to major highs and lows in the economies of South American states, often causing extreme political instability. This is leading to efforts to diversify production to drive away from staying as economies dedicated to one major export. South America is one of the most biodiverse continents on earth. South America is home to many interesting and unique species of animals including the llama, anaconda, piranha, jaguar, vicuña, and tapir. The Amazon rainforests possess\",\n \"title\": \"South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"619142\",\n \"text\": \"formed which aims to merge the two existing customs unions: Mercosur and the Andean Community, thus forming the third-largest trade bloc in the world. This new political organization is known as Union of South American Nations seeks to establish free movement of people, economic development, a common defense policy and the elimination of tariffs. History of South America The history of South America is the study of the past, particularly the written record, oral histories, and traditions, passed down from generation to generation on the continent of South America. South America has a history that has a wide range of\",\n \"title\": \"History of South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12238928\",\n \"text\": \"Sport in South America Association football is the most popular sport in almost all South American countries. There are a wide range of sports played in the continent of South America. Popular sports include baseball, basketball, rugby union, tennis, golf, volleyball, hockey, beach volleyball, motorsports and cricket. South America held its first Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2016. Two years prior to this, major cities in Brazil hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup. South America and Europe share the supremacy over the sport, as all national team winners in FIFA World Cup history and all winning teams\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in South America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15416752\",\n \"text\": \"the neglected side of drawings or try to draw out all the details on the nonneglected side. Homonymous hemianopsia is another sensory deficit that is sometimes observed in this population. Stroke is the most common source of damage for a right hemisphere damage. The stroke for this disorder occurs in the right hemisphere of the brain. Other etiologies that cause right hemisphere damage include: trauma (traumatic brain injury), disease, seizures disorders, and infections. Depending on the etiology that causes the right hemisphere damage, different deficits can be accounted for. \\\"The level of deficit or disorder an individual with right hemisphere\",\n \"title\": \"Right hemisphere brain damage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6776867\",\n \"text\": \"C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America is a 2004 American mockumentary that is directed by Kevin Willmott. It is an account of an alternate history, wherein the Confederacy wins the American Civil War and establishes a new Confederate States of America that incorporates the majority of the Western Hemisphere, including the former contiguous United States, the \\\"Golden Circle\\\", the Caribbean, and South America. The film primarily details significant political and cultural events of Confederate history from its founding until the early 2000s. This viewpoint is used to satirize real-life issues and events, and to\",\n \"title\": \"C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["northern hemisphere","southern hemisphere"],"string":"[\n \"northern hemisphere\",\n \"southern hemisphere\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1781,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what movies has taylor momsen been in?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"5186842","text":"her breakout role. In 2002, she was given the role of Gretel in the motion picture: \"Hansel and Gretel\", as well as Alexandra, the President's daughter, in \"\". Momsen's career came to a halt for over three years until she received a lead role in the WB series \"Misconceptions\", which never aired. After that, she also appeared in the 2006 film \"Saving Shiloh\". She also auditioned for the title role in \"Hannah Montana\", and was in the top three, but the role was instead awarded to Miley Cyrus—a decision that Momsen was happy with in retrospect. In 2007, she starred","title":"Taylor Momsen"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186842\",\n \"text\": \"her breakout role. In 2002, she was given the role of Gretel in the motion picture: \\\"Hansel and Gretel\\\", as well as Alexandra, the President's daughter, in \\\"\\\". Momsen's career came to a halt for over three years until she received a lead role in the WB series \\\"Misconceptions\\\", which never aired. After that, she also appeared in the 2006 film \\\"Saving Shiloh\\\". She also auditioned for the title role in \\\"Hannah Montana\\\", and was in the top three, but the role was instead awarded to Miley Cyrus—a decision that Momsen was happy with in retrospect. In 2007, she starred\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"5186839","text":"Taylor Momsen Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American musician, singer, model, and former actress. She is known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series \"Gossip Girl\" (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\" (2000). She is also known for being the lead singer and frontwoman of the American rock band The Pretty Reckless. Momsen was born in St. Louis, Missouri. Her parents are Michael and Collette Momsen and she has a younger sister, Sloane Momsen, who is also an actress. She has Russian ancestry.","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186853","text":"material for the third Pretty Reckless album. On September 29, 2016, the band released the single \"Take Me Down\", which reached number two on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Chart. The third album, \"Who You Selling For\" was released in October 2016. Taylor Momsen Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American musician, singer, model, and former actress. She is known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series \"Gossip Girl\" (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\" (2000). She is also known for being the lead singer","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186850","text":"call going, 'Did you write a song for Heidi Montag'? And I'm like, 'What?'\". The track was later included on Montag's debut studio album \"Superficial\" (2010). On July 27, 2011, Momsen announced that the band would be the supporting act for Evanescence during the fall of 2011. Throughout 2012, Momsen and her band toured North America; the second headlining tour, titled the Medicine Tour, began in March 2012 and culminated with supporting dates for Marilyn Manson's 2012 world tour Hey Cruel World... Tour. Momsen also appeared as guest vocalist on the first track of ex Ministry member Paul Barker's 2012","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186845","text":"2010 fashion line \"Material Girl\", Momsen was announced on July 15, 2010. A week later, Momsen was announced as the model for John Galliano's new women's fragrance, scheduled to launch in autumn 2010. In 2010, she appeared in a video for Galliano's \"Parlez-Moi d'Amour\" fragrance ad campaign. Momsen is the face of Samantha Thavasa's handbag line. She has done multiple photoshoots, press events, and commercials. Momsen appeared on the cover of \"Page Six Magazine\" when she was 15 years old in 2009. She also appeared on the February 2010 cover of \"Seventeen\". In October 2010, Momsen wore a pair of","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186846","text":"platform stilettos, thigh-high stockings, and a holster strapped around her leg for \"Revolver\". She appeared on the cover of \"FHM\"'s March 2012 edition and \"FHM\" ranked Momsen #29 in its 2012 Hot 100 issue. She also made her cover debut for \"Maxim\" in the November 2013 issue. Momsen has said that \"music is where I can be me\", stating that \"acting is easy. I've been doing it for so long and I totally love it. But you're playing a character instead of yourself. Music is more personal because you're writing it and you're involved in every step of it.\" At","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186849","text":"been in the movie \"Kick-ass\" as well as shows like \"The Vampire Diaries\" and \"Gossip Girl\". Television personality Heidi Montag recorded \"Blackout\", a song written by Momsen. According to Momsen, she wrote the song when she was 8 years old and recorded it as a demo with a producer. Montag released the song as a digital only single, with the music video being directed by her husband Spencer Pratt. Momsen commented about the recording: \"I'm like, okay, dude, you're singing an 8-year-old's words, but that's cool. It's so funny because I didn't shop it or anything and I get this","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186852","text":"first week. The success of the record saw Taylor, along with the rest of the band, break records when they became the first female-fronted band to reach No. 1 on the rock radio charts with its first two singles: \"Heaven Knows\" in March 2014 and \"Fucked Up World\" in September 2014. The Pretty Reckless also spent the majority of late 2013 throughout 2014 on tour supporting \"Going To Hell\". In 2014, her band also supported Fall Out Boy in their European leg of the Save Rock n Roll Tour along with New Politics. Throughout 2015, Momsen continued to record new","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186841","text":"real life.\" She began acting professionally at three years of age in a 1997 national commercial for Shake 'n Bake. She was then cast in \"The Prophet's Game\". Momsen is included on the list of Unclaimed Coogan accounts for performing children whose partial childhood earnings are mandated to be put in a special fund but who have yet to claim their earnings. Momsen attended the Professional Performing Arts School in Manhattan for high school alongside Connor Paolo, Gregori Lukas, and Sarah Hyland. In 2000, Momsen played the role of Cindy Lou Who in Dr. Seuss' \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\",","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186847","text":"5 years old, Momsen recorded the song \"Christmas, Why Can't I Find You?\" for the soundtrack to \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\". In 2002, she recorded the songs \"One Small Voice\" and \"Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer\" for the compilation album \"School's Out! Christmas\". In March 2009, Momsen stated in an interview with \"OK!\" magazine that her band The Pretty Reckless had signed a deal with Interscope Records. She played her first tour with her band opening for The Veronicas on their Revenge Is Sweeter Tour in spring 2009. After the tour, Momsen began working with guitarist Ben Phillips, who would","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186844","text":"a regular cast member after the completion of the fourth season in 2011. On August 16, 2011, Momsen told \"Elle\" magazine that she had quit acting to focus on her music career. On October 16, 2012, it was reported that Momsen would be returning to \"Gossip Girl\" for its final episode, in which she appeared briefly in the wedding sequence. In June 2008, at the age of fourteen, Momsen signed to IMG Models. She was the face of British fashion chain New Look for its spring/summer 2010 collection. After weeks of speculation about who would be the face of Madonna's","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186848","text":"soon join the band. Momsen subsequently swapped out her former bandmates. She co-writes songs with Phillips; in addition to lead vocals, Momsen also plays rhythm guitar. The band's debut album \"Light Me Up\" was released on August 30, 2010 in the UK, where it debuted at number 6, as well as at number 18 in Ireland. The first single \"Make Me Wanna Die\" was released on May 30, 2010, while the second single \"Miss Nothing\" which was released on August 23, 2010 peaked at number 39. \"Just Tonight\" was released as the album's third single. Songs from this album have","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"16377619","text":"can still be seen today at the entrance to the church house. Numerous of his astronomical tools are preserved and are on display in museums in the area. His skills are cited in Theodor Storm's novella \"Der Schimmelreiter\" where Hans Mommsen, a builder of \"chronometers, telescopes and organs\" is cited. While Hans Mommsen is only a supporting character in the novella the real Momsen is said to have been Storm's inspiration for the protagonist Hauke Haien. Each year since 1986 the Nordfriesland district awards the \"Hans-Momsen-Preis\" for outstanding cultural merits in North Frisia. Hans Momsen Hans Momsen (born 23 October","title":"Hans Momsen"},{"psg_id":"18571648","text":"Bob Momsen Robert Edward \"Bob\" Momsen (May 28, 1929 - May 25, 2010) was an American football player. He was a first-team All-American at Ohio State in 1950. Momsen was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1929. He was the son of Rose and Anton Momsen, Sr., and the younger brother of Tony Momsen. Momsen and his brother Tony both attended Libbey High School. Brother Tony attended the University of Michigan, while Bob attended Ohio State University. Both brothers played college football and became adversaries in the Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry. Bob Momsen played at the guard and linebacker positions for","title":"Bob Momsen"},{"psg_id":"18571644","text":"Bob Momsen Robert Edward \"Bob\" Momsen (May 28, 1929 - May 25, 2010) was an American football player. He was a first-team All-American at Ohio State in 1950. Momsen was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1929. He was the son of Rose and Anton Momsen, Sr., and the younger brother of Tony Momsen. Momsen and his brother Tony both attended Libbey High School. Brother Tony attended the University of Michigan, while Bob attended Ohio State University. Both brothers played college football and became adversaries in the Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry. Bob Momsen played at the guard and linebacker positions for","title":"Bob Momsen"},{"psg_id":"3358717","text":"in the Sea of Japan. \"Momsen\" operated with Carrier Strike Group Five during the Talisman Sabre and SAREX exercises. \"Momsen\" also paid port visits to Indonesia, Japan, Saipan, Australia. On 22 August 2013, \"Momsen\" returned to Naval Station Everett, Washington, after a four-month underway period as part of the U.S. Seventh Fleet. In 2018, \"Momsen\" made a port call to Anchorage. USS Momsen USS \"Momsen\" (DDG-92) is an in service with the United States Navy. \"Momsen\" is the twenty-sixth destroyer of the \"Arleigh Burke\" class to be built by Bath Iron Works. She is named after Vice Admiral Charles B.","title":"USS Momsen"},{"psg_id":"3358712","text":"USS Momsen USS \"Momsen\" (DDG-92) is an in service with the United States Navy. \"Momsen\" is the twenty-sixth destroyer of the \"Arleigh Burke\" class to be built by Bath Iron Works. She is named after Vice Admiral Charles B. \"Swede\" Momsen of Flushing, Queens, New York (1896–1967). Vice Admiral Momsen made many contributions to the navy such as the invention of the Momsen Lung when he was assigned to the Bureau of Construction and Repair. Momsen was also involved in the first successful rescue of a crew of a sunken submarine, , and subsequently supervised the salvage of the boat.","title":"USS Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186840","text":"She was raised Roman Catholic and attended Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School for elementary school and later Herbert Hoover Middle School in Potomac, Maryland but is now non-religious. She also studied dance at the Center of Creative Arts in St. Louis. Momsen was signed with Ford Models at a very young age: \"My parents signed me up with Ford [Modeling] at the age of 2. No 2-year-old wants to be working, but I had no choice. My whole life, I was in and out of school. I didn't have friends. I was working constantly and I didn't have a","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5186851","text":"album \"Fix This\". On November 30, 2012, it was announced that The Pretty Reckless' fourth single \"Kill Me\" would be released on December 11. The track was the last song to be featured in the \"Gossip Girl\" series finale. Momsen cites Kurt Cobain, The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, The Who, Pink Floyd, AC/DC, Marilyn Manson, Oasis, and Shirley Manson of Garbage as some of her personal influences. \"Going to Hell\" was released on March 18, 2014. The release marked the band's largest sales week to date and landed at #5 on the Billboard 200 with over 35,000 copies sold in its","title":"Taylor Momsen"},{"psg_id":"7587389","text":"lines: What Kind of Day Has It Been \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" is the 22nd episode of \"The West Wing\", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series \"Sports Night\" and \"Studio","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"7587380","text":"What Kind of Day Has It Been \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" is the 22nd episode of \"The West Wing\", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series \"Sports Night\" and \"Studio 60","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"2652359","text":"Admiral Momsen died of cancer on May 25, 1967. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The 42nd \"Arleigh Burke\"-class guided missile destroyer, \"Momsen\" (DDG-92) is named in his honor. Momsen Hall, the 75-man Bachelor Officer Quarters at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC), Andros Island, Bahamas, was named in his honor in 1969. On November 10, 2009, the U.S. Navy's newest trainer, the Submarine Escape Trainer, was named in honor of Admiral Momsen in ceremonies at the New London Submarine Base. Charles Momsen Charles Bowers Momsen (June 21, 1896 – May 25, 1967), nicknamed \"Swede\", was born","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652341","text":"Charles Momsen Charles Bowers Momsen (June 21, 1896 – May 25, 1967), nicknamed \"Swede\", was born in Flushing, New York. He was an American pioneer in submarine rescue for the United States Navy, and he invented the underwater escape device later called the \"Momsen lung\", for which he received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal in 1929. In May 1939, Momsen directed the rescue of the crew of \"Squalus\" (SS-192). Momsen entered the U.S. Naval Academy in 1914, but he was dismissed after a widespread cheating scandal during the spring of his first year there. However, Momsen pursued another appointment to","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"16377615","text":"Hans Momsen Hans Momsen (born 23 October 1735, Fahretoft – 13 September 1811, ibidem) was a North Frisian farmer, mathematician and astronomer. Entirely without university studies he was able to solve complicated mathematical calculations and to construct astronomical devices, chronometers and other apparatus. He gave lessons in mathematics to gifted students. Moreover, he worked as a surveyor and built an organ for the church of Fahretoft. He is considered a polymath. Hans Momsen lived on a small farmstead in Fahretoft, Duchy of Schleswig, now a part of the Dagebüll municipality in Germany. His grandfather had been a navigation teacher in","title":"Hans Momsen"},{"psg_id":"15739743","text":"April 3, 1944, the firm adopted the name of . Momsen was married in 1921 to Dorothea Harnecker. Together, they had four children (Richard Jr., Alicia, William and Beatrice). A scholarship at George Washington University School of Law was established in 1964 by the law firm Momsen, Leonardos & Cia and the estate of Richard P. Momsen, to support Brazilian law students or law graduates to study U.S. law. Richard Momsen and Dorothea Harnecker Momsen deeded the Momsen Preserve as protected land. The preserve is located in Cross River New York. See Protected.Planet.net (www.protectedplanet.net/sites/Richard_Momsen_City_Preserve_Or_Natural_Area) Richard Paul Momsen Richard Paul Momsen","title":"Richard Paul Momsen"},{"psg_id":"10743393","text":"Angeles Rams in the fifth round of the 1951 NFL Draft. He signed with the Rams in July 1951, but he was traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers before the 1951 NFL season started. Momsen appeared in 11 games, all as a backup for the 1951 Steelers. In August 1952, Momsen was traded to the Washington Redskins. Momsen appeared in two games for the 1952 Redskins before being released on October 7, 1952. In 1953, Momsen played for the Calgary Stampeders of the Western Interprovincial Football League. In 1954, Momsen was in the Toronto Argonauts organization. He quit the Argonauts in","title":"Tony Momsen"},{"psg_id":"10743390","text":"withdrew from school. He entered the military. He also married and had two children. In 1947, he played football for Bob Snyder's Grills in the City Federation football league. In the winter of 1949, Momsen returned to the University of Michigan. Momsen played center and linebacker for the 1949 and 1950 Michigan football teams. Momsen is most remembered for his role in the famed 1950 Snow Bowl game against Ohio State. The game matched Momsen against his younger brother, Robert \"Buckeye Bob\" Momsen, who was a starter for Ohio State. The game was played in a blizzard, with weather conditions","title":"Tony Momsen"},{"psg_id":"3358713","text":"\"Momsen\"s keel was laid on 16 November 2001. She was launched on 19 July 2003, sponsored by the Admiral Momsen's daughter, Evelyn Momsen Hailey. \"Momsen\" was commissioned on 28 August 2004, at Panama City, Florida. As of 2008, \"Momsen\" is serving in the Pacific Fleet, homeported in NAVSTA Everett, Washington, and recently assigned to Destroyer Squadron 21 out of San Diego. The construction of \"Momsen\" and sister ship , from initial steelcutting to sea trials, was documented on the Discovery Channel television special \"Destroyer: Forged in Steel\". The destroyers were not referenced by name, but their numbers were visible on","title":"USS Momsen"},{"psg_id":"4782544","text":"escape without breathing devices and discovered ascent was possible from as deep as : \"in one sense, the Momsen Lung concept may have killed far more submariners than it rescued\". Momsen lung The Momsen lung was a primitive underwater rebreather used before and during World War II by American submariners as emergency escape gear. The Momsen lung was invented by Charles B. Momsen (nicknamed \"Swede\"). Submariners would train in an deep Escape Training Tank at New London, Mare Island , or Pearl Harbor using this apparatus. It was first introduced as standard equipment on \"Porpoise\" (P)-class and \"Salmon\"-class boats. The","title":"Momsen lung"},{"psg_id":"15739740","text":"Richard Paul Momsen Richard Paul Momsen (1891 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin – 1965 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was an American/Brazilian lawyer who served as Consul General for the United States in Rio de Janeiro (1918–1919) and founder of the American Chambers of Commerce for Brazil. Momsen was the second son of William Momsen, a native of Wisconsin, and Mary Momsen, a German immigrant. He received his LLB degree from George Washington University in 1912, and in 1913 traveled to Brazil in the service of the American consulate. While serving in this American consulate, in 1916 Momsen helped found the American","title":"Richard Paul Momsen"},{"psg_id":"16911311","text":"Evelyn Momsen Hailey Evelyn Clare Momsen Hailey (April 21, 1921 – March 29, 2011) was an American politician. A Democrat, she served in the Virginia House of Delegates 1974–1982 and the Senate of Virginia 1982–1984, while living in the city of Norfolk. Evelyn Clare Momsen was born April 21, 1921 to Charles B. \"Swede\" Momsen (1896–1967), a United States Navy officer assigned to the battleship , and Anna Lyles Momsen (née Offutt) (d. 1953). Shortly after Evelyn's birth, her father transferred to submarine duty; he became known for his work in underwater rescue techniques, including development of the Momsen lung.","title":"Evelyn Momsen Hailey"},{"psg_id":"10743388","text":"Tony Momsen Anton Henry \"Tony\" Momsen, Jr. (January 29, 1928 – March 6, 1994) was an American football center in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of Michigan in 1945, 1949 and 1950, and is most remembered for scoring the winning touchdown in the 1950 Snow Bowl game between Michigan and Ohio State. Momsen was born in Toledo, Ohio in 1928. He was the son of Rose and Anton Momsen, Sr. He attended Toledo's Libbey High School where he was a star athlete in football, basketball and","title":"Tony Momsen"},{"psg_id":"18571646","text":"on the other side of the field and in the hands of Ohio State. The Buckeyes scored when Vic Janowicz kicked a field goal after Bob Momsen recovered a blocked Wolverine kick. With 47 seconds remaining in the first half, Tony Momsen blocked a Janowicz punt and fell on the ball in the end zone for a touchdown. The Wolverines won by a final score of 9-3. Bob Momsen later recalled, \"Two brothers got more publicity for playing in a terrible football game than anyone ever deserves.\" Both Momsen brothers went on to play in the National Football League (NFL).","title":"Bob Momsen"},{"psg_id":"16377618","text":"with whom he had nine children. Momsen used to bind books, made woodcuts, copper etchings, and drew landscape portraits as well as blueprints for buildings. One of his local students became a professor of mathematics at University of Copenhagen, he used to send his manuscripts to Momsen for peer review before publishing them. During a visit in Copenhagen, Momsen met a number of scientists and philosophers including Johannes Nikolaus Tetens. Hans Momsen died in 1811 in his native village Fahretoft. Hans Momsen's organ was only played during a single year in the Fahretoft church but a sundial made by him","title":"Hans Momsen"},{"psg_id":"10743392","text":"touchdown was remembered as \"the hero of a brilliant forward wall.\" Bob Momsen later recalled, \"Two brothers got more publicity for playing in a terrible football game than anyone ever deserves.\" The win over Ohio State sent Michigan to the 1951 Rose Bowl against California. In the lead-up to the Rose Bowl, the Los Angeles Times gave credit to linement Roger Zatkoff and Momsen for leading Michigan's defense: \"Zatkoff and Tony Momsen, the other backer-upper in Michigan's usual six-man line defense, are the main reasons why Michigan topped the Big Ten in throttling opponents.\" Momsen was selected by the Los","title":"Tony Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652348","text":"in the East China Sea. The Momsen lung was eventually supplemented by the Steinke hood and free-ascent techniques. Momsen returned to his diving bell idea in 1930. He built a prototype, constructed from a water-tight aircraft hangar pirated from \"S-1\" and tested it off Key West, Florida. Momsen stated the bell was unstable, tipped, and leaked, and had several changes in mind for the diving bell, but was sent to the Bureau of Construction and Repair to teach submariners how to use the Momsen lung before he could make the changes. He charged Lieutenant Commander Al McCann to make the","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"10743394","text":"August 1954 after being told he would play for the Argonauts' farm team. After retiring from football, Momsen worked as a cement contractor and built customized golf clubs. He lived in Sunrise, Florida for the last 25 years of his life. In March 1994, he died at Riverside Methodist Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, due to complications following hip replacement surgery. Three weeks after Momsen's death, Libbey High School announced that Momsen would be included among the initial inductess into the Libbey High School Hall of Fame. Tony Momsen Anton Henry \"Tony\" Momsen, Jr. (January 29, 1928 – March 6, 1994)","title":"Tony Momsen"},{"psg_id":"4782541","text":"Momsen lung The Momsen lung was a primitive underwater rebreather used before and during World War II by American submariners as emergency escape gear. The Momsen lung was invented by Charles B. Momsen (nicknamed \"Swede\"). Submariners would train in an deep Escape Training Tank at New London, Mare Island , or Pearl Harbor using this apparatus. It was first introduced as standard equipment on \"Porpoise\" (P)-class and \"Salmon\"-class boats. The device recycled the breathing gas by using a counterlung containing soda lime to scrub carbon dioxide. The lung was initially filled with oxygen and connected to a mouthpiece via twin","title":"Momsen lung"},{"psg_id":"3358714","text":"their prows. On 6 April 2006, \"Momsen\" departed Naval Station Everett for her maiden deployment. During the six-month cruise, the ship conducted training and operations throughout Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of responsibility. \"Momsen\" returned home from a successful maiden deployment on 22 September 2006. \"Momsen\" departed for her second deployment on 14 March 2008 with Carrier Strike Group Nine. During her deployment, \"Momsen\" provided critical humanitarian assistance for two foreign vessels, a stranded cargo vessel with engine problems and a former hijacked merchant vessel requiring food, water and medical attention. She returned","title":"USS Momsen"},{"psg_id":"10743389","text":"track. In 1944, he was selected as the first-team center on the Associated Press All-Ohio football team. In announcing the selection, the AP quoted an Ohio coach who said, \"Momsen was one of the finest linebackers I have ever seen. He diagnoses plays rapidly, is extremely fast and a terrific tackler.\" He was also an all-city and all-state basketball player. Momsen enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1945. In November 1945, when Michigan's starting center, Harold Watts, was transferred for additional Navy training, Momsen became a starter at center for the 1945 football team. After the 1945 season, Momsen","title":"Tony Momsen"},{"psg_id":"15739741","text":"Chamber of Commerce in Brazil. In this capacity, Momsen argued for the reduction of taxation of foreign investment groups in Brazil. Momsen furthered his education while in Brazil, graduating from the faculty of legal and social sciences in 1917, being admitted to practice law in Brazil. Upon the death of his predecessor, Alfred Gottschalk, in 1918, Momsen assumed the post of Consul-General in Rio de Janeiro. Upon leaving his post in 1919, Momsen went on to found two separate law firms: one in Rio de Janeiro in partnership with Edmundo Miranda Jordan and Pedro Americo Werneck, another in New York","title":"Richard Paul Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652349","text":"changes he wanted and McCann was put in charge of the final revisions on the Momsen / McCann diving bell. When the redesigned diving bell was completed in late 1930, it was introduced as the McCann Submarine Rescue Chamber. The final bell, with the revisions and changes that Momsen authorized, included a floor bulkhead, pneumatic winch and a pressure seal allowing direct transfer of survivors to the diving bell in a dry environment. From 1937 to 1939, Momsen led an experimental deep-sea diving unit at the Washington Navy Yard which achieved a major breakthrough in the physiology of the human","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"3358716","text":"ability to command.\" On 28 October 2011, the former commander of \"Momsen\", Jay Wylie, plead guilty to one count of rape, three counts of aggravated sexual assault and contact, and three counts of conduct unbecoming an officer, and was sentenced by court martial to 42 months imprisonment and loss of all navy benefits. During her 2013 deployment, \"Momsen\" initially joined Carrier Strike Group Eleven before undertaking independent operations with the U.S. Seventh Fleet. During this deployment, \"Momsen\" participated in such multilateral naval exercises as CARAT Indonesia 2013 in the Java Sea, Talisman Sabre 2013 in the Coral Sea, and SAREX","title":"USS Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652356","text":"in \"Cero\". The pack arrived in the East China Sea in October 1943. It proved unable to solve the problems of communication and risk of fratricide, and made only one joint attack on a single convoy, but was credited at the time with sinking five Japanese ships for 88,000 tons and damaging eight others for 63,000 tons between them. (This was reduced to three sunk for 23,500 tons by JANAC postwar.) Momsen also received the Legion of Merit for work on the Navy's wolfpacks from February 1943 to June 1944. Momsen earned a Navy Cross for his efforts. Momsen commanded","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652347","text":"for the ascent, it also allows a submariner to rise slowly to the surface, thus avoiding embolisms. Between June 1929 and September 1932, Lieutenant Momsen developed the lung along with Chief Gunner's Mate Clarence L. Tibbals and Frank M. Hobson, a civilian employee of the Bureau of Construction and Repair (later the Bureau of Ships). In 1929, Momsen received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for personally testing the device at a depth of . The Momsen lung saved its first lives in October 1944, when eight submariners used it to reach the surface after \"Tang\" (SS-306) sank in of water","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"10743391","text":"so inclement that Michigan punted on first down for its first two plays from scrimmage, after concluding that the best strategy was to keep the slick ball on the other side of the field and in the hands of Ohio State. The Buckeyes scored when Vic Janowicz kicked a field goal after Robert Momsen recovered a blocked Wolverine kick. With 47 seconds remaining in the first half, Tony Momsen blocked a Janowicz punt and fell on the ball in the end zone for a touchdown. The Wolverines won by a final score of 9-3. Momsen, who scored the game's only","title":"Tony Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652351","text":"on the depth. Today's divers use the knowledge to operate safely deeper than . Momsen, already famous for the invention of his Momsen lung, achieved even more fame for directing the rescue and recovery of the 33 crewmen of the submarine \"Squalus\", which sank in May 1939 in of water off the Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire. Working from the submarine rescue ship USS \"Falcon\" (ASR-2), Momsen instructed the team of deep-sea divers as they dived to the submarine and attached cables to the rescue chamber. He also supervised rescue chamber operators as it made four dives to bring the","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"15739742","text":"with Leslie E. Freeman. In 1926 he founded another firm, this in the city of São Paulo, named Momsen & Bastos. Subsequently, the Rio de Janeiro firm was divided into two major segments: an intellectual property firm in partnership with Simeon W. Harris and a general law firm in partnership with Raja Gabaglia, Monteiro de Barros and Fernando Velloso. The original legal firm founded by Richard Momsen is considered the first legal firm established in Brazil adopting a corporate structure. The intellectual property firm Momsen & Harris was joined by in 1927. After the death of Simeon W. Harris, in","title":"Richard Paul Momsen"},{"psg_id":"7587387","text":"Sorkin, Fox later apologized, saying it was her fault for missing her mark. \"The West Wing\"'s first season finale was nominated for an Emmy award for Outstanding Single Camera Picture Editing for a Series (Tina Hirsch). This was one of two Emmy nominations the series received in this category for 2000, the other being for episode 10, \"In Excelsis Deo\" (Bill Johnson). In the end the award was won by ER, but Hirsch did win an Eddie Award for Best Edited One-Hour Series for Television. \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\" was also one of eight episodes submitted for","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"7587381","text":"on the Sunset Strip\", as well as the series finale of \"The Newsroom\", all of which were created by Aaron Sorkin. It was also a quote by Leo in the fourth-season episode \"Commencement\" in the situation room. Sorkin claimed that he took the phrase from Robert Whitehead, lead producer of Sorkin's \"A Few Good Men,\" who used to start meetings at the end of rehearsal days by asking this question. \"What Kind of Day Has it Been\" begins with the president attending a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. As the entourage exits the building, Secret Service Agent Gina Toscano","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"18571647","text":"Bob was drafted by the Detroit Lions with the 80th pick in the 1951 NFL Draft and played for the Lions during the 1951 NFL season. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers in the 1952 NFL season. After retiring as a professional football player, Momsen coached football at Northland College in Ashland, Wisconsin, before returning to Toledo in 1956. He coached high school football for 25 years at Libbey, Waite, and Macomber High Schools in Toledo. He was inducted into the Ohio State Athletics Hall of Fame in 2005. Momsen died in Toledo in 2010 at age 80.","title":"Bob Momsen"},{"psg_id":"4782543","text":"the trunk ascents was made without a Momsen lung. Many were unable to leave the trunk or discouraged from attempting an escape. Most of the crew perished. The Momsen lung was replaced by the Steinke hood beginning in 1962. The Royal Navy used a similar device, the Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus, but it was clumsy to use. The Royal Navy later adopted the practice of blow and go, in which the sailor would exhale continuously during ascent to avoid air expanding in the lungs, which could cause them to rupture. Postwar, submariner Walter F. Schlech, Jr., among others, examined submerged","title":"Momsen lung"},{"psg_id":"3358715","text":"home on 13 October 2008 after a seven-month underway period. \"Momsen\" departed for her third deployment September 2010 with Carrier Strike Group Nine. On 2 February 2011, \"Momsen\", with the guided-missile cruiser , responded to a distress call from the Panamanian-flag merchant vessel \"Duqm\" in the Gulf of Oman. Both ships disrupted a pirate attack on \"Duqm\", tracked the two pirate skiffs back to their mothership, and destroyed the two skiffs to prevent their use in future pirate attacks (\"pictured\"). The ship's skipper, Commander Jay Wylie, was relieved of command on 27 April 2011 for \"loss of confidence in his","title":"USS Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652357","text":"the battleship \"South Dakota\" from December 1944 through August 1945. For his distinguished service in command, Momsen was awarded a Gold Star (with Combat \"V\"), in lieu of a third award of the Legion of Merit. In addition to the Navy Cross once and the Legion of Merit with two Gold Stars (to show repeat awards) and \"V\" device, Momsen earned the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Army Distinguished Service Medal, Navy Commendation Medal with \"V\" device, World War I Victory Medal with escort clasp, American Defense Service Medal with Fleet Clasp, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four service","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652355","text":"Navy's first wolfpack. Momsen drilled his captains and their executive officers in tactics, planning to have three boats act in company, one boat making the first attack on a convoy then acting as \"trailer\", while the other two attacked alternatively on either flank afterward. He also developed a simple code for use on Talk Between Ships (TBS). The pack consisted of Edgar McGregor's \"Shad\", experienced skipper Dave White's new \"Cero\", and \"Grayback\", fresh from refit in Mare Island (and with one of the Submarine Force's first deck gun), under newcomer John Moore. Momsen, without any combat experience, flew his flag","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"18571645","text":"the Ohio State Buckeyes while brother Tony played at the center and linebacker positions for the Michigan Wolverines. Bob Momsen was selected by the Football Writers Association of America as a first-team defensive player and on their 1950 College Football All-America Team. The Momsen brothers are most remembered for their role in the famed 1950 Snow Bowl game between Michigan and Ohio State. The game was played in a blizzard, with weather conditions so inclement that Michigan punted on first down for its first two plays from scrimmage, after concluding that the best strategy was to keep the slick ball","title":"Bob Momsen"},{"psg_id":"4782542","text":"hoses containing one-way valves: one for breathing in and the other for breathing out. The only known emergency use of the Momsen lung is during the escape from on 25 October 1944. Thirteen men (of thirty survivors) left the forward escape trunk: five were picked up by the Japanese; three more reached the surface \"but were unable to hang on or breathe and floated off and drowned\"; the fate of the other five is unknown. Not all the escapees from the trunk used the Momsen lung. An officer had his mouthpiece knocked out shortly after leaving the submarine. One of","title":"Momsen lung"},{"psg_id":"2652353","text":"crewmen from the \"Squalus\" and the subsequent salvage of the submarine. After her repairs, the \"Squalus\" was renamed the USS \"Sailfish\", and the name \"Squalus\" was never used by the U.S. Navy again. During World War II, Momsen served as Commander, Submarine Squadron 2 (ComSubRon 2) and Commander, Submarine Squadron 4 (ComSubRon 4). While Momsen was ComSubRon 2 in the U.S. Pacific Fleet, captains under his command reported their Mark 14 torpedoes were not functioning properly. When fired from the preferred perpendicular angle of impact, the torpedoes did not always explode. However, when fired to hit at acute angles, the","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652352","text":"submariners to the surface and a fifth to check the flooded aft section for survivors. The fourth dive was marred by a cable jam, and the chamber had to be hauled to the surface by hand over hand pulling by all on board. All 33 surviving crewmen were rescued. 26 men perished. Momsen led the diving operations in the effort to salvage the \"Squalus\", which took 113 days. She was taken to the drydock at the Portsmouth Navy Yard. Along with Commander McCann, Momsen received a letter of commendation from President Franklin D. Roosevelt for the successful rescue of the","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652346","text":"Officially called the Submarine Escape Lung, it consisted of an oblong rubber bag that recycled exhaled air. The press enthusiastically received the device and they dubbed it the \"Momsen lung\", a name that stuck. The Momsen lung contains a canister of soda lime, which removes poisonous carbon dioxide from the exhaled air and then replenishes the air with oxygen. Two tubes lead from the bag to a mouthpiece: one with which to inhale air and the other to with which to exhale spent air. The device hangs around the wearer's neck and is strapped around the waist. Besides providing oxygen","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652343","text":"a way to rescue trapped submariners. On September 25, 1925, \"S-1\"s sister ship, \"S-51\" (SS-162), collided with freighter \"City of Rome\" in the vicinity of Block Island and sank in of water. Momsen was ordered to take \"S-1\" to search for the crippled submarine. \"S-1\" found the oil slick marking the spot where \"S-51\" had sunk, but without any sonar, there was no way for his crew to locate her on the bottom, nor was there a way for trapped crewmen to escape. Momsen began to look for ways to rescue submariners. He conceived a diving bell, which could be","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"16911314","text":"first 1981 redistricting, which was later overturned in court, the Norfolk House district, renumbered the 37th, was reduced from seven members to five. Hailey was not renominated. In the elections that November, Democratic state Senator Joseph T. Fitzpatrick was elected Norfolk city treasurer, creating a vacancy in the three-member 5th district. Hailey replaced him in a special election on January 13, 1982, defeating Republican Wayne Lustig, 54.3%-46.7%. Hailey served out the balance of Fitzpatrick's term, then retired. Hailey and her husband moved to Williamsburg, Virginia c.1992. She died March 29, 2011. Evelyn Momsen Hailey Evelyn Clare Momsen Hailey (April 21,","title":"Evelyn Momsen Hailey"},{"psg_id":"16911312","text":"He retired as a vice admiral. She had a brother, Charles Jr., who followed his father to the United States Naval Academy. The Momsen family traveled widely on Navy duty. They were stationed at Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack on December 7, 1941. On March 26, 1943, Evelyn Momsen married Robert Hailey, a Navy officer. They had three children, Robert H., Anne and Christopher. Robert Hailey rose to the rank of captain. In 1973, Evelyn Hailey ran for the House of Delegates in Norfolk's seven-member 39th district, along with six incumbent Democrats. She presented the image of \"everyone's fifth-grade","title":"Evelyn Momsen Hailey"},{"psg_id":"9767495","text":"Nothing Has Been Proved \"Nothing Has Been Proved\" is a song and a single release by British singer Dusty Springfield, written and produced by Pet Shop Boys. The song was the second collaboration between Springfield and Pet Shop Boys, following their UK #2 and US #2 hit duet \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\" in 1987. \"Nothing Has Been Proved\" prominently features an orchestral arrangement by Angelo Badalamenti and a soprano saxophone solo by Courtney Pine. Marshall Jefferson provided a dance mix which appeared on the 12\" and CD singles. \"Nothing Has Been Proved\" was produced for the 1989","title":"Nothing Has Been Proved"},{"psg_id":"2652345","text":"Momsen's next tour of duty took him to the Submarine Division of the Bureau of Construction and Repair. Shortly after he reported aboard, he came across his diving bell drawings. They had been disapproved as impractical. He stated his case again, but to no avail. Shortly thereafter, in December 1927, another submarine, the \"S-4\" (SS-109), sank off Cape Cod. All forty of her crew died. Six sailors survived three days in the forward torpedo room, but had no way to escape. After the \"S-4\" incident, Momsen began working on a device to help trapped submariners escape safely to the surface.","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652344","text":"lowered to a submarine in distress, mated to an escape hatch, and opened to allow trapped submariners to climb in. A watertight seal to the submarine could be achieved by placing a rubber gasket around the diving bell's bottom and reducing the air pressure once the bell was over the escape hatch. Then, the hatch could be opened, and the trapped submariners could climb aboard. Momsen diagrammed his idea and sent it up the chain of command. He waited more than a year for a response, heard nothing, and concluded there must have been something technically wrong with the concept.","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"13767566","text":"turns out to be his long, lost love, Clarice. As they reunite, the video flashes back to the younger Clarice and Nathan sharing a kiss. This version has been played on CMT, TNN and GAC, as well as CMT's sister channel, Pure Country. \"What Might Have Been\" debuted at number 72 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 29, 1993. What Might Have Been \"What Might Have Been\" is a song recorded by American country music group Little Texas. It was released in May 1993 as the lead-off single from their second (and","title":"What Might Have Been"},{"psg_id":"6586120","text":"album developed deeper into production. The album was also influenced by the 1994 film \"Fresh\", In the song \"Lil' Boy Fresh\" he loosely summarizes the story from beginning to end. In the United States, \"What the Game's Been Missing!\" debuted at #9 on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 141,000 copies in its first week. As of January 3, 2006, the album has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for selling 500,000 copies. As of October 2015 the album has sold 1,250,000 copies and gained platinum stats. What the Game's Been Missing! What the Game's Been Missing!","title":"What the Game's Been Missing!"},{"psg_id":"20416049","text":"lyric video has garnered over 55 million views. Swift performed an acoustic version of \"Call It What You Want\" during a SiriusXM Fishbowl session on November 10, 2017. A day later, Swift performed an acoustic version of the song again during an episode of the 43rd season of \"Saturday Night Live\", alongside \"...Ready for It?\". The song is also a regular part of her setlist for the Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour. Call It What You Want (Taylor Swift song) \"Call It What You Want\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her sixth studio album \"Reputation\"","title":"Call It What You Want (Taylor Swift song)"},{"psg_id":"11130250","text":"in particular that the average moviegoer and critic have missed – the something that makes the pictures extraordinary.” The book has been reprinted several times, most recently in 1998 by Gramercy Books (). Two sequels were published, \"Cult Movies 2\" (1983, Dell, ) and \"Cult Movies 3\" (1988, Fireside, ), with each book reviewing fifty additional cult films. Cult Movies (book) Cult Movies is a 1981 book by Danny Peary, consisting of a series of essays regarding what Peary described as the 100 most representative examples of the cult film phenomenon. The films are presented in alphabetical order, with each","title":"Cult Movies (book)"},{"psg_id":"7587385","text":"carnage, a Secret Service agent can be heard on the radio, asking \"Who's been hit?! Who's been hit?!\" While waiting with Bartlet in the Oval office for news on the missing pilot, Admiral Fitzwallace makes an observation on the presidential seal. The eagle on the seal holds an olive branch in its right talons and arrows in its left, and faces towards the olive branch. Yet when Congress declares war, he says, the eagle faces the arrows. This is an urban legend; though the design of the seal has changed over time, President Truman decided by Executive Order 9646, in","title":"What Kind of Day Has It Been"},{"psg_id":"5231912","text":"Disney Legends in 2008. Russi Taylor Russell \"Russi\" Taylor (born May 4, 1944) is an American voice actress. She has been the voice actress of Disney's Minnie Mouse character since 1986. Taylor was born on May 4, 1944. She has voiced Huey, Dewey and Louie and Webby Vanderquack in the television series \"DuckTales\", the video game \"\" and in other appearances such as in the holiday movies \"Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas\" and \"Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas\". In appearances where the three young ducks appear at an older age, such as in \"Mickey Mouse Works\" and \"Disney's House of","title":"Russi Taylor"},{"psg_id":"5231907","text":"Russi Taylor Russell \"Russi\" Taylor (born May 4, 1944) is an American voice actress. She has been the voice actress of Disney's Minnie Mouse character since 1986. Taylor was born on May 4, 1944. She has voiced Huey, Dewey and Louie and Webby Vanderquack in the television series \"DuckTales\", the video game \"\" and in other appearances such as in the holiday movies \"Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas\" and \"Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas\". In appearances where the three young ducks appear at an older age, such as in \"Mickey Mouse Works\" and \"Disney's House of Mouse\", Tony Anselmo, the","title":"Russi Taylor"},{"psg_id":"12743079","text":"we'd be thinking, \"Oh, you know what, we got this great idea for a game and these are the essential actions we can get out of it, how are we going to use it in movies?\" So it was really a three-way process, trying to figure out what we could get people to do, what would be fun, how it would fit in the movie—it wasn't just one process of doing it, it had to go both ways.\" There had also been a few more movie ideas, but they were left out of the game. The developers originally thought the","title":"You're in the Movies"},{"psg_id":"3968103","text":"Henry Rollins. Has Been Has Been (2004) is William Shatner's second musical album after 1968's \"The Transformed Man\". The album was produced and arranged by Ben Folds and most of the songs are co-written by Folds and Shatner, with Folds creating arrangements for Shatner's prose-poems, and features guest appearances from Joe Jackson (on a cover of Pulp's \"Common People\"), Folds and Aimee Mann (backup vocals on \"That's Me Trying\"), Lemon Jelly (on \"Together\"), Henry Rollins, and Adrian Belew (on \"I Can't Get Behind That\"), and Brad Paisley (on \"Real\", which he wrote specifically for Shatner). Henry Rollins also talks about","title":"Has Been"},{"psg_id":"3968101","text":"Has Been Has Been (2004) is William Shatner's second musical album after 1968's \"The Transformed Man\". The album was produced and arranged by Ben Folds and most of the songs are co-written by Folds and Shatner, with Folds creating arrangements for Shatner's prose-poems, and features guest appearances from Joe Jackson (on a cover of Pulp's \"Common People\"), Folds and Aimee Mann (backup vocals on \"That's Me Trying\"), Lemon Jelly (on \"Together\"), Henry Rollins, and Adrian Belew (on \"I Can't Get Behind That\"), and Brad Paisley (on \"Real\", which he wrote specifically for Shatner). Henry Rollins also talks about his experience","title":"Has Been"},{"psg_id":"4405272","text":"Bond film (\"Thunderball\") because he thought Polanski \"was a very interesting guy\". According to Polanski in his 1984 autobiography, \"Repulsion\"s executive producer Michael Klinger \"protested that Gil Taylor was one of the most expensive cameramen in the business, but I held out for Taylor and I got him\". Taylor said his \"aim was to get a stronger negative and good shadows in the final print. The shadows are what make good movies\". Their collaboration continued with \"Cul-de-sac\" (1966) and \"Macbeth\" (1971), the third and last film he shot with Polanski. According to Ronald Bergan, \"although shot in colour\", \"Macbeth\", \"is","title":"Gilbert Taylor"},{"psg_id":"19945890","text":"Has-Been Heroes Has-Been Heroes is an action video game developed by Frozenbyte and published by GameTrust. The game was released on 28 March 2017 in North America and in Europe and Australia on 4 April 2017 on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, and Xbox One. This game is Gamestop exclusive and was only sold through Gamestop stores at launch. \"Has-Been Heroes\" is an action, strategy video game with roguelike elements. The game features a mixture of turn-based strategy and real-time strategy mechanics. \"Has-Been Heroes\" is being developed by Frozenbyte and published by GameTrust. The game was announced in January","title":"Has-Been Heroes"},{"psg_id":"17901341","text":"Taylor Steele (filmmaker) Taylor Steele was born on 7 June 1972. Steele has been involved in the surf film industry for over two decades. He has won awards as both director and producer. His production company, Poor Specimen, has launched the careers of some of surfing’s most influential figures and has played a role in the success of bands such as Blink-182, Pennywise, and Jack Johnson, who were introduced in Steele's early movies. In 1992, Steele released a 35-minute VHS film entitled Momentum. The film showcases a blend of punk rock music and surfing. In his early career Steele collaborated","title":"Taylor Steele (filmmaker)"},{"psg_id":"2652358","text":"stars, World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Philippine Liberation Medal with one bronze star and the Submarine Warfare insignia. In November 1945, he directed a fleet of nearly 200 surplus Army and Navy ships, manned by Japanese crews, that evacuated the first of nearly six million Japanese from Manchuria, Formosa, and islands in the Pacific. Momsen served on the Navy General Board from June 1947 until May 1948. He served as Assistant Chief of Naval Operations for Undersea Warfare from 1948 to 1951, then became Commander of the Submarine Force's Pacific Fleet. Vice","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"2652350","text":"lung's gas mixtures under high pressure. At depths greater than , on pure oxygen, and , on air, the oxygen turns toxic. Underwater, breathing air, nitrogen enters the blood, then tissues, and below may cause euphoria commonly called \"nitrogen narcosis\". Also, divers who ascend too rapidly can get decompression sickness, commonly known as \"the bends,\" which happens when nitrogen in the blood forms bubbles. These bubbles can block blood flow and cause intense pain, even death. In experiments often performed by Momsen himself, the team replaced the nitrogen with nontoxic helium and mixed it with varying levels of oxygen depending","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"16377617","text":"such as Latin, French and English to an extent that he was able to study treatments on mathematics, astronomy and other natural sciences at home. But he also learned about philosophy, geography and the trade of making clocks. At the same time he began to construct small mechanical devices, scaled models and instruments. In 1753 he took up work as a surveyor in Ditmarsh where he was also able to sell some of his self-made instruments. When his father Momme died, Hans Momsen inherited the farm and took up his father's post as dykemaster. He married a local farmer's daughter","title":"Hans Momsen"},{"psg_id":"17901349","text":"film, PROXIMITY, a visceral portrait of modern surfing. The film follows eight of the world's best surfers - four legends and four rising stars - as they search for new waves and deeper understanding in exotic destinations. Starring Kelly Slater, Rob Machado, Shane Dorian, Dave Rastovich, John John Florence, Craig Anderson, Steph Gilmore and Albee Layer. In 2014 Steele was named Fast Company (magazine) 100 Most Creative in Business Taylor Steele currently lives in New York and directs films, Virtual Reality movies and commercials. Taylor Steele (filmmaker) Taylor Steele was born on 7 June 1972. Steele has been involved in","title":"Taylor Steele (filmmaker)"},{"psg_id":"19945891","text":"2017. It launched on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, and Xbox One on 28 March 2017. \"Has-Been Heroes\" received \"mixed or average reviews\" from professional critics according to review aggregator website Metacritic. While the game received praise for its combat system, criticism was directed at its repetitive gameplay and high difficulty level. Has-Been Heroes Has-Been Heroes is an action video game developed by Frozenbyte and published by GameTrust. The game was released on 28 March 2017 in North America and in Europe and Australia on 4 April 2017 on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, and Xbox One. This","title":"Has-Been Heroes"},{"psg_id":"13462882","text":"by the benevolent Dr. Jekyll on one hand and the evil Mr. Hyde on the other to describe how chemists and chemistry are portrayed in the movies. There are 10 chapters, the first five of which have dark chemical themes and the second five of which have bright chemical themes. The chapter titles are: According to several reviews, the book's strength is when it explores what might be the real chemicals that inspired the fictional compounds found in certain movies. ReAction! Chemistry in the Movies ReAction! Chemistry in the Movies (2009, ) is a nonfiction book about movies, chemistry, and","title":"ReAction! Chemistry in the Movies"},{"psg_id":"16658474","text":"\"The Whistler\". Taylor wrote on six Crime Doctor and two Whistler movies. From 1941 to 1946, Taylor also contributed to six Universal monster movies, including entries in the Frankenstein and Dracula series. He wrote two Dick Tracy movies for RKO Pictures in 1945 and 1947. In the 1950s he returned to Republic Pictures where he wrote six more movies, five of which were Westerns. Little is known of Taylor's personal life. He was born in Chicago in 1897 and died in 1952 in San Francisco of a heart attack while on vacation with his wife. Eric Taylor (screenwriter) Eric Taylor","title":"Eric Taylor (screenwriter)"},{"psg_id":"2652342","text":"the Academy, received it, repeated his plebe year, and graduated in 1919 — one year early, due to the involvement of the United States in World War I. From 1919 to 1921, Momsen served on the battleship \"Oklahoma\" (BB-37). In 1921, he entered the Submarine School in New London, Connecticut, graduating in January 1922. 18 months later, he took command of the submarine \"O-15\" (SS-76). A few years later, he was given command of \"S-1\" (SS-105), one of the newest US Navy designed submarines of that time. It was aboard \"S-1\" Momsen's attention became drawn to the urgent need for","title":"Charles Momsen"},{"psg_id":"5830515","text":"actress in her early twenties, Norton posed nude for the August 1985 issue of \"Playboy\" in a bid to shed her wholesome \"family\" image. In 1991, Norton married Randy Apostle. They had one son, Devin, before divorcing in 2001. Norton is married to Robert Graves. Norton has been writing, directing and starring in movies and theater. She is also a singer. An avid athlete, Norton has participated in competitive horse jumping and skydiving in addition to skiing and tennis. Her CD \"Reflections\" was scheduled for release in August 2016. Judy Norton Taylor Judy Norton-Taylor (born January 29, 1958) is an","title":"Judy Norton Taylor"},{"psg_id":"13519504","text":"Houston. In 2006 he covered the investigation into a $70 million embezzlement by the chief financial officer of a Texas contract drilling company. And, also in 2006, Taylor covered one of the criminal trials of former Enron chief executive Ken Lay. Despite his lengthy journalism career, Taylor likely has received more notoriety for a well-publicized attempt on his life that occurred in 1980 while working as a reporter for \"The Houston Post\". The story of the events leading to that attempt has been optioned twice for treatment as movies, recreated on television, reported widely in newspaper and magazine articles and","title":"Gary Taylor (journalist)"},{"psg_id":"5759367","text":"such as \"Starhunter 2300\", \"1-800-Missing\", \"\", \"Martial Law\", \"Power Play\", and \"Animorphs\". She also appeared in movies, such as \"Leaving Metropolis\" released to theatres in 2002, and the 2003 TV movie \"Do or Die\". She graduated from The University of Toronto with a specialization in Archaeology. She studied voice at The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto and dance at the \"Randolph Academy for the Performing Arts\", also in Toronto. Cherilee Taylor Cherilee Taylor (born Cherilee Lynn Garofano on October 17, 1973) is a TV and movie actress who has been a series regular on the Canadian soap opera \"Paradise","title":"Cherilee Taylor"},{"psg_id":"3968102","text":"while recording the song \"I Can't Get Behind That\" with Shatner on his spoken-word album \"Talk Is Cheap Vol IV\" and in his live spoken-word video, \"Shock and Awe\". In 2007, a ballet called \"Common People\", set to \"Has Been\", was created by Margo Sappington (of \"Oh! Calcutta!\" fame) and performed by the Milwaukee Ballet. Shatner attended the première and had the event filmed. This footage became \"William Shatner's Gonzo Ballet\", a feature film with a well received world première at the Nashville Film Festival on 17 April 2009. The documentary also features interviews with William Shatner, Ben Folds, and","title":"Has Been"},{"psg_id":"15355027","text":"opposed to ABC, NBC and CBS, Fox aired its movies primarily on Tuesday nights at 7:00 Eastern, though sometimes due to a news broadcast or game, the day of a broadcast might have been changed. Announcing of opening credits and bumpers for NBC Saturday Night at the Movies was handled mainly out of NBC's Burbank studios. For years, the main announcer was Don Stanley. In later years, he alternated with Donald Rickles, Peggy Taylor and Victor Bozeman. Near the end of Saturday Night at the Movies' run, opening credits (for the series, not for the films themselves) would be handled","title":"NBC Saturday Night at the Movies"},{"psg_id":"14557269","text":"would be back sooner than anticipated. Szohr appeared in the season premiere. Taylor Momsen began filming her scenes on August 30, 2010. Taylor Momsen appears in one episode titled \"Easy J\" which aired October 25, 2010, and will return in full series regular status for the second half of the season. It had also been confirmed that Tate Donovan, who previously worked with show's developers Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage in \"The O.C.\", would be directing an episode scheduled to air in November 2010. The first two episodes of the season take place in Paris. The Airborne Toxic Event made","title":"Gossip Girl (season 4)"},{"psg_id":"12478703","text":"the Crowd\" had not been released on either of J-Live's previous albums. Always Has Been Always Has Beenis the first EP released by indie hip hop artist J-Live, released in 2003 on the label Triple Threat Productions. It is an EP and consists of six songs recorded early in J-Live's career, prior to the release of his first album The Best Part. It was released simultaneously as Always Will Be, another EP by J-Live, which is made up of eight new tracks. The tracks \"Braggin Writes\" and \"Schools In\" were rerecorded for The Best Part, but here they appear in","title":"Always Has Been"},{"psg_id":"7019815","text":"What I've Been Looking For \"What I've Been Looking For\" is a song from the Disney Channel Original Movie \"High School Musical\" (2006). The song was written and produced by Andy Dodd and Adam Watts, and it was included on the film soundtrack of the same name. Ashley Tisdale and Lucas Grabeel sing it in a fast tempo. A reprise version, titled \"What I've Been Looking For (Reprise)\" was also recorded, but in a slow tempo. It is credited to be performed by Zac Efron and Vanessa Hudgens, although Efron vocals were mixed with those of Drew Seeley. \"What I've","title":"What I've Been Looking For"},{"psg_id":"6748435","text":"Star Movies Star Movies is an Asian movie channel owned by Fox Networks Group and STAR TV, subsidiaries of 21st Century Fox. Star Movies now has been rebranded to Fox Movies Premium on 1 January 2012, Fox Movies in the Philippines on 10 June 2017 and Fox Movies in Vietnam on 1 November 2017, therefore affecting its broadcast areas, except in India, China, Middle East, and Taiwan. Star Movies was launched on 12 May 1993, replacing BBC World when it was removed from STAR TV because of political reasons. At that time, it screened both Hollywood and Chinese movies and","title":"Star Movies"},{"psg_id":"7496623","text":"of the band's albums had been revitalized by \"In the Dark\". Like its predecessor compilation, it has achieved Platinum sales certification (in 2001). What a Long Strange Trip It's Been What a Long Strange Trip It's Been is the second compilation album by the Grateful Dead. It was released August 18, 1977 by Warner Bros. Records, three years after the \"\" compilation. Both albums are subtitled \"The Best of the Grateful Dead\". Unlike the previous compilation, \"What a Long Strange Trip It's Been\" is a double album. After the Grateful Dead had completed their contract with Warner Bros. and begun","title":"What a Long Strange Trip It's Been"},{"psg_id":"16173844","text":"12, 2017, the HD channel was converted into Philippine feed during independence day of the Philippines but the Asia feed will continue to broadcast via live streaming on a subscription-based FOX+ which is available to Cignal, Globe, Smart and PLDT Home subscribers and it's with Chinese subtitles on their movies (along with Fox Family Movies and Fox Action Movies). On January 1, 2012, Star Movies HD was rebranded as Fox Movies Premium HD in selected Asian territories where Star Movies has been renamed to Fox Movies Premium. On June 10, 2017, Fox Movies Premium HD has been renamed itself as","title":"Fox Movies (Southeast Asia)"},{"psg_id":"13767563","text":"What Might Have Been \"What Might Have Been\" is a song recorded by American country music group Little Texas. It was released in May 1993 as the lead-off single from their second (and breakthrough) album, \"Big Time\". It was written by the band's lead guitarist Porter Howell, rhythm guitarist Dwayne O'Brien, and keyboardist and vocalist Brady Seals. The song reached number 2 on the \"Billboard\"s Hot Country Songs chart and number 11 on the Canadian \"RPM\" country Tracks chart in 1993. It is one of their best known songs, peaking at number 16 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart.","title":"What Might Have Been"},{"psg_id":"11130248","text":"Cult Movies (book) Cult Movies is a 1981 book by Danny Peary, consisting of a series of essays regarding what Peary described as the 100 most representative examples of the cult film phenomenon. The films are presented in alphabetical order, with each chapter featuring a story synopsis for the covered title, Peary’s response to the film, production and release details, and a brief selection of contemporary critical reviews. In the book’s foreword, Peary notes that out of the thousands of movies that have been made, “only an extremely small number have elicited a fiery passion in moviegoers that exists long","title":"Cult Movies (book)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186839\",\n \"text\": \"Taylor Momsen Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American musician, singer, model, and former actress. She is known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series \\\"Gossip Girl\\\" (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film \\\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\\\" (2000). She is also known for being the lead singer and frontwoman of the American rock band The Pretty Reckless. Momsen was born in St. Louis, Missouri. Her parents are Michael and Collette Momsen and she has a younger sister, Sloane Momsen, who is also an actress. She has Russian ancestry.\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186853\",\n \"text\": \"material for the third Pretty Reckless album. On September 29, 2016, the band released the single \\\"Take Me Down\\\", which reached number two on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Chart. The third album, \\\"Who You Selling For\\\" was released in October 2016. Taylor Momsen Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American musician, singer, model, and former actress. She is known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series \\\"Gossip Girl\\\" (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film \\\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\\\" (2000). She is also known for being the lead singer\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186850\",\n \"text\": \"call going, 'Did you write a song for Heidi Montag'? And I'm like, 'What?'\\\". The track was later included on Montag's debut studio album \\\"Superficial\\\" (2010). On July 27, 2011, Momsen announced that the band would be the supporting act for Evanescence during the fall of 2011. Throughout 2012, Momsen and her band toured North America; the second headlining tour, titled the Medicine Tour, began in March 2012 and culminated with supporting dates for Marilyn Manson's 2012 world tour Hey Cruel World... Tour. Momsen also appeared as guest vocalist on the first track of ex Ministry member Paul Barker's 2012\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186845\",\n \"text\": \"2010 fashion line \\\"Material Girl\\\", Momsen was announced on July 15, 2010. A week later, Momsen was announced as the model for John Galliano's new women's fragrance, scheduled to launch in autumn 2010. In 2010, she appeared in a video for Galliano's \\\"Parlez-Moi d'Amour\\\" fragrance ad campaign. Momsen is the face of Samantha Thavasa's handbag line. She has done multiple photoshoots, press events, and commercials. Momsen appeared on the cover of \\\"Page Six Magazine\\\" when she was 15 years old in 2009. She also appeared on the February 2010 cover of \\\"Seventeen\\\". In October 2010, Momsen wore a pair of\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186846\",\n \"text\": \"platform stilettos, thigh-high stockings, and a holster strapped around her leg for \\\"Revolver\\\". She appeared on the cover of \\\"FHM\\\"'s March 2012 edition and \\\"FHM\\\" ranked Momsen #29 in its 2012 Hot 100 issue. She also made her cover debut for \\\"Maxim\\\" in the November 2013 issue. Momsen has said that \\\"music is where I can be me\\\", stating that \\\"acting is easy. I've been doing it for so long and I totally love it. But you're playing a character instead of yourself. Music is more personal because you're writing it and you're involved in every step of it.\\\" At\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186849\",\n \"text\": \"been in the movie \\\"Kick-ass\\\" as well as shows like \\\"The Vampire Diaries\\\" and \\\"Gossip Girl\\\". Television personality Heidi Montag recorded \\\"Blackout\\\", a song written by Momsen. According to Momsen, she wrote the song when she was 8 years old and recorded it as a demo with a producer. Montag released the song as a digital only single, with the music video being directed by her husband Spencer Pratt. Momsen commented about the recording: \\\"I'm like, okay, dude, you're singing an 8-year-old's words, but that's cool. It's so funny because I didn't shop it or anything and I get this\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186852\",\n \"text\": \"first week. The success of the record saw Taylor, along with the rest of the band, break records when they became the first female-fronted band to reach No. 1 on the rock radio charts with its first two singles: \\\"Heaven Knows\\\" in March 2014 and \\\"Fucked Up World\\\" in September 2014. The Pretty Reckless also spent the majority of late 2013 throughout 2014 on tour supporting \\\"Going To Hell\\\". In 2014, her band also supported Fall Out Boy in their European leg of the Save Rock n Roll Tour along with New Politics. Throughout 2015, Momsen continued to record new\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186841\",\n \"text\": \"real life.\\\" She began acting professionally at three years of age in a 1997 national commercial for Shake 'n Bake. She was then cast in \\\"The Prophet's Game\\\". Momsen is included on the list of Unclaimed Coogan accounts for performing children whose partial childhood earnings are mandated to be put in a special fund but who have yet to claim their earnings. Momsen attended the Professional Performing Arts School in Manhattan for high school alongside Connor Paolo, Gregori Lukas, and Sarah Hyland. In 2000, Momsen played the role of Cindy Lou Who in Dr. Seuss' \\\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186847\",\n \"text\": \"5 years old, Momsen recorded the song \\\"Christmas, Why Can't I Find You?\\\" for the soundtrack to \\\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\\\". In 2002, she recorded the songs \\\"One Small Voice\\\" and \\\"Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer\\\" for the compilation album \\\"School's Out! Christmas\\\". In March 2009, Momsen stated in an interview with \\\"OK!\\\" magazine that her band The Pretty Reckless had signed a deal with Interscope Records. She played her first tour with her band opening for The Veronicas on their Revenge Is Sweeter Tour in spring 2009. After the tour, Momsen began working with guitarist Ben Phillips, who would\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186844\",\n \"text\": \"a regular cast member after the completion of the fourth season in 2011. On August 16, 2011, Momsen told \\\"Elle\\\" magazine that she had quit acting to focus on her music career. On October 16, 2012, it was reported that Momsen would be returning to \\\"Gossip Girl\\\" for its final episode, in which she appeared briefly in the wedding sequence. In June 2008, at the age of fourteen, Momsen signed to IMG Models. She was the face of British fashion chain New Look for its spring/summer 2010 collection. After weeks of speculation about who would be the face of Madonna's\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186848\",\n \"text\": \"soon join the band. Momsen subsequently swapped out her former bandmates. She co-writes songs with Phillips; in addition to lead vocals, Momsen also plays rhythm guitar. The band's debut album \\\"Light Me Up\\\" was released on August 30, 2010 in the UK, where it debuted at number 6, as well as at number 18 in Ireland. The first single \\\"Make Me Wanna Die\\\" was released on May 30, 2010, while the second single \\\"Miss Nothing\\\" which was released on August 23, 2010 peaked at number 39. \\\"Just Tonight\\\" was released as the album's third single. Songs from this album have\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16377619\",\n \"text\": \"can still be seen today at the entrance to the church house. Numerous of his astronomical tools are preserved and are on display in museums in the area. His skills are cited in Theodor Storm's novella \\\"Der Schimmelreiter\\\" where Hans Mommsen, a builder of \\\"chronometers, telescopes and organs\\\" is cited. While Hans Mommsen is only a supporting character in the novella the real Momsen is said to have been Storm's inspiration for the protagonist Hauke Haien. Each year since 1986 the Nordfriesland district awards the \\\"Hans-Momsen-Preis\\\" for outstanding cultural merits in North Frisia. Hans Momsen Hans Momsen (born 23 October\",\n \"title\": \"Hans Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18571648\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Momsen Robert Edward \\\"Bob\\\" Momsen (May 28, 1929 - May 25, 2010) was an American football player. He was a first-team All-American at Ohio State in 1950. Momsen was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1929. He was the son of Rose and Anton Momsen, Sr., and the younger brother of Tony Momsen. Momsen and his brother Tony both attended Libbey High School. Brother Tony attended the University of Michigan, while Bob attended Ohio State University. Both brothers played college football and became adversaries in the Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry. Bob Momsen played at the guard and linebacker positions for\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18571644\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Momsen Robert Edward \\\"Bob\\\" Momsen (May 28, 1929 - May 25, 2010) was an American football player. He was a first-team All-American at Ohio State in 1950. Momsen was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1929. He was the son of Rose and Anton Momsen, Sr., and the younger brother of Tony Momsen. Momsen and his brother Tony both attended Libbey High School. Brother Tony attended the University of Michigan, while Bob attended Ohio State University. Both brothers played college football and became adversaries in the Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry. Bob Momsen played at the guard and linebacker positions for\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3358717\",\n \"text\": \"in the Sea of Japan. \\\"Momsen\\\" operated with Carrier Strike Group Five during the Talisman Sabre and SAREX exercises. \\\"Momsen\\\" also paid port visits to Indonesia, Japan, Saipan, Australia. On 22 August 2013, \\\"Momsen\\\" returned to Naval Station Everett, Washington, after a four-month underway period as part of the U.S. Seventh Fleet. In 2018, \\\"Momsen\\\" made a port call to Anchorage. USS Momsen USS \\\"Momsen\\\" (DDG-92) is an in service with the United States Navy. \\\"Momsen\\\" is the twenty-sixth destroyer of the \\\"Arleigh Burke\\\" class to be built by Bath Iron Works. She is named after Vice Admiral Charles B.\",\n \"title\": \"USS Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3358712\",\n \"text\": \"USS Momsen USS \\\"Momsen\\\" (DDG-92) is an in service with the United States Navy. \\\"Momsen\\\" is the twenty-sixth destroyer of the \\\"Arleigh Burke\\\" class to be built by Bath Iron Works. She is named after Vice Admiral Charles B. \\\"Swede\\\" Momsen of Flushing, Queens, New York (1896–1967). Vice Admiral Momsen made many contributions to the navy such as the invention of the Momsen Lung when he was assigned to the Bureau of Construction and Repair. Momsen was also involved in the first successful rescue of a crew of a sunken submarine, , and subsequently supervised the salvage of the boat.\",\n \"title\": \"USS Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186840\",\n \"text\": \"She was raised Roman Catholic and attended Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School for elementary school and later Herbert Hoover Middle School in Potomac, Maryland but is now non-religious. She also studied dance at the Center of Creative Arts in St. Louis. Momsen was signed with Ford Models at a very young age: \\\"My parents signed me up with Ford [Modeling] at the age of 2. No 2-year-old wants to be working, but I had no choice. My whole life, I was in and out of school. I didn't have friends. I was working constantly and I didn't have a\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5186851\",\n \"text\": \"album \\\"Fix This\\\". On November 30, 2012, it was announced that The Pretty Reckless' fourth single \\\"Kill Me\\\" would be released on December 11. The track was the last song to be featured in the \\\"Gossip Girl\\\" series finale. Momsen cites Kurt Cobain, The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, The Who, Pink Floyd, AC/DC, Marilyn Manson, Oasis, and Shirley Manson of Garbage as some of her personal influences. \\\"Going to Hell\\\" was released on March 18, 2014. The release marked the band's largest sales week to date and landed at #5 on the Billboard 200 with over 35,000 copies sold in its\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587389\",\n \"text\": \"lines: What Kind of Day Has It Been \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" is the 22nd episode of \\\"The West Wing\\\", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series \\\"Sports Night\\\" and \\\"Studio\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587380\",\n \"text\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" is the 22nd episode of \\\"The West Wing\\\", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series \\\"Sports Night\\\" and \\\"Studio 60\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652359\",\n \"text\": \"Admiral Momsen died of cancer on May 25, 1967. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The 42nd \\\"Arleigh Burke\\\"-class guided missile destroyer, \\\"Momsen\\\" (DDG-92) is named in his honor. Momsen Hall, the 75-man Bachelor Officer Quarters at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC), Andros Island, Bahamas, was named in his honor in 1969. On November 10, 2009, the U.S. Navy's newest trainer, the Submarine Escape Trainer, was named in honor of Admiral Momsen in ceremonies at the New London Submarine Base. Charles Momsen Charles Bowers Momsen (June 21, 1896 – May 25, 1967), nicknamed \\\"Swede\\\", was born\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652341\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Momsen Charles Bowers Momsen (June 21, 1896 – May 25, 1967), nicknamed \\\"Swede\\\", was born in Flushing, New York. He was an American pioneer in submarine rescue for the United States Navy, and he invented the underwater escape device later called the \\\"Momsen lung\\\", for which he received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal in 1929. In May 1939, Momsen directed the rescue of the crew of \\\"Squalus\\\" (SS-192). Momsen entered the U.S. Naval Academy in 1914, but he was dismissed after a widespread cheating scandal during the spring of his first year there. However, Momsen pursued another appointment to\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16377615\",\n \"text\": \"Hans Momsen Hans Momsen (born 23 October 1735, Fahretoft – 13 September 1811, ibidem) was a North Frisian farmer, mathematician and astronomer. Entirely without university studies he was able to solve complicated mathematical calculations and to construct astronomical devices, chronometers and other apparatus. He gave lessons in mathematics to gifted students. Moreover, he worked as a surveyor and built an organ for the church of Fahretoft. He is considered a polymath. Hans Momsen lived on a small farmstead in Fahretoft, Duchy of Schleswig, now a part of the Dagebüll municipality in Germany. His grandfather had been a navigation teacher in\",\n \"title\": \"Hans Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15739743\",\n \"text\": \"April 3, 1944, the firm adopted the name of . Momsen was married in 1921 to Dorothea Harnecker. Together, they had four children (Richard Jr., Alicia, William and Beatrice). A scholarship at George Washington University School of Law was established in 1964 by the law firm Momsen, Leonardos & Cia and the estate of Richard P. Momsen, to support Brazilian law students or law graduates to study U.S. law. Richard Momsen and Dorothea Harnecker Momsen deeded the Momsen Preserve as protected land. The preserve is located in Cross River New York. See Protected.Planet.net (www.protectedplanet.net/sites/Richard_Momsen_City_Preserve_Or_Natural_Area) Richard Paul Momsen Richard Paul Momsen\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Paul Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10743393\",\n \"text\": \"Angeles Rams in the fifth round of the 1951 NFL Draft. He signed with the Rams in July 1951, but he was traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers before the 1951 NFL season started. Momsen appeared in 11 games, all as a backup for the 1951 Steelers. In August 1952, Momsen was traded to the Washington Redskins. Momsen appeared in two games for the 1952 Redskins before being released on October 7, 1952. In 1953, Momsen played for the Calgary Stampeders of the Western Interprovincial Football League. In 1954, Momsen was in the Toronto Argonauts organization. He quit the Argonauts in\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10743390\",\n \"text\": \"withdrew from school. He entered the military. He also married and had two children. In 1947, he played football for Bob Snyder's Grills in the City Federation football league. In the winter of 1949, Momsen returned to the University of Michigan. Momsen played center and linebacker for the 1949 and 1950 Michigan football teams. Momsen is most remembered for his role in the famed 1950 Snow Bowl game against Ohio State. The game matched Momsen against his younger brother, Robert \\\"Buckeye Bob\\\" Momsen, who was a starter for Ohio State. The game was played in a blizzard, with weather conditions\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3358713\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Momsen\\\"s keel was laid on 16 November 2001. She was launched on 19 July 2003, sponsored by the Admiral Momsen's daughter, Evelyn Momsen Hailey. \\\"Momsen\\\" was commissioned on 28 August 2004, at Panama City, Florida. As of 2008, \\\"Momsen\\\" is serving in the Pacific Fleet, homeported in NAVSTA Everett, Washington, and recently assigned to Destroyer Squadron 21 out of San Diego. The construction of \\\"Momsen\\\" and sister ship , from initial steelcutting to sea trials, was documented on the Discovery Channel television special \\\"Destroyer: Forged in Steel\\\". The destroyers were not referenced by name, but their numbers were visible on\",\n \"title\": \"USS Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4782544\",\n \"text\": \"escape without breathing devices and discovered ascent was possible from as deep as : \\\"in one sense, the Momsen Lung concept may have killed far more submariners than it rescued\\\". Momsen lung The Momsen lung was a primitive underwater rebreather used before and during World War II by American submariners as emergency escape gear. The Momsen lung was invented by Charles B. Momsen (nicknamed \\\"Swede\\\"). Submariners would train in an deep Escape Training Tank at New London, Mare Island , or Pearl Harbor using this apparatus. It was first introduced as standard equipment on \\\"Porpoise\\\" (P)-class and \\\"Salmon\\\"-class boats. The\",\n \"title\": \"Momsen lung\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15739740\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Paul Momsen Richard Paul Momsen (1891 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin – 1965 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was an American/Brazilian lawyer who served as Consul General for the United States in Rio de Janeiro (1918–1919) and founder of the American Chambers of Commerce for Brazil. Momsen was the second son of William Momsen, a native of Wisconsin, and Mary Momsen, a German immigrant. He received his LLB degree from George Washington University in 1912, and in 1913 traveled to Brazil in the service of the American consulate. While serving in this American consulate, in 1916 Momsen helped found the American\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Paul Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16911311\",\n \"text\": \"Evelyn Momsen Hailey Evelyn Clare Momsen Hailey (April 21, 1921 – March 29, 2011) was an American politician. A Democrat, she served in the Virginia House of Delegates 1974–1982 and the Senate of Virginia 1982–1984, while living in the city of Norfolk. Evelyn Clare Momsen was born April 21, 1921 to Charles B. \\\"Swede\\\" Momsen (1896–1967), a United States Navy officer assigned to the battleship , and Anna Lyles Momsen (née Offutt) (d. 1953). Shortly after Evelyn's birth, her father transferred to submarine duty; he became known for his work in underwater rescue techniques, including development of the Momsen lung.\",\n \"title\": \"Evelyn Momsen Hailey\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10743388\",\n \"text\": \"Tony Momsen Anton Henry \\\"Tony\\\" Momsen, Jr. (January 29, 1928 – March 6, 1994) was an American football center in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of Michigan in 1945, 1949 and 1950, and is most remembered for scoring the winning touchdown in the 1950 Snow Bowl game between Michigan and Ohio State. Momsen was born in Toledo, Ohio in 1928. He was the son of Rose and Anton Momsen, Sr. He attended Toledo's Libbey High School where he was a star athlete in football, basketball and\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18571646\",\n \"text\": \"on the other side of the field and in the hands of Ohio State. The Buckeyes scored when Vic Janowicz kicked a field goal after Bob Momsen recovered a blocked Wolverine kick. With 47 seconds remaining in the first half, Tony Momsen blocked a Janowicz punt and fell on the ball in the end zone for a touchdown. The Wolverines won by a final score of 9-3. Bob Momsen later recalled, \\\"Two brothers got more publicity for playing in a terrible football game than anyone ever deserves.\\\" Both Momsen brothers went on to play in the National Football League (NFL).\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16377618\",\n \"text\": \"with whom he had nine children. Momsen used to bind books, made woodcuts, copper etchings, and drew landscape portraits as well as blueprints for buildings. One of his local students became a professor of mathematics at University of Copenhagen, he used to send his manuscripts to Momsen for peer review before publishing them. During a visit in Copenhagen, Momsen met a number of scientists and philosophers including Johannes Nikolaus Tetens. Hans Momsen died in 1811 in his native village Fahretoft. Hans Momsen's organ was only played during a single year in the Fahretoft church but a sundial made by him\",\n \"title\": \"Hans Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10743392\",\n \"text\": \"touchdown was remembered as \\\"the hero of a brilliant forward wall.\\\" Bob Momsen later recalled, \\\"Two brothers got more publicity for playing in a terrible football game than anyone ever deserves.\\\" The win over Ohio State sent Michigan to the 1951 Rose Bowl against California. In the lead-up to the Rose Bowl, the Los Angeles Times gave credit to linement Roger Zatkoff and Momsen for leading Michigan's defense: \\\"Zatkoff and Tony Momsen, the other backer-upper in Michigan's usual six-man line defense, are the main reasons why Michigan topped the Big Ten in throttling opponents.\\\" Momsen was selected by the Los\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652348\",\n \"text\": \"in the East China Sea. The Momsen lung was eventually supplemented by the Steinke hood and free-ascent techniques. Momsen returned to his diving bell idea in 1930. He built a prototype, constructed from a water-tight aircraft hangar pirated from \\\"S-1\\\" and tested it off Key West, Florida. Momsen stated the bell was unstable, tipped, and leaked, and had several changes in mind for the diving bell, but was sent to the Bureau of Construction and Repair to teach submariners how to use the Momsen lung before he could make the changes. He charged Lieutenant Commander Al McCann to make the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10743394\",\n \"text\": \"August 1954 after being told he would play for the Argonauts' farm team. After retiring from football, Momsen worked as a cement contractor and built customized golf clubs. He lived in Sunrise, Florida for the last 25 years of his life. In March 1994, he died at Riverside Methodist Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, due to complications following hip replacement surgery. Three weeks after Momsen's death, Libbey High School announced that Momsen would be included among the initial inductess into the Libbey High School Hall of Fame. Tony Momsen Anton Henry \\\"Tony\\\" Momsen, Jr. (January 29, 1928 – March 6, 1994)\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4782541\",\n \"text\": \"Momsen lung The Momsen lung was a primitive underwater rebreather used before and during World War II by American submariners as emergency escape gear. The Momsen lung was invented by Charles B. Momsen (nicknamed \\\"Swede\\\"). Submariners would train in an deep Escape Training Tank at New London, Mare Island , or Pearl Harbor using this apparatus. It was first introduced as standard equipment on \\\"Porpoise\\\" (P)-class and \\\"Salmon\\\"-class boats. The device recycled the breathing gas by using a counterlung containing soda lime to scrub carbon dioxide. The lung was initially filled with oxygen and connected to a mouthpiece via twin\",\n \"title\": \"Momsen lung\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3358714\",\n \"text\": \"their prows. On 6 April 2006, \\\"Momsen\\\" departed Naval Station Everett for her maiden deployment. During the six-month cruise, the ship conducted training and operations throughout Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of responsibility. \\\"Momsen\\\" returned home from a successful maiden deployment on 22 September 2006. \\\"Momsen\\\" departed for her second deployment on 14 March 2008 with Carrier Strike Group Nine. During her deployment, \\\"Momsen\\\" provided critical humanitarian assistance for two foreign vessels, a stranded cargo vessel with engine problems and a former hijacked merchant vessel requiring food, water and medical attention. She returned\",\n \"title\": \"USS Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10743389\",\n \"text\": \"track. In 1944, he was selected as the first-team center on the Associated Press All-Ohio football team. In announcing the selection, the AP quoted an Ohio coach who said, \\\"Momsen was one of the finest linebackers I have ever seen. He diagnoses plays rapidly, is extremely fast and a terrific tackler.\\\" He was also an all-city and all-state basketball player. Momsen enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1945. In November 1945, when Michigan's starting center, Harold Watts, was transferred for additional Navy training, Momsen became a starter at center for the 1945 football team. After the 1945 season, Momsen\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15739741\",\n \"text\": \"Chamber of Commerce in Brazil. In this capacity, Momsen argued for the reduction of taxation of foreign investment groups in Brazil. Momsen furthered his education while in Brazil, graduating from the faculty of legal and social sciences in 1917, being admitted to practice law in Brazil. Upon the death of his predecessor, Alfred Gottschalk, in 1918, Momsen assumed the post of Consul-General in Rio de Janeiro. Upon leaving his post in 1919, Momsen went on to found two separate law firms: one in Rio de Janeiro in partnership with Edmundo Miranda Jordan and Pedro Americo Werneck, another in New York\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Paul Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652349\",\n \"text\": \"changes he wanted and McCann was put in charge of the final revisions on the Momsen / McCann diving bell. When the redesigned diving bell was completed in late 1930, it was introduced as the McCann Submarine Rescue Chamber. The final bell, with the revisions and changes that Momsen authorized, included a floor bulkhead, pneumatic winch and a pressure seal allowing direct transfer of survivors to the diving bell in a dry environment. From 1937 to 1939, Momsen led an experimental deep-sea diving unit at the Washington Navy Yard which achieved a major breakthrough in the physiology of the human\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3358716\",\n \"text\": \"ability to command.\\\" On 28 October 2011, the former commander of \\\"Momsen\\\", Jay Wylie, plead guilty to one count of rape, three counts of aggravated sexual assault and contact, and three counts of conduct unbecoming an officer, and was sentenced by court martial to 42 months imprisonment and loss of all navy benefits. During her 2013 deployment, \\\"Momsen\\\" initially joined Carrier Strike Group Eleven before undertaking independent operations with the U.S. Seventh Fleet. During this deployment, \\\"Momsen\\\" participated in such multilateral naval exercises as CARAT Indonesia 2013 in the Java Sea, Talisman Sabre 2013 in the Coral Sea, and SAREX\",\n \"title\": \"USS Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652356\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Cero\\\". The pack arrived in the East China Sea in October 1943. It proved unable to solve the problems of communication and risk of fratricide, and made only one joint attack on a single convoy, but was credited at the time with sinking five Japanese ships for 88,000 tons and damaging eight others for 63,000 tons between them. (This was reduced to three sunk for 23,500 tons by JANAC postwar.) Momsen also received the Legion of Merit for work on the Navy's wolfpacks from February 1943 to June 1944. Momsen earned a Navy Cross for his efforts. Momsen commanded\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652347\",\n \"text\": \"for the ascent, it also allows a submariner to rise slowly to the surface, thus avoiding embolisms. Between June 1929 and September 1932, Lieutenant Momsen developed the lung along with Chief Gunner's Mate Clarence L. Tibbals and Frank M. Hobson, a civilian employee of the Bureau of Construction and Repair (later the Bureau of Ships). In 1929, Momsen received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for personally testing the device at a depth of . The Momsen lung saved its first lives in October 1944, when eight submariners used it to reach the surface after \\\"Tang\\\" (SS-306) sank in of water\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10743391\",\n \"text\": \"so inclement that Michigan punted on first down for its first two plays from scrimmage, after concluding that the best strategy was to keep the slick ball on the other side of the field and in the hands of Ohio State. The Buckeyes scored when Vic Janowicz kicked a field goal after Robert Momsen recovered a blocked Wolverine kick. With 47 seconds remaining in the first half, Tony Momsen blocked a Janowicz punt and fell on the ball in the end zone for a touchdown. The Wolverines won by a final score of 9-3. Momsen, who scored the game's only\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652351\",\n \"text\": \"on the depth. Today's divers use the knowledge to operate safely deeper than . Momsen, already famous for the invention of his Momsen lung, achieved even more fame for directing the rescue and recovery of the 33 crewmen of the submarine \\\"Squalus\\\", which sank in May 1939 in of water off the Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire. Working from the submarine rescue ship USS \\\"Falcon\\\" (ASR-2), Momsen instructed the team of deep-sea divers as they dived to the submarine and attached cables to the rescue chamber. He also supervised rescue chamber operators as it made four dives to bring the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15739742\",\n \"text\": \"with Leslie E. Freeman. In 1926 he founded another firm, this in the city of São Paulo, named Momsen & Bastos. Subsequently, the Rio de Janeiro firm was divided into two major segments: an intellectual property firm in partnership with Simeon W. Harris and a general law firm in partnership with Raja Gabaglia, Monteiro de Barros and Fernando Velloso. The original legal firm founded by Richard Momsen is considered the first legal firm established in Brazil adopting a corporate structure. The intellectual property firm Momsen & Harris was joined by in 1927. After the death of Simeon W. Harris, in\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Paul Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587387\",\n \"text\": \"Sorkin, Fox later apologized, saying it was her fault for missing her mark. \\\"The West Wing\\\"'s first season finale was nominated for an Emmy award for Outstanding Single Camera Picture Editing for a Series (Tina Hirsch). This was one of two Emmy nominations the series received in this category for 2000, the other being for episode 10, \\\"In Excelsis Deo\\\" (Bill Johnson). In the end the award was won by ER, but Hirsch did win an Eddie Award for Best Edited One-Hour Series for Television. \\\"What Kind of Day Has It Been\\\" was also one of eight episodes submitted for\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587381\",\n \"text\": \"on the Sunset Strip\\\", as well as the series finale of \\\"The Newsroom\\\", all of which were created by Aaron Sorkin. It was also a quote by Leo in the fourth-season episode \\\"Commencement\\\" in the situation room. Sorkin claimed that he took the phrase from Robert Whitehead, lead producer of Sorkin's \\\"A Few Good Men,\\\" who used to start meetings at the end of rehearsal days by asking this question. \\\"What Kind of Day Has it Been\\\" begins with the president attending a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. As the entourage exits the building, Secret Service Agent Gina Toscano\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18571647\",\n \"text\": \"Bob was drafted by the Detroit Lions with the 80th pick in the 1951 NFL Draft and played for the Lions during the 1951 NFL season. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers in the 1952 NFL season. After retiring as a professional football player, Momsen coached football at Northland College in Ashland, Wisconsin, before returning to Toledo in 1956. He coached high school football for 25 years at Libbey, Waite, and Macomber High Schools in Toledo. He was inducted into the Ohio State Athletics Hall of Fame in 2005. Momsen died in Toledo in 2010 at age 80.\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4782543\",\n \"text\": \"the trunk ascents was made without a Momsen lung. Many were unable to leave the trunk or discouraged from attempting an escape. Most of the crew perished. The Momsen lung was replaced by the Steinke hood beginning in 1962. The Royal Navy used a similar device, the Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus, but it was clumsy to use. The Royal Navy later adopted the practice of blow and go, in which the sailor would exhale continuously during ascent to avoid air expanding in the lungs, which could cause them to rupture. Postwar, submariner Walter F. Schlech, Jr., among others, examined submerged\",\n \"title\": \"Momsen lung\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3358715\",\n \"text\": \"home on 13 October 2008 after a seven-month underway period. \\\"Momsen\\\" departed for her third deployment September 2010 with Carrier Strike Group Nine. On 2 February 2011, \\\"Momsen\\\", with the guided-missile cruiser , responded to a distress call from the Panamanian-flag merchant vessel \\\"Duqm\\\" in the Gulf of Oman. Both ships disrupted a pirate attack on \\\"Duqm\\\", tracked the two pirate skiffs back to their mothership, and destroyed the two skiffs to prevent their use in future pirate attacks (\\\"pictured\\\"). The ship's skipper, Commander Jay Wylie, was relieved of command on 27 April 2011 for \\\"loss of confidence in his\",\n \"title\": \"USS Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652357\",\n \"text\": \"the battleship \\\"South Dakota\\\" from December 1944 through August 1945. For his distinguished service in command, Momsen was awarded a Gold Star (with Combat \\\"V\\\"), in lieu of a third award of the Legion of Merit. In addition to the Navy Cross once and the Legion of Merit with two Gold Stars (to show repeat awards) and \\\"V\\\" device, Momsen earned the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Army Distinguished Service Medal, Navy Commendation Medal with \\\"V\\\" device, World War I Victory Medal with escort clasp, American Defense Service Medal with Fleet Clasp, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with four service\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652355\",\n \"text\": \"Navy's first wolfpack. Momsen drilled his captains and their executive officers in tactics, planning to have three boats act in company, one boat making the first attack on a convoy then acting as \\\"trailer\\\", while the other two attacked alternatively on either flank afterward. He also developed a simple code for use on Talk Between Ships (TBS). The pack consisted of Edgar McGregor's \\\"Shad\\\", experienced skipper Dave White's new \\\"Cero\\\", and \\\"Grayback\\\", fresh from refit in Mare Island (and with one of the Submarine Force's first deck gun), under newcomer John Moore. Momsen, without any combat experience, flew his flag\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18571645\",\n \"text\": \"the Ohio State Buckeyes while brother Tony played at the center and linebacker positions for the Michigan Wolverines. Bob Momsen was selected by the Football Writers Association of America as a first-team defensive player and on their 1950 College Football All-America Team. The Momsen brothers are most remembered for their role in the famed 1950 Snow Bowl game between Michigan and Ohio State. The game was played in a blizzard, with weather conditions so inclement that Michigan punted on first down for its first two plays from scrimmage, after concluding that the best strategy was to keep the slick ball\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4782542\",\n \"text\": \"hoses containing one-way valves: one for breathing in and the other for breathing out. The only known emergency use of the Momsen lung is during the escape from on 25 October 1944. Thirteen men (of thirty survivors) left the forward escape trunk: five were picked up by the Japanese; three more reached the surface \\\"but were unable to hang on or breathe and floated off and drowned\\\"; the fate of the other five is unknown. Not all the escapees from the trunk used the Momsen lung. An officer had his mouthpiece knocked out shortly after leaving the submarine. One of\",\n \"title\": \"Momsen lung\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652353\",\n \"text\": \"crewmen from the \\\"Squalus\\\" and the subsequent salvage of the submarine. After her repairs, the \\\"Squalus\\\" was renamed the USS \\\"Sailfish\\\", and the name \\\"Squalus\\\" was never used by the U.S. Navy again. During World War II, Momsen served as Commander, Submarine Squadron 2 (ComSubRon 2) and Commander, Submarine Squadron 4 (ComSubRon 4). While Momsen was ComSubRon 2 in the U.S. Pacific Fleet, captains under his command reported their Mark 14 torpedoes were not functioning properly. When fired from the preferred perpendicular angle of impact, the torpedoes did not always explode. However, when fired to hit at acute angles, the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652352\",\n \"text\": \"submariners to the surface and a fifth to check the flooded aft section for survivors. The fourth dive was marred by a cable jam, and the chamber had to be hauled to the surface by hand over hand pulling by all on board. All 33 surviving crewmen were rescued. 26 men perished. Momsen led the diving operations in the effort to salvage the \\\"Squalus\\\", which took 113 days. She was taken to the drydock at the Portsmouth Navy Yard. Along with Commander McCann, Momsen received a letter of commendation from President Franklin D. Roosevelt for the successful rescue of the\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652346\",\n \"text\": \"Officially called the Submarine Escape Lung, it consisted of an oblong rubber bag that recycled exhaled air. The press enthusiastically received the device and they dubbed it the \\\"Momsen lung\\\", a name that stuck. The Momsen lung contains a canister of soda lime, which removes poisonous carbon dioxide from the exhaled air and then replenishes the air with oxygen. Two tubes lead from the bag to a mouthpiece: one with which to inhale air and the other to with which to exhale spent air. The device hangs around the wearer's neck and is strapped around the waist. Besides providing oxygen\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652343\",\n \"text\": \"a way to rescue trapped submariners. On September 25, 1925, \\\"S-1\\\"s sister ship, \\\"S-51\\\" (SS-162), collided with freighter \\\"City of Rome\\\" in the vicinity of Block Island and sank in of water. Momsen was ordered to take \\\"S-1\\\" to search for the crippled submarine. \\\"S-1\\\" found the oil slick marking the spot where \\\"S-51\\\" had sunk, but without any sonar, there was no way for his crew to locate her on the bottom, nor was there a way for trapped crewmen to escape. Momsen began to look for ways to rescue submariners. He conceived a diving bell, which could be\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16911314\",\n \"text\": \"first 1981 redistricting, which was later overturned in court, the Norfolk House district, renumbered the 37th, was reduced from seven members to five. Hailey was not renominated. In the elections that November, Democratic state Senator Joseph T. Fitzpatrick was elected Norfolk city treasurer, creating a vacancy in the three-member 5th district. Hailey replaced him in a special election on January 13, 1982, defeating Republican Wayne Lustig, 54.3%-46.7%. Hailey served out the balance of Fitzpatrick's term, then retired. Hailey and her husband moved to Williamsburg, Virginia c.1992. She died March 29, 2011. Evelyn Momsen Hailey Evelyn Clare Momsen Hailey (April 21,\",\n \"title\": \"Evelyn Momsen Hailey\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16911312\",\n \"text\": \"He retired as a vice admiral. She had a brother, Charles Jr., who followed his father to the United States Naval Academy. The Momsen family traveled widely on Navy duty. They were stationed at Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack on December 7, 1941. On March 26, 1943, Evelyn Momsen married Robert Hailey, a Navy officer. They had three children, Robert H., Anne and Christopher. Robert Hailey rose to the rank of captain. In 1973, Evelyn Hailey ran for the House of Delegates in Norfolk's seven-member 39th district, along with six incumbent Democrats. She presented the image of \\\"everyone's fifth-grade\",\n \"title\": \"Evelyn Momsen Hailey\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9767495\",\n \"text\": \"Nothing Has Been Proved \\\"Nothing Has Been Proved\\\" is a song and a single release by British singer Dusty Springfield, written and produced by Pet Shop Boys. The song was the second collaboration between Springfield and Pet Shop Boys, following their UK #2 and US #2 hit duet \\\"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\\\" in 1987. \\\"Nothing Has Been Proved\\\" prominently features an orchestral arrangement by Angelo Badalamenti and a soprano saxophone solo by Courtney Pine. Marshall Jefferson provided a dance mix which appeared on the 12\\\" and CD singles. \\\"Nothing Has Been Proved\\\" was produced for the 1989\",\n \"title\": \"Nothing Has Been Proved\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652345\",\n \"text\": \"Momsen's next tour of duty took him to the Submarine Division of the Bureau of Construction and Repair. Shortly after he reported aboard, he came across his diving bell drawings. They had been disapproved as impractical. He stated his case again, but to no avail. Shortly thereafter, in December 1927, another submarine, the \\\"S-4\\\" (SS-109), sank off Cape Cod. All forty of her crew died. Six sailors survived three days in the forward torpedo room, but had no way to escape. After the \\\"S-4\\\" incident, Momsen began working on a device to help trapped submariners escape safely to the surface.\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652344\",\n \"text\": \"lowered to a submarine in distress, mated to an escape hatch, and opened to allow trapped submariners to climb in. A watertight seal to the submarine could be achieved by placing a rubber gasket around the diving bell's bottom and reducing the air pressure once the bell was over the escape hatch. Then, the hatch could be opened, and the trapped submariners could climb aboard. Momsen diagrammed his idea and sent it up the chain of command. He waited more than a year for a response, heard nothing, and concluded there must have been something technically wrong with the concept.\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13767566\",\n \"text\": \"turns out to be his long, lost love, Clarice. As they reunite, the video flashes back to the younger Clarice and Nathan sharing a kiss. This version has been played on CMT, TNN and GAC, as well as CMT's sister channel, Pure Country. \\\"What Might Have Been\\\" debuted at number 72 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 29, 1993. What Might Have Been \\\"What Might Have Been\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Little Texas. It was released in May 1993 as the lead-off single from their second (and\",\n \"title\": \"What Might Have Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6586120\",\n \"text\": \"album developed deeper into production. The album was also influenced by the 1994 film \\\"Fresh\\\", In the song \\\"Lil' Boy Fresh\\\" he loosely summarizes the story from beginning to end. In the United States, \\\"What the Game's Been Missing!\\\" debuted at #9 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, selling 141,000 copies in its first week. As of January 3, 2006, the album has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for selling 500,000 copies. As of October 2015 the album has sold 1,250,000 copies and gained platinum stats. What the Game's Been Missing! What the Game's Been Missing!\",\n \"title\": \"What the Game's Been Missing!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20416049\",\n \"text\": \"lyric video has garnered over 55 million views. Swift performed an acoustic version of \\\"Call It What You Want\\\" during a SiriusXM Fishbowl session on November 10, 2017. A day later, Swift performed an acoustic version of the song again during an episode of the 43rd season of \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\", alongside \\\"...Ready for It?\\\". The song is also a regular part of her setlist for the Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour. Call It What You Want (Taylor Swift song) \\\"Call It What You Want\\\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her sixth studio album \\\"Reputation\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Call It What You Want (Taylor Swift song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11130250\",\n \"text\": \"in particular that the average moviegoer and critic have missed – the something that makes the pictures extraordinary.” The book has been reprinted several times, most recently in 1998 by Gramercy Books (). Two sequels were published, \\\"Cult Movies 2\\\" (1983, Dell, ) and \\\"Cult Movies 3\\\" (1988, Fireside, ), with each book reviewing fifty additional cult films. Cult Movies (book) Cult Movies is a 1981 book by Danny Peary, consisting of a series of essays regarding what Peary described as the 100 most representative examples of the cult film phenomenon. The films are presented in alphabetical order, with each\",\n \"title\": \"Cult Movies (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7587385\",\n \"text\": \"carnage, a Secret Service agent can be heard on the radio, asking \\\"Who's been hit?! Who's been hit?!\\\" While waiting with Bartlet in the Oval office for news on the missing pilot, Admiral Fitzwallace makes an observation on the presidential seal. The eagle on the seal holds an olive branch in its right talons and arrows in its left, and faces towards the olive branch. Yet when Congress declares war, he says, the eagle faces the arrows. This is an urban legend; though the design of the seal has changed over time, President Truman decided by Executive Order 9646, in\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5231912\",\n \"text\": \"Disney Legends in 2008. Russi Taylor Russell \\\"Russi\\\" Taylor (born May 4, 1944) is an American voice actress. She has been the voice actress of Disney's Minnie Mouse character since 1986. Taylor was born on May 4, 1944. She has voiced Huey, Dewey and Louie and Webby Vanderquack in the television series \\\"DuckTales\\\", the video game \\\"\\\" and in other appearances such as in the holiday movies \\\"Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas\\\" and \\\"Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas\\\". In appearances where the three young ducks appear at an older age, such as in \\\"Mickey Mouse Works\\\" and \\\"Disney's House of\",\n \"title\": \"Russi Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5231907\",\n \"text\": \"Russi Taylor Russell \\\"Russi\\\" Taylor (born May 4, 1944) is an American voice actress. She has been the voice actress of Disney's Minnie Mouse character since 1986. Taylor was born on May 4, 1944. She has voiced Huey, Dewey and Louie and Webby Vanderquack in the television series \\\"DuckTales\\\", the video game \\\"\\\" and in other appearances such as in the holiday movies \\\"Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas\\\" and \\\"Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas\\\". In appearances where the three young ducks appear at an older age, such as in \\\"Mickey Mouse Works\\\" and \\\"Disney's House of Mouse\\\", Tony Anselmo, the\",\n \"title\": \"Russi Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12743079\",\n \"text\": \"we'd be thinking, \\\"Oh, you know what, we got this great idea for a game and these are the essential actions we can get out of it, how are we going to use it in movies?\\\" So it was really a three-way process, trying to figure out what we could get people to do, what would be fun, how it would fit in the movie—it wasn't just one process of doing it, it had to go both ways.\\\" There had also been a few more movie ideas, but they were left out of the game. The developers originally thought the\",\n \"title\": \"You're in the Movies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3968103\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Rollins. Has Been Has Been (2004) is William Shatner's second musical album after 1968's \\\"The Transformed Man\\\". The album was produced and arranged by Ben Folds and most of the songs are co-written by Folds and Shatner, with Folds creating arrangements for Shatner's prose-poems, and features guest appearances from Joe Jackson (on a cover of Pulp's \\\"Common People\\\"), Folds and Aimee Mann (backup vocals on \\\"That's Me Trying\\\"), Lemon Jelly (on \\\"Together\\\"), Henry Rollins, and Adrian Belew (on \\\"I Can't Get Behind That\\\"), and Brad Paisley (on \\\"Real\\\", which he wrote specifically for Shatner). Henry Rollins also talks about\",\n \"title\": \"Has Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3968101\",\n \"text\": \"Has Been Has Been (2004) is William Shatner's second musical album after 1968's \\\"The Transformed Man\\\". The album was produced and arranged by Ben Folds and most of the songs are co-written by Folds and Shatner, with Folds creating arrangements for Shatner's prose-poems, and features guest appearances from Joe Jackson (on a cover of Pulp's \\\"Common People\\\"), Folds and Aimee Mann (backup vocals on \\\"That's Me Trying\\\"), Lemon Jelly (on \\\"Together\\\"), Henry Rollins, and Adrian Belew (on \\\"I Can't Get Behind That\\\"), and Brad Paisley (on \\\"Real\\\", which he wrote specifically for Shatner). Henry Rollins also talks about his experience\",\n \"title\": \"Has Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4405272\",\n \"text\": \"Bond film (\\\"Thunderball\\\") because he thought Polanski \\\"was a very interesting guy\\\". According to Polanski in his 1984 autobiography, \\\"Repulsion\\\"s executive producer Michael Klinger \\\"protested that Gil Taylor was one of the most expensive cameramen in the business, but I held out for Taylor and I got him\\\". Taylor said his \\\"aim was to get a stronger negative and good shadows in the final print. The shadows are what make good movies\\\". Their collaboration continued with \\\"Cul-de-sac\\\" (1966) and \\\"Macbeth\\\" (1971), the third and last film he shot with Polanski. According to Ronald Bergan, \\\"although shot in colour\\\", \\\"Macbeth\\\", \\\"is\",\n \"title\": \"Gilbert Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19945890\",\n \"text\": \"Has-Been Heroes Has-Been Heroes is an action video game developed by Frozenbyte and published by GameTrust. The game was released on 28 March 2017 in North America and in Europe and Australia on 4 April 2017 on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, and Xbox One. This game is Gamestop exclusive and was only sold through Gamestop stores at launch. \\\"Has-Been Heroes\\\" is an action, strategy video game with roguelike elements. The game features a mixture of turn-based strategy and real-time strategy mechanics. \\\"Has-Been Heroes\\\" is being developed by Frozenbyte and published by GameTrust. The game was announced in January\",\n \"title\": \"Has-Been Heroes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17901341\",\n \"text\": \"Taylor Steele (filmmaker) Taylor Steele was born on 7 June 1972. Steele has been involved in the surf film industry for over two decades. He has won awards as both director and producer. His production company, Poor Specimen, has launched the careers of some of surfing’s most influential figures and has played a role in the success of bands such as Blink-182, Pennywise, and Jack Johnson, who were introduced in Steele's early movies. In 1992, Steele released a 35-minute VHS film entitled Momentum. The film showcases a blend of punk rock music and surfing. In his early career Steele collaborated\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Steele (filmmaker)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652358\",\n \"text\": \"stars, World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal, National Defense Service Medal, Philippine Liberation Medal with one bronze star and the Submarine Warfare insignia. In November 1945, he directed a fleet of nearly 200 surplus Army and Navy ships, manned by Japanese crews, that evacuated the first of nearly six million Japanese from Manchuria, Formosa, and islands in the Pacific. Momsen served on the Navy General Board from June 1947 until May 1948. He served as Assistant Chief of Naval Operations for Undersea Warfare from 1948 to 1951, then became Commander of the Submarine Force's Pacific Fleet. Vice\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652350\",\n \"text\": \"lung's gas mixtures under high pressure. At depths greater than , on pure oxygen, and , on air, the oxygen turns toxic. Underwater, breathing air, nitrogen enters the blood, then tissues, and below may cause euphoria commonly called \\\"nitrogen narcosis\\\". Also, divers who ascend too rapidly can get decompression sickness, commonly known as \\\"the bends,\\\" which happens when nitrogen in the blood forms bubbles. These bubbles can block blood flow and cause intense pain, even death. In experiments often performed by Momsen himself, the team replaced the nitrogen with nontoxic helium and mixed it with varying levels of oxygen depending\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16377617\",\n \"text\": \"such as Latin, French and English to an extent that he was able to study treatments on mathematics, astronomy and other natural sciences at home. But he also learned about philosophy, geography and the trade of making clocks. At the same time he began to construct small mechanical devices, scaled models and instruments. In 1753 he took up work as a surveyor in Ditmarsh where he was also able to sell some of his self-made instruments. When his father Momme died, Hans Momsen inherited the farm and took up his father's post as dykemaster. He married a local farmer's daughter\",\n \"title\": \"Hans Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17901349\",\n \"text\": \"film, PROXIMITY, a visceral portrait of modern surfing. The film follows eight of the world's best surfers - four legends and four rising stars - as they search for new waves and deeper understanding in exotic destinations. Starring Kelly Slater, Rob Machado, Shane Dorian, Dave Rastovich, John John Florence, Craig Anderson, Steph Gilmore and Albee Layer. In 2014 Steele was named Fast Company (magazine) 100 Most Creative in Business Taylor Steele currently lives in New York and directs films, Virtual Reality movies and commercials. Taylor Steele (filmmaker) Taylor Steele was born on 7 June 1972. Steele has been involved in\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor Steele (filmmaker)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19945891\",\n \"text\": \"2017. It launched on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, and Xbox One on 28 March 2017. \\\"Has-Been Heroes\\\" received \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\" from professional critics according to review aggregator website Metacritic. While the game received praise for its combat system, criticism was directed at its repetitive gameplay and high difficulty level. Has-Been Heroes Has-Been Heroes is an action video game developed by Frozenbyte and published by GameTrust. The game was released on 28 March 2017 in North America and in Europe and Australia on 4 April 2017 on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, and Xbox One. This\",\n \"title\": \"Has-Been Heroes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13462882\",\n \"text\": \"by the benevolent Dr. Jekyll on one hand and the evil Mr. Hyde on the other to describe how chemists and chemistry are portrayed in the movies. There are 10 chapters, the first five of which have dark chemical themes and the second five of which have bright chemical themes. The chapter titles are: According to several reviews, the book's strength is when it explores what might be the real chemicals that inspired the fictional compounds found in certain movies. ReAction! Chemistry in the Movies ReAction! Chemistry in the Movies (2009, ) is a nonfiction book about movies, chemistry, and\",\n \"title\": \"ReAction! Chemistry in the Movies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16658474\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Whistler\\\". Taylor wrote on six Crime Doctor and two Whistler movies. From 1941 to 1946, Taylor also contributed to six Universal monster movies, including entries in the Frankenstein and Dracula series. He wrote two Dick Tracy movies for RKO Pictures in 1945 and 1947. In the 1950s he returned to Republic Pictures where he wrote six more movies, five of which were Westerns. Little is known of Taylor's personal life. He was born in Chicago in 1897 and died in 1952 in San Francisco of a heart attack while on vacation with his wife. Eric Taylor (screenwriter) Eric Taylor\",\n \"title\": \"Eric Taylor (screenwriter)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2652342\",\n \"text\": \"the Academy, received it, repeated his plebe year, and graduated in 1919 — one year early, due to the involvement of the United States in World War I. From 1919 to 1921, Momsen served on the battleship \\\"Oklahoma\\\" (BB-37). In 1921, he entered the Submarine School in New London, Connecticut, graduating in January 1922. 18 months later, he took command of the submarine \\\"O-15\\\" (SS-76). A few years later, he was given command of \\\"S-1\\\" (SS-105), one of the newest US Navy designed submarines of that time. It was aboard \\\"S-1\\\" Momsen's attention became drawn to the urgent need for\",\n \"title\": \"Charles Momsen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5830515\",\n \"text\": \"actress in her early twenties, Norton posed nude for the August 1985 issue of \\\"Playboy\\\" in a bid to shed her wholesome \\\"family\\\" image. In 1991, Norton married Randy Apostle. They had one son, Devin, before divorcing in 2001. Norton is married to Robert Graves. Norton has been writing, directing and starring in movies and theater. She is also a singer. An avid athlete, Norton has participated in competitive horse jumping and skydiving in addition to skiing and tennis. Her CD \\\"Reflections\\\" was scheduled for release in August 2016. Judy Norton Taylor Judy Norton-Taylor (born January 29, 1958) is an\",\n \"title\": \"Judy Norton Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13519504\",\n \"text\": \"Houston. In 2006 he covered the investigation into a $70 million embezzlement by the chief financial officer of a Texas contract drilling company. And, also in 2006, Taylor covered one of the criminal trials of former Enron chief executive Ken Lay. Despite his lengthy journalism career, Taylor likely has received more notoriety for a well-publicized attempt on his life that occurred in 1980 while working as a reporter for \\\"The Houston Post\\\". The story of the events leading to that attempt has been optioned twice for treatment as movies, recreated on television, reported widely in newspaper and magazine articles and\",\n \"title\": \"Gary Taylor (journalist)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5759367\",\n \"text\": \"such as \\\"Starhunter 2300\\\", \\\"1-800-Missing\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Martial Law\\\", \\\"Power Play\\\", and \\\"Animorphs\\\". She also appeared in movies, such as \\\"Leaving Metropolis\\\" released to theatres in 2002, and the 2003 TV movie \\\"Do or Die\\\". She graduated from The University of Toronto with a specialization in Archaeology. She studied voice at The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto and dance at the \\\"Randolph Academy for the Performing Arts\\\", also in Toronto. Cherilee Taylor Cherilee Taylor (born Cherilee Lynn Garofano on October 17, 1973) is a TV and movie actress who has been a series regular on the Canadian soap opera \\\"Paradise\",\n \"title\": \"Cherilee Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3968102\",\n \"text\": \"while recording the song \\\"I Can't Get Behind That\\\" with Shatner on his spoken-word album \\\"Talk Is Cheap Vol IV\\\" and in his live spoken-word video, \\\"Shock and Awe\\\". In 2007, a ballet called \\\"Common People\\\", set to \\\"Has Been\\\", was created by Margo Sappington (of \\\"Oh! Calcutta!\\\" fame) and performed by the Milwaukee Ballet. Shatner attended the première and had the event filmed. This footage became \\\"William Shatner's Gonzo Ballet\\\", a feature film with a well received world première at the Nashville Film Festival on 17 April 2009. The documentary also features interviews with William Shatner, Ben Folds, and\",\n \"title\": \"Has Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15355027\",\n \"text\": \"opposed to ABC, NBC and CBS, Fox aired its movies primarily on Tuesday nights at 7:00 Eastern, though sometimes due to a news broadcast or game, the day of a broadcast might have been changed. Announcing of opening credits and bumpers for NBC Saturday Night at the Movies was handled mainly out of NBC's Burbank studios. For years, the main announcer was Don Stanley. In later years, he alternated with Donald Rickles, Peggy Taylor and Victor Bozeman. Near the end of Saturday Night at the Movies' run, opening credits (for the series, not for the films themselves) would be handled\",\n \"title\": \"NBC Saturday Night at the Movies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14557269\",\n \"text\": \"would be back sooner than anticipated. Szohr appeared in the season premiere. Taylor Momsen began filming her scenes on August 30, 2010. Taylor Momsen appears in one episode titled \\\"Easy J\\\" which aired October 25, 2010, and will return in full series regular status for the second half of the season. It had also been confirmed that Tate Donovan, who previously worked with show's developers Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage in \\\"The O.C.\\\", would be directing an episode scheduled to air in November 2010. The first two episodes of the season take place in Paris. The Airborne Toxic Event made\",\n \"title\": \"Gossip Girl (season 4)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12478703\",\n \"text\": \"the Crowd\\\" had not been released on either of J-Live's previous albums. Always Has Been Always Has Beenis the first EP released by indie hip hop artist J-Live, released in 2003 on the label Triple Threat Productions. It is an EP and consists of six songs recorded early in J-Live's career, prior to the release of his first album The Best Part. It was released simultaneously as Always Will Be, another EP by J-Live, which is made up of eight new tracks. The tracks \\\"Braggin Writes\\\" and \\\"Schools In\\\" were rerecorded for The Best Part, but here they appear in\",\n \"title\": \"Always Has Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7019815\",\n \"text\": \"What I've Been Looking For \\\"What I've Been Looking For\\\" is a song from the Disney Channel Original Movie \\\"High School Musical\\\" (2006). The song was written and produced by Andy Dodd and Adam Watts, and it was included on the film soundtrack of the same name. Ashley Tisdale and Lucas Grabeel sing it in a fast tempo. A reprise version, titled \\\"What I've Been Looking For (Reprise)\\\" was also recorded, but in a slow tempo. It is credited to be performed by Zac Efron and Vanessa Hudgens, although Efron vocals were mixed with those of Drew Seeley. \\\"What I've\",\n \"title\": \"What I've Been Looking For\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6748435\",\n \"text\": \"Star Movies Star Movies is an Asian movie channel owned by Fox Networks Group and STAR TV, subsidiaries of 21st Century Fox. Star Movies now has been rebranded to Fox Movies Premium on 1 January 2012, Fox Movies in the Philippines on 10 June 2017 and Fox Movies in Vietnam on 1 November 2017, therefore affecting its broadcast areas, except in India, China, Middle East, and Taiwan. Star Movies was launched on 12 May 1993, replacing BBC World when it was removed from STAR TV because of political reasons. At that time, it screened both Hollywood and Chinese movies and\",\n \"title\": \"Star Movies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7496623\",\n \"text\": \"of the band's albums had been revitalized by \\\"In the Dark\\\". Like its predecessor compilation, it has achieved Platinum sales certification (in 2001). What a Long Strange Trip It's Been What a Long Strange Trip It's Been is the second compilation album by the Grateful Dead. It was released August 18, 1977 by Warner Bros. Records, three years after the \\\"\\\" compilation. Both albums are subtitled \\\"The Best of the Grateful Dead\\\". Unlike the previous compilation, \\\"What a Long Strange Trip It's Been\\\" is a double album. After the Grateful Dead had completed their contract with Warner Bros. and begun\",\n \"title\": \"What a Long Strange Trip It's Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16173844\",\n \"text\": \"12, 2017, the HD channel was converted into Philippine feed during independence day of the Philippines but the Asia feed will continue to broadcast via live streaming on a subscription-based FOX+ which is available to Cignal, Globe, Smart and PLDT Home subscribers and it's with Chinese subtitles on their movies (along with Fox Family Movies and Fox Action Movies). On January 1, 2012, Star Movies HD was rebranded as Fox Movies Premium HD in selected Asian territories where Star Movies has been renamed to Fox Movies Premium. On June 10, 2017, Fox Movies Premium HD has been renamed itself as\",\n \"title\": \"Fox Movies (Southeast Asia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13767563\",\n \"text\": \"What Might Have Been \\\"What Might Have Been\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Little Texas. It was released in May 1993 as the lead-off single from their second (and breakthrough) album, \\\"Big Time\\\". It was written by the band's lead guitarist Porter Howell, rhythm guitarist Dwayne O'Brien, and keyboardist and vocalist Brady Seals. The song reached number 2 on the \\\"Billboard\\\"s Hot Country Songs chart and number 11 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" country Tracks chart in 1993. It is one of their best known songs, peaking at number 16 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart.\",\n \"title\": \"What Might Have Been\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11130248\",\n \"text\": \"Cult Movies (book) Cult Movies is a 1981 book by Danny Peary, consisting of a series of essays regarding what Peary described as the 100 most representative examples of the cult film phenomenon. The films are presented in alphabetical order, with each chapter featuring a story synopsis for the covered title, Peary’s response to the film, production and release details, and a brief selection of contemporary critical reviews. In the book’s foreword, Peary notes that out of the thousands of movies that have been made, “only an extremely small number have elicited a fiery passion in moviegoers that exists long\",\n \"title\": \"Cult Movies (book)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["underdog","paranoid park","spy kids 2: island of lost dreams","how the grinch stole christmas!","we were soldiers","hansel and gretel","spy school","saving shiloh","10 years"],"string":"[\n \"underdog\",\n \"paranoid park\",\n \"spy kids 2: island of lost dreams\",\n \"how the grinch stole christmas!\",\n \"we were soldiers\",\n \"hansel and gretel\",\n \"spy school\",\n \"saving shiloh\",\n \"10 years\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1782,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was henry ford best known for?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3776893","text":"each year. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 as Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1981 as \"Edison Institute\". Named for its founder, the automobile industrialist Henry Ford, and based on his efforts to preserve items of historical interest and portray the Industrial Revolution, the property houses homes, machinery, exhibits, and Americana of historically significant items as well as common memorabilia, both of which help to capture the history of life in early America. It is one of the largest such collections in the nation. Henry Ford","title":"The Henry Ford"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3776893\",\n \"text\": \"each year. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 as Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1981 as \\\"Edison Institute\\\". Named for its founder, the automobile industrialist Henry Ford, and based on his efforts to preserve items of historical interest and portray the Industrial Revolution, the property houses homes, machinery, exhibits, and Americana of historically significant items as well as common memorabilia, both of which help to capture the history of life in early America. It is one of the largest such collections in the nation. Henry Ford\",\n \"title\": \"The Henry Ford\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"14155289","text":"Henry Ford Square House The Henry Ford Square House (also known as the Henry Ford Honeymoon House) is a single-family house located at 29835 Beechwood Avenue in Garden City, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Henry Ford and Clara Jane Bryant were married on April 11, 1888. Soon after, they began construction on this house, then located at the corner of Ford Road and what is now the Southfield Freeway. Clara drew the plans, specifying the kitchen, sitting room, parlor and bedroom. Henry built","title":"Henry Ford Square House"},{"psg_id":"1520747","text":"Henry Ford II Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 – September 29, 1987), sometimes known as \"HF2\" or \"Hank the Deuce\", was the eldest son of Edsel Ford and eldest grandson of Henry Ford. He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman for several months thereafter. Notably, under the leadership of Henry Ford II, Ford Motor Company became a publicly traded corporation in 1956. From 1943 to 1950, he also served as president of the Ford Foundation. Henry Ford II was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Eleanor Clay","title":"Henry Ford II"},{"psg_id":"1520760","text":"service at Christ Church Grosse Pointe, his remains were cremated and the ashes scattered. Henry Ford II Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 – September 29, 1987), sometimes known as \"HF2\" or \"Hank the Deuce\", was the eldest son of Edsel Ford and eldest grandson of Henry Ford. He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman for several months thereafter. Notably, under the leadership of Henry Ford II, Ford Motor Company became a publicly traded corporation in 1956. From 1943 to 1950, he also served as president of","title":"Henry Ford II"},{"psg_id":"7748651","text":"Peter Pan when Barrie's play was staged in the West End for the first time in 1904. Ford's wide-ranging interests brought him into contact and friendship with many well-known figures of his time, including the writers PG Wodehouse, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and AEW Mason. Studies in Illustration, Number 43, Winter 2009. Henry Justice Ford Henry Justice Ford (1860–1941) was a prolific and successful English artist and illustrator, active from 1886 through to the late 1920s. Sometimes known as H. J. Ford or Henry J. Ford, he came to public attention when he provided the numerous beautiful illustrations for Andrew","title":"Henry Justice Ford"},{"psg_id":"172085","text":"over to his son Edsel Ford in December 1918. Henry retained final decision authority and sometimes reversed the decisions of his son. Ford started another company, Henry Ford and Son, and made a show of taking himself and his best employees to the new company; the goal was to scare the remaining holdout stockholders of the Ford Motor Company to sell their stakes to him before they lost most of their value. (He was determined to have full control over strategic decisions.) The ruse worked, and Ford and Edsel purchased all remaining stock from the other investors, thus giving the","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"1520753","text":"key financial roles for several decades and helped to establish Ford Finance's reputation as one of the best Finance organizations in the world. As a team, the \"whiz kids\" are probably best remembered as the design team for the 1949 Ford, which they took from concept to production in nineteen months, and which re-established Ford as a formidable automotive company. It was reported that 100,000 orders for this car were taken the day it was introduced to the market. Henry Ford II was president of Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960. In 1956, under his leadership, the company became","title":"Henry Ford II"},{"psg_id":"7748647","text":"Henry Justice Ford Henry Justice Ford (1860–1941) was a prolific and successful English artist and illustrator, active from 1886 through to the late 1920s. Sometimes known as H. J. Ford or Henry J. Ford, he came to public attention when he provided the numerous beautiful illustrations for Andrew Lang's Fairy Books, which captured the imagination of a generation of British children and were sold worldwide in the 1880s and 1890s. After education at Repton School and Clare College, Cambridge - where he gained a first class in the Classical Tripos in 1882 - Ford returned to London to study at","title":"Henry Justice Ford"},{"psg_id":"8384100","text":"are six hospitals within the health system: The Henry Ford Health System operates eight emergency departments (ED), also known as emergency rooms (ER). The Henry Ford Health System operates forty general medical centers and seven specialized medical facilities. Henry Ford Health System The Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) is a comprehensive, integrated, non-profit, managed care, health care organization in Metro Detroit. The corporate office is at One Ford Place, Detroit, Michigan. Henry Ford established the health system in 1915, and it is currently run by a 17-member board of trustees. Henry Ford also owns the health insurance company Health Alliance","title":"Henry Ford Health System"},{"psg_id":"172072","text":"to control the company permanently. Ford was also widely known for his pacifism during the first years of World War I, and for promoting antisemitic content, including \"The Protocols of the Elders of Zion\" through his newspaper \"The Dearborn Independent\" and the book \"The International Jew\", having an influence on the development of Nazism and Adolf Hitler. Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on a farm in Greenfield Township, Michigan. His father, William Ford (1826–1905), was born in County Cork, Ireland, to a family that was originally from Somerset, England. His mother, Mary Ford (née Litogot; 1839–1876), was born","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"9513655","text":"Henry Ford Bridge The Henry Ford Bridge, also known as the Badger Avenue Bridge, carries the Pacific Harbor Line railroad across the Cerritos Channel to Terminal Island from San Pedro, to serve the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach. It is located in Los Angeles County, Southern California. It was built to accommodate operations at the Ford Long Beach Assembly plant which opened in 1930 and was closed in 1959. The original 1924 bascule bridge was dismantled and replaced in 1996 by a vertical-lift bridge. The contract for the bascule bridge was placed by The Los Angeles","title":"Henry Ford Bridge"},{"psg_id":"7748650","text":"Ford settled down in Bedford Gardens, Kensington for several years and, in 1927, the couple adopted a child, June Mary Magdelene Ford. The seated model in Henry Justice Ford's painting 'Remembering Happier Times', now in the collection of the Russell-Cotes Art Gallery, Bournemouth, bears a strong resemblance to Ford's wife, Emily. His love of the game led Henry Justice Ford to play cricket regularly with the playwright JM Barrie's Allahakbarrie Cricket Club. This in turn led to Ford providing the well-known map of Kensington Gardens in Barrie's 'The Little White Bird.' He also designed the costume for the character of","title":"Henry Justice Ford"},{"psg_id":"3776896","text":"Tour. The Henry Ford is sited between the Ford Dearborn Development Center and several Ford engineering buildings with which it shares the same style gates and brick fences. In 1970, the museum purchased what it believed to be a 17th-century Brewster Chair, created for one of the Pilgrim settlers in the Plymouth Colony, for $9,000. In September 1977, the chair was determined to be a modern forgery created in 1969 by Rhode Island sculptor Armand LaMontagne. The museum retains the piece as an educational tool on forgeries. In the early 2000s, the museum added an auditorium to the building's south","title":"The Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"1942696","text":"Henry Ford Company The Henry Ford Company was the second company for Henry Ford, founded November 1901. It resulted from the reorganization of the Detroit Automobile Company, his first unsuccessful attempt at automobile manufacture a year before. In March 1902, Ford left the company following a dispute with his financial backers, William Murphy and Lemuel Bowen, as Ford was devoting considerable time to the sport of auto racing and his Ford 999 race car. In a final settlement, Ford left with his name and US $900; he went on to start the Ford Motor Company in 1903 at the Ford","title":"Henry Ford Company"},{"psg_id":"3776912","text":"experiences, designed by award-winning experience designer Bob Rogers and the design team BRC Imagination Arts, offers two multi-screen theaters, numerous touchscreen interpretive displays and overlook the world's largest \"Green\" roof, atop the factory. Visitors then walk through the working assembly plant. The Henry Ford The Henry Ford (also known as the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation and Greenfield Village, and as the Edison Institute) is a large indoor and outdoor history museum complex and a National Historic Landmark in the Detroit suburb of Dearborn, Michigan, United States. The museum collection contains the presidential limousine of John F. Kennedy, Abraham","title":"The Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"3776892","text":"The Henry Ford The Henry Ford (also known as the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation and Greenfield Village, and as the Edison Institute) is a large indoor and outdoor history museum complex and a National Historic Landmark in the Detroit suburb of Dearborn, Michigan, United States. The museum collection contains the presidential limousine of John F. Kennedy, Abraham Lincoln's chair from Ford's Theatre, Thomas Edison's laboratory, the Wright Brothers' bicycle shop, the Rosa Parks bus, and many other historical exhibits. It is the largest indoor-outdoor museum complex in the United States and is visited by over 1.7 million people","title":"The Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"3776895","text":"their electric lights until the switch was flipped at the Museum. The Edison Institute was, at first, a private site for educational purposes only, but after numerous inquiries about the complex, it was opened as a museum to the general public on June 22, 1933. It was originally composed of the Henry Ford Museum, Greenfield Village, and the Greenfield Village Schools (an experimental learning facility). Initially, Greenfield Village and the Henry Ford Museum were owned by the Ford Motor Company, which is currently a sponsor of the school and cooperates with the Henry Ford to provide the Ford Rouge Factory","title":"The Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"5822879","text":"other Henry Ford Hospital and Yale researchers identified the location of a gene on chromosome 10, linked to hereditary medullary thyroid cancer. In 1993, the gene itself was identified. Also in 1987, Henry Ford was the first in Michigan to use iodine radium implant seeds to combat cancerous cells in the prostate. In 1988, Detroit's first liver transplant was performed at Henry Ford Hospital. In 1994, Henry Ford Hospital performed the first lung transplant in the Detroit Metropolitan Area, making it the only facility in metro Detroit to perform all solid organ transplants. In 1995, Henry Ford Hospital conducted Michigan's","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"4965335","text":"Henry Ford College Henry Ford College (HFC) is a public two-year college in Dearborn, Michigan. The school, established in 1938, is accredited by North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the Michigan Commission on College Accreditation. The school was originally named Fordson Junior College when it was established in 1938. It adopted the name Dearborn Junior College in 1946, then Henry Ford Community College (HFCC) in 1952, after the Henry Ford Trade School which closed and whose assets were transferred to the Dearborn School Board of Education. The name was shortened to Henry Ford College in 2014. HFC offers","title":"Henry Ford College"},{"psg_id":"1520752","text":"Ernest Breech and Lewis Crusoe away from the Bendix Corporation. Breech was to serve in the coming years as HF2's business mentor, and the Breech–Crusoe team would form the core of Ford's business expertise, offering much-needed experience. Additionally, Henry Ford II hired ten young up-and-comers, known as the \"Whiz Kids\". These ten, gleaned from an Army Air Forces statistical team, Henry Ford II envisioned as giving the company the ability to innovate and stay current. Two of them, Arjay Miller and Robert McNamara, went on to serve as presidents of Ford themselves. A third member, J. Edward Lundy, served in","title":"Henry Ford II"},{"psg_id":"1942699","text":"built. It is approximately half a mile southwest from Cadillac Place, GM's headquarters from 1922 until 2001, when GM moved to the GM Renaissance Center next to the Detroit River. Henry Ford Company The Henry Ford Company was the second company for Henry Ford, founded November 1901. It resulted from the reorganization of the Detroit Automobile Company, his first unsuccessful attempt at automobile manufacture a year before. In March 1902, Ford left the company following a dispute with his financial backers, William Murphy and Lemuel Bowen, as Ford was devoting considerable time to the sport of auto racing and his","title":"Henry Ford Company"},{"psg_id":"5822863","text":"Henry Ford Hospital Henry Ford Hospital (HFH) is an 877-bed tertiary care hospital, education and research complex at the western edge of the New Center area in Detroit, Michigan. The flagship facility for the Henry Ford Health System, it is one of the first hospitals in the United States to use a standard fee schedule and favor private or semi-private rooms over large wards. It also is the first hospital in the country to form a closed, salaried medical staff. As founder Henry Ford viewed tobacco as being unhealthy, the hospital was one of the first hospitals in the United","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"6229533","text":"Henry P. Ford Henry Parker Ford (October 15, 1837 – April 21, 1905) was Mayor of Pittsburgh from 1896 to 1899. Henry Parker Ford was born in Hudson, New York in 1837. He first worked as an accountant, experiencing much success in the trade. His skills in finance served him well in the expanding commercial center of Pittsburgh and led to his association in many industries in the city. He founded Emerson, Ford and Company, a manufacturing concern whose specialty was saw blades. In 1881 he was elected to city council. For a city that sometimes goes by the nickname","title":"Henry P. Ford"},{"psg_id":"5893940","text":"urgent care centers, and a pediatric and birthing care. Henry Ford Allegiance Health operates the Henry Ford Allegiance Specialty Hospital (formerly CareLink of Jackson) to provide long-term acute care. The Health System also provides care at family medical centers in Albion, Brooklyn, Grass Lake, Jackson, Leslie, Mason, Onsted and Spring Arbor. Henry Ford Allegiance Radiation Oncology offers cancer care as part of the Henry Ford Cancer Institute. Henry Ford Allegiance Health was founded in 1918 as W.A. Foote Memorial Hospital when a local citizen, Mrs. Ida Foote, donated land for construction of the new hospital in honor of her late","title":"Henry Ford Allegiance Health"},{"psg_id":"6229534","text":"\"city of bridges\" and claims to have more bridges than any other city outside of Venice, Italy, Mayor Ford was perfect. He was the founder of the city's Department of Bridges during his term. Mayor Ford also oversaw the creation of Pittsburgh Police Department's Bicycle patrol in 1896 as well as the first water filtration in the city. Ford died in 1905. He is buried in Homewood Cemetery on the city's east end. Henry P. Ford Henry Parker Ford (October 15, 1837 – April 21, 1905) was Mayor of Pittsburgh from 1896 to 1899. Henry Parker Ford was born in","title":"Henry P. Ford"},{"psg_id":"5822867","text":"a two-story, $35 million addition at the hospital. Henry Ford has a robust medical education program, where more than 500 residents in 40 specialties train every day. One-third of all physicians in Michigan receive training at Henry Ford, and its post-graduate medical education enterprise is among the largest in the country. Research programs at Henry Ford Hospital have total annual funding exceeding $70 million. The National Institutes of Health is the primary funding source for Henry Ford's research programs. Henry Ford physicians and researchers are currently involved in more than 1,700 research projects, including those focused on stroke and traumatic","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"11815208","text":"Henry Ford Centennial Library The Henry Ford Centennial Library is the main branch of the Dearborn Public Libraries in Dearborn, Michigan in Metro Detroit. It is located at 16301 Michigan Avenue. In 1963, to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the birth of Henry Ford, the Ford Foundation donated three million dollars to the City of Dearborn to construct a memorial library. On July 30, 1963, Ford's hundredth birthday, the Ford Motor Company deeded of land to the City of Dearborn for the building. The library was formally dedicated November 25, 1969. Henry Ford Centennial Library's original floorplan designs included large","title":"Henry Ford Centennial Library"},{"psg_id":"172077","text":"help of C. Harold Wills, Ford designed, built, and successfully raced a 26-horsepower automobile in October 1901. With this success, Murphy and other stockholders in the Detroit Automobile Company formed the Henry Ford Company on November 30, 1901, with Ford as chief engineer. In 1902, Murphy brought in Henry M. Leland as a consultant; Ford, in response, left the company bearing his name. With Ford gone, Murphy renamed the company the Cadillac Automobile Company. Teaming up with former racing cyclist Tom Cooper, Ford also produced the 80+ horsepower racer \"999\" which Barney Oldfield was to drive to victory in a","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"5822864","text":"States to institute a total ban on smoking. Henry Ford Hospital is staffed by the Henry Ford Medical Group, one of the nation's largest and oldest group practices with 1,200 physicians in more than 40 specialties. Henry Ford Hospital, which opened in 1915, is a Level 1 trauma center, recognized for clinical excellence and innovations in the fields of cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, neurology, neurosurgery, orthopedics, sports medicine, organ transplants, and treatment for prostate, breast and lung cancers. Henry Ford Hospital annually trains more than 500 residents and 125 fellows in 46 accredited programs. Through its affiliation with Wayne State University,","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"9513656","text":"Board of Harbor Commissioners in 1922. The bridge was designed by Joseph Baermann Strauss and fabricated by the American Bridge Company. It was formed of a pair of trunnion bascule leaves which formed a one span Warren through-truss. There were two tower spans and two timber approaches. Henry Ford Bridge The Henry Ford Bridge, also known as the Badger Avenue Bridge, carries the Pacific Harbor Line railroad across the Cerritos Channel to Terminal Island from San Pedro, to serve the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach. It is located in Los Angeles County, Southern California. It was","title":"Henry Ford Bridge"},{"psg_id":"8384099","text":"Henry Ford Health System The Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) is a comprehensive, integrated, non-profit, managed care, health care organization in Metro Detroit. The corporate office is at One Ford Place, Detroit, Michigan. Henry Ford established the health system in 1915, and it is currently run by a 17-member board of trustees. Henry Ford also owns the health insurance company Health Alliance Plan. The Henry Ford Health System generates 4.2 million patient contacts yearly, and more than 113,000 patients are admitted to Henry Ford hospitals annually. Henry Ford health care providers perform more than 100,400 surgical procedures each year. There","title":"Henry Ford Health System"},{"psg_id":"172070","text":"Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Although Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line, he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle-class Americans could afford. In doing so, Ford converted the automobile from an expensive curiosity into a practical conveyance that would profoundly impact the landscape of the 20th century. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"5822865","text":"more than 400 medical students train at the hospital each academic year. The Detroit hospital and campus is led by president and CEO, doctor of medicine, John Popovich, Jr. Henry Ford Hospital is an 877-bed hospital located in Detroit's New Center area. The hospital is staffed by the 1,200 physicians and scientists in the Henry Ford Medical Group. The model for the Henry Ford Medical Group is the same model used at the Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Cleveland Clinic. Henry Ford Hospital operates a Level 1 Trauma Center and has one of the busiest emergency rooms in","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"7748649","text":"Ford, a well known bill discounter. His father, (a solicitor by profession) and many of his family were cricketers. His father wrote a number of articles and books on the subject and Ford's brother, Francis Ford (1866-1940) played for England in an Ashes series in Australia. At the age of 61, Ford surprised his friends by marrying a woman some thirty-five years younger. She was Emily Amelia Hoff (née Rose), a widow whose first husband had been killed in the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915. Following the marriage in Kensington Register Office in February 1921, Henry and Emily","title":"Henry Justice Ford"},{"psg_id":"5822869","text":"Ford Health System, one of the country's largest health care systems and a national leader in clinical care, research and education. It includes the 1,200-member Henry Ford Medical Group, five hospitals, the Health Alliance Plan, 30 primary care centers and many other health-related entities throughout Southeast Michigan. In 2009 alone, Henry Ford provided more than $173 million in uncompensated care. The health system plans to invest $500 million to expand the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, and employs more than 23,000. Founded in 1915 by auto pioneer Henry Ford and now one of the nation's leading health care providers, Henry","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"172141","text":"in the nursery rhyme, \"Mary Had a Little Lamb\", from Sterling, Massachusetts, and purchased the historic Wayside Inn. This plan never saw fruition. Ford repeated the concept of collecting historic structures with the creation of Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan. It may have inspired the creation of Old Sturbridge Village as well. About the same time, he began collecting materials for his museum, which had a theme of practical technology. It was opened in 1929 as the Edison Institute. Although greatly modernized, the museum continues today. Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"1520757","text":"by Henry Ford II, who stated: \"No car with my name on the hood is going to have a Jap engine inside.\" Although, strictly speaking, it was too late for that, as the Ford Motor Company had been selling a Mazda compact pickup truck as the Ford Courier since late 1971, Henry Ford II did not like the idea of flagship North American passenger car models moving in that direction. Ford Motor Company did go on to adapt to the era in which Japanese, German, and American participation in a globalized automobile industry became tightly integrated. For example, Ford's relationship","title":"Henry Ford II"},{"psg_id":"172071","text":"and American industry. As the owner of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with \"Fordism\": mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put dealerships throughout most of North America and in major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation and arranged for his family","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"5893944","text":"a letter of intent for Allegiance to become absorbed by the University of Michigan. It was expected that the arrangement would take 18 months to finalize. By November 2014, Allegiance announced they were not able to come to an agreement and would be looking for other partner organizations. On November 10, 2015 Allegiance announced an agreement to join the Henry Ford Health System The acquisition completed on April 1, 2016. Henry Ford Allegiance Health Henry Ford Allegiance Health is a 475-bed health system in Jackson in the U.S. state of Michigan. Henry Ford Allegiance Health has more than 400 physicians","title":"Henry Ford Allegiance Health"},{"psg_id":"17668433","text":"Port Elizabeth in April 1820. His wife was Frances Stransham 40, and with their 7 children, they were members of Bailie's Party of 256 Settlers on the ship \"Chapman\". The area allocated to the Party lay midway between Bathurst and the Great Fish River mouth and was named Cuylerville after Col. Jacob Cuyler. The children were Frances Jane Ford 14, James Samuel Ford 13, George Henry Ford 11, Edward Stransham Ford 9, Adelaide Elizabeth Ford 8, Jane Murray Ford 6, and John Henry Ford 3. Andrew Smith made the acquaintance of the Ford family in 1821 when he was visiting","title":"George Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"5822866","text":"Michigan, treating nearly 100,000 patients annually. Henry Ford Hospital performs organ transplants in many areas, including heart, lung, kidney, bone marrow, pancreas and liver. Henry Ford Hospital's Vattikuti Urology Institute operates the largest robotic prostatectomy program in the world. The robotic prostate surgery was created at Henry Ford and more than 5,000 men have has successful robotic prostate surgery. In 2009, Henry Ford Hospital opened 24 new private intensive care rooms, bringing its total to 156 intensive care rooms at the Detroit campus, more than any hospital in Michigan. The opening of the new floor is the final piece of","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"15347841","text":"+ Design in San Antonio, Texas. The building received the international annual design award of the Council of Educational Facilities Planners International for 2001, the James D. MacConnell Award for outstanding new educational facilities. Henry Ford Academy Henry Ford Academy is the first charter school in the United States to be developed jointly by a global corporation, public education, and a major nonprofit cultural institution. The school is sponsored by the Ford Motor Company, Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency and The Henry Ford Museum and admits high school students. It is located in Dearborn, Michigan on the campus of","title":"Henry Ford Academy"},{"psg_id":"5822880","text":"first radiosurgery treatment for patients with inoperable tumors using the three-dimensional x-knife system. In 1996, Henry Ford Hospital performed the state's first split-liver transplant, during which a donor's liver was split in two and the separate pieces transplanted into two patients. In 1998, Henry Ford Hospital became the first hospital in Michigan to offer genetic testing for breast cancer. In 2000, Henry Ford Hospital performed Michigan's first adult-to-adult, living donor liver transplant. In 2001, the Vattikuti Urology Institute, under the direction of doctor of medicine Mani Menon, was the first in the United States to perform surgery using a robotic","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"5822890","text":"National Quality Forum and The Joint Commission to receive the John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety and Quality Award. The No Harm Campaign was recognized for successfully reducing harm events by 26% and system-wide mortality by 12% from 2008-2011. Additionally, Henry Ford Hospital received the 2010 American Hospital Association-McKesson Quest for Quality finalist award. The prize honors hospitals that have committed in a systematic manner to achieving the Institute of Medicine's six quality aims—safety, patient-centeredness, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, and equity. The Henry Ford Health System Police Authority provides safety and security for the Henry Ford Hospital campus along with its satellite","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"15838158","text":"Henry Ford (Tiverton MP) Sir Henry Ford (January 1617 – 1684), of Nutwell in Devon was four times MP for Tiverton between 1664 and 1685 and twice Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1669–70 and 1672-73. Ford was the eldest son of Henry Ford (d.1616) of Bagtor in the parish of Ilsington, Devon by his wife Katharine Drake, daughter and sole heiress of George Drake of Spratshays in Littleham, Devon. His grandfather was Thomas Ford (1556–1610) of Bagtor in the parish of Ilsington, by his wife Elizabeth Popham (d.1629) of the Popham family of Huntworth in Somerset. Her monument","title":"Henry Ford (Tiverton MP)"},{"psg_id":"172084","text":"final total production was 15,007,034. This record stood for the next 45 years. This record was achieved in 19 years from the introduction of the first Model T (1908). President Woodrow Wilson asked Ford to run as a Democrat for the United States Senate from Michigan in 1918. Although the nation was at war, Ford ran as a peace candidate and a strong supporter of the proposed League of Nations. Ford was defeated in a close election by the Republican candidate, Truman Newberry, a former United States Secretary of the Navy. Henry Ford turned the presidency of Ford Motor Company","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"15347839","text":"Henry Ford Academy Henry Ford Academy is the first charter school in the United States to be developed jointly by a global corporation, public education, and a major nonprofit cultural institution. The school is sponsored by the Ford Motor Company, Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency and The Henry Ford Museum and admits high school students. It is located in Dearborn, Michigan on the campus of the Henry Ford museum. Enrollment is taken from a lottery in the area and totaled 467 in 2010. Freshman meet inside the main museum building in glass walled classrooms, while older students use a","title":"Henry Ford Academy"},{"psg_id":"5822873","text":"other small buildings—were completed by 1915, and Henry Ford Hospital opened its doors to patients on October 1. Henry Ford organized a closed staff of physicians and surgeons, many of whom came from Johns Hopkins, including medical chief Frank J. Sladen and surgical chief Roy Donaldson McClure. In 1917, it was determined that more space was needed for the hospital, and Ford Motor Company architect Albert Wood was hired to design a new hospital. Contractor Albert A. Albrecht was hired to construct the new hospital, but World War I intervened before construction was complete. In 1918, Ford loaned the semi-completed","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"8151576","text":"Henry Ford (illustrator) Henry Chapman Ford (1828–1894) was an American illustrator. His depictions of California's missions were partially responsible for the revival of interest in the state's Spanish heritage. Ford was born in Livonia, New York. He studied art in Paris and Florence late in the 1850s. During the Civil War, he was a soldier assigned to prepare illustrations of interest to the military. After the war, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, where, in 1871, his studio was destroyed in the \"Great Fire\". In 1875, he settled in Santa Barbara, California, where he would live out his days. Ford traveled","title":"Henry Ford (illustrator)"},{"psg_id":"3776898","text":"manuscript and archival material which is rarely displayed, to allow visitors to gain a deeper understanding of American people, places, events, and things. The Research Center also contains the Ford Motor Archives. To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the RMS \"Titanic\", the Henry Ford Museum exhibited a vast array of artifacts and media documenting the \"Titanic\"s voyage and demise. The exhibit was hosted from 31 March to 30 September 2012. Greenfield Village, the outdoor living history museum section of the Henry Ford complex, was (along with the adjacent Henry Ford Museum) dedicated in 1929 and opened to","title":"The Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"1520759","text":"to the success of the Ford Mustang, in 1964, but fired Iacocca due to personal disputes in 1978 (about the break in their relationship, Iacocca quoted Ford as saying, \"Sometimes you just don't like somebody\"). He formally retired from all positions at Ford Motor Company on October 1, 1982, upon reaching the company's mandatory retirement age of 65, but remained the ultimate source of authority at Ford until his death in 1987. Henry Ford II was married three times: Ford died of pneumonia in Detroit at Henry Ford Hospital on September 29, 1987, at age 70. After a private funeral","title":"Henry Ford II"},{"psg_id":"5822870","text":"Ford Health System is a not-for-profit corporation managed by Chief Executive Officer Wright L. Lassiter, III and governed by a 17-member Board of Trustees, with volunteer-led advisory and affiliate boards providing additional leadership. The system is governed by a board of trustees. Advisory and affiliate boards include 150 volunteer leaders, who provide vital links to the communities served by the System. Henry Ford is managed by President and Chief Executive Officer Wright Lassiter, III. More than 30,000 total Henry Ford Health System employees provide care during the more than 4.24 million annual patient contacts. Henry Ford health care providers perform","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"5822881","text":"system for the treatment of prostate cancer: the first outpatient robotic prostatectomy. Also in 2001, doctors at Henry Ford Hospital became the first in Michigan to use gene therapy for the treatment of brain tumors. In 2005, doctor Scott Dulchavsky, chair of the department of Surgery at Henry Ford Hospital, expanded uses for ultrasound technology for physicians and non-medical personnel; these procedures can be used as an accurate diagnostic tool when coupled with the Internet, a telephone or wireless transmission of ultrasound images to experts from a patient in rural areas or in space. Also in 2005, Henry Ford Medical","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"17668438","text":"(Ford's boa). George Henry Ford George Henry Ford aka G. H. Ford (20 May 1808 in London – July 1876 in London), was a South African natural history illustrator of exceptional merit who joined the British Museum in 1837. At first he portrayed animals and produced the plates in Sir Andrew Smith’s \"Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa\" (1838-1847). He was the son of an English farmer in the Cape, James Edward Ford, who was himself a talented miniaturist. Capt. James Edward Ford, one of the 1820 Settlers, was born in England in 1770, and emigrated to South Africa,","title":"George Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"17668432","text":"George Henry Ford George Henry Ford aka G. H. Ford (20 May 1808 in London – July 1876 in London), was a South African natural history illustrator of exceptional merit who joined the British Museum in 1837. At first he portrayed animals and produced the plates in Sir Andrew Smith’s \"Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa\" (1838-1847). He was the son of an English farmer in the Cape, James Edward Ford, who was himself a talented miniaturist. Capt. James Edward Ford, one of the 1820 Settlers, was born in England in 1770, and emigrated to South Africa, landing at","title":"George Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"8151578","text":"Santa Barbara. Henry Ford (illustrator) Henry Chapman Ford (1828–1894) was an American illustrator. His depictions of California's missions were partially responsible for the revival of interest in the state's Spanish heritage. Ford was born in Livonia, New York. He studied art in Paris and Florence late in the 1850s. During the Civil War, he was a soldier assigned to prepare illustrations of interest to the military. After the war, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, where, in 1871, his studio was destroyed in the \"Great Fire\". In 1875, he settled in Santa Barbara, California, where he would live out his days.","title":"Henry Ford (illustrator)"},{"psg_id":"18557113","text":"Henry Ford (professor) Henry Ford (c.1753 – 26 July 1813) was an academic at the University of Oxford, who held the positions of Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic (1780–1813) and Principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford (1788–1813). Henry Ford, from Cranbrook in Kent, joined the University of Oxford on 9 July 1776, at the age of 23, matriculating as a member of Pembroke College. He later became a member of Christ Church and obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1780. He was appointed Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic straight after obtaining his degree. He was not the only candidate: William","title":"Henry Ford (professor)"},{"psg_id":"172073","text":"in Michigan as the youngest child of Belgian immigrants; her parents died when she was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns. Henry Ford's siblings were Margaret Ford (1867–1938); Jane Ford (c. 1868–1945); William Ford (1871–1917) and Robert Ford (1873–1934). His father gave him a pocket watch in his early teens. At 15, Ford dismantled and reassembled the timepieces of friends and neighbors dozens of times, gaining the reputation of a watch repairman. At twenty, Ford walked four miles to their Episcopal church every Sunday. Ford was devastated when his mother died in 1876. His father expected","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"1520748","text":"Ford and Edsel Ford on September 4, 1917. He, brothers Benson and William, and sister Josephine, grew up amid affluence. He graduated from The Hotchkiss School in 1936. He attended Yale University, where he served on the business staff of \"The Yale Record\", the campus humor magazine, but left in 1940 before graduation. When his father Edsel, president of Ford, died of cancer in May 1943 (during World War II), Henry Ford II was serving in the Navy and unable to take over the presidency of the family-owned business. The elderly and ailing Henry Ford, company founder, re-assumed the presidency.","title":"Henry Ford II"},{"psg_id":"5822882","text":"Group began using e-prescribing to cut prescription costs and improve quality. HFMG physicians now write more than 20,000 electronic prescriptions weekly, helping improve their overall generic use rate by 7.3 percent. In 2008, Henry Ford Hospital became the first hospital in southeastern Michigan to perform a new, minimally invasive procedure for back pain that spares the nerves from being nicked and back muscles from being cut. In 2009, Henry Ford Hospital received more than $70 million in research funding. In 2010, Henry Ford Hospital performed Michigan's first intestine transplant. The composite multivisceral transplant procedure included transplant of the patient's small","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"5822875","text":"of veins. In 1942, Henry Ford Hospital became one of a few U.S. hospitals selected by the National Research Council as a trial site to test penicillin. In 1943, Henry Ford Hospital's doctor Frank Hartman developed the liquid oxygen tent. In 1944, Henry Ford Hospital became the first hospital to use the now-routine technique of multiple lead electrocardiograms. In 1948, the hospital recognized the need for a new building due to the 600% increase in patients over the preceding 25 years and hired Benjamin L. Smith of the New York firm Vorhees, Walker, Foley and Smith to design a new","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"3776906","text":"Henry Ford has a Summer Camp. It takes place inside Greenfield Village and the Henry Ford Museum between June and August. It is for children in grades 2-9. Each grade level has a different theme and children who participate in the Summer Camp have the opportunity to look at both the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation and Greenfield Village from different perspectives. Children participate in activities such as: apprenticeships, canoeing, glass blowing and other age-dependent activities. The World Tournament of Historical Base Ball takes place every year in August. Guests get to take a step back in time to","title":"The Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"3776897","text":"corner. This housed an IMAX theater until January 2016 when museum management decided to change formats for the facility to better fit with its mission. The renovated theater reopened in April of that year. The Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation began as Henry Ford's personal collection of historic objects, which he began collecting as far back as 1906. Today, the 12 acre (49,000 m²) site is primarily a collection of antique machinery, pop culture items, automobiles, locomotives, aircraft, and other items: Behind the scenes, the Benson Ford Research Center uses the resources of The Henry Ford, especially the photographic,","title":"The Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"5822889","text":"it to the hospital. In 2017, The Henry Ford Health System and the Detroit Pistons announced plans to build a new $65 million, \"Henry Ford-Detroit Pistons Performance Center\", that includes a dedicated 25,000-square-foot sports medicine building, that will also be available to the public, and that will be connected to the performance center. It will be located in the TechTown area of New Center. In 2011, Henry Ford Health System was one of four recipients of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, presented by the president of the United States. In the same year, the hospital was selected by the","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"172132","text":"point B. Nevertheless, Ford did make quite an impact on auto racing during his racing years, and he was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1996. When Edsel Ford, President of Ford Motor Company, died of cancer in May 1943, the elderly and ailing Henry Ford decided to assume the presidency. By this point in his life, he had had several cardiovascular events (variously cited as heart attacks or strokes) and was mentally inconsistent, suspicious, and generally no longer fit for such immense responsibilities. Most of the directors did not want to see him as President.","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"1915362","text":"Henry Jones Ford Henry Jones Ford (25 August 1851 – 29 August 1925) was a political scientist, journalist, university professor, and government official. Her served as president of the American Political Science Association. He was appointed by Woodrow Wilson as the Banking and Insurance Commissioner of New Jersey in 1912. He was born on 25 August 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland. Ford worked as a managing editor and editorial writer from 1872 to 1905, at six different newspapers in three cities Baltimore, New York and Pittsburgh. Later returning to Baltimore, Ford taught at Johns Hopkins University, and afterwards taught at the","title":"Henry Jones Ford"},{"psg_id":"18557117","text":"\"in her 80th year\". An obituary in \"The Gentleman's Magazine\" praised Ford's \"great and varied acquirements in general science\", his \"profound knowledge of Oriental literature\" and his \"unaffected piety, gentleness, and benevolence.\" It also described him as \"an affectionate husband and tender father.\" Henry Ford (professor) Henry Ford (c.1753 – 26 July 1813) was an academic at the University of Oxford, who held the positions of Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic (1780–1813) and Principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford (1788–1813). Henry Ford, from Cranbrook in Kent, joined the University of Oxford on 9 July 1776, at the age of 23, matriculating","title":"Henry Ford (professor)"},{"psg_id":"1942697","text":"Mack Avenue Plant. In August 1902, Henry M. Leland was brought in by the investors to appraise the plant and equipment prior to selling them. Instead, Leland persuaded them to continue in the automobile business. The Henry Ford Company reorganized that year as Cadillac in honor of Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, the founder of Detroit. Cadillac's first car was completed on October 17, 1902, the 10 horsepower (7 kW) Cadillac. Based on Henry Ford's design (except for the engine, designed by Leland & Faulconer), it was practically identical to the 1903 Ford Model A. Located in Detroit at 450","title":"Henry Ford Company"},{"psg_id":"8676968","text":"Best's propaganda work for the Nazi regime and in 1948 testified at Best's trial for treason. Soon afterward, Shirer released a novel \"The Traitor\" (1950) in which \"the main characters were journalists resembling Shirer and Best.\" Robert Henry Best Robert Henry Best (April 16, 1896 – December 16, 1952) was an American foreign correspondent who covered events in Europe for American media outlets during the Interwar period. Later he became a Nazi supporter and well known broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. He was convicted of treason in 1948 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Best was born in","title":"Robert Henry Best"},{"psg_id":"5822868","text":"brain injury, hypertension and heart disease, cancer, bone and joint diseases, the immunological basis of disease, and population studies of allergy, asthma and cancer prevention. Much of Henry Ford Hospital research is translational in nature - from bench to bedside. To this end, basic science studies run the gamut from whole animal physiology to cell and molecular biology to bioengineering with an emphasis on studies that can directly impact patient care. In 2009, Henry Ford researchers published more than 450 articles in peer-reviewed medical journals and attracted $57.4 million in external funding. Henry Ford Hospital is part of the Henry","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"15838162","text":"some important affair, contrived by those who were willing to put him out of the way, he returned no more unto Ireland'. The fact was that his brusque, overbearing manner made him everywhere disliked. He was re-elected MP for Tiverton in the two elections of 1679 and in 1681. Ford died in 1684, aged 65, at Nutwell Court, and was buried in Woodbury Church. Ford left a son Charles, supposed to have died in his minority, and three daughters, married to Drake, Holwell, and Egerton. Henry Ford (Tiverton MP) Sir Henry Ford (January 1617 – 1684), of Nutwell in Devon","title":"Henry Ford (Tiverton MP)"},{"psg_id":"14409894","text":"of 80, saying that it was \"A set-up episode, albeit an extremely entertaining one.\" What They Died For \"What They Died For\" is the 16th and penultimate episode of the American Broadcasting Company's final season of the serial drama television series \"Lost\" and 119th and penultimate episode overall. The episode aired on May 18, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The episode's flash-sideways are centered on Jack Shephard, Desmond Hume, Benjamin Linus and James \"Sawyer\" Ford. In the flash-sideways timeline, Desmond Hume (Henry Ian Cusick) continues his attempt to gather all the passengers of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815. In","title":"What They Died For"},{"psg_id":"8676957","text":"Robert Henry Best Robert Henry Best (April 16, 1896 – December 16, 1952) was an American foreign correspondent who covered events in Europe for American media outlets during the Interwar period. Later he became a Nazi supporter and well known broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. He was convicted of treason in 1948 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Best was born in Sumter, South Carolina, a son of Rev. Albert Hartwell Best, a Methodist minister. After graduating from Wofford College in 1916, he joined the Coast Artillery in October 1917. He was commissioned in 1918 and stayed in","title":"Robert Henry Best"},{"psg_id":"172136","text":"researchers and luminaries. At the time smoking was ubiquitous and was not yet widely associated with health detriment, so Ford's opposition to cigarettes was unusual. Henry Ford long had an interest in materials science and engineering. He enthusiastically described his company's adoption of vanadium steel alloys and subsequent metallurgic R&D work. Ford long had an interest in plastics developed from agricultural products, especially soybeans. He cultivated a relationship with George Washington Carver for this purpose. Soybean-based plastics were used in Ford automobiles throughout the 1930s in plastic parts such as car horns, in paint, etc. This project culminated in 1942,","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"172098","text":"facto\" basis even if not an official one, refused to cooperate. For several years, he kept Bennett in charge of talking to the unions that were trying to organize the Ford Motor Company. Sorensen's memoir makes clear that Ford's purpose in putting Bennett in charge was to make sure no agreements were ever reached. The Ford Motor Company was the last Detroit automaker to recognize the UAW. A sit-down strike by the UAW union in April 1941 closed the River Rouge Plant. Sorensen recounted that a distraught Henry Ford was very close to following through with a threat to break","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"9905216","text":"Michael Thomas Ford Michael Thomas Ford (born October 1, 1968) is an American author of primarily gay-themed literature. He is best known for his \"My Queer Life\" series of humorous essay collections and for his award-winning novels \"Last Summer\", \"Looking for It\", \"Full Circle\", \"Changing Tides\" and \"What We Remember\". Michael Thomas Ford is the author of more than fifty books for both young readers and adults. He is best known for his best-selling novels \"Last Summer\", \"Looking for It\", and \"Full Circle\" and for his five essay collections in the \"Trials of My Queer Life\" series. His work has","title":"Michael Thomas Ford"},{"psg_id":"15321906","text":"Ford and Johnson Chair Company The Ford & Johnson Company was founded by John Sherlock Ford and Henry W. Johnson in Columbus, Ohio in 1867 as a chair manufacturing company. In 1868 the company relocated their factory to Michigan City, Indiana. In 1872 the company moved their headquarters to Chicago where they opened a showroom at 302 Wabash Avenue. They became known as J. S. Ford, Johnson & Company. Ford Johnson established themselves as a high quality manufacturer of Mission Style furniture that was sold across the United States. Ford Johnson was best known for their chairs and settees. They","title":"Ford and Johnson Chair Company"},{"psg_id":"1520750","text":"month. The administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt considered a government takeover of the company in order to ensure continued war production, but the idea never progressed to execution. Henry Ford II left the Navy in July 1943 and joined the company's management a few weeks later. After two years, he assumed presidency of the business on September 21, 1945. Since it had been assumed that Edsel Ford would continue in his capacity as president of the company for much longer than turned out to be the case, Henry Ford II had received little grooming for the position, and he","title":"Henry Ford II"},{"psg_id":"15838159","text":"exists in Ilsington Church. Thomas Ford's grandfather was John Ford (d.1538) of Ashburton (the son and heir of William Ford of Chagford,) who purchased the estate of Bagtor in the parish of Ilsington, which his male heirs successively made their seat. The Elizabethan mansion of the Fords survives today at Bagtor as the service wing of a later house appended in about 1700. Sir Henry Ford was a nephew of the dramatist John Ford (1586-c.1639) Henry Ford was born in January 1617 and was baptised at Littleham on 19 January 1617, four months after his father's death in September 1616.","title":"Henry Ford (Tiverton MP)"},{"psg_id":"14507930","text":"They divorced in Quebec, Canada in 1955. Cristina met Henry Ford II in 1960 during a party at Maxim's in Paris, France. She became Ford's second wife on February 19, 1965 While married to Henry Ford II, she was described by \"LIFE magazine\" as a \"highly effective ambassadress for the Ford Motor Company\". In 1969, the \"Women's Wear Daily\" called her \"the complete Italian\". In 1973, Cristina Ford was listed on the International Hall of Fame of the International Best Dressed List. In 1976, after eleven years of marriage, 58-year-old Henry Ford II and 47-year-old Cristina Ford ended the marriage,","title":"Cristina Ford"},{"psg_id":"172128","text":"explained, \"Automobiles have so completely changed the American's mode of life that today one can hardly imagine being without a car. It is difficult to remember what life was like before Mr. Ford began preaching his doctrine of salvation\". For many Germans, Ford embodied the essence of successful Americanism. In \"My Life and Work\", Ford predicted that if greed, racism, and short-sightedness could be overcome, then economic and technological development throughout the world would progress to the point that international trade would no longer be based on (what today would be called) colonial or neocolonial models and would truly benefit","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"172134","text":"health failing, Ford ceded the company Presidency to his grandson, Henry Ford II, in September 1945 and went into retirement. He died on April 7, 1947, of a cerebral hemorrhage at Fair Lane, his estate in Dearborn, at the age of 83. A public viewing was held at Greenfield Village where up to 5,000 people per hour filed past the casket. Funeral services were held in Detroit's Cathedral Church of St. Paul and he was buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit. A compendium of short biographies of famous Freemasons, published by a Freemason lodge, lists Ford as a member.","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"172109","text":"1942. At , it was the largest assembly line in the world at the time. At its peak in 1944, the Willow Run plant produced 650 B-24s per month, and by 1945 Ford was completing each B-24 in eighteen hours, with one rolling off the assembly line every 58 minutes. Ford produced 9,000 B-24s at Willow Run, half of the 18,000 total B-24s produced during the war. When Edsel Ford died prematurely in 1943, Henry Ford nominally resumed control of the company, but a series of strokes in the late 1930s had left him increasingly debilitated, and his mental ability","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"17668437","text":"\"\"Illustrations of Dissections in a Series of Original Coloured Plates the Size of Life\"\". The plates were done between 1863 and 1867, with from four to seven completed each year. These plates are considered exceptionally clear and accurate, with an aesthetic depiction of the cadavers, printed by the Mintern Bros., and published by James Walton. George Henry Ford was the husband of Emma Ethel Ford and was the father of John Ford, Warren Ford, Quentin Ford, Clive Ford, Mona Ford and 3 others. G. H. Ford is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of Hispaniolan snake, \"Chilabothrus fordii\"","title":"George Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"14608309","text":"John Pennington–Henry Ford House The John Pennington–Henry Ford House, also known as the John Banks House, is a private residence located at 8281 Clinton Macon Road in Macon Township in the northeast corner of Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on September 17, 1974 and later added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1974. In 1829, John and Hannah Pennington moved from Perinton, New York to this location in Michigan. At the time, the Penningtons were the only settlers between Tecumseh and Saline. They built a shanty and began clearing the","title":"John Pennington–Henry Ford House"},{"psg_id":"14409884","text":"What They Died For \"What They Died For\" is the 16th and penultimate episode of the American Broadcasting Company's final season of the serial drama television series \"Lost\" and 119th and penultimate episode overall. The episode aired on May 18, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The episode's flash-sideways are centered on Jack Shephard, Desmond Hume, Benjamin Linus and James \"Sawyer\" Ford. In the flash-sideways timeline, Desmond Hume (Henry Ian Cusick) continues his attempt to gather all the passengers of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815. In 2007, The Man in Black (Terry O'Quinn) devises a new strategy. Jack Shephard (Matthew","title":"What They Died For"},{"psg_id":"16998705","text":"the Zongo Community. The Paramount chief of the Gbi Traditional Area, Togbega Gabusu VI, paid tribute to those peace efforts. Kamel was reported to have returned to his home town, Guaman in the Jasikan District of the Volta Region on 24 December 2012. While chatting with some family and friends the next day, he suddenly collapsed. He died before arrival at the Jasikan Government Hospital. He was 51. Henry Ford Kamel Henry Ford Kofi Kamel (21 December 1961 – 25 December 2012) was a Ghanaian banker and politician. He was the Member of Parliament for the Buem constituency from January","title":"Henry Ford Kamel"},{"psg_id":"5893939","text":"Henry Ford Allegiance Health Henry Ford Allegiance Health is a 475-bed health system in Jackson in the U.S. state of Michigan. Henry Ford Allegiance Health has more than 400 physicians and 3,700 staff members. The health system offers specialized services including a new cancer center and a heart center with a 20-bed cardiac universal bed unit. A new specialty center combines services for the convenience of patients with brain, spine, neck, joint and bone conditions. The specialty center also includes a new osteoporosis center, balance center and pain management center as well. Other health system features include an emergency department,","title":"Henry Ford Allegiance Health"},{"psg_id":"1915364","text":"Work\", which was an account of Wilson's experience on the presidential campaign trail. Ford served as president of the American Political Science Association from 1918 to 1919. He died on 29 August 1925 in Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania. \"The constitutional ideal is noble; but the politicians are vile. If only the checks could be made more effective, if only a just balance of power could be established beyond the strength of the politicians to disarrange ... the constitution would work perfectly.\" The works marked with (e-book) are freely availables from Project Gutenberg: Henry Jones Ford Henry Jones Ford (25 August","title":"Henry Jones Ford"},{"psg_id":"16998703","text":"Henry Ford Kamel Henry Ford Kofi Kamel (21 December 1961 – 25 December 2012) was a Ghanaian banker and politician. He was the Member of Parliament for the Buem constituency from January 2005 and also the Volta Region Minister from March 2012 until his death on 25 December 2012. Kamel trained as a banker and worked as the Managing Director of the North Volta Rural Bank Limited. Kamel was a member of the National Democratic Congress. He won his last election on 7 December 2012 by a majority of 13,627. He first won the seat in the 2004 election replacing","title":"Henry Ford Kamel"},{"psg_id":"15347840","text":"converted carousel building and Pullman cars on a siding of the Greenfield Village railroad. Classes are expected to include use of the museum artifacts, a tradition of the original Village Schools. When the Museum was established in 1929, it included a school which served grades kindergarten to college/trade school ages. The last part of the original school closed in 1969. The new school restarted with a group of 100 freshman in 1997. The Henry Ford Learning Institute is using the Henry Ford Academy model for further charter schools including Power House High School in Chicago and Alameda School for Art","title":"Henry Ford Academy"},{"psg_id":"5822872","text":"among whom was Henry Ford. The Association used donations from its members to purchase a site at Grand Boulevard and Hamilton, and to hire architect William Stratton to design the hospital. Construction on the original seven buildings began in 1912, but the Association soon realized that its $600,000 budget was far too small to complete the hospital. However, in 1914, Henry Ford offered to complete the project and pay off the original donors, in exchange for complete control. The Association accepted, and construction continued. The original seven buildings—a service building, power house, garage, private patient building, surgical pavilion, and two","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"16298612","text":"and analytics, and other areas of the business on technical matters. They also play a major consultative role to the VP, Research & Advanced Engineering and Chief Technology Officer in the development of corporate technical strategy and plans, and serve as champions of the Technical Specialist Program in the Company. To date, there have been 15 individuals appointed as a Henry Ford Technical Fellow. Henry Ford Technical Fellow In 1994, Ford Motor Company created the position of the Henry Ford Technical Fellow. The appointment to Fellow is the most prestigious technical leadership position in the Company. It is intended to","title":"Henry Ford Technical Fellow"},{"psg_id":"13989481","text":"(costing $120,000), which was part of a parcel of land known as Southfield Woods. The building cost was $2.275M. At that time Ford consisted mainly of classrooms and a cafeteria – there was no 11th or 12th grade until the fall of 1959. Ford had no gym, auditorium, or laboratory facilities. Its initial capacity was designed for 1,225 people. The initial enrollment was 1,541 students and 64 faculty. Construction of additional facilities were completed by the end of 1962. The Trojans won the school's first state title in 2016 when they captured the boys basketball state championship. Henry Ford High","title":"Henry Ford High School (Detroit, Michigan)"},{"psg_id":"4965340","text":"campus is located on the southwest corner of Ford Road and Evergreen, just north of the University of Michigan-Dearborn campus. The newest campus, East Campus, is home to two buildings - HFC's Michigan Technical Education Center (M-TEC) and the new state-of-the-art nursing building. East Campus is located on Schaefer Road just north of Rotunda. Henry Ford College Henry Ford College (HFC) is a public two-year college in Dearborn, Michigan. The school, established in 1938, is accredited by North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the Michigan Commission on College Accreditation. The school was originally named Fordson Junior College when","title":"Henry Ford College"},{"psg_id":"11638992","text":"Ford made \"Young Mr. Lincoln\" and \"Drums Along the Mohawk\", both with Henry Fonda. The latter was Ford's first film shot in Technicolor. In 1940 Ford made \"The Grapes of Wrath\" with Fonda and \"The Long Voyage Home\" with Wayne and Mitchell. For the former film Ford received his second Academy Award for Best Director and the Best Supporting Actress for Jane Darwell. He followed these films in 1941 with \"How Green Was My Valley\", which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, brought Ford his third Academy Award for Best Director and the Best Supporting Actor Award to Donald","title":"John Ford filmography"},{"psg_id":"18177545","text":"Ford World Headquarters The Ford World Headquarters, also known as the Henry Ford II World Center and popularly known as the Glass House, is the administrative headquarters for Ford Motor Company, a 12-story, glass-faced office building designed to accommodate a staff of approximately 3,000. The building is located at 1 American Road at Michigan Avenue in Dearborn, Michigan, near Ford's historic Rouge plant, Greenfield Village, the Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn's Henry Ford Centennial Library, and Fair Lane, Henry Ford's personal estate. In 2008, columnist George Will said the building opened at \"the peak of American confidence\" and described the headquarters","title":"Ford World Headquarters"},{"psg_id":"172111","text":"directors. Nothing happened until 1945 when, with bankruptcy a serious risk, Edsel's widow led an ouster and installed her son, Henry Ford II, as president. The young man took full control, and forced out Harry Bennett in a purge of the old guard in 1947. In the early 1920s, Ford sponsored a weekly newspaper that published strongly antisemitic views. At the same time, Ford had a reputation as one of the few major corporations actively hiring black workers, and was not accused of discrimination against Jewish workers or suppliers. He also hired women and handicapped men at a time when","title":"Henry Ford"},{"psg_id":"5822876","text":"clinic tower, construction of which began in 1951. The new clinic building opened in 1953 however construction returned to the campus in 1957 when Albert Kahn Associates designed an addition of two floors for the main building. In 1951, doctors Conrad Lam and Edward Munnell developed a technique for the correction of mitral valve stenosis, using a special six-finger glove with a knife attached to the sixth mid-palm finger. In 1952, Henry Ford Hospital vascular surgeon, doctor D. Emerick Szilagyi, performed one of the world's first grafts of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. In 1956, Henry Ford Hospital cardiothoracic surgeon Dr.","title":"Henry Ford Hospital"},{"psg_id":"14608311","text":"The house is a symmetric two-story Greek Revival farmhouse with a recessed, pillared porch on the ground level. Single-story wings extend to each side of the main section. The house is sided with narrow boards, and sits on a fieldstone foundation. The interior of the house contains a pantry and three bedrooms on the ground floor, and one large bedroom on the second floor. Bathrooms were added at a later date. The interior has oak floors and black walnut woodwork. John Pennington–Henry Ford House The John Pennington–Henry Ford House, also known as the John Banks House, is a private residence","title":"John Pennington–Henry Ford House"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14155289\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Square House The Henry Ford Square House (also known as the Henry Ford Honeymoon House) is a single-family house located at 29835 Beechwood Avenue in Garden City, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Henry Ford and Clara Jane Bryant were married on April 11, 1888. Soon after, they began construction on this house, then located at the corner of Ford Road and what is now the Southfield Freeway. Clara drew the plans, specifying the kitchen, sitting room, parlor and bedroom. Henry built\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Square House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1520747\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford II Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 – September 29, 1987), sometimes known as \\\"HF2\\\" or \\\"Hank the Deuce\\\", was the eldest son of Edsel Ford and eldest grandson of Henry Ford. He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman for several months thereafter. Notably, under the leadership of Henry Ford II, Ford Motor Company became a publicly traded corporation in 1956. From 1943 to 1950, he also served as president of the Ford Foundation. Henry Ford II was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Eleanor Clay\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1520760\",\n \"text\": \"service at Christ Church Grosse Pointe, his remains were cremated and the ashes scattered. Henry Ford II Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 – September 29, 1987), sometimes known as \\\"HF2\\\" or \\\"Hank the Deuce\\\", was the eldest son of Edsel Ford and eldest grandson of Henry Ford. He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960, chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman for several months thereafter. Notably, under the leadership of Henry Ford II, Ford Motor Company became a publicly traded corporation in 1956. From 1943 to 1950, he also served as president of\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7748651\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Pan when Barrie's play was staged in the West End for the first time in 1904. Ford's wide-ranging interests brought him into contact and friendship with many well-known figures of his time, including the writers PG Wodehouse, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and AEW Mason. Studies in Illustration, Number 43, Winter 2009. Henry Justice Ford Henry Justice Ford (1860–1941) was a prolific and successful English artist and illustrator, active from 1886 through to the late 1920s. Sometimes known as H. J. Ford or Henry J. Ford, he came to public attention when he provided the numerous beautiful illustrations for Andrew\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Justice Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172085\",\n \"text\": \"over to his son Edsel Ford in December 1918. Henry retained final decision authority and sometimes reversed the decisions of his son. Ford started another company, Henry Ford and Son, and made a show of taking himself and his best employees to the new company; the goal was to scare the remaining holdout stockholders of the Ford Motor Company to sell their stakes to him before they lost most of their value. (He was determined to have full control over strategic decisions.) The ruse worked, and Ford and Edsel purchased all remaining stock from the other investors, thus giving the\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1520753\",\n \"text\": \"key financial roles for several decades and helped to establish Ford Finance's reputation as one of the best Finance organizations in the world. As a team, the \\\"whiz kids\\\" are probably best remembered as the design team for the 1949 Ford, which they took from concept to production in nineteen months, and which re-established Ford as a formidable automotive company. It was reported that 100,000 orders for this car were taken the day it was introduced to the market. Henry Ford II was president of Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960. In 1956, under his leadership, the company became\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7748647\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Justice Ford Henry Justice Ford (1860–1941) was a prolific and successful English artist and illustrator, active from 1886 through to the late 1920s. Sometimes known as H. J. Ford or Henry J. Ford, he came to public attention when he provided the numerous beautiful illustrations for Andrew Lang's Fairy Books, which captured the imagination of a generation of British children and were sold worldwide in the 1880s and 1890s. After education at Repton School and Clare College, Cambridge - where he gained a first class in the Classical Tripos in 1882 - Ford returned to London to study at\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Justice Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8384100\",\n \"text\": \"are six hospitals within the health system: The Henry Ford Health System operates eight emergency departments (ED), also known as emergency rooms (ER). The Henry Ford Health System operates forty general medical centers and seven specialized medical facilities. Henry Ford Health System The Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) is a comprehensive, integrated, non-profit, managed care, health care organization in Metro Detroit. The corporate office is at One Ford Place, Detroit, Michigan. Henry Ford established the health system in 1915, and it is currently run by a 17-member board of trustees. Henry Ford also owns the health insurance company Health Alliance\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Health System\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172072\",\n \"text\": \"to control the company permanently. Ford was also widely known for his pacifism during the first years of World War I, and for promoting antisemitic content, including \\\"The Protocols of the Elders of Zion\\\" through his newspaper \\\"The Dearborn Independent\\\" and the book \\\"The International Jew\\\", having an influence on the development of Nazism and Adolf Hitler. Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on a farm in Greenfield Township, Michigan. His father, William Ford (1826–1905), was born in County Cork, Ireland, to a family that was originally from Somerset, England. His mother, Mary Ford (née Litogot; 1839–1876), was born\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9513655\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Bridge The Henry Ford Bridge, also known as the Badger Avenue Bridge, carries the Pacific Harbor Line railroad across the Cerritos Channel to Terminal Island from San Pedro, to serve the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach. It is located in Los Angeles County, Southern California. It was built to accommodate operations at the Ford Long Beach Assembly plant which opened in 1930 and was closed in 1959. The original 1924 bascule bridge was dismantled and replaced in 1996 by a vertical-lift bridge. The contract for the bascule bridge was placed by The Los Angeles\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7748650\",\n \"text\": \"Ford settled down in Bedford Gardens, Kensington for several years and, in 1927, the couple adopted a child, June Mary Magdelene Ford. The seated model in Henry Justice Ford's painting 'Remembering Happier Times', now in the collection of the Russell-Cotes Art Gallery, Bournemouth, bears a strong resemblance to Ford's wife, Emily. His love of the game led Henry Justice Ford to play cricket regularly with the playwright JM Barrie's Allahakbarrie Cricket Club. This in turn led to Ford providing the well-known map of Kensington Gardens in Barrie's 'The Little White Bird.' He also designed the costume for the character of\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Justice Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3776896\",\n \"text\": \"Tour. The Henry Ford is sited between the Ford Dearborn Development Center and several Ford engineering buildings with which it shares the same style gates and brick fences. In 1970, the museum purchased what it believed to be a 17th-century Brewster Chair, created for one of the Pilgrim settlers in the Plymouth Colony, for $9,000. In September 1977, the chair was determined to be a modern forgery created in 1969 by Rhode Island sculptor Armand LaMontagne. The museum retains the piece as an educational tool on forgeries. In the early 2000s, the museum added an auditorium to the building's south\",\n \"title\": \"The Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1942696\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Company The Henry Ford Company was the second company for Henry Ford, founded November 1901. It resulted from the reorganization of the Detroit Automobile Company, his first unsuccessful attempt at automobile manufacture a year before. In March 1902, Ford left the company following a dispute with his financial backers, William Murphy and Lemuel Bowen, as Ford was devoting considerable time to the sport of auto racing and his Ford 999 race car. In a final settlement, Ford left with his name and US $900; he went on to start the Ford Motor Company in 1903 at the Ford\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Company\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3776912\",\n \"text\": \"experiences, designed by award-winning experience designer Bob Rogers and the design team BRC Imagination Arts, offers two multi-screen theaters, numerous touchscreen interpretive displays and overlook the world's largest \\\"Green\\\" roof, atop the factory. Visitors then walk through the working assembly plant. The Henry Ford The Henry Ford (also known as the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation and Greenfield Village, and as the Edison Institute) is a large indoor and outdoor history museum complex and a National Historic Landmark in the Detroit suburb of Dearborn, Michigan, United States. The museum collection contains the presidential limousine of John F. Kennedy, Abraham\",\n \"title\": \"The Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3776892\",\n \"text\": \"The Henry Ford The Henry Ford (also known as the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation and Greenfield Village, and as the Edison Institute) is a large indoor and outdoor history museum complex and a National Historic Landmark in the Detroit suburb of Dearborn, Michigan, United States. The museum collection contains the presidential limousine of John F. Kennedy, Abraham Lincoln's chair from Ford's Theatre, Thomas Edison's laboratory, the Wright Brothers' bicycle shop, the Rosa Parks bus, and many other historical exhibits. It is the largest indoor-outdoor museum complex in the United States and is visited by over 1.7 million people\",\n \"title\": \"The Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3776895\",\n \"text\": \"their electric lights until the switch was flipped at the Museum. The Edison Institute was, at first, a private site for educational purposes only, but after numerous inquiries about the complex, it was opened as a museum to the general public on June 22, 1933. It was originally composed of the Henry Ford Museum, Greenfield Village, and the Greenfield Village Schools (an experimental learning facility). Initially, Greenfield Village and the Henry Ford Museum were owned by the Ford Motor Company, which is currently a sponsor of the school and cooperates with the Henry Ford to provide the Ford Rouge Factory\",\n \"title\": \"The Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822879\",\n \"text\": \"other Henry Ford Hospital and Yale researchers identified the location of a gene on chromosome 10, linked to hereditary medullary thyroid cancer. In 1993, the gene itself was identified. Also in 1987, Henry Ford was the first in Michigan to use iodine radium implant seeds to combat cancerous cells in the prostate. In 1988, Detroit's first liver transplant was performed at Henry Ford Hospital. In 1994, Henry Ford Hospital performed the first lung transplant in the Detroit Metropolitan Area, making it the only facility in metro Detroit to perform all solid organ transplants. In 1995, Henry Ford Hospital conducted Michigan's\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4965335\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford College Henry Ford College (HFC) is a public two-year college in Dearborn, Michigan. The school, established in 1938, is accredited by North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the Michigan Commission on College Accreditation. The school was originally named Fordson Junior College when it was established in 1938. It adopted the name Dearborn Junior College in 1946, then Henry Ford Community College (HFCC) in 1952, after the Henry Ford Trade School which closed and whose assets were transferred to the Dearborn School Board of Education. The name was shortened to Henry Ford College in 2014. HFC offers\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1520752\",\n \"text\": \"Ernest Breech and Lewis Crusoe away from the Bendix Corporation. Breech was to serve in the coming years as HF2's business mentor, and the Breech–Crusoe team would form the core of Ford's business expertise, offering much-needed experience. Additionally, Henry Ford II hired ten young up-and-comers, known as the \\\"Whiz Kids\\\". These ten, gleaned from an Army Air Forces statistical team, Henry Ford II envisioned as giving the company the ability to innovate and stay current. Two of them, Arjay Miller and Robert McNamara, went on to serve as presidents of Ford themselves. A third member, J. Edward Lundy, served in\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1942699\",\n \"text\": \"built. It is approximately half a mile southwest from Cadillac Place, GM's headquarters from 1922 until 2001, when GM moved to the GM Renaissance Center next to the Detroit River. Henry Ford Company The Henry Ford Company was the second company for Henry Ford, founded November 1901. It resulted from the reorganization of the Detroit Automobile Company, his first unsuccessful attempt at automobile manufacture a year before. In March 1902, Ford left the company following a dispute with his financial backers, William Murphy and Lemuel Bowen, as Ford was devoting considerable time to the sport of auto racing and his\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Company\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822863\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Hospital Henry Ford Hospital (HFH) is an 877-bed tertiary care hospital, education and research complex at the western edge of the New Center area in Detroit, Michigan. The flagship facility for the Henry Ford Health System, it is one of the first hospitals in the United States to use a standard fee schedule and favor private or semi-private rooms over large wards. It also is the first hospital in the country to form a closed, salaried medical staff. As founder Henry Ford viewed tobacco as being unhealthy, the hospital was one of the first hospitals in the United\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6229533\",\n \"text\": \"Henry P. Ford Henry Parker Ford (October 15, 1837 – April 21, 1905) was Mayor of Pittsburgh from 1896 to 1899. Henry Parker Ford was born in Hudson, New York in 1837. He first worked as an accountant, experiencing much success in the trade. His skills in finance served him well in the expanding commercial center of Pittsburgh and led to his association in many industries in the city. He founded Emerson, Ford and Company, a manufacturing concern whose specialty was saw blades. In 1881 he was elected to city council. For a city that sometimes goes by the nickname\",\n \"title\": \"Henry P. Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5893940\",\n \"text\": \"urgent care centers, and a pediatric and birthing care. Henry Ford Allegiance Health operates the Henry Ford Allegiance Specialty Hospital (formerly CareLink of Jackson) to provide long-term acute care. The Health System also provides care at family medical centers in Albion, Brooklyn, Grass Lake, Jackson, Leslie, Mason, Onsted and Spring Arbor. Henry Ford Allegiance Radiation Oncology offers cancer care as part of the Henry Ford Cancer Institute. Henry Ford Allegiance Health was founded in 1918 as W.A. Foote Memorial Hospital when a local citizen, Mrs. Ida Foote, donated land for construction of the new hospital in honor of her late\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Allegiance Health\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6229534\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"city of bridges\\\" and claims to have more bridges than any other city outside of Venice, Italy, Mayor Ford was perfect. He was the founder of the city's Department of Bridges during his term. Mayor Ford also oversaw the creation of Pittsburgh Police Department's Bicycle patrol in 1896 as well as the first water filtration in the city. Ford died in 1905. He is buried in Homewood Cemetery on the city's east end. Henry P. Ford Henry Parker Ford (October 15, 1837 – April 21, 1905) was Mayor of Pittsburgh from 1896 to 1899. Henry Parker Ford was born in\",\n \"title\": \"Henry P. Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822867\",\n \"text\": \"a two-story, $35 million addition at the hospital. Henry Ford has a robust medical education program, where more than 500 residents in 40 specialties train every day. One-third of all physicians in Michigan receive training at Henry Ford, and its post-graduate medical education enterprise is among the largest in the country. Research programs at Henry Ford Hospital have total annual funding exceeding $70 million. The National Institutes of Health is the primary funding source for Henry Ford's research programs. Henry Ford physicians and researchers are currently involved in more than 1,700 research projects, including those focused on stroke and traumatic\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11815208\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Centennial Library The Henry Ford Centennial Library is the main branch of the Dearborn Public Libraries in Dearborn, Michigan in Metro Detroit. It is located at 16301 Michigan Avenue. In 1963, to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the birth of Henry Ford, the Ford Foundation donated three million dollars to the City of Dearborn to construct a memorial library. On July 30, 1963, Ford's hundredth birthday, the Ford Motor Company deeded of land to the City of Dearborn for the building. The library was formally dedicated November 25, 1969. Henry Ford Centennial Library's original floorplan designs included large\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Centennial Library\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172077\",\n \"text\": \"help of C. Harold Wills, Ford designed, built, and successfully raced a 26-horsepower automobile in October 1901. With this success, Murphy and other stockholders in the Detroit Automobile Company formed the Henry Ford Company on November 30, 1901, with Ford as chief engineer. In 1902, Murphy brought in Henry M. Leland as a consultant; Ford, in response, left the company bearing his name. With Ford gone, Murphy renamed the company the Cadillac Automobile Company. Teaming up with former racing cyclist Tom Cooper, Ford also produced the 80+ horsepower racer \\\"999\\\" which Barney Oldfield was to drive to victory in a\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822864\",\n \"text\": \"States to institute a total ban on smoking. Henry Ford Hospital is staffed by the Henry Ford Medical Group, one of the nation's largest and oldest group practices with 1,200 physicians in more than 40 specialties. Henry Ford Hospital, which opened in 1915, is a Level 1 trauma center, recognized for clinical excellence and innovations in the fields of cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, neurology, neurosurgery, orthopedics, sports medicine, organ transplants, and treatment for prostate, breast and lung cancers. Henry Ford Hospital annually trains more than 500 residents and 125 fellows in 46 accredited programs. Through its affiliation with Wayne State University,\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9513656\",\n \"text\": \"Board of Harbor Commissioners in 1922. The bridge was designed by Joseph Baermann Strauss and fabricated by the American Bridge Company. It was formed of a pair of trunnion bascule leaves which formed a one span Warren through-truss. There were two tower spans and two timber approaches. Henry Ford Bridge The Henry Ford Bridge, also known as the Badger Avenue Bridge, carries the Pacific Harbor Line railroad across the Cerritos Channel to Terminal Island from San Pedro, to serve the Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach. It is located in Los Angeles County, Southern California. It was\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8384099\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Health System The Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) is a comprehensive, integrated, non-profit, managed care, health care organization in Metro Detroit. The corporate office is at One Ford Place, Detroit, Michigan. Henry Ford established the health system in 1915, and it is currently run by a 17-member board of trustees. Henry Ford also owns the health insurance company Health Alliance Plan. The Henry Ford Health System generates 4.2 million patient contacts yearly, and more than 113,000 patients are admitted to Henry Ford hospitals annually. Henry Ford health care providers perform more than 100,400 surgical procedures each year. There\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Health System\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172070\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Although Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line, he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle-class Americans could afford. In doing so, Ford converted the automobile from an expensive curiosity into a practical conveyance that would profoundly impact the landscape of the 20th century. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822865\",\n \"text\": \"more than 400 medical students train at the hospital each academic year. The Detroit hospital and campus is led by president and CEO, doctor of medicine, John Popovich, Jr. Henry Ford Hospital is an 877-bed hospital located in Detroit's New Center area. The hospital is staffed by the 1,200 physicians and scientists in the Henry Ford Medical Group. The model for the Henry Ford Medical Group is the same model used at the Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Cleveland Clinic. Henry Ford Hospital operates a Level 1 Trauma Center and has one of the busiest emergency rooms in\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7748649\",\n \"text\": \"Ford, a well known bill discounter. His father, (a solicitor by profession) and many of his family were cricketers. His father wrote a number of articles and books on the subject and Ford's brother, Francis Ford (1866-1940) played for England in an Ashes series in Australia. At the age of 61, Ford surprised his friends by marrying a woman some thirty-five years younger. She was Emily Amelia Hoff (née Rose), a widow whose first husband had been killed in the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915. Following the marriage in Kensington Register Office in February 1921, Henry and Emily\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Justice Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822869\",\n \"text\": \"Ford Health System, one of the country's largest health care systems and a national leader in clinical care, research and education. It includes the 1,200-member Henry Ford Medical Group, five hospitals, the Health Alliance Plan, 30 primary care centers and many other health-related entities throughout Southeast Michigan. In 2009 alone, Henry Ford provided more than $173 million in uncompensated care. The health system plans to invest $500 million to expand the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, and employs more than 23,000. Founded in 1915 by auto pioneer Henry Ford and now one of the nation's leading health care providers, Henry\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172141\",\n \"text\": \"in the nursery rhyme, \\\"Mary Had a Little Lamb\\\", from Sterling, Massachusetts, and purchased the historic Wayside Inn. This plan never saw fruition. Ford repeated the concept of collecting historic structures with the creation of Greenfield Village in Dearborn, Michigan. It may have inspired the creation of Old Sturbridge Village as well. About the same time, he began collecting materials for his museum, which had a theme of practical technology. It was opened in 1929 as the Edison Institute. Although greatly modernized, the museum continues today. Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1520757\",\n \"text\": \"by Henry Ford II, who stated: \\\"No car with my name on the hood is going to have a Jap engine inside.\\\" Although, strictly speaking, it was too late for that, as the Ford Motor Company had been selling a Mazda compact pickup truck as the Ford Courier since late 1971, Henry Ford II did not like the idea of flagship North American passenger car models moving in that direction. Ford Motor Company did go on to adapt to the era in which Japanese, German, and American participation in a globalized automobile industry became tightly integrated. For example, Ford's relationship\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172071\",\n \"text\": \"and American industry. As the owner of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with \\\"Fordism\\\": mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put dealerships throughout most of North America and in major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation and arranged for his family\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5893944\",\n \"text\": \"a letter of intent for Allegiance to become absorbed by the University of Michigan. It was expected that the arrangement would take 18 months to finalize. By November 2014, Allegiance announced they were not able to come to an agreement and would be looking for other partner organizations. On November 10, 2015 Allegiance announced an agreement to join the Henry Ford Health System The acquisition completed on April 1, 2016. Henry Ford Allegiance Health Henry Ford Allegiance Health is a 475-bed health system in Jackson in the U.S. state of Michigan. Henry Ford Allegiance Health has more than 400 physicians\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Allegiance Health\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17668433\",\n \"text\": \"Port Elizabeth in April 1820. His wife was Frances Stransham 40, and with their 7 children, they were members of Bailie's Party of 256 Settlers on the ship \\\"Chapman\\\". The area allocated to the Party lay midway between Bathurst and the Great Fish River mouth and was named Cuylerville after Col. Jacob Cuyler. The children were Frances Jane Ford 14, James Samuel Ford 13, George Henry Ford 11, Edward Stransham Ford 9, Adelaide Elizabeth Ford 8, Jane Murray Ford 6, and John Henry Ford 3. Andrew Smith made the acquaintance of the Ford family in 1821 when he was visiting\",\n \"title\": \"George Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822866\",\n \"text\": \"Michigan, treating nearly 100,000 patients annually. Henry Ford Hospital performs organ transplants in many areas, including heart, lung, kidney, bone marrow, pancreas and liver. Henry Ford Hospital's Vattikuti Urology Institute operates the largest robotic prostatectomy program in the world. The robotic prostate surgery was created at Henry Ford and more than 5,000 men have has successful robotic prostate surgery. In 2009, Henry Ford Hospital opened 24 new private intensive care rooms, bringing its total to 156 intensive care rooms at the Detroit campus, more than any hospital in Michigan. The opening of the new floor is the final piece of\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15347841\",\n \"text\": \"+ Design in San Antonio, Texas. The building received the international annual design award of the Council of Educational Facilities Planners International for 2001, the James D. MacConnell Award for outstanding new educational facilities. Henry Ford Academy Henry Ford Academy is the first charter school in the United States to be developed jointly by a global corporation, public education, and a major nonprofit cultural institution. The school is sponsored by the Ford Motor Company, Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency and The Henry Ford Museum and admits high school students. It is located in Dearborn, Michigan on the campus of\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822880\",\n \"text\": \"first radiosurgery treatment for patients with inoperable tumors using the three-dimensional x-knife system. In 1996, Henry Ford Hospital performed the state's first split-liver transplant, during which a donor's liver was split in two and the separate pieces transplanted into two patients. In 1998, Henry Ford Hospital became the first hospital in Michigan to offer genetic testing for breast cancer. In 2000, Henry Ford Hospital performed Michigan's first adult-to-adult, living donor liver transplant. In 2001, the Vattikuti Urology Institute, under the direction of doctor of medicine Mani Menon, was the first in the United States to perform surgery using a robotic\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822890\",\n \"text\": \"National Quality Forum and The Joint Commission to receive the John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety and Quality Award. The No Harm Campaign was recognized for successfully reducing harm events by 26% and system-wide mortality by 12% from 2008-2011. Additionally, Henry Ford Hospital received the 2010 American Hospital Association-McKesson Quest for Quality finalist award. The prize honors hospitals that have committed in a systematic manner to achieving the Institute of Medicine's six quality aims—safety, patient-centeredness, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, and equity. The Henry Ford Health System Police Authority provides safety and security for the Henry Ford Hospital campus along with its satellite\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15838158\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford (Tiverton MP) Sir Henry Ford (January 1617 – 1684), of Nutwell in Devon was four times MP for Tiverton between 1664 and 1685 and twice Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1669–70 and 1672-73. Ford was the eldest son of Henry Ford (d.1616) of Bagtor in the parish of Ilsington, Devon by his wife Katharine Drake, daughter and sole heiress of George Drake of Spratshays in Littleham, Devon. His grandfather was Thomas Ford (1556–1610) of Bagtor in the parish of Ilsington, by his wife Elizabeth Popham (d.1629) of the Popham family of Huntworth in Somerset. Her monument\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford (Tiverton MP)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172084\",\n \"text\": \"final total production was 15,007,034. This record stood for the next 45 years. This record was achieved in 19 years from the introduction of the first Model T (1908). President Woodrow Wilson asked Ford to run as a Democrat for the United States Senate from Michigan in 1918. Although the nation was at war, Ford ran as a peace candidate and a strong supporter of the proposed League of Nations. Ford was defeated in a close election by the Republican candidate, Truman Newberry, a former United States Secretary of the Navy. Henry Ford turned the presidency of Ford Motor Company\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15347839\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Academy Henry Ford Academy is the first charter school in the United States to be developed jointly by a global corporation, public education, and a major nonprofit cultural institution. The school is sponsored by the Ford Motor Company, Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency and The Henry Ford Museum and admits high school students. It is located in Dearborn, Michigan on the campus of the Henry Ford museum. Enrollment is taken from a lottery in the area and totaled 467 in 2010. Freshman meet inside the main museum building in glass walled classrooms, while older students use a\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822873\",\n \"text\": \"other small buildings—were completed by 1915, and Henry Ford Hospital opened its doors to patients on October 1. Henry Ford organized a closed staff of physicians and surgeons, many of whom came from Johns Hopkins, including medical chief Frank J. Sladen and surgical chief Roy Donaldson McClure. In 1917, it was determined that more space was needed for the hospital, and Ford Motor Company architect Albert Wood was hired to design a new hospital. Contractor Albert A. Albrecht was hired to construct the new hospital, but World War I intervened before construction was complete. In 1918, Ford loaned the semi-completed\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8151576\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford (illustrator) Henry Chapman Ford (1828–1894) was an American illustrator. His depictions of California's missions were partially responsible for the revival of interest in the state's Spanish heritage. Ford was born in Livonia, New York. He studied art in Paris and Florence late in the 1850s. During the Civil War, he was a soldier assigned to prepare illustrations of interest to the military. After the war, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, where, in 1871, his studio was destroyed in the \\\"Great Fire\\\". In 1875, he settled in Santa Barbara, California, where he would live out his days. Ford traveled\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford (illustrator)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3776898\",\n \"text\": \"manuscript and archival material which is rarely displayed, to allow visitors to gain a deeper understanding of American people, places, events, and things. The Research Center also contains the Ford Motor Archives. To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the RMS \\\"Titanic\\\", the Henry Ford Museum exhibited a vast array of artifacts and media documenting the \\\"Titanic\\\"s voyage and demise. The exhibit was hosted from 31 March to 30 September 2012. Greenfield Village, the outdoor living history museum section of the Henry Ford complex, was (along with the adjacent Henry Ford Museum) dedicated in 1929 and opened to\",\n \"title\": \"The Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1520759\",\n \"text\": \"to the success of the Ford Mustang, in 1964, but fired Iacocca due to personal disputes in 1978 (about the break in their relationship, Iacocca quoted Ford as saying, \\\"Sometimes you just don't like somebody\\\"). He formally retired from all positions at Ford Motor Company on October 1, 1982, upon reaching the company's mandatory retirement age of 65, but remained the ultimate source of authority at Ford until his death in 1987. Henry Ford II was married three times: Ford died of pneumonia in Detroit at Henry Ford Hospital on September 29, 1987, at age 70. After a private funeral\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822870\",\n \"text\": \"Ford Health System is a not-for-profit corporation managed by Chief Executive Officer Wright L. Lassiter, III and governed by a 17-member Board of Trustees, with volunteer-led advisory and affiliate boards providing additional leadership. The system is governed by a board of trustees. Advisory and affiliate boards include 150 volunteer leaders, who provide vital links to the communities served by the System. Henry Ford is managed by President and Chief Executive Officer Wright Lassiter, III. More than 30,000 total Henry Ford Health System employees provide care during the more than 4.24 million annual patient contacts. Henry Ford health care providers perform\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822881\",\n \"text\": \"system for the treatment of prostate cancer: the first outpatient robotic prostatectomy. Also in 2001, doctors at Henry Ford Hospital became the first in Michigan to use gene therapy for the treatment of brain tumors. In 2005, doctor Scott Dulchavsky, chair of the department of Surgery at Henry Ford Hospital, expanded uses for ultrasound technology for physicians and non-medical personnel; these procedures can be used as an accurate diagnostic tool when coupled with the Internet, a telephone or wireless transmission of ultrasound images to experts from a patient in rural areas or in space. Also in 2005, Henry Ford Medical\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17668438\",\n \"text\": \"(Ford's boa). George Henry Ford George Henry Ford aka G. H. Ford (20 May 1808 in London – July 1876 in London), was a South African natural history illustrator of exceptional merit who joined the British Museum in 1837. At first he portrayed animals and produced the plates in Sir Andrew Smith’s \\\"Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa\\\" (1838-1847). He was the son of an English farmer in the Cape, James Edward Ford, who was himself a talented miniaturist. Capt. James Edward Ford, one of the 1820 Settlers, was born in England in 1770, and emigrated to South Africa,\",\n \"title\": \"George Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17668432\",\n \"text\": \"George Henry Ford George Henry Ford aka G. H. Ford (20 May 1808 in London – July 1876 in London), was a South African natural history illustrator of exceptional merit who joined the British Museum in 1837. At first he portrayed animals and produced the plates in Sir Andrew Smith’s \\\"Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa\\\" (1838-1847). He was the son of an English farmer in the Cape, James Edward Ford, who was himself a talented miniaturist. Capt. James Edward Ford, one of the 1820 Settlers, was born in England in 1770, and emigrated to South Africa, landing at\",\n \"title\": \"George Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8151578\",\n \"text\": \"Santa Barbara. Henry Ford (illustrator) Henry Chapman Ford (1828–1894) was an American illustrator. His depictions of California's missions were partially responsible for the revival of interest in the state's Spanish heritage. Ford was born in Livonia, New York. He studied art in Paris and Florence late in the 1850s. During the Civil War, he was a soldier assigned to prepare illustrations of interest to the military. After the war, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, where, in 1871, his studio was destroyed in the \\\"Great Fire\\\". In 1875, he settled in Santa Barbara, California, where he would live out his days.\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford (illustrator)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18557113\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford (professor) Henry Ford (c.1753 – 26 July 1813) was an academic at the University of Oxford, who held the positions of Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic (1780–1813) and Principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford (1788–1813). Henry Ford, from Cranbrook in Kent, joined the University of Oxford on 9 July 1776, at the age of 23, matriculating as a member of Pembroke College. He later became a member of Christ Church and obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1780. He was appointed Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic straight after obtaining his degree. He was not the only candidate: William\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford (professor)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172073\",\n \"text\": \"in Michigan as the youngest child of Belgian immigrants; her parents died when she was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns. Henry Ford's siblings were Margaret Ford (1867–1938); Jane Ford (c. 1868–1945); William Ford (1871–1917) and Robert Ford (1873–1934). His father gave him a pocket watch in his early teens. At 15, Ford dismantled and reassembled the timepieces of friends and neighbors dozens of times, gaining the reputation of a watch repairman. At twenty, Ford walked four miles to their Episcopal church every Sunday. Ford was devastated when his mother died in 1876. His father expected\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1520748\",\n \"text\": \"Ford and Edsel Ford on September 4, 1917. He, brothers Benson and William, and sister Josephine, grew up amid affluence. He graduated from The Hotchkiss School in 1936. He attended Yale University, where he served on the business staff of \\\"The Yale Record\\\", the campus humor magazine, but left in 1940 before graduation. When his father Edsel, president of Ford, died of cancer in May 1943 (during World War II), Henry Ford II was serving in the Navy and unable to take over the presidency of the family-owned business. The elderly and ailing Henry Ford, company founder, re-assumed the presidency.\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822882\",\n \"text\": \"Group began using e-prescribing to cut prescription costs and improve quality. HFMG physicians now write more than 20,000 electronic prescriptions weekly, helping improve their overall generic use rate by 7.3 percent. In 2008, Henry Ford Hospital became the first hospital in southeastern Michigan to perform a new, minimally invasive procedure for back pain that spares the nerves from being nicked and back muscles from being cut. In 2009, Henry Ford Hospital received more than $70 million in research funding. In 2010, Henry Ford Hospital performed Michigan's first intestine transplant. The composite multivisceral transplant procedure included transplant of the patient's small\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822875\",\n \"text\": \"of veins. In 1942, Henry Ford Hospital became one of a few U.S. hospitals selected by the National Research Council as a trial site to test penicillin. In 1943, Henry Ford Hospital's doctor Frank Hartman developed the liquid oxygen tent. In 1944, Henry Ford Hospital became the first hospital to use the now-routine technique of multiple lead electrocardiograms. In 1948, the hospital recognized the need for a new building due to the 600% increase in patients over the preceding 25 years and hired Benjamin L. Smith of the New York firm Vorhees, Walker, Foley and Smith to design a new\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3776906\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford has a Summer Camp. It takes place inside Greenfield Village and the Henry Ford Museum between June and August. It is for children in grades 2-9. Each grade level has a different theme and children who participate in the Summer Camp have the opportunity to look at both the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation and Greenfield Village from different perspectives. Children participate in activities such as: apprenticeships, canoeing, glass blowing and other age-dependent activities. The World Tournament of Historical Base Ball takes place every year in August. Guests get to take a step back in time to\",\n \"title\": \"The Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3776897\",\n \"text\": \"corner. This housed an IMAX theater until January 2016 when museum management decided to change formats for the facility to better fit with its mission. The renovated theater reopened in April of that year. The Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation began as Henry Ford's personal collection of historic objects, which he began collecting as far back as 1906. Today, the 12 acre (49,000 m²) site is primarily a collection of antique machinery, pop culture items, automobiles, locomotives, aircraft, and other items: Behind the scenes, the Benson Ford Research Center uses the resources of The Henry Ford, especially the photographic,\",\n \"title\": \"The Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822889\",\n \"text\": \"it to the hospital. In 2017, The Henry Ford Health System and the Detroit Pistons announced plans to build a new $65 million, \\\"Henry Ford-Detroit Pistons Performance Center\\\", that includes a dedicated 25,000-square-foot sports medicine building, that will also be available to the public, and that will be connected to the performance center. It will be located in the TechTown area of New Center. In 2011, Henry Ford Health System was one of four recipients of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, presented by the president of the United States. In the same year, the hospital was selected by the\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172132\",\n \"text\": \"point B. Nevertheless, Ford did make quite an impact on auto racing during his racing years, and he was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1996. When Edsel Ford, President of Ford Motor Company, died of cancer in May 1943, the elderly and ailing Henry Ford decided to assume the presidency. By this point in his life, he had had several cardiovascular events (variously cited as heart attacks or strokes) and was mentally inconsistent, suspicious, and generally no longer fit for such immense responsibilities. Most of the directors did not want to see him as President.\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1915362\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Jones Ford Henry Jones Ford (25 August 1851 – 29 August 1925) was a political scientist, journalist, university professor, and government official. Her served as president of the American Political Science Association. He was appointed by Woodrow Wilson as the Banking and Insurance Commissioner of New Jersey in 1912. He was born on 25 August 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland. Ford worked as a managing editor and editorial writer from 1872 to 1905, at six different newspapers in three cities Baltimore, New York and Pittsburgh. Later returning to Baltimore, Ford taught at Johns Hopkins University, and afterwards taught at the\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Jones Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18557117\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"in her 80th year\\\". An obituary in \\\"The Gentleman's Magazine\\\" praised Ford's \\\"great and varied acquirements in general science\\\", his \\\"profound knowledge of Oriental literature\\\" and his \\\"unaffected piety, gentleness, and benevolence.\\\" It also described him as \\\"an affectionate husband and tender father.\\\" Henry Ford (professor) Henry Ford (c.1753 – 26 July 1813) was an academic at the University of Oxford, who held the positions of Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic (1780–1813) and Principal of Magdalen Hall, Oxford (1788–1813). Henry Ford, from Cranbrook in Kent, joined the University of Oxford on 9 July 1776, at the age of 23, matriculating\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford (professor)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1942697\",\n \"text\": \"Mack Avenue Plant. In August 1902, Henry M. Leland was brought in by the investors to appraise the plant and equipment prior to selling them. Instead, Leland persuaded them to continue in the automobile business. The Henry Ford Company reorganized that year as Cadillac in honor of Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, the founder of Detroit. Cadillac's first car was completed on October 17, 1902, the 10 horsepower (7 kW) Cadillac. Based on Henry Ford's design (except for the engine, designed by Leland & Faulconer), it was practically identical to the 1903 Ford Model A. Located in Detroit at 450\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Company\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8676968\",\n \"text\": \"Best's propaganda work for the Nazi regime and in 1948 testified at Best's trial for treason. Soon afterward, Shirer released a novel \\\"The Traitor\\\" (1950) in which \\\"the main characters were journalists resembling Shirer and Best.\\\" Robert Henry Best Robert Henry Best (April 16, 1896 – December 16, 1952) was an American foreign correspondent who covered events in Europe for American media outlets during the Interwar period. Later he became a Nazi supporter and well known broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. He was convicted of treason in 1948 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Best was born in\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Henry Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822868\",\n \"text\": \"brain injury, hypertension and heart disease, cancer, bone and joint diseases, the immunological basis of disease, and population studies of allergy, asthma and cancer prevention. Much of Henry Ford Hospital research is translational in nature - from bench to bedside. To this end, basic science studies run the gamut from whole animal physiology to cell and molecular biology to bioengineering with an emphasis on studies that can directly impact patient care. In 2009, Henry Ford researchers published more than 450 articles in peer-reviewed medical journals and attracted $57.4 million in external funding. Henry Ford Hospital is part of the Henry\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15838162\",\n \"text\": \"some important affair, contrived by those who were willing to put him out of the way, he returned no more unto Ireland'. The fact was that his brusque, overbearing manner made him everywhere disliked. He was re-elected MP for Tiverton in the two elections of 1679 and in 1681. Ford died in 1684, aged 65, at Nutwell Court, and was buried in Woodbury Church. Ford left a son Charles, supposed to have died in his minority, and three daughters, married to Drake, Holwell, and Egerton. Henry Ford (Tiverton MP) Sir Henry Ford (January 1617 – 1684), of Nutwell in Devon\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford (Tiverton MP)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14409894\",\n \"text\": \"of 80, saying that it was \\\"A set-up episode, albeit an extremely entertaining one.\\\" What They Died For \\\"What They Died For\\\" is the 16th and penultimate episode of the American Broadcasting Company's final season of the serial drama television series \\\"Lost\\\" and 119th and penultimate episode overall. The episode aired on May 18, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The episode's flash-sideways are centered on Jack Shephard, Desmond Hume, Benjamin Linus and James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford. In the flash-sideways timeline, Desmond Hume (Henry Ian Cusick) continues his attempt to gather all the passengers of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815. In\",\n \"title\": \"What They Died For\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8676957\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Henry Best Robert Henry Best (April 16, 1896 – December 16, 1952) was an American foreign correspondent who covered events in Europe for American media outlets during the Interwar period. Later he became a Nazi supporter and well known broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. He was convicted of treason in 1948 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Best was born in Sumter, South Carolina, a son of Rev. Albert Hartwell Best, a Methodist minister. After graduating from Wofford College in 1916, he joined the Coast Artillery in October 1917. He was commissioned in 1918 and stayed in\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Henry Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172136\",\n \"text\": \"researchers and luminaries. At the time smoking was ubiquitous and was not yet widely associated with health detriment, so Ford's opposition to cigarettes was unusual. Henry Ford long had an interest in materials science and engineering. He enthusiastically described his company's adoption of vanadium steel alloys and subsequent metallurgic R&D work. Ford long had an interest in plastics developed from agricultural products, especially soybeans. He cultivated a relationship with George Washington Carver for this purpose. Soybean-based plastics were used in Ford automobiles throughout the 1930s in plastic parts such as car horns, in paint, etc. This project culminated in 1942,\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172098\",\n \"text\": \"facto\\\" basis even if not an official one, refused to cooperate. For several years, he kept Bennett in charge of talking to the unions that were trying to organize the Ford Motor Company. Sorensen's memoir makes clear that Ford's purpose in putting Bennett in charge was to make sure no agreements were ever reached. The Ford Motor Company was the last Detroit automaker to recognize the UAW. A sit-down strike by the UAW union in April 1941 closed the River Rouge Plant. Sorensen recounted that a distraught Henry Ford was very close to following through with a threat to break\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9905216\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Thomas Ford Michael Thomas Ford (born October 1, 1968) is an American author of primarily gay-themed literature. He is best known for his \\\"My Queer Life\\\" series of humorous essay collections and for his award-winning novels \\\"Last Summer\\\", \\\"Looking for It\\\", \\\"Full Circle\\\", \\\"Changing Tides\\\" and \\\"What We Remember\\\". Michael Thomas Ford is the author of more than fifty books for both young readers and adults. He is best known for his best-selling novels \\\"Last Summer\\\", \\\"Looking for It\\\", and \\\"Full Circle\\\" and for his five essay collections in the \\\"Trials of My Queer Life\\\" series. His work has\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Thomas Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15321906\",\n \"text\": \"Ford and Johnson Chair Company The Ford & Johnson Company was founded by John Sherlock Ford and Henry W. Johnson in Columbus, Ohio in 1867 as a chair manufacturing company. In 1868 the company relocated their factory to Michigan City, Indiana. In 1872 the company moved their headquarters to Chicago where they opened a showroom at 302 Wabash Avenue. They became known as J. S. Ford, Johnson & Company. Ford Johnson established themselves as a high quality manufacturer of Mission Style furniture that was sold across the United States. Ford Johnson was best known for their chairs and settees. They\",\n \"title\": \"Ford and Johnson Chair Company\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1520750\",\n \"text\": \"month. The administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt considered a government takeover of the company in order to ensure continued war production, but the idea never progressed to execution. Henry Ford II left the Navy in July 1943 and joined the company's management a few weeks later. After two years, he assumed presidency of the business on September 21, 1945. Since it had been assumed that Edsel Ford would continue in his capacity as president of the company for much longer than turned out to be the case, Henry Ford II had received little grooming for the position, and he\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15838159\",\n \"text\": \"exists in Ilsington Church. Thomas Ford's grandfather was John Ford (d.1538) of Ashburton (the son and heir of William Ford of Chagford,) who purchased the estate of Bagtor in the parish of Ilsington, which his male heirs successively made their seat. The Elizabethan mansion of the Fords survives today at Bagtor as the service wing of a later house appended in about 1700. Sir Henry Ford was a nephew of the dramatist John Ford (1586-c.1639) Henry Ford was born in January 1617 and was baptised at Littleham on 19 January 1617, four months after his father's death in September 1616.\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford (Tiverton MP)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14507930\",\n \"text\": \"They divorced in Quebec, Canada in 1955. Cristina met Henry Ford II in 1960 during a party at Maxim's in Paris, France. She became Ford's second wife on February 19, 1965 While married to Henry Ford II, she was described by \\\"LIFE magazine\\\" as a \\\"highly effective ambassadress for the Ford Motor Company\\\". In 1969, the \\\"Women's Wear Daily\\\" called her \\\"the complete Italian\\\". In 1973, Cristina Ford was listed on the International Hall of Fame of the International Best Dressed List. In 1976, after eleven years of marriage, 58-year-old Henry Ford II and 47-year-old Cristina Ford ended the marriage,\",\n \"title\": \"Cristina Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172128\",\n \"text\": \"explained, \\\"Automobiles have so completely changed the American's mode of life that today one can hardly imagine being without a car. It is difficult to remember what life was like before Mr. Ford began preaching his doctrine of salvation\\\". For many Germans, Ford embodied the essence of successful Americanism. In \\\"My Life and Work\\\", Ford predicted that if greed, racism, and short-sightedness could be overcome, then economic and technological development throughout the world would progress to the point that international trade would no longer be based on (what today would be called) colonial or neocolonial models and would truly benefit\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172134\",\n \"text\": \"health failing, Ford ceded the company Presidency to his grandson, Henry Ford II, in September 1945 and went into retirement. He died on April 7, 1947, of a cerebral hemorrhage at Fair Lane, his estate in Dearborn, at the age of 83. A public viewing was held at Greenfield Village where up to 5,000 people per hour filed past the casket. Funeral services were held in Detroit's Cathedral Church of St. Paul and he was buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit. A compendium of short biographies of famous Freemasons, published by a Freemason lodge, lists Ford as a member.\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172109\",\n \"text\": \"1942. At , it was the largest assembly line in the world at the time. At its peak in 1944, the Willow Run plant produced 650 B-24s per month, and by 1945 Ford was completing each B-24 in eighteen hours, with one rolling off the assembly line every 58 minutes. Ford produced 9,000 B-24s at Willow Run, half of the 18,000 total B-24s produced during the war. When Edsel Ford died prematurely in 1943, Henry Ford nominally resumed control of the company, but a series of strokes in the late 1930s had left him increasingly debilitated, and his mental ability\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17668437\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"\\\"Illustrations of Dissections in a Series of Original Coloured Plates the Size of Life\\\"\\\". The plates were done between 1863 and 1867, with from four to seven completed each year. These plates are considered exceptionally clear and accurate, with an aesthetic depiction of the cadavers, printed by the Mintern Bros., and published by James Walton. George Henry Ford was the husband of Emma Ethel Ford and was the father of John Ford, Warren Ford, Quentin Ford, Clive Ford, Mona Ford and 3 others. G. H. Ford is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of Hispaniolan snake, \\\"Chilabothrus fordii\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"George Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14608309\",\n \"text\": \"John Pennington–Henry Ford House The John Pennington–Henry Ford House, also known as the John Banks House, is a private residence located at 8281 Clinton Macon Road in Macon Township in the northeast corner of Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on September 17, 1974 and later added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1974. In 1829, John and Hannah Pennington moved from Perinton, New York to this location in Michigan. At the time, the Penningtons were the only settlers between Tecumseh and Saline. They built a shanty and began clearing the\",\n \"title\": \"John Pennington–Henry Ford House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14409884\",\n \"text\": \"What They Died For \\\"What They Died For\\\" is the 16th and penultimate episode of the American Broadcasting Company's final season of the serial drama television series \\\"Lost\\\" and 119th and penultimate episode overall. The episode aired on May 18, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The episode's flash-sideways are centered on Jack Shephard, Desmond Hume, Benjamin Linus and James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford. In the flash-sideways timeline, Desmond Hume (Henry Ian Cusick) continues his attempt to gather all the passengers of Oceanic Airlines Flight 815. In 2007, The Man in Black (Terry O'Quinn) devises a new strategy. Jack Shephard (Matthew\",\n \"title\": \"What They Died For\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16998705\",\n \"text\": \"the Zongo Community. The Paramount chief of the Gbi Traditional Area, Togbega Gabusu VI, paid tribute to those peace efforts. Kamel was reported to have returned to his home town, Guaman in the Jasikan District of the Volta Region on 24 December 2012. While chatting with some family and friends the next day, he suddenly collapsed. He died before arrival at the Jasikan Government Hospital. He was 51. Henry Ford Kamel Henry Ford Kofi Kamel (21 December 1961 – 25 December 2012) was a Ghanaian banker and politician. He was the Member of Parliament for the Buem constituency from January\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Kamel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5893939\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Allegiance Health Henry Ford Allegiance Health is a 475-bed health system in Jackson in the U.S. state of Michigan. Henry Ford Allegiance Health has more than 400 physicians and 3,700 staff members. The health system offers specialized services including a new cancer center and a heart center with a 20-bed cardiac universal bed unit. A new specialty center combines services for the convenience of patients with brain, spine, neck, joint and bone conditions. The specialty center also includes a new osteoporosis center, balance center and pain management center as well. Other health system features include an emergency department,\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Allegiance Health\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1915364\",\n \"text\": \"Work\\\", which was an account of Wilson's experience on the presidential campaign trail. Ford served as president of the American Political Science Association from 1918 to 1919. He died on 29 August 1925 in Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania. \\\"The constitutional ideal is noble; but the politicians are vile. If only the checks could be made more effective, if only a just balance of power could be established beyond the strength of the politicians to disarrange ... the constitution would work perfectly.\\\" The works marked with (e-book) are freely availables from Project Gutenberg: Henry Jones Ford Henry Jones Ford (25 August\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Jones Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16998703\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Ford Kamel Henry Ford Kofi Kamel (21 December 1961 – 25 December 2012) was a Ghanaian banker and politician. He was the Member of Parliament for the Buem constituency from January 2005 and also the Volta Region Minister from March 2012 until his death on 25 December 2012. Kamel trained as a banker and worked as the Managing Director of the North Volta Rural Bank Limited. Kamel was a member of the National Democratic Congress. He won his last election on 7 December 2012 by a majority of 13,627. He first won the seat in the 2004 election replacing\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Kamel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15347840\",\n \"text\": \"converted carousel building and Pullman cars on a siding of the Greenfield Village railroad. Classes are expected to include use of the museum artifacts, a tradition of the original Village Schools. When the Museum was established in 1929, it included a school which served grades kindergarten to college/trade school ages. The last part of the original school closed in 1969. The new school restarted with a group of 100 freshman in 1997. The Henry Ford Learning Institute is using the Henry Ford Academy model for further charter schools including Power House High School in Chicago and Alameda School for Art\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822872\",\n \"text\": \"among whom was Henry Ford. The Association used donations from its members to purchase a site at Grand Boulevard and Hamilton, and to hire architect William Stratton to design the hospital. Construction on the original seven buildings began in 1912, but the Association soon realized that its $600,000 budget was far too small to complete the hospital. However, in 1914, Henry Ford offered to complete the project and pay off the original donors, in exchange for complete control. The Association accepted, and construction continued. The original seven buildings—a service building, power house, garage, private patient building, surgical pavilion, and two\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16298612\",\n \"text\": \"and analytics, and other areas of the business on technical matters. They also play a major consultative role to the VP, Research & Advanced Engineering and Chief Technology Officer in the development of corporate technical strategy and plans, and serve as champions of the Technical Specialist Program in the Company. To date, there have been 15 individuals appointed as a Henry Ford Technical Fellow. Henry Ford Technical Fellow In 1994, Ford Motor Company created the position of the Henry Ford Technical Fellow. The appointment to Fellow is the most prestigious technical leadership position in the Company. It is intended to\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Technical Fellow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13989481\",\n \"text\": \"(costing $120,000), which was part of a parcel of land known as Southfield Woods. The building cost was $2.275M. At that time Ford consisted mainly of classrooms and a cafeteria – there was no 11th or 12th grade until the fall of 1959. Ford had no gym, auditorium, or laboratory facilities. Its initial capacity was designed for 1,225 people. The initial enrollment was 1,541 students and 64 faculty. Construction of additional facilities were completed by the end of 1962. The Trojans won the school's first state title in 2016 when they captured the boys basketball state championship. Henry Ford High\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford High School (Detroit, Michigan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4965340\",\n \"text\": \"campus is located on the southwest corner of Ford Road and Evergreen, just north of the University of Michigan-Dearborn campus. The newest campus, East Campus, is home to two buildings - HFC's Michigan Technical Education Center (M-TEC) and the new state-of-the-art nursing building. East Campus is located on Schaefer Road just north of Rotunda. Henry Ford College Henry Ford College (HFC) is a public two-year college in Dearborn, Michigan. The school, established in 1938, is accredited by North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the Michigan Commission on College Accreditation. The school was originally named Fordson Junior College when\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11638992\",\n \"text\": \"Ford made \\\"Young Mr. Lincoln\\\" and \\\"Drums Along the Mohawk\\\", both with Henry Fonda. The latter was Ford's first film shot in Technicolor. In 1940 Ford made \\\"The Grapes of Wrath\\\" with Fonda and \\\"The Long Voyage Home\\\" with Wayne and Mitchell. For the former film Ford received his second Academy Award for Best Director and the Best Supporting Actress for Jane Darwell. He followed these films in 1941 with \\\"How Green Was My Valley\\\", which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, brought Ford his third Academy Award for Best Director and the Best Supporting Actor Award to Donald\",\n \"title\": \"John Ford filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18177545\",\n \"text\": \"Ford World Headquarters The Ford World Headquarters, also known as the Henry Ford II World Center and popularly known as the Glass House, is the administrative headquarters for Ford Motor Company, a 12-story, glass-faced office building designed to accommodate a staff of approximately 3,000. The building is located at 1 American Road at Michigan Avenue in Dearborn, Michigan, near Ford's historic Rouge plant, Greenfield Village, the Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn's Henry Ford Centennial Library, and Fair Lane, Henry Ford's personal estate. In 2008, columnist George Will said the building opened at \\\"the peak of American confidence\\\" and described the headquarters\",\n \"title\": \"Ford World Headquarters\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"172111\",\n \"text\": \"directors. Nothing happened until 1945 when, with bankruptcy a serious risk, Edsel's widow led an ouster and installed her son, Henry Ford II, as president. The young man took full control, and forced out Harry Bennett in a purge of the old guard in 1947. In the early 1920s, Ford sponsored a weekly newspaper that published strongly antisemitic views. At the same time, Ford had a reputation as one of the few major corporations actively hiring black workers, and was not accused of discrimination against Jewish workers or suppliers. He also hired women and handicapped men at a time when\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5822876\",\n \"text\": \"clinic tower, construction of which began in 1951. The new clinic building opened in 1953 however construction returned to the campus in 1957 when Albert Kahn Associates designed an addition of two floors for the main building. In 1951, doctors Conrad Lam and Edward Munnell developed a technique for the correction of mitral valve stenosis, using a special six-finger glove with a knife attached to the sixth mid-palm finger. In 1952, Henry Ford Hospital vascular surgeon, doctor D. Emerick Szilagyi, performed one of the world's first grafts of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. In 1956, Henry Ford Hospital cardiothoracic surgeon Dr.\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ford Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14608311\",\n \"text\": \"The house is a symmetric two-story Greek Revival farmhouse with a recessed, pillared porch on the ground level. Single-story wings extend to each side of the main section. The house is sided with narrow boards, and sits on a fieldstone foundation. The interior of the house contains a pantry and three bedrooms on the ground floor, and one large bedroom on the second floor. Bathrooms were added at a later date. The interior has oak floors and black walnut woodwork. John Pennington–Henry Ford House The John Pennington–Henry Ford House, also known as the John Banks House, is a private residence\",\n \"title\": \"John Pennington–Henry Ford House\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["industrialist"],"string":"[\n \"industrialist\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1783,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what kind of music did michael jackson sing?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"7976684","text":"calling it \"a deeply musical, funky masterpiece of rage, righteous indignation, and soulful killer grooves\". However, Jurek criticized the reissue for not including musician credits. What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?! What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?! is the fourth studio album by Melvin Van Peebles. Released in 1974, this album marks the first traditional music effort by Van Peebles. Previously, Van Peebles released the experimental spoken word albums \"Brer Soul\", \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" and \"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\". \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" largely derives from funk and soul music, much as Van","title":"What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7976684\",\n \"text\": \"calling it \\\"a deeply musical, funky masterpiece of rage, righteous indignation, and soulful killer grooves\\\". However, Jurek criticized the reissue for not including musician credits. What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?! What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?! is the fourth studio album by Melvin Van Peebles. Released in 1974, this album marks the first traditional music effort by Van Peebles. Previously, Van Peebles released the experimental spoken word albums \\\"Brer Soul\\\", \\\"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\\\" and \\\"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\\\". \\\"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\\\" largely derives from funk and soul music, much as Van\",\n \"title\": \"What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3688774","text":"door \"kind of locked, so [he] pushed it, and it opened,\" and he walked some ways into the room and stopped when he saw what Gavin and Michael were doing. He testified they were on the bed \"outside of the covers,\" Jackson was on his back with his eyes closed, and Gavin was \"curled up\" facing away from Jackson and was \"kind of snoring.\" Star couldn't remember what his brother had been wearing but said it might have been \"pants or underwears,\" and that Jackson was wearing \"socks, underwears, and an undershirt,\" but later said Jackson's \"hand was in his","title":"Trial of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"15411292","text":"You\" is \"pretty commercial\" but did praise the drumming of Byron Landham writing that he \"really rocks the house\". Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson is an album by jazz organist Joey DeFrancesco, a tribute to deceased entertainer Michael Jackson. The album was released in 2010 on HighNote Records and was produced by DeFrancesco and Glenn Ferracone. It was nominated for the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album. This album is one of several tribute albums released by DeFrancesco; in 2002 he paid tribute to fellow","title":"Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"18937073","text":"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"12138900","text":"the past: \"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\" Its B-side is \"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \"How Could Something\" and by Chamillionaire for \"Void In My Life\". The music video was an imitation of \"The Godfather\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson","title":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"11375112","text":"ethereal falsetto to his soft, sweet mid-tones; his fluid, seamless control of often very fast moving series of notes; his percussive yet still melodic outbursts, ululations and interjections (from those spooky \"tee-hee-hees\" to grunts and wails). Unusually for someone coming from a black American soul tradition, he did not often sing straight, unadorned ballads, though when he did (from 'Ben' to 'She's Out of My Life') the effect was of a powerful simplicity and truth.\" Jackson has been called the king of music videos. Steve Huey of AllMusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"12389360","text":"and music promotions did not want negative publicity from these lawsuits interfering with their profits. Michael Jackson now regrets making these payments. These settlements were entered into with one primary condition – that condition was that Mr. Jackson never admitted any wrongdoing. Mr. Jackson always denied doing anything wrong ... Mr. Jackson now realizes the advice he received was wrong.\" Jackson explained why had he had settled: \"I wanted to go on with my life. Too many people had already been hurt. I want to make records. I want to sing. I want to perform again ... It's my talent.","title":"1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"13982590","text":"an unnamed surrogate mother. Rowe said that she was not the biological mother of Prince Michael II, who is nicknamed \"Blanket\". Jackson stated that the baby was produced through artificial insemination using his own sperm cells. He further said that he did not know the mother, and she did not know him, and that in asking for a surrogate mother, he did not care how old she was or what race she was. It did, however, matter to him that she was intelligent, healthy, and had uncorrected eyesight. In the television documentary, \"The Michael Jackson Interview: The Footage You Were","title":"Personal relationships of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"18937071","text":"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"9553145","text":"come back to the others later on. My Kind of Music My Kind of Music was a music game show that aired on ITV from 8 February 1998 to 29 March 2002 and was hosted by Michael Barrymore. The show's main theme, \"My Kind of People\", where presenter Michael Barrymore sang some of the lyrics when appearing at the very start, was based on the same song by Robert Palmer released in 1991. Three teams of two people would test their musical knowledge against their chosen opponents and rivals, where the surviving team could go on to win £13,000 in","title":"My Kind of Music"},{"psg_id":"9553137","text":"My Kind of Music My Kind of Music was a music game show that aired on ITV from 8 February 1998 to 29 March 2002 and was hosted by Michael Barrymore. The show's main theme, \"My Kind of People\", where presenter Michael Barrymore sang some of the lyrics when appearing at the very start, was based on the same song by Robert Palmer released in 1991. Three teams of two people would test their musical knowledge against their chosen opponents and rivals, where the surviving team could go on to win £13,000 in the jackpot; later it was increased to","title":"My Kind of Music"},{"psg_id":"15411288","text":"Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson is an album by jazz organist Joey DeFrancesco, a tribute to deceased entertainer Michael Jackson. The album was released in 2010 on HighNote Records and was produced by DeFrancesco and Glenn Ferracone. It was nominated for the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album. This album is one of several tribute albums released by DeFrancesco; in 2002 he paid tribute to fellow Philadelphian Don Patterson, plus Jimmy Smith in 1999, Frank Sinatra in 2004 and Horace Silver in 2009. Along with","title":"Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"9553139","text":"it right on the first clue. The second round, saw the contestants deal with another film of Michael Barrymore's tour of \"My Kind of People\", with the audience having the chance to sing no matter how bad. Questions were based on the particular footage of the presentation of the songs. Sometimes, this would be replaced with a game called \"Pop Props\", in which Michael Barrymore would in reference to an earlier ITV game show titled \"Catchphrase\", show to the teams various objects relating to a performer and the teams had to buzz if they knew it. For example, an inflatable","title":"My Kind of Music"},{"psg_id":"12253733","text":"quoted describing Barry Gibb's contribution to this song: \"He did the demo first. Barbra sang to the demo, then he came back and replaced a couple of things after he had heard what she was doing.\" Released as the third single from Streisand's 1980 album \"Guilty\", \"What Kind of Fool\" was the third consecutive top ten single from the album in the United States. \"Woman in Love\" reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and the album's title track (also a duet between the two singers) reached number three, both in late 1980. \"What Kind of Fool\" spent","title":"What Kind of Fool"},{"psg_id":"11375064","text":"22nd American Music Award for Artist of the Century. On February 22 of the same year, his third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (nicknamed \"Blanket\") was born. The mother's identity was not announced, but Jackson said Prince was the result of artificial insemination from a surrogate mother and his own sperm. Jackson alleged in July 2002 that Sony Music chairman Tommy Mottola was a \"devil\" and \"racist\" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own gain. He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a \"fat nigger\". Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract,","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"8266566","text":"Ghosts (Michael Jackson song) \"Ghosts\" is a 1997 song by Michael Jackson. \"Ghosts\" was written, composed and produced by Michael Jackson and Teddy Riley. Commentators made observations about the paranoid lyrics, a common theme in Jackson's work. Its music video was a five-minute clip taken from the much longer film of the same name. It was released as part of the single release \"HIStory\"/\"Ghosts\", a double A-side single from Michael Jackson's 1997 remix album \"\". The song would become a top five hit in the UK, France and Italy, but did not chart as highly elsewhere. \"Ghosts\" was one of","title":"Ghosts (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"6242850","text":"to him in 1997. However, Ray did sue Jackson on May 6, 2009 in a dispute to obtain uncollected royalties. less than two months before Jackson's death on June 25. Eventually the Jackson Family Trust settled. Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video) Michael Jackson's Thriller is a music video for the Michael Jackson song \"Thriller\". It was directed by John Landis and written by Landis and Jackson. It was released on December 2, 1983, by Columbia Pictures. In the video, Jackson and his girlfriend (played by Ola Ray) are confronted by zombies while walking home from a movie theater. Jackson becomes","title":"Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)"},{"psg_id":"16756603","text":"What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album) What Did You Expect? is an album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Cohen which was released on Folkways Records (FS 8582 Folkways Records, 1973). The album was re-released by Smithsonian Folkways Records as a compact disc (FW0852 Smithsonian Folkways Records). It is Cohen's second album, following his self released debut \"Mike Cohen\" (1972). The original LP carried a sticker on the front cover which stated, \"Songs sensitively and honestly dealing with the experiences of being gay, written and sung by this brilliant young artist Solos and group. \"This album, along with Steven Grossman","title":"What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album)"},{"psg_id":"11374995","text":"solo performer in the early 1970s, he maintained ties to the Jackson 5 and Motown. Between 1972 and 1975, Michael released four solo studio albums with Motown: \"Got to Be There\" (1972), \"Ben\" (1972), \"Music & Me\" (1973), and \"Forever, Michael\" (1975). \"Got to Be There\" and \"Ben\", the title tracks from his first two solo albums, became successful singles, as did a cover of Bobby Day's \"Rockin' Robin\". The Jackson 5 were later described as \"a cutting-edge example of black crossover artists\". Although their sales began to decline in 1973, and the members chafed under Motown's refusal to allow","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"16756604","text":"(musician)'s \"Caravan Tonight\" (1974) and Chris Robison's \"Chris Robison and His Many Hand Band\" (1973), is one of the first to deal with openly gay themes and issues within the song lyrics. The style of the album is very much within the folk-rock genre and it includes the song \"Bitterfeast\" which adapts a poem by Cohen's namesake and fellow singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen. Musicians who played on the album include the drummer Kevin Kelley. What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album) What Did You Expect? is an album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Cohen which was released on Folkways Records (FS","title":"What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album)"},{"psg_id":"12253732","text":"What Kind of Fool \"What Kind of Fool\" is the title of a vocal duet from 1981 (see 1981 in music) by singers Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb. The song was written by Gibb and Albhy Galuten. The songs on the \"Guilty\" album were a collaboration between Streisand and all the members of the Bee Gees, including Barry's brothers, Robin and Maurice Gibb. But Barry Gibb played the largest role of the brothers on the album, co-writing and co-producing all of the tracks, appearing on the album cover embracing Streisand, and singing two duets with her. Co-producer Karl Richardson was","title":"What Kind of Fool"},{"psg_id":"16038490","text":"covered the song on his 2002 album for DreamWorks Records. It was the B-side to the album's first single, \"Honey Do\". What Kind of Love \"What Kind of Love\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album \"Life Is Messy\". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks in Canada. Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that","title":"What Kind of Love"},{"psg_id":"16038488","text":"What Kind of Love \"What Kind of Love\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album \"Life Is Messy\". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks in Canada. Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that Roy Orbison had made before his death. The song features backing vocals from Don Henley and Linda Ronstadt. Deborah Evans Price,","title":"What Kind of Love"},{"psg_id":"12253734","text":"three weeks at number ten on the Hot 100 in March and April 1981. It also spent four weeks atop the \"Billboard\" adult contemporary chart. Popular American TV serial \"Glee\" covered this song in 2011 by fictional character Blaine Anderson (as played by Darren Criss). This was featured on their soundtrack album \"\". No Glee episode had featured this version, as it is only appeared in the album. What Kind of Fool \"What Kind of Fool\" is the title of a vocal duet from 1981 (see 1981 in music) by singers Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb. The song was written","title":"What Kind of Fool"},{"psg_id":"19286484","text":"What Kind of an American are You? What Kind of an American are you?, also known as What Kind of American are you?, is a World War I era song released in 1917. Albert Von Tilzer composed the music. Lew Brown and Charles R. McCarron wrote the lyrics. The song was published by Broadway Music Co. of New York, New York. On the cover is a gray drawing of Uncle Sam pointing. A map of the United States is featured on the lower half of the cover. The song was written for voice and piano. The sheet music can be","title":"What Kind of an American are You?"},{"psg_id":"3688815","text":"the most (and unfortunately there are few who do not fit into stated majority).\" During the trial, Matt Drudge accused the media of largely ignoring testimony and evidence that exonerated Jackson and said, \"Out here...Michael Jackson is being literally crucified...I think if you did a pulse poll, of people listening to these local talk shows, they would say 95% that Michael Jackson did all this...because it's based on the coverage.\" Court TV hired tabloid journalist Diane Dimond to cover the trial even though Dimond had previously been sued by Jackson and evaded the suit with the help of prosecutor Sneddon.","title":"Trial of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"11501237","text":"Michael Jackson videography American entertainer Michael Jackson (1958–2009) debuted on the professional music scene at age five as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still part of the group. Jackson has been referred to as the \"King of Music Videos\" in subsequent years. Jackson had seven of his solo albums promoted with music videos. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular culture and the first African American entertainer to have a strong crossover fanbase on MTV. The popularity of his music videos that aired on MTV, such as","title":"Michael Jackson videography"},{"psg_id":"6853185","text":"a theme that Jackson had frequently used on previous studio albums. \"The Atlantic\" felt that Jackson showed \"obvious expressions of distrust\" in the song and that the song was one of multiple songs where Jackson's \"persistent loneliness in his music\" was \"prominent\". In 2009, J. Edward Keyes, of \"Rolling Stone\", described \"Leave Me Alone\" as sounding like \"vintage Michael\" and the song works because of its music, \"a batch of thick chords for Jackson to vamp over\". Keyes noted that the song was a \"kind of darker inversion\" of \"The Way You Make Me Feel\", and that \"Leave Me Alone\"","title":"Leave Me Alone (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"6867596","text":"tracklist of the album on sites like Spotify and Apple Music on 20 April 2018. In 1972, Barbra Streisand released \"Make Your Own Kind of Music\" as a single in a medley with \"Sing\", which became an Easy Listening hit (No. 28) but only reached No. 94 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Streisand also recorded parts of the song as a medley with \"The World is a Concerto\" for \"Barbra Streisand...And Other Musical Instruments\". A happy hardcore cover of the track was released in 1997 by DJ Daydream. Make Your Own Kind of Music (song) \"Make Your Own Kind of","title":"Make Your Own Kind of Music (song)"},{"psg_id":"15105025","text":"Whilst Ulala is distracted by a fake scoop, the headquarters are attacked and Space Michael is kidnapped by Purge and the Rhythm Rogues and has to be rescued by Ulala in a level featuring several of Michael's trademark dance moves. He then joins Ulala in facing up against Purge. In both versions of the game, Michael speaks in English, which is subtitled into Japanese in the Japanese version. The May 2007 issue of EGM contains a quote from series creator Tetsuya Mizuguchi concerning what it was like to work with Jackson: Michael Jackson: The Experience is a music video game","title":"Michael Jackson-related games"},{"psg_id":"13517388","text":"of the U2 360 tour in Barcelona dedicated the song \"Angel of Harlem\" to Jackson. U2 vocalist Bono sang verses from \"Man In The Mirror\" and \"Don't Stop Till You Get Enough\" at the end of the song. On July 10, 2009, six thousand fans attended a musical tribute in Jackson's hometown of Gary, Indiana. Local performers staged a medley of his songs, and mayor Rudy Clay unveiled a seven-foot memorial to him. Jesse Jackson addressed the crowd, stating, \"This is where Michael learned to dance, where he learned to sing, where he learned to sacrifice.\" The day after Jackson's","title":"Death of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"7578094","text":"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \"What Katy Did\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \"Little Women\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \"What Katy Did\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"6242830","text":"He recalled telling Jackson: \"It’s simple—all you’ve got to do is dance, sing, and make it scary.\" In early August, after seeing his horror film \"An American Werewolf in London\", Jackson contacted John Landis to direct. At the time, commercial directors did not direct music videos, but Landis was intrigued. He and Jackson conceived a short shot on 35 mm film with the production values of a feature film. They planned a budget of $900,000, much larger than any previous music video. According to Landis, when he called Yetnikoff to propose the film, Yetnikoff swore so loudly he had to","title":"Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)"},{"psg_id":"7578084","text":"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"20086152","text":"his signature moves, while dancing to a medley of Jackson's songs. Michael Jackson impersonator A Michael Jackson impersonator is someone who impersonates or copies the look and sound of American entertainer Michael Jackson. They work all over the world as entertainers, and such tribute acts remain in great demand due to the high popularity of Jackson. \"Thriller – Live\" is a two-and-a-half-hour concert celebrating the music of Jackson. It had already been performed in the United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, and Scandinavia before opening at the Lyric Theatre, London on 2 January 2009. The show was conceived by Jackson family friend","title":"Michael Jackson impersonator"},{"psg_id":"20086150","text":"Michael Jackson impersonator A Michael Jackson impersonator is someone who impersonates or copies the look and sound of American entertainer Michael Jackson. They work all over the world as entertainers, and such tribute acts remain in great demand due to the high popularity of Jackson. \"Thriller – Live\" is a two-and-a-half-hour concert celebrating the music of Jackson. It had already been performed in the United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, and Scandinavia before opening at the Lyric Theatre, London on 2 January 2009. The show was conceived by Jackson family friend and author, Adrian Grant. Thrill the World is an annual international","title":"Michael Jackson impersonator"},{"psg_id":"13517360","text":"in May 2009 as part of Jackson's agreement with AEG Live, the promoter of his London concerts. Murray first met Jackson in Las Vegas when he treated one of Jackson's children. AEG Live said Jackson insisted the company hire Murray to accompany him to England. During Murray's trial it emerged that AEG employed Murray and that Jackson did not sign the contract for the above-cited employment either. Murray said through his attorney that he did not prescribe or administer pethidine or oxycodone to Jackson, but did not say what, if anything, he did prescribe or administer. Los Angeles police said","title":"Death of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"11374981","text":"Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter and dancer. Dubbed the \"King of Pop\", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century and is also regarded as one of the greatest entertainers of all time. Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"14215742","text":"The Original Soul of Michael Jackson The Original Soul of Michael Jackson is a remix album of songs by Michael Jackson, recorded and published early in his solo career in the early 1970s and remixed in 1987. While the album claims that it \"contains music never before released\", the only new song available was a re-dubbed cover of Edwin Starr's 1970 hit \"Twenty-Five Miles\", sung by the Jackson Five and solely credited to Michael. The original recording of the song was included on the 2009 set \"\". Some songs were newly edited on the album, with a newly dubbed version","title":"The Original Soul of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"19190260","text":"studio, and it was like an 11-hour studio session where we finished writing the song.\" After a live performance on \"Live with Kelly and Michael\", Cabello said, \"We were just kind of jamming out. We weren’t really just writing a song. We kind of started spitting out melodies and put lyrics to it; I don't think we knew we had a song.\" The artists co-wrote \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" with its producers Ido Zmishlany and Noel Zancanella, with Bill Withers and Ryan Tedder receiving songwriting credits for the sampling of his 1971 single \"Ain't No Sunshine\". Cabello","title":"I Know What You Did Last Summer (song)"},{"psg_id":"11375125","text":"the most popular black singer ever.\" In 1990, \"Vanity Fair\" cited Jackson as the most popular artist in the history of show business. In 2003, \"Daily Telegraph\" writer Tom Utley described Jackson as \"extremely important\" and a \"genius\". In 2007, Jackson said: \"Music has been my outlet, my gift to all of the lovers in this world. Through it, my music, I know I will live forever.\" At Jackson's memorial service on July 7, 2009, Motown founder Berry Gordy proclaimed Jackson \"the greatest entertainer that ever lived\". In a June 28, 2009 \"Baltimore Sun\" article titled \"7 Ways Michael Jackson","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"1610575","text":"universally recognized\". Producer Quincy Jones, one of Davis's longtime friends, wrote: \"That [\"Kind of Blue\"] will always be my music, man. I play \"Kind of Blue\" every day—it's my orange juice. It still sounds like it was made yesterday\". Pianist Chick Corea, one of Miles's acolytes, was also struck by its majesty, later stating \"It's one thing to just play a tune, or play a program of music, but it's another thing to practically create a new language of music, which is what \"Kind of Blue\" did.\" Gary Burton, of Berklee College of Music, noted the consistent innovation present throughout","title":"Kind of Blue"},{"psg_id":"15805910","text":"My Kind of Music (Ray Scott album) My Kind of Music is the debut album of American country music singer Ray Scott. It was released in 2005 via Warner Bros. Records. The album includes the singles \"My Kind of Music\", \"Gone Either Way\" and \"I Didn't Come Here to Talk\". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic gave the album four-and-a-half stars, praising Scott's outlaw country influences and the \"wry humor\". He called the title track \"very funny [and] very appealing\". \"Country Standard Time\" reviewer Michael Sudhalter made a similar comparison to outlaw country. Giving it a \"B\", Chris Willman of \"Entertainment","title":"My Kind of Music (Ray Scott album)"},{"psg_id":"13381291","text":"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am \"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Lee Roy Parnell, written by Al Carmichael and Gary Griffin. It was released in May 1992 as the second single from the album, \"Love Without Mercy\". The song was Parnell's fifth single release, and his first to reach Top 40 on the Hot Country Songs charts. It is also one of three singles in his career to reach number two on the country music charts. \"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I","title":"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am"},{"psg_id":"13517380","text":"in a global media event of the first order\" and \"the fact that he has broken into the top media of the 21st century\" was a \"testament to the global impact of the man and his music\". Commentators worldwide made connections between Jackson's death and the problems they perceived with everything from the racial dichotomy that Jackson sang about, to the \"profoundly tragic figure\" of Michael Jackson—from American capitalism and globalization, to the fall of the music industry in the 1980s. \"Le Figaro\" columnist Yann Moix said that although Jackson, like his iconic Moonwalk, lived life in reverse, the world","title":"Death of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"11501245","text":"the show, one night and offered to do a guest spot. The offer was accepted and a script was written by Al Jean and Mike Reiss, based on an idea pitched by James L. Brooks. Groening and co-executive producer Sam Simon also contributed significantly to the writing of the episode. In 2017, archival recordings of Jackson were in the TV special \"Michael Jackson's Halloween\". Michael Jackson videography American entertainer Michael Jackson (1958–2009) debuted on the professional music scene at age five as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still part of the","title":"Michael Jackson videography"},{"psg_id":"20724121","text":"The Last Days of Michael Jackson The Last Days of Michael Jackson is a two-hour television special that premiered on ABC on May 24, 2018. The special is dedicated to Michael Jackson's life and legacy and is chronicling everything from his childhood to the comeback concert, \"This is It,\" that he never got to perform. It will also feature never-before-seen interviews he did with Barbara Walters and Diane Sawyer, as well as conversations with his friends and family. The special was watched by 5.56 million viewers and was met with negative response. The Michael Jackson estate criticized the TV special","title":"The Last Days of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"5576561","text":"to her callgirl existence again. Her employer slaps her in the face and she is then seen being prepared for a new identity. This version did not initially air in the USA but was included on the video albums: \"\" and \"Michael Jackson's Vision\". Another version of the video features footage from past music videos and live performances. This is the version that first aired in the USA. Who Is It (Michael Jackson song) \"Who Is It\" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson. It was released by Epic Records on August 31, 1992, as the fifth single","title":"Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"3688807","text":"spend all his time with him. When asked about the lawsuits that resulted from her family's involvement with Michael Jackson, June Chandler made the distinction that even though she was listed as a plaintiff and received settlement money, it was not she who sued Jackson, but rather Jordan and his father Evan who did so. She claimed not to recall that Jackson had counter sued for extortion, or that her second husband, Dave Schwartz, had sued Jackson, or that Evan Chandler had sued Jackson a second time. Thomas Mesereau said in a Harvard lecture later that year, \"the prosecutors tried","title":"Trial of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"11375091","text":"released work. On November 4, 2010, Sony announced the first posthumous album, \"Michael\", released on December 14, with the promotional single, \"Breaking News\", released to radio on November 8. Sony Music paid the Jackson estate for the deal, plus royalties, making it the most expensive music contract pertaining to a single artist in history. Video game developer Ubisoft announced a dancing-and-singing game featuring Michael Jackson for the 2010 holiday season, \";\" it was among the first games to use Kinect and PlayStation Move, the motion-detecting camera systems for Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3 respectively. On November 3, 2010,","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"6201110","text":"sister, and two brothers to sing and regularly played music by Joan Baez, Joni Mitchell, Bob Dylan and Elvis Presley at home. He moved to Spokane as a teenager. In Seattle, Jackson worked as an ad executive at a magazine and did some theater work on the side, earning his Equity card. \"As soon as I found out what theater was, what Broadway was, I thought, 'Oh, that's what I'll do with my life.' Just a matter of getting all the pieces in place,\" he said. Inspired to rethink his career after the September 11 attacks, he moved to New","title":"Cheyenne Jackson"},{"psg_id":"13517396","text":"death, and was dedicated to Jackson's memory. His 1978 film \"The Wiz\" (in which he co-starred alongside Diana Ross and Richard Pryor) was briefly re-released in a rare 35mm format and was shown at the Hollywood Theater in his honor. It was also re-released a week prior to the release of \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\" in select cities. Madonna opened the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards with a speech about Michael Jackson. Janet Jackson made an appearance at the VMAs to pay a musical tribute to her brother and honor his career. He was honored with a posthumous lifetime","title":"Death of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"5394085","text":"commented that \"Ben\"s title track was a \"testament to his talent\" and added that the album would \"always be defined\" by that song. Adapted from AllMusic. Ben (Michael Jackson album) Ben is the second studio album by Michael Jackson, released by Motown Records on August 4, 1972, while Jackson was still a member of The Jackson 5. The album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics. \"Ben\" was more successful on the music charts than Jackson's previous studio album, having charted within the top ten on the \"Billboard\" 200. Internationally, the album was less successful, peaking at number twelve in","title":"Ben (Michael Jackson album)"},{"psg_id":"5394074","text":"Ben (Michael Jackson album) Ben is the second studio album by Michael Jackson, released by Motown Records on August 4, 1972, while Jackson was still a member of The Jackson 5. The album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics. \"Ben\" was more successful on the music charts than Jackson's previous studio album, having charted within the top ten on the \"Billboard\" 200. Internationally, the album was less successful, peaking at number twelve in Canada, while charting within the top 200 positions in Australia and France. Worldwide, \"Ben\" has sold a reported 5 million units. The album released one single,","title":"Ben (Michael Jackson album)"},{"psg_id":"15047375","text":"statement of \"even if the alleged action happened.\" However, the next day, Zia Modabber of Sony Music's law firm, Katten Muchin Rosenman, recanted these reports, stating that \"no one has conceded that Michael Jackson did not sing on the songs\". The song received instant airplay on numerous radio stations on the debut day, as 151 U.S. stations sampled \"Breaking News\" that day on several formats, from pop and R&B to adult and oldies. A total of 246 plays were recorded on that day, reaching an estimated 2.2 million listeners. Additionally it logged 1.1 million impressions on 52 R&B/Hip-Hop stations after","title":"Breaking News (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"15047047","text":"Fans have suggested that Italian-American R&B singer Jason Malachi recorded vocals for the tracks, but this was denied by the Jackson estate's lawyer. On January 16, 2011, a statement appeared on Malachi's Facebook page \"confessing\" to recording the vocals; however, Malachi claimed on MySpace that his Facebook and website had been hacked. Malachi's manager Thad Nauden stated that \"Jason wants everyone to know beyond a shadow of a doubt, he did not sing a single note on the album\". On June 12, 2014, a consumer who had purchased \"Michael\" filed a class-action lawsuit against Sony Music, the Jackson Estate, MJJ","title":"Michael (album)"},{"psg_id":"15105027","text":"developed by SEE MJ Virtual Worlds (The Michael Jackson Company LLC and SEE Entertainment) and was originally scheduled for release in 2011, but was eventually canceled. \"Planet Michael\" was to be based within the Entropia Universe. Michael Jackson-related games There are at least eight video games that Michael Jackson has composed music for or are directly related to him. Sega was the developer for at least five of them: the arcade and Mega Drive / Genesis versions of \"Michael Jackson's Moonwalker\", \"Sonic the Hedgehog 3\" for the Mega Drive / Genesis, and \"Space Channel 5\" and \"\" for the Dreamcast.","title":"Michael Jackson-related games"},{"psg_id":"14215743","text":"of \"Dancing Machine\". \"Ain't No Sunshine\" were also slightly different in the vocals and a modern drum machine were added to \"Twenty-Five Miles\". \"Melodie\" was planned for a single in an effort to promote the record in the US, but was scrapped for a promo-only single \"Twenty-Five Miles\"/\"Up On The Housetop\". The Original Soul of Michael Jackson The Original Soul of Michael Jackson is a remix album of songs by Michael Jackson, recorded and published early in his solo career in the early 1970s and remixed in 1987. While the album claims that it \"contains music never before released\", the","title":"The Original Soul of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"2957042","text":"Jackson and Paul McCartney recording \"The Girl Is Mine\"; it was completed on the final day of mixing, November 8, 1982. Several members of the band Toto were involved in the album's recording and production. Jackson wrote four songs for the record: \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\", \"The Girl Is Mine\", \"Beat It\" and \"Billie Jean\". Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write these songs on paper. Instead, he dictated into a sound recorder; when recording he would sing from memory. The relationship between Jackson and Jones became strained during the recording. Jackson spent much of his time rehearsing dance steps","title":"Thriller (Michael Jackson album)"},{"psg_id":"17361228","text":"Unity: The Latin Tribute to Michael Jackson Unity: The Latin Tribute to Michael Jackson, also known as The Unity Project, is a collaborative musical project aimed at creating a Michael Jackson tribute album inspired by Latin music styles. The leader of the project is Peruvian-American musician Tony Succar and vocals are provided by a number of leading artists in Latin music genres, especially Salsa. Succar's aim with the project was to celebrate Jackson's music and legacy by combining it with a Latin-orchestrated sound. The stated goal is \"to honor the legacy of Michael Jackson, the King of Pop. By remaining","title":"Unity: The Latin Tribute to Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"19429189","text":"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am) \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\" is a song written by Loretta Lynn and Teddy Wilburn that was also recorded by Loretta Lynn. It was released as a single in August 1967 via Decca Records. \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\" was recorded at the Bradley's Barn on January 18, 1967. Located in Mount Juliet, Tennessee, the session was produced by renowned country music producer Owen Bradley. Three additional tracks were recorded during this session. \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You","title":"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)"},{"psg_id":"10733915","text":"affections, identifications, and places of personal anchorage. The critic Vincent O'Sullivan writes, \"What one hears in his readings is the modest, confidant, international voice that drives his poems, the conversing of a man who, as ever, is on one road to find another.\" Jackson holds a Bachelor of Arts from Victoria University of Wellington, a Master of Arts (postgraduate) from the University of Auckland, and a Doctor of Philosophy from Cambridge University. Michael Jackson (anthropologist) Michael D. Jackson (born 1940) is a New Zealand poet and anthropologist who has taught in anthropology departments at Massey University, the Australian National University,","title":"Michael Jackson (anthropologist)"},{"psg_id":"8266573","text":"European CD promo HIStory (Mark Picchiotti Remixes) 12\" promo Ghosts (Mousse T Mixes) 12\" promo Ghosts (Michael Jackson song) \"Ghosts\" is a 1997 song by Michael Jackson. \"Ghosts\" was written, composed and produced by Michael Jackson and Teddy Riley. Commentators made observations about the paranoid lyrics, a common theme in Jackson's work. Its music video was a five-minute clip taken from the much longer film of the same name. It was released as part of the single release \"HIStory\"/\"Ghosts\", a double A-side single from Michael Jackson's 1997 remix album \"\". The song would become a top five hit in the","title":"Ghosts (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"16049221","text":"Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele","title":"What Did I Do?"},{"psg_id":"12138898","text":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song) \"Do What You Do\" is a single by American R&B singer Jermaine Jackson, sibling of singers Michael and Janet Jackson and former member of The Jackson 5. It was released as the second single from his 1984 album, entitled \"Jermaine Jackson\" in the United States but marketed as \"Dynamite\" in the United Kingdom and other countries. This was one of Jermaine's first releases with Arista Records after a long recording career with Motown Records, first as a member of The Jackson 5, then later as a solo artist. Although Jermaine Jackson never achieved","title":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"15963880","text":"\"Immortal (Deluxe)\" as follows: Credits taken from the liner notes. Immortal (Michael Jackson album) Immortal is a remix album of music originally recorded by American recording artist Michael Jackson, and featuring The Jackson 5/The Jacksons, released on November 18, 2011 by Epic Records. The album is a soundtrack to Cirque du Soleil's , which debuted on October 2, 2011 in Montreal. On October 3, 2011, Sony Music Entertainment announced that over 40 of Jackson's original recordings were redesigned and reimagined by the Justin Timberlake and Rihanna producer Kevin Antunes throughout a year-period work in the studio with original multi-track master","title":"Immortal (Michael Jackson album)"},{"psg_id":"15963870","text":"Immortal (Michael Jackson album) Immortal is a remix album of music originally recorded by American recording artist Michael Jackson, and featuring The Jackson 5/The Jacksons, released on November 18, 2011 by Epic Records. The album is a soundtrack to Cirque du Soleil's , which debuted on October 2, 2011 in Montreal. On October 3, 2011, Sony Music Entertainment announced that over 40 of Jackson's original recordings were redesigned and reimagined by the Justin Timberlake and Rihanna producer Kevin Antunes throughout a year-period work in the studio with original multi-track master recordings. Hence it's expected that \"Immortal\" will continue a similar","title":"Immortal (Michael Jackson album)"},{"psg_id":"3688779","text":"a hard-on,\" and that he told the boys, who were \"grossed out,\" that nudity was natural. Star said Jackson stayed for two minutes and sat on the bed, but neither brother spoke a word during that time. According to Gavin, the boys were \"just laying there\" when Jackson \"ran up there and got something and went back downstairs,\" without saying anything. Gavin did not describe Jackson as having an erection. The accuser's mother, Janet Arvizo, testified that on a flight from Miami to Los Angeles, she \"saw Michael licking Gavin's head\" while he was asleep. Before she testified about it,","title":"Trial of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"5862004","text":"Butterflies (Michael Jackson song) \"Butterflies\" is a song by Michael Jackson. It was written and composed by Andre Harris and Marsha Ambrosius, and produced by Jackson and Harris. The track appears on Jackson's tenth studio album, \"Invincible\" (2001), and is Jackson's final single from a studio album. The song also appeared in \"The Ultimate Collection\" (2004). \"Butterflies\" is a midtempo ballad. The single received generally positive reviews from music critics; some music reviewers described the song as being one of the best songs on \"Invincible\" while others felt that it was a \"decent track\". The song was only released in","title":"Butterflies (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"11375133","text":"for a celebrity. The majority was due to the sale of the Sony/ATV catalog. It was the seventh consecutive year since his death in which Jackson's annual earnings were over $100 million. Note 1 Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter and dancer. Dubbed the \"King of Pop\", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century and is also regarded as one of the greatest entertainers of all time. Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"3994152","text":"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \"Fireball\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"11375043","text":"Engineered – Non Classical, awarding the work of Bruce Swedien and Teddy Riley. In the same year, Michael Jackson won three American Music Awards for Favorite Pop/Rock Album (\"Dangerous\"), Favorite Soul/R&B Single (\"Remember the Time\"), and was the first to win the International Artist Award of Excellence, for his global performances and humanitarian concerns. Jackson agreed to produce the soundtrack for Sega's 1994 video game \"Sonic the Hedgehog 3\" with collaborators Brad Buxer, Bobby Brooks, Darryl Ross, Geoff Grace, Doug Grigsby, and Cirocco Jones. Jackson left the project before completion and was not credited; some sources state Jackson was dissatisfied","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"11374994","text":"to record music for Motown. \"Rolling Stone\" later described the young Michael as \"a prodigy\" with \"overwhelming musical gifts\" who \"quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer.\" The group set a chart record when its first four singles—\"I Want You Back\" (1969), \"ABC\" (1970), \"The Love You Save\" (1970), and \"I'll Be There\" (1970)—peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In May 1971, the Jackson family moved into a large home on two-acre estate in Encino, California. During this period, Michael evolved from child performer into a teen idol. As Jackson began to emerge as a","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"4986453","text":"Michael Jackson (actor) Michael Jackson (born November 8, 1970) is a Canadian actor, grip, gaffer and known for his acting role as \"Trevor\" in the comedy TV series \"Trailer Park Boys\" (2001–2006) and the later film \"\" (2006). Jackson was born in Ottawa, Ontario and grew up in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, where he currently lives. He has contributed to the local music scene with many group and solo projects, including Moral Support, Aimless, Thruster, The Thursday Toads, Pink Kitten, Defense Andrew, The Sycamores, Rick of The Skins, El Groupo De Rock, Vavoom, T-Bag, The Olympian and most recently Doug Mason.","title":"Michael Jackson (actor)"},{"psg_id":"6242825","text":"Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video) Michael Jackson's Thriller is a music video for the Michael Jackson song \"Thriller\". It was directed by John Landis and written by Landis and Jackson. It was released on December 2, 1983, by Columbia Pictures. In the video, Jackson and his girlfriend (played by Ola Ray) are confronted by zombies while walking home from a movie theater. Jackson becomes a zombie and performs a dance routine with a horde of the undead. The video references numerous horror films. Jackson contacted Landis after seeing his film \"An American Werewolf in London.\" The pair conceived a short","title":"Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)"},{"psg_id":"14652654","text":"Michael Jackson: The Experience Michael Jackson: The Experience is a music video game based on Michael Jackson's music and songs. It was licensed by Triumph International, developed by and published by Ubisoft, and was released on November 23, 2010 in North America, November 25, 2010 in Australia and November 26, 2010 in Europe for the Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable and Wii. It was also released on April 12, 2011 in North America, April 14, 2011 in Australia, April 15, 2011 in Europe and December 8, 2011 in Japan for PlayStation 3's PlayStation Move and Xbox 360's Kinect. The game features","title":"Michael Jackson: The Experience"},{"psg_id":"4986454","text":"He is also an IATSE 849 member and has been working as a grip since 1998. Actor - Film titles and associated role: Crewman - Film titles and associated crew job: Michael Jackson (actor) Michael Jackson (born November 8, 1970) is a Canadian actor, grip, gaffer and known for his acting role as \"Trevor\" in the comedy TV series \"Trailer Park Boys\" (2001–2006) and the later film \"\" (2006). Jackson was born in Ottawa, Ontario and grew up in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, where he currently lives. He has contributed to the local music scene with many group and solo projects,","title":"Michael Jackson (actor)"},{"psg_id":"13982554","text":"by The Jackson 5, of whom she was a big fan. The young girl was particularly fascinated by lead singer Michael Jackson and his talent at dancing. According to a friend of Presley's, \"their adult friendship began in November 1992 in L.A.\" They met at a private dinner held at the home of their mutual friend the artist Brett-Livingstone Strong. Knowing that Presley had been looking for help within the music industry, Strong had her play tapes for Jackson, who was impressed with Presley's voice. The pair talked for the remainder of the night, until it was time for Jackson","title":"Personal relationships of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"3688725","text":"Trial of Michael Jackson People v. Jackson (full case name: 1133603: The People of the State of California v. Michael Joe Jackson) was a 2005 criminal trial held in Santa Barbara County Superior Court, in which American recording artist Michael Jackson was charged with molesting Gavin Arvizo, a 13-year-old boy whom the pop star had befriended. Jackson was indicted for four counts of molesting a minor, four counts of intoxicating a minor in order to molest him, one count of attempted child molestation, and one count of conspiring to hold the boy and his family captive at his Neverland Ranch,","title":"Trial of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"18028648","text":"Statue of Michael Jackson The Michael Jackson Statue is a plaster and resin sculpture of Michael Jackson commissioned by Mohamed Al-Fayed and originally unveiled in 2011 outside Craven Cottage, the ground of Fulham Football Club of which Al-Fayed was chairman. It was removed by new Fulham chairman Shahid Khan in 2013 and moved to the National Football Museum in Manchester in 2014. The statue is high and is made of plaster and resin. While outside Craven Cottage it stood high inclusive of a plinth. Jackson is portrayed wearing a silver jacket, black trousers, white socks and a single glove. Jackson","title":"Statue of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"12331606","text":"Happy (Michael Jackson song) \"Happy\" is a song recorded by Michael Jackson for the Motown label in 1973. The song featured on Jackson's album \"Music & Me\". Its full title is \"Happy (Love Theme from \"Lady Sings the Blues\")\", although it was never featured in the film or the soundtrack for \"Lady Sings the Blues\". The song was first released as a single by Bobby Darin in November 23, 1972, peaking #67 on the Billboard Hot 100, his last single to hit the chart. Michael Jackson's single was first released in Australia, backed by \"In Our Small Way\". Jackson continued","title":"Happy (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"18787754","text":"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \"\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\"\" Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\" What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It","title":"What I Did Right"},{"psg_id":"3994147","text":"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"16049220","text":"What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \"The Hunter\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \"The Hunter\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the","title":"What Did I Do?"},{"psg_id":"11375131","text":"an additional $400 million from concerts, music publishing (including his share of the Beatles catalog), endorsements, merchandising and music videos. Estimating how much of these earnings Jackson was able to keep is difficult because one has to account for taxes, recording costs and production costs. There have also been several detailed estimates of Jackson's net worth during his life, which range from negative $285 million to positive $350 million for the years 2002, 2003 and 2007. On July 26, 2013, the executors of the Estate of Michael Jackson filed a petition in the United States Tax Court as a result","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"15105021","text":"Michael Jackson-related games There are at least eight video games that Michael Jackson has composed music for or are directly related to him. Sega was the developer for at least five of them: the arcade and Mega Drive / Genesis versions of \"Michael Jackson's Moonwalker\", \"Sonic the Hedgehog 3\" for the Mega Drive / Genesis, and \"Space Channel 5\" and \"\" for the Dreamcast. The other three were produced by other companies: \"Moonwalker\" by U.S. Gold, \"\" by Ubisoft, and \"Planet Michael\" by SEE Virtual Worlds. Michael Jackson's Moonwalker (マイケル・ジャクソンズ・ムーンウォーカー \"Maikeru Jakusonzu Mūn'u~ōkā\") is a franchise for several video games","title":"Michael Jackson-related games"},{"psg_id":"6488006","text":"Jackson: The Solo Years\", believe that Jackson's absence from the video \"did little to promote it.\" \"Shout\" was recorded within the album sessions and left off the album while \"Streetwalker\" from circa 1986 was the musical coda for The Way You Make Me Feel. Cry (Michael Jackson song) \"Cry\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Michael Jackson that features on his tenth and final studio album, \"Invincible\" (2001). The song was written by R&B singer-songwriter R. Kelly, who had previously written Jackson's 1995 single \"You Are Not Alone\". \"Cry\" was produced by Jackson and Kelly. It was released","title":"Cry (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"15047370","text":"new Michael Jackson song prompts more controversy, fans were divided, with many loving the new single and others expressing scepticism.\" Cameron Adams of \"Herald Sun\" said the song \"would have no doubt stayed unreleased\", if Jackson had not died. Joe Vogel, author of the book \"Man in the Music: The Creative Life and Work of Michael Jackson\", gave the song a positive review, saying, \"in spite of the backlash, the content of the song is classic Michael Jackson.\" The authenticity of \"Breaking News\", as with other songs allegedly written with Cascio and Porte (like: \"All I Need\", \"Everything's Just Fine\",","title":"Breaking News (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"11375030","text":"Feel\", \"Man in the Mirror\", and \"Dirty Diana\") reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, a record for the most number-one Hot 100 singles from a single album, including \"Thriller.\" By 2012, \"Bad\" had sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide. Bruce Swedien and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for \"Leave Me Alone\" in 1989. In the same year, Jackson won an Award of Achievement at the American Music Awards after \"Bad\" became the first album to","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"11375093","text":"to critical and commercial success. In April 2011, billionaire businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed, chairman of Fulham Football Club, unveiled a statue of Michael Jackson outside the club's stadium, Craven Cottage. Fulham fans were bemused by the statue and failed to understand the relevance of Jackson to the club. Al-Fayed defended the statue and told the fans to \"go to hell\" if they did not appreciate it. The statue was removed in September 2013 and moved to the National Football Museum in Manchester in May 2014. In 2012, in an attempt to end public family feuding, Jackson's brother Jermaine Jackson retracted his","title":"Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"7976677","text":"a trio of experimental albums, \"Brer Soul\", \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" and \"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\", which were considered to be spoken word at the time, due to their use of sprechgesang. Modern critics have since dubbed these albums as precursors to hip hop music. Van Peebles wanted to record an album that showed that he could perform in a more traditional form, as opposed to the style he had used on his previous albums, titling it \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" because of this. \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" places more emphasis on","title":"What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!"},{"psg_id":"6571549","text":"ballad\". \"Rolling Stone\" claimed that the \"most beautifully fragile\" \"Human Nature\" was so open and brave it made \"She's Out of My Life\" seem phony. The \"Los Angeles Times\" concluded that it was Jackson's delivery that made the \"middling ballad\" take off. The song was first performed during the Jacksons' Victory Tour. Michael started to sing \"Ben\", but stopped and proceeded to sing \"Human Nature\". It was also performed during Michael's Bad World Tour and Dangerous World Tour. Jackson also performed the song live during his 1996 Royal Brunei concert. It was going to be performed for Jackson's This Is","title":"Human Nature (Michael Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"13517369","text":"to cover up his use of propofol, did not keep sufficient medical records and was negligent in his use of medications on Jackson. Murray's civil attorney, Charles Peckham, denied that Murray gave Jackson anything life-threatening. On August 15, 2012, Joseph dropped his wrongful death lawsuit against Murray. On September 15, 2010, Panish Shea & Boyle LLP also filed a wrongful death lawsuit on behalf of Michael Jackson's three children and his mother against the Anschutz Entertainment Group, Inc. (AEG) and its subsidiaries and principals (including Randy Phillips, Kenny Ortega, Paul Gongaware and Thimothy Leiweke). The suit alleges that AEG put","title":"Death of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"13517366","text":"He was very mentally aware when we saw him and he was in a very good mood.\" Jackson is survived by his three children, Michael Joseph Jackson Jr., known as \"Prince\" (b. 1997); Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson (b. 1998), born during his marriage to his second wife, Debbie Rowe; and Prince Michael Jackson II, known as \"Blanket\", born in 2002 to a surrogate mother. He is also survived by his brothers, Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon and Randy; sisters Rebbie, La Toya and Janet; and parents Joseph and Katherine. Katherine was granted temporary guardianship of Michael's three children on June 29, 2009.","title":"Death of Michael Jackson"},{"psg_id":"20057655","text":"It has sold 38,700 copies in the United States as of November 2017. Did It for the Party Did It for the Party is the sixth studio album by American country music duo Big & Rich. It was released on September 15, 2017 via Big & Rich Records/Thirty Tigers. The album's lead single is \"California\". Group member John Rich told \"Billboard\" that \" \"there’s some 80s Country on there, and also some Eagles west-coast Country kind of stuff. It’s also a really fun song to sing. When the fans learn it, they sing it at the top of their lungs.\"","title":"Did It for the Party"},{"psg_id":"20057653","text":"Did It for the Party Did It for the Party is the sixth studio album by American country music duo Big & Rich. It was released on September 15, 2017 via Big & Rich Records/Thirty Tigers. The album's lead single is \"California\". Group member John Rich told \"Billboard\" that \" \"there’s some 80s Country on there, and also some Eagles west-coast Country kind of stuff. It’s also a really fun song to sing. When the fans learn it, they sing it at the top of their lungs.\" Lead single \"California\" was originally recorded by Tim McGraw on his album \"Damn","title":"Did It for the Party"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3688774\",\n \"text\": \"door \\\"kind of locked, so [he] pushed it, and it opened,\\\" and he walked some ways into the room and stopped when he saw what Gavin and Michael were doing. He testified they were on the bed \\\"outside of the covers,\\\" Jackson was on his back with his eyes closed, and Gavin was \\\"curled up\\\" facing away from Jackson and was \\\"kind of snoring.\\\" Star couldn't remember what his brother had been wearing but said it might have been \\\"pants or underwears,\\\" and that Jackson was wearing \\\"socks, underwears, and an undershirt,\\\" but later said Jackson's \\\"hand was in his\",\n \"title\": \"Trial of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15411292\",\n \"text\": \"You\\\" is \\\"pretty commercial\\\" but did praise the drumming of Byron Landham writing that he \\\"really rocks the house\\\". Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson is an album by jazz organist Joey DeFrancesco, a tribute to deceased entertainer Michael Jackson. The album was released in 2010 on HighNote Records and was produced by DeFrancesco and Glenn Ferracone. It was nominated for the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album. This album is one of several tribute albums released by DeFrancesco; in 2002 he paid tribute to fellow\",\n \"title\": \"Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937073\",\n \"text\": \"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\\\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12138900\",\n \"text\": \"the past: \\\"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\\\" Its B-side is \\\"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\\\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \\\"How Could Something\\\" and by Chamillionaire for \\\"Void In My Life\\\". The music video was an imitation of \\\"The Godfather\\\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375112\",\n \"text\": \"ethereal falsetto to his soft, sweet mid-tones; his fluid, seamless control of often very fast moving series of notes; his percussive yet still melodic outbursts, ululations and interjections (from those spooky \\\"tee-hee-hees\\\" to grunts and wails). Unusually for someone coming from a black American soul tradition, he did not often sing straight, unadorned ballads, though when he did (from 'Ben' to 'She's Out of My Life') the effect was of a powerful simplicity and truth.\\\" Jackson has been called the king of music videos. Steve Huey of AllMusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12389360\",\n \"text\": \"and music promotions did not want negative publicity from these lawsuits interfering with their profits. Michael Jackson now regrets making these payments. These settlements were entered into with one primary condition – that condition was that Mr. Jackson never admitted any wrongdoing. Mr. Jackson always denied doing anything wrong ... Mr. Jackson now realizes the advice he received was wrong.\\\" Jackson explained why had he had settled: \\\"I wanted to go on with my life. Too many people had already been hurt. I want to make records. I want to sing. I want to perform again ... It's my talent.\",\n \"title\": \"1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13982590\",\n \"text\": \"an unnamed surrogate mother. Rowe said that she was not the biological mother of Prince Michael II, who is nicknamed \\\"Blanket\\\". Jackson stated that the baby was produced through artificial insemination using his own sperm cells. He further said that he did not know the mother, and she did not know him, and that in asking for a surrogate mother, he did not care how old she was or what race she was. It did, however, matter to him that she was intelligent, healthy, and had uncorrected eyesight. In the television documentary, \\\"The Michael Jackson Interview: The Footage You Were\",\n \"title\": \"Personal relationships of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937071\",\n \"text\": \"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9553145\",\n \"text\": \"come back to the others later on. My Kind of Music My Kind of Music was a music game show that aired on ITV from 8 February 1998 to 29 March 2002 and was hosted by Michael Barrymore. The show's main theme, \\\"My Kind of People\\\", where presenter Michael Barrymore sang some of the lyrics when appearing at the very start, was based on the same song by Robert Palmer released in 1991. Three teams of two people would test their musical knowledge against their chosen opponents and rivals, where the surviving team could go on to win £13,000 in\",\n \"title\": \"My Kind of Music\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9553137\",\n \"text\": \"My Kind of Music My Kind of Music was a music game show that aired on ITV from 8 February 1998 to 29 March 2002 and was hosted by Michael Barrymore. The show's main theme, \\\"My Kind of People\\\", where presenter Michael Barrymore sang some of the lyrics when appearing at the very start, was based on the same song by Robert Palmer released in 1991. Three teams of two people would test their musical knowledge against their chosen opponents and rivals, where the surviving team could go on to win £13,000 in the jackpot; later it was increased to\",\n \"title\": \"My Kind of Music\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15411288\",\n \"text\": \"Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson is an album by jazz organist Joey DeFrancesco, a tribute to deceased entertainer Michael Jackson. The album was released in 2010 on HighNote Records and was produced by DeFrancesco and Glenn Ferracone. It was nominated for the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album. This album is one of several tribute albums released by DeFrancesco; in 2002 he paid tribute to fellow Philadelphian Don Patterson, plus Jimmy Smith in 1999, Frank Sinatra in 2004 and Horace Silver in 2009. Along with\",\n \"title\": \"Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9553139\",\n \"text\": \"it right on the first clue. The second round, saw the contestants deal with another film of Michael Barrymore's tour of \\\"My Kind of People\\\", with the audience having the chance to sing no matter how bad. Questions were based on the particular footage of the presentation of the songs. Sometimes, this would be replaced with a game called \\\"Pop Props\\\", in which Michael Barrymore would in reference to an earlier ITV game show titled \\\"Catchphrase\\\", show to the teams various objects relating to a performer and the teams had to buzz if they knew it. For example, an inflatable\",\n \"title\": \"My Kind of Music\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12253733\",\n \"text\": \"quoted describing Barry Gibb's contribution to this song: \\\"He did the demo first. Barbra sang to the demo, then he came back and replaced a couple of things after he had heard what she was doing.\\\" Released as the third single from Streisand's 1980 album \\\"Guilty\\\", \\\"What Kind of Fool\\\" was the third consecutive top ten single from the album in the United States. \\\"Woman in Love\\\" reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart, and the album's title track (also a duet between the two singers) reached number three, both in late 1980. \\\"What Kind of Fool\\\" spent\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Fool\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375064\",\n \"text\": \"22nd American Music Award for Artist of the Century. On February 22 of the same year, his third child, Prince Michael Jackson II (nicknamed \\\"Blanket\\\") was born. The mother's identity was not announced, but Jackson said Prince was the result of artificial insemination from a surrogate mother and his own sperm. Jackson alleged in July 2002 that Sony Music chairman Tommy Mottola was a \\\"devil\\\" and \\\"racist\\\" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own gain. He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a \\\"fat nigger\\\". Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract,\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8266566\",\n \"text\": \"Ghosts (Michael Jackson song) \\\"Ghosts\\\" is a 1997 song by Michael Jackson. \\\"Ghosts\\\" was written, composed and produced by Michael Jackson and Teddy Riley. Commentators made observations about the paranoid lyrics, a common theme in Jackson's work. Its music video was a five-minute clip taken from the much longer film of the same name. It was released as part of the single release \\\"HIStory\\\"/\\\"Ghosts\\\", a double A-side single from Michael Jackson's 1997 remix album \\\"\\\". The song would become a top five hit in the UK, France and Italy, but did not chart as highly elsewhere. \\\"Ghosts\\\" was one of\",\n \"title\": \"Ghosts (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6242850\",\n \"text\": \"to him in 1997. However, Ray did sue Jackson on May 6, 2009 in a dispute to obtain uncollected royalties. less than two months before Jackson's death on June 25. Eventually the Jackson Family Trust settled. Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video) Michael Jackson's Thriller is a music video for the Michael Jackson song \\\"Thriller\\\". It was directed by John Landis and written by Landis and Jackson. It was released on December 2, 1983, by Columbia Pictures. In the video, Jackson and his girlfriend (played by Ola Ray) are confronted by zombies while walking home from a movie theater. Jackson becomes\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16756603\",\n \"text\": \"What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album) What Did You Expect? is an album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Cohen which was released on Folkways Records (FS 8582 Folkways Records, 1973). The album was re-released by Smithsonian Folkways Records as a compact disc (FW0852 Smithsonian Folkways Records). It is Cohen's second album, following his self released debut \\\"Mike Cohen\\\" (1972). The original LP carried a sticker on the front cover which stated, \\\"Songs sensitively and honestly dealing with the experiences of being gay, written and sung by this brilliant young artist Solos and group. \\\"This album, along with Steven Grossman\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11374995\",\n \"text\": \"solo performer in the early 1970s, he maintained ties to the Jackson 5 and Motown. Between 1972 and 1975, Michael released four solo studio albums with Motown: \\\"Got to Be There\\\" (1972), \\\"Ben\\\" (1972), \\\"Music & Me\\\" (1973), and \\\"Forever, Michael\\\" (1975). \\\"Got to Be There\\\" and \\\"Ben\\\", the title tracks from his first two solo albums, became successful singles, as did a cover of Bobby Day's \\\"Rockin' Robin\\\". The Jackson 5 were later described as \\\"a cutting-edge example of black crossover artists\\\". Although their sales began to decline in 1973, and the members chafed under Motown's refusal to allow\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16756604\",\n \"text\": \"(musician)'s \\\"Caravan Tonight\\\" (1974) and Chris Robison's \\\"Chris Robison and His Many Hand Band\\\" (1973), is one of the first to deal with openly gay themes and issues within the song lyrics. The style of the album is very much within the folk-rock genre and it includes the song \\\"Bitterfeast\\\" which adapts a poem by Cohen's namesake and fellow singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen. Musicians who played on the album include the drummer Kevin Kelley. What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album) What Did You Expect? is an album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Cohen which was released on Folkways Records (FS\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12253732\",\n \"text\": \"What Kind of Fool \\\"What Kind of Fool\\\" is the title of a vocal duet from 1981 (see 1981 in music) by singers Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb. The song was written by Gibb and Albhy Galuten. The songs on the \\\"Guilty\\\" album were a collaboration between Streisand and all the members of the Bee Gees, including Barry's brothers, Robin and Maurice Gibb. But Barry Gibb played the largest role of the brothers on the album, co-writing and co-producing all of the tracks, appearing on the album cover embracing Streisand, and singing two duets with her. Co-producer Karl Richardson was\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Fool\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16038490\",\n \"text\": \"covered the song on his 2002 album for DreamWorks Records. It was the B-side to the album's first single, \\\"Honey Do\\\". What Kind of Love \\\"What Kind of Love\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album \\\"Life Is Messy\\\". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks in Canada. Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Love\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16038488\",\n \"text\": \"What Kind of Love \\\"What Kind of Love\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album \\\"Life Is Messy\\\". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks in Canada. Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that Roy Orbison had made before his death. The song features backing vocals from Don Henley and Linda Ronstadt. Deborah Evans Price,\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Love\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12253734\",\n \"text\": \"three weeks at number ten on the Hot 100 in March and April 1981. It also spent four weeks atop the \\\"Billboard\\\" adult contemporary chart. Popular American TV serial \\\"Glee\\\" covered this song in 2011 by fictional character Blaine Anderson (as played by Darren Criss). This was featured on their soundtrack album \\\"\\\". No Glee episode had featured this version, as it is only appeared in the album. What Kind of Fool \\\"What Kind of Fool\\\" is the title of a vocal duet from 1981 (see 1981 in music) by singers Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb. The song was written\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Fool\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19286484\",\n \"text\": \"What Kind of an American are You? What Kind of an American are you?, also known as What Kind of American are you?, is a World War I era song released in 1917. Albert Von Tilzer composed the music. Lew Brown and Charles R. McCarron wrote the lyrics. The song was published by Broadway Music Co. of New York, New York. On the cover is a gray drawing of Uncle Sam pointing. A map of the United States is featured on the lower half of the cover. The song was written for voice and piano. The sheet music can be\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of an American are You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3688815\",\n \"text\": \"the most (and unfortunately there are few who do not fit into stated majority).\\\" During the trial, Matt Drudge accused the media of largely ignoring testimony and evidence that exonerated Jackson and said, \\\"Out here...Michael Jackson is being literally crucified...I think if you did a pulse poll, of people listening to these local talk shows, they would say 95% that Michael Jackson did all this...because it's based on the coverage.\\\" Court TV hired tabloid journalist Diane Dimond to cover the trial even though Dimond had previously been sued by Jackson and evaded the suit with the help of prosecutor Sneddon.\",\n \"title\": \"Trial of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11501237\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Jackson videography American entertainer Michael Jackson (1958–2009) debuted on the professional music scene at age five as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still part of the group. Jackson has been referred to as the \\\"King of Music Videos\\\" in subsequent years. Jackson had seven of his solo albums promoted with music videos. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular culture and the first African American entertainer to have a strong crossover fanbase on MTV. The popularity of his music videos that aired on MTV, such as\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson videography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6853185\",\n \"text\": \"a theme that Jackson had frequently used on previous studio albums. \\\"The Atlantic\\\" felt that Jackson showed \\\"obvious expressions of distrust\\\" in the song and that the song was one of multiple songs where Jackson's \\\"persistent loneliness in his music\\\" was \\\"prominent\\\". In 2009, J. Edward Keyes, of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", described \\\"Leave Me Alone\\\" as sounding like \\\"vintage Michael\\\" and the song works because of its music, \\\"a batch of thick chords for Jackson to vamp over\\\". Keyes noted that the song was a \\\"kind of darker inversion\\\" of \\\"The Way You Make Me Feel\\\", and that \\\"Leave Me Alone\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Leave Me Alone (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6867596\",\n \"text\": \"tracklist of the album on sites like Spotify and Apple Music on 20 April 2018. In 1972, Barbra Streisand released \\\"Make Your Own Kind of Music\\\" as a single in a medley with \\\"Sing\\\", which became an Easy Listening hit (No. 28) but only reached No. 94 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. Streisand also recorded parts of the song as a medley with \\\"The World is a Concerto\\\" for \\\"Barbra Streisand...And Other Musical Instruments\\\". A happy hardcore cover of the track was released in 1997 by DJ Daydream. Make Your Own Kind of Music (song) \\\"Make Your Own Kind of\",\n \"title\": \"Make Your Own Kind of Music (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15105025\",\n \"text\": \"Whilst Ulala is distracted by a fake scoop, the headquarters are attacked and Space Michael is kidnapped by Purge and the Rhythm Rogues and has to be rescued by Ulala in a level featuring several of Michael's trademark dance moves. He then joins Ulala in facing up against Purge. In both versions of the game, Michael speaks in English, which is subtitled into Japanese in the Japanese version. The May 2007 issue of EGM contains a quote from series creator Tetsuya Mizuguchi concerning what it was like to work with Jackson: Michael Jackson: The Experience is a music video game\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson-related games\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13517388\",\n \"text\": \"of the U2 360 tour in Barcelona dedicated the song \\\"Angel of Harlem\\\" to Jackson. U2 vocalist Bono sang verses from \\\"Man In The Mirror\\\" and \\\"Don't Stop Till You Get Enough\\\" at the end of the song. On July 10, 2009, six thousand fans attended a musical tribute in Jackson's hometown of Gary, Indiana. Local performers staged a medley of his songs, and mayor Rudy Clay unveiled a seven-foot memorial to him. Jesse Jackson addressed the crowd, stating, \\\"This is where Michael learned to dance, where he learned to sing, where he learned to sacrifice.\\\" The day after Jackson's\",\n \"title\": \"Death of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578094\",\n \"text\": \"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \\\"What Katy Did\\\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \\\"Little Women\\\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6242830\",\n \"text\": \"He recalled telling Jackson: \\\"It’s simple—all you’ve got to do is dance, sing, and make it scary.\\\" In early August, after seeing his horror film \\\"An American Werewolf in London\\\", Jackson contacted John Landis to direct. At the time, commercial directors did not direct music videos, but Landis was intrigued. He and Jackson conceived a short shot on 35 mm film with the production values of a feature film. They planned a budget of $900,000, much larger than any previous music video. According to Landis, when he called Yetnikoff to propose the film, Yetnikoff swore so loudly he had to\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578084\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20086152\",\n \"text\": \"his signature moves, while dancing to a medley of Jackson's songs. Michael Jackson impersonator A Michael Jackson impersonator is someone who impersonates or copies the look and sound of American entertainer Michael Jackson. They work all over the world as entertainers, and such tribute acts remain in great demand due to the high popularity of Jackson. \\\"Thriller – Live\\\" is a two-and-a-half-hour concert celebrating the music of Jackson. It had already been performed in the United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, and Scandinavia before opening at the Lyric Theatre, London on 2 January 2009. The show was conceived by Jackson family friend\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson impersonator\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20086150\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Jackson impersonator A Michael Jackson impersonator is someone who impersonates or copies the look and sound of American entertainer Michael Jackson. They work all over the world as entertainers, and such tribute acts remain in great demand due to the high popularity of Jackson. \\\"Thriller – Live\\\" is a two-and-a-half-hour concert celebrating the music of Jackson. It had already been performed in the United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, and Scandinavia before opening at the Lyric Theatre, London on 2 January 2009. The show was conceived by Jackson family friend and author, Adrian Grant. Thrill the World is an annual international\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson impersonator\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13517360\",\n \"text\": \"in May 2009 as part of Jackson's agreement with AEG Live, the promoter of his London concerts. Murray first met Jackson in Las Vegas when he treated one of Jackson's children. AEG Live said Jackson insisted the company hire Murray to accompany him to England. During Murray's trial it emerged that AEG employed Murray and that Jackson did not sign the contract for the above-cited employment either. Murray said through his attorney that he did not prescribe or administer pethidine or oxycodone to Jackson, but did not say what, if anything, he did prescribe or administer. Los Angeles police said\",\n \"title\": \"Death of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11374981\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter and dancer. Dubbed the \\\"King of Pop\\\", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century and is also regarded as one of the greatest entertainers of all time. Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14215742\",\n \"text\": \"The Original Soul of Michael Jackson The Original Soul of Michael Jackson is a remix album of songs by Michael Jackson, recorded and published early in his solo career in the early 1970s and remixed in 1987. While the album claims that it \\\"contains music never before released\\\", the only new song available was a re-dubbed cover of Edwin Starr's 1970 hit \\\"Twenty-Five Miles\\\", sung by the Jackson Five and solely credited to Michael. The original recording of the song was included on the 2009 set \\\"\\\". Some songs were newly edited on the album, with a newly dubbed version\",\n \"title\": \"The Original Soul of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19190260\",\n \"text\": \"studio, and it was like an 11-hour studio session where we finished writing the song.\\\" After a live performance on \\\"Live with Kelly and Michael\\\", Cabello said, \\\"We were just kind of jamming out. We weren’t really just writing a song. We kind of started spitting out melodies and put lyrics to it; I don't think we knew we had a song.\\\" The artists co-wrote \\\"I Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" with its producers Ido Zmishlany and Noel Zancanella, with Bill Withers and Ryan Tedder receiving songwriting credits for the sampling of his 1971 single \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\". Cabello\",\n \"title\": \"I Know What You Did Last Summer (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375125\",\n \"text\": \"the most popular black singer ever.\\\" In 1990, \\\"Vanity Fair\\\" cited Jackson as the most popular artist in the history of show business. In 2003, \\\"Daily Telegraph\\\" writer Tom Utley described Jackson as \\\"extremely important\\\" and a \\\"genius\\\". In 2007, Jackson said: \\\"Music has been my outlet, my gift to all of the lovers in this world. Through it, my music, I know I will live forever.\\\" At Jackson's memorial service on July 7, 2009, Motown founder Berry Gordy proclaimed Jackson \\\"the greatest entertainer that ever lived\\\". In a June 28, 2009 \\\"Baltimore Sun\\\" article titled \\\"7 Ways Michael Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1610575\",\n \"text\": \"universally recognized\\\". Producer Quincy Jones, one of Davis's longtime friends, wrote: \\\"That [\\\"Kind of Blue\\\"] will always be my music, man. I play \\\"Kind of Blue\\\" every day—it's my orange juice. It still sounds like it was made yesterday\\\". Pianist Chick Corea, one of Miles's acolytes, was also struck by its majesty, later stating \\\"It's one thing to just play a tune, or play a program of music, but it's another thing to practically create a new language of music, which is what \\\"Kind of Blue\\\" did.\\\" Gary Burton, of Berklee College of Music, noted the consistent innovation present throughout\",\n \"title\": \"Kind of Blue\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15805910\",\n \"text\": \"My Kind of Music (Ray Scott album) My Kind of Music is the debut album of American country music singer Ray Scott. It was released in 2005 via Warner Bros. Records. The album includes the singles \\\"My Kind of Music\\\", \\\"Gone Either Way\\\" and \\\"I Didn't Come Here to Talk\\\". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic gave the album four-and-a-half stars, praising Scott's outlaw country influences and the \\\"wry humor\\\". He called the title track \\\"very funny [and] very appealing\\\". \\\"Country Standard Time\\\" reviewer Michael Sudhalter made a similar comparison to outlaw country. Giving it a \\\"B\\\", Chris Willman of \\\"Entertainment\",\n \"title\": \"My Kind of Music (Ray Scott album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13381291\",\n \"text\": \"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am \\\"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am\\\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Lee Roy Parnell, written by Al Carmichael and Gary Griffin. It was released in May 1992 as the second single from the album, \\\"Love Without Mercy\\\". The song was Parnell's fifth single release, and his first to reach Top 40 on the Hot Country Songs charts. It is also one of three singles in his career to reach number two on the country music charts. \\\"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13517380\",\n \"text\": \"in a global media event of the first order\\\" and \\\"the fact that he has broken into the top media of the 21st century\\\" was a \\\"testament to the global impact of the man and his music\\\". Commentators worldwide made connections between Jackson's death and the problems they perceived with everything from the racial dichotomy that Jackson sang about, to the \\\"profoundly tragic figure\\\" of Michael Jackson—from American capitalism and globalization, to the fall of the music industry in the 1980s. \\\"Le Figaro\\\" columnist Yann Moix said that although Jackson, like his iconic Moonwalk, lived life in reverse, the world\",\n \"title\": \"Death of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11501245\",\n \"text\": \"the show, one night and offered to do a guest spot. The offer was accepted and a script was written by Al Jean and Mike Reiss, based on an idea pitched by James L. Brooks. Groening and co-executive producer Sam Simon also contributed significantly to the writing of the episode. In 2017, archival recordings of Jackson were in the TV special \\\"Michael Jackson's Halloween\\\". Michael Jackson videography American entertainer Michael Jackson (1958–2009) debuted on the professional music scene at age five as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still part of the\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson videography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20724121\",\n \"text\": \"The Last Days of Michael Jackson The Last Days of Michael Jackson is a two-hour television special that premiered on ABC on May 24, 2018. The special is dedicated to Michael Jackson's life and legacy and is chronicling everything from his childhood to the comeback concert, \\\"This is It,\\\" that he never got to perform. It will also feature never-before-seen interviews he did with Barbara Walters and Diane Sawyer, as well as conversations with his friends and family. The special was watched by 5.56 million viewers and was met with negative response. The Michael Jackson estate criticized the TV special\",\n \"title\": \"The Last Days of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5576561\",\n \"text\": \"to her callgirl existence again. Her employer slaps her in the face and she is then seen being prepared for a new identity. This version did not initially air in the USA but was included on the video albums: \\\"\\\" and \\\"Michael Jackson's Vision\\\". Another version of the video features footage from past music videos and live performances. This is the version that first aired in the USA. Who Is It (Michael Jackson song) \\\"Who Is It\\\" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson. It was released by Epic Records on August 31, 1992, as the fifth single\",\n \"title\": \"Who Is It (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3688807\",\n \"text\": \"spend all his time with him. When asked about the lawsuits that resulted from her family's involvement with Michael Jackson, June Chandler made the distinction that even though she was listed as a plaintiff and received settlement money, it was not she who sued Jackson, but rather Jordan and his father Evan who did so. She claimed not to recall that Jackson had counter sued for extortion, or that her second husband, Dave Schwartz, had sued Jackson, or that Evan Chandler had sued Jackson a second time. Thomas Mesereau said in a Harvard lecture later that year, \\\"the prosecutors tried\",\n \"title\": \"Trial of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375091\",\n \"text\": \"released work. On November 4, 2010, Sony announced the first posthumous album, \\\"Michael\\\", released on December 14, with the promotional single, \\\"Breaking News\\\", released to radio on November 8. Sony Music paid the Jackson estate for the deal, plus royalties, making it the most expensive music contract pertaining to a single artist in history. Video game developer Ubisoft announced a dancing-and-singing game featuring Michael Jackson for the 2010 holiday season, \\\";\\\" it was among the first games to use Kinect and PlayStation Move, the motion-detecting camera systems for Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3 respectively. On November 3, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6201110\",\n \"text\": \"sister, and two brothers to sing and regularly played music by Joan Baez, Joni Mitchell, Bob Dylan and Elvis Presley at home. He moved to Spokane as a teenager. In Seattle, Jackson worked as an ad executive at a magazine and did some theater work on the side, earning his Equity card. \\\"As soon as I found out what theater was, what Broadway was, I thought, 'Oh, that's what I'll do with my life.' Just a matter of getting all the pieces in place,\\\" he said. Inspired to rethink his career after the September 11 attacks, he moved to New\",\n \"title\": \"Cheyenne Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13517396\",\n \"text\": \"death, and was dedicated to Jackson's memory. His 1978 film \\\"The Wiz\\\" (in which he co-starred alongside Diana Ross and Richard Pryor) was briefly re-released in a rare 35mm format and was shown at the Hollywood Theater in his honor. It was also re-released a week prior to the release of \\\"Michael Jackson's This Is It\\\" in select cities. Madonna opened the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards with a speech about Michael Jackson. Janet Jackson made an appearance at the VMAs to pay a musical tribute to her brother and honor his career. He was honored with a posthumous lifetime\",\n \"title\": \"Death of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5394085\",\n \"text\": \"commented that \\\"Ben\\\"s title track was a \\\"testament to his talent\\\" and added that the album would \\\"always be defined\\\" by that song. Adapted from AllMusic. Ben (Michael Jackson album) Ben is the second studio album by Michael Jackson, released by Motown Records on August 4, 1972, while Jackson was still a member of The Jackson 5. The album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics. \\\"Ben\\\" was more successful on the music charts than Jackson's previous studio album, having charted within the top ten on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. Internationally, the album was less successful, peaking at number twelve in\",\n \"title\": \"Ben (Michael Jackson album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5394074\",\n \"text\": \"Ben (Michael Jackson album) Ben is the second studio album by Michael Jackson, released by Motown Records on August 4, 1972, while Jackson was still a member of The Jackson 5. The album received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics. \\\"Ben\\\" was more successful on the music charts than Jackson's previous studio album, having charted within the top ten on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. Internationally, the album was less successful, peaking at number twelve in Canada, while charting within the top 200 positions in Australia and France. Worldwide, \\\"Ben\\\" has sold a reported 5 million units. The album released one single,\",\n \"title\": \"Ben (Michael Jackson album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15047375\",\n \"text\": \"statement of \\\"even if the alleged action happened.\\\" However, the next day, Zia Modabber of Sony Music's law firm, Katten Muchin Rosenman, recanted these reports, stating that \\\"no one has conceded that Michael Jackson did not sing on the songs\\\". The song received instant airplay on numerous radio stations on the debut day, as 151 U.S. stations sampled \\\"Breaking News\\\" that day on several formats, from pop and R&B to adult and oldies. A total of 246 plays were recorded on that day, reaching an estimated 2.2 million listeners. Additionally it logged 1.1 million impressions on 52 R&B/Hip-Hop stations after\",\n \"title\": \"Breaking News (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15047047\",\n \"text\": \"Fans have suggested that Italian-American R&B singer Jason Malachi recorded vocals for the tracks, but this was denied by the Jackson estate's lawyer. On January 16, 2011, a statement appeared on Malachi's Facebook page \\\"confessing\\\" to recording the vocals; however, Malachi claimed on MySpace that his Facebook and website had been hacked. Malachi's manager Thad Nauden stated that \\\"Jason wants everyone to know beyond a shadow of a doubt, he did not sing a single note on the album\\\". On June 12, 2014, a consumer who had purchased \\\"Michael\\\" filed a class-action lawsuit against Sony Music, the Jackson Estate, MJJ\",\n \"title\": \"Michael (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15105027\",\n \"text\": \"developed by SEE MJ Virtual Worlds (The Michael Jackson Company LLC and SEE Entertainment) and was originally scheduled for release in 2011, but was eventually canceled. \\\"Planet Michael\\\" was to be based within the Entropia Universe. Michael Jackson-related games There are at least eight video games that Michael Jackson has composed music for or are directly related to him. Sega was the developer for at least five of them: the arcade and Mega Drive / Genesis versions of \\\"Michael Jackson's Moonwalker\\\", \\\"Sonic the Hedgehog 3\\\" for the Mega Drive / Genesis, and \\\"Space Channel 5\\\" and \\\"\\\" for the Dreamcast.\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson-related games\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14215743\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Dancing Machine\\\". \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\" were also slightly different in the vocals and a modern drum machine were added to \\\"Twenty-Five Miles\\\". \\\"Melodie\\\" was planned for a single in an effort to promote the record in the US, but was scrapped for a promo-only single \\\"Twenty-Five Miles\\\"/\\\"Up On The Housetop\\\". The Original Soul of Michael Jackson The Original Soul of Michael Jackson is a remix album of songs by Michael Jackson, recorded and published early in his solo career in the early 1970s and remixed in 1987. While the album claims that it \\\"contains music never before released\\\", the\",\n \"title\": \"The Original Soul of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2957042\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson and Paul McCartney recording \\\"The Girl Is Mine\\\"; it was completed on the final day of mixing, November 8, 1982. Several members of the band Toto were involved in the album's recording and production. Jackson wrote four songs for the record: \\\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\\\", \\\"The Girl Is Mine\\\", \\\"Beat It\\\" and \\\"Billie Jean\\\". Unlike many artists, Jackson did not write these songs on paper. Instead, he dictated into a sound recorder; when recording he would sing from memory. The relationship between Jackson and Jones became strained during the recording. Jackson spent much of his time rehearsing dance steps\",\n \"title\": \"Thriller (Michael Jackson album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17361228\",\n \"text\": \"Unity: The Latin Tribute to Michael Jackson Unity: The Latin Tribute to Michael Jackson, also known as The Unity Project, is a collaborative musical project aimed at creating a Michael Jackson tribute album inspired by Latin music styles. The leader of the project is Peruvian-American musician Tony Succar and vocals are provided by a number of leading artists in Latin music genres, especially Salsa. Succar's aim with the project was to celebrate Jackson's music and legacy by combining it with a Latin-orchestrated sound. The stated goal is \\\"to honor the legacy of Michael Jackson, the King of Pop. By remaining\",\n \"title\": \"Unity: The Latin Tribute to Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19429189\",\n \"text\": \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am) \\\"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\\\" is a song written by Loretta Lynn and Teddy Wilburn that was also recorded by Loretta Lynn. It was released as a single in August 1967 via Decca Records. \\\"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\\\" was recorded at the Bradley's Barn on January 18, 1967. Located in Mount Juliet, Tennessee, the session was produced by renowned country music producer Owen Bradley. Three additional tracks were recorded during this session. \\\"What Kind of a Girl (Do You\",\n \"title\": \"What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10733915\",\n \"text\": \"affections, identifications, and places of personal anchorage. The critic Vincent O'Sullivan writes, \\\"What one hears in his readings is the modest, confidant, international voice that drives his poems, the conversing of a man who, as ever, is on one road to find another.\\\" Jackson holds a Bachelor of Arts from Victoria University of Wellington, a Master of Arts (postgraduate) from the University of Auckland, and a Doctor of Philosophy from Cambridge University. Michael Jackson (anthropologist) Michael D. Jackson (born 1940) is a New Zealand poet and anthropologist who has taught in anthropology departments at Massey University, the Australian National University,\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson (anthropologist)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8266573\",\n \"text\": \"European CD promo HIStory (Mark Picchiotti Remixes) 12\\\" promo Ghosts (Mousse T Mixes) 12\\\" promo Ghosts (Michael Jackson song) \\\"Ghosts\\\" is a 1997 song by Michael Jackson. \\\"Ghosts\\\" was written, composed and produced by Michael Jackson and Teddy Riley. Commentators made observations about the paranoid lyrics, a common theme in Jackson's work. Its music video was a five-minute clip taken from the much longer film of the same name. It was released as part of the single release \\\"HIStory\\\"/\\\"Ghosts\\\", a double A-side single from Michael Jackson's 1997 remix album \\\"\\\". The song would become a top five hit in the\",\n \"title\": \"Ghosts (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049221\",\n \"text\": \"Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12138898\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song) \\\"Do What You Do\\\" is a single by American R&B singer Jermaine Jackson, sibling of singers Michael and Janet Jackson and former member of The Jackson 5. It was released as the second single from his 1984 album, entitled \\\"Jermaine Jackson\\\" in the United States but marketed as \\\"Dynamite\\\" in the United Kingdom and other countries. This was one of Jermaine's first releases with Arista Records after a long recording career with Motown Records, first as a member of The Jackson 5, then later as a solo artist. Although Jermaine Jackson never achieved\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15963880\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Immortal (Deluxe)\\\" as follows: Credits taken from the liner notes. Immortal (Michael Jackson album) Immortal is a remix album of music originally recorded by American recording artist Michael Jackson, and featuring The Jackson 5/The Jacksons, released on November 18, 2011 by Epic Records. The album is a soundtrack to Cirque du Soleil's , which debuted on October 2, 2011 in Montreal. On October 3, 2011, Sony Music Entertainment announced that over 40 of Jackson's original recordings were redesigned and reimagined by the Justin Timberlake and Rihanna producer Kevin Antunes throughout a year-period work in the studio with original multi-track master\",\n \"title\": \"Immortal (Michael Jackson album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15963870\",\n \"text\": \"Immortal (Michael Jackson album) Immortal is a remix album of music originally recorded by American recording artist Michael Jackson, and featuring The Jackson 5/The Jacksons, released on November 18, 2011 by Epic Records. The album is a soundtrack to Cirque du Soleil's , which debuted on October 2, 2011 in Montreal. On October 3, 2011, Sony Music Entertainment announced that over 40 of Jackson's original recordings were redesigned and reimagined by the Justin Timberlake and Rihanna producer Kevin Antunes throughout a year-period work in the studio with original multi-track master recordings. Hence it's expected that \\\"Immortal\\\" will continue a similar\",\n \"title\": \"Immortal (Michael Jackson album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3688779\",\n \"text\": \"a hard-on,\\\" and that he told the boys, who were \\\"grossed out,\\\" that nudity was natural. Star said Jackson stayed for two minutes and sat on the bed, but neither brother spoke a word during that time. According to Gavin, the boys were \\\"just laying there\\\" when Jackson \\\"ran up there and got something and went back downstairs,\\\" without saying anything. Gavin did not describe Jackson as having an erection. The accuser's mother, Janet Arvizo, testified that on a flight from Miami to Los Angeles, she \\\"saw Michael licking Gavin's head\\\" while he was asleep. Before she testified about it,\",\n \"title\": \"Trial of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5862004\",\n \"text\": \"Butterflies (Michael Jackson song) \\\"Butterflies\\\" is a song by Michael Jackson. It was written and composed by Andre Harris and Marsha Ambrosius, and produced by Jackson and Harris. The track appears on Jackson's tenth studio album, \\\"Invincible\\\" (2001), and is Jackson's final single from a studio album. The song also appeared in \\\"The Ultimate Collection\\\" (2004). \\\"Butterflies\\\" is a midtempo ballad. The single received generally positive reviews from music critics; some music reviewers described the song as being one of the best songs on \\\"Invincible\\\" while others felt that it was a \\\"decent track\\\". The song was only released in\",\n \"title\": \"Butterflies (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375133\",\n \"text\": \"for a celebrity. The majority was due to the sale of the Sony/ATV catalog. It was the seventh consecutive year since his death in which Jackson's annual earnings were over $100 million. Note 1 Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter and dancer. Dubbed the \\\"King of Pop\\\", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century and is also regarded as one of the greatest entertainers of all time. Jackson's contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with his publicized personal life, made\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994152\",\n \"text\": \"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\\\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \\\"Fireball\\\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375043\",\n \"text\": \"Engineered – Non Classical, awarding the work of Bruce Swedien and Teddy Riley. In the same year, Michael Jackson won three American Music Awards for Favorite Pop/Rock Album (\\\"Dangerous\\\"), Favorite Soul/R&B Single (\\\"Remember the Time\\\"), and was the first to win the International Artist Award of Excellence, for his global performances and humanitarian concerns. Jackson agreed to produce the soundtrack for Sega's 1994 video game \\\"Sonic the Hedgehog 3\\\" with collaborators Brad Buxer, Bobby Brooks, Darryl Ross, Geoff Grace, Doug Grigsby, and Cirocco Jones. Jackson left the project before completion and was not credited; some sources state Jackson was dissatisfied\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11374994\",\n \"text\": \"to record music for Motown. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" later described the young Michael as \\\"a prodigy\\\" with \\\"overwhelming musical gifts\\\" who \\\"quickly emerged as the main draw and lead singer.\\\" The group set a chart record when its first four singles—\\\"I Want You Back\\\" (1969), \\\"ABC\\\" (1970), \\\"The Love You Save\\\" (1970), and \\\"I'll Be There\\\" (1970)—peaked at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. In May 1971, the Jackson family moved into a large home on two-acre estate in Encino, California. During this period, Michael evolved from child performer into a teen idol. As Jackson began to emerge as a\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4986453\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Jackson (actor) Michael Jackson (born November 8, 1970) is a Canadian actor, grip, gaffer and known for his acting role as \\\"Trevor\\\" in the comedy TV series \\\"Trailer Park Boys\\\" (2001–2006) and the later film \\\"\\\" (2006). Jackson was born in Ottawa, Ontario and grew up in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, where he currently lives. He has contributed to the local music scene with many group and solo projects, including Moral Support, Aimless, Thruster, The Thursday Toads, Pink Kitten, Defense Andrew, The Sycamores, Rick of The Skins, El Groupo De Rock, Vavoom, T-Bag, The Olympian and most recently Doug Mason.\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6242825\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video) Michael Jackson's Thriller is a music video for the Michael Jackson song \\\"Thriller\\\". It was directed by John Landis and written by Landis and Jackson. It was released on December 2, 1983, by Columbia Pictures. In the video, Jackson and his girlfriend (played by Ola Ray) are confronted by zombies while walking home from a movie theater. Jackson becomes a zombie and performs a dance routine with a horde of the undead. The video references numerous horror films. Jackson contacted Landis after seeing his film \\\"An American Werewolf in London.\\\" The pair conceived a short\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14652654\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Jackson: The Experience Michael Jackson: The Experience is a music video game based on Michael Jackson's music and songs. It was licensed by Triumph International, developed by and published by Ubisoft, and was released on November 23, 2010 in North America, November 25, 2010 in Australia and November 26, 2010 in Europe for the Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable and Wii. It was also released on April 12, 2011 in North America, April 14, 2011 in Australia, April 15, 2011 in Europe and December 8, 2011 in Japan for PlayStation 3's PlayStation Move and Xbox 360's Kinect. The game features\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson: The Experience\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4986454\",\n \"text\": \"He is also an IATSE 849 member and has been working as a grip since 1998. Actor - Film titles and associated role: Crewman - Film titles and associated crew job: Michael Jackson (actor) Michael Jackson (born November 8, 1970) is a Canadian actor, grip, gaffer and known for his acting role as \\\"Trevor\\\" in the comedy TV series \\\"Trailer Park Boys\\\" (2001–2006) and the later film \\\"\\\" (2006). Jackson was born in Ottawa, Ontario and grew up in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, where he currently lives. He has contributed to the local music scene with many group and solo projects,\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13982554\",\n \"text\": \"by The Jackson 5, of whom she was a big fan. The young girl was particularly fascinated by lead singer Michael Jackson and his talent at dancing. According to a friend of Presley's, \\\"their adult friendship began in November 1992 in L.A.\\\" They met at a private dinner held at the home of their mutual friend the artist Brett-Livingstone Strong. Knowing that Presley had been looking for help within the music industry, Strong had her play tapes for Jackson, who was impressed with Presley's voice. The pair talked for the remainder of the night, until it was time for Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Personal relationships of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3688725\",\n \"text\": \"Trial of Michael Jackson People v. Jackson (full case name: 1133603: The People of the State of California v. Michael Joe Jackson) was a 2005 criminal trial held in Santa Barbara County Superior Court, in which American recording artist Michael Jackson was charged with molesting Gavin Arvizo, a 13-year-old boy whom the pop star had befriended. Jackson was indicted for four counts of molesting a minor, four counts of intoxicating a minor in order to molest him, one count of attempted child molestation, and one count of conspiring to hold the boy and his family captive at his Neverland Ranch,\",\n \"title\": \"Trial of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18028648\",\n \"text\": \"Statue of Michael Jackson The Michael Jackson Statue is a plaster and resin sculpture of Michael Jackson commissioned by Mohamed Al-Fayed and originally unveiled in 2011 outside Craven Cottage, the ground of Fulham Football Club of which Al-Fayed was chairman. It was removed by new Fulham chairman Shahid Khan in 2013 and moved to the National Football Museum in Manchester in 2014. The statue is high and is made of plaster and resin. While outside Craven Cottage it stood high inclusive of a plinth. Jackson is portrayed wearing a silver jacket, black trousers, white socks and a single glove. Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Statue of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12331606\",\n \"text\": \"Happy (Michael Jackson song) \\\"Happy\\\" is a song recorded by Michael Jackson for the Motown label in 1973. The song featured on Jackson's album \\\"Music & Me\\\". Its full title is \\\"Happy (Love Theme from \\\"Lady Sings the Blues\\\")\\\", although it was never featured in the film or the soundtrack for \\\"Lady Sings the Blues\\\". The song was first released as a single by Bobby Darin in November 23, 1972, peaking #67 on the Billboard Hot 100, his last single to hit the chart. Michael Jackson's single was first released in Australia, backed by \\\"In Our Small Way\\\". Jackson continued\",\n \"title\": \"Happy (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787754\",\n \"text\": \"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \\\"\\\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\\\"\\\" Deborah Evans Price of \\\"Billboard\\\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \\\"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\\\" What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994147\",\n \"text\": \"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \\\"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\\\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049220\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \\\"The Hunter\\\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \\\"The Hunter\\\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375131\",\n \"text\": \"an additional $400 million from concerts, music publishing (including his share of the Beatles catalog), endorsements, merchandising and music videos. Estimating how much of these earnings Jackson was able to keep is difficult because one has to account for taxes, recording costs and production costs. There have also been several detailed estimates of Jackson's net worth during his life, which range from negative $285 million to positive $350 million for the years 2002, 2003 and 2007. On July 26, 2013, the executors of the Estate of Michael Jackson filed a petition in the United States Tax Court as a result\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15105021\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Jackson-related games There are at least eight video games that Michael Jackson has composed music for or are directly related to him. Sega was the developer for at least five of them: the arcade and Mega Drive / Genesis versions of \\\"Michael Jackson's Moonwalker\\\", \\\"Sonic the Hedgehog 3\\\" for the Mega Drive / Genesis, and \\\"Space Channel 5\\\" and \\\"\\\" for the Dreamcast. The other three were produced by other companies: \\\"Moonwalker\\\" by U.S. Gold, \\\"\\\" by Ubisoft, and \\\"Planet Michael\\\" by SEE Virtual Worlds. Michael Jackson's Moonwalker (マイケル・ジャクソンズ・ムーンウォーカー \\\"Maikeru Jakusonzu Mūn'u~ōkā\\\") is a franchise for several video games\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson-related games\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6488006\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson: The Solo Years\\\", believe that Jackson's absence from the video \\\"did little to promote it.\\\" \\\"Shout\\\" was recorded within the album sessions and left off the album while \\\"Streetwalker\\\" from circa 1986 was the musical coda for The Way You Make Me Feel. Cry (Michael Jackson song) \\\"Cry\\\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Michael Jackson that features on his tenth and final studio album, \\\"Invincible\\\" (2001). The song was written by R&B singer-songwriter R. Kelly, who had previously written Jackson's 1995 single \\\"You Are Not Alone\\\". \\\"Cry\\\" was produced by Jackson and Kelly. It was released\",\n \"title\": \"Cry (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15047370\",\n \"text\": \"new Michael Jackson song prompts more controversy, fans were divided, with many loving the new single and others expressing scepticism.\\\" Cameron Adams of \\\"Herald Sun\\\" said the song \\\"would have no doubt stayed unreleased\\\", if Jackson had not died. Joe Vogel, author of the book \\\"Man in the Music: The Creative Life and Work of Michael Jackson\\\", gave the song a positive review, saying, \\\"in spite of the backlash, the content of the song is classic Michael Jackson.\\\" The authenticity of \\\"Breaking News\\\", as with other songs allegedly written with Cascio and Porte (like: \\\"All I Need\\\", \\\"Everything's Just Fine\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Breaking News (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375030\",\n \"text\": \"Feel\\\", \\\"Man in the Mirror\\\", and \\\"Dirty Diana\\\") reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, a record for the most number-one Hot 100 singles from a single album, including \\\"Thriller.\\\" By 2012, \\\"Bad\\\" had sold between 30 and 45 million copies worldwide. Bruce Swedien and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for \\\"Leave Me Alone\\\" in 1989. In the same year, Jackson won an Award of Achievement at the American Music Awards after \\\"Bad\\\" became the first album to\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375093\",\n \"text\": \"to critical and commercial success. In April 2011, billionaire businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed, chairman of Fulham Football Club, unveiled a statue of Michael Jackson outside the club's stadium, Craven Cottage. Fulham fans were bemused by the statue and failed to understand the relevance of Jackson to the club. Al-Fayed defended the statue and told the fans to \\\"go to hell\\\" if they did not appreciate it. The statue was removed in September 2013 and moved to the National Football Museum in Manchester in May 2014. In 2012, in an attempt to end public family feuding, Jackson's brother Jermaine Jackson retracted his\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7976677\",\n \"text\": \"a trio of experimental albums, \\\"Brer Soul\\\", \\\"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\\\" and \\\"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\\\", which were considered to be spoken word at the time, due to their use of sprechgesang. Modern critics have since dubbed these albums as precursors to hip hop music. Van Peebles wanted to record an album that showed that he could perform in a more traditional form, as opposed to the style he had used on his previous albums, titling it \\\"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\\\" because of this. \\\"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\\\" places more emphasis on\",\n \"title\": \"What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6571549\",\n \"text\": \"ballad\\\". \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" claimed that the \\\"most beautifully fragile\\\" \\\"Human Nature\\\" was so open and brave it made \\\"She's Out of My Life\\\" seem phony. The \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" concluded that it was Jackson's delivery that made the \\\"middling ballad\\\" take off. The song was first performed during the Jacksons' Victory Tour. Michael started to sing \\\"Ben\\\", but stopped and proceeded to sing \\\"Human Nature\\\". It was also performed during Michael's Bad World Tour and Dangerous World Tour. Jackson also performed the song live during his 1996 Royal Brunei concert. It was going to be performed for Jackson's This Is\",\n \"title\": \"Human Nature (Michael Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13517369\",\n \"text\": \"to cover up his use of propofol, did not keep sufficient medical records and was negligent in his use of medications on Jackson. Murray's civil attorney, Charles Peckham, denied that Murray gave Jackson anything life-threatening. On August 15, 2012, Joseph dropped his wrongful death lawsuit against Murray. On September 15, 2010, Panish Shea & Boyle LLP also filed a wrongful death lawsuit on behalf of Michael Jackson's three children and his mother against the Anschutz Entertainment Group, Inc. (AEG) and its subsidiaries and principals (including Randy Phillips, Kenny Ortega, Paul Gongaware and Thimothy Leiweke). The suit alleges that AEG put\",\n \"title\": \"Death of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13517366\",\n \"text\": \"He was very mentally aware when we saw him and he was in a very good mood.\\\" Jackson is survived by his three children, Michael Joseph Jackson Jr., known as \\\"Prince\\\" (b. 1997); Paris-Michael Katherine Jackson (b. 1998), born during his marriage to his second wife, Debbie Rowe; and Prince Michael Jackson II, known as \\\"Blanket\\\", born in 2002 to a surrogate mother. He is also survived by his brothers, Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon and Randy; sisters Rebbie, La Toya and Janet; and parents Joseph and Katherine. Katherine was granted temporary guardianship of Michael's three children on June 29, 2009.\",\n \"title\": \"Death of Michael Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20057655\",\n \"text\": \"It has sold 38,700 copies in the United States as of November 2017. Did It for the Party Did It for the Party is the sixth studio album by American country music duo Big & Rich. It was released on September 15, 2017 via Big & Rich Records/Thirty Tigers. The album's lead single is \\\"California\\\". Group member John Rich told \\\"Billboard\\\" that \\\" \\\"there’s some 80s Country on there, and also some Eagles west-coast Country kind of stuff. It’s also a really fun song to sing. When the fans learn it, they sing it at the top of their lungs.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Did It for the Party\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20057653\",\n \"text\": \"Did It for the Party Did It for the Party is the sixth studio album by American country music duo Big & Rich. It was released on September 15, 2017 via Big & Rich Records/Thirty Tigers. The album's lead single is \\\"California\\\". Group member John Rich told \\\"Billboard\\\" that \\\" \\\"there’s some 80s Country on there, and also some Eagles west-coast Country kind of stuff. It’s also a really fun song to sing. When the fans learn it, they sing it at the top of their lungs.\\\" Lead single \\\"California\\\" was originally recorded by Tim McGraw on his album \\\"Damn\",\n \"title\": \"Did It for the Party\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["soul music","pop music","new jack swing","dance music","disco","dance-pop","rock music","rhythm and blues","motown sound","funk"],"string":"[\n \"soul music\",\n \"pop music\",\n \"new jack swing\",\n \"dance music\",\n \"disco\",\n \"dance-pop\",\n \"rock music\",\n \"rhythm and blues\",\n \"motown sound\",\n \"funk\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1784,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what education does jeff corwin have?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3775497","text":"2017, Corwin was sued by an elderly couple in Norwell, Massachusetts for trespassing on the couple's property, chopping down woods to create a hunting ground, and illegally hunting deer. Jeff Corwin Jeffrey Corwin (born July 11, 1967) is an American biologist and wildlife conservationist, known to host many TV series including ABC's \"Ocean Treks with Jeff Corwin\". Corwin was born in Norwell, Massachusetts in 1967, where he attended Norwell High School, then went on to spend his freshman year of college at the Eastern Nazarene College, in Quincy, Massachusetts. Later he attended Bridgewater State University in Bridgewater. Corwin has bachelor","title":"Jeff Corwin"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3775497\",\n \"text\": \"2017, Corwin was sued by an elderly couple in Norwell, Massachusetts for trespassing on the couple's property, chopping down woods to create a hunting ground, and illegally hunting deer. Jeff Corwin Jeffrey Corwin (born July 11, 1967) is an American biologist and wildlife conservationist, known to host many TV series including ABC's \\\"Ocean Treks with Jeff Corwin\\\". Corwin was born in Norwell, Massachusetts in 1967, where he attended Norwell High School, then went on to spend his freshman year of college at the Eastern Nazarene College, in Quincy, Massachusetts. Later he attended Bridgewater State University in Bridgewater. Corwin has bachelor\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Corwin\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3775492","text":"the United Nations regarding the need to conserve neotropical rain forests. Corwin lectures on wildlife, gold mining, ecology and conservation to audiences throughout the United States. In 1994, Corwin served as expedition naturalist for the documentary series titled The JASON Project, led by oceanographer Bob Ballard and sponsored in part by National Geographic. From 1997–1999 Corwin hosted a show for the Disney Channel titled \"Going Wild with Jeff Corwin\". From 2001-2005 Corwin partnered with Animal Planet and Discovery Communications serving as host and executive producer of two series, \"The Jeff Corwin Experience\" from 2000 until 2003 and \"Corwin's Quest\" that","title":"Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"3775495","text":"\"Pound Puppies\". In 2012, Corwin starred in a Claritin commercial as himself. From 2011 to 2016, Corwin hosted and was an executive producer on the ABC wildlife adventure series \"Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin\". In October 2016, ABC began showing his current series, \"Ocean Treks with Jeff Corwin\" which involves ecology. In filming a segment of CNN's \"Planet in Peril\" with Anderson Cooper at Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Center near Phnom Penh, Cambodia on March 22 of 2007, Corwin was the victim of a playful elephant. This rough-play consisted of the elephant putting Corwin's elbow in its mouth and wrapping","title":"Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"3775493","text":"ran for a single season in 2005 and 2006. In 2003, Corwin appeared in an episode of the crime drama \"\". In the episode he played himself, portrayed as a former classmate of Eric Delko, played by Adam Rodriguez. Titled \"Death Grip\", Corwin helped detectives retrieve a human foot from inside a live crocodile. In 2003 Corwin hosted a television documentary for Animal Planet titled \"Giant Monsters\". In the spring of 2007, Corwin began a new TV show on the Travel Channel titled \"Into Alaska with Jeff Corwin\". Also in 2007, Corwin was sponsored by CNN to be an environment","title":"Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"4916158","text":"with wildlife approach\" which is in sharp conflict with poachers and past practices in many parts of the world. The Jeff Corwin Experience The Jeff Corwin Experience is an American wildlife documentary television program that premiered on the Animal Planet cable channel in 2000. It was hosted by actor and conservationist Jeff Corwin, who previously appeared on Disney Channel's \"Going Wild With Jeff Corwin\". In its initial season, the program included a cobra festival in India, jungles in Thailand, Borneo and the Galápagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador in South America. The following year, the program featured Guyana, Australia","title":"The Jeff Corwin Experience"},{"psg_id":"4916156","text":"The Jeff Corwin Experience The Jeff Corwin Experience is an American wildlife documentary television program that premiered on the Animal Planet cable channel in 2000. It was hosted by actor and conservationist Jeff Corwin, who previously appeared on Disney Channel's \"Going Wild With Jeff Corwin\". In its initial season, the program included a cobra festival in India, jungles in Thailand, Borneo and the Galápagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador in South America. The following year, the program featured Guyana, Australia and Tanzania. In its third season in 2005, Mexico and Peru were included, as well as Kenya and Uganda","title":"The Jeff Corwin Experience"},{"psg_id":"12926205","text":"In Alaska, Jeff was nearly trampled by a moose, and in Thailand, he had to keep dodging king cobra strikes. The show has been canceled since 1999, however, all the episodes from the series are available for purchase on VHS online. Going Wild with Jeff Corwin Going Wild with Jeff Corwin is a nature documentary television series produced and aired in the late 1990s on the Disney Channel. Hosted by Jeff Corwin, the show lasted for two seasons from 1997 to 1999 before it was canceled. Corwin travels to natural places around the world, including Florida, South Africa, Papua New","title":"Going Wild with Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"12926201","text":"Going Wild with Jeff Corwin Going Wild with Jeff Corwin is a nature documentary television series produced and aired in the late 1990s on the Disney Channel. Hosted by Jeff Corwin, the show lasted for two seasons from 1997 to 1999 before it was canceled. Corwin travels to natural places around the world, including Florida, South Africa, Papua New Guinea, Death Valley, and Hawaii, searching for wild animals. In each episode, Jeff searches for a \"Feature Creature\", and always finds it at the end of the episode. Creatures previously featured include manatees, cobras, crocodiles, bighorn sheep, dolphins, and bears. As","title":"Going Wild with Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"3775496","text":"its trunk around his arm, and swinging him around. He yelled as the elephant shook its head, releasing and throwing Corwin into the shallow water in which they were standing. Corwin noted that the pain was so overwhelming that he nearly blacked out, and that his arm still does not work correctly. Corwin later posted the following summary of injuries that resulted: Corwin lives in Marshfield, Massachusetts, with his wife Natasha and their two daughters: Maya Rose (b. July 6, 2003) and Marina (b. September 11, 2008). He is of Hungarian and Romanian ancestry on his father's side. In November","title":"Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"3775491","text":"doing work on bats and snakes. In 1999, Bridgewater awarded Corwin an honorary doctorate in public education. In 2018, Unity College conferred upon him a Doctorate of Sustainability Science. Corwin was also certified as an Advanced Field Medical Specialist by the U.S. Army Academy of Health Sciences, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. Corwin first experienced the tropical rain forests in 1984 in Belize. As an undergraduate, he became active in conservation of rain forests in Central and South America. He also participated in the youth action committee for the United Nations Environmental Program. In 1993, Corwin addressed the General Assembly of","title":"Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"16270019","text":"program won Outstanding Travel Program and the program's director, Patrick Greene, won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing In A Lifestyle/Culinary Program. Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin is a television program which follows host Jeff Corwin's travels and works in conjunction with the Georgia Aquarium. It has been airing since 2011 to 2016 on Saturday mornings on ABC affiliates as part of the nature-oriented programming block called Litton's Weekend Adventure along with complementary stablemates \"Jack Hanna's Wild Countdown\", \"Born to Explore with Richard Wiese\", and \"Sea Rescue\". The show's message of conservation, ocean research, and","title":"Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"16270017","text":"Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin is a television program which follows host Jeff Corwin's travels and works in conjunction with the Georgia Aquarium. It has been airing since 2011 to 2016 on Saturday mornings on ABC affiliates as part of the nature-oriented programming block called Litton's Weekend Adventure along with complementary stablemates \"Jack Hanna's Wild Countdown\", \"Born to Explore with Richard Wiese\", and \"Sea Rescue\". The show's message of conservation, ocean research, and preserving ocean and/or ocean adjacent habitats are central to each episode, with each episode generally featuring one or two ocean-dwelling or near","title":"Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"3775494","text":"correspondent for an \"Anderson Cooper 360\" special called \"Planet in Peril\", along with co-host Sanjay Gupta. In 2009, Corwin partnered with Defenders of Wildlife to host the documentary series \"Feeling the Heat\". In 2009 Corwin also hosted a television special for MSNBC with the same title of his book \"Future Earth: 100 Heartbeats\". Corwin has been on expeditions to six of the seven continents—all except Antarctica. In 2011, during the tsunami in Japan, Corwin was used as a geologist on MSNBC to help explain the tsunami. The same year, he voiced an alligator expert in an episode of The Hub's","title":"Jeff Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2857610","text":"or interfere with the domestic institution of the states. A competing theory, however, suggests that a later amendment conflicting with an already-ratified Corwin Amendment could either explicitly repeal the Corwin Amendment (as the Twenty-first Amendment explicitly repealed the Eighteenth Amendment) or be inferred to have partially or completely repealed any conflicting provisions of an already-adopted Corwin Amendment. Corwin Amendment The Corwin Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would shield \"domestic institutions\" of the states from the constitutional amendment process and from abolition or interference by Congress. Although the Corwin Amendment does not explicitly mention slavery,","title":"Corwin Amendment"},{"psg_id":"16537163","text":"of the case are documented in the 1997 publication. Corwin had previously concluded that Jane had been sexually abused by her mother, and her father was granted custody rights while the mother eventually lost even the right to visitation. Ten years after the court-appointed and video recorded evaluation, Jane was contacted again by Corwin to reaffirm her assent for his use of the earlier video recorded interview for professional education and she requested to view her forensic evaluation interviews to help her remember what she had told Corwin, since she could not remember the experiences she earlier described. A year","title":"David Corwin"},{"psg_id":"6867718","text":"in 1899) it may have subsequently migrated to the next northernmost point of land, Cing'ig. The 1911 USCGS chart does not accurately represent the shape of the coast here; the point and the cape are not separately identifiable. The USGS lists Atahgo Point, Valilief Cape, and Chingeleth Point as alternative names for Cape Corwin; Atahgo point also has its own listing with distinct coordinates. Cape Corwin may have been named for USRC \"Corwin\" which patrolled the Bering Sea in the 1880s and 1890s and made systematic depth soundings around Nunivak Island in 1899 Capes Manning, Mohican, and Algonquin on Nunivak","title":"Cape Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2857600","text":"Corwin Amendment The Corwin Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would shield \"domestic institutions\" of the states from the constitutional amendment process and from abolition or interference by Congress. Although the Corwin Amendment does not explicitly mention slavery, it was designed specifically to protect slavery from federal power. Congress proposed the Corwin Amendment on March 2, 1861, shortly before the outbreak of the American Civil War, but it was not ratified by the requisite number of states. In the period after the 1860 presidential election, several Southern states announced their secession and eventually formed the","title":"Corwin Amendment"},{"psg_id":"16537148","text":"the education and research of the impact of child abuse. Corwin received a B.S degree at the University of Michigan, followed by receiving an M.D. at the Michigan State College of Human Medicine. Corwin completed an internship in psychiatry and internal medicine and then a psychiatry residency at UCLA-VA Medical Center. Corwin completed a fellowship in child psychiatry at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, and then certificates in executive leadership, advanced training in continuous quality improvement and conflict resolution at the University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare. Corwin inspired and chaired the National Summit Conference meeting in Los Angeles in 1985","title":"David Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2857607","text":"of the Corwin Amendment: Just weeks prior to the outbreak of the Civil War, Lincoln sent a letter to each state's governor transmitting the proposed amendment, noting that Buchanan had approved it. The Corwin Amendment was ratified by: The Restored Government of Virginia, consisting mostly of representatives of what would become West Virginia, voted to approve the amendment on February 13, 1862. However, West Virginia did not ratify the amendment after it became a state in 1863. In 1963, more than a century after the Corwin Amendment was submitted to the state legislatures by the Congress, a joint resolution to","title":"Corwin Amendment"},{"psg_id":"14773713","text":"Corwin (TV series) Corwin was a Canadian drama television series which aired on CBC Television from 1969 to 1971. Psychiatrist Greg Corwin (John Horton) established a general practice for the inner city. Other regular characters included Corwin's older assistant Doc James (Alan King), Mrs. Mackie or \"Mac\" (Ruth Springford) and Sergeant Bromley (Robert Warner). The debut episode, \"Does Anybody Here Know Denny?\", guest starred Margot Kidder. Kidder was nominated for the Canadian Film Award for Best Actress for her performance, and Springford won the Canadian Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for the same episode. Hour-long episodes were broadcast Sundays","title":"Corwin (TV series)"},{"psg_id":"13810778","text":"week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010,","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810760","text":"What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \"Sawyer\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"15475445","text":"integration of Endemol and Shine in the Americas. Corwin left Endemol Shine at the end of 2016 and in January 2017 became the CEO of Imagine Entertainment, reporting to founders Brian Grazer and Ron Howard. He joined shortly after a $100m investment from Raine Group. Charlie Corwin Charlie Corwin is an American media executive and a producer of numerous movies and television series. He is the former CEO of Imagine Entertainment and former Co-Chairman and CEO of Endemol Shine Americas. His productions have been nominated for Academy awards, Golden Globes, Emmys and Spirit awards. Life and Career Corwin was born","title":"Charlie Corwin"},{"psg_id":"15475440","text":"Charlie Corwin Charlie Corwin is an American media executive and a producer of numerous movies and television series. He is the former CEO of Imagine Entertainment and former Co-Chairman and CEO of Endemol Shine Americas. His productions have been nominated for Academy awards, Golden Globes, Emmys and Spirit awards. Life and Career Corwin was born and raised in New York City. He is a graduate of Horace Mann School, The University of Wisconsin, and New York University School of Law. Corwin began his career as an entrepreneur in 1999 at the Internet start-up Live Music Channel, a pioneer in video","title":"Charlie Corwin"},{"psg_id":"9861495","text":"Taylor–Corwin House The Taylor–Corwin House, also the Falconer Inn, is a Registered Historic Place in Pine Bush, New York. It is located at 112 Maple Street (NY 302), a few houses south of its intersection with NY 52. It was one of the earliest houses built in what is today Pine Bush, around 1840. Architecturally, it was built in the then-popular Greek Revival style, with some touches of Colonial Revival. In 1871, James Taylor, the local merchant who originally built the house, sold it to farmer John Corwin. Eleven years later, he in turn sold it to Amanda Falconer, who","title":"Taylor–Corwin House"},{"psg_id":"12603144","text":"was unanimously chosen by Republican Party leaders to be the Party's nominee in the special election to fill the seat. (State law does not provide for primary elections prior to special elections.) Corwin also received the endorsements of the New York Conservative Party and the Independence Party of New York. She vied for the congressional seat against local businessman Jack Davis, an independent candidate running on the Tea Party ballot line; Erie County Clerk Kathy Hochul, a Democrat; and writer Ian Murphy the Green Party candidate. The election was held on May 24. Corwin said that if elected, she would","title":"Jane Corwin"},{"psg_id":"10945153","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"13810767","text":"reviews\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\". \"What Kate Does\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" described the episode as \"contemplative\", \"anticlimactic\" and \"subdued\" and the flash sideways as \"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \" 'What Kate","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"16537152","text":"the AMA's National Advisory Council on Violence and Abuse of which he was its last Steering Committee Chair and oversaw its transformation, into the National Health Collaborative on Violence and Abuse (NHCVA) for which he served as the first chair. Corwin also helped found and serves as president for the Academy on Violence and Abuse (AVA) from 2013 to 2015, which is an interprofessional international membership society that promotes research and education about the health effects of violence and abuse. Corwin is also a founder of the Helfer Society, which is named after one of his first faculty preceptors at","title":"David Corwin"},{"psg_id":"19366750","text":"is open to the public 24 hours a day. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center is a regional hospital located in Pueblo, Colorado and is a part of the Centura Health Network. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center is a full service, 408-bed facility specializing in orthopedics, cancer care, emergency services, cardiovascular care, robot-assisted surgery, breast care and women's services. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center's history of caring for the people of southern Colorado began more than 130 years ago. In 1882, the Sisters of Charity opened St. Mary's Hospital in what had been a two-story boarding house. The hospital eventually","title":"St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center"},{"psg_id":"19366743","text":"St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center is a regional hospital located in Pueblo, Colorado and is a part of the Centura Health Network. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center is a full service, 408-bed facility specializing in orthopedics, cancer care, emergency services, cardiovascular care, robot-assisted surgery, breast care and women's services. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center's history of caring for the people of southern Colorado began more than 130 years ago. In 1882, the Sisters of Charity opened St. Mary's Hospital in what had been a two-story boarding house. The hospital eventually outgrew this building and a new, four-story, 90-bed structure","title":"St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center"},{"psg_id":"15392134","text":"that the Creator and those we are honoring got to me somehow and influenced the concept I came up with. In reality my inspiration came from many forces. I just put what I see together. Even though this memorial is specific to our tribal veterans I can’t help but believe that it honors all Indian veterans.\" Corwin Clairmont Corwin \"Corky\" Clairmont is a printmaker and conceptual and installation artist from the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation. Known for his high concept and politically charged works, Clairmont seeks to explore situations that affect Indian Country historically and","title":"Corwin Clairmont"},{"psg_id":"2873160","text":"become Secretary of the Treasury under President Millard Fillmore. Corwin returned to the United States House of Representatives in 1859. He led the House of Representatives's effort to end the secessionist crisis that arose following the 1860 elections. Corwin sponsored a constitutional amendment which would have forbidden the federal government from outlawing slavery, even through further constitutional amendments. Though several states ratified the amendment, it did not prevent the outbreak of the civil war. Corwin resigned from Congress in March 1861 to become the United States Ambassador to Mexico. He held that position until 1864, and died the following year.","title":"Thomas Corwin"},{"psg_id":"12603146","text":"Medicare for future generations by putting it on solid financial ground. On May 17, Corwin's campaign announced that Corwin would consider alternatives to the Ryan voucher plan, if they would help keep Medicare solvent. Corwin called her Democratic opponent's proposals to raise taxes on the wealthy an attack on those \"who help our jobs grow and who will keep Medicare from going into bankruptcy\", and has said that the Democrats, including Hochul, have offered no alternative to the Republicans' voucher plan. When answering Project Vote Smart's \"Political Courage\" survey in 2008, Corwin replied that she believes abortion should be legal","title":"Jane Corwin"},{"psg_id":"12603139","text":"office every day ... We had more board discussions over the kitchen table than the board room.\" The business was sold to Hearst Corporation in 2004 for $400 million, making Corwin and her siblings wealthy, according to the \"Buffalo News\". Campaign disclosure forms have indicated Corwin's personal assets is between $58 and $158 million, mainly derived from her family's business. Since 2004, Corwin has been President of the Philip M. and Jane Lewis Corwin Foundation to provide direct funding to educational, medical and religious charities that benefit children. A review of the foundation's financials by the \"Buffalo News\" indicated that","title":"Jane Corwin"},{"psg_id":"10945154","text":"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"2873161","text":"Corwin, son of Matthias Corwin (1761-1829) and Patience Halleck, was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky on July 29, 1794. Corwin was of Armenian-Hungarian descent. Corwin's father served eleven times in the Ohio Legislature. Corwin's cousin Moses Bledso Corwin was a United States Congressman from Ohio, and his nephew Franklin Corwin was a United States Congressman from Illinois. Corwin moved with his parents to Lebanon, Ohio, in 1798. During the War of 1812, he served as a wagon boy in General William Henry Harrison's Army. In 1815, he began study of law in the offices of Joshua Collett, He was admitted","title":"Thomas Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2873158","text":"Thomas Corwin Thomas Corwin (July 29, 1794 – December 18, 1865), also known as Tom Corwin, The Wagon Boy, and Black Tom was a politician from the state of Ohio. He represented Ohio in both houses of Congress and served as the 15th Governor of Ohio and the 20th Secretary of the Treasury. After affiliating with the Whig Party, he joined the Republican Party in the 1850s. Corwin is best known for his sponsorship of the proposed Corwin Amendment, which was presented in an unsuccessful attempt to avoid the oncoming American Civil War. Corwin was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky,","title":"Thomas Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2048238","text":"100 programs during the golden age of radio. Notable programs include: In recent years National Public Radio commissioned a number of new plays by Corwin; the series was called \"More By Corwin\". A selected listing of books by Corwin, excluding collections of his radio dramas: Addendum: \"The Plot to Overthrow Christmas\" (Opera; music by Walter Scharf; libretto by Norman Corwin) was written in 1960; sole performance in 2000 at Brigham Young University. The opera exists in manuscript form only. Composer and Librettest unable to agree on terms for further use. Walter Scharf died in 2003. Norman Corwin Norman Lewis Corwin","title":"Norman Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2048235","text":"into the Radio Hall of Fame after a long career. And in 2001, NPR aired six new plays by Corwin under the title \"More By Corwin.\" He also lectured at USC as a visiting professor and was also on the Advisory Board of the National Audio Theatre Festival. Corwin celebrated his 100th birthday in May 2010. Corwin died at the age of 101 on October 18, 2011. Corwin was married in 1947 to actress Katherine Locke. They had two children – an adopted son, Anthony Leon, and a daughter, Diane Arlene. Katherine Locke died in 1995. Corwin was Jewish, and","title":"Norman Corwin"},{"psg_id":"1189650","text":"Corwin, Ohio Corwin is a village in Wayne Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States. The population was 421 at the 2010 census. Corwin began as a depot on the Little Miami Railroad. A post office called Corwin was established in 1898, and remained in operation until 1918. The village is named for Thomas Corwin, 15th Governor of Ohio. Corwin is located at (39.524228, -84.073451). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 421 people, 177 households, and 131 families residing in the village.","title":"Corwin, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"16231104","text":"He was buried at the cemetery in Urbana. Corwin married Mary Vance, and they had one son. John A. Corwin John A. Corwin was a Democratic politician and jurist from Ohio, United States. He was elected to the Ohio Supreme Court and ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives. Corwin was born in Urbana, Champaign County, Ohio on October 26, 1818. His parents were Moses B. and Margaret Corwin. Moses Corwin was the first lawyer in Champaign County, and was the cousin of Thomas Corwin, Governor, Senator and Secretary of the Treasury. After he finished school, Corwin ran","title":"John A. Corwin"},{"psg_id":"13810770","text":"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\" Whitney Matheson of \"USA Today\" said that she \"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\" after watching \"What Kate Does\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \"one of Josh","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"19980608","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"7636917","text":"practice of law in Peru. He died there in June 1879, aged 61. Corwin was the nephew of U.S. Representatives Moses Bledso Corwin and Thomas Corwin. Franklin Corwin Franklin Corwin (January 12, 1818 – June 15, 1879) was a United States Representative from Illinois. Born in Lebanon, Ohio, he attended private schools, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839, practicing in Wilmington, Ohio. He served in both houses of the Ohio General Assembly. He moved to Peru, Illinois in 1857, and later became a member of the Illinois House of Representatives, serving as speaker. He was elected","title":"Franklin Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2873170","text":"allegiances. After resigning from his post as Minister, Corwin settled in Washington, D.C. in 1864, and practiced law until his death on December 18, 1865 at age 71. He is interred in Lebanon Cemetery, Lebanon, Ohio. Corwin is remembered chiefly as an orator. His speeches both on the stump and in debate were examples of remarkable eloquence. He acquired the nickname Black Tom not because he was African-American in ancestry, but because of his dark, swarthy complexion. In 1876 the United States Revenue Cutter Service commissioned a cutter named USRC \"Thomas Corwin\". Thomas Corwin Thomas Corwin (July 29, 1794 –","title":"Thomas Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2048234","text":"newsgroup, Stracyzynski wrote a series of posts on Norman Corwin's work. Corwin wrote and directed two plays produced on Broadway, \"The Rivalry\" (1959) and \"The World of Carl Sandburg\" (1960). According to Ray Bradbury, Corwin was responsible for the eventual publication of Bradbury's \"The Martian Chronicles\". Composer David Raksin's \"reverent orchestral theme\" for the 1950 MGM film \"The Next Voice You Hear...\" was later published with original lyrics by Corwin as a hymn, \"Hasten the Day\". During the 1990s, Corwin returned to radio drama, producing a series of radio plays for National Public Radio. In 1993, Corwin was finally inducted","title":"Norman Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2048233","text":"Scourie\" (1953), \"Lust for Life\" (1956), and \"The Story of Ruth\" (1961). In the early 1970s Corwin produced and hosted the television show \"Norman Corwin Presents\". In 1979 he hosted \"Academy Leaders\", a weekly showcase for short films which had won or been nominated for an Adademy Award. Corwin wrote several books, which include \"Trivializing America\"; plus many essays, letters, articles and plays. In the 1980s Corwin was one of the writing teachers of J. Michael Straczynski, creator of the television series \"Babylon 5\". Stracyzynski named a recurring character in the series, David Corwin, after Norman. On the rec.arts.babylon5.moderated Usenet","title":"Norman Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2048221","text":"of Samuel and Rose Corwin and was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Corwin was a major figure during the Golden Age of Radio. During the 1930s and 1940s he was a writer and producer of many radio programs in many genres: history, biography, fantasy, fiction, poetry and drama. He was the writer and creator of series such as \"The Columbia Workshop\", \"13 By Corwin\", \"26 By Corwin\" and others. He was a lecturer at the University of Southern California. Corwin won a One World Award, two Peabody Medals, an Emmy, a Golden Globe, a duPont-Columbia Award; he was nominated for an","title":"Norman Corwin"},{"psg_id":"16537147","text":"David Corwin David L. Corwin is a board-certified psychiatrist, child and adolescent psychiatrist, and forensic psychiatrist. Corwin has done extensive work into the long-term impact of child violence and abuse on health, and has promoted family support and treatment programs. Corwin has worked as a consultant, a lecturer, a trainer, and an evaluator of suspected or known child sexual abuse cases throughout many countries, as well as serving as an expert witness of child sexual abuse cases. Corwin has founded, directed or chaired groups that serve to advance prevention and protection against child violence and abuse, as well as furthering","title":"David Corwin"},{"psg_id":"12582100","text":"156 bases on balls, with 142 strikeouts and five saves. Corwin made one appearance in the 1951 World Series. In Game 5, in a mop-up relief role, he hurled 1 scoreless innings in a 13–1 victory by the eventual champion New York Yankees. Corwin retired in 1960 after 13 professional seasons. Al Corwin Elmer Nathan \"Al\" Corwin (December 3, 1926 – October 23, 2003) was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher who appeared in Major League Baseball between 1951 and 1955 for the New York Giants. The Newburgh, New York, native stood tall and weighed . Corwin signed","title":"Al Corwin"},{"psg_id":"16231100","text":"John A. Corwin John A. Corwin was a Democratic politician and jurist from Ohio, United States. He was elected to the Ohio Supreme Court and ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives. Corwin was born in Urbana, Champaign County, Ohio on October 26, 1818. His parents were Moses B. and Margaret Corwin. Moses Corwin was the first lawyer in Champaign County, and was the cousin of Thomas Corwin, Governor, Senator and Secretary of the Treasury. After he finished school, Corwin ran a newspaper called the \"Rattler\" in about 1837, and studied law under his father. He was admitted","title":"John A. Corwin"},{"psg_id":"13459239","text":"to Mexican owners. She burned in drydock at Salina Cruz that same year. Several places in Alaska and Yukon are named for the \"Corwin\", including Corwin Bluff (the bluff near Cape Lisburne containing the Corwin Coal Mine), Corwin Rock in the Aleutian Islands, and possibly Cape Corwin on Nunivak Island. Kivalina lagoon was called Corwin Lagoon by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1884 to about 1950. The Corwin Cliffs in the Saint Elias Mountains, Yukon were named for the \"Corwin\" by I.C Russell in 1890. A contemporaneous model of the Corwin built by Captain Thomas Mountain is","title":"USRC Thomas Corwin (1876)"},{"psg_id":"7636957","text":"4, 1853 – March 3, 1855). Corwin's cousin, Thomas Corwin, was a U.S. Representative, Senator and Treasury Secretary; his cousin, Franklin Corwin, served one term as a Representative; his son, John A. Corwin, was his Democratic opponent in the 1848 Congressional election. He engaged in the practice of law until his death at age 82. He was interred in Oak Dale Cemetery. Moses Bledso Corwin Moses Bledso Corwin (January 5, 1790 – April 7, 1872) was a United States Representative from Ohio. Born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, Corwin spent the early part of his life on a farm, and attended","title":"Moses Bledso Corwin"},{"psg_id":"9926463","text":"was first used on the song \"Rock 'N' Roll\" which later became \"You'll Be Under My Wheels\". The second time they used it is from a song called \"Lyrical Terrorist\" which later became \"Serial Thrilla\", but it was soon used on the album \"The Day Is My Enemy\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"9926460","text":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \"nigga\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \"Scoopy Rap\" and \"Family Rap\" in 1979, and \"New York","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"8050855","text":"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8050853","text":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8014933","text":"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \"What Difference Does It Make?\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \"The Tube\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \"die very quickly\", and that he wanted to \"herald the death\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"8014931","text":"What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \"The Smiths\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \"Hatful of Hollow\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is among his least favourite songs","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"6974209","text":"Amber Corwin Amber Corwin Farrow (born December 21, 1978) is an American former competitive figure skater. She is the 1999 Four Continents silver medalist and 2004 bronze medalist. Corwin was born on December 21, 1978, in Harbor City, California. In December 2004, she completed her degree in fashion merchandising and marketing from Cal State Long Beach. She is married to Franklin Farrow, with whom she has a daughter, Vienna. Corwin started skating at the age of five. Making her Champions Series (Grand Prix) debut, she placed 10th at the 1996 NHK Trophy. At the 1997 U.S. Championships, she became the","title":"Amber Corwin"},{"psg_id":"20312938","text":"Clay Research Fellow from 2012-2016, and held the first Poincare Chair in 2014 at the Institute Henri Poincare. Corwin has taught at Columbia University since 2013. In 2014, Corwin was award a David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship for Science and Engineering as well as the Rollo Davidson Prize. Also in that year, he was invited to present his work at the International Congress of Mathematicians. In 2012 he received that Young Scientist Prize of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. Ivan Corwin Ivan Zachary Corwin (born May 24, 1984) is a professor of mathematics at Columbia University.","title":"Ivan Corwin"},{"psg_id":"13936172","text":"1696, at the age of 30, after which his burial was delayed by a Salem resident named Phillip English, who was accused during the Witch trials, and had his property seized by Corwin. English put a lien on Corwin's corpse, and delayed its burial until he had been reimbursed for the property he lost to Corwin. He was eventually reimbursed, allowing the burial to proceed. George Corwin was the grandson of John Winthrop the Younger, the Governor of Connecticut. His wife, Lydia Gedney, was the daughter of Bartholomew Gedney, one of the magistrates involved in the witch trials. Sheriff Corwin","title":"George Corwin"},{"psg_id":"13936171","text":"George Corwin George Corwin (February 26, 1666 – April 12, 1696) was the High Sheriff of Essex County, Massachusetts during the Salem witch trials, which he signed warrants for the arrest and execution of those condemned of witchcraft. Corwin was also responsible for choosing the execution site in Salem for the 19 innocent people hanged. On September 16, 1692, he was ordered by the Court of Oyer and Terminer to preside over the interrogation under torture of Giles Corey, who was pressed to death for refusing to stand trial for witchcraft. Corwin died of a heart attack on April 12,","title":"George Corwin"},{"psg_id":"10192107","text":"Jonathan Corwin Jonathan Corwin (also Curwin or Corwen, November 14, 1640 – June 9, 1718) was a New England merchant, politician, and magistrate. He is best known as one of the judges involved in the Salem witch trials of 1692, although his later work also included service as an associate justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature, the highest court of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Jonathan Corwin was born on November 14, 1640 in Salem, a leading port town of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, one of five children born to George and Elizabeth (Herbert) Corwin. His father had","title":"Jonathan Corwin"},{"psg_id":"13810761","text":"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \"What Kate Did\". \"What Kate Does\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"2857605","text":"Since proposed constitutional amendments require a two-thirds majority, 132 votes were required in the House and 24 in the Senate. The Senators and Representatives from the seven slave states that had already declared their secession from the Union did not vote on the Corwin Amendment. The resolution called for the amendment to be submitted to the state legislatures and to be adopted \"when ratified by three-fourths of said Legislatures.\" Its supporters believed that the Corwin Amendment had a greater chance of success in the legislatures of the Southern states than would have been the case in state ratifying conventions, since","title":"Corwin Amendment"},{"psg_id":"15475442","text":"(AMC) with Kevin Smith and \"The Rachel Zoe Project” (Bravo). In 2009, he co-created the scripted drama “The Philanthropist” for NBC with Tom Fontana and Jim Juvonen. Corwin has produced numerous feature films that have been nominated for a total of 14 Spirit Awards, 3 Golden Globes, and 2 Academy Awards. Among them, “The Squid and the Whale,” “Half Nelson,” “A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints,” “August,” “Twelve” and “Sunlight Jr.” Endemol acquired a majority stake in Original Media in November 2007, after which Corwin remained CEO and continued to grow the business. In 2013 Endemol purchased the remaining ownership","title":"Charlie Corwin"},{"psg_id":"7636956","text":"Moses Bledso Corwin Moses Bledso Corwin (January 5, 1790 – April 7, 1872) was a United States Representative from Ohio. Born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, Corwin spent the early part of his life on a farm, and attended rural schools. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He began practicing law in Urbana, Ohio. Corwin was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives in 1838 and 1839, and was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first United States Congress (March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851), and was again elected to the Thirty-third Congress (March","title":"Moses Bledso Corwin"},{"psg_id":"6800465","text":"April 23, 1963 and was buried in Princeton Cemetery. He was reinterred to Riverside Cemetery near his birthplace in Plymouth, Michigan, where he is buried with his wife, parents, and other family members. A full biography of Corwin, with a comprehensive bibliography of his numerous publications, was written by Kenneth Crews and published in 1985. He has been often quoted for saying that the Constitution \"is an invitation to struggle for the privilege of directing American foreign policy.\" Edward Samuel Corwin Edward Samuel Corwin (January 19, 1878 – April 23, 1963) was president of the American Political Science Association. Corwin","title":"Edward Samuel Corwin"},{"psg_id":"3952004","text":"While Corwin acts with a strong personal code of honor, he is also extremely practical; he will not engage in a fight of principle unless he believes he has a chance to win, and he is perfectly willing to employ subterfuge to defeat an opponent. Centuries before the opening of \"Nine Princes in Amber\", while their father Oberon was still ruling in Amber, Corwin fought a duel (or, as Corwin referred to it later, \"a simultaneous decision to murder each other\") with Eric and nearly died. Eric, fearing their father's wrath, dumped Corwin in Elizabethan England during one of the","title":"Corwin of Amber"},{"psg_id":"3952001","text":"Corwin of Amber Corwin, a Prince of Amber, is the main character in the first five books of Roger Zelazny's \"Chronicles of Amber\". He is the second son of Oberon and Faiella, and the father of Merlin. Within the novels, much of the plot action centers on Corwin and his family as they plot against one another conspiring to become the King of Amber. In the first book of the series, \"Nine Princes in Amber\", Corwin is identified as the eldest heir to the throne who has a legitimate claim. His older brother Eric, while born to the same mother,","title":"Corwin of Amber"},{"psg_id":"20773545","text":"Daniel Lee Corwin Daniel Lee Corwin (born September 13, 1958 in Orange County, California - December 7, 1998 in Huntsville, Texas) was an American serial killer who was sentenced to death and executed for murdering three women. In 1975, Corwin abducted a classmate from high school. He drove her to a remote location in her own car and raped her. He then dragged her out of the car, knocked her down, stabbed her heart with a knife and left her for dead. However, she survived, and managed to reach the road where she was eventually seen and saved. Corwin was","title":"Daniel Lee Corwin"},{"psg_id":"14773714","text":"at 9:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 5 October to 2 November 1969 in the first season, and 22 November 1970 to 3 January 1971 for the second and final season. The second season's run of \"Corwin\" was complicated by its inclusion in the \"Sunday at Nine\" timeslot which became a mixture of drama, variety—such as \"The Hart and Lorne Terrific Hour\"—and documentaries. Although \"Corwin\" received a significant budget, the series consistency was hampered by the departures of director René Bonnière and writer Sandor Stern. Corwin (TV series) Corwin was a Canadian drama television series which aired on CBC Television from 1969","title":"Corwin (TV series)"},{"psg_id":"19980606","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"13459240","text":"in the collection of the Oregon State Historical Society and was displayed at the Alaska State Museum in 2006. USRC Thomas Corwin (1876) The Thomas Corwin was a United States Revenue Cutter and subsequently a merchant vessel. These two very different roles both centered on Alaska and the Bering Sea. In 1912, Frank Willard Kimball wrote: \"The Corwin has probably had a more varied and interesting career than any other vessel which plies the Alaskan waters.\" The United States Revenue Cutter \"Thomas Corwin\" (aka the \"Corwin\") was the first revenue cutter to regularly cruise the Bering Sea and the Arctic","title":"USRC Thomas Corwin (1876)"},{"psg_id":"13459211","text":"USRC Thomas Corwin (1876) The Thomas Corwin was a United States Revenue Cutter and subsequently a merchant vessel. These two very different roles both centered on Alaska and the Bering Sea. In 1912, Frank Willard Kimball wrote: \"The Corwin has probably had a more varied and interesting career than any other vessel which plies the Alaskan waters.\" The United States Revenue Cutter \"Thomas Corwin\" (aka the \"Corwin\") was the first revenue cutter to regularly cruise the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Built in the state of Oregon, she was finished and commissioned in San Francisco which remained her home","title":"USRC Thomas Corwin (1876)"},{"psg_id":"10028828","text":"Corwin, Tippecanoe County, Indiana Corwin was a small town, now extinct, in Randolph Township, Tippecanoe County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. Corwin was laid out by Cyrus Foltz in 1856 and consisted of seven lots near the rail line which ran south out of Lafayette. The town never flourished, though, and was eclipsed by nearby Romney. Later maps sometimes cite the town as Corwin Station. A post office was established at Corwin in 1854, but was discontinued in that same year. As of 9/19/2016 - The old grain silo has been removed. It appears on the Bing! map which","title":"Corwin, Tippecanoe County, Indiana"},{"psg_id":"6974211","text":"Enterprises. She retired from competitive skating in March 2006 to focus on a career in the fashion industry. She designed many of her skating costumes. \"GP: Champions Series / Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Series / Junior Grand Prix\" Amber Corwin Amber Corwin Farrow (born December 21, 1978) is an American former competitive figure skater. She is the 1999 Four Continents silver medalist and 2004 bronze medalist. Corwin was born on December 21, 1978, in Harbor City, California. In December 2004, she completed her degree in fashion merchandising and marketing from Cal State Long Beach. She is married to Franklin Farrow,","title":"Amber Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2873163","text":"Ohio. In 1830 he was elected as a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1831, until his resignation, effective May 30, 1840, having become a candidate for the office of Governor of Ohio. Known for his sharp wit, debating skills and endless campaigning, he was elected Governor in 1840, defeating incumbent Wilson Shannon. Shannon defeated Corwin in a rematch two years later. Corwin was a Presidential elector in 1844 for the Whig Party ticket of Henry Clay and Theodore Frelinghuysen. Corwin was also a member of the United States Senate, having been elected by","title":"Thomas Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2857606","text":"state conventions were being conducted throughout the South at which votes to secede from the Union were successful—just as Congress was considering the Corwin Amendment. The Corwin Amendment was the second proposed \"Thirteenth Amendment\" submitted to the states by Congress. The first was the similarly ill-fated Titles of Nobility Amendment in 1810. Outgoing President James Buchanan endorsed the Corwin Amendment by taking the unprecedented step of signing it. His signature on the Congressional joint resolution was unnecessary, as the President has no formal role in the constitutional amendment process. Abraham Lincoln, in his first inaugural address on March 4, said","title":"Corwin Amendment"},{"psg_id":"2857601","text":"Confederate States of America. During this period, several legislative measures, including the Corwin Amendment, were proposed in the hope of either reconciling the sections of the United States, or avoiding the secession of the border states. Senator William H. Seward Representative Thomas Corwin introduced the Corwin Amendment, which was endorsed by President James Buchanan. The amendment had been ratified by just four states by January 1862, far short of the number required for ratification, and the amendment fell out of favor during the Civil War. The text refers to slavery with terms such as \"domestic institutions\" and \"persons held to","title":"Corwin Amendment"},{"psg_id":"2048229","text":"broadcast historian Erik Barnouw wrote, Corwin had performers ready in both New York City and Los Angeles. The program went on (from the Los Angeles studios of CBS Radio Station KNX), with Martin Gabel as host/narrator and with William L. Shirer (via cable from New York) re-creating his role as reporter in the Compeigne forest covering the French surrender to Germany. Corwin wrote a similar program for CBS, \"Fourteen August\", which was broadcast on V-J Day. This critically acclaimed broadcast earned him a Distinguished Achievement Award from \"Radio Life\" magazine. Corwin was also the first winner of the One World","title":"Norman Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2048226","text":"Without Music,\" the goal of which, Corwin said, was to make poetry more entertaining. It went on the air over CBS affiliate WABC in New York in early December 1938. Corwin continued to produce and host a wide range of programs for CBS. In December 1941, he created a program to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the United States Bill of Rights: \"We Hold These Truths\" was first broadcast on December 15, 1941. Corwin said it was written at the \"invitation\" of the U.S. Office of Facts and Figures. He recalled being on a train on his way to California","title":"Norman Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2048222","text":"Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay for \"Lust for Life\" (1956). On May 12, 1990, he received an Honorary Doctorate from Lincoln College. In 1996 he received the Doctor of Humane Letters \"honoris causa\" from California Lutheran University. Corwin was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1993. A documentary film on Corwin's life, \"\", won an Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Feature) in 2006. Les Guthman's feature documentary on Mr. Corwin's career, \"Corwin\" aired on PBS in the 1990s. He was inducted into the Pacific Pioneer Broadcasters Diamond Circle in 1994. Norman Lewis Corwin was the","title":"Norman Corwin"},{"psg_id":"2048220","text":"Norman Corwin Norman Lewis Corwin (May 3, 1910 – October 18, 2011) was an American writer, screenwriter, producer, essayist and teacher of journalism and writing. His earliest and biggest successes were in the writing and directing of radio drama during the 1930s and 1940s. Corwin was among the first producers to regularly use entertainment—even light entertainment—to tackle serious social issues. In this area he was a peer of Orson Welles and William N. Robson, and an inspiration to other later radio/TV writers such as Rod Serling, Gene Roddenberry, Norman Lear, J. Michael Straczynski and Yuri Rasovsky. He was the son","title":"Norman Corwin"},{"psg_id":"16537165","text":"as an example of \"repressed memory\", Elizabeth Loftus was sceptical about the truth surrounding the alleged abuse and investigated Jane Doe's case, concluding that Jane had never been abused by the mother. Jane Doe, who then revealed herself as Nicole Taus, sued Loftus and lengthy litigation took place. The Jane Doe case raises questions about the ethics, methods, and rights of professionals to review and investigate published case reports. David Corwin David L. Corwin is a board-certified psychiatrist, child and adolescent psychiatrist, and forensic psychiatrist. Corwin has done extensive work into the long-term impact of child violence and abuse on","title":"David Corwin"},{"psg_id":"16537162","text":"unique look at Jane's memory for the event, which is discussed. In 1997 Corwin published an article in the journal \"Child Maltreatment\" about \"Jane Doe\"; a young girl who in 1984 along with her parents were referred to Corwin for a court-appointed forensic evaluation, as mutually agreed by all parties involved in family court litigation regarding custody and visitation, after she disclosed that she had been sexually abused by her mother after the parents separated. Corwin videotaped his interviews with Jane, then five and six years old, the third and last interview of which a verbatim transcript, history, and discussion","title":"David Corwin"},{"psg_id":"16537154","text":"Network, conceived and promoted by Drs. Randall Alexander, John Stirling and Corwin was endorsed by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AACAP, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions but to this dated never funded by Congress. Corwin currently works as a professor and director of forensic services for the Pediatrics Department at the University of Utah. He has a continuing interest in improving services and awareness about the adverse health impacts of violence and abuse across the lifespan. Corwin also continues to serve as an expert witness, consultant and","title":"David Corwin"},{"psg_id":"15475443","text":"in the company from Corwin, and appointed him Co-Chairman and CEO of Endemol North America. As Co-Chairman and CEO of Endemol Shine North America, together with his partner Cris Abrego, Corwin and Abrego lead the North American division of Endemol Shine Group, the merged global independent content creator, producer and distributor with a diverse portfolio of companies that are behind some of the most prominent hit television formats and series in the world. Corwin and Abrego were in charge of the division's unscripted programming, including hits such as CBS’ “Big Brother” and FOX's “MasterChef” as well as scripted series from","title":"Charlie Corwin"},{"psg_id":"13936173","text":"was portrayed on the Comedy Central show Drunk History by actor Joel McHale. George Corwin George Corwin (February 26, 1666 – April 12, 1696) was the High Sheriff of Essex County, Massachusetts during the Salem witch trials, which he signed warrants for the arrest and execution of those condemned of witchcraft. Corwin was also responsible for choosing the execution site in Salem for the 19 innocent people hanged. On September 16, 1692, he was ordered by the Court of Oyer and Terminer to preside over the interrogation under torture of Giles Corey, who was pressed to death for refusing to","title":"George Corwin"},{"psg_id":"12603155","text":"member of board of Buffalo Niagara Enterprise which gives economic development assistance to companies in Western New York State. Jane Corwin Jane Lewis Corwin (born February 29, 1964) is an American politician and businesswoman who has served as a Republican Party member of the New York State Assembly from 2009 to 2016. She represented the 144th Assembly District which covers parts of Erie and Niagara counties. Corwin was also the Republican Party nominee in the special election held on May 24, 2011 to fill Western New York's 26th district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives previously held by Republican","title":"Jane Corwin"},{"psg_id":"12603152","text":"FactCheck.org representative called Corwin's ad, \"bogus\"; Corwin's campaign responded that Hochul also supports Obama's health care law which includes $500 billion in reductions in payments to Medicare Advantage private insurers. American Crossroads endorsed and provided support to Corwin's campaign, reflecting the national importance of the contest. The \"New York Post\" and the Rochester Business alliance endorsed Corwin, as did the FreedomWorks PAC. The Tea Party Express and TEA New York also endorsed Corwin with their leaders visiting Buffalo and Rochester to make it clear that Corwin was favored by the Tea Party, and to criticize Davis' use of the moniker.","title":"Jane Corwin"},{"psg_id":"12603148","text":"of third party candidate Davis as a factor which is \"siphoning support\" from Corwin. \"The Hill\" said the Medicare issue seemed to be boosting Hochul's campaign, though it was difficult to handicap the race because of the presence of the third party candidate. A late April poll by Sienna College had Corwin in the lead with 36 percent, followed by Hochul with 31 percent and Davis with 23 percent of the vote. An early May poll by the Democratic-leaning Public Policy Institute showed Hochul at 35 percent, Corwin at 31 percent and Davis at 24 percent. The non-partisan \"Rothenberg Political","title":"Jane Corwin"},{"psg_id":"12603135","text":"Jane Corwin Jane Lewis Corwin (born February 29, 1964) is an American politician and businesswoman who has served as a Republican Party member of the New York State Assembly from 2009 to 2016. She represented the 144th Assembly District which covers parts of Erie and Niagara counties. Corwin was also the Republican Party nominee in the special election held on May 24, 2011 to fill Western New York's 26th district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives previously held by Republican Chris Lee. She faced three other candidates in the election; losing to Democrat Kathy Hochul 47 percent to 43","title":"Jane Corwin"},{"psg_id":"12582099","text":"Al Corwin Elmer Nathan \"Al\" Corwin (December 3, 1926 – October 23, 2003) was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher who appeared in Major League Baseball between 1951 and 1955 for the New York Giants. The Newburgh, New York, native stood tall and weighed . Corwin signed with the Giants in 1948 and 1953 was his only full year in the big leagues. As a Giant, he appeared in 117 games pitched, 22 as a starter. He compiled a won–lost record of 18–10 and an earned run average of 3.98 in 289 innings pitched, allowing 289 hits and","title":"Al Corwin"},{"psg_id":"1189655","text":"median income of $28,625 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,414. About 6.8% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.3% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over. All of the village is in the Wayne Local School District. Mail is delivered through the Waynesville post office and telephone service is provided through the Waynesville exchange. Corwin, Ohio Corwin is a village in Wayne Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States. The population was 421 at the 2010 census. Corwin began","title":"Corwin, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"10192114","text":"confused with Corwin's nephew, High Sheriff George Corwin) went to Harvard and became minister at the First Church in Salem. Corwin's house is the only remaining structure in Salem with direct ties to the Salem witch trials of 1692. It is now a museum that focuses on seventeenth-century furnishings, architecture, and lifestyle. Jonathan Corwin Jonathan Corwin (also Curwin or Corwen, November 14, 1640 – June 9, 1718) was a New England merchant, politician, and magistrate. He is best known as one of the judges involved in the Salem witch trials of 1692, although his later work also included service as","title":"Jonathan Corwin"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3775492\",\n \"text\": \"the United Nations regarding the need to conserve neotropical rain forests. Corwin lectures on wildlife, gold mining, ecology and conservation to audiences throughout the United States. In 1994, Corwin served as expedition naturalist for the documentary series titled The JASON Project, led by oceanographer Bob Ballard and sponsored in part by National Geographic. From 1997–1999 Corwin hosted a show for the Disney Channel titled \\\"Going Wild with Jeff Corwin\\\". From 2001-2005 Corwin partnered with Animal Planet and Discovery Communications serving as host and executive producer of two series, \\\"The Jeff Corwin Experience\\\" from 2000 until 2003 and \\\"Corwin's Quest\\\" that\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3775495\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Pound Puppies\\\". In 2012, Corwin starred in a Claritin commercial as himself. From 2011 to 2016, Corwin hosted and was an executive producer on the ABC wildlife adventure series \\\"Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin\\\". In October 2016, ABC began showing his current series, \\\"Ocean Treks with Jeff Corwin\\\" which involves ecology. In filming a segment of CNN's \\\"Planet in Peril\\\" with Anderson Cooper at Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Center near Phnom Penh, Cambodia on March 22 of 2007, Corwin was the victim of a playful elephant. This rough-play consisted of the elephant putting Corwin's elbow in its mouth and wrapping\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3775493\",\n \"text\": \"ran for a single season in 2005 and 2006. In 2003, Corwin appeared in an episode of the crime drama \\\"\\\". In the episode he played himself, portrayed as a former classmate of Eric Delko, played by Adam Rodriguez. Titled \\\"Death Grip\\\", Corwin helped detectives retrieve a human foot from inside a live crocodile. In 2003 Corwin hosted a television documentary for Animal Planet titled \\\"Giant Monsters\\\". In the spring of 2007, Corwin began a new TV show on the Travel Channel titled \\\"Into Alaska with Jeff Corwin\\\". Also in 2007, Corwin was sponsored by CNN to be an environment\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4916158\",\n \"text\": \"with wildlife approach\\\" which is in sharp conflict with poachers and past practices in many parts of the world. The Jeff Corwin Experience The Jeff Corwin Experience is an American wildlife documentary television program that premiered on the Animal Planet cable channel in 2000. It was hosted by actor and conservationist Jeff Corwin, who previously appeared on Disney Channel's \\\"Going Wild With Jeff Corwin\\\". In its initial season, the program included a cobra festival in India, jungles in Thailand, Borneo and the Galápagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador in South America. The following year, the program featured Guyana, Australia\",\n \"title\": \"The Jeff Corwin Experience\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4916156\",\n \"text\": \"The Jeff Corwin Experience The Jeff Corwin Experience is an American wildlife documentary television program that premiered on the Animal Planet cable channel in 2000. It was hosted by actor and conservationist Jeff Corwin, who previously appeared on Disney Channel's \\\"Going Wild With Jeff Corwin\\\". In its initial season, the program included a cobra festival in India, jungles in Thailand, Borneo and the Galápagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador in South America. The following year, the program featured Guyana, Australia and Tanzania. In its third season in 2005, Mexico and Peru were included, as well as Kenya and Uganda\",\n \"title\": \"The Jeff Corwin Experience\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12926205\",\n \"text\": \"In Alaska, Jeff was nearly trampled by a moose, and in Thailand, he had to keep dodging king cobra strikes. The show has been canceled since 1999, however, all the episodes from the series are available for purchase on VHS online. Going Wild with Jeff Corwin Going Wild with Jeff Corwin is a nature documentary television series produced and aired in the late 1990s on the Disney Channel. Hosted by Jeff Corwin, the show lasted for two seasons from 1997 to 1999 before it was canceled. Corwin travels to natural places around the world, including Florida, South Africa, Papua New\",\n \"title\": \"Going Wild with Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12926201\",\n \"text\": \"Going Wild with Jeff Corwin Going Wild with Jeff Corwin is a nature documentary television series produced and aired in the late 1990s on the Disney Channel. Hosted by Jeff Corwin, the show lasted for two seasons from 1997 to 1999 before it was canceled. Corwin travels to natural places around the world, including Florida, South Africa, Papua New Guinea, Death Valley, and Hawaii, searching for wild animals. In each episode, Jeff searches for a \\\"Feature Creature\\\", and always finds it at the end of the episode. Creatures previously featured include manatees, cobras, crocodiles, bighorn sheep, dolphins, and bears. As\",\n \"title\": \"Going Wild with Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3775496\",\n \"text\": \"its trunk around his arm, and swinging him around. He yelled as the elephant shook its head, releasing and throwing Corwin into the shallow water in which they were standing. Corwin noted that the pain was so overwhelming that he nearly blacked out, and that his arm still does not work correctly. Corwin later posted the following summary of injuries that resulted: Corwin lives in Marshfield, Massachusetts, with his wife Natasha and their two daughters: Maya Rose (b. July 6, 2003) and Marina (b. September 11, 2008). He is of Hungarian and Romanian ancestry on his father's side. In November\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3775491\",\n \"text\": \"doing work on bats and snakes. In 1999, Bridgewater awarded Corwin an honorary doctorate in public education. In 2018, Unity College conferred upon him a Doctorate of Sustainability Science. Corwin was also certified as an Advanced Field Medical Specialist by the U.S. Army Academy of Health Sciences, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. Corwin first experienced the tropical rain forests in 1984 in Belize. As an undergraduate, he became active in conservation of rain forests in Central and South America. He also participated in the youth action committee for the United Nations Environmental Program. In 1993, Corwin addressed the General Assembly of\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16270019\",\n \"text\": \"program won Outstanding Travel Program and the program's director, Patrick Greene, won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing In A Lifestyle/Culinary Program. Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin is a television program which follows host Jeff Corwin's travels and works in conjunction with the Georgia Aquarium. It has been airing since 2011 to 2016 on Saturday mornings on ABC affiliates as part of the nature-oriented programming block called Litton's Weekend Adventure along with complementary stablemates \\\"Jack Hanna's Wild Countdown\\\", \\\"Born to Explore with Richard Wiese\\\", and \\\"Sea Rescue\\\". The show's message of conservation, ocean research, and\",\n \"title\": \"Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16270017\",\n \"text\": \"Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin is a television program which follows host Jeff Corwin's travels and works in conjunction with the Georgia Aquarium. It has been airing since 2011 to 2016 on Saturday mornings on ABC affiliates as part of the nature-oriented programming block called Litton's Weekend Adventure along with complementary stablemates \\\"Jack Hanna's Wild Countdown\\\", \\\"Born to Explore with Richard Wiese\\\", and \\\"Sea Rescue\\\". The show's message of conservation, ocean research, and preserving ocean and/or ocean adjacent habitats are central to each episode, with each episode generally featuring one or two ocean-dwelling or near\",\n \"title\": \"Ocean Mysteries with Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3775494\",\n \"text\": \"correspondent for an \\\"Anderson Cooper 360\\\" special called \\\"Planet in Peril\\\", along with co-host Sanjay Gupta. In 2009, Corwin partnered with Defenders of Wildlife to host the documentary series \\\"Feeling the Heat\\\". In 2009 Corwin also hosted a television special for MSNBC with the same title of his book \\\"Future Earth: 100 Heartbeats\\\". Corwin has been on expeditions to six of the seven continents—all except Antarctica. In 2011, during the tsunami in Japan, Corwin was used as a geologist on MSNBC to help explain the tsunami. The same year, he voiced an alligator expert in an episode of The Hub's\",\n \"title\": \"Jeff Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2857610\",\n \"text\": \"or interfere with the domestic institution of the states. A competing theory, however, suggests that a later amendment conflicting with an already-ratified Corwin Amendment could either explicitly repeal the Corwin Amendment (as the Twenty-first Amendment explicitly repealed the Eighteenth Amendment) or be inferred to have partially or completely repealed any conflicting provisions of an already-adopted Corwin Amendment. Corwin Amendment The Corwin Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would shield \\\"domestic institutions\\\" of the states from the constitutional amendment process and from abolition or interference by Congress. Although the Corwin Amendment does not explicitly mention slavery,\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin Amendment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16537163\",\n \"text\": \"of the case are documented in the 1997 publication. Corwin had previously concluded that Jane had been sexually abused by her mother, and her father was granted custody rights while the mother eventually lost even the right to visitation. Ten years after the court-appointed and video recorded evaluation, Jane was contacted again by Corwin to reaffirm her assent for his use of the earlier video recorded interview for professional education and she requested to view her forensic evaluation interviews to help her remember what she had told Corwin, since she could not remember the experiences she earlier described. A year\",\n \"title\": \"David Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6867718\",\n \"text\": \"in 1899) it may have subsequently migrated to the next northernmost point of land, Cing'ig. The 1911 USCGS chart does not accurately represent the shape of the coast here; the point and the cape are not separately identifiable. The USGS lists Atahgo Point, Valilief Cape, and Chingeleth Point as alternative names for Cape Corwin; Atahgo point also has its own listing with distinct coordinates. Cape Corwin may have been named for USRC \\\"Corwin\\\" which patrolled the Bering Sea in the 1880s and 1890s and made systematic depth soundings around Nunivak Island in 1899 Capes Manning, Mohican, and Algonquin on Nunivak\",\n \"title\": \"Cape Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2857600\",\n \"text\": \"Corwin Amendment The Corwin Amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that would shield \\\"domestic institutions\\\" of the states from the constitutional amendment process and from abolition or interference by Congress. Although the Corwin Amendment does not explicitly mention slavery, it was designed specifically to protect slavery from federal power. Congress proposed the Corwin Amendment on March 2, 1861, shortly before the outbreak of the American Civil War, but it was not ratified by the requisite number of states. In the period after the 1860 presidential election, several Southern states announced their secession and eventually formed the\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin Amendment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16537148\",\n \"text\": \"the education and research of the impact of child abuse. Corwin received a B.S degree at the University of Michigan, followed by receiving an M.D. at the Michigan State College of Human Medicine. Corwin completed an internship in psychiatry and internal medicine and then a psychiatry residency at UCLA-VA Medical Center. Corwin completed a fellowship in child psychiatry at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, and then certificates in executive leadership, advanced training in continuous quality improvement and conflict resolution at the University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare. Corwin inspired and chaired the National Summit Conference meeting in Los Angeles in 1985\",\n \"title\": \"David Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2857607\",\n \"text\": \"of the Corwin Amendment: Just weeks prior to the outbreak of the Civil War, Lincoln sent a letter to each state's governor transmitting the proposed amendment, noting that Buchanan had approved it. The Corwin Amendment was ratified by: The Restored Government of Virginia, consisting mostly of representatives of what would become West Virginia, voted to approve the amendment on February 13, 1862. However, West Virginia did not ratify the amendment after it became a state in 1863. In 1963, more than a century after the Corwin Amendment was submitted to the state legislatures by the Congress, a joint resolution to\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin Amendment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14773713\",\n \"text\": \"Corwin (TV series) Corwin was a Canadian drama television series which aired on CBC Television from 1969 to 1971. Psychiatrist Greg Corwin (John Horton) established a general practice for the inner city. Other regular characters included Corwin's older assistant Doc James (Alan King), Mrs. Mackie or \\\"Mac\\\" (Ruth Springford) and Sergeant Bromley (Robert Warner). The debut episode, \\\"Does Anybody Here Know Denny?\\\", guest starred Margot Kidder. Kidder was nominated for the Canadian Film Award for Best Actress for her performance, and Springford won the Canadian Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for the same episode. Hour-long episodes were broadcast Sundays\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810778\",\n \"text\": \"week.\\\" VanDerWerff of the \\\"LA Times\\\", Ryan of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\", Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" and Mark Medley of the \\\"National Post\\\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810760\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15475445\",\n \"text\": \"integration of Endemol and Shine in the Americas. Corwin left Endemol Shine at the end of 2016 and in January 2017 became the CEO of Imagine Entertainment, reporting to founders Brian Grazer and Ron Howard. He joined shortly after a $100m investment from Raine Group. Charlie Corwin Charlie Corwin is an American media executive and a producer of numerous movies and television series. He is the former CEO of Imagine Entertainment and former Co-Chairman and CEO of Endemol Shine Americas. His productions have been nominated for Academy awards, Golden Globes, Emmys and Spirit awards. Life and Career Corwin was born\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15475440\",\n \"text\": \"Charlie Corwin Charlie Corwin is an American media executive and a producer of numerous movies and television series. He is the former CEO of Imagine Entertainment and former Co-Chairman and CEO of Endemol Shine Americas. His productions have been nominated for Academy awards, Golden Globes, Emmys and Spirit awards. Life and Career Corwin was born and raised in New York City. He is a graduate of Horace Mann School, The University of Wisconsin, and New York University School of Law. Corwin began his career as an entrepreneur in 1999 at the Internet start-up Live Music Channel, a pioneer in video\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9861495\",\n \"text\": \"Taylor–Corwin House The Taylor–Corwin House, also the Falconer Inn, is a Registered Historic Place in Pine Bush, New York. It is located at 112 Maple Street (NY 302), a few houses south of its intersection with NY 52. It was one of the earliest houses built in what is today Pine Bush, around 1840. Architecturally, it was built in the then-popular Greek Revival style, with some touches of Colonial Revival. In 1871, James Taylor, the local merchant who originally built the house, sold it to farmer John Corwin. Eleven years later, he in turn sold it to Amanda Falconer, who\",\n \"title\": \"Taylor–Corwin House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12603144\",\n \"text\": \"was unanimously chosen by Republican Party leaders to be the Party's nominee in the special election to fill the seat. (State law does not provide for primary elections prior to special elections.) Corwin also received the endorsements of the New York Conservative Party and the Independence Party of New York. She vied for the congressional seat against local businessman Jack Davis, an independent candidate running on the Tea Party ballot line; Erie County Clerk Kathy Hochul, a Democrat; and writer Ian Murphy the Green Party candidate. The election was held on May 24. Corwin said that if elected, she would\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945153\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810767\",\n \"text\": \"reviews\\\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \\\" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \\\"The New York Times\\\" described the episode as \\\"contemplative\\\", \\\"anticlimactic\\\" and \\\"subdued\\\" and the flash sideways as \\\"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\\\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \\\" 'What Kate\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16537152\",\n \"text\": \"the AMA's National Advisory Council on Violence and Abuse of which he was its last Steering Committee Chair and oversaw its transformation, into the National Health Collaborative on Violence and Abuse (NHCVA) for which he served as the first chair. Corwin also helped found and serves as president for the Academy on Violence and Abuse (AVA) from 2013 to 2015, which is an interprofessional international membership society that promotes research and education about the health effects of violence and abuse. Corwin is also a founder of the Helfer Society, which is named after one of his first faculty preceptors at\",\n \"title\": \"David Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19366750\",\n \"text\": \"is open to the public 24 hours a day. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center is a regional hospital located in Pueblo, Colorado and is a part of the Centura Health Network. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center is a full service, 408-bed facility specializing in orthopedics, cancer care, emergency services, cardiovascular care, robot-assisted surgery, breast care and women's services. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center's history of caring for the people of southern Colorado began more than 130 years ago. In 1882, the Sisters of Charity opened St. Mary's Hospital in what had been a two-story boarding house. The hospital eventually\",\n \"title\": \"St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19366743\",\n \"text\": \"St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center is a regional hospital located in Pueblo, Colorado and is a part of the Centura Health Network. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center is a full service, 408-bed facility specializing in orthopedics, cancer care, emergency services, cardiovascular care, robot-assisted surgery, breast care and women's services. St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center's history of caring for the people of southern Colorado began more than 130 years ago. In 1882, the Sisters of Charity opened St. Mary's Hospital in what had been a two-story boarding house. The hospital eventually outgrew this building and a new, four-story, 90-bed structure\",\n \"title\": \"St. Mary-Corwin Medical Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15392134\",\n \"text\": \"that the Creator and those we are honoring got to me somehow and influenced the concept I came up with. In reality my inspiration came from many forces. I just put what I see together. Even though this memorial is specific to our tribal veterans I can’t help but believe that it honors all Indian veterans.\\\" Corwin Clairmont Corwin \\\"Corky\\\" Clairmont is a printmaker and conceptual and installation artist from the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation. Known for his high concept and politically charged works, Clairmont seeks to explore situations that affect Indian Country historically and\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin Clairmont\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2873160\",\n \"text\": \"become Secretary of the Treasury under President Millard Fillmore. Corwin returned to the United States House of Representatives in 1859. He led the House of Representatives's effort to end the secessionist crisis that arose following the 1860 elections. Corwin sponsored a constitutional amendment which would have forbidden the federal government from outlawing slavery, even through further constitutional amendments. Though several states ratified the amendment, it did not prevent the outbreak of the civil war. Corwin resigned from Congress in March 1861 to become the United States Ambassador to Mexico. He held that position until 1864, and died the following year.\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12603146\",\n \"text\": \"Medicare for future generations by putting it on solid financial ground. On May 17, Corwin's campaign announced that Corwin would consider alternatives to the Ryan voucher plan, if they would help keep Medicare solvent. Corwin called her Democratic opponent's proposals to raise taxes on the wealthy an attack on those \\\"who help our jobs grow and who will keep Medicare from going into bankruptcy\\\", and has said that the Democrats, including Hochul, have offered no alternative to the Republicans' voucher plan. When answering Project Vote Smart's \\\"Political Courage\\\" survey in 2008, Corwin replied that she believes abortion should be legal\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12603139\",\n \"text\": \"office every day ... We had more board discussions over the kitchen table than the board room.\\\" The business was sold to Hearst Corporation in 2004 for $400 million, making Corwin and her siblings wealthy, according to the \\\"Buffalo News\\\". Campaign disclosure forms have indicated Corwin's personal assets is between $58 and $158 million, mainly derived from her family's business. Since 2004, Corwin has been President of the Philip M. and Jane Lewis Corwin Foundation to provide direct funding to educational, medical and religious charities that benefit children. A review of the foundation's financials by the \\\"Buffalo News\\\" indicated that\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945154\",\n \"text\": \"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \\\"How Many Hearts\\\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2873161\",\n \"text\": \"Corwin, son of Matthias Corwin (1761-1829) and Patience Halleck, was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky on July 29, 1794. Corwin was of Armenian-Hungarian descent. Corwin's father served eleven times in the Ohio Legislature. Corwin's cousin Moses Bledso Corwin was a United States Congressman from Ohio, and his nephew Franklin Corwin was a United States Congressman from Illinois. Corwin moved with his parents to Lebanon, Ohio, in 1798. During the War of 1812, he served as a wagon boy in General William Henry Harrison's Army. In 1815, he began study of law in the offices of Joshua Collett, He was admitted\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2873158\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Corwin Thomas Corwin (July 29, 1794 – December 18, 1865), also known as Tom Corwin, The Wagon Boy, and Black Tom was a politician from the state of Ohio. He represented Ohio in both houses of Congress and served as the 15th Governor of Ohio and the 20th Secretary of the Treasury. After affiliating with the Whig Party, he joined the Republican Party in the 1850s. Corwin is best known for his sponsorship of the proposed Corwin Amendment, which was presented in an unsuccessful attempt to avoid the oncoming American Civil War. Corwin was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky,\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2048238\",\n \"text\": \"100 programs during the golden age of radio. Notable programs include: In recent years National Public Radio commissioned a number of new plays by Corwin; the series was called \\\"More By Corwin\\\". A selected listing of books by Corwin, excluding collections of his radio dramas: Addendum: \\\"The Plot to Overthrow Christmas\\\" (Opera; music by Walter Scharf; libretto by Norman Corwin) was written in 1960; sole performance in 2000 at Brigham Young University. The opera exists in manuscript form only. Composer and Librettest unable to agree on terms for further use. Walter Scharf died in 2003. Norman Corwin Norman Lewis Corwin\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2048235\",\n \"text\": \"into the Radio Hall of Fame after a long career. And in 2001, NPR aired six new plays by Corwin under the title \\\"More By Corwin.\\\" He also lectured at USC as a visiting professor and was also on the Advisory Board of the National Audio Theatre Festival. Corwin celebrated his 100th birthday in May 2010. Corwin died at the age of 101 on October 18, 2011. Corwin was married in 1947 to actress Katherine Locke. They had two children – an adopted son, Anthony Leon, and a daughter, Diane Arlene. Katherine Locke died in 1995. Corwin was Jewish, and\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1189650\",\n \"text\": \"Corwin, Ohio Corwin is a village in Wayne Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States. The population was 421 at the 2010 census. Corwin began as a depot on the Little Miami Railroad. A post office called Corwin was established in 1898, and remained in operation until 1918. The village is named for Thomas Corwin, 15th Governor of Ohio. Corwin is located at (39.524228, -84.073451). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 421 people, 177 households, and 131 families residing in the village.\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16231104\",\n \"text\": \"He was buried at the cemetery in Urbana. Corwin married Mary Vance, and they had one son. John A. Corwin John A. Corwin was a Democratic politician and jurist from Ohio, United States. He was elected to the Ohio Supreme Court and ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives. Corwin was born in Urbana, Champaign County, Ohio on October 26, 1818. His parents were Moses B. and Margaret Corwin. Moses Corwin was the first lawyer in Champaign County, and was the cousin of Thomas Corwin, Governor, Senator and Secretary of the Treasury. After he finished school, Corwin ran\",\n \"title\": \"John A. Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810770\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\\\" Whitney Matheson of \\\"USA Today\\\" said that she \\\"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\\\" after watching \\\"What Kate Does\\\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \\\"one of Josh\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980608\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7636917\",\n \"text\": \"practice of law in Peru. He died there in June 1879, aged 61. Corwin was the nephew of U.S. Representatives Moses Bledso Corwin and Thomas Corwin. Franklin Corwin Franklin Corwin (January 12, 1818 – June 15, 1879) was a United States Representative from Illinois. Born in Lebanon, Ohio, he attended private schools, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839, practicing in Wilmington, Ohio. He served in both houses of the Ohio General Assembly. He moved to Peru, Illinois in 1857, and later became a member of the Illinois House of Representatives, serving as speaker. He was elected\",\n \"title\": \"Franklin Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2873170\",\n \"text\": \"allegiances. After resigning from his post as Minister, Corwin settled in Washington, D.C. in 1864, and practiced law until his death on December 18, 1865 at age 71. He is interred in Lebanon Cemetery, Lebanon, Ohio. Corwin is remembered chiefly as an orator. His speeches both on the stump and in debate were examples of remarkable eloquence. He acquired the nickname Black Tom not because he was African-American in ancestry, but because of his dark, swarthy complexion. In 1876 the United States Revenue Cutter Service commissioned a cutter named USRC \\\"Thomas Corwin\\\". Thomas Corwin Thomas Corwin (July 29, 1794 –\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2048234\",\n \"text\": \"newsgroup, Stracyzynski wrote a series of posts on Norman Corwin's work. Corwin wrote and directed two plays produced on Broadway, \\\"The Rivalry\\\" (1959) and \\\"The World of Carl Sandburg\\\" (1960). According to Ray Bradbury, Corwin was responsible for the eventual publication of Bradbury's \\\"The Martian Chronicles\\\". Composer David Raksin's \\\"reverent orchestral theme\\\" for the 1950 MGM film \\\"The Next Voice You Hear...\\\" was later published with original lyrics by Corwin as a hymn, \\\"Hasten the Day\\\". During the 1990s, Corwin returned to radio drama, producing a series of radio plays for National Public Radio. In 1993, Corwin was finally inducted\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2048233\",\n \"text\": \"Scourie\\\" (1953), \\\"Lust for Life\\\" (1956), and \\\"The Story of Ruth\\\" (1961). In the early 1970s Corwin produced and hosted the television show \\\"Norman Corwin Presents\\\". In 1979 he hosted \\\"Academy Leaders\\\", a weekly showcase for short films which had won or been nominated for an Adademy Award. Corwin wrote several books, which include \\\"Trivializing America\\\"; plus many essays, letters, articles and plays. In the 1980s Corwin was one of the writing teachers of J. Michael Straczynski, creator of the television series \\\"Babylon 5\\\". Stracyzynski named a recurring character in the series, David Corwin, after Norman. On the rec.arts.babylon5.moderated Usenet\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2048221\",\n \"text\": \"of Samuel and Rose Corwin and was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Corwin was a major figure during the Golden Age of Radio. During the 1930s and 1940s he was a writer and producer of many radio programs in many genres: history, biography, fantasy, fiction, poetry and drama. He was the writer and creator of series such as \\\"The Columbia Workshop\\\", \\\"13 By Corwin\\\", \\\"26 By Corwin\\\" and others. He was a lecturer at the University of Southern California. Corwin won a One World Award, two Peabody Medals, an Emmy, a Golden Globe, a duPont-Columbia Award; he was nominated for an\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16537147\",\n \"text\": \"David Corwin David L. Corwin is a board-certified psychiatrist, child and adolescent psychiatrist, and forensic psychiatrist. Corwin has done extensive work into the long-term impact of child violence and abuse on health, and has promoted family support and treatment programs. Corwin has worked as a consultant, a lecturer, a trainer, and an evaluator of suspected or known child sexual abuse cases throughout many countries, as well as serving as an expert witness of child sexual abuse cases. Corwin has founded, directed or chaired groups that serve to advance prevention and protection against child violence and abuse, as well as furthering\",\n \"title\": \"David Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12582100\",\n \"text\": \"156 bases on balls, with 142 strikeouts and five saves. Corwin made one appearance in the 1951 World Series. In Game 5, in a mop-up relief role, he hurled 1 scoreless innings in a 13–1 victory by the eventual champion New York Yankees. Corwin retired in 1960 after 13 professional seasons. Al Corwin Elmer Nathan \\\"Al\\\" Corwin (December 3, 1926 – October 23, 2003) was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher who appeared in Major League Baseball between 1951 and 1955 for the New York Giants. The Newburgh, New York, native stood tall and weighed . Corwin signed\",\n \"title\": \"Al Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16231100\",\n \"text\": \"John A. Corwin John A. Corwin was a Democratic politician and jurist from Ohio, United States. He was elected to the Ohio Supreme Court and ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives. Corwin was born in Urbana, Champaign County, Ohio on October 26, 1818. His parents were Moses B. and Margaret Corwin. Moses Corwin was the first lawyer in Champaign County, and was the cousin of Thomas Corwin, Governor, Senator and Secretary of the Treasury. After he finished school, Corwin ran a newspaper called the \\\"Rattler\\\" in about 1837, and studied law under his father. He was admitted\",\n \"title\": \"John A. Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13459239\",\n \"text\": \"to Mexican owners. She burned in drydock at Salina Cruz that same year. Several places in Alaska and Yukon are named for the \\\"Corwin\\\", including Corwin Bluff (the bluff near Cape Lisburne containing the Corwin Coal Mine), Corwin Rock in the Aleutian Islands, and possibly Cape Corwin on Nunivak Island. Kivalina lagoon was called Corwin Lagoon by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1884 to about 1950. The Corwin Cliffs in the Saint Elias Mountains, Yukon were named for the \\\"Corwin\\\" by I.C Russell in 1890. A contemporaneous model of the Corwin built by Captain Thomas Mountain is\",\n \"title\": \"USRC Thomas Corwin (1876)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7636957\",\n \"text\": \"4, 1853 – March 3, 1855). Corwin's cousin, Thomas Corwin, was a U.S. Representative, Senator and Treasury Secretary; his cousin, Franklin Corwin, served one term as a Representative; his son, John A. Corwin, was his Democratic opponent in the 1848 Congressional election. He engaged in the practice of law until his death at age 82. He was interred in Oak Dale Cemetery. Moses Bledso Corwin Moses Bledso Corwin (January 5, 1790 – April 7, 1872) was a United States Representative from Ohio. Born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, Corwin spent the early part of his life on a farm, and attended\",\n \"title\": \"Moses Bledso Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926463\",\n \"text\": \"was first used on the song \\\"Rock 'N' Roll\\\" which later became \\\"You'll Be Under My Wheels\\\". The second time they used it is from a song called \\\"Lyrical Terrorist\\\" which later became \\\"Serial Thrilla\\\", but it was soon used on the album \\\"The Day Is My Enemy\\\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926460\",\n \"text\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \\\"nigga\\\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \\\"Scoopy Rap\\\" and \\\"Family Rap\\\" in 1979, and \\\"New York\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050855\",\n \"text\": \"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\\\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \\\"The Rough Guide to Rock\\\", however, called it \\\"as half-baked as its title\\\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050853\",\n \"text\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014933\",\n \"text\": \"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \\\"The Tube\\\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \\\"die very quickly\\\", and that he wanted to \\\"herald the death\\\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014931\",\n \"text\": \"What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \\\"The Smiths\\\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \\\"Hatful of Hollow\\\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is among his least favourite songs\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6974209\",\n \"text\": \"Amber Corwin Amber Corwin Farrow (born December 21, 1978) is an American former competitive figure skater. She is the 1999 Four Continents silver medalist and 2004 bronze medalist. Corwin was born on December 21, 1978, in Harbor City, California. In December 2004, she completed her degree in fashion merchandising and marketing from Cal State Long Beach. She is married to Franklin Farrow, with whom she has a daughter, Vienna. Corwin started skating at the age of five. Making her Champions Series (Grand Prix) debut, she placed 10th at the 1996 NHK Trophy. At the 1997 U.S. Championships, she became the\",\n \"title\": \"Amber Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20312938\",\n \"text\": \"Clay Research Fellow from 2012-2016, and held the first Poincare Chair in 2014 at the Institute Henri Poincare. Corwin has taught at Columbia University since 2013. In 2014, Corwin was award a David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship for Science and Engineering as well as the Rollo Davidson Prize. Also in that year, he was invited to present his work at the International Congress of Mathematicians. In 2012 he received that Young Scientist Prize of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. Ivan Corwin Ivan Zachary Corwin (born May 24, 1984) is a professor of mathematics at Columbia University.\",\n \"title\": \"Ivan Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13936172\",\n \"text\": \"1696, at the age of 30, after which his burial was delayed by a Salem resident named Phillip English, who was accused during the Witch trials, and had his property seized by Corwin. English put a lien on Corwin's corpse, and delayed its burial until he had been reimbursed for the property he lost to Corwin. He was eventually reimbursed, allowing the burial to proceed. George Corwin was the grandson of John Winthrop the Younger, the Governor of Connecticut. His wife, Lydia Gedney, was the daughter of Bartholomew Gedney, one of the magistrates involved in the witch trials. Sheriff Corwin\",\n \"title\": \"George Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13936171\",\n \"text\": \"George Corwin George Corwin (February 26, 1666 – April 12, 1696) was the High Sheriff of Essex County, Massachusetts during the Salem witch trials, which he signed warrants for the arrest and execution of those condemned of witchcraft. Corwin was also responsible for choosing the execution site in Salem for the 19 innocent people hanged. On September 16, 1692, he was ordered by the Court of Oyer and Terminer to preside over the interrogation under torture of Giles Corey, who was pressed to death for refusing to stand trial for witchcraft. Corwin died of a heart attack on April 12,\",\n \"title\": \"George Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10192107\",\n \"text\": \"Jonathan Corwin Jonathan Corwin (also Curwin or Corwen, November 14, 1640 – June 9, 1718) was a New England merchant, politician, and magistrate. He is best known as one of the judges involved in the Salem witch trials of 1692, although his later work also included service as an associate justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature, the highest court of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Jonathan Corwin was born on November 14, 1640 in Salem, a leading port town of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, one of five children born to George and Elizabeth (Herbert) Corwin. His father had\",\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810761\",\n \"text\": \"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \\\"What Kate Did\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2857605\",\n \"text\": \"Since proposed constitutional amendments require a two-thirds majority, 132 votes were required in the House and 24 in the Senate. The Senators and Representatives from the seven slave states that had already declared their secession from the Union did not vote on the Corwin Amendment. The resolution called for the amendment to be submitted to the state legislatures and to be adopted \\\"when ratified by three-fourths of said Legislatures.\\\" Its supporters believed that the Corwin Amendment had a greater chance of success in the legislatures of the Southern states than would have been the case in state ratifying conventions, since\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin Amendment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15475442\",\n \"text\": \"(AMC) with Kevin Smith and \\\"The Rachel Zoe Project” (Bravo). In 2009, he co-created the scripted drama “The Philanthropist” for NBC with Tom Fontana and Jim Juvonen. Corwin has produced numerous feature films that have been nominated for a total of 14 Spirit Awards, 3 Golden Globes, and 2 Academy Awards. Among them, “The Squid and the Whale,” “Half Nelson,” “A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints,” “August,” “Twelve” and “Sunlight Jr.” Endemol acquired a majority stake in Original Media in November 2007, after which Corwin remained CEO and continued to grow the business. In 2013 Endemol purchased the remaining ownership\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7636956\",\n \"text\": \"Moses Bledso Corwin Moses Bledso Corwin (January 5, 1790 – April 7, 1872) was a United States Representative from Ohio. Born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, Corwin spent the early part of his life on a farm, and attended rural schools. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He began practicing law in Urbana, Ohio. Corwin was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives in 1838 and 1839, and was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first United States Congress (March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851), and was again elected to the Thirty-third Congress (March\",\n \"title\": \"Moses Bledso Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6800465\",\n \"text\": \"April 23, 1963 and was buried in Princeton Cemetery. He was reinterred to Riverside Cemetery near his birthplace in Plymouth, Michigan, where he is buried with his wife, parents, and other family members. A full biography of Corwin, with a comprehensive bibliography of his numerous publications, was written by Kenneth Crews and published in 1985. He has been often quoted for saying that the Constitution \\\"is an invitation to struggle for the privilege of directing American foreign policy.\\\" Edward Samuel Corwin Edward Samuel Corwin (January 19, 1878 – April 23, 1963) was president of the American Political Science Association. Corwin\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Samuel Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3952004\",\n \"text\": \"While Corwin acts with a strong personal code of honor, he is also extremely practical; he will not engage in a fight of principle unless he believes he has a chance to win, and he is perfectly willing to employ subterfuge to defeat an opponent. Centuries before the opening of \\\"Nine Princes in Amber\\\", while their father Oberon was still ruling in Amber, Corwin fought a duel (or, as Corwin referred to it later, \\\"a simultaneous decision to murder each other\\\") with Eric and nearly died. Eric, fearing their father's wrath, dumped Corwin in Elizabethan England during one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin of Amber\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3952001\",\n \"text\": \"Corwin of Amber Corwin, a Prince of Amber, is the main character in the first five books of Roger Zelazny's \\\"Chronicles of Amber\\\". He is the second son of Oberon and Faiella, and the father of Merlin. Within the novels, much of the plot action centers on Corwin and his family as they plot against one another conspiring to become the King of Amber. In the first book of the series, \\\"Nine Princes in Amber\\\", Corwin is identified as the eldest heir to the throne who has a legitimate claim. His older brother Eric, while born to the same mother,\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin of Amber\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20773545\",\n \"text\": \"Daniel Lee Corwin Daniel Lee Corwin (born September 13, 1958 in Orange County, California - December 7, 1998 in Huntsville, Texas) was an American serial killer who was sentenced to death and executed for murdering three women. In 1975, Corwin abducted a classmate from high school. He drove her to a remote location in her own car and raped her. He then dragged her out of the car, knocked her down, stabbed her heart with a knife and left her for dead. However, she survived, and managed to reach the road where she was eventually seen and saved. Corwin was\",\n \"title\": \"Daniel Lee Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14773714\",\n \"text\": \"at 9:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 5 October to 2 November 1969 in the first season, and 22 November 1970 to 3 January 1971 for the second and final season. The second season's run of \\\"Corwin\\\" was complicated by its inclusion in the \\\"Sunday at Nine\\\" timeslot which became a mixture of drama, variety—such as \\\"The Hart and Lorne Terrific Hour\\\"—and documentaries. Although \\\"Corwin\\\" received a significant budget, the series consistency was hampered by the departures of director René Bonnière and writer Sandor Stern. Corwin (TV series) Corwin was a Canadian drama television series which aired on CBC Television from 1969\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980606\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13459240\",\n \"text\": \"in the collection of the Oregon State Historical Society and was displayed at the Alaska State Museum in 2006. USRC Thomas Corwin (1876) The Thomas Corwin was a United States Revenue Cutter and subsequently a merchant vessel. These two very different roles both centered on Alaska and the Bering Sea. In 1912, Frank Willard Kimball wrote: \\\"The Corwin has probably had a more varied and interesting career than any other vessel which plies the Alaskan waters.\\\" The United States Revenue Cutter \\\"Thomas Corwin\\\" (aka the \\\"Corwin\\\") was the first revenue cutter to regularly cruise the Bering Sea and the Arctic\",\n \"title\": \"USRC Thomas Corwin (1876)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13459211\",\n \"text\": \"USRC Thomas Corwin (1876) The Thomas Corwin was a United States Revenue Cutter and subsequently a merchant vessel. These two very different roles both centered on Alaska and the Bering Sea. In 1912, Frank Willard Kimball wrote: \\\"The Corwin has probably had a more varied and interesting career than any other vessel which plies the Alaskan waters.\\\" The United States Revenue Cutter \\\"Thomas Corwin\\\" (aka the \\\"Corwin\\\") was the first revenue cutter to regularly cruise the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Built in the state of Oregon, she was finished and commissioned in San Francisco which remained her home\",\n \"title\": \"USRC Thomas Corwin (1876)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10028828\",\n \"text\": \"Corwin, Tippecanoe County, Indiana Corwin was a small town, now extinct, in Randolph Township, Tippecanoe County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. Corwin was laid out by Cyrus Foltz in 1856 and consisted of seven lots near the rail line which ran south out of Lafayette. The town never flourished, though, and was eclipsed by nearby Romney. Later maps sometimes cite the town as Corwin Station. A post office was established at Corwin in 1854, but was discontinued in that same year. As of 9/19/2016 - The old grain silo has been removed. It appears on the Bing! map which\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin, Tippecanoe County, Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6974211\",\n \"text\": \"Enterprises. She retired from competitive skating in March 2006 to focus on a career in the fashion industry. She designed many of her skating costumes. \\\"GP: Champions Series / Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Series / Junior Grand Prix\\\" Amber Corwin Amber Corwin Farrow (born December 21, 1978) is an American former competitive figure skater. She is the 1999 Four Continents silver medalist and 2004 bronze medalist. Corwin was born on December 21, 1978, in Harbor City, California. In December 2004, she completed her degree in fashion merchandising and marketing from Cal State Long Beach. She is married to Franklin Farrow,\",\n \"title\": \"Amber Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2873163\",\n \"text\": \"Ohio. In 1830 he was elected as a Whig to the U.S. House of Representatives and served from March 4, 1831, until his resignation, effective May 30, 1840, having become a candidate for the office of Governor of Ohio. Known for his sharp wit, debating skills and endless campaigning, he was elected Governor in 1840, defeating incumbent Wilson Shannon. Shannon defeated Corwin in a rematch two years later. Corwin was a Presidential elector in 1844 for the Whig Party ticket of Henry Clay and Theodore Frelinghuysen. Corwin was also a member of the United States Senate, having been elected by\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2857606\",\n \"text\": \"state conventions were being conducted throughout the South at which votes to secede from the Union were successful—just as Congress was considering the Corwin Amendment. The Corwin Amendment was the second proposed \\\"Thirteenth Amendment\\\" submitted to the states by Congress. The first was the similarly ill-fated Titles of Nobility Amendment in 1810. Outgoing President James Buchanan endorsed the Corwin Amendment by taking the unprecedented step of signing it. His signature on the Congressional joint resolution was unnecessary, as the President has no formal role in the constitutional amendment process. Abraham Lincoln, in his first inaugural address on March 4, said\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin Amendment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2857601\",\n \"text\": \"Confederate States of America. During this period, several legislative measures, including the Corwin Amendment, were proposed in the hope of either reconciling the sections of the United States, or avoiding the secession of the border states. Senator William H. Seward Representative Thomas Corwin introduced the Corwin Amendment, which was endorsed by President James Buchanan. The amendment had been ratified by just four states by January 1862, far short of the number required for ratification, and the amendment fell out of favor during the Civil War. The text refers to slavery with terms such as \\\"domestic institutions\\\" and \\\"persons held to\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin Amendment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2048229\",\n \"text\": \"broadcast historian Erik Barnouw wrote, Corwin had performers ready in both New York City and Los Angeles. The program went on (from the Los Angeles studios of CBS Radio Station KNX), with Martin Gabel as host/narrator and with William L. Shirer (via cable from New York) re-creating his role as reporter in the Compeigne forest covering the French surrender to Germany. Corwin wrote a similar program for CBS, \\\"Fourteen August\\\", which was broadcast on V-J Day. This critically acclaimed broadcast earned him a Distinguished Achievement Award from \\\"Radio Life\\\" magazine. Corwin was also the first winner of the One World\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2048226\",\n \"text\": \"Without Music,\\\" the goal of which, Corwin said, was to make poetry more entertaining. It went on the air over CBS affiliate WABC in New York in early December 1938. Corwin continued to produce and host a wide range of programs for CBS. In December 1941, he created a program to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the United States Bill of Rights: \\\"We Hold These Truths\\\" was first broadcast on December 15, 1941. Corwin said it was written at the \\\"invitation\\\" of the U.S. Office of Facts and Figures. He recalled being on a train on his way to California\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2048222\",\n \"text\": \"Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay for \\\"Lust for Life\\\" (1956). On May 12, 1990, he received an Honorary Doctorate from Lincoln College. In 1996 he received the Doctor of Humane Letters \\\"honoris causa\\\" from California Lutheran University. Corwin was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1993. A documentary film on Corwin's life, \\\"\\\", won an Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Feature) in 2006. Les Guthman's feature documentary on Mr. Corwin's career, \\\"Corwin\\\" aired on PBS in the 1990s. He was inducted into the Pacific Pioneer Broadcasters Diamond Circle in 1994. Norman Lewis Corwin was the\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2048220\",\n \"text\": \"Norman Corwin Norman Lewis Corwin (May 3, 1910 – October 18, 2011) was an American writer, screenwriter, producer, essayist and teacher of journalism and writing. His earliest and biggest successes were in the writing and directing of radio drama during the 1930s and 1940s. Corwin was among the first producers to regularly use entertainment—even light entertainment—to tackle serious social issues. In this area he was a peer of Orson Welles and William N. Robson, and an inspiration to other later radio/TV writers such as Rod Serling, Gene Roddenberry, Norman Lear, J. Michael Straczynski and Yuri Rasovsky. He was the son\",\n \"title\": \"Norman Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16537165\",\n \"text\": \"as an example of \\\"repressed memory\\\", Elizabeth Loftus was sceptical about the truth surrounding the alleged abuse and investigated Jane Doe's case, concluding that Jane had never been abused by the mother. Jane Doe, who then revealed herself as Nicole Taus, sued Loftus and lengthy litigation took place. The Jane Doe case raises questions about the ethics, methods, and rights of professionals to review and investigate published case reports. David Corwin David L. Corwin is a board-certified psychiatrist, child and adolescent psychiatrist, and forensic psychiatrist. Corwin has done extensive work into the long-term impact of child violence and abuse on\",\n \"title\": \"David Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16537162\",\n \"text\": \"unique look at Jane's memory for the event, which is discussed. In 1997 Corwin published an article in the journal \\\"Child Maltreatment\\\" about \\\"Jane Doe\\\"; a young girl who in 1984 along with her parents were referred to Corwin for a court-appointed forensic evaluation, as mutually agreed by all parties involved in family court litigation regarding custody and visitation, after she disclosed that she had been sexually abused by her mother after the parents separated. Corwin videotaped his interviews with Jane, then five and six years old, the third and last interview of which a verbatim transcript, history, and discussion\",\n \"title\": \"David Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16537154\",\n \"text\": \"Network, conceived and promoted by Drs. Randall Alexander, John Stirling and Corwin was endorsed by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AACAP, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions but to this dated never funded by Congress. Corwin currently works as a professor and director of forensic services for the Pediatrics Department at the University of Utah. He has a continuing interest in improving services and awareness about the adverse health impacts of violence and abuse across the lifespan. Corwin also continues to serve as an expert witness, consultant and\",\n \"title\": \"David Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15475443\",\n \"text\": \"in the company from Corwin, and appointed him Co-Chairman and CEO of Endemol North America. As Co-Chairman and CEO of Endemol Shine North America, together with his partner Cris Abrego, Corwin and Abrego lead the North American division of Endemol Shine Group, the merged global independent content creator, producer and distributor with a diverse portfolio of companies that are behind some of the most prominent hit television formats and series in the world. Corwin and Abrego were in charge of the division's unscripted programming, including hits such as CBS’ “Big Brother” and FOX's “MasterChef” as well as scripted series from\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13936173\",\n \"text\": \"was portrayed on the Comedy Central show Drunk History by actor Joel McHale. George Corwin George Corwin (February 26, 1666 – April 12, 1696) was the High Sheriff of Essex County, Massachusetts during the Salem witch trials, which he signed warrants for the arrest and execution of those condemned of witchcraft. Corwin was also responsible for choosing the execution site in Salem for the 19 innocent people hanged. On September 16, 1692, he was ordered by the Court of Oyer and Terminer to preside over the interrogation under torture of Giles Corey, who was pressed to death for refusing to\",\n \"title\": \"George Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12603155\",\n \"text\": \"member of board of Buffalo Niagara Enterprise which gives economic development assistance to companies in Western New York State. Jane Corwin Jane Lewis Corwin (born February 29, 1964) is an American politician and businesswoman who has served as a Republican Party member of the New York State Assembly from 2009 to 2016. She represented the 144th Assembly District which covers parts of Erie and Niagara counties. Corwin was also the Republican Party nominee in the special election held on May 24, 2011 to fill Western New York's 26th district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives previously held by Republican\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12603152\",\n \"text\": \"FactCheck.org representative called Corwin's ad, \\\"bogus\\\"; Corwin's campaign responded that Hochul also supports Obama's health care law which includes $500 billion in reductions in payments to Medicare Advantage private insurers. American Crossroads endorsed and provided support to Corwin's campaign, reflecting the national importance of the contest. The \\\"New York Post\\\" and the Rochester Business alliance endorsed Corwin, as did the FreedomWorks PAC. The Tea Party Express and TEA New York also endorsed Corwin with their leaders visiting Buffalo and Rochester to make it clear that Corwin was favored by the Tea Party, and to criticize Davis' use of the moniker.\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12603148\",\n \"text\": \"of third party candidate Davis as a factor which is \\\"siphoning support\\\" from Corwin. \\\"The Hill\\\" said the Medicare issue seemed to be boosting Hochul's campaign, though it was difficult to handicap the race because of the presence of the third party candidate. A late April poll by Sienna College had Corwin in the lead with 36 percent, followed by Hochul with 31 percent and Davis with 23 percent of the vote. An early May poll by the Democratic-leaning Public Policy Institute showed Hochul at 35 percent, Corwin at 31 percent and Davis at 24 percent. The non-partisan \\\"Rothenberg Political\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12603135\",\n \"text\": \"Jane Corwin Jane Lewis Corwin (born February 29, 1964) is an American politician and businesswoman who has served as a Republican Party member of the New York State Assembly from 2009 to 2016. She represented the 144th Assembly District which covers parts of Erie and Niagara counties. Corwin was also the Republican Party nominee in the special election held on May 24, 2011 to fill Western New York's 26th district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives previously held by Republican Chris Lee. She faced three other candidates in the election; losing to Democrat Kathy Hochul 47 percent to 43\",\n \"title\": \"Jane Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12582099\",\n \"text\": \"Al Corwin Elmer Nathan \\\"Al\\\" Corwin (December 3, 1926 – October 23, 2003) was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher who appeared in Major League Baseball between 1951 and 1955 for the New York Giants. The Newburgh, New York, native stood tall and weighed . Corwin signed with the Giants in 1948 and 1953 was his only full year in the big leagues. As a Giant, he appeared in 117 games pitched, 22 as a starter. He compiled a won–lost record of 18–10 and an earned run average of 3.98 in 289 innings pitched, allowing 289 hits and\",\n \"title\": \"Al Corwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1189655\",\n \"text\": \"median income of $28,625 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,414. About 6.8% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.3% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over. All of the village is in the Wayne Local School District. Mail is delivered through the Waynesville post office and telephone service is provided through the Waynesville exchange. Corwin, Ohio Corwin is a village in Wayne Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States. The population was 421 at the 2010 census. Corwin began\",\n \"title\": \"Corwin, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10192114\",\n \"text\": \"confused with Corwin's nephew, High Sheriff George Corwin) went to Harvard and became minister at the First Church in Salem. Corwin's house is the only remaining structure in Salem with direct ties to the Salem witch trials of 1692. It is now a museum that focuses on seventeenth-century furnishings, architecture, and lifestyle. Jonathan Corwin Jonathan Corwin (also Curwin or Corwen, November 14, 1640 – June 9, 1718) was a New England merchant, politician, and magistrate. He is best known as one of the judges involved in the Salem witch trials of 1692, although his later work also included service as\",\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Corwin\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["norwell high school","bridgewater state college","university of massachusetts amherst"],"string":"[\n \"norwell high school\",\n \"bridgewater state college\",\n \"university of massachusetts amherst\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1785,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where the queen of denmark lives?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9513513","text":"to Brandenburg. Sophia sided with Valdemar during the conflict: on 8 September 1277, she as well as Valdemar signed the letter pawning the island of Gotland to Bandenburg in Copenhagen. In 1278, Valdemar finally accepted to abdicate permanently in favor of his brother Magnus and took the title \"quondam rex\" (former King), and was given some lands in Västergötland and Östergötland. Valdemar settled in Denmark in 1280, while Sophia remained in Sweden. From this point on, they lived separate lives. Queen Sophia referred to herself as \"regina quondam\" (former queen) and \"senior regina\" (senior queen). She is mentioned in several","title":"Sophia of Denmark"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9513513\",\n \"text\": \"to Brandenburg. Sophia sided with Valdemar during the conflict: on 8 September 1277, she as well as Valdemar signed the letter pawning the island of Gotland to Bandenburg in Copenhagen. In 1278, Valdemar finally accepted to abdicate permanently in favor of his brother Magnus and took the title \\\"quondam rex\\\" (former King), and was given some lands in Västergötland and Östergötland. Valdemar settled in Denmark in 1280, while Sophia remained in Sweden. From this point on, they lived separate lives. Queen Sophia referred to herself as \\\"regina quondam\\\" (former queen) and \\\"senior regina\\\" (senior queen). She is mentioned in several\",\n \"title\": \"Sophia of Denmark\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1488907","text":"mourned her death, and sent a supplication to the Pope where he applied for her to be declared a saint. Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland Margaret of Denmark (23 June 1456 – 14 July 1486), also referred to as Margaret of Norway, was Queen of Scotland from 1469 to 1486 by marriage to King James III. She was the daughter of Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and Dorothea of Brandenburg. Margaret was born in Denmark to the King Christian I and Queen Dorothea of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Not much is known about Margaret's upbringing. By","title":"Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland"},{"psg_id":"14362483","text":"One On Me\", it is the second album to receive this honor since Fleet Foxes' self-titled debut in 2008. The reviewer wrote: \"If \"Queen of Denmark\" were only ... self-lacerating ballads it would still be a work of transcendent beauty, but the second half of the album finds Grant confronting romantic loss with astonishing depth of feeling.\" In December, the magazine selected \"Queen of Denmark\" as its choice for the Best Album of 2010. The BBC Music review website described the album as \"One of the most deeply satisfying debut albums of recent times\", and concluded: \"\"Queen of Denmark\" transcends","title":"Queen of Denmark (album)"},{"psg_id":"14362486","text":"\"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". Queen of Denmark (album) Queen of Denmark is the debut solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on April 19, 2010 on the Bella Union label. \"Queen of Denmark\" is a collaboration between Grant and American folk rock band Midlake and produced by Grant himself in collaboration with Midlake members Paul Alexander and Eric Pulido. It was recorded over two four-months periods, July to October 2008 and May to July 2009, in Midlake's recording studio in Denton, Texas. In the May 2010 issue of \"Mojo\", the album received the","title":"Queen of Denmark (album)"},{"psg_id":"14362482","text":"Queen of Denmark (album) Queen of Denmark is the debut solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on April 19, 2010 on the Bella Union label. \"Queen of Denmark\" is a collaboration between Grant and American folk rock band Midlake and produced by Grant himself in collaboration with Midlake members Paul Alexander and Eric Pulido. It was recorded over two four-months periods, July to October 2008 and May to July 2009, in Midlake's recording studio in Denton, Texas. In the May 2010 issue of \"Mojo\", the album received the seldom-awarded Instant Classic label. Following Joanna Newsom's \"Have","title":"Queen of Denmark (album)"},{"psg_id":"13145340","text":"uncle Eric against King Niels of Denmark. In 1133, Eric and Malmfrid fled Denmark for Norway and the protection of Magnus. After Queen Christina, however, found out that Magnus had plans to betray them, she warned them, and Eric and Malmfrid allied themselves with Magnus' rival, Harald IV of Norway. King Magnus then separated from Queen Christina. Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway Christina Knutsdatter of Denmark, in Norway known as \"Kristin Knutsdotter\", (c. 1118–1139) was a Danish princess and a Norwegian queen consort, spouse of King Magnus IV \"the Blind\" of Norway. Christina was born to Canute Lavard and","title":"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway"},{"psg_id":"1488901","text":"Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland Margaret of Denmark (23 June 1456 – 14 July 1486), also referred to as Margaret of Norway, was Queen of Scotland from 1469 to 1486 by marriage to King James III. She was the daughter of Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and Dorothea of Brandenburg. Margaret was born in Denmark to the King Christian I and Queen Dorothea of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Not much is known about Margaret's upbringing. By the time she was four years old there were talks about her marriage to the Scottish Prince James. In 1468","title":"Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland"},{"psg_id":"11140605","text":"Eric V of Denmark, Ingeborg begun a feud regarding her inheritance, which had never been given her. This largely private feud caused hostility between Norway and the German Hanseatic cities and a tense relationship with Denmark. Several Danish nobles, including Count Jacob of Halland, took her side against the Danish monarch, but she died before the affair was finished. Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway Ingeborg Eriksdotter ( – 24/26 March 1287) was a Danish princess. She was married to King Magnus VI of Norway and was Queen consort of Norway. Later as Queen dowager, she played an important part","title":"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway"},{"psg_id":"8137651","text":"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France Ingeborg of Denmark (; 1174 – 29 July 1237) was Queen of France by marriage to Philip II of France. She was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sofia of Minsk. Ingeborg was married to Philip II Augustus of France on 15 August 1193 after the death of Philip's first wife Isabelle of Hainaut (d. 1190). Her marriage brought a large dowry from her brother King Canute VI of Denmark. Stephen of Tournai described her as \"\"very kind, young of age but old of wisdom\".\" At the marriage, she was renamed Isambour.","title":"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France"},{"psg_id":"8137660","text":"or 1238 and was buried in the Church of the Order of St John in Corbeil (\"Église de l'ordre de Saint-Jean à Corbeil\"). Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France Ingeborg of Denmark (; 1174 – 29 July 1237) was Queen of France by marriage to Philip II of France. She was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sofia of Minsk. Ingeborg was married to Philip II Augustus of France on 15 August 1193 after the death of Philip's first wife Isabelle of Hainaut (d. 1190). Her marriage brought a large dowry from her brother King Canute VI of","title":"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France"},{"psg_id":"5773096","text":"Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark Eleanor of Portugal ( ; – 28 August 1231) was a Portuguese \"infanta\", the only daughter of Afonso II of Portugal and Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal. Eleanor was Queen consort of Denmark by marriage to Danish King Valdemar the Young, son of Valdemar II, in 1229. Bishop Gunner of Viborg had first thought of the idea of the marriage, as Eleanor's aunt Berengaria had been Valdemar's stepmother. The wedding took place in Ribe on 24 June 1229, and the next day Eleanor received southern half of the island Funen as a wedding","title":"Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5773098","text":"6 months old, already sickly and scrofulous from birth. So Eleanor probably gave birth to a child, who survived her by only six months. Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark Eleanor of Portugal ( ; – 28 August 1231) was a Portuguese \"infanta\", the only daughter of Afonso II of Portugal and Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal. Eleanor was Queen consort of Denmark by marriage to Danish King Valdemar the Young, son of Valdemar II, in 1229. Bishop Gunner of Viborg had first thought of the idea of the marriage, as Eleanor's aunt Berengaria had been Valdemar's stepmother. The","title":"Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"13145339","text":"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway Christina Knutsdatter of Denmark, in Norway known as \"Kristin Knutsdotter\", (c. 1118–1139) was a Danish princess and a Norwegian queen consort, spouse of King Magnus IV \"the Blind\" of Norway. Christina was born to Canute Lavard and Ingeborg of Kiev. Her marriage to Magnus was arranged by her maternal aunt, Malmfred, former Queen of Norway and the former stepmother of Magnus, and at the time the wife of Christina's paternal uncle Eric. Christina was engaged in 1131, and the marriage took place in 1132/33. King Magnus supported the struggle of her father Canute and","title":"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway"},{"psg_id":"11140601","text":"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway Ingeborg Eriksdotter ( – 24/26 March 1287) was a Danish princess. She was married to King Magnus VI of Norway and was Queen consort of Norway. Later as Queen dowager, she played an important part in politics during the minority of her son King Eirik II of Norway. Ingeborg was born the daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and Jutta of Saxony. Ingeborg was only about six years-old when her father was killed. Her mother returned in Saxony and married Count Burchard VIII of Querfurt-Rosenburg. In large part, Ingeborg and her three sisters lived","title":"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway"},{"psg_id":"5976943","text":"return and reorganize monastic life. There is no explicit mention of Queen Christina after the events in c. 1158. If still alive, she was widowed at the murder of the King outside the cathedral in Uppsala in 1160. Her son and his followers may have fled with Christina, with the crowned head of her husband in their possession. Perhaps she spent the following years in Denmark where her kinsman Valdemar the Great ruled. In 1167, her son was made King as Canute I. He promoted the veneration of Eric as a saint. It has been guessed that Queen Dowager Christina","title":"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden"},{"psg_id":"5976944","text":"died in the beginning of Canute's reign, around 1170, but neither the date of her birth or death is actually known. Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden Christina Björnsdotter of Denmark (, ; 1120/25 – 1160/70), was a queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Eric IX of Sweden (r. 1156-1160), and mother of King Canute I of Sweden. According to the \"Knýtlinga saga\", Christina was the daughter of Björn Haraldsen Ironside, son of the Danish prince Harald Kesja, and his consort, the Swedish princess Katarina Ingesdotter, daughter of King Inge I of Sweden. It has been calculated that","title":"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden"},{"psg_id":"5976939","text":"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden Christina Björnsdotter of Denmark (, ; 1120/25 – 1160/70), was a queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Eric IX of Sweden (r. 1156-1160), and mother of King Canute I of Sweden. According to the \"Knýtlinga saga\", Christina was the daughter of Björn Haraldsen Ironside, son of the Danish prince Harald Kesja, and his consort, the Swedish princess Katarina Ingesdotter, daughter of King Inge I of Sweden. It has been calculated that she was born no earlier than c. 1122, which fits with the approximate birthdate of her future husband Eric (c. 1120-25).","title":"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden"},{"psg_id":"11140602","text":"in the court of her uncle King Christopher I of Denmark and Queen Margaret Sambiria. The four sisters were heirs to substantial lands in Denmark. The struggle to claim Ingeborg's inheritance from her murdered father would later involved Norway in intermittent conflicts with Denmark for decades to come. Ingeborg was promised in marriage by the Danish regency government to crown prince Magnus, the son and heir of King Haakon IV of Norway. Ingeborg arrived in Tønsberg on 28 July 1261, after she being retrieved at the instruction of King Haakon from the monastery in Horsens (\"dominikanerkloster ved Horsens\"). On 11","title":"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway"},{"psg_id":"16186557","text":"'Club Classics', a remix album. From this release \"Where Love Lives\" again topped the dance charts with \"Make It On My Own\" following. For the first time \"Where Love Lives\" was released in America and it reached number 4 in the Billboard Hot Dance 100 Chart. In 2003, \"Where Love Lives\" appeared on the charts yet again thanks to new remixes, reaching #16 on the Billboard dance charts and #44 on the UK pop chart. A music video was made for \"Where Love Lives\", directed by James Hyman. The 1996 video version used the same video as the original, but","title":"Where Love Lives"},{"psg_id":"6295345","text":"Where the Spirit Lives Where the Spirit Lives (1989) is a TV movie about Aboriginal children in Canada being taken from their tribes to attend residential schools for assimilation into majority culture. Written by Keith Ross Leckie and directed by Bruce Pittman, it aired on CBC Television in 1989. The film starred Michelle St. John as Amelia, a young Kainai girl captured and confined to the residential school system of the 1930s. The system was an attempt to have aboriginal youth to assimilate into the majority European-Canadian culture. Amelia resists assimilation and plans her escape. The film's cast includes Ann-Marie","title":"Where the Spirit Lives"},{"psg_id":"6295348","text":"their English counterparts. Now Amelia, Komi improves her English quickly with the kindness and support of her teacher, gradually adjusting to the school environment while retaining her Kainai identity. But when Amelia learns that the teachers lied to her by telling her her parents had died, she decides to escape again, this time successfully. Where the Spirit Lives Where the Spirit Lives (1989) is a TV movie about Aboriginal children in Canada being taken from their tribes to attend residential schools for assimilation into majority culture. Written by Keith Ross Leckie and directed by Bruce Pittman, it aired on CBC","title":"Where the Spirit Lives"},{"psg_id":"16186559","text":"& DJs poll The Greatest Ever Dance Record, \"Where Love Lives\" came in at #5 after Michael Jackson's \"Billie Jean\", James Brown's \"Sex Machine\", Donna Summer's \"I Feel Love\" and Derrick May's \"Strings of Life\". \"DJ Mag\" included \"Where Love Lives\" in their list of the Top 100 Most Important House Tracks in 2011. \"MTV Dance\" placed \"Where Love Lives\" at #58 in their list of The 100 Biggest 90's Dance Anthems Of All Time in November 2011. After the passing of Frankie Knuckles in 2014, Barry Walters of \"NPR music\" wrote: \"Time Out\"`s 2015 list of The 20 Best","title":"Where Love Lives"},{"psg_id":"16186562","text":"Soul. K & K sampled \"Where Love Lives\" in the track \"Peaceful Crowd\" in 2016. Where Love Lives \"Where Love Lives (Come On In)\" is a 1990 song by the British singer Alison Limerick. It was her first solo-debut and a huge club hit in the early 1990s in both the United Kingdom and United States. The track is famous for the funked-up piano intro and remains Limerick's most successful release. It is widely regarded as one of the biggest club anthems, and has been remixed and re-released several times. Alison Limerick began her music career in the musical Labelled","title":"Where Love Lives"},{"psg_id":"16186556","text":"He told her that \"Where Love Lives\" was her song to sing because it required someone with a big two-octave range. The track is written/produced by Lati Kronlund and mixed by David Morales and Frankie Knuckles. The 1990 single was named just as \"Where Love Lives\", but when re-released in 1991 it got named \"Where Love Lives (Come On In)\". It is the first single from her debut album And Still I Rise, which was released in March 1992. That year Limerick also won the Best Female Artist Award at 1992’s DMC Awards. In 1996 Arista released the Alison Limerick","title":"Where Love Lives"},{"psg_id":"12800795","text":"that the parliament will elect a king and determine a new line of succession should a situation arise where there are no eligible descendants of King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine. The monarch of Denmark must be a member of the Danish National Church, or Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark (Danish Constitution, II,6). The National Church is by law the State Church, though the monarch is not its head. Princes and princesses in the line of succession use the style prince/princess to Denmark, where all those not in line use the style princes/princess of Denmark. The first law governing the","title":"Monarchy of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"12330895","text":"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives is a Christmas-themed \"Merrie Melodies\" animated short film, originally released on January 7, 1933. It makes use of a Great Depression setting of Christmas where Santa Claus is seeking shelter. The short takes place at a shantytown; hence the name \"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives\". The film was directed by Rudolf Ising of Harman-Ising Productions. The film score was composed by Frank Marsales. This cartoon is available on \"The Golden Age of Looney Tunes Vol. 3\" laserdisc. This cartoon has fallen into the public domain and therefore","title":"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives"},{"psg_id":"12330896","text":"can be found on many low budget VHS and DVD releases. The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives is a Christmas-themed \"Merrie Melodies\" animated short film, originally released on January 7, 1933. It makes use of a Great Depression setting of Christmas where Santa Claus is seeking shelter. The short takes place at a shantytown; hence the name \"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives\". The film was directed by Rudolf Ising of Harman-Ising Productions. The film score was composed by Frank Marsales. This cartoon is available on \"The Golden Age of Looney Tunes Vol. 3\"","title":"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives"},{"psg_id":"14362485","text":"Grant] has emerged with a colossus. Backed by superfans Midlake, these are songs of impossible love, near-suicide and redemption, with an air of vastness and contemplation recalling Dennis Wilson's masterpiece, \"Pacific Ocean Blue\".\" In \"The Independent\", Andy Gill wrote of the album: \"a near-perfect marriage of his warm baritone with their lush woodwind and keyboard textures, bring to tender life Grant's tales of growing up gay in the midwest.\" Irish musician Sinéad O'Connor covered the track \"Queen of Denmark\" on her 2012 album \"How About I Be Me (And You Be You)?\". The album was also included in the book","title":"Queen of Denmark (album)"},{"psg_id":"6819697","text":"Where Danger Lives Where Danger Lives is a 1950 film noir thriller directed by John Farrow and starring Robert Mitchum, Faith Domergue and Claude Rains. At the time, Domergue was the latest of Howard Hughes' proteges. Dr. Jeff Cameron (Mitchum) saves an attempted suicide victim (Domergue) brought to San Francisco General Hospital. She checks out, but sends a telegram telling him her name, Margo, and address. To his surprise, he finds she lives in a mansion. He breaks a date with his nurse girlfriend, Julie (Maureen O'Sullivan), because he is worried Margo may try to commit suicide again. Jeff falls","title":"Where Danger Lives"},{"psg_id":"20690183","text":"Gehenna: Where Death Lives Gehenna: Where Death Lives is a 2016 American-Japanese horror film written and directed by Hiroshi Katagiri. The film stars Justin Gordon, Eva Swan, Simon Phillips, Doug Jones, Lance Henriksen, and Patrick Gorman. It was acquired by Uncork'd Entertainment in 2018 and was released on May 4, 2018. An early screening was held at Saipan Regal Cinemas on June 30, 2018. The film follows a group of five people exploring the remote island of Saipan, while scouting for a new resort location, who all become trapped in a hidden WWII bunker. \"Gehenna: Where Death Lives\" is Katagiri's","title":"Gehenna: Where Death Lives"},{"psg_id":"6819707","text":"screwball edge. The main credit for which presumably belongs not to director Farrow (father of Mia), but to veteran scriptwriter Charles Bennett - whose screenplays for Hitchcock included \"The 39 Steps\", \"Young and Innocent\" and \"Foreign Correspondent\", and later wrote Jacques Tourneur's \"Night of the Demon\".\" Where Danger Lives Where Danger Lives is a 1950 film noir thriller directed by John Farrow and starring Robert Mitchum, Faith Domergue and Claude Rains. At the time, Domergue was the latest of Howard Hughes' proteges. Dr. Jeff Cameron (Mitchum) saves an attempted suicide victim (Domergue) brought to San Francisco General Hospital. She checks","title":"Where Danger Lives"},{"psg_id":"16186560","text":"House Tracks Ever included \"Where Love Lives\" as #14, adding: Upon its first release in 1990, \"Where Loves Lives\" failed to make an impact in the UK Singles Chart when it peaked at #87. However, after becoming a successful club hit, a re-release some months later in 1991 ensured the song entered the UK Top 30 when it peaked at #27. Another release in 1996, remixed by Dancing Divas, was even more successful when it peaked at #9 on the UK Singles Chart becoming Limerick's highest charting hit. Another remix in 2003 peaked at #44. The song was also a","title":"Where Love Lives"},{"psg_id":"16186554","text":"Where Love Lives \"Where Love Lives (Come On In)\" is a 1990 song by the British singer Alison Limerick. It was her first solo-debut and a huge club hit in the early 1990s in both the United Kingdom and United States. The track is famous for the funked-up piano intro and remains Limerick's most successful release. It is widely regarded as one of the biggest club anthems, and has been remixed and re-released several times. Alison Limerick began her music career in the musical Labelled with Love and as a backing vocalist in the mid-80s after attending the London Contemporary","title":"Where Love Lives"},{"psg_id":"8137659","text":"but because he wished to press his claims to the throne of the Kingdom of England through his ties to the Danish crown. Later, on his deathbed in 1223, he is said to have told his son Louis VIII to treat her well. Later both Louis VIII and Louis IX acknowledged Ingeborg as a legitimate queen. After this time, Ingeborg spent most of her time in a priory of Saint-Jean-de-l’Ile which she had founded. It was close to Corbeil on an island in Essonne. She survived her husband by more than 14 years. Ingeborg of Denmark died in either 1237","title":"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France"},{"psg_id":"9087857","text":"(1870–1947), from Danish Nobility. They had five children: Princess Dagmar died at Kongstedlund, Denmark at the age of 71, as the last surviving child of King Frederick VIII and Queen Louise. She was the grandaunt of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, King Harald V of Norway and Kings Baudouin and Albert II of Belgium. Princess Dagmar of Denmark Princess Dagmar of Denmark (\"Dagmar Louise Elisabeth\"; 23 May 1890 – 11 October 1961) was the youngest child and fourth daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark and his wife, Princess Louise of Sweden and Norway. Princess Dagmar was","title":"Princess Dagmar of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"9374461","text":"Själland. Her second son died in exile in 1319. In 1320, her eldest son Magnus returned to Sweden, where he was executed. The chronicle therefore almost only mention the two daughters of the royal couple, Agnes and Catherine. Nothing is known of her youngest daughter Catherine, and the only thing known of her eldest daughter Agnes was that the King of Denmark donated lands to Slangerup Abbey for her upkeep in 1344. She was buried in the St. Bendt's Church in Ringsted. Martha of Denmark Margaret \"Martha\" of Denmark (1277 – 2 March or 3 October 1341) was queen consort","title":"Martha of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5065276","text":"of his immediate family and all his godparents. In 2018, it was reported that he was working as a fashion model. He debuted at the 2018 London Fashion Week. He has been admitted to in Varde, where he will have a two-year education as a reserve officer. Nikolai is styled as \"His Highness Prince Nikolai of Denmark, Count of Monpezat\". He has been Prince of Denmark since birth and Count of Monpezat since 29 April 2008, when Queen Margrethe granted the title to her male-line descendants. Prince Nikolai of Denmark Prince Nikolai of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (Nikolai William Alexander","title":"Prince Nikolai of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"20690187","text":"Festival in Chicago. Gehenna: Where Death Lives Gehenna: Where Death Lives is a 2016 American-Japanese horror film written and directed by Hiroshi Katagiri. The film stars Justin Gordon, Eva Swan, Simon Phillips, Doug Jones, Lance Henriksen, and Patrick Gorman. It was acquired by Uncork'd Entertainment in 2018 and was released on May 4, 2018. An early screening was held at Saipan Regal Cinemas on June 30, 2018. The film follows a group of five people exploring the remote island of Saipan, while scouting for a new resort location, who all become trapped in a hidden WWII bunker. \"Gehenna: Where Death","title":"Gehenna: Where Death Lives"},{"psg_id":"13145369","text":"political part after the death of her spouse. Ingerid of Denmark Ingerid Swendsdatter of Denmark also called \"Ingrid\", (11th century – d. after 1093) was a Danish princess and a Norwegian Queen consort, spouse of King Olaf III of Norway. Ingerid Swensdatter was the daughter of King Sweyn II of Denmark. It is not known which one of her father's wives and concubines who was the mother of Ingerid. She was married to Olav Kyrre in 1067 in a marriage arranged as a part of the peace treaty between Denmark and Norway, and became Queen of Norway upon marriage the","title":"Ingerid of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"13145367","text":"Ingerid of Denmark Ingerid Swendsdatter of Denmark also called \"Ingrid\", (11th century – d. after 1093) was a Danish princess and a Norwegian Queen consort, spouse of King Olaf III of Norway. Ingerid Swensdatter was the daughter of King Sweyn II of Denmark. It is not known which one of her father's wives and concubines who was the mother of Ingerid. She was married to Olav Kyrre in 1067 in a marriage arranged as a part of the peace treaty between Denmark and Norway, and became Queen of Norway upon marriage the same year. To further strengthen the alliance Olav","title":"Ingerid of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"1341680","text":"Princess Benedikte of Denmark Princess Benedikte of Denmark, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Benedikte Astrid Ingeborg Ingrid, born 29 April 1944) is the second daughter of King Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid of Denmark. She is the younger sister of the reigning Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II, and the older sister of Queen Anne-Marie of Greece. Princess Benedikte often represents her elder sister at official or semi-official events. She and her late husband, Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, have three children. Princess Benedikte is currently 11th in the line of succession to the Danish throne. Princess Benedikte was born on 29 April","title":"Princess Benedikte of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"7104391","text":"or Queen Margrethe II legal status as a civilian. The Ministry of the State of Denmark was founded January 1, 1914, though its origin can be found in a small secretariat created in 1848, the Council of State (\"\"Statsrådet\"\") to assist the new Council President (\"\"konseilspræsident\"\"), the name used for the Prime Minister of Denmark from 1855 to 1918. Ministry of the State of Denmark Ministry of the State of Denmark (The Prime Minister's Office) () is a Danish government ministry. Atypical of a Danish ministry it does not have any councils, boards or committees associated with it and its","title":"Ministry of the State of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"696089","text":"by the Queen. Officially, it is the Queen who is the head of government, and she therefore presides over the Council of State (privy council), where the acts of legislation which have been passed by the parliament are signed into law. In practice, however, nearly all of the Queen's formal powers are exercised by the Cabinet of Denmark. In addition to her roles in her own country, the Queen is also the Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires), an infantry regiment of the British Army, following a tradition in her family. Queen Margrethe II","title":"Margrethe II of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"1944870","text":"dowry. They had the following issue: Eric V of Denmark Eric V Klipping (1249 – 22 November 1286) was King of Denmark (1259–1286) and son of King Christopher I of Denmark. From 1259-1266, he ruled under the auspices of his mother, the competent Queen Dowager, Margaret Sambiria of Pomerania (1230-1282). Between 1261 and 1262, the young King Eric was a prisoner in Holstein following a military defeat. Afterwards, he lived in Brandenburg, where he was initially held captive by John I, Margrave of Brandenburg (c. 1213-1266) . The king’s nickname ”Klipping” or ”Glipping” refers to a medieval coin that has","title":"Eric V of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"1944859","text":"Eric V of Denmark Eric V Klipping (1249 – 22 November 1286) was King of Denmark (1259–1286) and son of King Christopher I of Denmark. From 1259-1266, he ruled under the auspices of his mother, the competent Queen Dowager, Margaret Sambiria of Pomerania (1230-1282). Between 1261 and 1262, the young King Eric was a prisoner in Holstein following a military defeat. Afterwards, he lived in Brandenburg, where he was initially held captive by John I, Margrave of Brandenburg (c. 1213-1266) . The king’s nickname ”Klipping” or ”Glipping” refers to a medieval coin that has become ”clipped” (a \"clipped penny\") or","title":"Eric V of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"2087487","text":"Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark (11 September 1656 – 26 July 1693) was the Queen consort of Sweden as the spouse of King Charles XI of Sweden. The name \"Ulrike\" is a Danish version of the name; in Swedish she is called \"Ulrika Eleonora den äldre\" (English: \"Ulrica Eleanor the Elder\"), to distinguish her from her daughter, the future queen regnant. Ulrika was the daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark and his spouse Queen Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She was given a strict upbringing under the supervision of her mother. She was taught several different languages,","title":"Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"2087516","text":"finished in 1695, he refused to marry despite pressure to do so. Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark (11 September 1656 – 26 July 1693) was the Queen consort of Sweden as the spouse of King Charles XI of Sweden. The name \"Ulrike\" is a Danish version of the name; in Swedish she is called \"Ulrika Eleonora den äldre\" (English: \"Ulrica Eleanor the Elder\"), to distinguish her from her daughter, the future queen regnant. Ulrika was the daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark and his spouse Queen Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She was given a strict upbringing","title":"Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"6238893","text":"were a gift from the King and Queen of Thailand to the Queen and Prince Consort of Denmark on their last visit to Thailand. The elephant house was designed by Norman Foster and Partners. Christian accompanied his parents on most of their engagements during the family's official visit to Greenland on 1–8 August 2014. Christian is styled as \"His Royal Highness\" Prince Christian of Denmark, Count of Monpezat. He has been Prince of Denmark since birth and Count of Monpezat since 30 April 2008, when Queen Margrethe granted the title to her male-line descendants. In 2006 Scandinavian Airlines System was","title":"Prince Christian of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5111286","text":"struck a medal referring to herself with the title Queen of Denmark, with the motto: \"Me sine cuncta ruunt\" (Without me all things perish). However, Emperor Ferdinand was against the plan because the destructive effect it would have of the power balance in Germany, where Saxony, being strongly allied with Denmark, opposed Christina's claims. Nor did she manage to acquire the support of Philip of Spain. The planned marriage alliance between Lorraine and Sweden was finally terminated when Eric XIV married his non-noble lover Karin Månsdotter in 1567. In 1569, Christina still entertained hopes to press her claims to the","title":"Christina of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"674438","text":"was sent to be raised at Güstrow by her maternal grandparents, the Duke and Duchess of Mecklenburg. Compared with the roving Danish court, where King Frederick was notorious for gargantuan meals, heavy drinking and restless behaviour (including marital infidelity), Güstrow provided Anne with a frugal and stable life during her early childhood. Christian was also sent to be brought up at Güstrow but two years later, in 1579, the Rigsraad (Danish Privy Council) successfully requested his removal to Denmark, and Anne and Elizabeth returned with him. Anne enjoyed a close, happy family upbringing in Denmark, thanks largely to Queen Sophie,","title":"Anne of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"12800809","text":"the Greek Royal Family are members of the Danish Royal Family and bear the title of Prince or Princess of Greece and Denmark, as descendants of Christian IX of Denmark. Due to the morganatic status of her marriage, Marina, Consort of Prince Michael, and their children, Princesses Alexandra and Olga, are exceptions. The monarchs of Denmark have a long history of royal and noble titles. Historically Danish monarchs also used the titles 'King of the Wends' and 'King of the Goths'. Upon her accession to the throne in 1972 Queen Margrethe II abandoned all titles except the title 'Queen of","title":"Monarchy of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"9374452","text":"Martha of Denmark Margaret \"Martha\" of Denmark (1277 – 2 March or 3 October 1341) was queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Birger. She was given the name Margaret ( upon her birth, but was in Sweden called Martha (), and has been known in history by that name. She was regarded as a politically influential queen and an important figure in the Håtuna games and the Nyköping Banquet. Martha was born to King Eric V of Denmark and Agnes of Brandenburg and sister of King Eric VI. In 1282, peaceful relations was resumed between the kings of","title":"Martha of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5111283","text":"prison in Denmark in 1559, her elder sister Dorothea assumed the title of Queen of Denmark. However, being a childless widow and no longer expected to be able to have children, Dorothea was no longer considered politically useful. The Danish loyalists, headed by the exiled Peder Oxe, therefore asked Christina to persuade Dorothea to surrender her claims to Christina and her son. Christina made Oxe a part of the Ducal council, and in 1561, she visited Dorothea, and reportedly followed his advice and convinced Dorothea to surrender her claim. After this, Christina styled herself the rightful Queen of Denmark, Norway","title":"Christina of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"7501808","text":"the churches in Güstrow and Doberan and protected hospitals and convents. She died on return from one of her visits to Denmark. Elizabeth's granddaughter Anne of Denmark married King James I of England. Thus every British monarch since has been her direct descendant, the present Queen Elizabeth II being queen of 16 independent nations. Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg Elisabeth of Denmark (14 October 1524 – 15 October 1586) was Danish princess and a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and later of Mecklenburg-Güstrow through marriage. She was the elder daughter of King Frederick I of Denmark and his second spouse Sophie","title":"Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg"},{"psg_id":"15356227","text":"the ancient cultures of Greece and Italy, the Near East and Egypt. For example, it holds a collection of objects that were retrieved during the Danish excavation of Tell Shemshara in Iraq in 1957. Exhibits are also shown on who the Danish people are and were, stories of everyday life and special occasions, stories of the Danish state and nation, but most of all stories of different people’s lives in Denmark from 1560 to 2000. The Danish pre-history section was re-opened in May 2008 after years of renovating. In 2013, a major exhibition on the Vikings was opened by Queen","title":"National Museum of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"9513505","text":"Sophia of Denmark Sophia of Denmark (\"Sofia Eriksdotter\"; 1241–1286) was Queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Valdemar of Sweden. Sophia was the eldest daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and Jutta of Saxony. She had no brothers, but three sisters, Ingeborg of Denmark, Agnes and Jutta of Denmark. Her father was murdered in 1250 when she and her sisters were children. As he left no son, he was succeeded by his brother Abel of Denmark, and then in 1252 by his second brother Christopher I of Denmark. The marriage between Sophia of Denmark and the Valdemar I of","title":"Sophia of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5434782","text":"Princess Elisabeth of Denmark Princess Elisabeth of Denmark, (\"Elisabeth Caroline-Mathilde Alexandrine Helena Olga Thyra Feodora Estrid Margrethe Désirée\"; 8 May 1935 – 19 June 2018) was the daughter of Hereditary Prince Knud and Hereditary Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark, and a first cousin of the present Danish monarch, Queen Margrethe II. As a first cousin of Queen Margrethe II, she was 12th in the line of succession to the Danish throne at the time of her death. She never married and held the title of \"Prinsesse til Danmark\" (literally translated as \"Princess to Denmark\", which is reserved for those members of","title":"Princess Elisabeth of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"15106033","text":"same time, Agnes supposedly married her cousin Eric Longbone, Lord of Langeland. Sophia died in 1286. Jutta of Denmark Jutta of Denmark also known as \"Judith\" (1246-1286/95) was a daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and his wife Jutta of Saxony. She was a younger sister of Queen Sophia of Sweden, and Queen Ingeborg of Norway, as well as an older sister of Agnes. Jutta was also mistress for a brief period of time to her brother-in-law Valdemar, King of Sweden. Jutta was a member of the House of Estridsen. In 1250, when Jutta was around four years old, her","title":"Jutta of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"15106030","text":"Jutta of Denmark Jutta of Denmark also known as \"Judith\" (1246-1286/95) was a daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and his wife Jutta of Saxony. She was a younger sister of Queen Sophia of Sweden, and Queen Ingeborg of Norway, as well as an older sister of Agnes. Jutta was also mistress for a brief period of time to her brother-in-law Valdemar, King of Sweden. Jutta was a member of the House of Estridsen. In 1250, when Jutta was around four years old, her father was murdered. Her mother remarried to Burgrave Burchard VIII of Magdeburg. Her two eldest sisters","title":"Jutta of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"10104296","text":"school as her older brother. Isabella is styled as \"Her Royal Highness\" Princess Isabella of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat. She has been Princess of Denmark since birth and Countess of Monpezat since 29 April 2008, when Queen Margrethe granted the title to her male-line descendants. Princess Isabella of Denmark Princess Isabella of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (Isabella Henrietta Ingrid Margrethe; born 21 April 2007), is the second child and elder daughter of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary. She is the fourth grandchild and oldest granddaughter of Queen Margrethe II and her husband, the late Prince Henrik. She was","title":"Princess Isabella of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"4691496","text":"an heir to the Swedish throne in 1743, where the Danish candidate had lost. The engagement was met with some worry from Queen Louise, who feared that her daughter would be mistreated by the Queen of Sweden, Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. The match was known to be disliked by the Queen of Sweden, who was in constant conflict with the Parliament; and who was known in Denmark for her pride, dominant personality and hatred of anything Danish, which she demonstrated in her treatment of the Danish ambassadors in Stockholm. After the death of her mother early in her life, Sophia","title":"Sophia Magdalena of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"6819706","text":"what makes this melodrama compelling...The movie plays like a \"noir cliché\". But Mitchum saves the day, realistically showing how a swell guy and such a competent doctor could be so vulnerable. Claude Rains as always is magnificent, in a small part but one where his every gesture seems to be constrained in a maniacal rage ready to burst open. His touch of madness is best exemplified by his mischievous smile while meeting his wife's lover.\" British film critic Neil Young wrote, \"Though inexplicably little-known these days, \"Where Danger Lives\" is an absolutely cracking little film noir with an appealingly absurd","title":"Where Danger Lives"},{"psg_id":"15060327","text":"Denmark–Kazakhstan relations Denmark–Kazakhstan relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Kazakhstan. Denmark recognized Kazakhstan on December 31, 1991 and diplomatic relations were established on May 6, 1992. Neither country has a resident ambassador. Kazakhstan's ambassador to the United Kingdom is accredited to Denmark. Since 2005, the honorary consul of Denmark is Per Karlsen, with the residency in Moscow. Denmark opened a trade mission in Almaty in 2005. In 2000 an important boost to the development of bilateral relations was provided by an official visit to Denmark from President Nursultan Nazarbayev where he met with Queen Margrethe","title":"Denmark–Kazakhstan relations"},{"psg_id":"1341455","text":"Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark Prince Henrik of Denmark (; born Henri Marie Jean André de Laborde de Monpezat; 11 June 1934 – 13 February 2018) was the husband of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. Henrik was born in the French commune of Talence near Bordeaux to the old French family the Laborde de Monpezats. He spent his early years in Vietnam where his family had lived for many years. The family spent the Second World War at the family home in Cahors, France. They returned to Vietnam after the war, however were forced to flee following the defeat of","title":"Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"1341476","text":"Danish and published several other books. Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark Prince Henrik of Denmark (; born Henri Marie Jean André de Laborde de Monpezat; 11 June 1934 – 13 February 2018) was the husband of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. Henrik was born in the French commune of Talence near Bordeaux to the old French family the Laborde de Monpezats. He spent his early years in Vietnam where his family had lived for many years. The family spent the Second World War at the family home in Cahors, France. They returned to Vietnam after the war, however were forced","title":"Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"1944863","text":"forced to cede royal properties in southern Jutland to secure their release. In 1260, Queen Margaret had released Archbishop Erlandsen from prison thinking he would be grateful, but he subsequently issued an interdict over all of Denmark trying to force the Queen and her son, King Eric off the throne. In 1263, acting as regent of Denmark, the Queen wrote to Pope Urban IV asking him to intervene with Archbishop Erlandsen. After several years of quibbling, the Pope agreed to several items that the Queen wanted. He issued a dispensation to alter the terms of the Danish succession that would","title":"Eric V of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"696086","text":"all the monarch's former titles except the title to Denmark, hence her style \"By the Grace of God, Queen of Denmark\" (Danish: \"Margrethe den Anden, af Guds Nåde Danmarks Dronning\"). The Queen chose the motto: \"God's help, the love of The People, Denmark's strength.\" In her first address to the people, Queen Margrethe II said: The Queen's main tasks are to represent the Kingdom abroad and to be a unifying figure at home. She receives foreign ambassadors and awards honours and medals. The Queen performs the latter task by accepting invitations to open exhibitions, attending anniversaries, inaugurating bridges, etc. As","title":"Margrethe II of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5393959","text":"Canary Islands, in a house designed by her husband. She is also the niece of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and Queen Sofia of Spain. Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark (; born 10 July 1965) is the eldest child of Constantine II and Anne-Marie of Denmark, who were the last King and Queen of Greece, reigning from 1964 to 1973. Between her own birth and the birth on 20 May 1967 of her brother Pavlos, Alexia was heir presumptive to the throne of the Hellenes, then an extant monarchy. Greece's order of succession","title":"Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5079904","text":"at Amalienborg Palace on 7 December 1805. Eventually, his son Christian Frederick would succeed Frederick VI as king. Prince Frederick is an important character in Norah Lofts' historical novel \"The Lost Queen\" (1969), chronicling the tragic marriage of King Christian VII and Queen Caroline Matilda. The book suggests that Frederick was himself in love with the Queen and jealous of her lover Johann Friedrich Struensee – which is not firmly attested in historical sources. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (; 11 October 1753 – 7 December 1805) was heir presumptive to the thrones of Denmark","title":"Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5058533","text":"who was to give the bride away. The wedding ceremony was held on 10 June 1948 in Athens, Greece, in the throne room of the Royal Palace; the ceremony was performed by Archbishop Damaskinos and King Paul of Greece served as \"koumbaros\". Guests at the wedding included: Michael's mother Helen, Queen Mother of Romania, aunts Queen Frederica, Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark, Duchess of Aosta, Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark; cousins Alexandra, Queen Consort of Yugoslavia, Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark, Crown Prince Constantine of Greece and Princess Irene of Greece and","title":"Queen Anne of Romania"},{"psg_id":"5434784","text":"was confirmed by the Danish Royal Court that Elisabeth had died on 19 June 2018. Her cremation service took place at Lyngby Church. She is buried beside her longtime companion, Claus Hermansen, in Kongens Lyngby. Princess Elisabeth of Denmark Princess Elisabeth of Denmark, (\"Elisabeth Caroline-Mathilde Alexandrine Helena Olga Thyra Feodora Estrid Margrethe Désirée\"; 8 May 1935 – 19 June 2018) was the daughter of Hereditary Prince Knud and Hereditary Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark, and a first cousin of the present Danish monarch, Queen Margrethe II. As a first cousin of Queen Margrethe II, she was 12th in the line of","title":"Princess Elisabeth of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"9513515","text":"guardianship of Sophia's daughter's, whose marriages he arranged. Sophia died in 1286. One source claim she was buried in Vreta Abbey, and another in Ringsted Abbey in Denmark. Her husband was imprisoned in 1288 and lived openly with mistresses in his comfortable prison until his death in 1302. Sophia had six children: Sophia of Denmark Sophia of Denmark (\"Sofia Eriksdotter\"; 1241–1286) was Queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Valdemar of Sweden. Sophia was the eldest daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and Jutta of Saxony. She had no brothers, but three sisters, Ingeborg of Denmark, Agnes and Jutta","title":"Sophia of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"14023452","text":"Politics of Denmark The politics of Denmark take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, a constitutional monarchy and a decentralised unitary state in which the monarch of Denmark, Queen Margrethe II, is head of state. Denmark is described as a nation state. Danish politics and governance are characterized by a common striving for broad consensus on important issues, within both the political community and society as a whole. Executive power is exercised by the cabinet of Denmark (), presided over by the Prime Minister () who is first among equals. Legislative power is vested in both the","title":"Politics of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"677537","text":"often described as hot-headed, vain, courageous, and ambitious. As a young man, Frederick II had desired to marry his mistress, Anne of Hardenberg, who had served as a lady-in-waiting to his mother, the Dowager Queen Dorothea of Denmark. He had also wooed Queen Elizabeth I of England, an initiative which made him Knight of the Garter. On 20 July 1572, he was married to Sophia of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, a descendant of King John of Denmark, and also his own first half-cousin, through their grandfather, Frederick I, King of Denmark and Norway. Sophia was the daughter of Ulrich III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow","title":"Frederick II of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"3521517","text":"Queen Sofía of Spain Sofía of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Σοφία; born 2 November 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who served as Queen of Spain during the reign of her husband, King Juan Carlos I, from 1975 to 2014. Queen Sofía is the first child of King Paul of Greece and Frederica of Hanover. As her family was forced into exile during the Second World War, she spent part of her childhood in South Africa, returning to Greece in 1946. She completed her secondary education in a boarding school in Germany before returning to Greece where","title":"Queen Sofía of Spain"},{"psg_id":"1607425","text":"order to protect Queen Anna Sophie. Despite the growing weakness he set in 1730 on a muster travel, he reached Gottorp but had to return, and died in Odense, on the day after his 59th birthday. He was buried in Roskilde Cathedral, the mausoleum of Danish royalty. With his first queen, Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow: With his second wife Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg: With his third wife queen, Anne Sophie Reventlow: Frederick IV of Denmark Frederick IV (11 October 1671 – 12 October 1730) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of","title":"Frederick IV of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"592784","text":"Alexandra of Denmark Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Empress of India as the wife of King Edward VII. Her family had been relatively obscure until 1852, when her father, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, was chosen with the consent of the major European powers to succeed his distant cousin, Frederick VII, to the Danish throne. At the age of sixteen, she was chosen as the future wife of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, the heir apparent of Queen Victoria.","title":"Alexandra of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"9854564","text":"crowned German queen. Gunhilda of Denmark Gunhilda of Denmark ( 1020 – 18 July 1038), a member of the House of Knýtlinga, was Queen consort of Germany by her marriage with King Henry III of the Salian dynasty from 1036 until her death. Gunhilda was a daughter of King Cnut the Great (985/95 – 1035), ruler over the Anglo-Scandinavian North Sea Empire, and his second wife Emma of Normandy (c. 985 – 1052). She was a sister of King Harthacnut. She was a paternal half-sister of King Svein Knutsson of Norway and King Harold Harefoot of England. She was also","title":"Gunhilda of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"12800807","text":"at the disposal of the monarch. It was the residence of Hereditary Prince Knud and Hereditary Princess Caroline Mathilde and is not in official use at all at this time. Apart from these state-owned palaces, Marselisborg Palace in Aarhus is privately owned by the Queen. It functions as the summer residence of the Queen, as well as during the Easter and Christmas holidays. In the Kingdom of Denmark all members of the ruling dynasty that hold the title Prince or Princess of Denmark are said to be members of the Danish Royal Family. As with other European monarchies, distinguishing who","title":"Monarchy of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"16186555","text":"School of Dance. Her first major gig was backing vocals on Style Council's Shout to the Top! in 1984. She appeared in musicals including Andrew Lloyd Webber’s Starlight Express and Simon Callow’s The Pajama Game. And in 1989 she made a brief appearance as an African sorceress in Bob Rafelson's film Mountains of the Moon. Swedish producer and songwriter Lati Kronlund (Lars E.C. Kronlund) picked Alison Limerick to record \"Where Love Lives\", after seeing her singing at a show at the ICA in London. She performed Billie Holiday’s 1941 classic God Bless The Child and Kronlund was in the audience.","title":"Where Love Lives"},{"psg_id":"7501807","text":"in 1551 and stayed there until her second marriage in 1556. Secondly, she married on 14 February 1556 Duke Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and had the only daughter Sophie, who married King Frederick II of Denmark in 1572. Her relationship to Ulrich is described as a happy one. Elizabeth made frequent visits to the Danish royal court, and also to her former sister in law queen dowager Dorothea. After her daughter became Queen of Denmark in 1572, her visits to Denmark became longer. She is described as kind, sensible, religious and practical. She was also active in Mecklenburg-Güstrow: she reconstructed","title":"Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg"},{"psg_id":"16186561","text":"dance/club hit in the United States, peaking at number 3 on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play in 1991. In 1996, a new remix peaked at #4 and in 2003 another remix peaked on number 16 on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart. MDA sampled the song in the track \"Take an E (United E Nation Mix)\" in 1991. 1st Prodject sampled it in 1992, in the track \"Right Before (Remix)\". DJ Red Alert & Mike Slammer sampled it in the 1993 track \"In Effect (The Remix)\". British singer Danny Litchfield covered \"Where Love Lives\" on his 2010 album","title":"Where Love Lives"},{"psg_id":"18024154","text":"The Queen Is in the Factory The Queen Is in the Factory () is a 2008 Turkish drama film, directed by Ali Kemal Güven, which follows the lives of homosexual young living together in the underbelly of Istanbul. The film didn't get distribution for various reasons. Yagmur (Dicle Kartal) is a young woman with very strict boundaries. She lives in Istanbul and works as a fashion editor. Yagmur doesn't accept the fact that her brother Bulut (Cagri Aslan) is gay. Bulut, wishing to be a play writer someday created himself a world in his home where he can play Andy","title":"The Queen Is in the Factory"},{"psg_id":"9511593","text":"Richeza of Denmark Richeza of Denmark (Swedish: Rikissa Valdemarsdotter; c. 1180–8 May 1220) was a medieval Queen consort of Sweden, spouse of King Eric X and mother of King Eric XI. Richeza was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sophia of Minsk. She received her first name, originally a Lotharingian-Burgundian female name, in honor of her maternal grandmother, the late Richeza of Poland. In c. 1210 the new king Eric X of Sweden, who had deposed his predecessor Sverker II, desired to build cordial and peaceful relations with Denmark, which had traditionally supported the House of Sverker, against","title":"Richeza of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"7195076","text":"queen, Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg in 1632. In 1631 she came in conflict with her ruling brother Christian IV of Denmark over the inheritance of their wealthy mother. Her marriage to John Adolf produced eight children, four boys and four girls. Her last child, a son, did not survive infancy. Augusta of Denmark Princess Augusta of Denmark (8 April 1580 – 5 February 1639) was the third daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark and Sophia of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, and Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp as the wife of Duke John Adolf. She was politically influential during the reign of her son, Duke","title":"Augusta of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"653502","text":"History of Denmark The history of Denmark as a unified kingdom began in the 8th century, but historic documents describe the geographic area and the people living there— the Danes —as early as 500 AD. These early documents include the writings of Jordanes and Procopius. With the Christianization of the Danes c. 960 AD, it is clear that there existed a kingship speaking. Queen Margrethe II can trace her lineage back to the Viking kings Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth from this time, thus making the Monarchy of Denmark the oldest in Europe. The area now known as Denmark","title":"History of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"690795","text":"when Erik was elected King of Norway in 1392, she renounced this title in Norway, and in 1396, when he was crowned as King of Denmark and Sweden, she stopped the use of this title altogether, although she continued as Regent. She only styled herself Queen of Denmark in 1375, usually referring to herself as \"Margaret, by the grace of God, daughter of Valdemar King of Denmark\" and \"Denmark's rightful heir\" when referring to her position in Denmark. Her title in Denmark was derived from her father King Valdemar IV of Denmark. Others simply referred to her as the \"Lady","title":"Margaret I of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"13145368","text":"Kyrre's half-sister, Ingegerd Haraldsdatter, married King Olaf I of Denmark, who was the brother of Queen Ingerid. Ingerid Svendsdatter was Olaf Kyrre's official consort and queen. There are not much information about her personality or her acts as queen. Queen Ingerid had no children by King Olaf. After the death of King Olav in 1093, queen dowager Ingerid, according to unconfirmed tradition, moved to Sogn and married Svein Brynjulfsson of Aurland, with whom she reportedly had a daughter, Hallkattla She seem to have retired to private life as a widow and there is nothing to indicate that she played any","title":"Ingerid of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5058534","text":"Denmark, the three youngest ones serving as bridesmaids and pageboy; Anne's maternal uncle Prince Erik of Denmark; Princess Nicholas of Greece and Denmark, Prince George William of Hanover and many other dignitaries. Michael's father, Prince Carol, and his sisters, Maria, Queen Mother of Yugoslavia, Princess Elisabeth of Romania (ex-Queen Consort of Greece) and Princess Ileana of Romania were notified, but not invited. As no papal dispensation was given for the marriage, when it was celebrated according to the rites of the Eastern Orthodox Church, it was deemed invalid by the Roman Catholic Church, but perfectly legal by every other authority.","title":"Queen Anne of Romania"},{"psg_id":"756789","text":"Olaf II of Denmark Olaf II Haakonsson (1370 – 3 August 1387) was King of Denmark as Olaf II (1376–1387) and King of Norway as Olaf IV (1380–1387). Olaf was son of King Haakon VI of Norway and the grandson of King Magnus IV of Sweden. His mother was Queen Margaret I of Denmark which made him the grandson of King Valdemar IV of Denmark. In addition to his claim on the thrones of Denmark and later Norway, he was in the direct succession line to the throne of Sweden (but for the interposition of Albert of Mecklenburg). He became","title":"Olaf II of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"1641884","text":"to be officially greeted as king and queen of Denmark. With his wife Helvig, Valdamer IV had the following children: Evidence indicated also an illegitimate son, Erik Sjællandsfar, at on Zealand, buried in Roskilde Cathedral with a crown. However, other evidence indicate that he was a son of King Eric VI of Denmark. Valdemar IV of Denmark Valdemar IV Atterdag (the epithet meaning \"A New Dawn\"), or Waldemar (132024 October 1375; ), was King of Denmark from 1340 to 1375. He was the youngest son of King Christopher II of Denmark and Euphemia of Pomerania. He spent most of his","title":"Valdemar IV of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"2746115","text":"he was a son of King Valdemar IV of Denmark. Eric VI of Denmark Eric VI \"Menved\" (1274 – 13 November 1319) was King of Denmark (1286–1319) and a son of King Eric V of Denmark and Queen Agnes of Brandenburg. He became king in 1286 at age 12, when his father was murdered on 22 November by unknown assailants. On account of his age, his mother ruled for him until 1294. Eric Menved’s rule was a central period during the “Age of Decay\" in Denmark 1241–1340. His early reign – during which he was led by his mother and","title":"Eric VI of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"5976942","text":"dispute with the monks about the ownership to the land upon which the convent had been founded, as she considered it as an inheritance after her relative, lady Sigrid. She is claimed to have harassed the monks: a chronicle accuses her of sending women into the convent to dance naked before the monks. This forced the monks to leave the country and seek refuge in Denmark, where they founded Vitskøl Abbey (1158), a conflict for which the pope contemplated to have her excommunicated. After this, however, Christina and Eric became increasingly well-disposed to the Varnhem monks, who were able to","title":"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden"},{"psg_id":"5909762","text":"Queen Helen, Queen Mother of Romania in 1982, to the time of her own death, she was Queen Victoria's most senior female line descendant. Her death marked the end of all female-line direct descendants of Frederick III, German Emperor and Victoria, Princess Royal. Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark and Major Richard Campbell Andrew Brandram had one child, a son: Her paternal grandparents were King George I of Greece, child of King Christian IX of Denmark, and Olga Konstantinovna of Russia. Her maternal grandparents were Frederick III, German Emperor, and the Empress Victoria, the eldest child of Queen Victoria of","title":"Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark"},{"psg_id":"275572","text":"the one shared by their husbands, and served to exacerbate the rift within the family. While Maria Feodorovna knew better than to publicly criticise both the Grand Duke and Duchess in public, Marie Pavlovna had earned the caustic epithet of \"Empress Vladimir\" from the tsarina. Nearly each summer, Maria, Alexander and their children would make an annual trip to Denmark, where her parents, King Christian IX and Queen Louise, hosted family reunions. Maria's brother, King George I, and his wife, Queen Olga, would come up from Athens with their children, and the Princess of Wales, often without her husband, would","title":"Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1488907\",\n \"text\": \"mourned her death, and sent a supplication to the Pope where he applied for her to be declared a saint. Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland Margaret of Denmark (23 June 1456 – 14 July 1486), also referred to as Margaret of Norway, was Queen of Scotland from 1469 to 1486 by marriage to King James III. She was the daughter of Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and Dorothea of Brandenburg. Margaret was born in Denmark to the King Christian I and Queen Dorothea of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Not much is known about Margaret's upbringing. By\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14362483\",\n \"text\": \"One On Me\\\", it is the second album to receive this honor since Fleet Foxes' self-titled debut in 2008. The reviewer wrote: \\\"If \\\"Queen of Denmark\\\" were only ... self-lacerating ballads it would still be a work of transcendent beauty, but the second half of the album finds Grant confronting romantic loss with astonishing depth of feeling.\\\" In December, the magazine selected \\\"Queen of Denmark\\\" as its choice for the Best Album of 2010. The BBC Music review website described the album as \\\"One of the most deeply satisfying debut albums of recent times\\\", and concluded: \\\"\\\"Queen of Denmark\\\" transcends\",\n \"title\": \"Queen of Denmark (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14362486\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\\\". Queen of Denmark (album) Queen of Denmark is the debut solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on April 19, 2010 on the Bella Union label. \\\"Queen of Denmark\\\" is a collaboration between Grant and American folk rock band Midlake and produced by Grant himself in collaboration with Midlake members Paul Alexander and Eric Pulido. It was recorded over two four-months periods, July to October 2008 and May to July 2009, in Midlake's recording studio in Denton, Texas. In the May 2010 issue of \\\"Mojo\\\", the album received the\",\n \"title\": \"Queen of Denmark (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14362482\",\n \"text\": \"Queen of Denmark (album) Queen of Denmark is the debut solo album by former The Czars frontman John Grant, released on April 19, 2010 on the Bella Union label. \\\"Queen of Denmark\\\" is a collaboration between Grant and American folk rock band Midlake and produced by Grant himself in collaboration with Midlake members Paul Alexander and Eric Pulido. It was recorded over two four-months periods, July to October 2008 and May to July 2009, in Midlake's recording studio in Denton, Texas. In the May 2010 issue of \\\"Mojo\\\", the album received the seldom-awarded Instant Classic label. Following Joanna Newsom's \\\"Have\",\n \"title\": \"Queen of Denmark (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13145340\",\n \"text\": \"uncle Eric against King Niels of Denmark. In 1133, Eric and Malmfrid fled Denmark for Norway and the protection of Magnus. After Queen Christina, however, found out that Magnus had plans to betray them, she warned them, and Eric and Malmfrid allied themselves with Magnus' rival, Harald IV of Norway. King Magnus then separated from Queen Christina. Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway Christina Knutsdatter of Denmark, in Norway known as \\\"Kristin Knutsdotter\\\", (c. 1118–1139) was a Danish princess and a Norwegian queen consort, spouse of King Magnus IV \\\"the Blind\\\" of Norway. Christina was born to Canute Lavard and\",\n \"title\": \"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1488901\",\n \"text\": \"Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland Margaret of Denmark (23 June 1456 – 14 July 1486), also referred to as Margaret of Norway, was Queen of Scotland from 1469 to 1486 by marriage to King James III. She was the daughter of Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and Dorothea of Brandenburg. Margaret was born in Denmark to the King Christian I and Queen Dorothea of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Not much is known about Margaret's upbringing. By the time she was four years old there were talks about her marriage to the Scottish Prince James. In 1468\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11140605\",\n \"text\": \"Eric V of Denmark, Ingeborg begun a feud regarding her inheritance, which had never been given her. This largely private feud caused hostility between Norway and the German Hanseatic cities and a tense relationship with Denmark. Several Danish nobles, including Count Jacob of Halland, took her side against the Danish monarch, but she died before the affair was finished. Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway Ingeborg Eriksdotter ( – 24/26 March 1287) was a Danish princess. She was married to King Magnus VI of Norway and was Queen consort of Norway. Later as Queen dowager, she played an important part\",\n \"title\": \"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8137651\",\n \"text\": \"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France Ingeborg of Denmark (; 1174 – 29 July 1237) was Queen of France by marriage to Philip II of France. She was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sofia of Minsk. Ingeborg was married to Philip II Augustus of France on 15 August 1193 after the death of Philip's first wife Isabelle of Hainaut (d. 1190). Her marriage brought a large dowry from her brother King Canute VI of Denmark. Stephen of Tournai described her as \\\"\\\"very kind, young of age but old of wisdom\\\".\\\" At the marriage, she was renamed Isambour.\",\n \"title\": \"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8137660\",\n \"text\": \"or 1238 and was buried in the Church of the Order of St John in Corbeil (\\\"Église de l'ordre de Saint-Jean à Corbeil\\\"). Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France Ingeborg of Denmark (; 1174 – 29 July 1237) was Queen of France by marriage to Philip II of France. She was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sofia of Minsk. Ingeborg was married to Philip II Augustus of France on 15 August 1193 after the death of Philip's first wife Isabelle of Hainaut (d. 1190). Her marriage brought a large dowry from her brother King Canute VI of\",\n \"title\": \"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5773096\",\n \"text\": \"Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark Eleanor of Portugal ( ; – 28 August 1231) was a Portuguese \\\"infanta\\\", the only daughter of Afonso II of Portugal and Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal. Eleanor was Queen consort of Denmark by marriage to Danish King Valdemar the Young, son of Valdemar II, in 1229. Bishop Gunner of Viborg had first thought of the idea of the marriage, as Eleanor's aunt Berengaria had been Valdemar's stepmother. The wedding took place in Ribe on 24 June 1229, and the next day Eleanor received southern half of the island Funen as a wedding\",\n \"title\": \"Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5773098\",\n \"text\": \"6 months old, already sickly and scrofulous from birth. So Eleanor probably gave birth to a child, who survived her by only six months. Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark Eleanor of Portugal ( ; – 28 August 1231) was a Portuguese \\\"infanta\\\", the only daughter of Afonso II of Portugal and Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal. Eleanor was Queen consort of Denmark by marriage to Danish King Valdemar the Young, son of Valdemar II, in 1229. Bishop Gunner of Viborg had first thought of the idea of the marriage, as Eleanor's aunt Berengaria had been Valdemar's stepmother. The\",\n \"title\": \"Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13145339\",\n \"text\": \"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway Christina Knutsdatter of Denmark, in Norway known as \\\"Kristin Knutsdotter\\\", (c. 1118–1139) was a Danish princess and a Norwegian queen consort, spouse of King Magnus IV \\\"the Blind\\\" of Norway. Christina was born to Canute Lavard and Ingeborg of Kiev. Her marriage to Magnus was arranged by her maternal aunt, Malmfred, former Queen of Norway and the former stepmother of Magnus, and at the time the wife of Christina's paternal uncle Eric. Christina was engaged in 1131, and the marriage took place in 1132/33. King Magnus supported the struggle of her father Canute and\",\n \"title\": \"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11140601\",\n \"text\": \"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway Ingeborg Eriksdotter ( – 24/26 March 1287) was a Danish princess. She was married to King Magnus VI of Norway and was Queen consort of Norway. Later as Queen dowager, she played an important part in politics during the minority of her son King Eirik II of Norway. Ingeborg was born the daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and Jutta of Saxony. Ingeborg was only about six years-old when her father was killed. Her mother returned in Saxony and married Count Burchard VIII of Querfurt-Rosenburg. In large part, Ingeborg and her three sisters lived\",\n \"title\": \"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5976943\",\n \"text\": \"return and reorganize monastic life. There is no explicit mention of Queen Christina after the events in c. 1158. If still alive, she was widowed at the murder of the King outside the cathedral in Uppsala in 1160. Her son and his followers may have fled with Christina, with the crowned head of her husband in their possession. Perhaps she spent the following years in Denmark where her kinsman Valdemar the Great ruled. In 1167, her son was made King as Canute I. He promoted the veneration of Eric as a saint. It has been guessed that Queen Dowager Christina\",\n \"title\": \"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5976944\",\n \"text\": \"died in the beginning of Canute's reign, around 1170, but neither the date of her birth or death is actually known. Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden Christina Björnsdotter of Denmark (, ; 1120/25 – 1160/70), was a queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Eric IX of Sweden (r. 1156-1160), and mother of King Canute I of Sweden. According to the \\\"Knýtlinga saga\\\", Christina was the daughter of Björn Haraldsen Ironside, son of the Danish prince Harald Kesja, and his consort, the Swedish princess Katarina Ingesdotter, daughter of King Inge I of Sweden. It has been calculated that\",\n \"title\": \"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5976939\",\n \"text\": \"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden Christina Björnsdotter of Denmark (, ; 1120/25 – 1160/70), was a queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Eric IX of Sweden (r. 1156-1160), and mother of King Canute I of Sweden. According to the \\\"Knýtlinga saga\\\", Christina was the daughter of Björn Haraldsen Ironside, son of the Danish prince Harald Kesja, and his consort, the Swedish princess Katarina Ingesdotter, daughter of King Inge I of Sweden. It has been calculated that she was born no earlier than c. 1122, which fits with the approximate birthdate of her future husband Eric (c. 1120-25).\",\n \"title\": \"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11140602\",\n \"text\": \"in the court of her uncle King Christopher I of Denmark and Queen Margaret Sambiria. The four sisters were heirs to substantial lands in Denmark. The struggle to claim Ingeborg's inheritance from her murdered father would later involved Norway in intermittent conflicts with Denmark for decades to come. Ingeborg was promised in marriage by the Danish regency government to crown prince Magnus, the son and heir of King Haakon IV of Norway. Ingeborg arrived in Tønsberg on 28 July 1261, after she being retrieved at the instruction of King Haakon from the monastery in Horsens (\\\"dominikanerkloster ved Horsens\\\"). On 11\",\n \"title\": \"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of Norway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16186557\",\n \"text\": \"'Club Classics', a remix album. From this release \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" again topped the dance charts with \\\"Make It On My Own\\\" following. For the first time \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" was released in America and it reached number 4 in the Billboard Hot Dance 100 Chart. In 2003, \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" appeared on the charts yet again thanks to new remixes, reaching #16 on the Billboard dance charts and #44 on the UK pop chart. A music video was made for \\\"Where Love Lives\\\", directed by James Hyman. The 1996 video version used the same video as the original, but\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6295345\",\n \"text\": \"Where the Spirit Lives Where the Spirit Lives (1989) is a TV movie about Aboriginal children in Canada being taken from their tribes to attend residential schools for assimilation into majority culture. Written by Keith Ross Leckie and directed by Bruce Pittman, it aired on CBC Television in 1989. The film starred Michelle St. John as Amelia, a young Kainai girl captured and confined to the residential school system of the 1930s. The system was an attempt to have aboriginal youth to assimilate into the majority European-Canadian culture. Amelia resists assimilation and plans her escape. The film's cast includes Ann-Marie\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Spirit Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6295348\",\n \"text\": \"their English counterparts. Now Amelia, Komi improves her English quickly with the kindness and support of her teacher, gradually adjusting to the school environment while retaining her Kainai identity. But when Amelia learns that the teachers lied to her by telling her her parents had died, she decides to escape again, this time successfully. Where the Spirit Lives Where the Spirit Lives (1989) is a TV movie about Aboriginal children in Canada being taken from their tribes to attend residential schools for assimilation into majority culture. Written by Keith Ross Leckie and directed by Bruce Pittman, it aired on CBC\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Spirit Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16186559\",\n \"text\": \"& DJs poll The Greatest Ever Dance Record, \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" came in at #5 after Michael Jackson's \\\"Billie Jean\\\", James Brown's \\\"Sex Machine\\\", Donna Summer's \\\"I Feel Love\\\" and Derrick May's \\\"Strings of Life\\\". \\\"DJ Mag\\\" included \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" in their list of the Top 100 Most Important House Tracks in 2011. \\\"MTV Dance\\\" placed \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" at #58 in their list of The 100 Biggest 90's Dance Anthems Of All Time in November 2011. After the passing of Frankie Knuckles in 2014, Barry Walters of \\\"NPR music\\\" wrote: \\\"Time Out\\\"`s 2015 list of The 20 Best\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16186562\",\n \"text\": \"Soul. K & K sampled \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" in the track \\\"Peaceful Crowd\\\" in 2016. Where Love Lives \\\"Where Love Lives (Come On In)\\\" is a 1990 song by the British singer Alison Limerick. It was her first solo-debut and a huge club hit in the early 1990s in both the United Kingdom and United States. The track is famous for the funked-up piano intro and remains Limerick's most successful release. It is widely regarded as one of the biggest club anthems, and has been remixed and re-released several times. Alison Limerick began her music career in the musical Labelled\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16186556\",\n \"text\": \"He told her that \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" was her song to sing because it required someone with a big two-octave range. The track is written/produced by Lati Kronlund and mixed by David Morales and Frankie Knuckles. The 1990 single was named just as \\\"Where Love Lives\\\", but when re-released in 1991 it got named \\\"Where Love Lives (Come On In)\\\". It is the first single from her debut album And Still I Rise, which was released in March 1992. That year Limerick also won the Best Female Artist Award at 1992’s DMC Awards. In 1996 Arista released the Alison Limerick\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12800795\",\n \"text\": \"that the parliament will elect a king and determine a new line of succession should a situation arise where there are no eligible descendants of King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine. The monarch of Denmark must be a member of the Danish National Church, or Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark (Danish Constitution, II,6). The National Church is by law the State Church, though the monarch is not its head. Princes and princesses in the line of succession use the style prince/princess to Denmark, where all those not in line use the style princes/princess of Denmark. The first law governing the\",\n \"title\": \"Monarchy of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12330895\",\n \"text\": \"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives is a Christmas-themed \\\"Merrie Melodies\\\" animated short film, originally released on January 7, 1933. It makes use of a Great Depression setting of Christmas where Santa Claus is seeking shelter. The short takes place at a shantytown; hence the name \\\"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives\\\". The film was directed by Rudolf Ising of Harman-Ising Productions. The film score was composed by Frank Marsales. This cartoon is available on \\\"The Golden Age of Looney Tunes Vol. 3\\\" laserdisc. This cartoon has fallen into the public domain and therefore\",\n \"title\": \"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12330896\",\n \"text\": \"can be found on many low budget VHS and DVD releases. The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives is a Christmas-themed \\\"Merrie Melodies\\\" animated short film, originally released on January 7, 1933. It makes use of a Great Depression setting of Christmas where Santa Claus is seeking shelter. The short takes place at a shantytown; hence the name \\\"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives\\\". The film was directed by Rudolf Ising of Harman-Ising Productions. The film score was composed by Frank Marsales. This cartoon is available on \\\"The Golden Age of Looney Tunes Vol. 3\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Shanty Where Santy Claus Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14362485\",\n \"text\": \"Grant] has emerged with a colossus. Backed by superfans Midlake, these are songs of impossible love, near-suicide and redemption, with an air of vastness and contemplation recalling Dennis Wilson's masterpiece, \\\"Pacific Ocean Blue\\\".\\\" In \\\"The Independent\\\", Andy Gill wrote of the album: \\\"a near-perfect marriage of his warm baritone with their lush woodwind and keyboard textures, bring to tender life Grant's tales of growing up gay in the midwest.\\\" Irish musician Sinéad O'Connor covered the track \\\"Queen of Denmark\\\" on her 2012 album \\\"How About I Be Me (And You Be You)?\\\". The album was also included in the book\",\n \"title\": \"Queen of Denmark (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6819697\",\n \"text\": \"Where Danger Lives Where Danger Lives is a 1950 film noir thriller directed by John Farrow and starring Robert Mitchum, Faith Domergue and Claude Rains. At the time, Domergue was the latest of Howard Hughes' proteges. Dr. Jeff Cameron (Mitchum) saves an attempted suicide victim (Domergue) brought to San Francisco General Hospital. She checks out, but sends a telegram telling him her name, Margo, and address. To his surprise, he finds she lives in a mansion. He breaks a date with his nurse girlfriend, Julie (Maureen O'Sullivan), because he is worried Margo may try to commit suicide again. Jeff falls\",\n \"title\": \"Where Danger Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20690183\",\n \"text\": \"Gehenna: Where Death Lives Gehenna: Where Death Lives is a 2016 American-Japanese horror film written and directed by Hiroshi Katagiri. The film stars Justin Gordon, Eva Swan, Simon Phillips, Doug Jones, Lance Henriksen, and Patrick Gorman. It was acquired by Uncork'd Entertainment in 2018 and was released on May 4, 2018. An early screening was held at Saipan Regal Cinemas on June 30, 2018. The film follows a group of five people exploring the remote island of Saipan, while scouting for a new resort location, who all become trapped in a hidden WWII bunker. \\\"Gehenna: Where Death Lives\\\" is Katagiri's\",\n \"title\": \"Gehenna: Where Death Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6819707\",\n \"text\": \"screwball edge. The main credit for which presumably belongs not to director Farrow (father of Mia), but to veteran scriptwriter Charles Bennett - whose screenplays for Hitchcock included \\\"The 39 Steps\\\", \\\"Young and Innocent\\\" and \\\"Foreign Correspondent\\\", and later wrote Jacques Tourneur's \\\"Night of the Demon\\\".\\\" Where Danger Lives Where Danger Lives is a 1950 film noir thriller directed by John Farrow and starring Robert Mitchum, Faith Domergue and Claude Rains. At the time, Domergue was the latest of Howard Hughes' proteges. Dr. Jeff Cameron (Mitchum) saves an attempted suicide victim (Domergue) brought to San Francisco General Hospital. She checks\",\n \"title\": \"Where Danger Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16186560\",\n \"text\": \"House Tracks Ever included \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" as #14, adding: Upon its first release in 1990, \\\"Where Loves Lives\\\" failed to make an impact in the UK Singles Chart when it peaked at #87. However, after becoming a successful club hit, a re-release some months later in 1991 ensured the song entered the UK Top 30 when it peaked at #27. Another release in 1996, remixed by Dancing Divas, was even more successful when it peaked at #9 on the UK Singles Chart becoming Limerick's highest charting hit. Another remix in 2003 peaked at #44. The song was also a\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16186554\",\n \"text\": \"Where Love Lives \\\"Where Love Lives (Come On In)\\\" is a 1990 song by the British singer Alison Limerick. It was her first solo-debut and a huge club hit in the early 1990s in both the United Kingdom and United States. The track is famous for the funked-up piano intro and remains Limerick's most successful release. It is widely regarded as one of the biggest club anthems, and has been remixed and re-released several times. Alison Limerick began her music career in the musical Labelled with Love and as a backing vocalist in the mid-80s after attending the London Contemporary\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8137659\",\n \"text\": \"but because he wished to press his claims to the throne of the Kingdom of England through his ties to the Danish crown. Later, on his deathbed in 1223, he is said to have told his son Louis VIII to treat her well. Later both Louis VIII and Louis IX acknowledged Ingeborg as a legitimate queen. After this time, Ingeborg spent most of her time in a priory of Saint-Jean-de-l’Ile which she had founded. It was close to Corbeil on an island in Essonne. She survived her husband by more than 14 years. Ingeborg of Denmark died in either 1237\",\n \"title\": \"Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9087857\",\n \"text\": \"(1870–1947), from Danish Nobility. They had five children: Princess Dagmar died at Kongstedlund, Denmark at the age of 71, as the last surviving child of King Frederick VIII and Queen Louise. She was the grandaunt of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, King Harald V of Norway and Kings Baudouin and Albert II of Belgium. Princess Dagmar of Denmark Princess Dagmar of Denmark (\\\"Dagmar Louise Elisabeth\\\"; 23 May 1890 – 11 October 1961) was the youngest child and fourth daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark and his wife, Princess Louise of Sweden and Norway. Princess Dagmar was\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Dagmar of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9374461\",\n \"text\": \"Själland. Her second son died in exile in 1319. In 1320, her eldest son Magnus returned to Sweden, where he was executed. The chronicle therefore almost only mention the two daughters of the royal couple, Agnes and Catherine. Nothing is known of her youngest daughter Catherine, and the only thing known of her eldest daughter Agnes was that the King of Denmark donated lands to Slangerup Abbey for her upkeep in 1344. She was buried in the St. Bendt's Church in Ringsted. Martha of Denmark Margaret \\\"Martha\\\" of Denmark (1277 – 2 March or 3 October 1341) was queen consort\",\n \"title\": \"Martha of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5065276\",\n \"text\": \"of his immediate family and all his godparents. In 2018, it was reported that he was working as a fashion model. He debuted at the 2018 London Fashion Week. He has been admitted to in Varde, where he will have a two-year education as a reserve officer. Nikolai is styled as \\\"His Highness Prince Nikolai of Denmark, Count of Monpezat\\\". He has been Prince of Denmark since birth and Count of Monpezat since 29 April 2008, when Queen Margrethe granted the title to her male-line descendants. Prince Nikolai of Denmark Prince Nikolai of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (Nikolai William Alexander\",\n \"title\": \"Prince Nikolai of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20690187\",\n \"text\": \"Festival in Chicago. Gehenna: Where Death Lives Gehenna: Where Death Lives is a 2016 American-Japanese horror film written and directed by Hiroshi Katagiri. The film stars Justin Gordon, Eva Swan, Simon Phillips, Doug Jones, Lance Henriksen, and Patrick Gorman. It was acquired by Uncork'd Entertainment in 2018 and was released on May 4, 2018. An early screening was held at Saipan Regal Cinemas on June 30, 2018. The film follows a group of five people exploring the remote island of Saipan, while scouting for a new resort location, who all become trapped in a hidden WWII bunker. \\\"Gehenna: Where Death\",\n \"title\": \"Gehenna: Where Death Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13145369\",\n \"text\": \"political part after the death of her spouse. Ingerid of Denmark Ingerid Swendsdatter of Denmark also called \\\"Ingrid\\\", (11th century – d. after 1093) was a Danish princess and a Norwegian Queen consort, spouse of King Olaf III of Norway. Ingerid Swensdatter was the daughter of King Sweyn II of Denmark. It is not known which one of her father's wives and concubines who was the mother of Ingerid. She was married to Olav Kyrre in 1067 in a marriage arranged as a part of the peace treaty between Denmark and Norway, and became Queen of Norway upon marriage the\",\n \"title\": \"Ingerid of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13145367\",\n \"text\": \"Ingerid of Denmark Ingerid Swendsdatter of Denmark also called \\\"Ingrid\\\", (11th century – d. after 1093) was a Danish princess and a Norwegian Queen consort, spouse of King Olaf III of Norway. Ingerid Swensdatter was the daughter of King Sweyn II of Denmark. It is not known which one of her father's wives and concubines who was the mother of Ingerid. She was married to Olav Kyrre in 1067 in a marriage arranged as a part of the peace treaty between Denmark and Norway, and became Queen of Norway upon marriage the same year. To further strengthen the alliance Olav\",\n \"title\": \"Ingerid of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1341680\",\n \"text\": \"Princess Benedikte of Denmark Princess Benedikte of Denmark, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Benedikte Astrid Ingeborg Ingrid, born 29 April 1944) is the second daughter of King Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid of Denmark. She is the younger sister of the reigning Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II, and the older sister of Queen Anne-Marie of Greece. Princess Benedikte often represents her elder sister at official or semi-official events. She and her late husband, Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, have three children. Princess Benedikte is currently 11th in the line of succession to the Danish throne. Princess Benedikte was born on 29 April\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Benedikte of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7104391\",\n \"text\": \"or Queen Margrethe II legal status as a civilian. The Ministry of the State of Denmark was founded January 1, 1914, though its origin can be found in a small secretariat created in 1848, the Council of State (\\\"\\\"Statsrådet\\\"\\\") to assist the new Council President (\\\"\\\"konseilspræsident\\\"\\\"), the name used for the Prime Minister of Denmark from 1855 to 1918. Ministry of the State of Denmark Ministry of the State of Denmark (The Prime Minister's Office) () is a Danish government ministry. Atypical of a Danish ministry it does not have any councils, boards or committees associated with it and its\",\n \"title\": \"Ministry of the State of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"696089\",\n \"text\": \"by the Queen. Officially, it is the Queen who is the head of government, and she therefore presides over the Council of State (privy council), where the acts of legislation which have been passed by the parliament are signed into law. In practice, however, nearly all of the Queen's formal powers are exercised by the Cabinet of Denmark. In addition to her roles in her own country, the Queen is also the Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires), an infantry regiment of the British Army, following a tradition in her family. Queen Margrethe II\",\n \"title\": \"Margrethe II of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1944870\",\n \"text\": \"dowry. They had the following issue: Eric V of Denmark Eric V Klipping (1249 – 22 November 1286) was King of Denmark (1259–1286) and son of King Christopher I of Denmark. From 1259-1266, he ruled under the auspices of his mother, the competent Queen Dowager, Margaret Sambiria of Pomerania (1230-1282). Between 1261 and 1262, the young King Eric was a prisoner in Holstein following a military defeat. Afterwards, he lived in Brandenburg, where he was initially held captive by John I, Margrave of Brandenburg (c. 1213-1266) . The king’s nickname ”Klipping” or ”Glipping” refers to a medieval coin that has\",\n \"title\": \"Eric V of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1944859\",\n \"text\": \"Eric V of Denmark Eric V Klipping (1249 – 22 November 1286) was King of Denmark (1259–1286) and son of King Christopher I of Denmark. From 1259-1266, he ruled under the auspices of his mother, the competent Queen Dowager, Margaret Sambiria of Pomerania (1230-1282). Between 1261 and 1262, the young King Eric was a prisoner in Holstein following a military defeat. Afterwards, he lived in Brandenburg, where he was initially held captive by John I, Margrave of Brandenburg (c. 1213-1266) . The king’s nickname ”Klipping” or ”Glipping” refers to a medieval coin that has become ”clipped” (a \\\"clipped penny\\\") or\",\n \"title\": \"Eric V of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2087487\",\n \"text\": \"Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark (11 September 1656 – 26 July 1693) was the Queen consort of Sweden as the spouse of King Charles XI of Sweden. The name \\\"Ulrike\\\" is a Danish version of the name; in Swedish she is called \\\"Ulrika Eleonora den äldre\\\" (English: \\\"Ulrica Eleanor the Elder\\\"), to distinguish her from her daughter, the future queen regnant. Ulrika was the daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark and his spouse Queen Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She was given a strict upbringing under the supervision of her mother. She was taught several different languages,\",\n \"title\": \"Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2087516\",\n \"text\": \"finished in 1695, he refused to marry despite pressure to do so. Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark (11 September 1656 – 26 July 1693) was the Queen consort of Sweden as the spouse of King Charles XI of Sweden. The name \\\"Ulrike\\\" is a Danish version of the name; in Swedish she is called \\\"Ulrika Eleonora den äldre\\\" (English: \\\"Ulrica Eleanor the Elder\\\"), to distinguish her from her daughter, the future queen regnant. Ulrika was the daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark and his spouse Queen Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She was given a strict upbringing\",\n \"title\": \"Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6238893\",\n \"text\": \"were a gift from the King and Queen of Thailand to the Queen and Prince Consort of Denmark on their last visit to Thailand. The elephant house was designed by Norman Foster and Partners. Christian accompanied his parents on most of their engagements during the family's official visit to Greenland on 1–8 August 2014. Christian is styled as \\\"His Royal Highness\\\" Prince Christian of Denmark, Count of Monpezat. He has been Prince of Denmark since birth and Count of Monpezat since 30 April 2008, when Queen Margrethe granted the title to her male-line descendants. In 2006 Scandinavian Airlines System was\",\n \"title\": \"Prince Christian of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5111286\",\n \"text\": \"struck a medal referring to herself with the title Queen of Denmark, with the motto: \\\"Me sine cuncta ruunt\\\" (Without me all things perish). However, Emperor Ferdinand was against the plan because the destructive effect it would have of the power balance in Germany, where Saxony, being strongly allied with Denmark, opposed Christina's claims. Nor did she manage to acquire the support of Philip of Spain. The planned marriage alliance between Lorraine and Sweden was finally terminated when Eric XIV married his non-noble lover Karin Månsdotter in 1567. In 1569, Christina still entertained hopes to press her claims to the\",\n \"title\": \"Christina of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"674438\",\n \"text\": \"was sent to be raised at Güstrow by her maternal grandparents, the Duke and Duchess of Mecklenburg. Compared with the roving Danish court, where King Frederick was notorious for gargantuan meals, heavy drinking and restless behaviour (including marital infidelity), Güstrow provided Anne with a frugal and stable life during her early childhood. Christian was also sent to be brought up at Güstrow but two years later, in 1579, the Rigsraad (Danish Privy Council) successfully requested his removal to Denmark, and Anne and Elizabeth returned with him. Anne enjoyed a close, happy family upbringing in Denmark, thanks largely to Queen Sophie,\",\n \"title\": \"Anne of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12800809\",\n \"text\": \"the Greek Royal Family are members of the Danish Royal Family and bear the title of Prince or Princess of Greece and Denmark, as descendants of Christian IX of Denmark. Due to the morganatic status of her marriage, Marina, Consort of Prince Michael, and their children, Princesses Alexandra and Olga, are exceptions. The monarchs of Denmark have a long history of royal and noble titles. Historically Danish monarchs also used the titles 'King of the Wends' and 'King of the Goths'. Upon her accession to the throne in 1972 Queen Margrethe II abandoned all titles except the title 'Queen of\",\n \"title\": \"Monarchy of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9374452\",\n \"text\": \"Martha of Denmark Margaret \\\"Martha\\\" of Denmark (1277 – 2 March or 3 October 1341) was queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Birger. She was given the name Margaret ( upon her birth, but was in Sweden called Martha (), and has been known in history by that name. She was regarded as a politically influential queen and an important figure in the Håtuna games and the Nyköping Banquet. Martha was born to King Eric V of Denmark and Agnes of Brandenburg and sister of King Eric VI. In 1282, peaceful relations was resumed between the kings of\",\n \"title\": \"Martha of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5111283\",\n \"text\": \"prison in Denmark in 1559, her elder sister Dorothea assumed the title of Queen of Denmark. However, being a childless widow and no longer expected to be able to have children, Dorothea was no longer considered politically useful. The Danish loyalists, headed by the exiled Peder Oxe, therefore asked Christina to persuade Dorothea to surrender her claims to Christina and her son. Christina made Oxe a part of the Ducal council, and in 1561, she visited Dorothea, and reportedly followed his advice and convinced Dorothea to surrender her claim. After this, Christina styled herself the rightful Queen of Denmark, Norway\",\n \"title\": \"Christina of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7501808\",\n \"text\": \"the churches in Güstrow and Doberan and protected hospitals and convents. She died on return from one of her visits to Denmark. Elizabeth's granddaughter Anne of Denmark married King James I of England. Thus every British monarch since has been her direct descendant, the present Queen Elizabeth II being queen of 16 independent nations. Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg Elisabeth of Denmark (14 October 1524 – 15 October 1586) was Danish princess and a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and later of Mecklenburg-Güstrow through marriage. She was the elder daughter of King Frederick I of Denmark and his second spouse Sophie\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15356227\",\n \"text\": \"the ancient cultures of Greece and Italy, the Near East and Egypt. For example, it holds a collection of objects that were retrieved during the Danish excavation of Tell Shemshara in Iraq in 1957. Exhibits are also shown on who the Danish people are and were, stories of everyday life and special occasions, stories of the Danish state and nation, but most of all stories of different people’s lives in Denmark from 1560 to 2000. The Danish pre-history section was re-opened in May 2008 after years of renovating. In 2013, a major exhibition on the Vikings was opened by Queen\",\n \"title\": \"National Museum of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9513505\",\n \"text\": \"Sophia of Denmark Sophia of Denmark (\\\"Sofia Eriksdotter\\\"; 1241–1286) was Queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Valdemar of Sweden. Sophia was the eldest daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and Jutta of Saxony. She had no brothers, but three sisters, Ingeborg of Denmark, Agnes and Jutta of Denmark. Her father was murdered in 1250 when she and her sisters were children. As he left no son, he was succeeded by his brother Abel of Denmark, and then in 1252 by his second brother Christopher I of Denmark. The marriage between Sophia of Denmark and the Valdemar I of\",\n \"title\": \"Sophia of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5434782\",\n \"text\": \"Princess Elisabeth of Denmark Princess Elisabeth of Denmark, (\\\"Elisabeth Caroline-Mathilde Alexandrine Helena Olga Thyra Feodora Estrid Margrethe Désirée\\\"; 8 May 1935 – 19 June 2018) was the daughter of Hereditary Prince Knud and Hereditary Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark, and a first cousin of the present Danish monarch, Queen Margrethe II. As a first cousin of Queen Margrethe II, she was 12th in the line of succession to the Danish throne at the time of her death. She never married and held the title of \\\"Prinsesse til Danmark\\\" (literally translated as \\\"Princess to Denmark\\\", which is reserved for those members of\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Elisabeth of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15106033\",\n \"text\": \"same time, Agnes supposedly married her cousin Eric Longbone, Lord of Langeland. Sophia died in 1286. Jutta of Denmark Jutta of Denmark also known as \\\"Judith\\\" (1246-1286/95) was a daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and his wife Jutta of Saxony. She was a younger sister of Queen Sophia of Sweden, and Queen Ingeborg of Norway, as well as an older sister of Agnes. Jutta was also mistress for a brief period of time to her brother-in-law Valdemar, King of Sweden. Jutta was a member of the House of Estridsen. In 1250, when Jutta was around four years old, her\",\n \"title\": \"Jutta of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15106030\",\n \"text\": \"Jutta of Denmark Jutta of Denmark also known as \\\"Judith\\\" (1246-1286/95) was a daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and his wife Jutta of Saxony. She was a younger sister of Queen Sophia of Sweden, and Queen Ingeborg of Norway, as well as an older sister of Agnes. Jutta was also mistress for a brief period of time to her brother-in-law Valdemar, King of Sweden. Jutta was a member of the House of Estridsen. In 1250, when Jutta was around four years old, her father was murdered. Her mother remarried to Burgrave Burchard VIII of Magdeburg. Her two eldest sisters\",\n \"title\": \"Jutta of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10104296\",\n \"text\": \"school as her older brother. Isabella is styled as \\\"Her Royal Highness\\\" Princess Isabella of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat. She has been Princess of Denmark since birth and Countess of Monpezat since 29 April 2008, when Queen Margrethe granted the title to her male-line descendants. Princess Isabella of Denmark Princess Isabella of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (Isabella Henrietta Ingrid Margrethe; born 21 April 2007), is the second child and elder daughter of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary. She is the fourth grandchild and oldest granddaughter of Queen Margrethe II and her husband, the late Prince Henrik. She was\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Isabella of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4691496\",\n \"text\": \"an heir to the Swedish throne in 1743, where the Danish candidate had lost. The engagement was met with some worry from Queen Louise, who feared that her daughter would be mistreated by the Queen of Sweden, Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. The match was known to be disliked by the Queen of Sweden, who was in constant conflict with the Parliament; and who was known in Denmark for her pride, dominant personality and hatred of anything Danish, which she demonstrated in her treatment of the Danish ambassadors in Stockholm. After the death of her mother early in her life, Sophia\",\n \"title\": \"Sophia Magdalena of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6819706\",\n \"text\": \"what makes this melodrama compelling...The movie plays like a \\\"noir cliché\\\". But Mitchum saves the day, realistically showing how a swell guy and such a competent doctor could be so vulnerable. Claude Rains as always is magnificent, in a small part but one where his every gesture seems to be constrained in a maniacal rage ready to burst open. His touch of madness is best exemplified by his mischievous smile while meeting his wife's lover.\\\" British film critic Neil Young wrote, \\\"Though inexplicably little-known these days, \\\"Where Danger Lives\\\" is an absolutely cracking little film noir with an appealingly absurd\",\n \"title\": \"Where Danger Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15060327\",\n \"text\": \"Denmark–Kazakhstan relations Denmark–Kazakhstan relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Kazakhstan. Denmark recognized Kazakhstan on December 31, 1991 and diplomatic relations were established on May 6, 1992. Neither country has a resident ambassador. Kazakhstan's ambassador to the United Kingdom is accredited to Denmark. Since 2005, the honorary consul of Denmark is Per Karlsen, with the residency in Moscow. Denmark opened a trade mission in Almaty in 2005. In 2000 an important boost to the development of bilateral relations was provided by an official visit to Denmark from President Nursultan Nazarbayev where he met with Queen Margrethe\",\n \"title\": \"Denmark–Kazakhstan relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1341455\",\n \"text\": \"Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark Prince Henrik of Denmark (; born Henri Marie Jean André de Laborde de Monpezat; 11 June 1934 – 13 February 2018) was the husband of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. Henrik was born in the French commune of Talence near Bordeaux to the old French family the Laborde de Monpezats. He spent his early years in Vietnam where his family had lived for many years. The family spent the Second World War at the family home in Cahors, France. They returned to Vietnam after the war, however were forced to flee following the defeat of\",\n \"title\": \"Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1341476\",\n \"text\": \"Danish and published several other books. Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark Prince Henrik of Denmark (; born Henri Marie Jean André de Laborde de Monpezat; 11 June 1934 – 13 February 2018) was the husband of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. Henrik was born in the French commune of Talence near Bordeaux to the old French family the Laborde de Monpezats. He spent his early years in Vietnam where his family had lived for many years. The family spent the Second World War at the family home in Cahors, France. They returned to Vietnam after the war, however were forced\",\n \"title\": \"Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1944863\",\n \"text\": \"forced to cede royal properties in southern Jutland to secure their release. In 1260, Queen Margaret had released Archbishop Erlandsen from prison thinking he would be grateful, but he subsequently issued an interdict over all of Denmark trying to force the Queen and her son, King Eric off the throne. In 1263, acting as regent of Denmark, the Queen wrote to Pope Urban IV asking him to intervene with Archbishop Erlandsen. After several years of quibbling, the Pope agreed to several items that the Queen wanted. He issued a dispensation to alter the terms of the Danish succession that would\",\n \"title\": \"Eric V of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"696086\",\n \"text\": \"all the monarch's former titles except the title to Denmark, hence her style \\\"By the Grace of God, Queen of Denmark\\\" (Danish: \\\"Margrethe den Anden, af Guds Nåde Danmarks Dronning\\\"). The Queen chose the motto: \\\"God's help, the love of The People, Denmark's strength.\\\" In her first address to the people, Queen Margrethe II said: The Queen's main tasks are to represent the Kingdom abroad and to be a unifying figure at home. She receives foreign ambassadors and awards honours and medals. The Queen performs the latter task by accepting invitations to open exhibitions, attending anniversaries, inaugurating bridges, etc. As\",\n \"title\": \"Margrethe II of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5393959\",\n \"text\": \"Canary Islands, in a house designed by her husband. She is also the niece of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and Queen Sofia of Spain. Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark (; born 10 July 1965) is the eldest child of Constantine II and Anne-Marie of Denmark, who were the last King and Queen of Greece, reigning from 1964 to 1973. Between her own birth and the birth on 20 May 1967 of her brother Pavlos, Alexia was heir presumptive to the throne of the Hellenes, then an extant monarchy. Greece's order of succession\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5079904\",\n \"text\": \"at Amalienborg Palace on 7 December 1805. Eventually, his son Christian Frederick would succeed Frederick VI as king. Prince Frederick is an important character in Norah Lofts' historical novel \\\"The Lost Queen\\\" (1969), chronicling the tragic marriage of King Christian VII and Queen Caroline Matilda. The book suggests that Frederick was himself in love with the Queen and jealous of her lover Johann Friedrich Struensee – which is not firmly attested in historical sources. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (; 11 October 1753 – 7 December 1805) was heir presumptive to the thrones of Denmark\",\n \"title\": \"Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5058533\",\n \"text\": \"who was to give the bride away. The wedding ceremony was held on 10 June 1948 in Athens, Greece, in the throne room of the Royal Palace; the ceremony was performed by Archbishop Damaskinos and King Paul of Greece served as \\\"koumbaros\\\". Guests at the wedding included: Michael's mother Helen, Queen Mother of Romania, aunts Queen Frederica, Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark, Duchess of Aosta, Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark; cousins Alexandra, Queen Consort of Yugoslavia, Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark, Crown Prince Constantine of Greece and Princess Irene of Greece and\",\n \"title\": \"Queen Anne of Romania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5434784\",\n \"text\": \"was confirmed by the Danish Royal Court that Elisabeth had died on 19 June 2018. Her cremation service took place at Lyngby Church. She is buried beside her longtime companion, Claus Hermansen, in Kongens Lyngby. Princess Elisabeth of Denmark Princess Elisabeth of Denmark, (\\\"Elisabeth Caroline-Mathilde Alexandrine Helena Olga Thyra Feodora Estrid Margrethe Désirée\\\"; 8 May 1935 – 19 June 2018) was the daughter of Hereditary Prince Knud and Hereditary Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark, and a first cousin of the present Danish monarch, Queen Margrethe II. As a first cousin of Queen Margrethe II, she was 12th in the line of\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Elisabeth of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9513515\",\n \"text\": \"guardianship of Sophia's daughter's, whose marriages he arranged. Sophia died in 1286. One source claim she was buried in Vreta Abbey, and another in Ringsted Abbey in Denmark. Her husband was imprisoned in 1288 and lived openly with mistresses in his comfortable prison until his death in 1302. Sophia had six children: Sophia of Denmark Sophia of Denmark (\\\"Sofia Eriksdotter\\\"; 1241–1286) was Queen consort of Sweden by marriage to King Valdemar of Sweden. Sophia was the eldest daughter of Eric IV of Denmark and Jutta of Saxony. She had no brothers, but three sisters, Ingeborg of Denmark, Agnes and Jutta\",\n \"title\": \"Sophia of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14023452\",\n \"text\": \"Politics of Denmark The politics of Denmark take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, a constitutional monarchy and a decentralised unitary state in which the monarch of Denmark, Queen Margrethe II, is head of state. Denmark is described as a nation state. Danish politics and governance are characterized by a common striving for broad consensus on important issues, within both the political community and society as a whole. Executive power is exercised by the cabinet of Denmark (), presided over by the Prime Minister () who is first among equals. Legislative power is vested in both the\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"677537\",\n \"text\": \"often described as hot-headed, vain, courageous, and ambitious. As a young man, Frederick II had desired to marry his mistress, Anne of Hardenberg, who had served as a lady-in-waiting to his mother, the Dowager Queen Dorothea of Denmark. He had also wooed Queen Elizabeth I of England, an initiative which made him Knight of the Garter. On 20 July 1572, he was married to Sophia of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, a descendant of King John of Denmark, and also his own first half-cousin, through their grandfather, Frederick I, King of Denmark and Norway. Sophia was the daughter of Ulrich III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow\",\n \"title\": \"Frederick II of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3521517\",\n \"text\": \"Queen Sofía of Spain Sofía of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Σοφία; born 2 November 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who served as Queen of Spain during the reign of her husband, King Juan Carlos I, from 1975 to 2014. Queen Sofía is the first child of King Paul of Greece and Frederica of Hanover. As her family was forced into exile during the Second World War, she spent part of her childhood in South Africa, returning to Greece in 1946. She completed her secondary education in a boarding school in Germany before returning to Greece where\",\n \"title\": \"Queen Sofía of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1607425\",\n \"text\": \"order to protect Queen Anna Sophie. Despite the growing weakness he set in 1730 on a muster travel, he reached Gottorp but had to return, and died in Odense, on the day after his 59th birthday. He was buried in Roskilde Cathedral, the mausoleum of Danish royalty. With his first queen, Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow: With his second wife Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg: With his third wife queen, Anne Sophie Reventlow: Frederick IV of Denmark Frederick IV (11 October 1671 – 12 October 1730) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of\",\n \"title\": \"Frederick IV of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"592784\",\n \"text\": \"Alexandra of Denmark Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Empress of India as the wife of King Edward VII. Her family had been relatively obscure until 1852, when her father, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, was chosen with the consent of the major European powers to succeed his distant cousin, Frederick VII, to the Danish throne. At the age of sixteen, she was chosen as the future wife of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, the heir apparent of Queen Victoria.\",\n \"title\": \"Alexandra of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9854564\",\n \"text\": \"crowned German queen. Gunhilda of Denmark Gunhilda of Denmark ( 1020 – 18 July 1038), a member of the House of Knýtlinga, was Queen consort of Germany by her marriage with King Henry III of the Salian dynasty from 1036 until her death. Gunhilda was a daughter of King Cnut the Great (985/95 – 1035), ruler over the Anglo-Scandinavian North Sea Empire, and his second wife Emma of Normandy (c. 985 – 1052). She was a sister of King Harthacnut. She was a paternal half-sister of King Svein Knutsson of Norway and King Harold Harefoot of England. She was also\",\n \"title\": \"Gunhilda of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12800807\",\n \"text\": \"at the disposal of the monarch. It was the residence of Hereditary Prince Knud and Hereditary Princess Caroline Mathilde and is not in official use at all at this time. Apart from these state-owned palaces, Marselisborg Palace in Aarhus is privately owned by the Queen. It functions as the summer residence of the Queen, as well as during the Easter and Christmas holidays. In the Kingdom of Denmark all members of the ruling dynasty that hold the title Prince or Princess of Denmark are said to be members of the Danish Royal Family. As with other European monarchies, distinguishing who\",\n \"title\": \"Monarchy of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16186555\",\n \"text\": \"School of Dance. Her first major gig was backing vocals on Style Council's Shout to the Top! in 1984. She appeared in musicals including Andrew Lloyd Webber’s Starlight Express and Simon Callow’s The Pajama Game. And in 1989 she made a brief appearance as an African sorceress in Bob Rafelson's film Mountains of the Moon. Swedish producer and songwriter Lati Kronlund (Lars E.C. Kronlund) picked Alison Limerick to record \\\"Where Love Lives\\\", after seeing her singing at a show at the ICA in London. She performed Billie Holiday’s 1941 classic God Bless The Child and Kronlund was in the audience.\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7501807\",\n \"text\": \"in 1551 and stayed there until her second marriage in 1556. Secondly, she married on 14 February 1556 Duke Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and had the only daughter Sophie, who married King Frederick II of Denmark in 1572. Her relationship to Ulrich is described as a happy one. Elizabeth made frequent visits to the Danish royal court, and also to her former sister in law queen dowager Dorothea. After her daughter became Queen of Denmark in 1572, her visits to Denmark became longer. She is described as kind, sensible, religious and practical. She was also active in Mecklenburg-Güstrow: she reconstructed\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16186561\",\n \"text\": \"dance/club hit in the United States, peaking at number 3 on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play in 1991. In 1996, a new remix peaked at #4 and in 2003 another remix peaked on number 16 on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart. MDA sampled the song in the track \\\"Take an E (United E Nation Mix)\\\" in 1991. 1st Prodject sampled it in 1992, in the track \\\"Right Before (Remix)\\\". DJ Red Alert & Mike Slammer sampled it in the 1993 track \\\"In Effect (The Remix)\\\". British singer Danny Litchfield covered \\\"Where Love Lives\\\" on his 2010 album\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Lives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18024154\",\n \"text\": \"The Queen Is in the Factory The Queen Is in the Factory () is a 2008 Turkish drama film, directed by Ali Kemal Güven, which follows the lives of homosexual young living together in the underbelly of Istanbul. The film didn't get distribution for various reasons. Yagmur (Dicle Kartal) is a young woman with very strict boundaries. She lives in Istanbul and works as a fashion editor. Yagmur doesn't accept the fact that her brother Bulut (Cagri Aslan) is gay. Bulut, wishing to be a play writer someday created himself a world in his home where he can play Andy\",\n \"title\": \"The Queen Is in the Factory\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9511593\",\n \"text\": \"Richeza of Denmark Richeza of Denmark (Swedish: Rikissa Valdemarsdotter; c. 1180–8 May 1220) was a medieval Queen consort of Sweden, spouse of King Eric X and mother of King Eric XI. Richeza was a daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and Sophia of Minsk. She received her first name, originally a Lotharingian-Burgundian female name, in honor of her maternal grandmother, the late Richeza of Poland. In c. 1210 the new king Eric X of Sweden, who had deposed his predecessor Sverker II, desired to build cordial and peaceful relations with Denmark, which had traditionally supported the House of Sverker, against\",\n \"title\": \"Richeza of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7195076\",\n \"text\": \"queen, Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg in 1632. In 1631 she came in conflict with her ruling brother Christian IV of Denmark over the inheritance of their wealthy mother. Her marriage to John Adolf produced eight children, four boys and four girls. Her last child, a son, did not survive infancy. Augusta of Denmark Princess Augusta of Denmark (8 April 1580 – 5 February 1639) was the third daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark and Sophia of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, and Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp as the wife of Duke John Adolf. She was politically influential during the reign of her son, Duke\",\n \"title\": \"Augusta of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"653502\",\n \"text\": \"History of Denmark The history of Denmark as a unified kingdom began in the 8th century, but historic documents describe the geographic area and the people living there— the Danes —as early as 500 AD. These early documents include the writings of Jordanes and Procopius. With the Christianization of the Danes c. 960 AD, it is clear that there existed a kingship speaking. Queen Margrethe II can trace her lineage back to the Viking kings Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth from this time, thus making the Monarchy of Denmark the oldest in Europe. The area now known as Denmark\",\n \"title\": \"History of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"690795\",\n \"text\": \"when Erik was elected King of Norway in 1392, she renounced this title in Norway, and in 1396, when he was crowned as King of Denmark and Sweden, she stopped the use of this title altogether, although she continued as Regent. She only styled herself Queen of Denmark in 1375, usually referring to herself as \\\"Margaret, by the grace of God, daughter of Valdemar King of Denmark\\\" and \\\"Denmark's rightful heir\\\" when referring to her position in Denmark. Her title in Denmark was derived from her father King Valdemar IV of Denmark. Others simply referred to her as the \\\"Lady\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret I of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13145368\",\n \"text\": \"Kyrre's half-sister, Ingegerd Haraldsdatter, married King Olaf I of Denmark, who was the brother of Queen Ingerid. Ingerid Svendsdatter was Olaf Kyrre's official consort and queen. There are not much information about her personality or her acts as queen. Queen Ingerid had no children by King Olaf. After the death of King Olav in 1093, queen dowager Ingerid, according to unconfirmed tradition, moved to Sogn and married Svein Brynjulfsson of Aurland, with whom she reportedly had a daughter, Hallkattla She seem to have retired to private life as a widow and there is nothing to indicate that she played any\",\n \"title\": \"Ingerid of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5058534\",\n \"text\": \"Denmark, the three youngest ones serving as bridesmaids and pageboy; Anne's maternal uncle Prince Erik of Denmark; Princess Nicholas of Greece and Denmark, Prince George William of Hanover and many other dignitaries. Michael's father, Prince Carol, and his sisters, Maria, Queen Mother of Yugoslavia, Princess Elisabeth of Romania (ex-Queen Consort of Greece) and Princess Ileana of Romania were notified, but not invited. As no papal dispensation was given for the marriage, when it was celebrated according to the rites of the Eastern Orthodox Church, it was deemed invalid by the Roman Catholic Church, but perfectly legal by every other authority.\",\n \"title\": \"Queen Anne of Romania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"756789\",\n \"text\": \"Olaf II of Denmark Olaf II Haakonsson (1370 – 3 August 1387) was King of Denmark as Olaf II (1376–1387) and King of Norway as Olaf IV (1380–1387). Olaf was son of King Haakon VI of Norway and the grandson of King Magnus IV of Sweden. His mother was Queen Margaret I of Denmark which made him the grandson of King Valdemar IV of Denmark. In addition to his claim on the thrones of Denmark and later Norway, he was in the direct succession line to the throne of Sweden (but for the interposition of Albert of Mecklenburg). He became\",\n \"title\": \"Olaf II of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1641884\",\n \"text\": \"to be officially greeted as king and queen of Denmark. With his wife Helvig, Valdamer IV had the following children: Evidence indicated also an illegitimate son, Erik Sjællandsfar, at on Zealand, buried in Roskilde Cathedral with a crown. However, other evidence indicate that he was a son of King Eric VI of Denmark. Valdemar IV of Denmark Valdemar IV Atterdag (the epithet meaning \\\"A New Dawn\\\"), or Waldemar (132024 October 1375; ), was King of Denmark from 1340 to 1375. He was the youngest son of King Christopher II of Denmark and Euphemia of Pomerania. He spent most of his\",\n \"title\": \"Valdemar IV of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2746115\",\n \"text\": \"he was a son of King Valdemar IV of Denmark. Eric VI of Denmark Eric VI \\\"Menved\\\" (1274 – 13 November 1319) was King of Denmark (1286–1319) and a son of King Eric V of Denmark and Queen Agnes of Brandenburg. He became king in 1286 at age 12, when his father was murdered on 22 November by unknown assailants. On account of his age, his mother ruled for him until 1294. Eric Menved’s rule was a central period during the “Age of Decay\\\" in Denmark 1241–1340. His early reign – during which he was led by his mother and\",\n \"title\": \"Eric VI of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5976942\",\n \"text\": \"dispute with the monks about the ownership to the land upon which the convent had been founded, as she considered it as an inheritance after her relative, lady Sigrid. She is claimed to have harassed the monks: a chronicle accuses her of sending women into the convent to dance naked before the monks. This forced the monks to leave the country and seek refuge in Denmark, where they founded Vitskøl Abbey (1158), a conflict for which the pope contemplated to have her excommunicated. After this, however, Christina and Eric became increasingly well-disposed to the Varnhem monks, who were able to\",\n \"title\": \"Christina of Denmark, Queen of Sweden\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5909762\",\n \"text\": \"Queen Helen, Queen Mother of Romania in 1982, to the time of her own death, she was Queen Victoria's most senior female line descendant. Her death marked the end of all female-line direct descendants of Frederick III, German Emperor and Victoria, Princess Royal. Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark and Major Richard Campbell Andrew Brandram had one child, a son: Her paternal grandparents were King George I of Greece, child of King Christian IX of Denmark, and Olga Konstantinovna of Russia. Her maternal grandparents were Frederick III, German Emperor, and the Empress Victoria, the eldest child of Queen Victoria of\",\n \"title\": \"Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"275572\",\n \"text\": \"the one shared by their husbands, and served to exacerbate the rift within the family. While Maria Feodorovna knew better than to publicly criticise both the Grand Duke and Duchess in public, Marie Pavlovna had earned the caustic epithet of \\\"Empress Vladimir\\\" from the tsarina. Nearly each summer, Maria, Alexander and their children would make an annual trip to Denmark, where her parents, King Christian IX and Queen Louise, hosted family reunions. Maria's brother, King George I, and his wife, Queen Olga, would come up from Athens with their children, and the Princess of Wales, often without her husband, would\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["copenhagen"],"string":"[\n \"copenhagen\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1786,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what did roald dahl write?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"658548","text":"children include \"James and the Giant Peach\", \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\", \"Matilda\", \"The Witches\", \"Fantastic Mr Fox\", \"The BFG\", \"The Twits\" and \"George's Marvellous Medicine\". His adult works include \"Tales of the Unexpected\". Roald Dahl was born in 1916 at Villa Marie, Fairwater Road, in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales, to Norwegian parents, Harald Dahl and Sofie Magdalene Dahl (\"née\" Hesselberg). Dahl's father had emigrated to the UK from Sarpsborg in Norway, and settled in Cardiff in the 1880s. His mother came over and married his father in 1911. Dahl was named after the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen. His first","title":"Roald Dahl"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658548\",\n \"text\": \"children include \\\"James and the Giant Peach\\\", \\\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\\\", \\\"Matilda\\\", \\\"The Witches\\\", \\\"Fantastic Mr Fox\\\", \\\"The BFG\\\", \\\"The Twits\\\" and \\\"George's Marvellous Medicine\\\". His adult works include \\\"Tales of the Unexpected\\\". Roald Dahl was born in 1916 at Villa Marie, Fairwater Road, in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales, to Norwegian parents, Harald Dahl and Sofie Magdalene Dahl (\\\"née\\\" Hesselberg). Dahl's father had emigrated to the UK from Sarpsborg in Norway, and settled in Cardiff in the 1880s. His mother came over and married his father in 1911. Dahl was named after the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen. His first\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"658602","text":"death, through Roald Dahl's Marvellous Children's Charity, formerly known as the Roald Dahl Foundation. The charity provides care and support to seriously ill children and young people throughout the UK. In June 2005, the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre in the author's home village Great Missenden was officially opened by Cherie Blair, wife of UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, to celebrate the work of Roald Dahl and advance his work in literacy education. Over 50,000 visitors from abroad, mainly from Australia, Japan, the United States and Germany, travel to the village museum every year. In 2008, the UK charity","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"6385743","text":"Dahl through his covers and illustrations for almost all modern UK editions of Dahl's books. The museum has won two major awards for education. Aylesbury hosts the Roald Dahl Festival, a procession of giant puppets based on his characters, on July 2. Roald Dahl Children's Gallery Roald Dahl Children's Gallery The Roald Dahl Children's Gallery is a children's museum that uses characters and themes from the books of Roald Dahl to stimulate children's interest in science, history and literature. It is located on Church Street, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England and was opened on 23 November 1996 by Terence Hardiman, an actor","title":"Roald Dahl Children's Gallery"},{"psg_id":"658579","text":"Berlin, who commented: \"I thought he might say anything. Could have been pro-Arab or pro-Jew. There was no consistent line. He was a man who followed whims, which meant he would blow up in one direction, so to speak.\" Amelia Foster, director of the Roald Dahl Museum in Great Missenden, says: \"This is again an example of how Dahl refused to take anything seriously, even himself. He was very angry at the Israelis. He had a childish reaction to what was going on in Israel. Dahl wanted to provoke, as he always provoked at dinner. His publisher was a Jew,","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"10879462","text":"Briggs and Ralph Steadman add visual variety to the extracts. The book also includes an excerpt from an interview given by Dahl and many letters exchanged between Dahl and family members, including Ophelia Dahl. The Roald Dahl Treasury The Roald Dahl Treasury is an anthology of works of the children's author Roald Dahl. It was first published in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Puffin Books. Included amongst excerpts from all of Dahl's children's books and some previously unpublished material, are unexpurgated colour reprints of \"The Enormous Crocodile\", \"The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me\", \"Esio Trot\" and \"The Minpins\".","title":"The Roald Dahl Treasury"},{"psg_id":"6385742","text":"Roald Dahl Children's Gallery The Roald Dahl Children's Gallery is a children's museum that uses characters and themes from the books of Roald Dahl to stimulate children's interest in science, history and literature. It is located on Church Street, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England and was opened on 23 November 1996 by Terence Hardiman, an actor popular with children due to his role as the titular role in \"The Demon Headmaster\". The building was previously a coach-house. The Roald Dahl theme is emphasised by the use of Quentin Blake graphical elements. Blake, a celebrated children's author and illustrator, is strongly associated with","title":"Roald Dahl Children's Gallery"},{"psg_id":"658609","text":"artists and photographers, Dahl was named the greatest storyteller of all time, ranking ahead of Dickens, Shakespeare, Rowling and Spielberg. In 2017, the airline Norwegian announced Dahl's image would appear on the tail fin one of their Boeing 737-800 aircraft. He is one of the company's six \"British tail fin heroes\", joining Queen frontman Freddie Mercury, England World Cup winner Bobby Moore, novelist Jane Austen, pioneering pilot Amy Johnson and aviation entrepreneur Freddie Laker. Roald Dahl Roald Dahl (; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658600","text":"Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England. According to his granddaughter, the family gave him a \"sort of Viking funeral\". He was buried with his snooker cues, some very good burgundy, chocolates, HB pencils and a power saw. Today, children continue to leave toys and flowers by his grave. In November 1996, the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery was opened at the Buckinghamshire County Museum in nearby Aylesbury. The main-belt asteroid 6223 Dahl, discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos, was named in his memory in 1996. In 2002, one of Cardiff Bay's modern landmarks, the Oval Basin plaza, was renamed \"Roald Dahl Plass\". \"Plass\"","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658546","text":"Roald Dahl Roald Dahl (; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books have sold more than 250 million copies worldwide. Born in Wales to Norwegian immigrant parents, Dahl served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He became a flying ace and intelligence officer, rising to the rank of acting wing commander. He rose to prominence as a writer in the 1940s with works for both children and adults, and he became one of the world's best-selling authors. He has been referred to","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"9005211","text":"Roald Dahl Plass Roald Dahl Plass is a public space in Cardiff Bay, Cardiff, Wales. It is named after Cardiff-born author Roald Dahl, and is located on the coast along the south of the city centre. The square is home to the Senedd (Welsh Assembly Building) and the Wales Millennium Centre, a performing arts centre. The bowl-like shape of the space has made it a popular amphitheatre for hosting open-air concerts. Formerly named the Oval Basin and known as the Bowl, the area was one of the docks for a thriving coal port during the latter half the 19th century","title":"Roald Dahl Plass"},{"psg_id":"8947584","text":"finally married his complete 1980s adult output. Jeremy Treglown's introductory essay was replaced by short pieces by authors Anthony Horowitz and Charlie Higson. Roald Dahl: Collected Stories Roald Dahl: Collected Stories is a hardcover edition of short-stories by Roald Dahl for adults. It was published in the US in October 2006 by Random House as part of the Everyman Library. The present volume includes for the first time all the stories in chronological order as established by Dahl's biographer, Jeremy Treglown, in consultation with the Dahl estate. A few of the short stories were not published chronologically in book form,","title":"Roald Dahl: Collected Stories"},{"psg_id":"8947582","text":"Roald Dahl: Collected Stories Roald Dahl: Collected Stories is a hardcover edition of short-stories by Roald Dahl for adults. It was published in the US in October 2006 by Random House as part of the Everyman Library. The present volume includes for the first time all the stories in chronological order as established by Dahl's biographer, Jeremy Treglown, in consultation with the Dahl estate. A few of the short stories were not published chronologically in book form, but appeared later, collected in \"More Tales of the Unexpected\" (1980). The collection contains all of the short stories published in the following","title":"Roald Dahl: Collected Stories"},{"psg_id":"658599","text":"had introduced readers to many motifs that were common in his writing. The series was an anthology of different tales, initially based on Dahl's short stories. The stories were sometimes sinister, sometimes wryly comedic and usually had a twist ending. Dahl introduced on camera all the episodes of the first two series, which bore the full title \"Roald Dahl's Tales of the Unexpected\". Roald Dahl died on 23 November 1990, at the age of 74 of a rare cancer of the blood, myelodysplastic syndrome, in Oxford, and was buried in the cemetery at St Peter and St Paul's Church in","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"10879461","text":"The Roald Dahl Treasury The Roald Dahl Treasury is an anthology of works of the children's author Roald Dahl. It was first published in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Puffin Books. Included amongst excerpts from all of Dahl's children's books and some previously unpublished material, are unexpurgated colour reprints of \"The Enormous Crocodile\", \"The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me\", \"Esio Trot\" and \"The Minpins\". The book includes a large volume of illustrations by Quentin Blake, with some specially commissioned for the project and some appearing for the first time in colour. A selection of guest illustrators including Raymond","title":"The Roald Dahl Treasury"},{"psg_id":"7740433","text":"Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety was published in 1991 by the British Railways Board. The British Railways Board had asked Roald Dahl to write the text of the booklet, and Quentin Blake to illustrate it, to help young people enjoy using the railways safely. The booklet is structured as a conversation with children. In the introduction, Dahl laments that adults are always telling children what to do and what not to do, and says he would not have agreed to write the booklet, which tells children what to do, if not for the","title":"Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety"},{"psg_id":"19333127","text":"Roald Dahl bibliography Roald Dahl (1916–1990) was a British author and scriptwriter, and \"the most popular writer of children's books since Enid Blyton\", according to Philip Howard, the literary editor of \"The Times\". The death of an elder sister and his father within a few months when he was three gave his writing \"a black savagery\". He was raised by his Norwegian mother, who took him on annual trips to Norway, where she told him the stories of trolls and witches present in the dark Scandinavian fables. Dahl was influenced by the stories, and returned to many of the themes","title":"Roald Dahl bibliography"},{"psg_id":"9005217","text":"of its headquarters, Torchwood Three, based under the square, to monitor alien activity through the rift. The Water Tower has prominently featured in both of the BBC Wales flagship shows. The base of the fountain can be seen passing through the building, and one of the paving tiles in the square is a decoy which hides an \"invisible lift\" leading down to the base. This base was effectively destroyed in \"\" but the Plass was seen for a brief moment at the end of the first episode of \".\" Roald Dahl Plass Roald Dahl Plass is a public space in","title":"Roald Dahl Plass"},{"psg_id":"9005215","text":"was unveiled 13 July 2002 to commemorate the rename of the Oval Basin to Roald Dahl Plass. Roald Dahl Plass is today an oval shaped open space surrounded by illuminated pillars and a gravel covering over the original dock area. The place is often used to host concerts and other cultural events, and was a central part of Cardiff's bid for European Capital of Culture status for 2008, although it ultimately lost the bid to Liverpool. At the north end of the plass is the Water Tower, which stands at approximately high with an intermittent stream of water running down","title":"Roald Dahl Plass"},{"psg_id":"658569","text":"write down some RAF anecdotes so that he could shape them into a story. After Forester read what Dahl had given him, he decided to publish the story exactly as Dahl had written it. He originally titled the article as \"A Piece of Cake\" but the magazine changed it to \"Shot Down Over Libya\" to make it sound more dramatic, although Dahl had not been shot down; it was published in the 1 August 1942 issue of the \"Post\". Dahl was promoted to flight lieutenant (war-substantive) in August 1942. Later he worked with such other well-known British officers as Ian","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658603","text":"Booktrust and Children's Laureate Michael Rosen inaugurated The Roald Dahl Funny Prize, an annual award to authors of humorous children's fiction. On 14 September 2009 (the day after what would have been Dahl's 93rd birthday) the first blue plaque in his honour was unveiled in Llandaff. Rather than commemorating his place of birth, however, the plaque was erected on the wall of the former sweet shop (and site of \"The Great Mouse Plot of 1924\") that features in the first part of his autobiography \"Boy\". It was unveiled by his widow Felicity and son Theo. The anniversary of Dahl's birthday","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"7740435","text":"to pupils in 1991, often alongside video presentations of railway safety films, such as \"Robbie\". Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety was published in 1991 by the British Railways Board. The British Railways Board had asked Roald Dahl to write the text of the booklet, and Quentin Blake to illustrate it, to help young people enjoy using the railways safely. The booklet is structured as a conversation with children. In the introduction, Dahl laments that adults are always telling children what to do and what not to do, and says he would not have","title":"Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety"},{"psg_id":"658596","text":"many distractions in his house, Dahl remembered the poet Dylan Thomas had found a peaceful shed to write in close to home. Dahl travelled to visit Thomas's hut in Carmarthenshire, Wales in the 1950s and, after taking a look inside, decided to make a replica of it to write in. Dahl was also a huge fan of ghost stories and claimed that \"Trolls\" by Jonas Lie was one of the finest ghost stories ever written. While he was still a youngster, his mother, Sofie Dahl, would relate traditional Norwegian myths and legends from her native homeland to Dahl and his","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658593","text":"his new words on familiar sounds, adding: In 2016, marking the centenary of Dahl's birth, Rennie compiled \"The Oxford Roald Dahl Dictionary\" which includes many of his invented words and their meaning. Rennie commented that some of Dahl's words have already escaped his world, for example, \"Scrumdiddlyumptious\": \"Food that is utterly delicious\". In his poetry, Dahl gives a humorous re-interpretation of well-known nursery rhymes and fairy tales, providing surprise endings in place of the traditional happily-ever-after. Dahl's collection of poems \"Revolting Rhymes\" is recorded in audiobook form, and narrated by actor Alan Cumming. For a brief period in the 1960s,","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"9005213","text":"genitive case, in this case as \"Roald Dahl\"s\" plass\" (literally, \"Roald Dahl's square\"). The word \"plass\" is not capitalized in modern (post-1907) Norwegian. The area was originally all wetlands owned by John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute. He was persuaded to finance construction of the dock on his land at a cost of over £ 350,000. The dock opened under the name \"West Bute Dock\" on 8 October 1839, and was over 1400 yards (1280 m) long and 200 feet (60 m) wide, allowing 300 vessels to berth at any time. The dock was joined by four others: East Bute","title":"Roald Dahl Plass"},{"psg_id":"19333132","text":"Awards' Children's Author of the Year in 1990. In 2008 \"The Times\" placed Dahl 16th on its list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\". He has been referred to by an anonymous writer for \"The Independent\" as \"one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century\" On Dahl's death in 1990, Howard considered him \"one of the most widely read and influential writers of our generation\". Many of Dahl's works were used as the basis for films or television programmes. The following are where he is credited as the writer of the performed script. Roald Dahl","title":"Roald Dahl bibliography"},{"psg_id":"658601","text":"is Norwegian for \"place\" or \"square\", alluding to the writer's Norwegian roots. There have also been calls from the public for a permanent statue of him to be erected in Cardiff. In 2016, the city celebrated the centenary of Dahl's birth in Llandaff. Welsh Arts organisations, including National Theatre Wales, Wales Millennium Centre and Literature Wales, came together for a series of events, titled Roald Dahl 100, including a Cardiff-wide City of the Unexpected, which marked his legacy. Dahl's charitable commitments in the fields of neurology, haematology and literacy during his life have been continued by his widow since his","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658584","text":"his death (see List of Roald Dahl short stories). His three Edgar Awards were given for: in 1954, the collection \"Someone Like You\"; in 1959, the story \"The Landlady\"; and in 1980, the episode of \"Tales of the Unexpected\" based on \"Skin\". One of his more famous adult stories, \"The Smoker\", also known as \"Man from the South\", was filmed twice as both 1960 and 1985 episodes of \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\", and also adapted into Quentin Tarantino's segment of the 1995 film \"Four Rooms\". This oft-anthologised classic concerns a man in Jamaica who wagers with visitors in an attempt to","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"15167743","text":"bull. Mr Rummins is an expert at helping the mating process, in which he can guarantee the gender of the offspring. Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl is a 1989 short story collection by Roald Dahl. The book is a collection of seven of Dahl's stories published in various magazines and collections in the 1940s and 1950s. Containing a lot of black humour, the book contains sickening and grotesque stories about ratcatching, maggot breeding, poaching, and the mysteries and eccentricities of rural life. The","title":"Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"15167742","text":"Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl is a 1989 short story collection by Roald Dahl. The book is a collection of seven of Dahl's stories published in various magazines and collections in the 1940s and 1950s. Containing a lot of black humour, the book contains sickening and grotesque stories about ratcatching, maggot breeding, poaching, and the mysteries and eccentricities of rural life. The first story “Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life” talks about the trouble of taking a cow to be mated with a prime","title":"Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658573","text":"Theo Dahl was severely injured when his baby carriage was struck by a taxicab in New York City. For a time, he suffered from hydrocephalus. As a result, his father became involved in the development of what became known as the \"Wade-Dahl-Till\" (or WDT) valve, a device to alleviate the condition. The valve was a collaboration between Dahl, hydraulic engineer Stanley Wade, and London's Great Ormond Street Hospital neurosurgeon Kenneth Till, and was used successfully on almost 3,000 children around the world. In November 1962, Dahl's daughter Olivia died of measles encephalitis, age seven. Her death left Dahl \"limp with","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658570","text":"Fleming (who later published the popular \"James Bond\" series) and David Ogilvy, promoting Britain's interests and message in the US and combating the \"America First\" movement. This work introduced Dahl to espionage and the activities of the Canadian spymaster William Stephenson, known by the codename \"Intrepid\". During the war, Dahl supplied intelligence from Washington to Prime Minister Winston Churchill. As Dahl later said: \"My job was to try to help Winston to get on with FDR, and tell Winston what was in the old boy's mind.\" Dahl also supplied intelligence to Stephenson and his organisation, known as British Security Coordination,","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658568","text":"was to help neutralise the isolationist views still held by many Americans by giving pro-British speeches and discussing his war service; the United States had entered the war only the previous December, following the attack on Pearl Harbor. At this time Dahl met the noted British novelist C. S. Forester, who was also working to aid the British war effort. Forester worked for the British Ministry of Information and was writing propaganda for the Allied cause, mainly for American consumption. \"The Saturday Evening Post\" had asked Forester to write a story based on Dahl's flying experiences; Forester asked Dahl to","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"19333129","text":"Instead of the notes which Forester expected, Dahl sent a finished story for which he was paid $900. The work led to \"The Gremlins\", a serialised story in \"Cosmopolitan\" about a mischievous and fictional RAF creature, the gremlin; the work was published as Dahl's first novel in 1943. Dahl continued to write short stories, although these were all aimed at the adult market. They were sold to magazines and newspapers, and were later compiled into collections, the first of which was published in 1946. Dahl began to make up bedtime stories for the children, and these formed the basis of","title":"Roald Dahl bibliography"},{"psg_id":"658575","text":"be so absolutely sure that other creatures did not get the same special treatment as us. I sat there wondering if this great and famous churchman really knew what he was talking about and whether he knew anything at all about God or heaven, and if he didn't, then who in the world did? In 1965, his wife Patricia Neal suffered three burst cerebral aneurysms while pregnant with their fifth child, Lucy. Dahl took control of her rehabilitation over the next months; Neal had to re-learn to talk and walk, but she managed to return to her acting career. This","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"9005216","text":"the metallic fountain. The tower was also designed by Nicholas Hare Architects in conjunction with the sculptor, William Pye. The tower has also become known as the \"Torchwood Tower\" (and postcards published using that name), because it marked the location and entrance of the fictitious 'Torchwood Hub' of the BBC television Doctor Who spin-off series, \"Torchwood\". Roald Dahl Plass first appears in \"Boom Town\", an episode of the long running, sci-fi drama \"Doctor Who\". In the show's universe, a \"spatial-temporal\" rift runs through Cardiff. The plaza later appears in \"Doctor Who\"'s spin-off series \"Torchwood\". The fictional Torchwood Institute has one","title":"Roald Dahl Plass"},{"psg_id":"15170826","text":"Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories (1983) is a collection of ghost stories chosen by Roald Dahl. Dahl read 749 supernatural tales from an array of writers at the British Museum before choosing 14 that he considered the best. In the book Dahl writes; \"Spookiness is, after all, the real purpose of the ghost story\". He initially did this while working to develop an American television programme that would feature dramatisations of these stories. He wrote a pilot based on E. F. Benson's \"The Hanging of Alfred Wadham\", that was then filmed, but when","title":"Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories"},{"psg_id":"5287528","text":"It is run by an independent registered charity. In 2008 the museum won the \"Best Small Visitor Attraction\" award from Enjoy England, the website of the country's official tourist board. Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre The museum was officially opened on 10 June 2005 by Cherie Blair and open to the public on 11 June 2005. It is housed in an old coaching inn and yard, which has been converted into a museum at a cost of £4.5 million. Funding was provided by the Dahl family, Dahl's publishers, charitable foundations and corporate and private donors. The museum houses all","title":"Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre"},{"psg_id":"5287527","text":"Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre The museum was officially opened on 10 June 2005 by Cherie Blair and open to the public on 11 June 2005. It is housed in an old coaching inn and yard, which has been converted into a museum at a cost of £4.5 million. Funding was provided by the Dahl family, Dahl's publishers, charitable foundations and corporate and private donors. The museum houses all of Dahl's main papers: his manuscripts, business and personal correspondence and his \"Ideas Books\". It also offers regular workshops and hosts events that help to enhance creativity and writing skills.","title":"Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre"},{"psg_id":"658554","text":"place in May 1933, a year after Fisher had left Repton; the headmaster was in fact J. T. Christie, Fisher's successor.) Dahl said the incident caused him to \"have doubts about religion and even about God\". He was never seen as a particularly talented writer in his school years, with one of his English teachers writing in his school report \"I have never met anybody who so persistently writes words meaning the exact opposite of what is intended.\" Dahl was exceptionally tall, reaching in adult life. He played sports including cricket, football and golf, and was made captain of the","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"7752893","text":"of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World\", Tracy Kidder's book describing the work of the organization and the life of Dr. Farmer. In December 2006, Ophelia Dahl and Paul Farmer received the Union Medal from Union Theological Seminary in New York. Dahl and the Partners in Health team is featured in the 2017 documentary film, Bending The Arc. Dahl is the daughter of actress Patricia Neal and author Roald Dahl. Dahl contributed to the 2003 book \"The Roald Dahl Treasury\", a collection of her father's stories, memoirs, letters and poetry, and is currently writing a memoir","title":"Ophelia Dahl"},{"psg_id":"3561423","text":"Tessa Dahl Chantal Sophia \"Tessa\" Dahl (born 11 April 1957) is an English author and former actress. She is the daughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal. Dahl was born in Oxford, the daughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal. She grew up in Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, and attended Roedean and Downe House schools, the Elizabeth Russell Cookery School and the Herbert Bergof Acting Studio. Dahl has worked as an actress, modeled, worked at an antique shop, worked at an employment agency and written articles for \"Tatler\" before publishing her first novel,","title":"Tessa Dahl"},{"psg_id":"15170827","text":"producers saw the film they were concerned that it would offend American Catholics, due to the story being about the stipulations of confession. As a result the show was cancelled, and years later Dahl decided to use his research to make a book. Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories (1983) is a collection of ghost stories chosen by Roald Dahl. Dahl read 749 supernatural tales from an array of writers at the British Museum before choosing 14 that he considered the best. In the book Dahl writes; \"Spookiness is, after all, the real purpose","title":"Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories"},{"psg_id":"658580","text":"his agent was a Jew... and he thought nothing but good things of them. He asked me to be his managing director, and I'm Jewish.\" In the 1986 New Years Honours List, Dahl was offered an appointment to Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), but turned it down. He reportedly wanted a knighthood so that his wife would be Lady Dahl. In 2012, Dahl was featured in the list of \"The New Elizabethans\" to mark the diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. A panel of seven academics, journalists and historians named Dahl among the group of people","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658559","text":"Dahl enjoyed watching the wildlife of Kenya during his flights. He continued to advanced flying training in Iraq, at RAF Habbaniya, west of Baghdad. Following six months' training on Hawker Harts, Dahl was commissioned as a pilot officer on 24 August 1940, and was judged ready to join a squadron and face the enemy. He was assigned to No. 80 Squadron RAF, flying obsolete Gloster Gladiators, the last biplane fighter aircraft used by the RAF. Dahl was surprised to find that he would not receive any specialised training in aerial combat, or in flying Gladiators. On 19 September 1940, Dahl","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658552","text":"of Dahl's birth, his letters to his mother were abridged and broadcast as BBC Radio 4's \"Book of the Week\". Dahl wrote about his time at St Peter's in his autobiography \"Boy: Tales of Childhood\". From 1929, when he was 13, Dahl attended Repton School in Derbyshire. Dahl disliked the hazing and described an environment of ritual cruelty and status domination, with younger boys having to act as personal servants for older boys, frequently subject to terrible beatings. His biographer Donald Sturrock described these violent experiences in Dahl's early life. Dahl expresses some of these darker experiences in his writings,","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658592","text":"fox family in \"Fantastic Mr Fox\" and the trolls in \"The Minpins\". Receiving the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, Dahl encouraged his children and his readers to let their imagination run free. His daughter Lucy stated \"his spirit was so large and so big he taught us to believe in magic.\" Dahl was also famous for his inventive, playful use of language, which was a key element to his writing. He would invent new words by scribbling down his words before swapping letters around and adopting spoonerisms and malapropisms. The lexicographer Dr Susan Rennie stated that Dahl built","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658576","text":"period of their lives was dramatised in the film \"The Patricia Neal Story\" (1981), in which the couple were played by Glenda Jackson and Dirk Bogarde. Neal and Dahl divorced in 1983. He married Felicity d'Abreu Crosland, niece of Francis D'Abreu who was married to Margaret Ann Bowes Lyon - 1st cousin of the late Queen Mother, at Brixton Town Hall, South London. Dahl and Crosland had previously been in a relationship. Liccy gave up her job and moved into \"Gipsy House\", Great Missenden in Buckinghamshire, which had been Dahl's home since 1954. In 1983 Dahl reviewed Tony Clifton's \"God","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658571","text":"which was part of MI6. Dahl was once sent back to Britain by British Embassy officials, supposedly for misconduct—\"I got booted out by the big boys,\" he said. Stephenson promptly sent him back to Washington—with a promotion to wing commander rank. Toward the end of the war, Dahl wrote some of the history of the secret organisation; he and Stephenson remained friends for decades after the war. Upon the war's conclusion, Dahl held the rank of a temporary wing commander (substantive flight lieutenant). Owing to the severity of his injuries from the 1940 accident, he was pronounced unfit for further","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658567","text":"killed. I had been flying around, seeing horrible things. Now, almost instantly, I found myself in the middle of a pre-war cocktail party in America.\" Dahl was unimpressed by his office in the British Air Mission, attached to the embassy. He was also unimpressed by the ambassador, Lord Halifax, with whom he sometimes played tennis and whom he described as \"a courtly English gentleman\". Dahl socialized with Charles E. Marsh, a Texas publisher and oilman, at his house at 2136 R Street, NW, and the Marsh country estate in Virginia. As part of his duties as assistant air attaché, Dahl","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658566","text":"arrived in Halifax, Canada, on 14 April, after which he took a sleeper train to Montreal. Coming from war-starved Britain, Dahl was amazed by the wealth of food and amenities to be had in North America. Arriving in Washington a week later, Dahl found he liked the atmosphere of the US capital. He shared a house with another attaché at 1610 34th Street, NW, in Georgetown. But after ten days in his new posting, Dahl strongly disliked it, feeling he had taken on \"a most ungodly unimportant job.\" He later explained, \"I'd just come from the war. People were getting","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658564","text":"every side\". In May, as the Germans were pressing on Athens, Dahl was evacuated to Egypt. His squadron was reassembled in Haifa. From there, Dahl flew sorties every day for a period of four weeks, shooting down a Vichy French Air Force Potez 63 on 8 June and another Ju 88 on 15 June, but he began to get severe headaches that caused him to black out. He was invalided home to Britain. Though at this time Dahl was only a pilot officer on probation, in September 1941 he was simultaneously confirmed as a pilot officer and promoted to war","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"769518","text":"Sophie Dahl Sophie Dahl (born Sophie Holloway; 15 September 1977) is a British author and former fashion model. Dahl was born Sophie Holloway in London to the actor Julian Holloway and the writer Tessa Dahl. As a child, Sophie attended 10 schools and lived in 17 homes in various locations including London, New York, and India. Dahl often spent time at both her maternal and paternal grandparents' houses in Great Missenden and Angmering respectively. Dahl has noted that her childhood was \"an odd one, but with such magic\". Her maternal grandparents were the children’s author Roald Dahl and the American","title":"Sophie Dahl"},{"psg_id":"19923644","text":"LGBT community, women empowerment, women's health care. In 2014, Dahl became engaged to Australian actress Ruby Rose; they split up and called off their engagement in December 2015. In February 2017, Dahl began dating DJ and former model Tatiana de Leon. Phoebe Dahl Phoebe Patricia Faircloth, known as Phoebe Dahl, (born 4 November 1988) is a British-American fashion designer, philanthropist, and activist. She is the granddaughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal. Dahl began her career in Amsterdam working as an assistant to Dutch fashion designer Jackie Villevoye before returning to Los Angeles in 2013. Dahl","title":"Phoebe Dahl"},{"psg_id":"769525","text":"Bruce Bernard, and the writer Jeffrey Bernard. Dahl's maternal grandparents were the author Roald Dahl and the American actress Patricia Neal. On 9 January 2010 Dahl married the singer Jamie Cullum. They had their first child, a daughter named Lyra, on 2 March 2011; she was followed by a second daughter, Margot, on 4 March 2013. Sophie Dahl Sophie Dahl (born Sophie Holloway; 15 September 1977) is a British author and former fashion model. Dahl was born Sophie Holloway in London to the actor Julian Holloway and the writer Tessa Dahl. As a child, Sophie attended 10 schools and lived","title":"Sophie Dahl"},{"psg_id":"7752894","text":"of her father. She is a trustee of the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre, a registered charity with the mission of \"telling Roald Dahl’s life story, to care for his archive and to promote a love of creative writing in everyone.\" Dahl graduated from Wellesley College as a Davis Scholar and delivered Wellesley's 2006 commencement address. In 2011, she was named by the \"Boston Globe\" as one of the three Bostonians of the Year, along with her Partners in Health co-founder, Paul Farmer and a senior member of Partners in Health, Louise Ivers. This was mainly due to her","title":"Ophelia Dahl"},{"psg_id":"19923642","text":"Phoebe Dahl Phoebe Patricia Faircloth, known as Phoebe Dahl, (born 4 November 1988) is a British-American fashion designer, philanthropist, and activist. She is the granddaughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal. Dahl began her career in Amsterdam working as an assistant to Dutch fashion designer Jackie Villevoye before returning to Los Angeles in 2013. Dahl founded Faircloth & Supply in late 2012 after a trip to Japan and India, but it was not until she returned to Los Angeles in 2013 that she launched it. In 2014, she collaborated with the Australian model and television presenter","title":"Phoebe Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658583","text":"writer of macabre adult short stories, which often blended humour and innocence with surprising plot twists. The Mystery Writers of America presented Dahl with three Edgar Awards for his work, and many were originally written for American magazines such as \"Collier's\" (\"The Collector's Item\" was \"Collier's\" Star Story of the week for 4 September 1948), \"Ladies Home Journal\", \"Harper's\", \"Playboy\" and \"The New Yorker\". Works such as \"Kiss Kiss\" subsequently collected Dahl's stories into anthologies, and gained significant popularity. Dahl wrote more than 60 short stories; they have appeared in numerous collections, some only being published in book form after","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658577","text":"Cried\", a picture book about the siege of West Beirut by the Israeli army during the 1982 Lebanon War. He wrote that the book would make readers \"violently anti-Israeli\", stating: \"I am not anti-Semitic. I am anti-Israel.\" Dahl told a reporter in 1983: \"There's a trait in the Jewish character that does provoke animosity ... I mean there is always a reason why anti-anything crops up anywhere; even a stinker like Hitler didn't just pick on them for no reason.\" In 1990, during an interview with \"The Independent,\" Dahl explained that his issue with Israel began when they invaded Lebanon","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658565","text":"substantive flying officer. After being invalided home, Dahl was posted to an RAF training camp in Uxbridge. He attempted to recover his health enough to become an instructor. In late March 1942, while in London, he met the Under-Secretary of State for Air, Major Harold Balfour (later Lord Balfour), at his club. Impressed by Dahl's war record and conversational abilities, Balfour appointed the young man as assistant air attaché at the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. Initially resistant, Dahl was finally persuaded by Balfour to accept, and took passage on the SS \"Batori\" from Glasgow a few days later. He","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658563","text":"April in another air battle, he shot down another Ju 88. On 20 April 1941, Dahl took part in the Battle of Athens, alongside the highest-scoring British Commonwealth ace of World War II, Pat Pattle, and Dahl's friend David Coke. Of 12 Hurricanes involved, five were shot down and four of their pilots killed, including Pattle. Greek observers on the ground counted 22 German aircraft downed, but because of the confusion of the aerial engagement, none of the pilots knew which aircraft they had shot down. Dahl described it as \"an endless blur of enemy fighters whizzing towards me from","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658562","text":"80 Squadron had been transferred to the Greek campaign and based at Eleusina, near Athens. The squadron was now equipped with Hawker Hurricanes. Dahl flew a replacement Hurricane across the Mediterranean Sea in April 1941, after seven hours' experience flying Hurricanes. By this stage in the Greek campaign, the RAF had only 18 combat aircraft in Greece: 14 Hurricanes and four Bristol Blenheim light bombers. Dahl flew in his first aerial combat on 15 April 1941, while flying alone over the city of Chalcis. He attacked six Junkers Ju 88s that were bombing ships and shot one down. On 16","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658558","text":"the British made plans to round up the hundreds of Germans living in Dar-es-Salaam. Dahl was commissioned as a lieutenant into the King's African Rifles, commanding a platoon of Askari men, indigenous troops who were serving in the colonial army. In November 1939, Dahl joined the Royal Air Force as an aircraftman with service number 774022. After a car journey from Dar es Salaam to Nairobi, he was accepted for flight training with sixteen other men; only three others of these survived the war. With seven hours and 40 minutes experience in a De Havilland Tiger Moth, he flew solo;","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658550","text":"considered the world's best. Dahl first attended the Cathedral School, Llandaff. At the age of eight, he and four of his friends (one named Thwaites) were caned by the headmaster after putting a dead mouse in a jar of gobstoppers at the local sweet shop, which was owned by a \"mean and loathsome\" old woman called Mrs Pratchett. The five boys named their prank the \"Great Mouse Plot of 1924\". Gobstoppers were a favourite sweet among British schoolboys between the two World Wars, and Dahl would refer to them in his creation, Everlasting Gobstopper, which was featured in \"Charlie and","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658549","text":"language was Norwegian, which he spoke at home with his parents and his sisters Astri, Alfhild and Else. Dahl and his sisters were raised in the Lutheran faith, and were baptised at the Norwegian Church, Cardiff, where their parents worshipped. In 1920, when Dahl was three years old, his seven-year-old sister, Astri, died from appendicitis. Weeks later, his father died of pneumonia at the age of 57. With the option of returning to Norway to live with relatives, Dahl's mother decided to remain in Wales. Her husband Harald had wanted their children to be educated in British schools, which he","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"4358723","text":"6223 Dahl 6223 Dahl, provisional designation , is a carbonaceous asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometres in diameter. It was discovered on 3 September 1980, by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos at Kleť Observatory near České Budějovice in the Czech Republic. The asteroid was named after author of children's books, Roald Dahl. \"Dahl\" orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.4–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,653 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery","title":"6223 Dahl"},{"psg_id":"12196320","text":"De Novo Dahl De Novo Dahl is an Indie rock group from Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Formed in 2001, they were signed to Roadrunner Records and released from their contract in 2009. They are currently signed to Theory 8 Records. The band was formed in 2001 by Joel Dahl, Serai Zaffiro, Derek Sandidge, Joey Andrews, Jon Schneck (later replaced by David Carney), and Mark Bond. The band took their name from the Latin words for \"The New\" and the last name of author Roald Dahl. Keyboardist Mark Bond left the group amicably in 2006 and now plays keyboard for The Features. He","title":"De Novo Dahl"},{"psg_id":"19333128","text":"in his children's books. His mother also nurtured a passion in the young Dahl for reading and literature. During the Second World War Dahl was a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF) until he crashed in the Libyan desert; the subsequent injuries left him unfit to fly. He was posted to Washington as an assistant air attaché, ostensibly a diplomatic post, but which also included espionage and propaganda work. In 1942 the writer C.S. Forester asked him to provide details of his experiences in North Africa which Forester hoped to use in an article in \"The Saturday Evening Post\".","title":"Roald Dahl bibliography"},{"psg_id":"12220149","text":"Wade-Dahl-Till valve The Wade-Dahl-Till (WDT) valve is a cerebral shunt developed in 1962 by hydraulic engineer Stanley Wade, author Roald Dahl, and neurosurgeon Kenneth Till. In 1960, Dahl's son Theo developed hydrocephalus after being struck by a car. A standard Holter shunt was installed to drain excess fluid from his brain. However, the shunt jammed too often, causing pain and blindness, risking brain damage and requiring emergency surgery. Till, neurosurgeon at London's Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, determined that debris accumulated in the hydrocephalic ventricles could clog the slits in the Holter valves, especially with patients such as Theo","title":"Wade-Dahl-Till valve"},{"psg_id":"658606","text":"active imagination: \"It's very important that we preserve the tradition of allowing young children to run free with their imaginations and magic and imagination are the same thing.\" Actress Scarlett Johansson named \"Fantastic Mr Fox\" one of the five books that made a difference to her. Regarded as \"one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century\", Dahl was named by \"The Times\" one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945. He ranks amongst the world's best-selling fiction authors with sales estimated at over 250 million, and his books have been published in almost 60 languages. In","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658588","text":"from the point of view of a child. They typically involve adult villains who hate and mistreat children, and feature at least one \"good\" adult to counteract the villain(s). These stock characters are possibly a reference to the abuse that Dahl stated that he experienced in the boarding schools he attended. Dahl's books see the triumph of the child; children's book critic Amanda Craig said, \"He was unequivocal that it is the good, young and kind who triumph over the old, greedy and the wicked.\" While his whimsical fantasy stories feature an underlying warm sentiment, they are often juxtaposed with","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658578","text":"in 1982: “they killed 22,000 civilians when they bombed Beirut. It was very much hushed up in the newspapers because they are primarily Jewish-owned. I’m certainly anti-Israeli and I’ve become antisemitic in as much as that you get a Jewish person in another country like England strongly supporting Zionism.” As a result of these views, in 2014 the Royal Mint decided not to produced a coin to commemorate the centenary of Dahl's birth because he was considered to be \"associated with antisemitism and not regarded as an author of the highest reputation\". Dahl had Jewish friends, including philosopher Sir Isaiah","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658561","text":"rescued and taken to a first-aid post in Mersa Matruh, where he regained consciousness, but not his sight. He was transported by train to the Royal Navy hospital in Alexandria. There he fell in and out of love with a nurse, Mary Welland. A RAF inquiry into the crash revealed that the location to which he had been told to fly was completely wrong, and he had mistakenly been sent instead to the no man's land between the Allied and Italian forces. In February 1941, Dahl was discharged from hospital and passed fully fit for flying duties. By this time,","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658560","text":"was ordered to fly his Gladiator by stages from Abu Sueir (near Ismailia, in Egypt) to 80 Squadron's forward airstrip south of Mersa Matruh. On the final leg he could not find the airstrip and, running low on fuel and with night approaching, he was forced to attempt a landing in the desert. The undercarriage hit a boulder and the aircraft crashed. Dahl's skull was fractured and his nose was smashed; he was temporarily blinded. He managed to drag himself away from the blazing wreckage and passed out. He wrote about the crash in his first published work. Dahl was","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658557","text":"the and hiked through Newfoundland with the Public Schools Exploring Society. In July 1934, Dahl joined the Shell Petroleum Company. Following two years of training in the United Kingdom, he was assigned first to Mombasa, Kenya, then to Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika (now Tanzania). Along with the only two other Shell employees in the entire territory, he lived in luxury in the Shell House outside Dar es Salaam, with a cook and personal servants. While out on assignments supplying oil to customers across Tanganyika, he encountered black mambas and lions, among other wildlife. In August 1939, as the Second World War loomed,","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658556","text":"of his summer holidays with his mother's family in Norway. He wrote about many happy memories from those visits in \"Boy: Tales of Childhood\", such as when he replaced the tobacco in his half–sister's fiancé's pipe with goat droppings. He noted only one unhappy memory of his holidays in Norway: at around the age of eight, he had to have his adenoids removed by a doctor. His childhood and first job selling kerosene in Midsomer Norton and surrounding villages in Somerset are subjects in \"Boy: Tales of Childhood\". After finishing his schooling, in August 1934 Dahl crossed the Atlantic on","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658553","text":"which is also marked by his hatred of cruelty and corporal punishment. According to \"Boy: Tales of Childhood\", a friend named Michael was viciously caned by headmaster Geoffrey Fisher. Writing in that same book, Dahl reflected: “All through my school life I was appalled by the fact that masters and senior boys were allowed literally to wound other boys, and sometimes quite severely... I couldn’t get over it. I never have got over it.” The master was later selected as the Archbishop of Canterbury and crowned Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. (According to Dahl's biographer Jeremy Treglown, the caning took","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658551","text":"the Chocolate Factory\". Dahl transferred to a boarding school in England: St Peter's in Weston-super-Mare. His parents had wanted him to be educated at an English public school and, because of the regular ferry link across the Bristol Channel, this proved to be the nearest. Dahl's time at St Peter's was unpleasant; he was very homesick and wrote to his mother every week but never revealed his unhappiness to her. After her death in 1967, he learned that she had saved every one of his letters, in small bundles held together with green tape. In 2016, to mark the centenary","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658547","text":"as \"one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century\". His awards for contribution to literature include the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, and the British Book Awards' Children's Author of the Year in 1990. In 2008, \"The Times\" placed Dahl 16th on its list of \"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\". Dahl's short stories are known for their unexpected endings, and his children's books for their unsentimental, macabre, often darkly comic mood, featuring villainous adult enemies of the child characters. His books champion the kindhearted, and feature an underlying warm sentiment. Dahl's works for","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"658572","text":"service and was invalided out of the RAF in August 1946. He left the service with the substantive rank of squadron leader. His record of five aerial victories, qualifying him as a flying ace, has been confirmed by post-war research and cross-referenced in Axis records. It is most likely that he scored more than those victories during 20 April 1941, when 22 German aircraft were shot down. Dahl married American actress Patricia Neal on 2 July 1953 at Trinity Church in New York City. Their marriage lasted for 30 years and they had five children: On 5 December 1960, four-month-old","title":"Roald Dahl"},{"psg_id":"16363899","text":"Z. Schlueter. Ryan Dahl gave the following reason for moving on from the project: After leaving the Node.js project, Ryan Dahl went on to write the foreword for \"Node: Up and Running\", a 2012 O'Reilly book written by Tom Hughes-Croucher and Mike Wilson, where he stated that he had recovered from his initial reservations about the technology: In a talk on \"10 Things I Regret About Node.js\" Dahl announced Deno, a Node.js-incompatible TypeScript runtime for V8. Ryan Dahl Ryan Dahl is a software engineer and inventor of Node.js. Dahl (1980 or 1981) grew up in San Diego, California. His mother","title":"Ryan Dahl"},{"psg_id":"19333131","text":"In 1982 Dahl published the first of three editions of poems—all aimed at children. The following year he edited a book of ghost stories. He also wrote several works of non-fiction, including three autobiographies, a cookery book, a safety leaflet for the British railways and a book on measles, which was about the death of his daughter Olivia from measles encephalitis. As at 2015, Dahl's works have been translated into 59 languages and have sold more than 200 million books worldwide. His awards for contribution to literature include the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, and the British Book","title":"Roald Dahl bibliography"},{"psg_id":"6515265","text":"I Write What I Like I Write What I Like (full name \"I Write What I Like: Selected Writings by Steve Biko\") is a compilation of writings from anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko. \"I Write What I Like\" contains a selection of Biko's writings from 1969, when he became the president of the South African Student Organisation, to 1972, when he was prohibited from publishing. Originally published in 1978, the book was republished in 1987 and April 2002. The book's title was taken from the title under which he had published his writings in the SASO newsletter under the pseudonym Frank","title":"I Write What I Like"},{"psg_id":"680742","text":"and the Great Glass Elevator\", was written by Roald Dahl in 1971 and published in 1972. Dahl had also planned to write a third book in the series but never finished it. The story was originally inspired by Roald Dahl's experience of chocolate companies during his schooldays. Cadbury would often send test packages to the schoolchildren in exchange for their opinions on the new products. At that time (around the 1920s), Cadbury and Rowntree's were England's two largest chocolate makers and they each often tried to steal trade secrets by sending spies, posing as employees, into the other's factory. Because","title":"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory"},{"psg_id":"6386921","text":"his Subaru outside her house. In 1976, Dahl's ex-wife told him about an opening for a morning show in Detroit, Michigan on WABX. He managed to secure the job, despite the fact that he did not think he was good enough for it (he later learned that the station was owned by the same company his ex-wife worked for). At WABX, Dahl learned as much as he could about what constituted \"good radio\" and also began experimenting with his content. His popularity increased to the point that he achieved a 7.2 market share. During his time at WABX, Dahl was","title":"Steve Dahl"},{"psg_id":"15721808","text":"What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? Diet in Biblical Times is a 2008 book by Nathan MacDonald that discusses the foods eaten by Israelites during the time that the Bible was written. MacDonald, a theologian who serves as a lecturer at St Andrews University, used biblical texts as well as archaeological and anthropological evidence in his attempts to determine the diet of the Israelites. MacDonald decided to write the book while writing another book on the symbolism of food in the Hebrew Bible that contained a chapter on the diet of the Israelites. Nathan","title":"What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658602\",\n \"text\": \"death, through Roald Dahl's Marvellous Children's Charity, formerly known as the Roald Dahl Foundation. The charity provides care and support to seriously ill children and young people throughout the UK. In June 2005, the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre in the author's home village Great Missenden was officially opened by Cherie Blair, wife of UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, to celebrate the work of Roald Dahl and advance his work in literacy education. Over 50,000 visitors from abroad, mainly from Australia, Japan, the United States and Germany, travel to the village museum every year. In 2008, the UK charity\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6385743\",\n \"text\": \"Dahl through his covers and illustrations for almost all modern UK editions of Dahl's books. The museum has won two major awards for education. Aylesbury hosts the Roald Dahl Festival, a procession of giant puppets based on his characters, on July 2. Roald Dahl Children's Gallery Roald Dahl Children's Gallery The Roald Dahl Children's Gallery is a children's museum that uses characters and themes from the books of Roald Dahl to stimulate children's interest in science, history and literature. It is located on Church Street, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England and was opened on 23 November 1996 by Terence Hardiman, an actor\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl Children's Gallery\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658579\",\n \"text\": \"Berlin, who commented: \\\"I thought he might say anything. Could have been pro-Arab or pro-Jew. There was no consistent line. He was a man who followed whims, which meant he would blow up in one direction, so to speak.\\\" Amelia Foster, director of the Roald Dahl Museum in Great Missenden, says: \\\"This is again an example of how Dahl refused to take anything seriously, even himself. He was very angry at the Israelis. He had a childish reaction to what was going on in Israel. Dahl wanted to provoke, as he always provoked at dinner. His publisher was a Jew,\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10879462\",\n \"text\": \"Briggs and Ralph Steadman add visual variety to the extracts. The book also includes an excerpt from an interview given by Dahl and many letters exchanged between Dahl and family members, including Ophelia Dahl. The Roald Dahl Treasury The Roald Dahl Treasury is an anthology of works of the children's author Roald Dahl. It was first published in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Puffin Books. Included amongst excerpts from all of Dahl's children's books and some previously unpublished material, are unexpurgated colour reprints of \\\"The Enormous Crocodile\\\", \\\"The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me\\\", \\\"Esio Trot\\\" and \\\"The Minpins\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"The Roald Dahl Treasury\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6385742\",\n \"text\": \"Roald Dahl Children's Gallery The Roald Dahl Children's Gallery is a children's museum that uses characters and themes from the books of Roald Dahl to stimulate children's interest in science, history and literature. It is located on Church Street, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England and was opened on 23 November 1996 by Terence Hardiman, an actor popular with children due to his role as the titular role in \\\"The Demon Headmaster\\\". The building was previously a coach-house. The Roald Dahl theme is emphasised by the use of Quentin Blake graphical elements. Blake, a celebrated children's author and illustrator, is strongly associated with\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl Children's Gallery\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658609\",\n \"text\": \"artists and photographers, Dahl was named the greatest storyteller of all time, ranking ahead of Dickens, Shakespeare, Rowling and Spielberg. In 2017, the airline Norwegian announced Dahl's image would appear on the tail fin one of their Boeing 737-800 aircraft. He is one of the company's six \\\"British tail fin heroes\\\", joining Queen frontman Freddie Mercury, England World Cup winner Bobby Moore, novelist Jane Austen, pioneering pilot Amy Johnson and aviation entrepreneur Freddie Laker. Roald Dahl Roald Dahl (; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658600\",\n \"text\": \"Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, England. According to his granddaughter, the family gave him a \\\"sort of Viking funeral\\\". He was buried with his snooker cues, some very good burgundy, chocolates, HB pencils and a power saw. Today, children continue to leave toys and flowers by his grave. In November 1996, the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery was opened at the Buckinghamshire County Museum in nearby Aylesbury. The main-belt asteroid 6223 Dahl, discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos, was named in his memory in 1996. In 2002, one of Cardiff Bay's modern landmarks, the Oval Basin plaza, was renamed \\\"Roald Dahl Plass\\\". \\\"Plass\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658546\",\n \"text\": \"Roald Dahl Roald Dahl (; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books have sold more than 250 million copies worldwide. Born in Wales to Norwegian immigrant parents, Dahl served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. He became a flying ace and intelligence officer, rising to the rank of acting wing commander. He rose to prominence as a writer in the 1940s with works for both children and adults, and he became one of the world's best-selling authors. He has been referred to\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9005211\",\n \"text\": \"Roald Dahl Plass Roald Dahl Plass is a public space in Cardiff Bay, Cardiff, Wales. It is named after Cardiff-born author Roald Dahl, and is located on the coast along the south of the city centre. The square is home to the Senedd (Welsh Assembly Building) and the Wales Millennium Centre, a performing arts centre. The bowl-like shape of the space has made it a popular amphitheatre for hosting open-air concerts. Formerly named the Oval Basin and known as the Bowl, the area was one of the docks for a thriving coal port during the latter half the 19th century\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl Plass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8947584\",\n \"text\": \"finally married his complete 1980s adult output. Jeremy Treglown's introductory essay was replaced by short pieces by authors Anthony Horowitz and Charlie Higson. Roald Dahl: Collected Stories Roald Dahl: Collected Stories is a hardcover edition of short-stories by Roald Dahl for adults. It was published in the US in October 2006 by Random House as part of the Everyman Library. The present volume includes for the first time all the stories in chronological order as established by Dahl's biographer, Jeremy Treglown, in consultation with the Dahl estate. A few of the short stories were not published chronologically in book form,\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl: Collected Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8947582\",\n \"text\": \"Roald Dahl: Collected Stories Roald Dahl: Collected Stories is a hardcover edition of short-stories by Roald Dahl for adults. It was published in the US in October 2006 by Random House as part of the Everyman Library. The present volume includes for the first time all the stories in chronological order as established by Dahl's biographer, Jeremy Treglown, in consultation with the Dahl estate. A few of the short stories were not published chronologically in book form, but appeared later, collected in \\\"More Tales of the Unexpected\\\" (1980). The collection contains all of the short stories published in the following\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl: Collected Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658599\",\n \"text\": \"had introduced readers to many motifs that were common in his writing. The series was an anthology of different tales, initially based on Dahl's short stories. The stories were sometimes sinister, sometimes wryly comedic and usually had a twist ending. Dahl introduced on camera all the episodes of the first two series, which bore the full title \\\"Roald Dahl's Tales of the Unexpected\\\". Roald Dahl died on 23 November 1990, at the age of 74 of a rare cancer of the blood, myelodysplastic syndrome, in Oxford, and was buried in the cemetery at St Peter and St Paul's Church in\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10879461\",\n \"text\": \"The Roald Dahl Treasury The Roald Dahl Treasury is an anthology of works of the children's author Roald Dahl. It was first published in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Puffin Books. Included amongst excerpts from all of Dahl's children's books and some previously unpublished material, are unexpurgated colour reprints of \\\"The Enormous Crocodile\\\", \\\"The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me\\\", \\\"Esio Trot\\\" and \\\"The Minpins\\\". The book includes a large volume of illustrations by Quentin Blake, with some specially commissioned for the project and some appearing for the first time in colour. A selection of guest illustrators including Raymond\",\n \"title\": \"The Roald Dahl Treasury\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7740433\",\n \"text\": \"Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety was published in 1991 by the British Railways Board. The British Railways Board had asked Roald Dahl to write the text of the booklet, and Quentin Blake to illustrate it, to help young people enjoy using the railways safely. The booklet is structured as a conversation with children. In the introduction, Dahl laments that adults are always telling children what to do and what not to do, and says he would not have agreed to write the booklet, which tells children what to do, if not for the\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19333127\",\n \"text\": \"Roald Dahl bibliography Roald Dahl (1916–1990) was a British author and scriptwriter, and \\\"the most popular writer of children's books since Enid Blyton\\\", according to Philip Howard, the literary editor of \\\"The Times\\\". The death of an elder sister and his father within a few months when he was three gave his writing \\\"a black savagery\\\". He was raised by his Norwegian mother, who took him on annual trips to Norway, where she told him the stories of trolls and witches present in the dark Scandinavian fables. Dahl was influenced by the stories, and returned to many of the themes\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9005217\",\n \"text\": \"of its headquarters, Torchwood Three, based under the square, to monitor alien activity through the rift. The Water Tower has prominently featured in both of the BBC Wales flagship shows. The base of the fountain can be seen passing through the building, and one of the paving tiles in the square is a decoy which hides an \\\"invisible lift\\\" leading down to the base. This base was effectively destroyed in \\\"\\\" but the Plass was seen for a brief moment at the end of the first episode of \\\".\\\" Roald Dahl Plass Roald Dahl Plass is a public space in\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl Plass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9005215\",\n \"text\": \"was unveiled 13 July 2002 to commemorate the rename of the Oval Basin to Roald Dahl Plass. Roald Dahl Plass is today an oval shaped open space surrounded by illuminated pillars and a gravel covering over the original dock area. The place is often used to host concerts and other cultural events, and was a central part of Cardiff's bid for European Capital of Culture status for 2008, although it ultimately lost the bid to Liverpool. At the north end of the plass is the Water Tower, which stands at approximately high with an intermittent stream of water running down\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl Plass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658569\",\n \"text\": \"write down some RAF anecdotes so that he could shape them into a story. After Forester read what Dahl had given him, he decided to publish the story exactly as Dahl had written it. He originally titled the article as \\\"A Piece of Cake\\\" but the magazine changed it to \\\"Shot Down Over Libya\\\" to make it sound more dramatic, although Dahl had not been shot down; it was published in the 1 August 1942 issue of the \\\"Post\\\". Dahl was promoted to flight lieutenant (war-substantive) in August 1942. Later he worked with such other well-known British officers as Ian\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658603\",\n \"text\": \"Booktrust and Children's Laureate Michael Rosen inaugurated The Roald Dahl Funny Prize, an annual award to authors of humorous children's fiction. On 14 September 2009 (the day after what would have been Dahl's 93rd birthday) the first blue plaque in his honour was unveiled in Llandaff. Rather than commemorating his place of birth, however, the plaque was erected on the wall of the former sweet shop (and site of \\\"The Great Mouse Plot of 1924\\\") that features in the first part of his autobiography \\\"Boy\\\". It was unveiled by his widow Felicity and son Theo. The anniversary of Dahl's birthday\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7740435\",\n \"text\": \"to pupils in 1991, often alongside video presentations of railway safety films, such as \\\"Robbie\\\". Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety was published in 1991 by the British Railways Board. The British Railways Board had asked Roald Dahl to write the text of the booklet, and Quentin Blake to illustrate it, to help young people enjoy using the railways safely. The booklet is structured as a conversation with children. In the introduction, Dahl laments that adults are always telling children what to do and what not to do, and says he would not have\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl's Guide to Railway Safety\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658596\",\n \"text\": \"many distractions in his house, Dahl remembered the poet Dylan Thomas had found a peaceful shed to write in close to home. Dahl travelled to visit Thomas's hut in Carmarthenshire, Wales in the 1950s and, after taking a look inside, decided to make a replica of it to write in. Dahl was also a huge fan of ghost stories and claimed that \\\"Trolls\\\" by Jonas Lie was one of the finest ghost stories ever written. While he was still a youngster, his mother, Sofie Dahl, would relate traditional Norwegian myths and legends from her native homeland to Dahl and his\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658593\",\n \"text\": \"his new words on familiar sounds, adding: In 2016, marking the centenary of Dahl's birth, Rennie compiled \\\"The Oxford Roald Dahl Dictionary\\\" which includes many of his invented words and their meaning. Rennie commented that some of Dahl's words have already escaped his world, for example, \\\"Scrumdiddlyumptious\\\": \\\"Food that is utterly delicious\\\". In his poetry, Dahl gives a humorous re-interpretation of well-known nursery rhymes and fairy tales, providing surprise endings in place of the traditional happily-ever-after. Dahl's collection of poems \\\"Revolting Rhymes\\\" is recorded in audiobook form, and narrated by actor Alan Cumming. For a brief period in the 1960s,\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9005213\",\n \"text\": \"genitive case, in this case as \\\"Roald Dahl\\\"s\\\" plass\\\" (literally, \\\"Roald Dahl's square\\\"). The word \\\"plass\\\" is not capitalized in modern (post-1907) Norwegian. The area was originally all wetlands owned by John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute. He was persuaded to finance construction of the dock on his land at a cost of over £ 350,000. The dock opened under the name \\\"West Bute Dock\\\" on 8 October 1839, and was over 1400 yards (1280 m) long and 200 feet (60 m) wide, allowing 300 vessels to berth at any time. The dock was joined by four others: East Bute\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl Plass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19333132\",\n \"text\": \"Awards' Children's Author of the Year in 1990. In 2008 \\\"The Times\\\" placed Dahl 16th on its list of \\\"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\\\". He has been referred to by an anonymous writer for \\\"The Independent\\\" as \\\"one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century\\\" On Dahl's death in 1990, Howard considered him \\\"one of the most widely read and influential writers of our generation\\\". Many of Dahl's works were used as the basis for films or television programmes. The following are where he is credited as the writer of the performed script. Roald Dahl\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658601\",\n \"text\": \"is Norwegian for \\\"place\\\" or \\\"square\\\", alluding to the writer's Norwegian roots. There have also been calls from the public for a permanent statue of him to be erected in Cardiff. In 2016, the city celebrated the centenary of Dahl's birth in Llandaff. Welsh Arts organisations, including National Theatre Wales, Wales Millennium Centre and Literature Wales, came together for a series of events, titled Roald Dahl 100, including a Cardiff-wide City of the Unexpected, which marked his legacy. Dahl's charitable commitments in the fields of neurology, haematology and literacy during his life have been continued by his widow since his\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658584\",\n \"text\": \"his death (see List of Roald Dahl short stories). His three Edgar Awards were given for: in 1954, the collection \\\"Someone Like You\\\"; in 1959, the story \\\"The Landlady\\\"; and in 1980, the episode of \\\"Tales of the Unexpected\\\" based on \\\"Skin\\\". One of his more famous adult stories, \\\"The Smoker\\\", also known as \\\"Man from the South\\\", was filmed twice as both 1960 and 1985 episodes of \\\"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\\\", and also adapted into Quentin Tarantino's segment of the 1995 film \\\"Four Rooms\\\". This oft-anthologised classic concerns a man in Jamaica who wagers with visitors in an attempt to\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15167743\",\n \"text\": \"bull. Mr Rummins is an expert at helping the mating process, in which he can guarantee the gender of the offspring. Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl is a 1989 short story collection by Roald Dahl. The book is a collection of seven of Dahl's stories published in various magazines and collections in the 1940s and 1950s. Containing a lot of black humour, the book contains sickening and grotesque stories about ratcatching, maggot breeding, poaching, and the mysteries and eccentricities of rural life. The\",\n \"title\": \"Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15167742\",\n \"text\": \"Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl is a 1989 short story collection by Roald Dahl. The book is a collection of seven of Dahl's stories published in various magazines and collections in the 1940s and 1950s. Containing a lot of black humour, the book contains sickening and grotesque stories about ratcatching, maggot breeding, poaching, and the mysteries and eccentricities of rural life. The first story “Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life” talks about the trouble of taking a cow to be mated with a prime\",\n \"title\": \"Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life: The Country Stories of Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658573\",\n \"text\": \"Theo Dahl was severely injured when his baby carriage was struck by a taxicab in New York City. For a time, he suffered from hydrocephalus. As a result, his father became involved in the development of what became known as the \\\"Wade-Dahl-Till\\\" (or WDT) valve, a device to alleviate the condition. The valve was a collaboration between Dahl, hydraulic engineer Stanley Wade, and London's Great Ormond Street Hospital neurosurgeon Kenneth Till, and was used successfully on almost 3,000 children around the world. In November 1962, Dahl's daughter Olivia died of measles encephalitis, age seven. Her death left Dahl \\\"limp with\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658570\",\n \"text\": \"Fleming (who later published the popular \\\"James Bond\\\" series) and David Ogilvy, promoting Britain's interests and message in the US and combating the \\\"America First\\\" movement. This work introduced Dahl to espionage and the activities of the Canadian spymaster William Stephenson, known by the codename \\\"Intrepid\\\". During the war, Dahl supplied intelligence from Washington to Prime Minister Winston Churchill. As Dahl later said: \\\"My job was to try to help Winston to get on with FDR, and tell Winston what was in the old boy's mind.\\\" Dahl also supplied intelligence to Stephenson and his organisation, known as British Security Coordination,\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658568\",\n \"text\": \"was to help neutralise the isolationist views still held by many Americans by giving pro-British speeches and discussing his war service; the United States had entered the war only the previous December, following the attack on Pearl Harbor. At this time Dahl met the noted British novelist C. S. Forester, who was also working to aid the British war effort. Forester worked for the British Ministry of Information and was writing propaganda for the Allied cause, mainly for American consumption. \\\"The Saturday Evening Post\\\" had asked Forester to write a story based on Dahl's flying experiences; Forester asked Dahl to\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19333129\",\n \"text\": \"Instead of the notes which Forester expected, Dahl sent a finished story for which he was paid $900. The work led to \\\"The Gremlins\\\", a serialised story in \\\"Cosmopolitan\\\" about a mischievous and fictional RAF creature, the gremlin; the work was published as Dahl's first novel in 1943. Dahl continued to write short stories, although these were all aimed at the adult market. They were sold to magazines and newspapers, and were later compiled into collections, the first of which was published in 1946. Dahl began to make up bedtime stories for the children, and these formed the basis of\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658575\",\n \"text\": \"be so absolutely sure that other creatures did not get the same special treatment as us. I sat there wondering if this great and famous churchman really knew what he was talking about and whether he knew anything at all about God or heaven, and if he didn't, then who in the world did? In 1965, his wife Patricia Neal suffered three burst cerebral aneurysms while pregnant with their fifth child, Lucy. Dahl took control of her rehabilitation over the next months; Neal had to re-learn to talk and walk, but she managed to return to her acting career. This\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9005216\",\n \"text\": \"the metallic fountain. The tower was also designed by Nicholas Hare Architects in conjunction with the sculptor, William Pye. The tower has also become known as the \\\"Torchwood Tower\\\" (and postcards published using that name), because it marked the location and entrance of the fictitious 'Torchwood Hub' of the BBC television Doctor Who spin-off series, \\\"Torchwood\\\". Roald Dahl Plass first appears in \\\"Boom Town\\\", an episode of the long running, sci-fi drama \\\"Doctor Who\\\". In the show's universe, a \\\"spatial-temporal\\\" rift runs through Cardiff. The plaza later appears in \\\"Doctor Who\\\"'s spin-off series \\\"Torchwood\\\". The fictional Torchwood Institute has one\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl Plass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15170826\",\n \"text\": \"Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories (1983) is a collection of ghost stories chosen by Roald Dahl. Dahl read 749 supernatural tales from an array of writers at the British Museum before choosing 14 that he considered the best. In the book Dahl writes; \\\"Spookiness is, after all, the real purpose of the ghost story\\\". He initially did this while working to develop an American television programme that would feature dramatisations of these stories. He wrote a pilot based on E. F. Benson's \\\"The Hanging of Alfred Wadham\\\", that was then filmed, but when\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5287528\",\n \"text\": \"It is run by an independent registered charity. In 2008 the museum won the \\\"Best Small Visitor Attraction\\\" award from Enjoy England, the website of the country's official tourist board. Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre The museum was officially opened on 10 June 2005 by Cherie Blair and open to the public on 11 June 2005. It is housed in an old coaching inn and yard, which has been converted into a museum at a cost of £4.5 million. Funding was provided by the Dahl family, Dahl's publishers, charitable foundations and corporate and private donors. The museum houses all\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5287527\",\n \"text\": \"Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre The museum was officially opened on 10 June 2005 by Cherie Blair and open to the public on 11 June 2005. It is housed in an old coaching inn and yard, which has been converted into a museum at a cost of £4.5 million. Funding was provided by the Dahl family, Dahl's publishers, charitable foundations and corporate and private donors. The museum houses all of Dahl's main papers: his manuscripts, business and personal correspondence and his \\\"Ideas Books\\\". It also offers regular workshops and hosts events that help to enhance creativity and writing skills.\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658554\",\n \"text\": \"place in May 1933, a year after Fisher had left Repton; the headmaster was in fact J. T. Christie, Fisher's successor.) Dahl said the incident caused him to \\\"have doubts about religion and even about God\\\". He was never seen as a particularly talented writer in his school years, with one of his English teachers writing in his school report \\\"I have never met anybody who so persistently writes words meaning the exact opposite of what is intended.\\\" Dahl was exceptionally tall, reaching in adult life. He played sports including cricket, football and golf, and was made captain of the\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7752893\",\n \"text\": \"of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World\\\", Tracy Kidder's book describing the work of the organization and the life of Dr. Farmer. In December 2006, Ophelia Dahl and Paul Farmer received the Union Medal from Union Theological Seminary in New York. Dahl and the Partners in Health team is featured in the 2017 documentary film, Bending The Arc. Dahl is the daughter of actress Patricia Neal and author Roald Dahl. Dahl contributed to the 2003 book \\\"The Roald Dahl Treasury\\\", a collection of her father's stories, memoirs, letters and poetry, and is currently writing a memoir\",\n \"title\": \"Ophelia Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3561423\",\n \"text\": \"Tessa Dahl Chantal Sophia \\\"Tessa\\\" Dahl (born 11 April 1957) is an English author and former actress. She is the daughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal. Dahl was born in Oxford, the daughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal. She grew up in Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, and attended Roedean and Downe House schools, the Elizabeth Russell Cookery School and the Herbert Bergof Acting Studio. Dahl has worked as an actress, modeled, worked at an antique shop, worked at an employment agency and written articles for \\\"Tatler\\\" before publishing her first novel,\",\n \"title\": \"Tessa Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15170827\",\n \"text\": \"producers saw the film they were concerned that it would offend American Catholics, due to the story being about the stipulations of confession. As a result the show was cancelled, and years later Dahl decided to use his research to make a book. Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories (1983) is a collection of ghost stories chosen by Roald Dahl. Dahl read 749 supernatural tales from an array of writers at the British Museum before choosing 14 that he considered the best. In the book Dahl writes; \\\"Spookiness is, after all, the real purpose\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658580\",\n \"text\": \"his agent was a Jew... and he thought nothing but good things of them. He asked me to be his managing director, and I'm Jewish.\\\" In the 1986 New Years Honours List, Dahl was offered an appointment to Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), but turned it down. He reportedly wanted a knighthood so that his wife would be Lady Dahl. In 2012, Dahl was featured in the list of \\\"The New Elizabethans\\\" to mark the diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. A panel of seven academics, journalists and historians named Dahl among the group of people\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658559\",\n \"text\": \"Dahl enjoyed watching the wildlife of Kenya during his flights. He continued to advanced flying training in Iraq, at RAF Habbaniya, west of Baghdad. Following six months' training on Hawker Harts, Dahl was commissioned as a pilot officer on 24 August 1940, and was judged ready to join a squadron and face the enemy. He was assigned to No. 80 Squadron RAF, flying obsolete Gloster Gladiators, the last biplane fighter aircraft used by the RAF. Dahl was surprised to find that he would not receive any specialised training in aerial combat, or in flying Gladiators. On 19 September 1940, Dahl\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658552\",\n \"text\": \"of Dahl's birth, his letters to his mother were abridged and broadcast as BBC Radio 4's \\\"Book of the Week\\\". Dahl wrote about his time at St Peter's in his autobiography \\\"Boy: Tales of Childhood\\\". From 1929, when he was 13, Dahl attended Repton School in Derbyshire. Dahl disliked the hazing and described an environment of ritual cruelty and status domination, with younger boys having to act as personal servants for older boys, frequently subject to terrible beatings. His biographer Donald Sturrock described these violent experiences in Dahl's early life. Dahl expresses some of these darker experiences in his writings,\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658592\",\n \"text\": \"fox family in \\\"Fantastic Mr Fox\\\" and the trolls in \\\"The Minpins\\\". Receiving the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, Dahl encouraged his children and his readers to let their imagination run free. His daughter Lucy stated \\\"his spirit was so large and so big he taught us to believe in magic.\\\" Dahl was also famous for his inventive, playful use of language, which was a key element to his writing. He would invent new words by scribbling down his words before swapping letters around and adopting spoonerisms and malapropisms. The lexicographer Dr Susan Rennie stated that Dahl built\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658576\",\n \"text\": \"period of their lives was dramatised in the film \\\"The Patricia Neal Story\\\" (1981), in which the couple were played by Glenda Jackson and Dirk Bogarde. Neal and Dahl divorced in 1983. He married Felicity d'Abreu Crosland, niece of Francis D'Abreu who was married to Margaret Ann Bowes Lyon - 1st cousin of the late Queen Mother, at Brixton Town Hall, South London. Dahl and Crosland had previously been in a relationship. Liccy gave up her job and moved into \\\"Gipsy House\\\", Great Missenden in Buckinghamshire, which had been Dahl's home since 1954. In 1983 Dahl reviewed Tony Clifton's \\\"God\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658571\",\n \"text\": \"which was part of MI6. Dahl was once sent back to Britain by British Embassy officials, supposedly for misconduct—\\\"I got booted out by the big boys,\\\" he said. Stephenson promptly sent him back to Washington—with a promotion to wing commander rank. Toward the end of the war, Dahl wrote some of the history of the secret organisation; he and Stephenson remained friends for decades after the war. Upon the war's conclusion, Dahl held the rank of a temporary wing commander (substantive flight lieutenant). Owing to the severity of his injuries from the 1940 accident, he was pronounced unfit for further\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658567\",\n \"text\": \"killed. I had been flying around, seeing horrible things. Now, almost instantly, I found myself in the middle of a pre-war cocktail party in America.\\\" Dahl was unimpressed by his office in the British Air Mission, attached to the embassy. He was also unimpressed by the ambassador, Lord Halifax, with whom he sometimes played tennis and whom he described as \\\"a courtly English gentleman\\\". Dahl socialized with Charles E. Marsh, a Texas publisher and oilman, at his house at 2136 R Street, NW, and the Marsh country estate in Virginia. As part of his duties as assistant air attaché, Dahl\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658566\",\n \"text\": \"arrived in Halifax, Canada, on 14 April, after which he took a sleeper train to Montreal. Coming from war-starved Britain, Dahl was amazed by the wealth of food and amenities to be had in North America. Arriving in Washington a week later, Dahl found he liked the atmosphere of the US capital. He shared a house with another attaché at 1610 34th Street, NW, in Georgetown. But after ten days in his new posting, Dahl strongly disliked it, feeling he had taken on \\\"a most ungodly unimportant job.\\\" He later explained, \\\"I'd just come from the war. People were getting\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658564\",\n \"text\": \"every side\\\". In May, as the Germans were pressing on Athens, Dahl was evacuated to Egypt. His squadron was reassembled in Haifa. From there, Dahl flew sorties every day for a period of four weeks, shooting down a Vichy French Air Force Potez 63 on 8 June and another Ju 88 on 15 June, but he began to get severe headaches that caused him to black out. He was invalided home to Britain. Though at this time Dahl was only a pilot officer on probation, in September 1941 he was simultaneously confirmed as a pilot officer and promoted to war\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"769518\",\n \"text\": \"Sophie Dahl Sophie Dahl (born Sophie Holloway; 15 September 1977) is a British author and former fashion model. Dahl was born Sophie Holloway in London to the actor Julian Holloway and the writer Tessa Dahl. As a child, Sophie attended 10 schools and lived in 17 homes in various locations including London, New York, and India. Dahl often spent time at both her maternal and paternal grandparents' houses in Great Missenden and Angmering respectively. Dahl has noted that her childhood was \\\"an odd one, but with such magic\\\". Her maternal grandparents were the children’s author Roald Dahl and the American\",\n \"title\": \"Sophie Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19923644\",\n \"text\": \"LGBT community, women empowerment, women's health care. In 2014, Dahl became engaged to Australian actress Ruby Rose; they split up and called off their engagement in December 2015. In February 2017, Dahl began dating DJ and former model Tatiana de Leon. Phoebe Dahl Phoebe Patricia Faircloth, known as Phoebe Dahl, (born 4 November 1988) is a British-American fashion designer, philanthropist, and activist. She is the granddaughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal. Dahl began her career in Amsterdam working as an assistant to Dutch fashion designer Jackie Villevoye before returning to Los Angeles in 2013. Dahl\",\n \"title\": \"Phoebe Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"769525\",\n \"text\": \"Bruce Bernard, and the writer Jeffrey Bernard. Dahl's maternal grandparents were the author Roald Dahl and the American actress Patricia Neal. On 9 January 2010 Dahl married the singer Jamie Cullum. They had their first child, a daughter named Lyra, on 2 March 2011; she was followed by a second daughter, Margot, on 4 March 2013. Sophie Dahl Sophie Dahl (born Sophie Holloway; 15 September 1977) is a British author and former fashion model. Dahl was born Sophie Holloway in London to the actor Julian Holloway and the writer Tessa Dahl. As a child, Sophie attended 10 schools and lived\",\n \"title\": \"Sophie Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7752894\",\n \"text\": \"of her father. She is a trustee of the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre, a registered charity with the mission of \\\"telling Roald Dahl’s life story, to care for his archive and to promote a love of creative writing in everyone.\\\" Dahl graduated from Wellesley College as a Davis Scholar and delivered Wellesley's 2006 commencement address. In 2011, she was named by the \\\"Boston Globe\\\" as one of the three Bostonians of the Year, along with her Partners in Health co-founder, Paul Farmer and a senior member of Partners in Health, Louise Ivers. This was mainly due to her\",\n \"title\": \"Ophelia Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19923642\",\n \"text\": \"Phoebe Dahl Phoebe Patricia Faircloth, known as Phoebe Dahl, (born 4 November 1988) is a British-American fashion designer, philanthropist, and activist. She is the granddaughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal. Dahl began her career in Amsterdam working as an assistant to Dutch fashion designer Jackie Villevoye before returning to Los Angeles in 2013. Dahl founded Faircloth & Supply in late 2012 after a trip to Japan and India, but it was not until she returned to Los Angeles in 2013 that she launched it. In 2014, she collaborated with the Australian model and television presenter\",\n \"title\": \"Phoebe Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658583\",\n \"text\": \"writer of macabre adult short stories, which often blended humour and innocence with surprising plot twists. The Mystery Writers of America presented Dahl with three Edgar Awards for his work, and many were originally written for American magazines such as \\\"Collier's\\\" (\\\"The Collector's Item\\\" was \\\"Collier's\\\" Star Story of the week for 4 September 1948), \\\"Ladies Home Journal\\\", \\\"Harper's\\\", \\\"Playboy\\\" and \\\"The New Yorker\\\". Works such as \\\"Kiss Kiss\\\" subsequently collected Dahl's stories into anthologies, and gained significant popularity. Dahl wrote more than 60 short stories; they have appeared in numerous collections, some only being published in book form after\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658577\",\n \"text\": \"Cried\\\", a picture book about the siege of West Beirut by the Israeli army during the 1982 Lebanon War. He wrote that the book would make readers \\\"violently anti-Israeli\\\", stating: \\\"I am not anti-Semitic. I am anti-Israel.\\\" Dahl told a reporter in 1983: \\\"There's a trait in the Jewish character that does provoke animosity ... I mean there is always a reason why anti-anything crops up anywhere; even a stinker like Hitler didn't just pick on them for no reason.\\\" In 1990, during an interview with \\\"The Independent,\\\" Dahl explained that his issue with Israel began when they invaded Lebanon\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658565\",\n \"text\": \"substantive flying officer. After being invalided home, Dahl was posted to an RAF training camp in Uxbridge. He attempted to recover his health enough to become an instructor. In late March 1942, while in London, he met the Under-Secretary of State for Air, Major Harold Balfour (later Lord Balfour), at his club. Impressed by Dahl's war record and conversational abilities, Balfour appointed the young man as assistant air attaché at the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. Initially resistant, Dahl was finally persuaded by Balfour to accept, and took passage on the SS \\\"Batori\\\" from Glasgow a few days later. He\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658563\",\n \"text\": \"April in another air battle, he shot down another Ju 88. On 20 April 1941, Dahl took part in the Battle of Athens, alongside the highest-scoring British Commonwealth ace of World War II, Pat Pattle, and Dahl's friend David Coke. Of 12 Hurricanes involved, five were shot down and four of their pilots killed, including Pattle. Greek observers on the ground counted 22 German aircraft downed, but because of the confusion of the aerial engagement, none of the pilots knew which aircraft they had shot down. Dahl described it as \\\"an endless blur of enemy fighters whizzing towards me from\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658562\",\n \"text\": \"80 Squadron had been transferred to the Greek campaign and based at Eleusina, near Athens. The squadron was now equipped with Hawker Hurricanes. Dahl flew a replacement Hurricane across the Mediterranean Sea in April 1941, after seven hours' experience flying Hurricanes. By this stage in the Greek campaign, the RAF had only 18 combat aircraft in Greece: 14 Hurricanes and four Bristol Blenheim light bombers. Dahl flew in his first aerial combat on 15 April 1941, while flying alone over the city of Chalcis. He attacked six Junkers Ju 88s that were bombing ships and shot one down. On 16\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658558\",\n \"text\": \"the British made plans to round up the hundreds of Germans living in Dar-es-Salaam. Dahl was commissioned as a lieutenant into the King's African Rifles, commanding a platoon of Askari men, indigenous troops who were serving in the colonial army. In November 1939, Dahl joined the Royal Air Force as an aircraftman with service number 774022. After a car journey from Dar es Salaam to Nairobi, he was accepted for flight training with sixteen other men; only three others of these survived the war. With seven hours and 40 minutes experience in a De Havilland Tiger Moth, he flew solo;\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658550\",\n \"text\": \"considered the world's best. Dahl first attended the Cathedral School, Llandaff. At the age of eight, he and four of his friends (one named Thwaites) were caned by the headmaster after putting a dead mouse in a jar of gobstoppers at the local sweet shop, which was owned by a \\\"mean and loathsome\\\" old woman called Mrs Pratchett. The five boys named their prank the \\\"Great Mouse Plot of 1924\\\". Gobstoppers were a favourite sweet among British schoolboys between the two World Wars, and Dahl would refer to them in his creation, Everlasting Gobstopper, which was featured in \\\"Charlie and\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658549\",\n \"text\": \"language was Norwegian, which he spoke at home with his parents and his sisters Astri, Alfhild and Else. Dahl and his sisters were raised in the Lutheran faith, and were baptised at the Norwegian Church, Cardiff, where their parents worshipped. In 1920, when Dahl was three years old, his seven-year-old sister, Astri, died from appendicitis. Weeks later, his father died of pneumonia at the age of 57. With the option of returning to Norway to live with relatives, Dahl's mother decided to remain in Wales. Her husband Harald had wanted their children to be educated in British schools, which he\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4358723\",\n \"text\": \"6223 Dahl 6223 Dahl, provisional designation , is a carbonaceous asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometres in diameter. It was discovered on 3 September 1980, by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos at Kleť Observatory near České Budějovice in the Czech Republic. The asteroid was named after author of children's books, Roald Dahl. \\\"Dahl\\\" orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.4–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,653 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery\",\n \"title\": \"6223 Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12196320\",\n \"text\": \"De Novo Dahl De Novo Dahl is an Indie rock group from Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Formed in 2001, they were signed to Roadrunner Records and released from their contract in 2009. They are currently signed to Theory 8 Records. The band was formed in 2001 by Joel Dahl, Serai Zaffiro, Derek Sandidge, Joey Andrews, Jon Schneck (later replaced by David Carney), and Mark Bond. The band took their name from the Latin words for \\\"The New\\\" and the last name of author Roald Dahl. Keyboardist Mark Bond left the group amicably in 2006 and now plays keyboard for The Features. He\",\n \"title\": \"De Novo Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19333128\",\n \"text\": \"in his children's books. His mother also nurtured a passion in the young Dahl for reading and literature. During the Second World War Dahl was a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF) until he crashed in the Libyan desert; the subsequent injuries left him unfit to fly. He was posted to Washington as an assistant air attaché, ostensibly a diplomatic post, but which also included espionage and propaganda work. In 1942 the writer C.S. Forester asked him to provide details of his experiences in North Africa which Forester hoped to use in an article in \\\"The Saturday Evening Post\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12220149\",\n \"text\": \"Wade-Dahl-Till valve The Wade-Dahl-Till (WDT) valve is a cerebral shunt developed in 1962 by hydraulic engineer Stanley Wade, author Roald Dahl, and neurosurgeon Kenneth Till. In 1960, Dahl's son Theo developed hydrocephalus after being struck by a car. A standard Holter shunt was installed to drain excess fluid from his brain. However, the shunt jammed too often, causing pain and blindness, risking brain damage and requiring emergency surgery. Till, neurosurgeon at London's Great Ormond Street Hospital for children, determined that debris accumulated in the hydrocephalic ventricles could clog the slits in the Holter valves, especially with patients such as Theo\",\n \"title\": \"Wade-Dahl-Till valve\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658606\",\n \"text\": \"active imagination: \\\"It's very important that we preserve the tradition of allowing young children to run free with their imaginations and magic and imagination are the same thing.\\\" Actress Scarlett Johansson named \\\"Fantastic Mr Fox\\\" one of the five books that made a difference to her. Regarded as \\\"one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century\\\", Dahl was named by \\\"The Times\\\" one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945. He ranks amongst the world's best-selling fiction authors with sales estimated at over 250 million, and his books have been published in almost 60 languages. In\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658588\",\n \"text\": \"from the point of view of a child. They typically involve adult villains who hate and mistreat children, and feature at least one \\\"good\\\" adult to counteract the villain(s). These stock characters are possibly a reference to the abuse that Dahl stated that he experienced in the boarding schools he attended. Dahl's books see the triumph of the child; children's book critic Amanda Craig said, \\\"He was unequivocal that it is the good, young and kind who triumph over the old, greedy and the wicked.\\\" While his whimsical fantasy stories feature an underlying warm sentiment, they are often juxtaposed with\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658578\",\n \"text\": \"in 1982: “they killed 22,000 civilians when they bombed Beirut. It was very much hushed up in the newspapers because they are primarily Jewish-owned. I’m certainly anti-Israeli and I’ve become antisemitic in as much as that you get a Jewish person in another country like England strongly supporting Zionism.” As a result of these views, in 2014 the Royal Mint decided not to produced a coin to commemorate the centenary of Dahl's birth because he was considered to be \\\"associated with antisemitism and not regarded as an author of the highest reputation\\\". Dahl had Jewish friends, including philosopher Sir Isaiah\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658561\",\n \"text\": \"rescued and taken to a first-aid post in Mersa Matruh, where he regained consciousness, but not his sight. He was transported by train to the Royal Navy hospital in Alexandria. There he fell in and out of love with a nurse, Mary Welland. A RAF inquiry into the crash revealed that the location to which he had been told to fly was completely wrong, and he had mistakenly been sent instead to the no man's land between the Allied and Italian forces. In February 1941, Dahl was discharged from hospital and passed fully fit for flying duties. By this time,\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658560\",\n \"text\": \"was ordered to fly his Gladiator by stages from Abu Sueir (near Ismailia, in Egypt) to 80 Squadron's forward airstrip south of Mersa Matruh. On the final leg he could not find the airstrip and, running low on fuel and with night approaching, he was forced to attempt a landing in the desert. The undercarriage hit a boulder and the aircraft crashed. Dahl's skull was fractured and his nose was smashed; he was temporarily blinded. He managed to drag himself away from the blazing wreckage and passed out. He wrote about the crash in his first published work. Dahl was\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658557\",\n \"text\": \"the and hiked through Newfoundland with the Public Schools Exploring Society. In July 1934, Dahl joined the Shell Petroleum Company. Following two years of training in the United Kingdom, he was assigned first to Mombasa, Kenya, then to Dar-es-Salaam, Tanganyika (now Tanzania). Along with the only two other Shell employees in the entire territory, he lived in luxury in the Shell House outside Dar es Salaam, with a cook and personal servants. While out on assignments supplying oil to customers across Tanganyika, he encountered black mambas and lions, among other wildlife. In August 1939, as the Second World War loomed,\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658556\",\n \"text\": \"of his summer holidays with his mother's family in Norway. He wrote about many happy memories from those visits in \\\"Boy: Tales of Childhood\\\", such as when he replaced the tobacco in his half–sister's fiancé's pipe with goat droppings. He noted only one unhappy memory of his holidays in Norway: at around the age of eight, he had to have his adenoids removed by a doctor. His childhood and first job selling kerosene in Midsomer Norton and surrounding villages in Somerset are subjects in \\\"Boy: Tales of Childhood\\\". After finishing his schooling, in August 1934 Dahl crossed the Atlantic on\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658553\",\n \"text\": \"which is also marked by his hatred of cruelty and corporal punishment. According to \\\"Boy: Tales of Childhood\\\", a friend named Michael was viciously caned by headmaster Geoffrey Fisher. Writing in that same book, Dahl reflected: “All through my school life I was appalled by the fact that masters and senior boys were allowed literally to wound other boys, and sometimes quite severely... I couldn’t get over it. I never have got over it.” The master was later selected as the Archbishop of Canterbury and crowned Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. (According to Dahl's biographer Jeremy Treglown, the caning took\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658551\",\n \"text\": \"the Chocolate Factory\\\". Dahl transferred to a boarding school in England: St Peter's in Weston-super-Mare. His parents had wanted him to be educated at an English public school and, because of the regular ferry link across the Bristol Channel, this proved to be the nearest. Dahl's time at St Peter's was unpleasant; he was very homesick and wrote to his mother every week but never revealed his unhappiness to her. After her death in 1967, he learned that she had saved every one of his letters, in small bundles held together with green tape. In 2016, to mark the centenary\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658547\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century\\\". His awards for contribution to literature include the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, and the British Book Awards' Children's Author of the Year in 1990. In 2008, \\\"The Times\\\" placed Dahl 16th on its list of \\\"The 50 greatest British writers since 1945\\\". Dahl's short stories are known for their unexpected endings, and his children's books for their unsentimental, macabre, often darkly comic mood, featuring villainous adult enemies of the child characters. His books champion the kindhearted, and feature an underlying warm sentiment. Dahl's works for\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"658572\",\n \"text\": \"service and was invalided out of the RAF in August 1946. He left the service with the substantive rank of squadron leader. His record of five aerial victories, qualifying him as a flying ace, has been confirmed by post-war research and cross-referenced in Axis records. It is most likely that he scored more than those victories during 20 April 1941, when 22 German aircraft were shot down. Dahl married American actress Patricia Neal on 2 July 1953 at Trinity Church in New York City. Their marriage lasted for 30 years and they had five children: On 5 December 1960, four-month-old\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16363899\",\n \"text\": \"Z. Schlueter. Ryan Dahl gave the following reason for moving on from the project: After leaving the Node.js project, Ryan Dahl went on to write the foreword for \\\"Node: Up and Running\\\", a 2012 O'Reilly book written by Tom Hughes-Croucher and Mike Wilson, where he stated that he had recovered from his initial reservations about the technology: In a talk on \\\"10 Things I Regret About Node.js\\\" Dahl announced Deno, a Node.js-incompatible TypeScript runtime for V8. Ryan Dahl Ryan Dahl is a software engineer and inventor of Node.js. Dahl (1980 or 1981) grew up in San Diego, California. His mother\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19333131\",\n \"text\": \"In 1982 Dahl published the first of three editions of poems—all aimed at children. The following year he edited a book of ghost stories. He also wrote several works of non-fiction, including three autobiographies, a cookery book, a safety leaflet for the British railways and a book on measles, which was about the death of his daughter Olivia from measles encephalitis. As at 2015, Dahl's works have been translated into 59 languages and have sold more than 200 million books worldwide. His awards for contribution to literature include the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, and the British Book\",\n \"title\": \"Roald Dahl bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6515265\",\n \"text\": \"I Write What I Like I Write What I Like (full name \\\"I Write What I Like: Selected Writings by Steve Biko\\\") is a compilation of writings from anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko. \\\"I Write What I Like\\\" contains a selection of Biko's writings from 1969, when he became the president of the South African Student Organisation, to 1972, when he was prohibited from publishing. Originally published in 1978, the book was republished in 1987 and April 2002. The book's title was taken from the title under which he had published his writings in the SASO newsletter under the pseudonym Frank\",\n \"title\": \"I Write What I Like\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"680742\",\n \"text\": \"and the Great Glass Elevator\\\", was written by Roald Dahl in 1971 and published in 1972. Dahl had also planned to write a third book in the series but never finished it. The story was originally inspired by Roald Dahl's experience of chocolate companies during his schooldays. Cadbury would often send test packages to the schoolchildren in exchange for their opinions on the new products. At that time (around the 1920s), Cadbury and Rowntree's were England's two largest chocolate makers and they each often tried to steal trade secrets by sending spies, posing as employees, into the other's factory. Because\",\n \"title\": \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6386921\",\n \"text\": \"his Subaru outside her house. In 1976, Dahl's ex-wife told him about an opening for a morning show in Detroit, Michigan on WABX. He managed to secure the job, despite the fact that he did not think he was good enough for it (he later learned that the station was owned by the same company his ex-wife worked for). At WABX, Dahl learned as much as he could about what constituted \\\"good radio\\\" and also began experimenting with his content. His popularity increased to the point that he achieved a 7.2 market share. During his time at WABX, Dahl was\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Dahl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15721808\",\n \"text\": \"What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? Diet in Biblical Times is a 2008 book by Nathan MacDonald that discusses the foods eaten by Israelites during the time that the Bible was written. MacDonald, a theologian who serves as a lecturer at St Andrews University, used biblical texts as well as archaeological and anthropological evidence in his attempts to determine the diet of the Israelites. MacDonald decided to write the book while writing another book on the symbolism of food in the Hebrew Bible that contained a chapter on the diet of the Israelites. Nathan\",\n \"title\": \"What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["danny, the champion of the world","willy wonka & the chocolate factory","the witches","the bfg","charlie and the chocolate factory","fantastic mr. fox","36 hours","james and the giant peach","matilda"],"string":"[\n \"danny, the champion of the world\",\n \"willy wonka & the chocolate factory\",\n \"the witches\",\n \"the bfg\",\n \"charlie and the chocolate factory\",\n \"fantastic mr. fox\",\n \"36 hours\",\n \"james and the giant peach\",\n \"matilda\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1787,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where are riddell helmets manufactured?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"10399403","text":"Elizabeth Riddell Elizabeth Riddell (21 March 1910 – 3 July 1998) was an Australian poet and journalist, who also published as Betty Riddell. Born in Napier, New Zealand, Elizabeth Richmond Riddell came to Australia in 1928 where she worked at \"Smith's Weekly\" and won a Walkley Award. She married Edward Neville 'Blue' Greatorex (1901–1964) in Sydney in 1935. The couple did not have children. In 1935 she moved to England and during World War II worked for Ezra Norton at \"The Daily Mirror\", chiefly in New York City. Her first short book of poems, \"The Untrammelled\", was published in 1940.","title":"Elizabeth Riddell"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10399403\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Riddell Elizabeth Riddell (21 March 1910 – 3 July 1998) was an Australian poet and journalist, who also published as Betty Riddell. Born in Napier, New Zealand, Elizabeth Richmond Riddell came to Australia in 1928 where she worked at \\\"Smith's Weekly\\\" and won a Walkley Award. She married Edward Neville 'Blue' Greatorex (1901–1964) in Sydney in 1935. The couple did not have children. In 1935 she moved to England and during World War II worked for Ezra Norton at \\\"The Daily Mirror\\\", chiefly in New York City. Her first short book of poems, \\\"The Untrammelled\\\", was published in 1940.\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Riddell\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"14406167","text":"claims relating to youth football and the Revolution youth helmet due to the fact that the UPMC study tested neither youth players nor the youth version of the helmet. Despite determining that Riddell falsely represented numerous claims, the FTC chose not to sanction Riddell as the company had already discontinued use of the 31% claim. Revolution helmets Riddell Revolution helmets are a line of football helmets. The helmet brand is the most popular model in use in the National Football League, used by 83% of the players in the league as of 2008. The most recent model in the Revolution","title":"Revolution helmets"},{"psg_id":"12646730","text":"and Brady Quinn, as well as having been used by Eli Manning during the 2005 season. Riddell is also known for its Revolution IQ HITS helmet (Head Impact Telemetry System). The sensors inside the helmet called MX Encoders store data from each impact and can be transferred to a laptop to be reviewed by coaching staff or physicians. The helmets cost about $999 and are already being used by NCAA football teams. Other helmet styles produced by Riddell include the Revolution Speed and the Revolution IQ. Brad Herrin The company also produces a youth line of helmets including the Revolution","title":"Riddell Sports Group"},{"psg_id":"14406161","text":"Revolution helmets Riddell Revolution helmets are a line of football helmets. The helmet brand is the most popular model in use in the National Football League, used by 83% of the players in the league as of 2008. The most recent model in the Revolution line is the Speedflex helmet. This model can come equipped with Riddell's HITS Technology, which consists of a sensor in the helmet that relays data regarding the severity of each hit to a computer system. The Speedflex also features a built-in hinged panel located on the front near the top. In head-on collisions, this panel","title":"Revolution helmets"},{"psg_id":"12646729","text":"Partners. Fenway acquired the company in 2003 from Lincolnshire Management. In 2008, Riddell sued competitor Schutt Sports. Two years later, Schutt filed a lawsuit, also for patent-infringement, against Riddell. Riddell ended up winning, leading to Schutt filing for bankruptcy. Riddell is widely known for its line of football helmets. In 2002, Riddell released a new helmet design called the Revolution or \"Revo\" for short . The newer design was released in response to a study on concussions. The design is becoming more popular in the NFL and NCAA, being used by notables such as Peyton Manning, Dwight Freeney, Casey Hampton,","title":"Riddell Sports Group"},{"psg_id":"14406166","text":"to 7.6% of the players wearing the older model helmets. High school players wearing the Revolution helmet were 31% less likely to experience a concussion. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center later disavowed these results, citing problems with the design of the study, according to the book \"League of Denial\". The Federal Trade Commission also conducted an independent investigation into the safety claims made by Riddell. It concluded that \"the study did not substantiate Riddell’s claim that Revolution varsity football helmets reduce concussions or the risk of concussion by 31% compared to other varsity football helmets.\" It also invalidated all","title":"Revolution helmets"},{"psg_id":"14406165","text":"medical attention, there is currently no medically conclusive method of determining which impacts might lead to a concussion. The Revolution was first distributed in 2002. As of 2007, Riddell had sold 750,000 Revolution helmets. One major study on the helmet’s effectiveness (funded by Riddell) was conducted by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The research compared the Revolution helmet with other models. 2,000 high school players participated in the study which took place over the course of three years. The study's results showed that 5.4% of the athletes wearing the Revolution helmet suffered a concussion during a game as opposed","title":"Revolution helmets"},{"psg_id":"9971889","text":"was twice married: Riddell kept his divorce secret, until the publisher Sir Hedley Le Bas revealed it in 1915. At the time the social stigma attached to his divorce, where legally he was the guilty party, would have ruled out his elevation to the peerage in 1920. Lloyd George insisted, with press magnates, against the king's wishes. The award of the barony broke through a significant parliamentary convention. Dying on 5 December 1934, aged 69, Riddell was childless, and his baronetcy and barony became extinct. George Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell George Allardice Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell (25 May 1865 –","title":"George Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell"},{"psg_id":"14406162","text":"gives by up to a quarter of an inch (6 mm), helping to absorb the impact. The Revolution helmet was conceived in an attempt to reduce the risk of head injuries such as concussions. What research has been done on the helmet's efficacy so far has been inconclusive. The Speed Helmet is the most recent addition to the Revolution series of helmets made by Riddell. The helmet is designed around the head’s center of gravity, and is intended to reduce the prevalence of concussions. Recent data has brought the issues of football concussions to the public attention. An estimated 5","title":"Revolution helmets"},{"psg_id":"9971884","text":"George Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell George Allardice Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell (25 May 1865 – 5 December 1934), known as Sir George Riddell, Bt, between 1918 and 1920, was a British solicitor, newspaper proprietor and public servant. Riddell was born at 2 Stanhope Place, Loughborough Road, Brixton Heath, London, the son of James Riddell, a photographer, and Isabel (née Young). He was educated privately, became a clerk in a solicitor's office, and qualified as a solicitor himself in 1888, taking top place in his final exams. After making a fortune Riddell left the law and went into the newspaper business.","title":"George Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell"},{"psg_id":"12693748","text":"Campbell Drummond Riddell Campbell Drummond Riddell (9 January 1796 – 1858) was an Australian Colonial public servant who served as Colonial Treasurer. Riddell was the son of Thomas Milles Riddell (d.1796) and Margaretta, née Campbell. He was the grandson of Sir James Riddell Bt who was created first baronet, of Ardnamurchan, Argyllshire, Scotland. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, but he did not take a degree. Upon joining the Colonial Service he served in Ceylon, where he met and married his wife, and later in Sydney, New South Wales where he served as the Colonial Treasurer. After retiring from","title":"Campbell Drummond Riddell"},{"psg_id":"6441869","text":"their city of their dignity and leaving them naked. Riddell resigned from being minister at Ponsonby Baptist in 1993. He became a lecturer in theological education, teaching under the University of Auckland School of Theology bachelor's degree. In 1997, Flamingo published his first novel, \"The Insatiable Moon\". Riddell moved to Dunedin, where he has become a Catholic layman, and now writes full-time. This has resulted in another ten books, a play, \"Jerusalem, Jerusalem\", and a screenplay of \"The Insatiable Moon\", a feature film released in New Zealand in October 2010. In 2006 Riddell shifted to the Waikato, where he now","title":"Mike Riddell"},{"psg_id":"6441870","text":"resides in Cambridge. In 2003 he completed his PhD through the University of Otago, on James K. Baxter’s contribution to New Zealand spirituality. Mike Riddell Michael Riddell (born 23 March 1953 in Porirua East, New Zealand) is a Dunedin, New Zealand-based writer. Riddell was born in Porirua East (now Cannons Creek, New Zealand), and began schooling at Porirua East Primary School. He was the youngest of a family of four, with two sisters and a brother. His family moved to Christchurch, where he continued schooling at Northcote Primary School, while living near the Styx River. Secondary schooling took place at","title":"Mike Riddell"},{"psg_id":"6441865","text":"Mike Riddell Michael Riddell (born 23 March 1953 in Porirua East, New Zealand) is a Dunedin, New Zealand-based writer. Riddell was born in Porirua East (now Cannons Creek, New Zealand), and began schooling at Porirua East Primary School. He was the youngest of a family of four, with two sisters and a brother. His family moved to Christchurch, where he continued schooling at Northcote Primary School, while living near the Styx River. Secondary schooling took place at Christchurch Boys' High School, complete with Army Cadets and regular rugby. In the sixth form, he switched from sciences to arts. He flew","title":"Mike Riddell"},{"psg_id":"15706897","text":"William Riddell William Riddell (1807–1847) was a Roman Catholic bishop who briefly served as the Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District of England in 1847. He was born at Felton Park, near Morpeth, Northumberland, England on 5 February 1807, the son of Ralph Riddell and Elizabeth Blount. He began his education at Stonyhurst College in Lancashire on 21 September 1817, and then to the English College, Rome on 29 November 1823, where he completed his theological studies. He was ordained a sub-deacon on 22 March 1828, a deacon in August 1829, and a priest in March 1830. After leaving Rome","title":"William Riddell"},{"psg_id":"14555864","text":"Richard Riddell Richard V. Riddell is an American lighting designer. He graduated from Knox College with a B.A. with honors in 1972. In 1978, he received his doctorate from Stanford University. He has had extensive teaching experience, working at such schools as the University of California, San Diego, Harvard University. He finally moved to Duke University, where he became vice president as well as university secretary and assistant to the president, Richard H. Brodhead. Riddell has also worked on numerous shows, including two Broadway shows: \"A Walk in the Woods\" and \"Big River\". He mostly designed lighting for the shows,","title":"Richard Riddell"},{"psg_id":"9434776","text":"in Northumberland was also acquired by the Riddells. In 1296 Sir William Riddell of Riddell appears on the Ragman Rolls swearing fealty to Edward I of England. In 1628 Sir John Riddell was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia. His lands were then erected into a barony and regality of New Riddell. His third son was William Riddell who was knighted by Charles I of England and served in the wars in the Netherlands. The Reverend Archibald Riddell, third son of the second baronet, was imprisoned because he would not renounce his Covenanter beliefs. A prominent seventeenth century merchant in","title":"Clan Riddell"},{"psg_id":"20348345","text":"2006 she was appointed a Family Court judge, sitting in Hamilton. Riddell has also served as a Council member of the Otago District Law Society, and President of the Otago Women Lawyers Society. Riddell began acting at the Downstage Theatre in Wellington in the 1970s. In 2007, her short film \"Cake Tin\" won the Sandcastle Award at the 2007 Moondance Film Festival. In 2009, Riddell directed a feature film \"The Insatiable Moon,\" based on a novel by her husband Mike Riddell. She is also Deputy Chair of the Fortune Theatre Board. Rosemary Riddell Rosemary Riddell is an actor, film director","title":"Rosemary Riddell"},{"psg_id":"11246066","text":"extinct on his death. The Riddell Baronetcy, of Walton in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 31 January 1918 for George Allardice Riddell. Sir George was a prominent newspaper proprietor who was subsequently created Baron Riddell. Thus the baronetcy became a subsidiary title until it became extinct on his death in 1934. The heir apparent is the present holder's only son Finlay John Riddell (born 2001). Riddell baronets There have been three baronetcies created for people with the surname Riddell, one in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, one in the Baronetage of","title":"Riddell baronets"},{"psg_id":"11246063","text":"Riddell baronets There have been three baronetcies created for people with the surname Riddell, one in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2014 one creation is extant. The Riddell Baronetcy, of Riddell in the County of Roxburgh, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 14 May 1628 for John Riddell. Sir John Riddell's lands were erected into the barony and regality of New Riddell. Sir John’s third son, William, was knighted by Charles I and later served in the Eighty Years'","title":"Riddell baronets"},{"psg_id":"18437309","text":"body) also places the final use of the helmets within the class of votive offerings. Figures of twins with horns from a similar period and region are known - these included bronze figurines wearing horned helments found at Grevensvænge (Grevensvænge figurines), and horned twins of a horse's yoke found at Fogdarp. Related horned imagery has also been found on razors (Vestrup razor), and rock-carvings from a similar place/period. Veksø helmets The Veksø helmets (or Viksø helmets) are a pair of bronze age ceremonial horned helmets found near Veksø in Zealand, Denmark. In 1942 a workman was digging (c. 0.7m below","title":"Veksø helmets"},{"psg_id":"3311510","text":"Riddell, the Conservative Party and the Prime Minister quietly settled the case. The settlement was announced by a one-sentence joint news release by the Conservative Party and Alan Riddell, issued on an early Saturday morning: \"The Conservative Party of Canada and Alan Riddell announce they have mutually settled all legal proceedings brought by Mr. Riddell against the Conservative Party of Canada and Conservative party officials.\" \"Ottawa Citizen\" May 18, 2005 pg. A.12 suspended\" \"Ottawa Citizen\". June 21, 2004. pg. A.7 Citizen\" December 6, 2005. pg. A.3 A.5 Alan Riddell Alan Riddell is a bilingual labour relations lawyer and partner with","title":"Alan Riddell"},{"psg_id":"20636735","text":"Sir James Milles Riddell, 2nd Baronet Sir James Milles Riddell (sometimes shown as James Milne Riddell) FRSE DCL, 2nd Baronet of Ardnamurchan and Sunart (1787–1861) was a 19th-century Scottish landowner and agricultural improver. He was born on 3 June 1787 the son of Thomas Riddell, and his wife, Margaretta Campbell. His grandfather Sir James Riddell, 1st Baronet of Arnamurchan and Sunart outlived his father Thomas, and on James' death in 1797 James Milles Riddell became 2nd baronet at the age of ten. They lived at the family estate of Strontian in Argyleshire where in 1791 Thomas Charles Hope first discovered","title":"Sir James Milles Riddell, 2nd Baronet"},{"psg_id":"8927811","text":"away from his chapel. Due to the distance and oftentimes bad weather, the commute and conditions were often difficult for Riddell and he was once described as preaching while water dripped from his sleeves onto his bible. Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch would eventually give him the cottage of Teviothead, where he would reside for the rest of his life. Riddell married Eliza Clark sometime in 1833, and they would have three sons. Walter Scott Riddell was born in 1835 and would eventually work for The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, moving to Hong Kong, China. He","title":"Henry Riddell (poet)"},{"psg_id":"6981104","text":"Carse, the estate owned by Riddell in Nithsdale. Burns asked successfully for the return of the poetry volume which had already been given to Riddell; the second had not been completed. The manuscripts are now in the possession of the National Library of Scotland. Riddell was the author of \"A Collection of Scotch, Galwegian and Border Tunes\", a collection of music mostly from the western Border country, which was published posthumously. While the title page describes the music as \"for the violin and pianoforte\", many of the tunes have the characteristic idiom, 9-note range and mixolydian mode of music for","title":"Robert Riddell"},{"psg_id":"9434778","text":"was a professional soldier who campaigned in New Zealand and Afghanistan during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The current chief is Walter John Buchanan Riddell (b. 1974), son of the late Sir John Charles Buchanan Riddell who died in 2010. Clan Riddell Clan Riddell is a Lowland Scottish clan. One theory for the origin of the name Riddell is that the family were from Gascony and came to Scotland via Ryedale in Yorkshire. However, it is much more likely that the name is of Norman origin. In 1116, Gervase Ridale was a witness to a charter of David I of Scotland.","title":"Clan Riddell"},{"psg_id":"8207347","text":"Tigers coach Tim Sheens made it clear that Riddell was unlikely to get much game time with the first grade side, barring injury, rep duties or suspension of star hooker Robbie Farah. Linking to the Roosters ensured Riddell would reunite with Brian Smith, whom he played under at the Eels for one and a half seasons. Also in 2011, Riddell was recruited by the \"Sydney Morning Herald\" to write a weekly column. It was published for that year only. Riddell announced his retirement in June 2011. In 2012, Riddell was simultaneously coach of the Australian women's team and the Sydney","title":"Mark Riddell"},{"psg_id":"6981103","text":"Robert Riddell Captain Robert Riddell (1755–1794), Laird of Friar's Carse, near Dumfries. A friend of Robert Burns, who made him a collection of his poems which later became famous, and wrote a poem 'Sonnet On The Death Of Robert Riddell' in memory of him when he died. The Glenriddell Manuscripts, an important autograph text of two volumes, one containing more than 50 poems, and the other 27 letters by Burns, were written for Riddell between 1791 and 1793. The poet's friendship with the Riddell family ended suddenly in December 1793 as the result of a mysterious drunken incident at Friar's","title":"Robert Riddell"},{"psg_id":"4966974","text":"1985. Easily re-elected again in the 1987 provincial election, Riddell remained Agriculture Minister until August 2, 1989. He did not run for re-election in 1990. Riddell was president of the Ontario Agricultural Hall of Fame Association in 2003-04, and has served as president of the Ontario Institute of Agrologists. He is also a prominent member of Heartland Community Credit Union Ltd, which was merged to for United Communities Credit Union, and later Libro Credit Union. On June 11th, 2017, Riddell was inducted into the Ontario Agriculture Hall of Fame. Jack Riddell John Keith Riddell (born December 10, 1931) is a","title":"Jack Riddell"},{"psg_id":"3748522","text":"In May 2010, Carleton University announced the creation of Canada's first graduate program in political management, Clayton H. Riddell Graduate Program in Political Management, made possible through a donation from Riddell that is the largest in Carleton's history. He was married to Vi Thorarinson, a nurse for 49 years until her death from leukemia in 2012. They had three daughters and a son together, Lynne, Sue, Jim and Brenda. Riddell died on September 15, 2018, after a short illness. Clay Riddell Clayton Howard Riddell, OC (July 13, 1937 – September 15, 2018) was a Canadian billionaire businessman who was the","title":"Clay Riddell"},{"psg_id":"3748520","text":"Clay Riddell Clayton Howard Riddell, OC (July 13, 1937 – September 15, 2018) was a Canadian billionaire businessman who was the founder, president and CEO of Paramount Resources, based in Calgary, Alberta. He was born on a farm near Treherne, Manitoba on July 13, 1937, the youngest child of Cecil Howard Riddell and Bertha Maude Riddell nee Taylor. Riddell earned with a bachelor's degree in geology from the University of Manitoba. He also was part owner of the Calgary Flames and high-end Calgary restaurant Catch. With an estimated net worth of $US 2.5 billion (as of March 2011), he was","title":"Clay Riddell"},{"psg_id":"20348344","text":"Rosemary Riddell Rosemary Riddell is an actor, film director and Family Court judge from New Zealand. Riddell was born and educated in Auckland. She began her career working in broadcasting and public relations, then went overseas and met her husband Mike Riddell in London. After their three children had started school, Riddell enrolled to study law at university, and was admitted to the bar in 1992. She worked in family law for Gaze Burt in Auckland, and in 1997 she moved to Dunedin to join Gallaway Haggitt Sinclair. She was made a partner in the firm in 1999, and in","title":"Rosemary Riddell"},{"psg_id":"16187783","text":"Neil Riddell Neil Anthony Riddell (born 16 July 1947) is a former English cricketer. Riddell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Staindrop, County Durham. Riddell made his debut for Durham in the 1972 Minor Counties Championship against Cumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham throughout the remainder of the 1970s. In the 1973 Gillette Cup Riddell made his List A debut for Durham against Yorkshire, in what was a famous victory over their County Championship opponents. He made seven further List A appearances for Durham in the 1970s. In 1976 he made","title":"Neil Riddell"},{"psg_id":"11849154","text":"work he also regularly works in theatre productions. Riddell was born in Glasgow, the son of teacher and former actress Hope Ross and former St Mirren and Berwick Rangers footballer Ian Riddell. He graduated from the University of Strathclyde with a degree in business before training at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, graduating in 1990. His partner is the actress Frances Carrigan; they have twins. Riddell took the part of Roj Blake in the three-part Blake's 7 audio drama broadcast on BBC Radio in 2007. Derek Riddell Derek Riddell (born 11 January 1967) is a Scottish television","title":"Derek Riddell"},{"psg_id":"10255779","text":"on the torture enquiry, in 2010 Riddell was appointed to the Privy Council to permit easier access to secret information, entitling him to the style \"The Right Honourable\". On 25 November 2010, Riddell was awarded the President's Medal by the British Academy \"for an outstanding record as the producer of an informed picture of the inner workings of Whitehall, high politics and the party battle\". In the 2012 Birthday Honours, Riddell was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for \"services to journalism and for public service\". Peter Riddell The Rt Hon Peter John Robert Riddell CBE","title":"Peter Riddell"},{"psg_id":"12819311","text":"Contacts” after Fenway Partners sold 1-800 Contacts to WellPoint Inc., a health benefits firm, for a sum of roughly $900 million. Riddell Sports Group On July 7, 2003, Fenway Partners proudly announced their acquisition of Riddell Sports Group a sporting goods manufacturer. Riddell helmets are won by more than 85% of NFL players, and in 2002 they released the first computer engineered football helmet in its efforts to help reduce concussions among athletes. As the leading manufacturer of football helmets, among other products such as pads and collectible replica items, Riddell posted revenues of over $100 million in 2002, the","title":"Fenway Partners"},{"psg_id":"18437246","text":"the River Bidasoa in 1813. Riddell served as Commander-in-Chief, Scotland and also as Governor of Edinburgh Castle from 1847 to 1852. He was also colonel of the 6th Regiment of Foot. Riddell is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard in central Edinburgh. Henry Riddell General Henry James Riddell KH (died 8 March 1861) was a British Army officer who became Commander-in-Chief, Scotland. Riddell was commissioned in 1798 and took part in the Battle of Copenhagen in August 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars. He became a major in 50th Regiment of Foot on 12 December 1807 and transferred to the 79th Regiment of","title":"Henry Riddell"},{"psg_id":"15371431","text":"Victor Riddell Victor Horsley Hume Riddell (23 July 1905 – 9 August 1976) was an English cricketer. Riddell was a right-handed batsman who fielded primarily as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Hermeston Hall, Yorkshire and was educated at Clifton College. Riddell played two Minor Counties Championship matches for Devon in 1924 against the Surrey Second XI and Berkshire. Two years later he made his first-class debut for Cambridge University against Lancashire. He played four further first-class matches in 1926 for the University, the last of which came against Oxford University. In his 5 first-class matches, Riddell scored 48 runs","title":"Victor Riddell"},{"psg_id":"18148854","text":"John Carre Riddell John Carre Riddell (4 June 1809 – 22 December 1879) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), a member of the Victorian Legislative Council and later, the Victorian Legislative Assembly. Riddell (pronounced \"Riddle\") was born in Linthill, Lilliesleaf, Roxburghshire, Scotland, the third son of Thomas Riddell, of Camieston, and his wife Jane, \"née\" Ferrier. Riddell was educated at the High School, Edinburgh, and at the University of Edinburgh. He arrived in Sydney aboard the \"Abberton\" on 20 August 1839 with his cousin Thomas Ferrier Hamilton and the pair rode to Melbourne the following month. Riddell was a","title":"John Carre Riddell"},{"psg_id":"8207339","text":"his size and build. During the season he became a regular goal-kicker for the club where he developed a distinctive 'raised arm' motion before he would take the kick. Fans in the crowd would mimic this action. Riddell had an impressive début season in first grade with the Dragons finishing the season as the club's top scorer with 130 points and cemented his position in the side as hooker. During his second season with the Dragons Riddell would again have a good season not only impressing club staff and fans with his quickly evolving running game from dummy-half, goal kicking","title":"Mark Riddell"},{"psg_id":"6441867","text":"Riddell was involved in protest against the 1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand. The family moved to Switzerland in 1982, where Riddell pursued postgraduate studies in Theology at an international seminary near Zurich, graduating summa cum laude at the end of 1984. He returned to New Zealand, and was ordained and appointed minister of Ponsonby Baptist Church, a small congregation in the central city. Here he was to remain for some 9 years. He held a variety of jobs concurrent with that of minister, as a journalist for \"New Outlook\", a current affairs journal, and later as","title":"Mike Riddell"},{"psg_id":"8207348","text":"Roosters SG Ball Cup side. He was also playing for The Oaks in the Group 6 country competition. Riddell is currently a commentator for Sydney radio station 2GB as well as co-hosting Macquarie Sports Radio breakfast show with fellow 2GB commentator Mark Levy. Riddell is married to Carly and has 3 children. Mark Riddell Mark Robert Riddell (born 9 December 1980) is an Australian rugby league commentator and former professional player. A City New South Wales representative goal-kicking , he played in the National Rugby League (NRL) for the St George Illawarra Dragons, Parramatta Eels and Sydney Roosters and in","title":"Mark Riddell"},{"psg_id":"8207346","text":"years of his three-year contract. In 2010, Riddell was part of the Warriors side that won both the League Leaders' Shield and the Grand Final, adding his name to the Grand Final score sheet by successfully kicking a penalty goal. After the 2010 season, Riddell was released from the last year of his contract so that he could return to Australia to tend to his ill mother. After his release from Wigan in 2010, Riddell made his return to NRL for the 2011 season, this time with the Sydney Roosters. Riddell was poised to sign with the Wests Tigers, however","title":"Mark Riddell"},{"psg_id":"8207345","text":"was intoxicated. His axing, along with that of Tim Smith's, was the first piece of action taken by Jason Taylor who just moments earlier was appointed caretaker coach following long-serving coach Brian Smith's dismissal. In the 2007 NRL season, Riddell made 23 appearances for Parramatta as the club made the preliminary final but fell short of a grand final appearance losing to Melbourne 26-10. Riddell stayed with at Parramatta through the 2008 season, playing a total of 86 games for the Eels. Riddell signed a three-year deal with the Wigan Warriors starting from 2009. Riddell played for Wigan for two","title":"Mark Riddell"},{"psg_id":"7125677","text":"illustrated several books written by each of four other authors. Some of these awards and related honours may have recognised the writers of books Riddell illustrated. The three Greenaway Medals, two commendations, and three shortlists recognised Riddell as illustrator. Chris Riddell Chris Riddell ( ) (born 13 April 1962) is a British illustrator and occasional writer of children's books and a political cartoonist for the \"Observer\". He has won three Kate Greenaway Medals, the British librarians' annual award for the best-illustrated children's book, and two of his works were commended runners-up, a distinction dropped after 2002. Books that he wrote","title":"Chris Riddell"},{"psg_id":"3662787","text":"medal winning game for Canada. In 2006, she helped Canada win silver at the Commonwealth games in Melbourne, Australia. Riddell was awarded best goalkeeper of the 2009 World Championships in Rome, Italy, when Canada won the silver medal. Rachel Riddell Rachel Riddell (born September 5, 1984 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian water polo goaltender. Riddell is a student at Loyola Marymount University. She was part of the 4th place women's water polo team at the 2003 world championships in Barcelona, Spain. She was awarded best goalkeeper at the 2003 World Junior Championships in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, when the Canadian","title":"Rachel Riddell"},{"psg_id":"3662786","text":"Rachel Riddell Rachel Riddell (born September 5, 1984 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian water polo goaltender. Riddell is a student at Loyola Marymount University. She was part of the 4th place women's water polo team at the 2003 world championships in Barcelona, Spain. She was awarded best goalkeeper at the 2003 World Junior Championships in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, when the Canadian team won the gold medal. Since 2003 Rachel Riddell has been a member of Canada's senior women's water polo team. At the 2005 Fina aquatic games, in Montreal, Canada, she won acclaim for her play in the bronze","title":"Rachel Riddell"},{"psg_id":"3311508","text":"existence. After the Conservative victory in the election, Conservative Party officials refused to honour the agreement, and Riddell was eventually forced to apply to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice for a Court Order that it be implemented. On January 11, 2007, after a two-day court hearing, Judge Denis Power of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice issued a decision confirming that the Party's agreement with Riddell was legally binding, and ordering it to immediately pay Riddell. The Judge ruled that when Riddell had stepped aside for Cutler, he had been \"the preferred choice of the clear majority\" and that","title":"Alan Riddell"},{"psg_id":"18824259","text":"Year Honours for charity work in Boston for Bangladesh. Mary Riddell Mary Carmella Riddell (born 19 April 1952) is a British journalist. She has been a newspaper columnist for \"The Daily Telegraph\", and served as the newspaper's assistant editor. Riddell was born in Grimsby and attended She attended Boston High School, a girls' grammar school. She studied Modern Languages at the University of Nottingham. She grew up in a catholic family with sisters Sheila and Maddi and brother John. Her sister is Prof Sheila Riddell (born 2 December 1953) an academic at University of Edinburgh and Director of the Centre","title":"Mary Riddell"},{"psg_id":"18824257","text":"Mary Riddell Mary Carmella Riddell (born 19 April 1952) is a British journalist. She has been a newspaper columnist for \"The Daily Telegraph\", and served as the newspaper's assistant editor. Riddell was born in Grimsby and attended She attended Boston High School, a girls' grammar school. She studied Modern Languages at the University of Nottingham. She grew up in a catholic family with sisters Sheila and Maddi and brother John. Her sister is Prof Sheila Riddell (born 2 December 1953) an academic at University of Edinburgh and Director of the Centre for Research in Education Inclusion and Diversity (CREID), who","title":"Mary Riddell"},{"psg_id":"18714843","text":"to Hampton Court. In 1807, she married a Welsh landowner, Phillips Lloyd Fletcher, and is buried in the Fletcher family vault at Chester. Maria Riddell Maria Banks Riddell (née Woodley; 1772–1808) was a West Indies-born poet, naturalist, editor and travel writer, who was resident in Scotland and Wales. Robert Burns paid tribute to her as \"a votary of the Muses\". Maria Woodley was the daughter of William Woodley, Governor of the Leeward Islands. In 1791 she married Walter Riddell of Glenriddell, younger brother of Robert Burns's patron Robert Riddell, and the pair set up house at an estate called Woodley","title":"Maria Riddell"},{"psg_id":"18714841","text":"Maria Riddell Maria Banks Riddell (née Woodley; 1772–1808) was a West Indies-born poet, naturalist, editor and travel writer, who was resident in Scotland and Wales. Robert Burns paid tribute to her as \"a votary of the Muses\". Maria Woodley was the daughter of William Woodley, Governor of the Leeward Islands. In 1791 she married Walter Riddell of Glenriddell, younger brother of Robert Burns's patron Robert Riddell, and the pair set up house at an estate called Woodley Park (now known as Goldielea) in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire. Burns, a guest at literary parties there, became a close friend and","title":"Maria Riddell"},{"psg_id":"18445837","text":"art movement at this time Riddell connected with other Māori clay artists, including Colleen Waata Urlich and Manos Nathan and spent time working alongside them at workshops and hui (meetings). In 1986, with Manos Nathan, Riddell was a co-founder of Ngā Kaihanga Uku, the national Māori clayworkers’ organisation in Aotearoa New Zealand. In 1989 he and Nathan were awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to establish an exchange with Native American artists. In 2011 he was awarded the Creative New Zealand Craft/Object Fellowship. Baye Riddell Baye Pewhairangi Riddell (born 1950) is a New Zealand ceramicist, composer and musician of Ngāti Porou and","title":"Baye Riddell"},{"psg_id":"18445835","text":"Baye Riddell Baye Pewhairangi Riddell (born 1950) is a New Zealand ceramicist, composer and musician of Ngāti Porou and descent. Riddell was born in Tokomaru Bay in 1950 and began working with clay in the early 1970s, while living in Christchurch. His early work fits within the contemporary movement in New Zealand craft pottery, largely influenced by the Anglo-Orientalism of Bernard Leach and Japanese potters who were influential in New Zealand, such as Shoji Hamada. Riddell, who had become distant from his Māori heritage, started putting Māori motifs on his pots, and in 1974 he became a full-time potter, the","title":"Baye Riddell"},{"psg_id":"17090582","text":"Brad Riddell Brad Riddell is an American professor and screenwriter whose works include \"\" (2005), and \"\" (2009). Riddell has written four produced feature films on assignment for Paramount, MTV, Universal and independent producers. Brad’s first film, \"\", remains the highest-grossing live action DVD release in history, selling two million copies and reaching syndication on TBS. His most recent film, \"Crooked Arrows\", was released nationally in theaters in 2012, and is the first mainstream lacrosse movie ever produced. Riddell taught MFA and BFA screenwriting courses at USC for seven years. He then went on to teach undergraduate courses at SUNY","title":"Brad Riddell"},{"psg_id":"16073768","text":"14–5 at Carlaw Park. Jim Riddell Charles James Riddell is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand in the 1957 World Cup. Riddell played in the Auckland Rugby League competition and first represented Auckland in 1953 against the American All Stars side. He was first selected for the 1955 series against France and toured Great Britain and France later that year. He also toured Australia in 1956 and was part of the 1957 World Cup squad. He played in nine test matches for the Kiwis between 1955 and 1957. In 1960 Riddell was part of the Auckland","title":"Jim Riddell"},{"psg_id":"16073767","text":"Jim Riddell Charles James Riddell is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand in the 1957 World Cup. Riddell played in the Auckland Rugby League competition and first represented Auckland in 1953 against the American All Stars side. He was first selected for the 1955 series against France and toured Great Britain and France later that year. He also toured Australia in 1956 and was part of the 1957 World Cup squad. He played in nine test matches for the Kiwis between 1955 and 1957. In 1960 Riddell was part of the Auckland side that defeated France","title":"Jim Riddell"},{"psg_id":"11235442","text":"she had no first-hand knowledge. When she wrote \"The Moors and the Fens\" she had never seen the district. Her publications included: Charlotte Riddell Charlotte Riddell, known also as Mrs J. H. Riddell (30 September 1832 – 24 September 1906), was a highly popular and influential Irish-born writer in the Victorian period. The author of 56 books, novels and short stories, she was also part-owner and editor of \"St. James's Magazine\", a prominent London literary journal in the 1860s. Born Charlotte Eliza Lawson Cowan in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland on 30 September 1832, Riddell was the youngest daughter of James","title":"Charlotte Riddell"},{"psg_id":"11235437","text":"Charlotte Riddell Charlotte Riddell, known also as Mrs J. H. Riddell (30 September 1832 – 24 September 1906), was a highly popular and influential Irish-born writer in the Victorian period. The author of 56 books, novels and short stories, she was also part-owner and editor of \"St. James's Magazine\", a prominent London literary journal in the 1860s. Born Charlotte Eliza Lawson Cowan in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland on 30 September 1832, Riddell was the youngest daughter of James Cowan of Carrickfergus, high sheriff for the county of Antrim, and Ellen Kilshaw of Liverpool, England. In the winter of 1855, four","title":"Charlotte Riddell"},{"psg_id":"18437303","text":"Veksø helmets The Veksø helmets (or Viksø helmets) are a pair of bronze age ceremonial horned helmets found near Veksø in Zealand, Denmark. In 1942 a workman was digging (c. 0.7m below the moss surface) at a peat bog extraction site in Brøns Mose, Viksø when he felt his spade go through something hard. Thought to be waste, the find was set aside. On later inspection, though, it was found to be a decorated bronze object with an associated wooden plate with a groove - which appeared to have been a stand for a helmet. A subsequent archaeological investigation at","title":"Veksø helmets"},{"psg_id":"15371432","text":"at a batting average of 8.00, with a high score of 13*. Behind the stumps he took three catches and made three stumpings. He died in Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire on 9 August 1976. Victor Riddell Victor Horsley Hume Riddell (23 July 1905 – 9 August 1976) was an English cricketer. Riddell was a right-handed batsman who fielded primarily as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Hermeston Hall, Yorkshire and was educated at Clifton College. Riddell played two Minor Counties Championship matches for Devon in 1924 against the Surrey Second XI and Berkshire. Two years later he made his first-class debut for","title":"Victor Riddell"},{"psg_id":"18148855","text":"nominated member of the Victorian Legislative Council from 21 June 1852 until the original Council was abolished in March 1856. He succeeded Charles Griffith. Riddell was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of West Bourke from February 1860 until April 1877. Riddells Creek was named after John Riddell. John Carre Riddell John Carre Riddell (4 June 1809 – 22 December 1879) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), a member of the Victorian Legislative Council and later, the Victorian Legislative Assembly. Riddell (pronounced \"Riddle\") was born in Linthill, Lilliesleaf, Roxburghshire, Scotland, the third son of","title":"John Carre Riddell"},{"psg_id":"17804623","text":"John Riddell (genealogist) John Riddell (1785–8 February 1862) was a Scottish peerage lawyer and genealogist. He was eldest son of Anne, eldest daughter of John Glassford of Dougalston, by Anne, daughter of Sir John Nisbet of Dean, and Henry Riddell of Little Govan. Educated for the law, he was called to the Scottish bar in 1807. Riddell made genealogy and Scottish peerage law a special study. He prepared the Crawford and Montrose peerage cases for James Lindsay, 24th Earl of Crawford. Riddell died unmarried at his house, 57 Melville Street, Edinburgh, on 8 February 1862. He was buried in the","title":"John Riddell (genealogist)"},{"psg_id":"13839016","text":"and married Anna Crossen, daughter of the company's founder. Riddell died in Toronto in 1945. William Renwick Riddell William Renwick Riddell (6 April 1852 – 18 February 1945) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and historian. Riddell was born in Hamilton Township, Ontario and attended Cobourg Grammar School and Victoria College. He was called to the bar in 1883, and conducted a law practice in Cobourg until he moved to Toronto in 1893. Riddell was appointed as judge to the Supreme Court of Ontario in 1906. As a historian, he published numerous works of legal, medical and social history, including biographies","title":"William Renwick Riddell"},{"psg_id":"13839015","text":"William Renwick Riddell William Renwick Riddell (6 April 1852 – 18 February 1945) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and historian. Riddell was born in Hamilton Township, Ontario and attended Cobourg Grammar School and Victoria College. He was called to the bar in 1883, and conducted a law practice in Cobourg until he moved to Toronto in 1893. Riddell was appointed as judge to the Supreme Court of Ontario in 1906. As a historian, he published numerous works of legal, medical and social history, including biographies of William Kirby and John Graves Simcoe. Riddell was President of Crossen Car Manufacturing Company","title":"William Renwick Riddell"},{"psg_id":"12693749","text":"the colonial service he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council. He also served as President of the Australian Club. He died in England in 1858. Campbell Drummond Riddell Campbell Drummond Riddell (9 January 1796 – 1858) was an Australian Colonial public servant who served as Colonial Treasurer. Riddell was the son of Thomas Milles Riddell (d.1796) and Margaretta, née Campbell. He was the grandson of Sir James Riddell Bt who was created first baronet, of Ardnamurchan, Argyllshire, Scotland. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, but he did not take a degree. Upon joining the Colonial Service","title":"Campbell Drummond Riddell"},{"psg_id":"12646734","text":"numbers have been listed in the court documents. The consensus from lawyers on both sides is that the lawsuits could take years to be sorted out. Nobody associated with the players, the league, or Riddell was even \"willing to guess how long it could be\" during discussions with the AP. Riddell Sports Group Riddell Sports Group is an American company specializing in sports equipment for American football. It was headquartered in Rosemont, Illinois; in 2017 the company relocated to a new facility in adjacent Des Plaines, Illinois. The company was started by John Tate Riddell. Riddell first invented the removable","title":"Riddell Sports Group"},{"psg_id":"12646728","text":"Riddell Sports Group Riddell Sports Group is an American company specializing in sports equipment for American football. It was headquartered in Rosemont, Illinois; in 2017 the company relocated to a new facility in adjacent Des Plaines, Illinois. The company was started by John Tate Riddell. Riddell first invented the removable cleat and then went on to invent the first ever plastic suspension helmet in 1939. In 2008, Dan Arment was appointed president of Riddell. Arment previously worked as executive vice-president and general manager of mass-market business for BRG Sports, Riddell's parent company, which is owned by private equity firm Fenway","title":"Riddell Sports Group"},{"psg_id":"7125673","text":"Greenaway again, this time for his work on \"Jonathan Swift's \"Gulliver\"\" (Walker, 2004), retold by Martin Jenkins from the 1726 classic \"Gulliver's Travels\". The panel chair commented, \"\"Gulliver\" is a tour de force. Chris Riddell has given us 144 pages of fantastic, faultless illustrations, which constantly extend the power of the text. Our winning title also proves that today's picture books are not just for the youngest age-groups, but are [also] an important source of pleasure and learning for readers of all ages.\" Other books illustrated by Chris Riddell include \"Fergus Crane\", \"Corby Flood\", and \"Hugo Pepper\", all set in","title":"Chris Riddell"},{"psg_id":"6981106","text":"distinct - Riddell's variation set on \"Cut and Dry Dolly\" is very different from Peacock's, though they do have material in common. Some minor differences are significant - Peacock's \"Johnnie stays long at the Fair\", and Riddell's \"Willie stays lang at the Fair\" are melodically very similar, but Peacock's version is an adaptation to Northumbrian pipes, while Riddell's makes more sense on Border pipes. Comparison of the two suggests that Peacock adapted a tune from Border pipes to Northumbrian pipes, making some melodic changes to fit the instrument. Robert Riddell Captain Robert Riddell (1755–1794), Laird of Friar's Carse, near Dumfries.","title":"Robert Riddell"},{"psg_id":"19754570","text":"Park facilities are concentrated in the northern section of the park, with the southern section consisting primarily of trails and access roads. The park includes Mud Lake, a spring-fed pond that features a dwarf shrub bog at its edges. The bog includes floating mats of sphagnum moss, carnivorous plants, and peat deposits greater than deep in places. Robert V. Riddell State Park Robert V. Riddell State Park is a state park in Otsego and Delaware counties, New York. The park is located approximately from Cooperstown. Robert V. Riddell State Park began as a gift to the state by Patricia Riddell","title":"Robert V. Riddell State Park"},{"psg_id":"10295640","text":"and I want to test it a trifle further.\" The John Riddell Murder Case The John Riddell Murder Case is a novel written by Corey Ford under the pseudonym of John Riddell. It was published in 1930. Subtitled \"A Philo Vance Parody\", it also mocks a number of other best-selling books and authors of the time period. Acting in response to an incomprehensibly phrased note in Walter Winchell's gossip column predicting that John Riddell will be murdered at 9:00 that morning, Philo Vance alerts the police and travels with the narrator to Riddell's home, only to find that they are","title":"The John Riddell Murder Case"},{"psg_id":"10295638","text":"The John Riddell Murder Case The John Riddell Murder Case is a novel written by Corey Ford under the pseudonym of John Riddell. It was published in 1930. Subtitled \"A Philo Vance Parody\", it also mocks a number of other best-selling books and authors of the time period. Acting in response to an incomprehensibly phrased note in Walter Winchell's gossip column predicting that John Riddell will be murdered at 9:00 that morning, Philo Vance alerts the police and travels with the narrator to Riddell's home, only to find that they are too late. As might be expected from a work","title":"The John Riddell Murder Case"},{"psg_id":"18262301","text":"first gulf war, Riddell was temporarily moved with his family to Perth (Western Australia). One year later, he returned to the Middle East with his parents and then finally back to the United Kingdom where he completed his education. Riddell currently lives in Melbourne, Australia. Riddell's career started in the United Kingdom in the IT and telecommunications sector. He moved in his mid twenties to Saudi Arabia and remained there for just over five years. He moved to Australia and joined MARS Australia & New Zealand to become the first Chief Digital Officer of the company. He is a senior","title":"Chris Riddell (futurist)"},{"psg_id":"6854754","text":"Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in the 2009 New Year Honours. Riddell died on 24 July 2010, at Rothbury Community Hospital, Northumberland, aged 76. His eldest son Walter John Buchanan Riddell inherited the baronetcy. Sir John Riddell, 13th Baronet Sir John Charles Buchanan Riddell, 13th Baronet, (3 January 1934 – 24 July 2010) was Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales from 1985 to 1990. He was Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland from 2000 to 2009. Riddell was born at Hepple, Northumberland. He succeeded to the Baronetcy of Riddell of Riddell as an infant, on the death of","title":"Sir John Riddell, 13th Baronet"},{"psg_id":"6854750","text":"Sir John Riddell, 13th Baronet Sir John Charles Buchanan Riddell, 13th Baronet, (3 January 1934 – 24 July 2010) was Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales from 1985 to 1990. He was Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland from 2000 to 2009. Riddell was born at Hepple, Northumberland. He succeeded to the Baronetcy of Riddell of Riddell as an infant, on the death of his father in 1934. The family seat at Whitefield House, Hepple was bought by his ancestor Sir John Buchanan Riddell (1796–1822) from the Duke of Portland in 1804. Riddell was educated at Eton College and Christ Church,","title":"Sir John Riddell, 13th Baronet"},{"psg_id":"17090583","text":"Oswego for one year, before joining DePaul's School of Cinema and Interactive Media in 2012. Brad earned a BA in English with a minor in Theater from the University of Kentucky, and a MFA in screenwriting from the USC School of Cinematic Arts. Ridell has optioned and adapted Katrina Kittle‘s third novel, The Kindness of Strangers, which he will produce with Present Pictures, to be directed by Anne Renton (Bones, The Perfect Family). The story deals with a broken family healing itself after taking in a sexually abused child far more broken than they are. Brad Riddell Brad Riddell is","title":"Brad Riddell"},{"psg_id":"8927817","text":"Henry Riddell (poet) Henry Scott Riddell (23 September 1798 – 30 July 1870) was a Scottish poet and songwriter. In the \"Scottish Orpheus\", a collection of songs of Scotland by Adam Hamilton, he is credited with writing \"Scotland Yet\" and \"The Dowie Dens O' Yarrow\". Henry Scott Riddell was born on 23 September 1798 in Sorbie, near Langholm, Dumfriesshire, the third child of seven to Robert Riddell, a shepherd, and his wife Agnes (née Scott). His father was reportedly an associate of the Scottish poets James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, who would occasionally visit their household and recite his own","title":"Henry Riddell (poet)"},{"psg_id":"8927806","text":"Henry Riddell (poet) Henry Scott Riddell (23 September 1798 – 30 July 1870) was a Scottish poet and songwriter. In the \"Scottish Orpheus\", a collection of songs of Scotland by Adam Hamilton, he is credited with writing \"Scotland Yet\" and \"The Dowie Dens O' Yarrow\". Henry Scott Riddell was born on 23 September 1798 in Sorbie, near Langholm, Dumfriesshire, the third child of seven to Robert Riddell, a shepherd, and his wife Agnes (née Scott). His father was reportedly an associate of the Scottish poets James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, who would occasionally visit their household and recite his own","title":"Henry Riddell (poet)"},{"psg_id":"20570410","text":"and was active with the RWL's successor, the Communist League until 2004 when he broke with the CL and the SWP over their lack of support for demonstrations against the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Ridell's father, Robert Gerald Riddell, was a Canadian diplomat and Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations from 1950 until his death from a heart attack the next year. His mother, Kay Riddell, founded the International Student Centre at the University of Toronto. John Riddell (Marxist) John Riddell (born 1942) is a Canadian Marxist essayist, historian, editor, translator and activist. He is best known as editor of","title":"John Riddell (Marxist)"},{"psg_id":"20570408","text":"John Riddell (Marxist) John Riddell (born 1942) is a Canadian Marxist essayist, historian, editor, translator and activist. He is best known as editor of \"The Communist International in Lenin’s Time\", an eight-volume series of books of Communist International documents, many of which have been translated into English for the first time. John Riddell was born in 1942. Riddell joined the Socialist Education League in 1959 and was a founding member of its successor, the League for Socialist Action in 1961. From 1960 until 1967, he was leader of the Young Socialists, the youth movement associated with the SEL and then","title":"John Riddell (Marxist)"},{"psg_id":"18237952","text":"house to Porteous, who soon discovered the defect. Porteous subsequently sued Riddell, the Dunedin City Council, and the Bagleys as well, and was originally awarded $21,200 in damages by the District Court. On appeal, the High Court set aside this award. The Court of Appeal reinstated the District Court's original judgement. Riddell v Porteous Riddell v Porteous [1999] 1 NZLR 1 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding liability in tort for defective products. The Bagleys hired Riddell on a \"labour only\" basis to build their house in Mosgiel based on plans drawn up by Bagley's architect. After the","title":"Riddell v Porteous"},{"psg_id":"18237951","text":"Riddell v Porteous Riddell v Porteous [1999] 1 NZLR 1 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding liability in tort for defective products. The Bagleys hired Riddell on a \"labour only\" basis to build their house in Mosgiel based on plans drawn up by Bagley's architect. After the house was completed, it was discovered that Riddell had departed from the approved plans as far as the deck was concerned, resulting in rainwater seeping into their house. This departure from the plans escaped the councils building inspector. However, before this defect came to their notice, the Bagleys had sold their","title":"Riddell v Porteous"},{"psg_id":"17804624","text":"Dean Cemetery on the west side of the city. He left a number of manuscripts which, in terms of his will, were acquired by the Advocates' and Signet Libraries, Edinburgh. Riddell enjoyed genealogical research for its own sake, and his speciality earned him an allusion in \"The Lay of the Last Minstrel\". His works were: John Riddell (genealogist) John Riddell (1785–8 February 1862) was a Scottish peerage lawyer and genealogist. He was eldest son of Anne, eldest daughter of John Glassford of Dougalston, by Anne, daughter of Sir John Nisbet of Dean, and Henry Riddell of Little Govan. Educated for","title":"John Riddell (genealogist)"},{"psg_id":"16892652","text":"in the Canadian House of Commons. Riddell later was president of the Caledonia Box and Manufacturing Company in Winnipeg. He died at home in Winnipeg at the age of 76. James Riddell (politician) James Riddell (May 1850 – September 19, 1926) was a Scottish-Canadian farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Lorne from 1896 to 1903 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal. He was born in Jedburgh and was educated there and at St. Andrew's University. Riddell married a Miss Sharp in Galt, Ontario. He came to Carman, Manitoba in 1880. He was president of the","title":"James Riddell (politician)"},{"psg_id":"16892651","text":"James Riddell (politician) James Riddell (May 1850 – September 19, 1926) was a Scottish-Canadian farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Lorne from 1896 to 1903 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal. He was born in Jedburgh and was educated there and at St. Andrew's University. Riddell married a Miss Sharp in Galt, Ontario. He came to Carman, Manitoba in 1880. He was president of the Dufferin Agricultural Society. Riddell was defeated when he ran for the Dufferin seat in the Manitoba assembly in 1903. In 1904, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Macdonald seat","title":"James Riddell (politician)"},{"psg_id":"16183307","text":"James Riddell (scholar) James Riddell (1823–1866) was an English classical scholar. Born on 8 June 1823, he was the eldest son of James Riddell (1796–1878), rector of Easton, Hampshire, by Dorothy, daughter of John Foster, of Leicester Grange, Warwickshire. After spending seven years at Mr. Browne's school at Cheam, Surrey, Riddell entered Shrewsbury School in 1838 as a pupil of Benjamin Hall Kennedy. He gained a scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford, his father's old college, in November 1840, and, leaving Shrewsbury as head boy in 1841, he began residence in Oxford in the Michaelmas term of that year. He was","title":"James Riddell (scholar)"},{"psg_id":"14630078","text":"The Inner Circle theory had been promoted by James McParland, the head of Pinkerton's Denver division. Alleged evidence for the existence of a group of conspirators were the actual murder of Arthur L. Collins, and the alleged murder of mine guard William J. Barney. George W. Riddell George W. Riddell was a Pinkerton labor spy who infiltrated the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) in Telluride, and later became president of the Eureka miners union in Utah. Riddell was forced to resign when Morris Friedman published the book The Pinkerton Labor Spy. Riddell was covertly identified as agent No. 36 in","title":"George W. Riddell"},{"psg_id":"14630077","text":"George W. Riddell George W. Riddell was a Pinkerton labor spy who infiltrated the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) in Telluride, and later became president of the Eureka miners union in Utah. Riddell was forced to resign when Morris Friedman published the book The Pinkerton Labor Spy. Riddell was covertly identified as agent No. 36 in the Pinkerton Agency, which charged $7,000 to the Telluride Mine Owners' Association for his services over a period of two years. He was tasked with discovering an \"Inner Circle\" of conspirators in the WFM union, but he found no trace of any such group.","title":"George W. Riddell"},{"psg_id":"10519629","text":"John Leonard Riddell John Leonard Riddell (February 20, 1807 – October 7, 1865) was a science lecturer, botanist, geologist, medical doctor, chemist, microscopist, numismatist, politician, and science fiction author in the United States. He was born in Leyden, Massachusetts, the son of John Riddell and Lephe Gates. He received his B.A. and M.A. at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute from professor Amos Eaton and his M.D. from Cincinnati College in 1836. Prior to receiving his M.D. Riddell found himself in Marietta, Ohio to study with Dr. Hildreth of Marietta College. As there were not many opportunities for a paid lecturer or a","title":"John Leonard Riddell"},{"psg_id":"9434775","text":"Clan Riddell Clan Riddell is a Lowland Scottish clan. One theory for the origin of the name Riddell is that the family were from Gascony and came to Scotland via Ryedale in Yorkshire. However, it is much more likely that the name is of Norman origin. In 1116, Gervase Ridale was a witness to a charter of David I of Scotland. His son was Walter who received a charter for the lands of Lilliesleaf in Roxburghshire. William the Lion was taken prisoner at the Battle of Alnwick in 1174 and one of Gervase's nephews was sent as a hostage. Swinburn","title":"Clan Riddell"},{"psg_id":"7125671","text":"illustrator, including Pongwiffy by Kaye Umansky. His brother Rick Riddell, a secondary teacher in the Alice Smith School, died in February 2012. Some of Riddell's most notable work is \"The Edge Chronicles\" (from 1998), a children's book series co-written with Paul Stewart and illustrated by Riddell alone. Set in the fictional world known as \"The Edge\", the books have been praised for Chris's beautifully detailed line drawings and the unique nature of their collaborative writing process. For his illustrations, Riddell was a commended runner-up for the 1994 Greenaway Medal (\"Something Else\" by Kathryn Cave) and highly commended for 1999 (\"Castle","title":"Chris Riddell"},{"psg_id":"7125670","text":"first illustrator of \"Alice in Wonderland\", and W. Heath Robinson. At Brighton Polytechnic he studied illustration; one teacher was Raymond Briggs, an earlier winner of two Greenaway Medals. In 2002 he named as influences Tenniel and E. H. Shepard, the first illustrator of \"The Wind in the Willows\" and \"Winnie the Pooh\". Riddell worked as an illustrator at \"The Economist\" news magazine beginning in the 1980s and at \"The Observer\" newspaper from 1995. As of 2002, Riddell and his wife Joanne Burroughes, an illustrator and print-maker, lived in Brighton with three children. Daughter Katy Riddell is also a children's book","title":"Chris Riddell"},{"psg_id":"7125668","text":"Chris Riddell Chris Riddell ( ) (born 13 April 1962) is a British illustrator and occasional writer of children's books and a political cartoonist for the \"Observer\". He has won three Kate Greenaway Medals, the British librarians' annual award for the best-illustrated children's book, and two of his works were commended runners-up, a distinction dropped after 2002. Books that he wrote or illustrated have won three Nestlé Smarties Book Prizes and have been silver or bronze runners-up four times. On 9 June 2015 he was appointed the UK Children's Laureate. Chris Riddell was born in 1962 in Cape Town, South","title":"Chris Riddell"},{"psg_id":"4966972","text":"Jack Riddell John Keith Riddell (born December 10, 1931) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1973 to 1990, and served as a cabinet minister in the government of David Peterson. Riddell was educated at the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, and worked as a high-school teacher and a livestock sales owner and operator-auctioneer. He is a prominent member of the Agricultural Institute of Canada. He was first elected to the Ontario legislature in a by-election on March 16, 1973, defeating Progressive Conservative candidate Don Southcott by","title":"Jack Riddell"},{"psg_id":"3748521","text":"ranked by Forbes as the 12th wealthiest Canadian and 459th in the world. Riddell was a president of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Chair of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. The Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources at the University of Manitoba is named in his honour. He donated $10 million to create an endowment fund for the faculty, which combines the Department of Environment and Geography, the Department of Geological Sciences and the Natural Resources Institute. In 2008, Riddell was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for his leadership and philanthropy.","title":"Clay Riddell"},{"psg_id":"3311504","text":"published a damaging front-page story about Riddell, that was later retracted as inaccurate. Despite this erroneous news story, and the last minute shift in voter support, Riddell finished the election with more than 20,600 votes, the highest number ever recorded by a Conservative candidate in the riding's history, thereby finishing a relatively close second to McGuinty. After the election was over, the \"Ottawa Sun\" published a prominent retraction of its erroneous front-page story about Riddell and expressed regret at \"the resulting prejudice to his campaign\". In May 2005, when it appeared that the Liberal government was about to be defeated","title":"Alan Riddell"},{"psg_id":"14555868","text":"Town\" for Guthrie Theater; and \"Satyagraha\" for De Nederlandse Opera, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Seattle Opera, and San Francisco Opera. Additionally, he worked on the scene design for \"'Krapp's Last Tape\" for Akademie der Künste, \"Akhnaten\", and \"The Yellow Sound\". Riddell won the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design, Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design, and Hewes Design Award for his work on \"Big River\" in 1985. Additionally, he received a Knox College Alumni Achievement Award in 1986. Richard Riddell Richard V. Riddell is an American lighting designer. He graduated from Knox College with a","title":"Richard Riddell"},{"psg_id":"13874690","text":"maple trees for the grounds of the hospital, joined with Viscount Shibusawa to invite many officials and prominent persons to the Bankers' Club in Tokyo to listen to Hannah Riddell's appeal. At the meeting Professor Kanazawa spoke for Riddell to the effect that Kaishun Hospital was a good hospital worth supporting, since Riddell was independent of the CMS. As a direct effect of the meeting Riddell's financial troubles ended. Japan's first leprosy prevention law was promulgated in 1907. In 1914 Riddell wrote in a long letter to Marquis Okuma: \"I think the expenses of the government policy would not cost","title":"Hannah Riddell"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14406167\",\n \"text\": \"claims relating to youth football and the Revolution youth helmet due to the fact that the UPMC study tested neither youth players nor the youth version of the helmet. Despite determining that Riddell falsely represented numerous claims, the FTC chose not to sanction Riddell as the company had already discontinued use of the 31% claim. Revolution helmets Riddell Revolution helmets are a line of football helmets. The helmet brand is the most popular model in use in the National Football League, used by 83% of the players in the league as of 2008. The most recent model in the Revolution\",\n \"title\": \"Revolution helmets\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12646730\",\n \"text\": \"and Brady Quinn, as well as having been used by Eli Manning during the 2005 season. Riddell is also known for its Revolution IQ HITS helmet (Head Impact Telemetry System). The sensors inside the helmet called MX Encoders store data from each impact and can be transferred to a laptop to be reviewed by coaching staff or physicians. The helmets cost about $999 and are already being used by NCAA football teams. Other helmet styles produced by Riddell include the Revolution Speed and the Revolution IQ. Brad Herrin The company also produces a youth line of helmets including the Revolution\",\n \"title\": \"Riddell Sports Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14406161\",\n \"text\": \"Revolution helmets Riddell Revolution helmets are a line of football helmets. The helmet brand is the most popular model in use in the National Football League, used by 83% of the players in the league as of 2008. The most recent model in the Revolution line is the Speedflex helmet. This model can come equipped with Riddell's HITS Technology, which consists of a sensor in the helmet that relays data regarding the severity of each hit to a computer system. The Speedflex also features a built-in hinged panel located on the front near the top. In head-on collisions, this panel\",\n \"title\": \"Revolution helmets\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12646729\",\n \"text\": \"Partners. Fenway acquired the company in 2003 from Lincolnshire Management. In 2008, Riddell sued competitor Schutt Sports. Two years later, Schutt filed a lawsuit, also for patent-infringement, against Riddell. Riddell ended up winning, leading to Schutt filing for bankruptcy. Riddell is widely known for its line of football helmets. In 2002, Riddell released a new helmet design called the Revolution or \\\"Revo\\\" for short . The newer design was released in response to a study on concussions. The design is becoming more popular in the NFL and NCAA, being used by notables such as Peyton Manning, Dwight Freeney, Casey Hampton,\",\n \"title\": \"Riddell Sports Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14406166\",\n \"text\": \"to 7.6% of the players wearing the older model helmets. High school players wearing the Revolution helmet were 31% less likely to experience a concussion. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center later disavowed these results, citing problems with the design of the study, according to the book \\\"League of Denial\\\". The Federal Trade Commission also conducted an independent investigation into the safety claims made by Riddell. It concluded that \\\"the study did not substantiate Riddell’s claim that Revolution varsity football helmets reduce concussions or the risk of concussion by 31% compared to other varsity football helmets.\\\" It also invalidated all\",\n \"title\": \"Revolution helmets\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14406165\",\n \"text\": \"medical attention, there is currently no medically conclusive method of determining which impacts might lead to a concussion. The Revolution was first distributed in 2002. As of 2007, Riddell had sold 750,000 Revolution helmets. One major study on the helmet’s effectiveness (funded by Riddell) was conducted by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The research compared the Revolution helmet with other models. 2,000 high school players participated in the study which took place over the course of three years. The study's results showed that 5.4% of the athletes wearing the Revolution helmet suffered a concussion during a game as opposed\",\n \"title\": \"Revolution helmets\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9971889\",\n \"text\": \"was twice married: Riddell kept his divorce secret, until the publisher Sir Hedley Le Bas revealed it in 1915. At the time the social stigma attached to his divorce, where legally he was the guilty party, would have ruled out his elevation to the peerage in 1920. Lloyd George insisted, with press magnates, against the king's wishes. The award of the barony broke through a significant parliamentary convention. Dying on 5 December 1934, aged 69, Riddell was childless, and his baronetcy and barony became extinct. George Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell George Allardice Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell (25 May 1865 –\",\n \"title\": \"George Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14406162\",\n \"text\": \"gives by up to a quarter of an inch (6 mm), helping to absorb the impact. The Revolution helmet was conceived in an attempt to reduce the risk of head injuries such as concussions. What research has been done on the helmet's efficacy so far has been inconclusive. The Speed Helmet is the most recent addition to the Revolution series of helmets made by Riddell. The helmet is designed around the head’s center of gravity, and is intended to reduce the prevalence of concussions. Recent data has brought the issues of football concussions to the public attention. An estimated 5\",\n \"title\": \"Revolution helmets\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9971884\",\n \"text\": \"George Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell George Allardice Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell (25 May 1865 – 5 December 1934), known as Sir George Riddell, Bt, between 1918 and 1920, was a British solicitor, newspaper proprietor and public servant. Riddell was born at 2 Stanhope Place, Loughborough Road, Brixton Heath, London, the son of James Riddell, a photographer, and Isabel (née Young). He was educated privately, became a clerk in a solicitor's office, and qualified as a solicitor himself in 1888, taking top place in his final exams. After making a fortune Riddell left the law and went into the newspaper business.\",\n \"title\": \"George Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12693748\",\n \"text\": \"Campbell Drummond Riddell Campbell Drummond Riddell (9 January 1796 – 1858) was an Australian Colonial public servant who served as Colonial Treasurer. Riddell was the son of Thomas Milles Riddell (d.1796) and Margaretta, née Campbell. He was the grandson of Sir James Riddell Bt who was created first baronet, of Ardnamurchan, Argyllshire, Scotland. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, but he did not take a degree. Upon joining the Colonial Service he served in Ceylon, where he met and married his wife, and later in Sydney, New South Wales where he served as the Colonial Treasurer. After retiring from\",\n \"title\": \"Campbell Drummond Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6441869\",\n \"text\": \"their city of their dignity and leaving them naked. Riddell resigned from being minister at Ponsonby Baptist in 1993. He became a lecturer in theological education, teaching under the University of Auckland School of Theology bachelor's degree. In 1997, Flamingo published his first novel, \\\"The Insatiable Moon\\\". Riddell moved to Dunedin, where he has become a Catholic layman, and now writes full-time. This has resulted in another ten books, a play, \\\"Jerusalem, Jerusalem\\\", and a screenplay of \\\"The Insatiable Moon\\\", a feature film released in New Zealand in October 2010. In 2006 Riddell shifted to the Waikato, where he now\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6441870\",\n \"text\": \"resides in Cambridge. In 2003 he completed his PhD through the University of Otago, on James K. Baxter’s contribution to New Zealand spirituality. Mike Riddell Michael Riddell (born 23 March 1953 in Porirua East, New Zealand) is a Dunedin, New Zealand-based writer. Riddell was born in Porirua East (now Cannons Creek, New Zealand), and began schooling at Porirua East Primary School. He was the youngest of a family of four, with two sisters and a brother. His family moved to Christchurch, where he continued schooling at Northcote Primary School, while living near the Styx River. Secondary schooling took place at\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6441865\",\n \"text\": \"Mike Riddell Michael Riddell (born 23 March 1953 in Porirua East, New Zealand) is a Dunedin, New Zealand-based writer. Riddell was born in Porirua East (now Cannons Creek, New Zealand), and began schooling at Porirua East Primary School. He was the youngest of a family of four, with two sisters and a brother. His family moved to Christchurch, where he continued schooling at Northcote Primary School, while living near the Styx River. Secondary schooling took place at Christchurch Boys' High School, complete with Army Cadets and regular rugby. In the sixth form, he switched from sciences to arts. He flew\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15706897\",\n \"text\": \"William Riddell William Riddell (1807–1847) was a Roman Catholic bishop who briefly served as the Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District of England in 1847. He was born at Felton Park, near Morpeth, Northumberland, England on 5 February 1807, the son of Ralph Riddell and Elizabeth Blount. He began his education at Stonyhurst College in Lancashire on 21 September 1817, and then to the English College, Rome on 29 November 1823, where he completed his theological studies. He was ordained a sub-deacon on 22 March 1828, a deacon in August 1829, and a priest in March 1830. After leaving Rome\",\n \"title\": \"William Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14555864\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Riddell Richard V. Riddell is an American lighting designer. He graduated from Knox College with a B.A. with honors in 1972. In 1978, he received his doctorate from Stanford University. He has had extensive teaching experience, working at such schools as the University of California, San Diego, Harvard University. He finally moved to Duke University, where he became vice president as well as university secretary and assistant to the president, Richard H. Brodhead. Riddell has also worked on numerous shows, including two Broadway shows: \\\"A Walk in the Woods\\\" and \\\"Big River\\\". He mostly designed lighting for the shows,\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9434776\",\n \"text\": \"in Northumberland was also acquired by the Riddells. In 1296 Sir William Riddell of Riddell appears on the Ragman Rolls swearing fealty to Edward I of England. In 1628 Sir John Riddell was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia. His lands were then erected into a barony and regality of New Riddell. His third son was William Riddell who was knighted by Charles I of England and served in the wars in the Netherlands. The Reverend Archibald Riddell, third son of the second baronet, was imprisoned because he would not renounce his Covenanter beliefs. A prominent seventeenth century merchant in\",\n \"title\": \"Clan Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20348345\",\n \"text\": \"2006 she was appointed a Family Court judge, sitting in Hamilton. Riddell has also served as a Council member of the Otago District Law Society, and President of the Otago Women Lawyers Society. Riddell began acting at the Downstage Theatre in Wellington in the 1970s. In 2007, her short film \\\"Cake Tin\\\" won the Sandcastle Award at the 2007 Moondance Film Festival. In 2009, Riddell directed a feature film \\\"The Insatiable Moon,\\\" based on a novel by her husband Mike Riddell. She is also Deputy Chair of the Fortune Theatre Board. Rosemary Riddell Rosemary Riddell is an actor, film director\",\n \"title\": \"Rosemary Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11246066\",\n \"text\": \"extinct on his death. The Riddell Baronetcy, of Walton in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 31 January 1918 for George Allardice Riddell. Sir George was a prominent newspaper proprietor who was subsequently created Baron Riddell. Thus the baronetcy became a subsidiary title until it became extinct on his death in 1934. The heir apparent is the present holder's only son Finlay John Riddell (born 2001). Riddell baronets There have been three baronetcies created for people with the surname Riddell, one in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, one in the Baronetage of\",\n \"title\": \"Riddell baronets\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11246063\",\n \"text\": \"Riddell baronets There have been three baronetcies created for people with the surname Riddell, one in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. As of 2014 one creation is extant. The Riddell Baronetcy, of Riddell in the County of Roxburgh, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 14 May 1628 for John Riddell. Sir John Riddell's lands were erected into the barony and regality of New Riddell. Sir John’s third son, William, was knighted by Charles I and later served in the Eighty Years'\",\n \"title\": \"Riddell baronets\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18437309\",\n \"text\": \"body) also places the final use of the helmets within the class of votive offerings. Figures of twins with horns from a similar period and region are known - these included bronze figurines wearing horned helments found at Grevensvænge (Grevensvænge figurines), and horned twins of a horse's yoke found at Fogdarp. Related horned imagery has also been found on razors (Vestrup razor), and rock-carvings from a similar place/period. Veksø helmets The Veksø helmets (or Viksø helmets) are a pair of bronze age ceremonial horned helmets found near Veksø in Zealand, Denmark. In 1942 a workman was digging (c. 0.7m below\",\n \"title\": \"Veksø helmets\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3311510\",\n \"text\": \"Riddell, the Conservative Party and the Prime Minister quietly settled the case. The settlement was announced by a one-sentence joint news release by the Conservative Party and Alan Riddell, issued on an early Saturday morning: \\\"The Conservative Party of Canada and Alan Riddell announce they have mutually settled all legal proceedings brought by Mr. Riddell against the Conservative Party of Canada and Conservative party officials.\\\" \\\"Ottawa Citizen\\\" May 18, 2005 pg. A.12 suspended\\\" \\\"Ottawa Citizen\\\". June 21, 2004. pg. A.7 Citizen\\\" December 6, 2005. pg. A.3 A.5 Alan Riddell Alan Riddell is a bilingual labour relations lawyer and partner with\",\n \"title\": \"Alan Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20636735\",\n \"text\": \"Sir James Milles Riddell, 2nd Baronet Sir James Milles Riddell (sometimes shown as James Milne Riddell) FRSE DCL, 2nd Baronet of Ardnamurchan and Sunart (1787–1861) was a 19th-century Scottish landowner and agricultural improver. He was born on 3 June 1787 the son of Thomas Riddell, and his wife, Margaretta Campbell. His grandfather Sir James Riddell, 1st Baronet of Arnamurchan and Sunart outlived his father Thomas, and on James' death in 1797 James Milles Riddell became 2nd baronet at the age of ten. They lived at the family estate of Strontian in Argyleshire where in 1791 Thomas Charles Hope first discovered\",\n \"title\": \"Sir James Milles Riddell, 2nd Baronet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8927811\",\n \"text\": \"away from his chapel. Due to the distance and oftentimes bad weather, the commute and conditions were often difficult for Riddell and he was once described as preaching while water dripped from his sleeves onto his bible. Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch would eventually give him the cottage of Teviothead, where he would reside for the rest of his life. Riddell married Eliza Clark sometime in 1833, and they would have three sons. Walter Scott Riddell was born in 1835 and would eventually work for The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, moving to Hong Kong, China. He\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Riddell (poet)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6981104\",\n \"text\": \"Carse, the estate owned by Riddell in Nithsdale. Burns asked successfully for the return of the poetry volume which had already been given to Riddell; the second had not been completed. The manuscripts are now in the possession of the National Library of Scotland. Riddell was the author of \\\"A Collection of Scotch, Galwegian and Border Tunes\\\", a collection of music mostly from the western Border country, which was published posthumously. While the title page describes the music as \\\"for the violin and pianoforte\\\", many of the tunes have the characteristic idiom, 9-note range and mixolydian mode of music for\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9434778\",\n \"text\": \"was a professional soldier who campaigned in New Zealand and Afghanistan during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The current chief is Walter John Buchanan Riddell (b. 1974), son of the late Sir John Charles Buchanan Riddell who died in 2010. Clan Riddell Clan Riddell is a Lowland Scottish clan. One theory for the origin of the name Riddell is that the family were from Gascony and came to Scotland via Ryedale in Yorkshire. However, it is much more likely that the name is of Norman origin. In 1116, Gervase Ridale was a witness to a charter of David I of Scotland.\",\n \"title\": \"Clan Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8207347\",\n \"text\": \"Tigers coach Tim Sheens made it clear that Riddell was unlikely to get much game time with the first grade side, barring injury, rep duties or suspension of star hooker Robbie Farah. Linking to the Roosters ensured Riddell would reunite with Brian Smith, whom he played under at the Eels for one and a half seasons. Also in 2011, Riddell was recruited by the \\\"Sydney Morning Herald\\\" to write a weekly column. It was published for that year only. Riddell announced his retirement in June 2011. In 2012, Riddell was simultaneously coach of the Australian women's team and the Sydney\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6981103\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Riddell Captain Robert Riddell (1755–1794), Laird of Friar's Carse, near Dumfries. A friend of Robert Burns, who made him a collection of his poems which later became famous, and wrote a poem 'Sonnet On The Death Of Robert Riddell' in memory of him when he died. The Glenriddell Manuscripts, an important autograph text of two volumes, one containing more than 50 poems, and the other 27 letters by Burns, were written for Riddell between 1791 and 1793. The poet's friendship with the Riddell family ended suddenly in December 1793 as the result of a mysterious drunken incident at Friar's\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4966974\",\n \"text\": \"1985. Easily re-elected again in the 1987 provincial election, Riddell remained Agriculture Minister until August 2, 1989. He did not run for re-election in 1990. Riddell was president of the Ontario Agricultural Hall of Fame Association in 2003-04, and has served as president of the Ontario Institute of Agrologists. He is also a prominent member of Heartland Community Credit Union Ltd, which was merged to for United Communities Credit Union, and later Libro Credit Union. On June 11th, 2017, Riddell was inducted into the Ontario Agriculture Hall of Fame. Jack Riddell John Keith Riddell (born December 10, 1931) is a\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3748522\",\n \"text\": \"In May 2010, Carleton University announced the creation of Canada's first graduate program in political management, Clayton H. Riddell Graduate Program in Political Management, made possible through a donation from Riddell that is the largest in Carleton's history. He was married to Vi Thorarinson, a nurse for 49 years until her death from leukemia in 2012. They had three daughters and a son together, Lynne, Sue, Jim and Brenda. Riddell died on September 15, 2018, after a short illness. Clay Riddell Clayton Howard Riddell, OC (July 13, 1937 – September 15, 2018) was a Canadian billionaire businessman who was the\",\n \"title\": \"Clay Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3748520\",\n \"text\": \"Clay Riddell Clayton Howard Riddell, OC (July 13, 1937 – September 15, 2018) was a Canadian billionaire businessman who was the founder, president and CEO of Paramount Resources, based in Calgary, Alberta. He was born on a farm near Treherne, Manitoba on July 13, 1937, the youngest child of Cecil Howard Riddell and Bertha Maude Riddell nee Taylor. Riddell earned with a bachelor's degree in geology from the University of Manitoba. He also was part owner of the Calgary Flames and high-end Calgary restaurant Catch. With an estimated net worth of $US 2.5 billion (as of March 2011), he was\",\n \"title\": \"Clay Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20348344\",\n \"text\": \"Rosemary Riddell Rosemary Riddell is an actor, film director and Family Court judge from New Zealand. Riddell was born and educated in Auckland. She began her career working in broadcasting and public relations, then went overseas and met her husband Mike Riddell in London. After their three children had started school, Riddell enrolled to study law at university, and was admitted to the bar in 1992. She worked in family law for Gaze Burt in Auckland, and in 1997 she moved to Dunedin to join Gallaway Haggitt Sinclair. She was made a partner in the firm in 1999, and in\",\n \"title\": \"Rosemary Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16187783\",\n \"text\": \"Neil Riddell Neil Anthony Riddell (born 16 July 1947) is a former English cricketer. Riddell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Staindrop, County Durham. Riddell made his debut for Durham in the 1972 Minor Counties Championship against Cumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham throughout the remainder of the 1970s. In the 1973 Gillette Cup Riddell made his List A debut for Durham against Yorkshire, in what was a famous victory over their County Championship opponents. He made seven further List A appearances for Durham in the 1970s. In 1976 he made\",\n \"title\": \"Neil Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11849154\",\n \"text\": \"work he also regularly works in theatre productions. Riddell was born in Glasgow, the son of teacher and former actress Hope Ross and former St Mirren and Berwick Rangers footballer Ian Riddell. He graduated from the University of Strathclyde with a degree in business before training at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, graduating in 1990. His partner is the actress Frances Carrigan; they have twins. Riddell took the part of Roj Blake in the three-part Blake's 7 audio drama broadcast on BBC Radio in 2007. Derek Riddell Derek Riddell (born 11 January 1967) is a Scottish television\",\n \"title\": \"Derek Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10255779\",\n \"text\": \"on the torture enquiry, in 2010 Riddell was appointed to the Privy Council to permit easier access to secret information, entitling him to the style \\\"The Right Honourable\\\". On 25 November 2010, Riddell was awarded the President's Medal by the British Academy \\\"for an outstanding record as the producer of an informed picture of the inner workings of Whitehall, high politics and the party battle\\\". In the 2012 Birthday Honours, Riddell was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for \\\"services to journalism and for public service\\\". Peter Riddell The Rt Hon Peter John Robert Riddell CBE\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12819311\",\n \"text\": \"Contacts” after Fenway Partners sold 1-800 Contacts to WellPoint Inc., a health benefits firm, for a sum of roughly $900 million. Riddell Sports Group On July 7, 2003, Fenway Partners proudly announced their acquisition of Riddell Sports Group a sporting goods manufacturer. Riddell helmets are won by more than 85% of NFL players, and in 2002 they released the first computer engineered football helmet in its efforts to help reduce concussions among athletes. As the leading manufacturer of football helmets, among other products such as pads and collectible replica items, Riddell posted revenues of over $100 million in 2002, the\",\n \"title\": \"Fenway Partners\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18437246\",\n \"text\": \"the River Bidasoa in 1813. Riddell served as Commander-in-Chief, Scotland and also as Governor of Edinburgh Castle from 1847 to 1852. He was also colonel of the 6th Regiment of Foot. Riddell is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard in central Edinburgh. Henry Riddell General Henry James Riddell KH (died 8 March 1861) was a British Army officer who became Commander-in-Chief, Scotland. Riddell was commissioned in 1798 and took part in the Battle of Copenhagen in August 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars. He became a major in 50th Regiment of Foot on 12 December 1807 and transferred to the 79th Regiment of\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15371431\",\n \"text\": \"Victor Riddell Victor Horsley Hume Riddell (23 July 1905 – 9 August 1976) was an English cricketer. Riddell was a right-handed batsman who fielded primarily as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Hermeston Hall, Yorkshire and was educated at Clifton College. Riddell played two Minor Counties Championship matches for Devon in 1924 against the Surrey Second XI and Berkshire. Two years later he made his first-class debut for Cambridge University against Lancashire. He played four further first-class matches in 1926 for the University, the last of which came against Oxford University. In his 5 first-class matches, Riddell scored 48 runs\",\n \"title\": \"Victor Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18148854\",\n \"text\": \"John Carre Riddell John Carre Riddell (4 June 1809 – 22 December 1879) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), a member of the Victorian Legislative Council and later, the Victorian Legislative Assembly. Riddell (pronounced \\\"Riddle\\\") was born in Linthill, Lilliesleaf, Roxburghshire, Scotland, the third son of Thomas Riddell, of Camieston, and his wife Jane, \\\"née\\\" Ferrier. Riddell was educated at the High School, Edinburgh, and at the University of Edinburgh. He arrived in Sydney aboard the \\\"Abberton\\\" on 20 August 1839 with his cousin Thomas Ferrier Hamilton and the pair rode to Melbourne the following month. Riddell was a\",\n \"title\": \"John Carre Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8207339\",\n \"text\": \"his size and build. During the season he became a regular goal-kicker for the club where he developed a distinctive 'raised arm' motion before he would take the kick. Fans in the crowd would mimic this action. Riddell had an impressive début season in first grade with the Dragons finishing the season as the club's top scorer with 130 points and cemented his position in the side as hooker. During his second season with the Dragons Riddell would again have a good season not only impressing club staff and fans with his quickly evolving running game from dummy-half, goal kicking\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6441867\",\n \"text\": \"Riddell was involved in protest against the 1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand. The family moved to Switzerland in 1982, where Riddell pursued postgraduate studies in Theology at an international seminary near Zurich, graduating summa cum laude at the end of 1984. He returned to New Zealand, and was ordained and appointed minister of Ponsonby Baptist Church, a small congregation in the central city. Here he was to remain for some 9 years. He held a variety of jobs concurrent with that of minister, as a journalist for \\\"New Outlook\\\", a current affairs journal, and later as\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8207348\",\n \"text\": \"Roosters SG Ball Cup side. He was also playing for The Oaks in the Group 6 country competition. Riddell is currently a commentator for Sydney radio station 2GB as well as co-hosting Macquarie Sports Radio breakfast show with fellow 2GB commentator Mark Levy. Riddell is married to Carly and has 3 children. Mark Riddell Mark Robert Riddell (born 9 December 1980) is an Australian rugby league commentator and former professional player. A City New South Wales representative goal-kicking , he played in the National Rugby League (NRL) for the St George Illawarra Dragons, Parramatta Eels and Sydney Roosters and in\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8207346\",\n \"text\": \"years of his three-year contract. In 2010, Riddell was part of the Warriors side that won both the League Leaders' Shield and the Grand Final, adding his name to the Grand Final score sheet by successfully kicking a penalty goal. After the 2010 season, Riddell was released from the last year of his contract so that he could return to Australia to tend to his ill mother. After his release from Wigan in 2010, Riddell made his return to NRL for the 2011 season, this time with the Sydney Roosters. Riddell was poised to sign with the Wests Tigers, however\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8207345\",\n \"text\": \"was intoxicated. His axing, along with that of Tim Smith's, was the first piece of action taken by Jason Taylor who just moments earlier was appointed caretaker coach following long-serving coach Brian Smith's dismissal. In the 2007 NRL season, Riddell made 23 appearances for Parramatta as the club made the preliminary final but fell short of a grand final appearance losing to Melbourne 26-10. Riddell stayed with at Parramatta through the 2008 season, playing a total of 86 games for the Eels. Riddell signed a three-year deal with the Wigan Warriors starting from 2009. Riddell played for Wigan for two\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7125677\",\n \"text\": \"illustrated several books written by each of four other authors. Some of these awards and related honours may have recognised the writers of books Riddell illustrated. The three Greenaway Medals, two commendations, and three shortlists recognised Riddell as illustrator. Chris Riddell Chris Riddell ( ) (born 13 April 1962) is a British illustrator and occasional writer of children's books and a political cartoonist for the \\\"Observer\\\". He has won three Kate Greenaway Medals, the British librarians' annual award for the best-illustrated children's book, and two of his works were commended runners-up, a distinction dropped after 2002. Books that he wrote\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3662787\",\n \"text\": \"medal winning game for Canada. In 2006, she helped Canada win silver at the Commonwealth games in Melbourne, Australia. Riddell was awarded best goalkeeper of the 2009 World Championships in Rome, Italy, when Canada won the silver medal. Rachel Riddell Rachel Riddell (born September 5, 1984 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian water polo goaltender. Riddell is a student at Loyola Marymount University. She was part of the 4th place women's water polo team at the 2003 world championships in Barcelona, Spain. She was awarded best goalkeeper at the 2003 World Junior Championships in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, when the Canadian\",\n \"title\": \"Rachel Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3662786\",\n \"text\": \"Rachel Riddell Rachel Riddell (born September 5, 1984 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian water polo goaltender. Riddell is a student at Loyola Marymount University. She was part of the 4th place women's water polo team at the 2003 world championships in Barcelona, Spain. She was awarded best goalkeeper at the 2003 World Junior Championships in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, when the Canadian team won the gold medal. Since 2003 Rachel Riddell has been a member of Canada's senior women's water polo team. At the 2005 Fina aquatic games, in Montreal, Canada, she won acclaim for her play in the bronze\",\n \"title\": \"Rachel Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3311508\",\n \"text\": \"existence. After the Conservative victory in the election, Conservative Party officials refused to honour the agreement, and Riddell was eventually forced to apply to the Ontario Superior Court of Justice for a Court Order that it be implemented. On January 11, 2007, after a two-day court hearing, Judge Denis Power of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice issued a decision confirming that the Party's agreement with Riddell was legally binding, and ordering it to immediately pay Riddell. The Judge ruled that when Riddell had stepped aside for Cutler, he had been \\\"the preferred choice of the clear majority\\\" and that\",\n \"title\": \"Alan Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18824259\",\n \"text\": \"Year Honours for charity work in Boston for Bangladesh. Mary Riddell Mary Carmella Riddell (born 19 April 1952) is a British journalist. She has been a newspaper columnist for \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\", and served as the newspaper's assistant editor. Riddell was born in Grimsby and attended She attended Boston High School, a girls' grammar school. She studied Modern Languages at the University of Nottingham. She grew up in a catholic family with sisters Sheila and Maddi and brother John. Her sister is Prof Sheila Riddell (born 2 December 1953) an academic at University of Edinburgh and Director of the Centre\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18824257\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Riddell Mary Carmella Riddell (born 19 April 1952) is a British journalist. She has been a newspaper columnist for \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\", and served as the newspaper's assistant editor. Riddell was born in Grimsby and attended She attended Boston High School, a girls' grammar school. She studied Modern Languages at the University of Nottingham. She grew up in a catholic family with sisters Sheila and Maddi and brother John. Her sister is Prof Sheila Riddell (born 2 December 1953) an academic at University of Edinburgh and Director of the Centre for Research in Education Inclusion and Diversity (CREID), who\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18714843\",\n \"text\": \"to Hampton Court. In 1807, she married a Welsh landowner, Phillips Lloyd Fletcher, and is buried in the Fletcher family vault at Chester. Maria Riddell Maria Banks Riddell (née Woodley; 1772–1808) was a West Indies-born poet, naturalist, editor and travel writer, who was resident in Scotland and Wales. Robert Burns paid tribute to her as \\\"a votary of the Muses\\\". Maria Woodley was the daughter of William Woodley, Governor of the Leeward Islands. In 1791 she married Walter Riddell of Glenriddell, younger brother of Robert Burns's patron Robert Riddell, and the pair set up house at an estate called Woodley\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18714841\",\n \"text\": \"Maria Riddell Maria Banks Riddell (née Woodley; 1772–1808) was a West Indies-born poet, naturalist, editor and travel writer, who was resident in Scotland and Wales. Robert Burns paid tribute to her as \\\"a votary of the Muses\\\". Maria Woodley was the daughter of William Woodley, Governor of the Leeward Islands. In 1791 she married Walter Riddell of Glenriddell, younger brother of Robert Burns's patron Robert Riddell, and the pair set up house at an estate called Woodley Park (now known as Goldielea) in the historical county of Kirkcudbrightshire. Burns, a guest at literary parties there, became a close friend and\",\n \"title\": \"Maria Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18445837\",\n \"text\": \"art movement at this time Riddell connected with other Māori clay artists, including Colleen Waata Urlich and Manos Nathan and spent time working alongside them at workshops and hui (meetings). In 1986, with Manos Nathan, Riddell was a co-founder of Ngā Kaihanga Uku, the national Māori clayworkers’ organisation in Aotearoa New Zealand. In 1989 he and Nathan were awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to establish an exchange with Native American artists. In 2011 he was awarded the Creative New Zealand Craft/Object Fellowship. Baye Riddell Baye Pewhairangi Riddell (born 1950) is a New Zealand ceramicist, composer and musician of Ngāti Porou and\",\n \"title\": \"Baye Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18445835\",\n \"text\": \"Baye Riddell Baye Pewhairangi Riddell (born 1950) is a New Zealand ceramicist, composer and musician of Ngāti Porou and descent. Riddell was born in Tokomaru Bay in 1950 and began working with clay in the early 1970s, while living in Christchurch. His early work fits within the contemporary movement in New Zealand craft pottery, largely influenced by the Anglo-Orientalism of Bernard Leach and Japanese potters who were influential in New Zealand, such as Shoji Hamada. Riddell, who had become distant from his Māori heritage, started putting Māori motifs on his pots, and in 1974 he became a full-time potter, the\",\n \"title\": \"Baye Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17090582\",\n \"text\": \"Brad Riddell Brad Riddell is an American professor and screenwriter whose works include \\\"\\\" (2005), and \\\"\\\" (2009). Riddell has written four produced feature films on assignment for Paramount, MTV, Universal and independent producers. Brad’s first film, \\\"\\\", remains the highest-grossing live action DVD release in history, selling two million copies and reaching syndication on TBS. His most recent film, \\\"Crooked Arrows\\\", was released nationally in theaters in 2012, and is the first mainstream lacrosse movie ever produced. Riddell taught MFA and BFA screenwriting courses at USC for seven years. He then went on to teach undergraduate courses at SUNY\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16073768\",\n \"text\": \"14–5 at Carlaw Park. Jim Riddell Charles James Riddell is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand in the 1957 World Cup. Riddell played in the Auckland Rugby League competition and first represented Auckland in 1953 against the American All Stars side. He was first selected for the 1955 series against France and toured Great Britain and France later that year. He also toured Australia in 1956 and was part of the 1957 World Cup squad. He played in nine test matches for the Kiwis between 1955 and 1957. In 1960 Riddell was part of the Auckland\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16073767\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Riddell Charles James Riddell is a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand in the 1957 World Cup. Riddell played in the Auckland Rugby League competition and first represented Auckland in 1953 against the American All Stars side. He was first selected for the 1955 series against France and toured Great Britain and France later that year. He also toured Australia in 1956 and was part of the 1957 World Cup squad. He played in nine test matches for the Kiwis between 1955 and 1957. In 1960 Riddell was part of the Auckland side that defeated France\",\n \"title\": \"Jim Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11235442\",\n \"text\": \"she had no first-hand knowledge. When she wrote \\\"The Moors and the Fens\\\" she had never seen the district. Her publications included: Charlotte Riddell Charlotte Riddell, known also as Mrs J. H. Riddell (30 September 1832 – 24 September 1906), was a highly popular and influential Irish-born writer in the Victorian period. The author of 56 books, novels and short stories, she was also part-owner and editor of \\\"St. James's Magazine\\\", a prominent London literary journal in the 1860s. Born Charlotte Eliza Lawson Cowan in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland on 30 September 1832, Riddell was the youngest daughter of James\",\n \"title\": \"Charlotte Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11235437\",\n \"text\": \"Charlotte Riddell Charlotte Riddell, known also as Mrs J. H. Riddell (30 September 1832 – 24 September 1906), was a highly popular and influential Irish-born writer in the Victorian period. The author of 56 books, novels and short stories, she was also part-owner and editor of \\\"St. James's Magazine\\\", a prominent London literary journal in the 1860s. Born Charlotte Eliza Lawson Cowan in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland on 30 September 1832, Riddell was the youngest daughter of James Cowan of Carrickfergus, high sheriff for the county of Antrim, and Ellen Kilshaw of Liverpool, England. In the winter of 1855, four\",\n \"title\": \"Charlotte Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18437303\",\n \"text\": \"Veksø helmets The Veksø helmets (or Viksø helmets) are a pair of bronze age ceremonial horned helmets found near Veksø in Zealand, Denmark. In 1942 a workman was digging (c. 0.7m below the moss surface) at a peat bog extraction site in Brøns Mose, Viksø when he felt his spade go through something hard. Thought to be waste, the find was set aside. On later inspection, though, it was found to be a decorated bronze object with an associated wooden plate with a groove - which appeared to have been a stand for a helmet. A subsequent archaeological investigation at\",\n \"title\": \"Veksø helmets\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15371432\",\n \"text\": \"at a batting average of 8.00, with a high score of 13*. Behind the stumps he took three catches and made three stumpings. He died in Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire on 9 August 1976. Victor Riddell Victor Horsley Hume Riddell (23 July 1905 – 9 August 1976) was an English cricketer. Riddell was a right-handed batsman who fielded primarily as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Hermeston Hall, Yorkshire and was educated at Clifton College. Riddell played two Minor Counties Championship matches for Devon in 1924 against the Surrey Second XI and Berkshire. Two years later he made his first-class debut for\",\n \"title\": \"Victor Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18148855\",\n \"text\": \"nominated member of the Victorian Legislative Council from 21 June 1852 until the original Council was abolished in March 1856. He succeeded Charles Griffith. Riddell was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of West Bourke from February 1860 until April 1877. Riddells Creek was named after John Riddell. John Carre Riddell John Carre Riddell (4 June 1809 – 22 December 1879) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), a member of the Victorian Legislative Council and later, the Victorian Legislative Assembly. Riddell (pronounced \\\"Riddle\\\") was born in Linthill, Lilliesleaf, Roxburghshire, Scotland, the third son of\",\n \"title\": \"John Carre Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17804623\",\n \"text\": \"John Riddell (genealogist) John Riddell (1785–8 February 1862) was a Scottish peerage lawyer and genealogist. He was eldest son of Anne, eldest daughter of John Glassford of Dougalston, by Anne, daughter of Sir John Nisbet of Dean, and Henry Riddell of Little Govan. Educated for the law, he was called to the Scottish bar in 1807. Riddell made genealogy and Scottish peerage law a special study. He prepared the Crawford and Montrose peerage cases for James Lindsay, 24th Earl of Crawford. Riddell died unmarried at his house, 57 Melville Street, Edinburgh, on 8 February 1862. He was buried in the\",\n \"title\": \"John Riddell (genealogist)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13839016\",\n \"text\": \"and married Anna Crossen, daughter of the company's founder. Riddell died in Toronto in 1945. William Renwick Riddell William Renwick Riddell (6 April 1852 – 18 February 1945) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and historian. Riddell was born in Hamilton Township, Ontario and attended Cobourg Grammar School and Victoria College. He was called to the bar in 1883, and conducted a law practice in Cobourg until he moved to Toronto in 1893. Riddell was appointed as judge to the Supreme Court of Ontario in 1906. As a historian, he published numerous works of legal, medical and social history, including biographies\",\n \"title\": \"William Renwick Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13839015\",\n \"text\": \"William Renwick Riddell William Renwick Riddell (6 April 1852 – 18 February 1945) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and historian. Riddell was born in Hamilton Township, Ontario and attended Cobourg Grammar School and Victoria College. He was called to the bar in 1883, and conducted a law practice in Cobourg until he moved to Toronto in 1893. Riddell was appointed as judge to the Supreme Court of Ontario in 1906. As a historian, he published numerous works of legal, medical and social history, including biographies of William Kirby and John Graves Simcoe. Riddell was President of Crossen Car Manufacturing Company\",\n \"title\": \"William Renwick Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12693749\",\n \"text\": \"the colonial service he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council. He also served as President of the Australian Club. He died in England in 1858. Campbell Drummond Riddell Campbell Drummond Riddell (9 January 1796 – 1858) was an Australian Colonial public servant who served as Colonial Treasurer. Riddell was the son of Thomas Milles Riddell (d.1796) and Margaretta, née Campbell. He was the grandson of Sir James Riddell Bt who was created first baronet, of Ardnamurchan, Argyllshire, Scotland. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, but he did not take a degree. Upon joining the Colonial Service\",\n \"title\": \"Campbell Drummond Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12646734\",\n \"text\": \"numbers have been listed in the court documents. The consensus from lawyers on both sides is that the lawsuits could take years to be sorted out. Nobody associated with the players, the league, or Riddell was even \\\"willing to guess how long it could be\\\" during discussions with the AP. Riddell Sports Group Riddell Sports Group is an American company specializing in sports equipment for American football. It was headquartered in Rosemont, Illinois; in 2017 the company relocated to a new facility in adjacent Des Plaines, Illinois. The company was started by John Tate Riddell. Riddell first invented the removable\",\n \"title\": \"Riddell Sports Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12646728\",\n \"text\": \"Riddell Sports Group Riddell Sports Group is an American company specializing in sports equipment for American football. It was headquartered in Rosemont, Illinois; in 2017 the company relocated to a new facility in adjacent Des Plaines, Illinois. The company was started by John Tate Riddell. Riddell first invented the removable cleat and then went on to invent the first ever plastic suspension helmet in 1939. In 2008, Dan Arment was appointed president of Riddell. Arment previously worked as executive vice-president and general manager of mass-market business for BRG Sports, Riddell's parent company, which is owned by private equity firm Fenway\",\n \"title\": \"Riddell Sports Group\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7125673\",\n \"text\": \"Greenaway again, this time for his work on \\\"Jonathan Swift's \\\"Gulliver\\\"\\\" (Walker, 2004), retold by Martin Jenkins from the 1726 classic \\\"Gulliver's Travels\\\". The panel chair commented, \\\"\\\"Gulliver\\\" is a tour de force. Chris Riddell has given us 144 pages of fantastic, faultless illustrations, which constantly extend the power of the text. Our winning title also proves that today's picture books are not just for the youngest age-groups, but are [also] an important source of pleasure and learning for readers of all ages.\\\" Other books illustrated by Chris Riddell include \\\"Fergus Crane\\\", \\\"Corby Flood\\\", and \\\"Hugo Pepper\\\", all set in\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6981106\",\n \"text\": \"distinct - Riddell's variation set on \\\"Cut and Dry Dolly\\\" is very different from Peacock's, though they do have material in common. Some minor differences are significant - Peacock's \\\"Johnnie stays long at the Fair\\\", and Riddell's \\\"Willie stays lang at the Fair\\\" are melodically very similar, but Peacock's version is an adaptation to Northumbrian pipes, while Riddell's makes more sense on Border pipes. Comparison of the two suggests that Peacock adapted a tune from Border pipes to Northumbrian pipes, making some melodic changes to fit the instrument. Robert Riddell Captain Robert Riddell (1755–1794), Laird of Friar's Carse, near Dumfries.\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19754570\",\n \"text\": \"Park facilities are concentrated in the northern section of the park, with the southern section consisting primarily of trails and access roads. The park includes Mud Lake, a spring-fed pond that features a dwarf shrub bog at its edges. The bog includes floating mats of sphagnum moss, carnivorous plants, and peat deposits greater than deep in places. Robert V. Riddell State Park Robert V. Riddell State Park is a state park in Otsego and Delaware counties, New York. The park is located approximately from Cooperstown. Robert V. Riddell State Park began as a gift to the state by Patricia Riddell\",\n \"title\": \"Robert V. Riddell State Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10295640\",\n \"text\": \"and I want to test it a trifle further.\\\" The John Riddell Murder Case The John Riddell Murder Case is a novel written by Corey Ford under the pseudonym of John Riddell. It was published in 1930. Subtitled \\\"A Philo Vance Parody\\\", it also mocks a number of other best-selling books and authors of the time period. Acting in response to an incomprehensibly phrased note in Walter Winchell's gossip column predicting that John Riddell will be murdered at 9:00 that morning, Philo Vance alerts the police and travels with the narrator to Riddell's home, only to find that they are\",\n \"title\": \"The John Riddell Murder Case\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10295638\",\n \"text\": \"The John Riddell Murder Case The John Riddell Murder Case is a novel written by Corey Ford under the pseudonym of John Riddell. It was published in 1930. Subtitled \\\"A Philo Vance Parody\\\", it also mocks a number of other best-selling books and authors of the time period. Acting in response to an incomprehensibly phrased note in Walter Winchell's gossip column predicting that John Riddell will be murdered at 9:00 that morning, Philo Vance alerts the police and travels with the narrator to Riddell's home, only to find that they are too late. As might be expected from a work\",\n \"title\": \"The John Riddell Murder Case\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18262301\",\n \"text\": \"first gulf war, Riddell was temporarily moved with his family to Perth (Western Australia). One year later, he returned to the Middle East with his parents and then finally back to the United Kingdom where he completed his education. Riddell currently lives in Melbourne, Australia. Riddell's career started in the United Kingdom in the IT and telecommunications sector. He moved in his mid twenties to Saudi Arabia and remained there for just over five years. He moved to Australia and joined MARS Australia & New Zealand to become the first Chief Digital Officer of the company. He is a senior\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Riddell (futurist)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6854754\",\n \"text\": \"Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in the 2009 New Year Honours. Riddell died on 24 July 2010, at Rothbury Community Hospital, Northumberland, aged 76. His eldest son Walter John Buchanan Riddell inherited the baronetcy. Sir John Riddell, 13th Baronet Sir John Charles Buchanan Riddell, 13th Baronet, (3 January 1934 – 24 July 2010) was Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales from 1985 to 1990. He was Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland from 2000 to 2009. Riddell was born at Hepple, Northumberland. He succeeded to the Baronetcy of Riddell of Riddell as an infant, on the death of\",\n \"title\": \"Sir John Riddell, 13th Baronet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6854750\",\n \"text\": \"Sir John Riddell, 13th Baronet Sir John Charles Buchanan Riddell, 13th Baronet, (3 January 1934 – 24 July 2010) was Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales from 1985 to 1990. He was Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland from 2000 to 2009. Riddell was born at Hepple, Northumberland. He succeeded to the Baronetcy of Riddell of Riddell as an infant, on the death of his father in 1934. The family seat at Whitefield House, Hepple was bought by his ancestor Sir John Buchanan Riddell (1796–1822) from the Duke of Portland in 1804. Riddell was educated at Eton College and Christ Church,\",\n \"title\": \"Sir John Riddell, 13th Baronet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17090583\",\n \"text\": \"Oswego for one year, before joining DePaul's School of Cinema and Interactive Media in 2012. Brad earned a BA in English with a minor in Theater from the University of Kentucky, and a MFA in screenwriting from the USC School of Cinematic Arts. Ridell has optioned and adapted Katrina Kittle‘s third novel, The Kindness of Strangers, which he will produce with Present Pictures, to be directed by Anne Renton (Bones, The Perfect Family). The story deals with a broken family healing itself after taking in a sexually abused child far more broken than they are. Brad Riddell Brad Riddell is\",\n \"title\": \"Brad Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8927817\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Riddell (poet) Henry Scott Riddell (23 September 1798 – 30 July 1870) was a Scottish poet and songwriter. In the \\\"Scottish Orpheus\\\", a collection of songs of Scotland by Adam Hamilton, he is credited with writing \\\"Scotland Yet\\\" and \\\"The Dowie Dens O' Yarrow\\\". Henry Scott Riddell was born on 23 September 1798 in Sorbie, near Langholm, Dumfriesshire, the third child of seven to Robert Riddell, a shepherd, and his wife Agnes (née Scott). His father was reportedly an associate of the Scottish poets James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, who would occasionally visit their household and recite his own\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Riddell (poet)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8927806\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Riddell (poet) Henry Scott Riddell (23 September 1798 – 30 July 1870) was a Scottish poet and songwriter. In the \\\"Scottish Orpheus\\\", a collection of songs of Scotland by Adam Hamilton, he is credited with writing \\\"Scotland Yet\\\" and \\\"The Dowie Dens O' Yarrow\\\". Henry Scott Riddell was born on 23 September 1798 in Sorbie, near Langholm, Dumfriesshire, the third child of seven to Robert Riddell, a shepherd, and his wife Agnes (née Scott). His father was reportedly an associate of the Scottish poets James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, who would occasionally visit their household and recite his own\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Riddell (poet)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20570410\",\n \"text\": \"and was active with the RWL's successor, the Communist League until 2004 when he broke with the CL and the SWP over their lack of support for demonstrations against the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Ridell's father, Robert Gerald Riddell, was a Canadian diplomat and Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations from 1950 until his death from a heart attack the next year. His mother, Kay Riddell, founded the International Student Centre at the University of Toronto. John Riddell (Marxist) John Riddell (born 1942) is a Canadian Marxist essayist, historian, editor, translator and activist. He is best known as editor of\",\n \"title\": \"John Riddell (Marxist)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20570408\",\n \"text\": \"John Riddell (Marxist) John Riddell (born 1942) is a Canadian Marxist essayist, historian, editor, translator and activist. He is best known as editor of \\\"The Communist International in Lenin’s Time\\\", an eight-volume series of books of Communist International documents, many of which have been translated into English for the first time. John Riddell was born in 1942. Riddell joined the Socialist Education League in 1959 and was a founding member of its successor, the League for Socialist Action in 1961. From 1960 until 1967, he was leader of the Young Socialists, the youth movement associated with the SEL and then\",\n \"title\": \"John Riddell (Marxist)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18237952\",\n \"text\": \"house to Porteous, who soon discovered the defect. Porteous subsequently sued Riddell, the Dunedin City Council, and the Bagleys as well, and was originally awarded $21,200 in damages by the District Court. On appeal, the High Court set aside this award. The Court of Appeal reinstated the District Court's original judgement. Riddell v Porteous Riddell v Porteous [1999] 1 NZLR 1 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding liability in tort for defective products. The Bagleys hired Riddell on a \\\"labour only\\\" basis to build their house in Mosgiel based on plans drawn up by Bagley's architect. After the\",\n \"title\": \"Riddell v Porteous\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18237951\",\n \"text\": \"Riddell v Porteous Riddell v Porteous [1999] 1 NZLR 1 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding liability in tort for defective products. The Bagleys hired Riddell on a \\\"labour only\\\" basis to build their house in Mosgiel based on plans drawn up by Bagley's architect. After the house was completed, it was discovered that Riddell had departed from the approved plans as far as the deck was concerned, resulting in rainwater seeping into their house. This departure from the plans escaped the councils building inspector. However, before this defect came to their notice, the Bagleys had sold their\",\n \"title\": \"Riddell v Porteous\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17804624\",\n \"text\": \"Dean Cemetery on the west side of the city. He left a number of manuscripts which, in terms of his will, were acquired by the Advocates' and Signet Libraries, Edinburgh. Riddell enjoyed genealogical research for its own sake, and his speciality earned him an allusion in \\\"The Lay of the Last Minstrel\\\". His works were: John Riddell (genealogist) John Riddell (1785–8 February 1862) was a Scottish peerage lawyer and genealogist. He was eldest son of Anne, eldest daughter of John Glassford of Dougalston, by Anne, daughter of Sir John Nisbet of Dean, and Henry Riddell of Little Govan. Educated for\",\n \"title\": \"John Riddell (genealogist)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16892652\",\n \"text\": \"in the Canadian House of Commons. Riddell later was president of the Caledonia Box and Manufacturing Company in Winnipeg. He died at home in Winnipeg at the age of 76. James Riddell (politician) James Riddell (May 1850 – September 19, 1926) was a Scottish-Canadian farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Lorne from 1896 to 1903 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal. He was born in Jedburgh and was educated there and at St. Andrew's University. Riddell married a Miss Sharp in Galt, Ontario. He came to Carman, Manitoba in 1880. He was president of the\",\n \"title\": \"James Riddell (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16892651\",\n \"text\": \"James Riddell (politician) James Riddell (May 1850 – September 19, 1926) was a Scottish-Canadian farmer and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Lorne from 1896 to 1903 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal. He was born in Jedburgh and was educated there and at St. Andrew's University. Riddell married a Miss Sharp in Galt, Ontario. He came to Carman, Manitoba in 1880. He was president of the Dufferin Agricultural Society. Riddell was defeated when he ran for the Dufferin seat in the Manitoba assembly in 1903. In 1904, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Macdonald seat\",\n \"title\": \"James Riddell (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16183307\",\n \"text\": \"James Riddell (scholar) James Riddell (1823–1866) was an English classical scholar. Born on 8 June 1823, he was the eldest son of James Riddell (1796–1878), rector of Easton, Hampshire, by Dorothy, daughter of John Foster, of Leicester Grange, Warwickshire. After spending seven years at Mr. Browne's school at Cheam, Surrey, Riddell entered Shrewsbury School in 1838 as a pupil of Benjamin Hall Kennedy. He gained a scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford, his father's old college, in November 1840, and, leaving Shrewsbury as head boy in 1841, he began residence in Oxford in the Michaelmas term of that year. He was\",\n \"title\": \"James Riddell (scholar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14630078\",\n \"text\": \"The Inner Circle theory had been promoted by James McParland, the head of Pinkerton's Denver division. Alleged evidence for the existence of a group of conspirators were the actual murder of Arthur L. Collins, and the alleged murder of mine guard William J. Barney. George W. Riddell George W. Riddell was a Pinkerton labor spy who infiltrated the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) in Telluride, and later became president of the Eureka miners union in Utah. Riddell was forced to resign when Morris Friedman published the book The Pinkerton Labor Spy. Riddell was covertly identified as agent No. 36 in\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14630077\",\n \"text\": \"George W. Riddell George W. Riddell was a Pinkerton labor spy who infiltrated the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) in Telluride, and later became president of the Eureka miners union in Utah. Riddell was forced to resign when Morris Friedman published the book The Pinkerton Labor Spy. Riddell was covertly identified as agent No. 36 in the Pinkerton Agency, which charged $7,000 to the Telluride Mine Owners' Association for his services over a period of two years. He was tasked with discovering an \\\"Inner Circle\\\" of conspirators in the WFM union, but he found no trace of any such group.\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10519629\",\n \"text\": \"John Leonard Riddell John Leonard Riddell (February 20, 1807 – October 7, 1865) was a science lecturer, botanist, geologist, medical doctor, chemist, microscopist, numismatist, politician, and science fiction author in the United States. He was born in Leyden, Massachusetts, the son of John Riddell and Lephe Gates. He received his B.A. and M.A. at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute from professor Amos Eaton and his M.D. from Cincinnati College in 1836. Prior to receiving his M.D. Riddell found himself in Marietta, Ohio to study with Dr. Hildreth of Marietta College. As there were not many opportunities for a paid lecturer or a\",\n \"title\": \"John Leonard Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9434775\",\n \"text\": \"Clan Riddell Clan Riddell is a Lowland Scottish clan. One theory for the origin of the name Riddell is that the family were from Gascony and came to Scotland via Ryedale in Yorkshire. However, it is much more likely that the name is of Norman origin. In 1116, Gervase Ridale was a witness to a charter of David I of Scotland. His son was Walter who received a charter for the lands of Lilliesleaf in Roxburghshire. William the Lion was taken prisoner at the Battle of Alnwick in 1174 and one of Gervase's nephews was sent as a hostage. Swinburn\",\n \"title\": \"Clan Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7125671\",\n \"text\": \"illustrator, including Pongwiffy by Kaye Umansky. His brother Rick Riddell, a secondary teacher in the Alice Smith School, died in February 2012. Some of Riddell's most notable work is \\\"The Edge Chronicles\\\" (from 1998), a children's book series co-written with Paul Stewart and illustrated by Riddell alone. Set in the fictional world known as \\\"The Edge\\\", the books have been praised for Chris's beautifully detailed line drawings and the unique nature of their collaborative writing process. For his illustrations, Riddell was a commended runner-up for the 1994 Greenaway Medal (\\\"Something Else\\\" by Kathryn Cave) and highly commended for 1999 (\\\"Castle\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7125670\",\n \"text\": \"first illustrator of \\\"Alice in Wonderland\\\", and W. Heath Robinson. At Brighton Polytechnic he studied illustration; one teacher was Raymond Briggs, an earlier winner of two Greenaway Medals. In 2002 he named as influences Tenniel and E. H. Shepard, the first illustrator of \\\"The Wind in the Willows\\\" and \\\"Winnie the Pooh\\\". Riddell worked as an illustrator at \\\"The Economist\\\" news magazine beginning in the 1980s and at \\\"The Observer\\\" newspaper from 1995. As of 2002, Riddell and his wife Joanne Burroughes, an illustrator and print-maker, lived in Brighton with three children. Daughter Katy Riddell is also a children's book\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7125668\",\n \"text\": \"Chris Riddell Chris Riddell ( ) (born 13 April 1962) is a British illustrator and occasional writer of children's books and a political cartoonist for the \\\"Observer\\\". He has won three Kate Greenaway Medals, the British librarians' annual award for the best-illustrated children's book, and two of his works were commended runners-up, a distinction dropped after 2002. Books that he wrote or illustrated have won three Nestlé Smarties Book Prizes and have been silver or bronze runners-up four times. On 9 June 2015 he was appointed the UK Children's Laureate. Chris Riddell was born in 1962 in Cape Town, South\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4966972\",\n \"text\": \"Jack Riddell John Keith Riddell (born December 10, 1931) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1973 to 1990, and served as a cabinet minister in the government of David Peterson. Riddell was educated at the Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, Ontario, and worked as a high-school teacher and a livestock sales owner and operator-auctioneer. He is a prominent member of the Agricultural Institute of Canada. He was first elected to the Ontario legislature in a by-election on March 16, 1973, defeating Progressive Conservative candidate Don Southcott by\",\n \"title\": \"Jack Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3748521\",\n \"text\": \"ranked by Forbes as the 12th wealthiest Canadian and 459th in the world. Riddell was a president of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Chair of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. The Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources at the University of Manitoba is named in his honour. He donated $10 million to create an endowment fund for the faculty, which combines the Department of Environment and Geography, the Department of Geological Sciences and the Natural Resources Institute. In 2008, Riddell was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for his leadership and philanthropy.\",\n \"title\": \"Clay Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3311504\",\n \"text\": \"published a damaging front-page story about Riddell, that was later retracted as inaccurate. Despite this erroneous news story, and the last minute shift in voter support, Riddell finished the election with more than 20,600 votes, the highest number ever recorded by a Conservative candidate in the riding's history, thereby finishing a relatively close second to McGuinty. After the election was over, the \\\"Ottawa Sun\\\" published a prominent retraction of its erroneous front-page story about Riddell and expressed regret at \\\"the resulting prejudice to his campaign\\\". In May 2005, when it appeared that the Liberal government was about to be defeated\",\n \"title\": \"Alan Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14555868\",\n \"text\": \"Town\\\" for Guthrie Theater; and \\\"Satyagraha\\\" for De Nederlandse Opera, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Seattle Opera, and San Francisco Opera. Additionally, he worked on the scene design for \\\"'Krapp's Last Tape\\\" for Akademie der Künste, \\\"Akhnaten\\\", and \\\"The Yellow Sound\\\". Riddell won the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design, Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design, and Hewes Design Award for his work on \\\"Big River\\\" in 1985. Additionally, he received a Knox College Alumni Achievement Award in 1986. Richard Riddell Richard V. Riddell is an American lighting designer. He graduated from Knox College with a\",\n \"title\": \"Richard Riddell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13874690\",\n \"text\": \"maple trees for the grounds of the hospital, joined with Viscount Shibusawa to invite many officials and prominent persons to the Bankers' Club in Tokyo to listen to Hannah Riddell's appeal. At the meeting Professor Kanazawa spoke for Riddell to the effect that Kaishun Hospital was a good hospital worth supporting, since Riddell was independent of the CMS. As a direct effect of the meeting Riddell's financial troubles ended. Japan's first leprosy prevention law was promulgated in 1907. In 1914 Riddell wrote in a long letter to Marquis Okuma: \\\"I think the expenses of the government policy would not cost\",\n \"title\": \"Hannah Riddell\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["new york city"],"string":"[\n \"new york city\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1788,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what county is troy il in?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1052833","text":"Troy, Illinois Troy is a city in Madison County, Illinois, United States. The population was 9,888 at the 2010 census. Troy is part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its namesake in Lincoln County, Missouri is also part of this MSA, making it (along with the two O'Fallons in Illinois and Missouri) one of the few pairs of like-named municipalities to be part of the same MSA. Troy was platted in 1819. Troy is located at (38.729236, -89.891733). According to the 2010 census, Troy has a total area of , of which (or 98.9%) is land and (or 1.1%)","title":"Troy, Illinois"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1052833\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Illinois Troy is a city in Madison County, Illinois, United States. The population was 9,888 at the 2010 census. Troy is part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its namesake in Lincoln County, Missouri is also part of this MSA, making it (along with the two O'Fallons in Illinois and Missouri) one of the few pairs of like-named municipalities to be part of the same MSA. Troy was platted in 1819. Troy is located at (38.729236, -89.891733). According to the 2010 census, Troy has a total area of , of which (or 98.9%) is land and (or 1.1%)\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Illinois\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9637596","text":"Troy Township, Delaware County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the eighteen townships of Delaware County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 2,115, down from 2,665 at the 2000 census. Located in the northwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: Part of the city of Delaware, the county seat of Delaware County, is located in southern Troy Township. Troy Township was organized in 1816. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a","title":"Troy Township, Delaware County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"1204741","text":"Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania Troy Township is a township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,645 at the 2010 census. Children residing in the township are assigned to attend the Troy Area School District. Troy Township is located in western Bradford County and is bordered by Springfield Township to the northeast, West Burlington Township to the east, Granville Township to the south and east, Canton Township to the south, Armenia Township to the west and Columbia Township to the northwest. Troy Township surrounds the borough of Troy but is separate from it. The unincorporated community of","title":"Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"8417376","text":"are the responsibility of the Troy Township Fire Department. Troy Township, Richland County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the eighteen townships of Richland County, Ohio, United States. It is a part of the Mansfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. The 2000 census found 6,449 people in the township, 2,403 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The village of Lexington is located in eastern Troy Township. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who","title":"Troy Township, Richland County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"8282768","text":"Troy Township, Wood County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the nineteen townships of Wood County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 3,870 people in the township, 2,858 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the northeastern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The village of Luckey is located in southwestern Troy Township, and the unincorporated communities of Lemoyne and Stony Ridge lie in the township's north and northwest respectively. Troy Township was established in 1834. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member","title":"Troy Township, Wood County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"11022286","text":"Troy Township, Fountain County, Indiana Troy Township is one of eleven townships in Fountain County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,711 and it contained 1,657 housing units. Troy Township lies along the western side of Fountain County; the Wabash River defines the western borders of both. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 98.69%) is land and (or 1.31%) is water. Troy Township contains the Fountain County seat of Covington, in the western part of the county near the river. At one time, the unincorporated community of","title":"Troy Township, Fountain County, Indiana"},{"psg_id":"9637593","text":"Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the fourteen townships of Athens County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 2,617 people in the township, 2,121 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the southeastern corner of the county along the Ohio River, it borders the following townships: Wood County, West Virginia lies across the Ohio River to the southeast. The village of Coolville is located in central Troy Township, and the unincorporated community of Hockingport lies along the Ohio River shoreline. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. In 1833,","title":"Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"8574769","text":"Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the sixteen townships of Morrow County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,129 people in the township. Located in the northeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Troy Township. The Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course is located in the township on Steam Corners Road just west of the Richland County line. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning","title":"Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"1262467","text":"Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,328 at the 2000 census. The census-designated place of Potter Lake is located in the town. The unincorporated communities of Adams, Little Prairie, Troy, and Troy Center are also located in the town. The ghost town of Mayhews was also located in the town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.4 square miles (91.8 km²), of which, 34.7 square miles (90.0 km²) of it is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km²) of it (1.95%)","title":"Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin"},{"psg_id":"1121361","text":"the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over. Troy Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat. At the state level, Troy Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22A, represented by Republican Joe Schomacker. Troy Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota Troy Township is a township in Pipestone County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 318 at the 2000 census. Troy Township was organized in 1879, and named after Troy, New York. According to","title":"Troy Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"8417374","text":"Troy Township, Richland County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the eighteen townships of Richland County, Ohio, United States. It is a part of the Mansfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. The 2000 census found 6,449 people in the township, 2,403 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The village of Lexington is located in eastern Troy Township. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a","title":"Troy Township, Richland County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"9535447","text":"Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the sixteen townships of Geauga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 2,801, up from 2,567 at the 2000 census. Located in the southern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Troy Township, although the unincorporated community of Welshfield is located in the township's center. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the","title":"Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"8574230","text":"Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the fifteen townships of Ashland County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 1,132. Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Troy Township, although the unincorporated community of Nova is located in the center of the township. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township was first surveyed in 1806, at which time the territory was composed of thick woods, but not officially organized or named until 1835. It was named for the","title":"Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"1236353","text":"Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania Troy Township is a township in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,235 at the 2010 census. The township is in southeastern Crawford County, bordered to the south by Venango County. It includes the unincorporated hamlet of Troy Center. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.14%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,339 people, 471 households, and 384 families residing in the township. The population density was 42.4 people per square mile (16.4/km²).","title":"Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"9637595","text":"are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the fourteen townships of Athens County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 2,617 people in the township, 2,121 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the southeastern corner of the county along the Ohio River, it borders the following townships: Wood County, West Virginia lies across the Ohio River to the southeast. The village of Coolville is located in central Troy Township, and the unincorporated community of Hockingport lies along the Ohio River shoreline. It is one of","title":"Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"1261431","text":"Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 773 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Black Hawk, Cassell, and Witwen are located in the town. The town was named after Troy, Ohio, the native home of an early settler. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 54.3 square miles (140.6 km²), of which, 53.1 square miles (137.6 km²) of it is land and 1.1 square miles (3.0 km²) of it (2.12%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 773","title":"Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin"},{"psg_id":"8574232","text":"on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the fifteen townships of Ashland County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 1,132. Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Troy Township, although the unincorporated community of Nova is located in the center of the township.","title":"Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"1121358","text":"Troy Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota Troy Township is a township in Pipestone County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 318 at the 2000 census. Troy Township was organized in 1879, and named after Troy, New York. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 43.6 square miles (113.0 km²), all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 318 people, 110 households, and 94 families residing in the township. The population density was 7.3 people per square mile (2.8/km²). There were 114 housing units at an average density of 2.6/sq mi","title":"Troy Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"1122470","text":"Troy Township, Renville County, Minnesota Troy Township is a township in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 325 at the 2000 census. Troy Township was organized in 1876. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.8 square miles (90.2 km²); 34.8 square miles (90.1 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.09%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 325 people, 112 households, and 91 families residing in the township. The population density was 9.3 people per square mile (3.6/km²). There were","title":"Troy Township, Renville County, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"11049915","text":"Etna-Troy Township, Whitley County, Indiana Etna-Troy Township is one of nine townships in Whitley County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,889 and it contained 921 housing units. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 97.64%) is land and (or 2.36%) is water. Lakes in this township include Goose Lake, Indian Lake, Little Troy Cedar Lake, Loon Lake, Mud Lake, New Lake, Old Lake, Rine Lake, Robinson Lake, Scott Lake, Tadpole Lake, Troy Cedar Lake and Winters Lake. The stream of Cedar Lake Branch runs through","title":"Etna-Troy Township, Whitley County, Indiana"},{"psg_id":"15697147","text":"Old Troy, Texas Old Troy, Texas known as Troy, Texas for most of its existence and the location of the Elm Creek Post Office, is a ghost town in Bell County, Texas about two miles north of the current city of Troy, Texas. It was one of the places settled in the 1850s, with a post office named Elm Creek established in 1854. When the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad came through in 1882 it built its route south of the town and established a station at what is now Troy, Texas. Many of the residents resisted the rise of","title":"Old Troy, Texas"},{"psg_id":"3178297","text":"program's home facility is the Pike County Cattlemen's Arena in Troy where it hosts a three-day rodeo each October that features college rodeo programs from throughout the southern region of the United States. Troy University calf roper Ben Mayworth won the 2007 national title in Casper, Wyoming, at the National Finals Collegiate Rodeo. The Hall of Fame of Distinguished Band Conductors was established on the campus of what was then known as Troy State University in Troy, Alabama by the National Band Association in 1979. The Hall of Fame contains the picture and biographies of band directors who have distinguished","title":"Troy University"},{"psg_id":"1204745","text":"in the township was $36,133, and the median income for a family was $43,233. Males had a median income of $27,113 versus $21,328 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,076. About 8.4% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over. Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania Troy Township is a township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,645 at the 2010 census. Children residing in the township are assigned to attend the Troy Area School","title":"Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"1122473","text":"income of $31,667 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the township was $23,803. About 8.1% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over. Troy Township, Renville County, Minnesota Troy Township is a township in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 325 at the 2000 census. Troy Township was organized in 1876. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.8 square miles (90.2 km²); 34.8 square miles (90.1 km²) of","title":"Troy Township, Renville County, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"1236356","text":"median income for a family was $36,635. Males had a median income of $28,929 versus $19,712 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,505. About 10.3% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over. Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania Troy Township is a township in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,235 at the 2010 census. The township is in southeastern Crawford County, bordered to the south by Venango County. It includes the unincorporated hamlet of","title":"Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"15760993","text":"on a northeast–southwest axis. The fault separates the Highlands from the Piedmont, also known as the Newark Basin. The Wisconsin Glacier covered the area from 25,000 B.C. to 13,000 B.C. and when it melted due to climate warming, Glacial Lake Passaic was created. The lake slowly drained and the meadows was created. This is what created Troy Meadows. The marsh is owned by \"Wildlife Preserves\" and the State of New Jersey. Inside the marsh, there is a two mile boardwalk. Troy Meadows Troy Meadows is a nature preserve in Parsippany, Morris County, New Jersey. Along with the Great Swamp, it","title":"Troy Meadows"},{"psg_id":"11049916","text":"this township. (This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.) The township contains four cemeteries: Adams, Kiester, Pleasant Grove and Scott. Etna-Troy Township, Whitley County, Indiana Etna-Troy Township is one of nine townships in Whitley County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,889 and it contained 921 housing units. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 97.64%) is land and (or 2.36%) is water. Lakes in this township include Goose Lake, Indian Lake, Little Troy Cedar Lake, Loon Lake, Mud Lake, New","title":"Etna-Troy Township, Whitley County, Indiana"},{"psg_id":"1261434","text":"over, there were 107.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $39,432, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $28,438 versus $23,984 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,735. About 5.9% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 773 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of","title":"Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin"},{"psg_id":"1125219","text":"Troy, Missouri Troy is a city in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 10,540. It is the county seat of Lincoln County. Troy is part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area. Troy was platted in 1819. Some say the community was named after Troy, New York, while others believe the name is a transfer from Troy, Vermont. An early variant name was Woods Fort. A post office called Troy has been in operation since 1823. The Downtown Troy Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. Troy","title":"Troy, Missouri"},{"psg_id":"1125226","text":"the largest of Missouri's state parks, lies approximately three miles to the northeast of Troy, across the Cuivre River valley. Troy is home to Troy Buchanan High School, Troy Middle School, Troy South Middle School, Main Street Elementary, Boone Elementary School, Claude Brown Elementary, Cuivre Park Elementary, Lincoln County R-III Early Childhood Education Center, William Cappel Elementary School, and Lincoln Elementary School, all of which are part of the Lincoln County R-III School District. Troy, Missouri Troy is a city in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 10,540. It is the county seat","title":"Troy, Missouri"},{"psg_id":"1058363","text":"Troy, Indiana Troy is a town in Troy Township, Perry County, Indiana, along the Ohio River near the mouth of the Anderson River. It is the second oldest city in Indiana. The population was 385 at the 2010 census. Troy was laid out in 1815. Troy was an early county seat of Perry County. A post office has been in operation at Troy since 1818. The Nester House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. Future U.S. President Abraham Lincoln began operating a ferry near present-day Troy in 1826. Troy is located at (37.993975, -86.799397). According","title":"Troy, Indiana"},{"psg_id":"9637597","text":"four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Emergency medical services in Concord Township are provided by the Delaware County EMS. Troy Township, Delaware County, Ohio Troy Township is","title":"Troy Township, Delaware County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"9535448","text":"following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the sixteen townships of Geauga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population","title":"Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"8574770","text":"on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the sixteen townships of Morrow County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,129","title":"Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"1261898","text":"Troy, St. Croix County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,661 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Glover is located in the town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 39.8 square miles (103.0 km²), of which, 37.7 square miles (97.7 km²) of it is land and 2.0 square miles (5.3 km²) of it (5.11%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,661 people, 1,250 households, and 1,047 families residing in the town. The population density was 97.0 people","title":"Troy, St. Croix County, Wisconsin"},{"psg_id":"1261901","text":"for a household in the town was $73,125, and the median income for a family was $75,874. Males had a median income of $44,942 versus $39,360 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,861. About 0.7% of families and 1.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. Troy, St. Croix County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,661 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Glover is located in the town.","title":"Troy, St. Croix County, Wisconsin"},{"psg_id":"1204736","text":"Troy, Pennsylvania Troy is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,354 at the 2010 census. Children residing in the borough are assigned to attend the Troy Area School District. The Troy Public High School and Van Dyne Civic Building are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Troy is located in western Bradford County at (41.782180, -76.789561). It is surrounded by Troy Township but is separate from it. U.S. Route 6 passes through the borough, leading east to Towanda, the county seat, and west to Mansfield. Pennsylvania Route 14 turns south from US-6 in","title":"Troy, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"1187123","text":"Troy, Ohio Troy is a city in and the county seat of Miami County, Ohio, United States located north of Dayton. The population was 25,058 at the 2010 census, making it the largest city in the county and the 61st largest city in Ohio; it is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area. Troy is home to an annual Strawberry Festival the first weekend in June. Troy was platted ca. 1807. A post office called Troy has been in operation since 1824. Troy was one of the cities impacted by severe flooding in the Great Flood of 1913. On August","title":"Troy, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"1223076","text":"Troy, Tennessee Troy is a town in Obion County, Tennessee. The population was 1,371 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Union City, TN–KY Micropolitan Statistical Area. Troy was founded in 1825 as the original county seat of Obion County. Frontiersman Davy Crockett was in attendance when the town was platted. Troy remained the county seat until 1890, when it was moved to Union City following a contentious legal dispute. According to the United States Census Bureau, Troy has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,273 people, 533 households,","title":"Troy, Tennessee"},{"psg_id":"11022287","text":"Layton existed in the southeast part of the township along the present route of U.S. Route 136. Interstate 74 passes through the southern part of the township. U.S. Route 136 lies to the north of I-74 for most of its route; it passes through Covington, but east of Layton, I-74 crosses to its north side. The township contains the four cemeteries of Bend, Mount Hope, Prescott Grove and Sand Hill. Troy Township, Fountain County, Indiana Troy Township is one of eleven townships in Fountain County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,711 and it contained 1,657 housing","title":"Troy Township, Fountain County, Indiana"},{"psg_id":"998810","text":"Troy, Alabama Troy is a city in Pike County, Alabama, United States. The city is the county seat of Pike County. It was formally incorporated on February 4, 1843. Between the years of 1763 and 1783, the area where Troy sits was part of the colony of British West Florida. After 1783 the region fell under the jurisdiction of the newly created United States of America. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,033. The 2016 estimated population was 19,191. The City of Troy is considered one of the fastest growing cities in Alabama. Troy is a college town","title":"Troy, Alabama"},{"psg_id":"1187132","text":"tax is due. Troy City Schools operates public schools The Western Ohio Japanese Language School (オハイオ西部日本語学校 \"Ohaio Seibu Nihongo Gakkō\") is a supplementary weekend Japanese school in unincorporated Miami County, near Troy. It started in April 1988. Troy has a public library, a branch of the Troy-Miami County Public Library. The city and surrounding area are served by a daily newspaper based in Troy, the \"Troy Daily News\" in addition to WTJN-LP \"Troy Community Radio\" 107.1 FM and online. On August 30, 2013 Mumford & Sons had a concert in the Troy High School football stadium for their Gentlemen of","title":"Troy, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"1174752","text":"Troy, North Carolina Troy is a town in Montgomery County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,189 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Montgomery County. The short story by Charles W. Chesnutt, called \"The Sheriff's Children,\" is set in Troy. The Hotel Troy, Montgomery County Courthouse, and Troy Residential Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On November 06, 2018, Sherri Harris Allgood was elected as mayor of Troy, NC. Allgood became the first female elected for the position as well as the first African American. Her win was historic as","title":"Troy, North Carolina"},{"psg_id":"1073311","text":"Troy, Kansas Troy is a city in and the county seat of Doniphan County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,010. Troy was platted in 1855. It was named after the ancient city of Troy. The first house in Troy was built in 1856, and the first store opened in 1857. Troy was incorporated as a city in 1860. The first post office in Troy was established in March, 1857. Troy grew up from humble beginnings along the wagon route from St. Joseph, Missouri to Oregon and California. British explorer Richard Francis Burton en","title":"Troy, Kansas"},{"psg_id":"1262470","text":"age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.9 males. The median income for a household in the town was $57,604, and the median income for a family was $59,167. Males had a median income of $41,467 versus $26,969 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,200. About 2.4% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin Troy is a","title":"Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin"},{"psg_id":"1204740","text":"borough was $16,963. About 8.2% of families and 21.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 18.6% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Pennsylvania Troy is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,354 at the 2010 census. Children residing in the borough are assigned to attend the Troy Area School District. The Troy Public High School and Van Dyne Civic Building are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Troy is located in western Bradford County at (41.782180, -76.789561). It is surrounded by Troy","title":"Troy, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"15966818","text":"to Houston in 1888. Troy is also the site of a Civil War Union Cemetery containing several unmarked graves. John Longest settled in Troy as an adult, and went on to serve in the State Legislature. Troy, Mississippi Troy is an unincorporated community in Pontotoc County, Mississippi, around the intersection of Mississippi Highway 41 and County Road 82, roughly two miles west of the Natchez Trace Parkway, due west of Shannon. Troy was established in the 1830s at a site about two miles north of its present coordinates (later referred to as Old Troy), and moved to its current location","title":"Troy, Mississippi"},{"psg_id":"1226302","text":"is Mays Elementary School, Troy Elementary School, Raymond Mays Middle School, and Troy High School. Troy, Texas Troy is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,645 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. Troy is located in northern Bell County at (31.202907, -97.301719), along Interstate 35. It is north of Temple and south of Waco. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 0.20%, is water. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers","title":"Troy, Texas"},{"psg_id":"9054002","text":"South Troy, Minnesota South Troy is an unincorporated community in Zumbro Township, Wabasha County, Minnesota, United States. It is located on U.S. Highway 63 about 13 miles north of Rochester. Nearby places include Hammond, Zumbro Falls, Mazeppa, Potsdam, and Oronoco. Wabasha County Roads 7 and 11 are nearby. South Troy had a post office from 1858 to 1903. Nearby Zumbro Falls was originally named \"Troy\" in the 1850s. The area south of Zumbro Falls to the Wabasha–Olmsted County line along U.S. 63 was named \"South Troy\". The name of Troy was changed to Zumbro Falls after 1860 because there was","title":"South Troy, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"998850","text":"bar in the 1970s among other well-known artists. Troy, Alabama Troy is a city in Pike County, Alabama, United States. The city is the county seat of Pike County. It was formally incorporated on February 4, 1843. Between the years of 1763 and 1783, the area where Troy sits was part of the colony of British West Florida. After 1783 the region fell under the jurisdiction of the newly created United States of America. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,033. The 2016 estimated population was 19,191. The City of Troy is considered one of the fastest growing","title":"Troy, Alabama"},{"psg_id":"8282769","text":"board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Wood County, Ohio Troy Township is","title":"Troy Township, Wood County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"12266671","text":"Troy, Oregon Troy is an unincorporated community in rural Wallowa County, Oregon, United States at the conflux of the Grande Ronde and Wenaha rivers. Troy is west of Flora on Oregon Route 3 close to the Washington state line. It is known for its excellent river fishing, and has an RV park and two fishing lodges, as well as the Troy Resort, and a restaurant, the Wenaha Bar and Grill. There are no other businesses, and the only services are a public school and a county library branch. Troy began to form in the late 1890s, with the establishment in","title":"Troy, Oregon"},{"psg_id":"7728590","text":"it a year later, after completing work on Preston's second Apple album, \"Encouraging Words\". By May 1970, having recently collaborated with \"genuine R&B heavy-weights\" such as Doris Troy and Preston, as well as participating in the \"blue-eyed soul\" Delaney & Bonnie European tour, along with Eric Clapton, the previous December, Harrison was well placed to record \"What Is Life\", Leng observes. With Phil Spector as co-producer and all the Friends team on hand, the song was among the first tracks taped for Harrison's debut post-Beatles solo album; recording took place at Abbey Road Studios in London, during late May or","title":"What Is Life"},{"psg_id":"1187133","text":"the Road Stopover tour. Troy is home to the Troy-Hayner Cultural Center, a 1914 Romanesque mansion donated to the city by Mary Jane Harter Coleman Hayner. Hayner had been the wife William Hayner, founder of a Dayton-based mail order whiskey business which operated prior to the Prohibition. Today, the Troy-Hayner houses the Hayner Distillery Collection as well as a variety of works by local artists. Troy, Ohio Troy is a city in and the county seat of Miami County, Ohio, United States located north of Dayton. The population was 25,058 at the 2010 census, making it the largest city in","title":"Troy, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"934119","text":"is currently represented by Blaine Luetkemeyer (R-St. Elizabeth) in the U.S. House of Representatives. Lincoln County, Missouri Lincoln County is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 52,566. Its county seat is Troy. The county was founded December 14, 1818, and named for Major General Benjamin Lincoln of the American Revolutionary War. Lincoln County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to Goodspeed's \"History of Lincoln County, Missouri\" (1888), Lincoln County was named by Major Christopher Clark, the first permanent white settler in","title":"Lincoln County, Missouri"},{"psg_id":"1226297","text":"Troy, Texas Troy is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,645 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. Troy is located in northern Bell County at (31.202907, -97.301719), along Interstate 35. It is north of Temple and south of Waco. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 0.20%, is water. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Troy has","title":"Troy, Texas"},{"psg_id":"1108749","text":"Troy, Michigan Troy is a city located in Metropolitan Detroit's northern suburbs in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 80,980 at the 2010 census, making it the 11th-largest city in Michigan by population, and the largest city in Oakland County. Troy has become a business and shopping destination in the Metro Detroit area, with numerous office centers and the upscale Somerset Collection mall. In 2011, Troy was ranked the safest city in Michigan, as well as the 19th safest city in the nation. In 2008, Troy was ranked 22nd on a list of \"Best Places","title":"Troy, Michigan"},{"psg_id":"15966817","text":"Troy, Mississippi Troy is an unincorporated community in Pontotoc County, Mississippi, around the intersection of Mississippi Highway 41 and County Road 82, roughly two miles west of the Natchez Trace Parkway, due west of Shannon. Troy was established in the 1830s at a site about two miles north of its present coordinates (later referred to as Old Troy), and moved to its current location in 1881. In the late 1800s, this was the site of Troy Normal College, which at times was also known as Mississippi Normal College. The college was founded by professor H.B. Abernethy in 1882. but moved","title":"Troy, Mississippi"},{"psg_id":"13670113","text":"She died in 1993 in Bonmahon, County Waterford. Many of her papers, collected by Ann Butler of Cambridge, Massachusetts, are to be found as the \"Una Troy Papers\" at the National Library of Ireland. Una Troy Una Troy Walsh (1913–1993) was an Irish novelist and playwright who wrote under the names Elizabeth Connor and Una Troy. Troy was born in Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland in either May 21, 1910 or 1913. She married (1931) Dr. Joe Walsh of Bonmahon who served as physician to the I.R.A. West Waterford Flying Column under Commandant George Lennon of Dungarvan. He is buried adjacent","title":"Una Troy"},{"psg_id":"934113","text":"Lincoln County, Missouri Lincoln County is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 52,566. Its county seat is Troy. The county was founded December 14, 1818, and named for Major General Benjamin Lincoln of the American Revolutionary War. Lincoln County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to Goodspeed's \"History of Lincoln County, Missouri\" (1888), Lincoln County was named by Major Christopher Clark, the first permanent white settler in an address to the Territorial Legislature. He said, \"I was born, sir, in Link-Horn","title":"Lincoln County, Missouri"},{"psg_id":"3178301","text":"increase competitiveness in the marketplace. This will assist in improving and increasing job creation in Pike County. The assistance of Senator Shelby (R-Ala) was instrumental in obtaining the funding for this venture. Troy University has three other satellite campuses located in the state of Alabama: Troy University Troy University is a comprehensive public university that is located in Troy, Alabama, United States. It was founded on February 26, 1887 as Troy State Normal School within the Alabama State University System by an Act of the Alabama Legislature. It is the flagship university of the Troy University System. Troy University is","title":"Troy University"},{"psg_id":"16586684","text":"photographer 7. Former TDN owner dies, Troy Daily News, March 18, 2012. Troy Daily News The Troy Daily News is an American daily newspaper published every day except Tuesdays and holidays in Troy, Ohio. Its Sunday edition is called the Miami Valley Sunday News. It is owned by AIM Media Midwest. In addition to Troy, the \"Daily News\" circulates in several communities of Miami County, Ohio, including Casstown, Conover, Covington, Fletcher, Piqua, Pleasant Hill, Tipp City and West Milton, as well as Christiansburg in Champaign County. The \"Daily News\" is printed in Tipp City. The newspaper was founded as a","title":"Troy Daily News"},{"psg_id":"1134075","text":"Troy, Montana Troy is a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. The population was 938 at the 2010 census. Troy is located at (48.459944, -115.890974). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. Troy has an elevation of about 1,800 feet above sea level and is the lowest town in elevation in Montana. Troy is 12 miles from the border of Montana and Idaho. Troy's next closest city is Libby, which is 18 miles away. The Troy Mine, which produced silver and copper, was scheduled","title":"Troy, Montana"},{"psg_id":"1134079","text":"in nearby Libby. Troy is featured in Max Brooks' post-apocalyptic zombie novel \"World War Z\", as a safe zone for humanity. Troy, Montana Troy is a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. The population was 938 at the 2010 census. Troy is located at (48.459944, -115.890974). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. Troy has an elevation of about 1,800 feet above sea level and is the lowest town in elevation in Montana. Troy is 12 miles from the border of Montana and Idaho.","title":"Troy, Montana"},{"psg_id":"6429500","text":"aircraft maintenance, as well as AvGas and Jet-A fuel, are available on the field. Other Airport Information: There are currently 108 aircraft based at Oakland/Troy Airport. Single Engined Aircraft: 95 Multi Engined Aircraft: 10 Helicopters: 3 Jets: 0 Oakland/Troy Airport Oakland/Troy Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located east of the central business district of Troy, a city in Oakland County, Michigan, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a regional reliever airport facility. The Oakland/Troy Airport is considered the county's 'executive'","title":"Oakland/Troy Airport"},{"psg_id":"9054003","text":"already a community named Troy in southeast Minnesota at Winona County. South Troy was known for being a home for Laura Ingalls Wilder, the writer of the \"Little House on the Prairie\" series of books, and her family for a short time in the summer of 1876. This is where Charles and Caroline Ingalls fourth child, and their only son, Charles Frederic 'Freddy' Ingalls (November 1, 1875 in Walnut Grove, Minnesota – August 27, 1876 in South Troy), died at the age of 10 months. South Troy, Minnesota South Troy is an unincorporated community in Zumbro Township, Wabasha County, Minnesota,","title":"South Troy, Minnesota"},{"psg_id":"12716624","text":"Troy (Dorsey, Maryland) Troy, also known as Troy Hill Farm, is a historic slave plantation home located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is associated with the prominent Dorsey family of Howard County, who also built Dorsey Hall. The lands of \"Troy\" were surveyed by Hon. John Dorsey in 1694, where he moved in 1696 with 2 slaves. The property stayed in the family though his great-grandson Col. Thomas Dorsey (-1790) of the American Revolution whose estate sold it in 1808. Troy was inherited by Basil Dorsey in 1714, followed by Caleb Dorsey who reduced the land to","title":"Troy (Dorsey, Maryland)"},{"psg_id":"12716628","text":"the plans were changed to clear-cut most the wooded parkland around the historic structure to implement revenue-generating ball fields and soccer fields for the parks system, allowing the Troy house to stand in the parking lot as a possible meeting house or restaurant. Troy was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 2015, the group Preservation Howard County placed the house on its top 10 most endangered list. Troy (Dorsey, Maryland) Troy, also known as Troy Hill Farm, is a historic slave plantation home located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is associated with","title":"Troy (Dorsey, Maryland)"},{"psg_id":"18722432","text":"Troy Mine The Troy Mine is a silver and Copper producer near Troy, Montana, in Lincoln County. It operated between 1981 and 1993, when it was closed. It was re-opened in 2005 to be used as a training site for the Rock Creek Mine, located not far away in Sanders County, Montana. The Troy Mine produced about 1.25-1.4Moz silver per annum as of 2012; 159,121 pounds of copper and 27,053 pounds of silver between November 2014 and January 2015. A miner was killed in a cave-in in 2007. Rockslides and rock falls closed the mine in December 2012. It re-opened","title":"Troy Mine"},{"psg_id":"1241440","text":"Troy, Vermont Troy is a town in Orleans County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,662 at the 2010 census. Troy contains two villages: the unincorporated village of Troy, and the incorporated village of North Troy. Robert Starr has been moderator for Fifty years. Schools are operated by North Country Supervisory Union. The town has 2 departments providing local services to residents: There are two fire department serving Troy: According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93.4 km), all land. Troy was chartered as \"Missisquoi.\" It once produced over of","title":"Troy, Vermont"},{"psg_id":"9099201","text":"Tevi Troy Tevi David Troy is the CEO of the American Health Policy Institute. He is the author of \"What Jefferson Read, Ike Watched, and Obama Tweeted: 200 Years of Popular Culture in the White House\" and \"Shall We Wake The President? Two Centuries of Disaster Management From The Oval Office\". He served as a senior White House aide in the George W. Bush administration from March 2005 to July 2007 and Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services from August 2007 until January 2009. Troy is the son of Elaine Troy and Bernard Dov Troy of Queens Village, New","title":"Tevi Troy"},{"psg_id":"1108750","text":"to Live\" in the United States by CNN Money, using criteria including housing, quality of education, economic strength, and recreational opportunities. In 2008, Troy ranked as the fourth most affordable U.S. city with a median household income of approximately $79,000. The earliest recorded purchases of land in what was known as Troy Township occurred in 1819. A couple of years later a settlement known as Troy Corners was established due to Johnson Niles buying 160 acres in the region. The area is currently the north-central area of Troy. In 1827 Troy Township was established. In 1955 Troy was officially incorporated","title":"Troy, Michigan"},{"psg_id":"998846","text":"Jimmy C. Lunsford, was elected to his first term in 1985. He won re-election each year since until his retirement in 2012, and is the longest serving mayor in Troy history. The current mayor of Troy is Jason Reeves. Troy and Pike County offer various bus transportation services: Approximately 5 miles north of Troy is the Troy Municipal Airport, which can accommodate private aircraft but not commercial flights. Most travelers use the nearby Montgomery Regional Airport, which is located 51 miles to the north and is served by two commercial airlines, the Dothan Regional Airport, which is located 50 miles","title":"Troy, Alabama"},{"psg_id":"16586679","text":"Troy Daily News The Troy Daily News is an American daily newspaper published every day except Tuesdays and holidays in Troy, Ohio. Its Sunday edition is called the Miami Valley Sunday News. It is owned by AIM Media Midwest. In addition to Troy, the \"Daily News\" circulates in several communities of Miami County, Ohio, including Casstown, Conover, Covington, Fletcher, Piqua, Pleasant Hill, Tipp City and West Milton, as well as Christiansburg in Champaign County. The \"Daily News\" is printed in Tipp City. The newspaper was founded as a daily in 1909. In 1955, the newspaper was bought by George Kuser.","title":"Troy Daily News"},{"psg_id":"19959913","text":"Downtown Troy Historic District Downtown Troy Historic District is a national historic district located at Troy, Lincoln County, Missouri. The district encompasses 39 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing structures in the central business district and surrounding residential area of Troy. It developed between about 1832 and 1966, and includes representative examples of Late Victorian style architecture. Notable buildings include the Sherman Cottle House (1832), St. Stephens Methodist Church (1900-1901), Lincoln County Jail/Jailer's House (1876), Sacred Heart Catholic Church (1954), Lincoln County Courthouse (1869-1870), Troy Post Office (c. 1925), Farmers & Merchants Bank / Masonic Lodge (1906), Universalist","title":"Downtown Troy Historic District"},{"psg_id":"1164843","text":"Troy, New York Troy is a city in the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Rensselaer County. The city is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital District. The city is one of the three major centers for the Albany Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which has a population of 1,170,483. At the 2010 census, the population of Troy was 50,129. Troy's motto is \"Ilium fuit. Troja est\", which","title":"Troy, New York"},{"psg_id":"6429498","text":"Oakland/Troy Airport Oakland/Troy Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located east of the central business district of Troy, a city in Oakland County, Michigan, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a regional reliever airport facility. The Oakland/Troy Airport is considered the county's 'executive' airport. Business travelers and tourists using private, corporate and charter aircraft benefit from the airport's convenient proximity to business, recreation and entertainment facilities. It is located between Maple Road and 14 Mile Road and Coolidge Highway and Crooks","title":"Oakland/Troy Airport"},{"psg_id":"1164884","text":"city from Boston, Massachusetts. When it ended service, Troy Union Station closed. 8.5 miles to the south Amtrak has its Albany-Rensselaer station. Troy, New York Troy is a city in the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Rensselaer County. The city is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital District. The city is one of the three major centers for the Albany Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which has","title":"Troy, New York"},{"psg_id":"18722433","text":"in September 2014. In January 2015, Revett Minerals Inc. announced that the Troy Mine would be \"placed on care and maintenance\" due to low minerals prices. In March 2015, it was announced that Hecla Mining would purchase both Troy Mine and nearby Rock Creek Mine, and that Troy Mine, which has a $12.9 million reclamation bond, would be closed. As of 2012, the total reserve base was 12Moz of silver. An estimated 12 years of ore remained in its deposits as of 2015. Troy Mine The Troy Mine is a silver and Copper producer near Troy, Montana, in Lincoln County.","title":"Troy Mine"},{"psg_id":"18581379","text":"from the Department of Natural Resources Program Open Space. In 2011 the county began developing plans for the park and it held a construction groundbreaking on June 22, 2013. Once the park opened, it became the eighth regional park in Howard County, and the second regional park in Elkridge after Rockburn Branch Park. Troy Park Troy Park is a regional park comprising 101 acres in Elkridge, Maryland. The park is located at 6500 Mansion Lane off Washington Boulevard, near the intersection of Maryland Route 100 and I-95. Troy Park currently features several athletic fields, a playground, and trails. Once completed,","title":"Troy Park"},{"psg_id":"15114526","text":"and the average annual household income was $54,396. Troy, Virginia Troy is an unincorporated community in Fluvanna County, Virginia, United States. It lies just west of U.S. Route 15, between Zion Crossroads to the north and the county seat of Palmyra to the south. Troy's existence was defined by the Virginia Air Line Railway, which operated from 1908 to 1975. In 1998, the Virginia Department of Corrections opened the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women in the area. Previously called Clarkland, the location is named after \"Captain\" T. O. Troy, president of the now-defunct Virginia Air Line Railway. When construction on","title":"Troy, Virginia"},{"psg_id":"15114522","text":"Troy, Virginia Troy is an unincorporated community in Fluvanna County, Virginia, United States. It lies just west of U.S. Route 15, between Zion Crossroads to the north and the county seat of Palmyra to the south. Troy's existence was defined by the Virginia Air Line Railway, which operated from 1908 to 1975. In 1998, the Virginia Department of Corrections opened the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women in the area. Previously called Clarkland, the location is named after \"Captain\" T. O. Troy, president of the now-defunct Virginia Air Line Railway. When construction on the rail line to connect Lindsay and Strathmore","title":"Troy, Virginia"},{"psg_id":"16527775","text":"walked out on her. Troy tells Sonya he has changed since he joined the army and was posted to Afghanistan. He asks to see Callum and a meeting is arranged at Harold's Store. Troy and Callum get on well, but Toadie cuts the meeting short. He later allows Callum to spend the day with Troy. Sonya and Troy reminisce about their past and they later kiss. Harold asks Troy what his intentions towards Sonya are and Carolyn Johnstone (Paula Duncan) offers him money to leave, but Troy states that he just wants to get to know Callum. Troy is invited","title":"Troy Miller (Neighbours)"},{"psg_id":"1221161","text":"Troy, South Carolina Troy is a town in Greenwood County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 93 at the 2010 census. The Long Cane Massacre Site and Lower Long Cane Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Troy is located in the southwest corner of Greenwood County at (33.9869, -82.2958). South Carolina Highway 10 passes through the town, leading northeast to Greenwood, the county seat, and south to McCormick. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there","title":"Troy, South Carolina"},{"psg_id":"5947510","text":"Christian Troy Dr. Christian Troy is a fictional character played by Julian McMahon on the FX Networks series \"Nip/Tuck\". The show revolves around McNamara/Troy, the plastic surgery practice he runs with his business partner and best friend, Sean McNamara. Christian Troy is initially characterized as a self-absorbed womanizer with no qualms about using people to get what he wants. He drives flashy cars, wears Gucci suits, and frequents Miami's best nightclubs. However, the character is eventually shown to have a vulnerable side beneath his callous exterior. In one episode, he confesses that he was molested as a child by his","title":"Christian Troy"},{"psg_id":"8574231","text":"dog of an early settler. Troy Township was organized as part of Lorain County, and then it was added to Ashland County when it was formed on February 24, 1846 from portions of Huron, Lorain, Richland, and Wayne counties. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning","title":"Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio"},{"psg_id":"1073317","text":"was $31,786, and the median income for a family was $37,039. Males had a median income of $28,229 versus $19,706 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,138. About 13.4% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Kansas Troy is a city in and the county seat of Doniphan County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,010. Troy was platted in 1855. It was named after the ancient city of","title":"Troy, Kansas"},{"psg_id":"1086653","text":"Troy, Maine Troy is a town in Waldo County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,030 at the 2010 census. Settled in approximately 1801 as Bridge's Plantation, it was incorporated as the Town of Kingville on February 22, 1812. The town's name was changed to Joy in 1815, Montgomery in 1826, and finally to Troy in 1826. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water, chiefly Carlton Pond and bordering on Unity Pond. Troy is served by US Route 202 and Maine State Route","title":"Troy, Maine"},{"psg_id":"1241446","text":"versus $19,766 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,968. About 4.9% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 19.2% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Vermont Troy is a town in Orleans County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,662 at the 2010 census. Troy contains two villages: the unincorporated village of Troy, and the incorporated village of North Troy. Robert Starr has been moderator for Fifty years. Schools are operated by North Country Supervisory Union. The town has 2 departments providing","title":"Troy, Vermont"},{"psg_id":"13426102","text":"Troy Area School District Troy Area School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. It covers the boroughs of Troy, Burlington, Sylvania and Alba and Wells Township, South Creek Township, Columbia Township, Springfield Township, Armenia Township, Troy Township, West Burlington Township, Burlington Township and Granville Township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. Troy Area School District encompasses approximately . According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 10,410. In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $15,806 while the median family income was $39,780. In the Commonwealth, the median family income","title":"Troy Area School District"},{"psg_id":"13426154","text":"ES Cross Country Track Track and Field Soccer Boys and Girls Cheerleading Baseball Softball The district also pays teachers to run an extensive intramural program for the elementary students Troy Area School District Troy Area School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. It covers the boroughs of Troy, Burlington, Sylvania and Alba and Wells Township, South Creek Township, Columbia Township, Springfield Township, Armenia Township, Troy Township, West Burlington Township, Burlington Township and Granville Township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. Troy Area School District encompasses approximately . According to 2000 federal census data, it serves","title":"Troy Area School District"},{"psg_id":"11832669","text":"Troy Municipal Airport Troy Municipal Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located four nautical miles (4.6 mi, 7.4 km) northwest of the central business district of Troy, a city in Pike County, Alabama, United States. It is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Activated on 11 January 1942 as Troy Auxiliary Airfield, a satellite airfield for the United States Army Air Forces Maxwell Field near Montgomery. Known as Maxwell AAF Aux No. 4 - Troy (aka Troy No. 5) Also conducted basic flying training throughout the","title":"Troy Municipal Airport"},{"psg_id":"11526321","text":"Troy Airport Troy Airport is a public airport located one mile (2 km) northwest of the central business district of Troy, a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. It is owned by the United States Forest Service and is situated between U.S. Highway 2 and the Kootenai River in the Kootenai National Forest. Troy Airport covers an area of which contains one runway designated 14/32 with a 3,570 by 30 ft (1,088 by 9 m) asphalt surface. For the 12-month period ending August 25, 2005, the airport had 700 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 58 per month.","title":"Troy Airport"},{"psg_id":"11526320","text":"Troy Airport Troy Airport is a public airport located one mile (2 km) northwest of the central business district of Troy, a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. It is owned by the United States Forest Service and is situated between U.S. Highway 2 and the Kootenai River in the Kootenai National Forest. Troy Airport covers an area of which contains one runway designated 14/32 with a 3,570 by 30 ft (1,088 by 9 m) asphalt surface. For the 12-month period ending August 25, 2005, the airport had 700 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 58 per month.","title":"Troy Airport"},{"psg_id":"1051453","text":"poverty line, including 5.8% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over. Troy Grove, Illinois Troy Grove is a village in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. The population was 305 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Ottawa–Streator Micropolitan Statistical Area. Troy Grove is notable as the birthplace of Wild Bill Hickok and Kate Austin. It is home to the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial. Silica sand, a fine white sand used in making glass, is mined in the vicinity of Troy Grove. A post office called Troy Grove has been in","title":"Troy Grove, Illinois"},{"psg_id":"1051449","text":"Troy Grove, Illinois Troy Grove is a village in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. The population was 305 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Ottawa–Streator Micropolitan Statistical Area. Troy Grove is notable as the birthplace of Wild Bill Hickok and Kate Austin. It is home to the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial. Silica sand, a fine white sand used in making glass, is mined in the vicinity of Troy Grove. A post office called Troy Grove has been in operation since 1837. The community took its name from a nearby grove, which was named for an early settler.","title":"Troy Grove, Illinois"},{"psg_id":"1047333","text":"State University in Pullman, and Lewis–Clark State College in Lewiston. The defunct Tamarack Ski Area was northwest of Troy on East Moscow Mountain, near the top of Tamarack Road. Founded in 1966, the ski hill operated intermittently due to varying conditions, and seldom after 1980. The primary lift, a T-bar, was removed in 1992 and its A-frame base lodge (elevation ) was later razed. Troy, Idaho Troy is a city in Latah County, Idaho, United States. Located in the eastern part of the Palouse region, its population was 862 at the 2010 census. Troy is located at (46.738571, -116.770785)., east","title":"Troy, Idaho"},{"psg_id":"1899147","text":"East Troy, Wisconsin East Troy is a village in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 4,281 at the 2010 census. The village is located southeast of the Town of East Troy. A small portion extends into the adjacent Town of Troy. East Troy is located at (42.7868, -88.4036). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 4,281 people, 1,737 households, and 1,125 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were","title":"East Troy, Wisconsin"},{"psg_id":"1142758","text":"of Troy also has two 2015 NH licensed child care facilities with a capacity for up to 75 children. Troy, New Hampshire Troy is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,145 at the 2010 census. It is situated at the base of Mount Monadnock. The town center village, where 1,221 people resided at the 2010 census, is defined as the Troy census-designated place (CDP), and is located along New Hampshire Route 12. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Troy Village Historic District. Settled in 1762, by 1815 the community","title":"Troy, New Hampshire"},{"psg_id":"998813","text":"River on the east. After Pike County's borders were resized, the land that would later become Troy was settled in the early 1830's. Originally known as Deer Stand Hill (an Indian hunting ground) which was first settled about 1824, it was later known as Zebulon and then Centreville before being renamed Troy in 1838. Troy became the county seat that same year after having a new county courthouse being built in the city, replacing the previous county seat town of Monticello. The court met in local stores until the courthouse was built in 1839. In 1880, this structure was torn","title":"Troy, Alabama"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9637596\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Delaware County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the eighteen townships of Delaware County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 2,115, down from 2,665 at the 2000 census. Located in the northwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: Part of the city of Delaware, the county seat of Delaware County, is located in southern Troy Township. Troy Township was organized in 1816. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Delaware County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1204741\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania Troy Township is a township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,645 at the 2010 census. Children residing in the township are assigned to attend the Troy Area School District. Troy Township is located in western Bradford County and is bordered by Springfield Township to the northeast, West Burlington Township to the east, Granville Township to the south and east, Canton Township to the south, Armenia Township to the west and Columbia Township to the northwest. Troy Township surrounds the borough of Troy but is separate from it. The unincorporated community of\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8417376\",\n \"text\": \"are the responsibility of the Troy Township Fire Department. Troy Township, Richland County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the eighteen townships of Richland County, Ohio, United States. It is a part of the Mansfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. The 2000 census found 6,449 people in the township, 2,403 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The village of Lexington is located in eastern Troy Township. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Richland County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8282768\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Wood County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the nineteen townships of Wood County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 3,870 people in the township, 2,858 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the northeastern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The village of Luckey is located in southwestern Troy Township, and the unincorporated communities of Lemoyne and Stony Ridge lie in the township's north and northwest respectively. Troy Township was established in 1834. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Wood County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11022286\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Fountain County, Indiana Troy Township is one of eleven townships in Fountain County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,711 and it contained 1,657 housing units. Troy Township lies along the western side of Fountain County; the Wabash River defines the western borders of both. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 98.69%) is land and (or 1.31%) is water. Troy Township contains the Fountain County seat of Covington, in the western part of the county near the river. At one time, the unincorporated community of\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Fountain County, Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9637593\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the fourteen townships of Athens County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 2,617 people in the township, 2,121 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the southeastern corner of the county along the Ohio River, it borders the following townships: Wood County, West Virginia lies across the Ohio River to the southeast. The village of Coolville is located in central Troy Township, and the unincorporated community of Hockingport lies along the Ohio River shoreline. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. In 1833,\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8574769\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the sixteen townships of Morrow County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,129 people in the township. Located in the northeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Troy Township. The Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course is located in the township on Steam Corners Road just west of the Richland County line. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1262467\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,328 at the 2000 census. The census-designated place of Potter Lake is located in the town. The unincorporated communities of Adams, Little Prairie, Troy, and Troy Center are also located in the town. The ghost town of Mayhews was also located in the town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.4 square miles (91.8 km²), of which, 34.7 square miles (90.0 km²) of it is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km²) of it (1.95%)\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1121361\",\n \"text\": \"the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over. Troy Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat. At the state level, Troy Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22A, represented by Republican Joe Schomacker. Troy Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota Troy Township is a township in Pipestone County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 318 at the 2000 census. Troy Township was organized in 1879, and named after Troy, New York. According to\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8417374\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Richland County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the eighteen townships of Richland County, Ohio, United States. It is a part of the Mansfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. The 2000 census found 6,449 people in the township, 2,403 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The village of Lexington is located in eastern Troy Township. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Richland County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9535447\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the sixteen townships of Geauga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 2,801, up from 2,567 at the 2000 census. Located in the southern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Troy Township, although the unincorporated community of Welshfield is located in the township's center. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8574230\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the fifteen townships of Ashland County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 1,132. Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Troy Township, although the unincorporated community of Nova is located in the center of the township. It is one of seven Troy Townships statewide. The township was first surveyed in 1806, at which time the territory was composed of thick woods, but not officially organized or named until 1835. It was named for the\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1236353\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania Troy Township is a township in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,235 at the 2010 census. The township is in southeastern Crawford County, bordered to the south by Venango County. It includes the unincorporated hamlet of Troy Center. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.14%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,339 people, 471 households, and 384 families residing in the township. The population density was 42.4 people per square mile (16.4/km²).\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9637595\",\n \"text\": \"are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the fourteen townships of Athens County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 2,617 people in the township, 2,121 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Located in the southeastern corner of the county along the Ohio River, it borders the following townships: Wood County, West Virginia lies across the Ohio River to the southeast. The village of Coolville is located in central Troy Township, and the unincorporated community of Hockingport lies along the Ohio River shoreline. It is one of\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Athens County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1261431\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 773 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Black Hawk, Cassell, and Witwen are located in the town. The town was named after Troy, Ohio, the native home of an early settler. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 54.3 square miles (140.6 km²), of which, 53.1 square miles (137.6 km²) of it is land and 1.1 square miles (3.0 km²) of it (2.12%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 773\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8574232\",\n \"text\": \"on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the fifteen townships of Ashland County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 1,132. Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Troy Township, although the unincorporated community of Nova is located in the center of the township.\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1121358\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota Troy Township is a township in Pipestone County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 318 at the 2000 census. Troy Township was organized in 1879, and named after Troy, New York. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 43.6 square miles (113.0 km²), all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 318 people, 110 households, and 94 families residing in the township. The population density was 7.3 people per square mile (2.8/km²). There were 114 housing units at an average density of 2.6/sq mi\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122470\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Township, Renville County, Minnesota Troy Township is a township in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 325 at the 2000 census. Troy Township was organized in 1876. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.8 square miles (90.2 km²); 34.8 square miles (90.1 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.09%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 325 people, 112 households, and 91 families residing in the township. The population density was 9.3 people per square mile (3.6/km²). There were\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Renville County, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11049915\",\n \"text\": \"Etna-Troy Township, Whitley County, Indiana Etna-Troy Township is one of nine townships in Whitley County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,889 and it contained 921 housing units. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 97.64%) is land and (or 2.36%) is water. Lakes in this township include Goose Lake, Indian Lake, Little Troy Cedar Lake, Loon Lake, Mud Lake, New Lake, Old Lake, Rine Lake, Robinson Lake, Scott Lake, Tadpole Lake, Troy Cedar Lake and Winters Lake. The stream of Cedar Lake Branch runs through\",\n \"title\": \"Etna-Troy Township, Whitley County, Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15697147\",\n \"text\": \"Old Troy, Texas Old Troy, Texas known as Troy, Texas for most of its existence and the location of the Elm Creek Post Office, is a ghost town in Bell County, Texas about two miles north of the current city of Troy, Texas. It was one of the places settled in the 1850s, with a post office named Elm Creek established in 1854. When the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad came through in 1882 it built its route south of the town and established a station at what is now Troy, Texas. Many of the residents resisted the rise of\",\n \"title\": \"Old Troy, Texas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3178297\",\n \"text\": \"program's home facility is the Pike County Cattlemen's Arena in Troy where it hosts a three-day rodeo each October that features college rodeo programs from throughout the southern region of the United States. Troy University calf roper Ben Mayworth won the 2007 national title in Casper, Wyoming, at the National Finals Collegiate Rodeo. The Hall of Fame of Distinguished Band Conductors was established on the campus of what was then known as Troy State University in Troy, Alabama by the National Band Association in 1979. The Hall of Fame contains the picture and biographies of band directors who have distinguished\",\n \"title\": \"Troy University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1204745\",\n \"text\": \"in the township was $36,133, and the median income for a family was $43,233. Males had a median income of $27,113 versus $21,328 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,076. About 8.4% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 8.0% of those age 65 or over. Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania Troy Township is a township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,645 at the 2010 census. Children residing in the township are assigned to attend the Troy Area School\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1122473\",\n \"text\": \"income of $31,667 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the township was $23,803. About 8.1% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over. Troy Township, Renville County, Minnesota Troy Township is a township in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 325 at the 2000 census. Troy Township was organized in 1876. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.8 square miles (90.2 km²); 34.8 square miles (90.1 km²) of\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Renville County, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1236356\",\n \"text\": \"median income for a family was $36,635. Males had a median income of $28,929 versus $19,712 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,505. About 10.3% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over. Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania Troy Township is a township in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,235 at the 2010 census. The township is in southeastern Crawford County, bordered to the south by Venango County. It includes the unincorporated hamlet of\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15760993\",\n \"text\": \"on a northeast–southwest axis. The fault separates the Highlands from the Piedmont, also known as the Newark Basin. The Wisconsin Glacier covered the area from 25,000 B.C. to 13,000 B.C. and when it melted due to climate warming, Glacial Lake Passaic was created. The lake slowly drained and the meadows was created. This is what created Troy Meadows. The marsh is owned by \\\"Wildlife Preserves\\\" and the State of New Jersey. Inside the marsh, there is a two mile boardwalk. Troy Meadows Troy Meadows is a nature preserve in Parsippany, Morris County, New Jersey. Along with the Great Swamp, it\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Meadows\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11049916\",\n \"text\": \"this township. (This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.) The township contains four cemeteries: Adams, Kiester, Pleasant Grove and Scott. Etna-Troy Township, Whitley County, Indiana Etna-Troy Township is one of nine townships in Whitley County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,889 and it contained 921 housing units. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 97.64%) is land and (or 2.36%) is water. Lakes in this township include Goose Lake, Indian Lake, Little Troy Cedar Lake, Loon Lake, Mud Lake, New\",\n \"title\": \"Etna-Troy Township, Whitley County, Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1261434\",\n \"text\": \"over, there were 107.1 males. The median income for a household in the town was $39,432, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $28,438 versus $23,984 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,735. About 5.9% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 773 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Sauk County, Wisconsin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1125219\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Missouri Troy is a city in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 10,540. It is the county seat of Lincoln County. Troy is part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area. Troy was platted in 1819. Some say the community was named after Troy, New York, while others believe the name is a transfer from Troy, Vermont. An early variant name was Woods Fort. A post office called Troy has been in operation since 1823. The Downtown Troy Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. Troy\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1125226\",\n \"text\": \"the largest of Missouri's state parks, lies approximately three miles to the northeast of Troy, across the Cuivre River valley. Troy is home to Troy Buchanan High School, Troy Middle School, Troy South Middle School, Main Street Elementary, Boone Elementary School, Claude Brown Elementary, Cuivre Park Elementary, Lincoln County R-III Early Childhood Education Center, William Cappel Elementary School, and Lincoln Elementary School, all of which are part of the Lincoln County R-III School District. Troy, Missouri Troy is a city in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 10,540. It is the county seat\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1058363\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Indiana Troy is a town in Troy Township, Perry County, Indiana, along the Ohio River near the mouth of the Anderson River. It is the second oldest city in Indiana. The population was 385 at the 2010 census. Troy was laid out in 1815. Troy was an early county seat of Perry County. A post office has been in operation at Troy since 1818. The Nester House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. Future U.S. President Abraham Lincoln began operating a ferry near present-day Troy in 1826. Troy is located at (37.993975, -86.799397). According\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9637597\",\n \"text\": \"four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Emergency medical services in Concord Township are provided by the Delaware County EMS. Troy Township, Delaware County, Ohio Troy Township is\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Delaware County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9535448\",\n \"text\": \"following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the sixteen townships of Geauga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8574770\",\n \"text\": \"on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the sixteen townships of Morrow County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,129\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1261898\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, St. Croix County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,661 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Glover is located in the town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 39.8 square miles (103.0 km²), of which, 37.7 square miles (97.7 km²) of it is land and 2.0 square miles (5.3 km²) of it (5.11%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,661 people, 1,250 households, and 1,047 families residing in the town. The population density was 97.0 people\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, St. Croix County, Wisconsin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1261901\",\n \"text\": \"for a household in the town was $73,125, and the median income for a family was $75,874. Males had a median income of $44,942 versus $39,360 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,861. About 0.7% of families and 1.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. Troy, St. Croix County, Wisconsin Troy is a town in St. Croix County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,661 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Glover is located in the town.\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, St. Croix County, Wisconsin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1204736\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Pennsylvania Troy is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,354 at the 2010 census. Children residing in the borough are assigned to attend the Troy Area School District. The Troy Public High School and Van Dyne Civic Building are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Troy is located in western Bradford County at (41.782180, -76.789561). It is surrounded by Troy Township but is separate from it. U.S. Route 6 passes through the borough, leading east to Towanda, the county seat, and west to Mansfield. Pennsylvania Route 14 turns south from US-6 in\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1187123\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Ohio Troy is a city in and the county seat of Miami County, Ohio, United States located north of Dayton. The population was 25,058 at the 2010 census, making it the largest city in the county and the 61st largest city in Ohio; it is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area. Troy is home to an annual Strawberry Festival the first weekend in June. Troy was platted ca. 1807. A post office called Troy has been in operation since 1824. Troy was one of the cities impacted by severe flooding in the Great Flood of 1913. On August\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1223076\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Tennessee Troy is a town in Obion County, Tennessee. The population was 1,371 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Union City, TN–KY Micropolitan Statistical Area. Troy was founded in 1825 as the original county seat of Obion County. Frontiersman Davy Crockett was in attendance when the town was platted. Troy remained the county seat until 1890, when it was moved to Union City following a contentious legal dispute. According to the United States Census Bureau, Troy has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,273 people, 533 households,\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Tennessee\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11022287\",\n \"text\": \"Layton existed in the southeast part of the township along the present route of U.S. Route 136. Interstate 74 passes through the southern part of the township. U.S. Route 136 lies to the north of I-74 for most of its route; it passes through Covington, but east of Layton, I-74 crosses to its north side. The township contains the four cemeteries of Bend, Mount Hope, Prescott Grove and Sand Hill. Troy Township, Fountain County, Indiana Troy Township is one of eleven townships in Fountain County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,711 and it contained 1,657 housing\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Fountain County, Indiana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"998810\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Alabama Troy is a city in Pike County, Alabama, United States. The city is the county seat of Pike County. It was formally incorporated on February 4, 1843. Between the years of 1763 and 1783, the area where Troy sits was part of the colony of British West Florida. After 1783 the region fell under the jurisdiction of the newly created United States of America. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,033. The 2016 estimated population was 19,191. The City of Troy is considered one of the fastest growing cities in Alabama. Troy is a college town\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Alabama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1187132\",\n \"text\": \"tax is due. Troy City Schools operates public schools The Western Ohio Japanese Language School (オハイオ西部日本語学校 \\\"Ohaio Seibu Nihongo Gakkō\\\") is a supplementary weekend Japanese school in unincorporated Miami County, near Troy. It started in April 1988. Troy has a public library, a branch of the Troy-Miami County Public Library. The city and surrounding area are served by a daily newspaper based in Troy, the \\\"Troy Daily News\\\" in addition to WTJN-LP \\\"Troy Community Radio\\\" 107.1 FM and online. On August 30, 2013 Mumford & Sons had a concert in the Troy High School football stadium for their Gentlemen of\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1174752\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, North Carolina Troy is a town in Montgomery County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,189 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Montgomery County. The short story by Charles W. Chesnutt, called \\\"The Sheriff's Children,\\\" is set in Troy. The Hotel Troy, Montgomery County Courthouse, and Troy Residential Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On November 06, 2018, Sherri Harris Allgood was elected as mayor of Troy, NC. Allgood became the first female elected for the position as well as the first African American. Her win was historic as\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, North Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1073311\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Kansas Troy is a city in and the county seat of Doniphan County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,010. Troy was platted in 1855. It was named after the ancient city of Troy. The first house in Troy was built in 1856, and the first store opened in 1857. Troy was incorporated as a city in 1860. The first post office in Troy was established in March, 1857. Troy grew up from humble beginnings along the wagon route from St. Joseph, Missouri to Oregon and California. British explorer Richard Francis Burton en\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Kansas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1262470\",\n \"text\": \"age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.9 males. The median income for a household in the town was $57,604, and the median income for a family was $59,167. Males had a median income of $41,467 versus $26,969 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,200. About 2.4% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin Troy is a\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1204740\",\n \"text\": \"borough was $16,963. About 8.2% of families and 21.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 18.6% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Pennsylvania Troy is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,354 at the 2010 census. Children residing in the borough are assigned to attend the Troy Area School District. The Troy Public High School and Van Dyne Civic Building are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Troy is located in western Bradford County at (41.782180, -76.789561). It is surrounded by Troy\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15966818\",\n \"text\": \"to Houston in 1888. Troy is also the site of a Civil War Union Cemetery containing several unmarked graves. John Longest settled in Troy as an adult, and went on to serve in the State Legislature. Troy, Mississippi Troy is an unincorporated community in Pontotoc County, Mississippi, around the intersection of Mississippi Highway 41 and County Road 82, roughly two miles west of the Natchez Trace Parkway, due west of Shannon. Troy was established in the 1830s at a site about two miles north of its present coordinates (later referred to as Old Troy), and moved to its current location\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Mississippi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1226302\",\n \"text\": \"is Mays Elementary School, Troy Elementary School, Raymond Mays Middle School, and Troy High School. Troy, Texas Troy is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,645 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. Troy is located in northern Bell County at (31.202907, -97.301719), along Interstate 35. It is north of Temple and south of Waco. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 0.20%, is water. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Texas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9054002\",\n \"text\": \"South Troy, Minnesota South Troy is an unincorporated community in Zumbro Township, Wabasha County, Minnesota, United States. It is located on U.S. Highway 63 about 13 miles north of Rochester. Nearby places include Hammond, Zumbro Falls, Mazeppa, Potsdam, and Oronoco. Wabasha County Roads 7 and 11 are nearby. South Troy had a post office from 1858 to 1903. Nearby Zumbro Falls was originally named \\\"Troy\\\" in the 1850s. The area south of Zumbro Falls to the Wabasha–Olmsted County line along U.S. 63 was named \\\"South Troy\\\". The name of Troy was changed to Zumbro Falls after 1860 because there was\",\n \"title\": \"South Troy, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"998850\",\n \"text\": \"bar in the 1970s among other well-known artists. Troy, Alabama Troy is a city in Pike County, Alabama, United States. The city is the county seat of Pike County. It was formally incorporated on February 4, 1843. Between the years of 1763 and 1783, the area where Troy sits was part of the colony of British West Florida. After 1783 the region fell under the jurisdiction of the newly created United States of America. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,033. The 2016 estimated population was 19,191. The City of Troy is considered one of the fastest growing\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Alabama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8282769\",\n \"text\": \"board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Troy Township, Wood County, Ohio Troy Township is\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Wood County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12266671\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Oregon Troy is an unincorporated community in rural Wallowa County, Oregon, United States at the conflux of the Grande Ronde and Wenaha rivers. Troy is west of Flora on Oregon Route 3 close to the Washington state line. It is known for its excellent river fishing, and has an RV park and two fishing lodges, as well as the Troy Resort, and a restaurant, the Wenaha Bar and Grill. There are no other businesses, and the only services are a public school and a county library branch. Troy began to form in the late 1890s, with the establishment in\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Oregon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7728590\",\n \"text\": \"it a year later, after completing work on Preston's second Apple album, \\\"Encouraging Words\\\". By May 1970, having recently collaborated with \\\"genuine R&B heavy-weights\\\" such as Doris Troy and Preston, as well as participating in the \\\"blue-eyed soul\\\" Delaney & Bonnie European tour, along with Eric Clapton, the previous December, Harrison was well placed to record \\\"What Is Life\\\", Leng observes. With Phil Spector as co-producer and all the Friends team on hand, the song was among the first tracks taped for Harrison's debut post-Beatles solo album; recording took place at Abbey Road Studios in London, during late May or\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Life\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1187133\",\n \"text\": \"the Road Stopover tour. Troy is home to the Troy-Hayner Cultural Center, a 1914 Romanesque mansion donated to the city by Mary Jane Harter Coleman Hayner. Hayner had been the wife William Hayner, founder of a Dayton-based mail order whiskey business which operated prior to the Prohibition. Today, the Troy-Hayner houses the Hayner Distillery Collection as well as a variety of works by local artists. Troy, Ohio Troy is a city in and the county seat of Miami County, Ohio, United States located north of Dayton. The population was 25,058 at the 2010 census, making it the largest city in\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"934119\",\n \"text\": \"is currently represented by Blaine Luetkemeyer (R-St. Elizabeth) in the U.S. House of Representatives. Lincoln County, Missouri Lincoln County is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 52,566. Its county seat is Troy. The county was founded December 14, 1818, and named for Major General Benjamin Lincoln of the American Revolutionary War. Lincoln County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to Goodspeed's \\\"History of Lincoln County, Missouri\\\" (1888), Lincoln County was named by Major Christopher Clark, the first permanent white settler in\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln County, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1226297\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Texas Troy is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,645 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. Troy is located in northern Bell County at (31.202907, -97.301719), along Interstate 35. It is north of Temple and south of Waco. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 0.20%, is water. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Troy has\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Texas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1108749\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Michigan Troy is a city located in Metropolitan Detroit's northern suburbs in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 80,980 at the 2010 census, making it the 11th-largest city in Michigan by population, and the largest city in Oakland County. Troy has become a business and shopping destination in the Metro Detroit area, with numerous office centers and the upscale Somerset Collection mall. In 2011, Troy was ranked the safest city in Michigan, as well as the 19th safest city in the nation. In 2008, Troy was ranked 22nd on a list of \\\"Best Places\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Michigan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15966817\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Mississippi Troy is an unincorporated community in Pontotoc County, Mississippi, around the intersection of Mississippi Highway 41 and County Road 82, roughly two miles west of the Natchez Trace Parkway, due west of Shannon. Troy was established in the 1830s at a site about two miles north of its present coordinates (later referred to as Old Troy), and moved to its current location in 1881. In the late 1800s, this was the site of Troy Normal College, which at times was also known as Mississippi Normal College. The college was founded by professor H.B. Abernethy in 1882. but moved\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Mississippi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13670113\",\n \"text\": \"She died in 1993 in Bonmahon, County Waterford. Many of her papers, collected by Ann Butler of Cambridge, Massachusetts, are to be found as the \\\"Una Troy Papers\\\" at the National Library of Ireland. Una Troy Una Troy Walsh (1913–1993) was an Irish novelist and playwright who wrote under the names Elizabeth Connor and Una Troy. Troy was born in Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland in either May 21, 1910 or 1913. She married (1931) Dr. Joe Walsh of Bonmahon who served as physician to the I.R.A. West Waterford Flying Column under Commandant George Lennon of Dungarvan. He is buried adjacent\",\n \"title\": \"Una Troy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"934113\",\n \"text\": \"Lincoln County, Missouri Lincoln County is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 52,566. Its county seat is Troy. The county was founded December 14, 1818, and named for Major General Benjamin Lincoln of the American Revolutionary War. Lincoln County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to Goodspeed's \\\"History of Lincoln County, Missouri\\\" (1888), Lincoln County was named by Major Christopher Clark, the first permanent white settler in an address to the Territorial Legislature. He said, \\\"I was born, sir, in Link-Horn\",\n \"title\": \"Lincoln County, Missouri\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3178301\",\n \"text\": \"increase competitiveness in the marketplace. This will assist in improving and increasing job creation in Pike County. The assistance of Senator Shelby (R-Ala) was instrumental in obtaining the funding for this venture. Troy University has three other satellite campuses located in the state of Alabama: Troy University Troy University is a comprehensive public university that is located in Troy, Alabama, United States. It was founded on February 26, 1887 as Troy State Normal School within the Alabama State University System by an Act of the Alabama Legislature. It is the flagship university of the Troy University System. Troy University is\",\n \"title\": \"Troy University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16586684\",\n \"text\": \"photographer 7. Former TDN owner dies, Troy Daily News, March 18, 2012. Troy Daily News The Troy Daily News is an American daily newspaper published every day except Tuesdays and holidays in Troy, Ohio. Its Sunday edition is called the Miami Valley Sunday News. It is owned by AIM Media Midwest. In addition to Troy, the \\\"Daily News\\\" circulates in several communities of Miami County, Ohio, including Casstown, Conover, Covington, Fletcher, Piqua, Pleasant Hill, Tipp City and West Milton, as well as Christiansburg in Champaign County. The \\\"Daily News\\\" is printed in Tipp City. The newspaper was founded as a\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Daily News\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1134075\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Montana Troy is a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. The population was 938 at the 2010 census. Troy is located at (48.459944, -115.890974). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. Troy has an elevation of about 1,800 feet above sea level and is the lowest town in elevation in Montana. Troy is 12 miles from the border of Montana and Idaho. Troy's next closest city is Libby, which is 18 miles away. The Troy Mine, which produced silver and copper, was scheduled\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Montana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1134079\",\n \"text\": \"in nearby Libby. Troy is featured in Max Brooks' post-apocalyptic zombie novel \\\"World War Z\\\", as a safe zone for humanity. Troy, Montana Troy is a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. The population was 938 at the 2010 census. Troy is located at (48.459944, -115.890974). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. Troy has an elevation of about 1,800 feet above sea level and is the lowest town in elevation in Montana. Troy is 12 miles from the border of Montana and Idaho.\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Montana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6429500\",\n \"text\": \"aircraft maintenance, as well as AvGas and Jet-A fuel, are available on the field. Other Airport Information: There are currently 108 aircraft based at Oakland/Troy Airport. Single Engined Aircraft: 95 Multi Engined Aircraft: 10 Helicopters: 3 Jets: 0 Oakland/Troy Airport Oakland/Troy Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located east of the central business district of Troy, a city in Oakland County, Michigan, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a regional reliever airport facility. The Oakland/Troy Airport is considered the county's 'executive'\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland/Troy Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9054003\",\n \"text\": \"already a community named Troy in southeast Minnesota at Winona County. South Troy was known for being a home for Laura Ingalls Wilder, the writer of the \\\"Little House on the Prairie\\\" series of books, and her family for a short time in the summer of 1876. This is where Charles and Caroline Ingalls fourth child, and their only son, Charles Frederic 'Freddy' Ingalls (November 1, 1875 in Walnut Grove, Minnesota – August 27, 1876 in South Troy), died at the age of 10 months. South Troy, Minnesota South Troy is an unincorporated community in Zumbro Township, Wabasha County, Minnesota,\",\n \"title\": \"South Troy, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12716624\",\n \"text\": \"Troy (Dorsey, Maryland) Troy, also known as Troy Hill Farm, is a historic slave plantation home located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is associated with the prominent Dorsey family of Howard County, who also built Dorsey Hall. The lands of \\\"Troy\\\" were surveyed by Hon. John Dorsey in 1694, where he moved in 1696 with 2 slaves. The property stayed in the family though his great-grandson Col. Thomas Dorsey (-1790) of the American Revolution whose estate sold it in 1808. Troy was inherited by Basil Dorsey in 1714, followed by Caleb Dorsey who reduced the land to\",\n \"title\": \"Troy (Dorsey, Maryland)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12716628\",\n \"text\": \"the plans were changed to clear-cut most the wooded parkland around the historic structure to implement revenue-generating ball fields and soccer fields for the parks system, allowing the Troy house to stand in the parking lot as a possible meeting house or restaurant. Troy was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 2015, the group Preservation Howard County placed the house on its top 10 most endangered list. Troy (Dorsey, Maryland) Troy, also known as Troy Hill Farm, is a historic slave plantation home located at Elkridge, Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is associated with\",\n \"title\": \"Troy (Dorsey, Maryland)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18722432\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Mine The Troy Mine is a silver and Copper producer near Troy, Montana, in Lincoln County. It operated between 1981 and 1993, when it was closed. It was re-opened in 2005 to be used as a training site for the Rock Creek Mine, located not far away in Sanders County, Montana. The Troy Mine produced about 1.25-1.4Moz silver per annum as of 2012; 159,121 pounds of copper and 27,053 pounds of silver between November 2014 and January 2015. A miner was killed in a cave-in in 2007. Rockslides and rock falls closed the mine in December 2012. It re-opened\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Mine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1241440\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Vermont Troy is a town in Orleans County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,662 at the 2010 census. Troy contains two villages: the unincorporated village of Troy, and the incorporated village of North Troy. Robert Starr has been moderator for Fifty years. Schools are operated by North Country Supervisory Union. The town has 2 departments providing local services to residents: There are two fire department serving Troy: According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.1 square miles (93.4 km), all land. Troy was chartered as \\\"Missisquoi.\\\" It once produced over of\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Vermont\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9099201\",\n \"text\": \"Tevi Troy Tevi David Troy is the CEO of the American Health Policy Institute. He is the author of \\\"What Jefferson Read, Ike Watched, and Obama Tweeted: 200 Years of Popular Culture in the White House\\\" and \\\"Shall We Wake The President? Two Centuries of Disaster Management From The Oval Office\\\". He served as a senior White House aide in the George W. Bush administration from March 2005 to July 2007 and Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services from August 2007 until January 2009. Troy is the son of Elaine Troy and Bernard Dov Troy of Queens Village, New\",\n \"title\": \"Tevi Troy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1108750\",\n \"text\": \"to Live\\\" in the United States by CNN Money, using criteria including housing, quality of education, economic strength, and recreational opportunities. In 2008, Troy ranked as the fourth most affordable U.S. city with a median household income of approximately $79,000. The earliest recorded purchases of land in what was known as Troy Township occurred in 1819. A couple of years later a settlement known as Troy Corners was established due to Johnson Niles buying 160 acres in the region. The area is currently the north-central area of Troy. In 1827 Troy Township was established. In 1955 Troy was officially incorporated\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Michigan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"998846\",\n \"text\": \"Jimmy C. Lunsford, was elected to his first term in 1985. He won re-election each year since until his retirement in 2012, and is the longest serving mayor in Troy history. The current mayor of Troy is Jason Reeves. Troy and Pike County offer various bus transportation services: Approximately 5 miles north of Troy is the Troy Municipal Airport, which can accommodate private aircraft but not commercial flights. Most travelers use the nearby Montgomery Regional Airport, which is located 51 miles to the north and is served by two commercial airlines, the Dothan Regional Airport, which is located 50 miles\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Alabama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16586679\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Daily News The Troy Daily News is an American daily newspaper published every day except Tuesdays and holidays in Troy, Ohio. Its Sunday edition is called the Miami Valley Sunday News. It is owned by AIM Media Midwest. In addition to Troy, the \\\"Daily News\\\" circulates in several communities of Miami County, Ohio, including Casstown, Conover, Covington, Fletcher, Piqua, Pleasant Hill, Tipp City and West Milton, as well as Christiansburg in Champaign County. The \\\"Daily News\\\" is printed in Tipp City. The newspaper was founded as a daily in 1909. In 1955, the newspaper was bought by George Kuser.\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Daily News\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19959913\",\n \"text\": \"Downtown Troy Historic District Downtown Troy Historic District is a national historic district located at Troy, Lincoln County, Missouri. The district encompasses 39 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing structures in the central business district and surrounding residential area of Troy. It developed between about 1832 and 1966, and includes representative examples of Late Victorian style architecture. Notable buildings include the Sherman Cottle House (1832), St. Stephens Methodist Church (1900-1901), Lincoln County Jail/Jailer's House (1876), Sacred Heart Catholic Church (1954), Lincoln County Courthouse (1869-1870), Troy Post Office (c. 1925), Farmers & Merchants Bank / Masonic Lodge (1906), Universalist\",\n \"title\": \"Downtown Troy Historic District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1164843\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, New York Troy is a city in the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Rensselaer County. The city is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital District. The city is one of the three major centers for the Albany Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which has a population of 1,170,483. At the 2010 census, the population of Troy was 50,129. Troy's motto is \\\"Ilium fuit. Troja est\\\", which\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6429498\",\n \"text\": \"Oakland/Troy Airport Oakland/Troy Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located east of the central business district of Troy, a city in Oakland County, Michigan, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a regional reliever airport facility. The Oakland/Troy Airport is considered the county's 'executive' airport. Business travelers and tourists using private, corporate and charter aircraft benefit from the airport's convenient proximity to business, recreation and entertainment facilities. It is located between Maple Road and 14 Mile Road and Coolidge Highway and Crooks\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland/Troy Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1164884\",\n \"text\": \"city from Boston, Massachusetts. When it ended service, Troy Union Station closed. 8.5 miles to the south Amtrak has its Albany-Rensselaer station. Troy, New York Troy is a city in the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Rensselaer County. The city is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital District. The city is one of the three major centers for the Albany Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which has\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, New York\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18722433\",\n \"text\": \"in September 2014. In January 2015, Revett Minerals Inc. announced that the Troy Mine would be \\\"placed on care and maintenance\\\" due to low minerals prices. In March 2015, it was announced that Hecla Mining would purchase both Troy Mine and nearby Rock Creek Mine, and that Troy Mine, which has a $12.9 million reclamation bond, would be closed. As of 2012, the total reserve base was 12Moz of silver. An estimated 12 years of ore remained in its deposits as of 2015. Troy Mine The Troy Mine is a silver and Copper producer near Troy, Montana, in Lincoln County.\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Mine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18581379\",\n \"text\": \"from the Department of Natural Resources Program Open Space. In 2011 the county began developing plans for the park and it held a construction groundbreaking on June 22, 2013. Once the park opened, it became the eighth regional park in Howard County, and the second regional park in Elkridge after Rockburn Branch Park. Troy Park Troy Park is a regional park comprising 101 acres in Elkridge, Maryland. The park is located at 6500 Mansion Lane off Washington Boulevard, near the intersection of Maryland Route 100 and I-95. Troy Park currently features several athletic fields, a playground, and trails. Once completed,\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15114526\",\n \"text\": \"and the average annual household income was $54,396. Troy, Virginia Troy is an unincorporated community in Fluvanna County, Virginia, United States. It lies just west of U.S. Route 15, between Zion Crossroads to the north and the county seat of Palmyra to the south. Troy's existence was defined by the Virginia Air Line Railway, which operated from 1908 to 1975. In 1998, the Virginia Department of Corrections opened the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women in the area. Previously called Clarkland, the location is named after \\\"Captain\\\" T. O. Troy, president of the now-defunct Virginia Air Line Railway. When construction on\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Virginia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15114522\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Virginia Troy is an unincorporated community in Fluvanna County, Virginia, United States. It lies just west of U.S. Route 15, between Zion Crossroads to the north and the county seat of Palmyra to the south. Troy's existence was defined by the Virginia Air Line Railway, which operated from 1908 to 1975. In 1998, the Virginia Department of Corrections opened the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women in the area. Previously called Clarkland, the location is named after \\\"Captain\\\" T. O. Troy, president of the now-defunct Virginia Air Line Railway. When construction on the rail line to connect Lindsay and Strathmore\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Virginia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16527775\",\n \"text\": \"walked out on her. Troy tells Sonya he has changed since he joined the army and was posted to Afghanistan. He asks to see Callum and a meeting is arranged at Harold's Store. Troy and Callum get on well, but Toadie cuts the meeting short. He later allows Callum to spend the day with Troy. Sonya and Troy reminisce about their past and they later kiss. Harold asks Troy what his intentions towards Sonya are and Carolyn Johnstone (Paula Duncan) offers him money to leave, but Troy states that he just wants to get to know Callum. Troy is invited\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Miller (Neighbours)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1221161\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, South Carolina Troy is a town in Greenwood County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 93 at the 2010 census. The Long Cane Massacre Site and Lower Long Cane Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Troy is located in the southwest corner of Greenwood County at (33.9869, -82.2958). South Carolina Highway 10 passes through the town, leading northeast to Greenwood, the county seat, and south to McCormick. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5947510\",\n \"text\": \"Christian Troy Dr. Christian Troy is a fictional character played by Julian McMahon on the FX Networks series \\\"Nip/Tuck\\\". The show revolves around McNamara/Troy, the plastic surgery practice he runs with his business partner and best friend, Sean McNamara. Christian Troy is initially characterized as a self-absorbed womanizer with no qualms about using people to get what he wants. He drives flashy cars, wears Gucci suits, and frequents Miami's best nightclubs. However, the character is eventually shown to have a vulnerable side beneath his callous exterior. In one episode, he confesses that he was molested as a child by his\",\n \"title\": \"Christian Troy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8574231\",\n \"text\": \"dog of an early settler. Troy Township was organized as part of Lorain County, and then it was added to Ashland County when it was formed on February 24, 1846 from portions of Huron, Lorain, Richland, and Wayne counties. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Township, Ashland County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1073317\",\n \"text\": \"was $31,786, and the median income for a family was $37,039. Males had a median income of $28,229 versus $19,706 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,138. About 13.4% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Kansas Troy is a city in and the county seat of Doniphan County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,010. Troy was platted in 1855. It was named after the ancient city of\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Kansas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1086653\",\n \"text\": \"Troy, Maine Troy is a town in Waldo County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,030 at the 2010 census. Settled in approximately 1801 as Bridge's Plantation, it was incorporated as the Town of Kingville on February 22, 1812. The town's name was changed to Joy in 1815, Montgomery in 1826, and finally to Troy in 1826. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water, chiefly Carlton Pond and bordering on Unity Pond. Troy is served by US Route 202 and Maine State Route\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Maine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1241446\",\n \"text\": \"versus $19,766 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,968. About 4.9% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.7% of those under age 18 and 19.2% of those age 65 or over. Troy, Vermont Troy is a town in Orleans County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,662 at the 2010 census. Troy contains two villages: the unincorporated village of Troy, and the incorporated village of North Troy. Robert Starr has been moderator for Fifty years. Schools are operated by North Country Supervisory Union. The town has 2 departments providing\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Vermont\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13426102\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Area School District Troy Area School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. It covers the boroughs of Troy, Burlington, Sylvania and Alba and Wells Township, South Creek Township, Columbia Township, Springfield Township, Armenia Township, Troy Township, West Burlington Township, Burlington Township and Granville Township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. Troy Area School District encompasses approximately . According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 10,410. In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $15,806 while the median family income was $39,780. In the Commonwealth, the median family income\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Area School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13426154\",\n \"text\": \"ES Cross Country Track Track and Field Soccer Boys and Girls Cheerleading Baseball Softball The district also pays teachers to run an extensive intramural program for the elementary students Troy Area School District Troy Area School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. It covers the boroughs of Troy, Burlington, Sylvania and Alba and Wells Township, South Creek Township, Columbia Township, Springfield Township, Armenia Township, Troy Township, West Burlington Township, Burlington Township and Granville Township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania. Troy Area School District encompasses approximately . According to 2000 federal census data, it serves\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Area School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11832669\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Municipal Airport Troy Municipal Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located four nautical miles (4.6 mi, 7.4 km) northwest of the central business district of Troy, a city in Pike County, Alabama, United States. It is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \\\"general aviation\\\" facility. Activated on 11 January 1942 as Troy Auxiliary Airfield, a satellite airfield for the United States Army Air Forces Maxwell Field near Montgomery. Known as Maxwell AAF Aux No. 4 - Troy (aka Troy No. 5) Also conducted basic flying training throughout the\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Municipal Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11526321\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Airport Troy Airport is a public airport located one mile (2 km) northwest of the central business district of Troy, a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. It is owned by the United States Forest Service and is situated between U.S. Highway 2 and the Kootenai River in the Kootenai National Forest. Troy Airport covers an area of which contains one runway designated 14/32 with a 3,570 by 30 ft (1,088 by 9 m) asphalt surface. For the 12-month period ending August 25, 2005, the airport had 700 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 58 per month.\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11526320\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Airport Troy Airport is a public airport located one mile (2 km) northwest of the central business district of Troy, a city in Lincoln County, Montana, United States. It is owned by the United States Forest Service and is situated between U.S. Highway 2 and the Kootenai River in the Kootenai National Forest. Troy Airport covers an area of which contains one runway designated 14/32 with a 3,570 by 30 ft (1,088 by 9 m) asphalt surface. For the 12-month period ending August 25, 2005, the airport had 700 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 58 per month.\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1051453\",\n \"text\": \"poverty line, including 5.8% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over. Troy Grove, Illinois Troy Grove is a village in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. The population was 305 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Ottawa–Streator Micropolitan Statistical Area. Troy Grove is notable as the birthplace of Wild Bill Hickok and Kate Austin. It is home to the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial. Silica sand, a fine white sand used in making glass, is mined in the vicinity of Troy Grove. A post office called Troy Grove has been in\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Grove, Illinois\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1051449\",\n \"text\": \"Troy Grove, Illinois Troy Grove is a village in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. The population was 305 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Ottawa–Streator Micropolitan Statistical Area. Troy Grove is notable as the birthplace of Wild Bill Hickok and Kate Austin. It is home to the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial. Silica sand, a fine white sand used in making glass, is mined in the vicinity of Troy Grove. A post office called Troy Grove has been in operation since 1837. The community took its name from a nearby grove, which was named for an early settler.\",\n \"title\": \"Troy Grove, Illinois\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1047333\",\n \"text\": \"State University in Pullman, and Lewis–Clark State College in Lewiston. The defunct Tamarack Ski Area was northwest of Troy on East Moscow Mountain, near the top of Tamarack Road. Founded in 1966, the ski hill operated intermittently due to varying conditions, and seldom after 1980. The primary lift, a T-bar, was removed in 1992 and its A-frame base lodge (elevation ) was later razed. Troy, Idaho Troy is a city in Latah County, Idaho, United States. Located in the eastern part of the Palouse region, its population was 862 at the 2010 census. Troy is located at (46.738571, -116.770785)., east\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Idaho\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1899147\",\n \"text\": \"East Troy, Wisconsin East Troy is a village in Walworth County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 4,281 at the 2010 census. The village is located southeast of the Town of East Troy. A small portion extends into the adjacent Town of Troy. East Troy is located at (42.7868, -88.4036). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 4,281 people, 1,737 households, and 1,125 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were\",\n \"title\": \"East Troy, Wisconsin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1142758\",\n \"text\": \"of Troy also has two 2015 NH licensed child care facilities with a capacity for up to 75 children. Troy, New Hampshire Troy is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,145 at the 2010 census. It is situated at the base of Mount Monadnock. The town center village, where 1,221 people resided at the 2010 census, is defined as the Troy census-designated place (CDP), and is located along New Hampshire Route 12. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Troy Village Historic District. Settled in 1762, by 1815 the community\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, New Hampshire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"998813\",\n \"text\": \"River on the east. After Pike County's borders were resized, the land that would later become Troy was settled in the early 1830's. Originally known as Deer Stand Hill (an Indian hunting ground) which was first settled about 1824, it was later known as Zebulon and then Centreville before being renamed Troy in 1838. Troy became the county seat that same year after having a new county courthouse being built in the city, replacing the previous county seat town of Monticello. The court met in local stores until the courthouse was built in 1839. In 1880, this structure was torn\",\n \"title\": \"Troy, Alabama\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["madison county"],"string":"[\n \"madison county\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1789,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what position does mitt romney hold?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2508116","text":"presidential campaign. In 2012, \"Time\" magazine included Romney in their List of The 100 Most Influential People in the World. Mitt Romney Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American politician and businessman who is the United States Senator-elect from Utah. He previously served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election. Raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan by his parents, George and Lenore Romney, he spent two-and-a-half years in France as a Mormon missionary starting in 1966. He married Ann","title":"Mitt Romney"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508116\",\n \"text\": \"presidential campaign. In 2012, \\\"Time\\\" magazine included Romney in their List of The 100 Most Influential People in the World. Mitt Romney Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American politician and businessman who is the United States Senator-elect from Utah. He previously served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election. Raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan by his parents, George and Lenore Romney, he spent two-and-a-half years in France as a Mormon missionary starting in 1966. He married Ann\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2507989","text":"Chihuahua, Mexico. Of primarily English descent, he also has Scottish and German ancestry. A fifth-generation member of the LDS Church, he is a great-grandson of Miles Park Romney and a great-great-grandson of Miles Romney, who converted to the faith in its first decade. Another great-great-grandfather, Parley P. Pratt, helped lead the early church. Romney has three older siblings, Margo, Jane, and Scott. Mitt was the youngest by nearly six years. His parents named him after a family friend, businessman J. Willard Marriott, and his father's cousin, Milton \"Mitt\" Romney, a former quarterback for the Chicago Bears. Romney was referred to","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"16754407","text":"Business career of Mitt Romney The business career of Mitt Romney began shortly after he finished graduate school in 1975. At that time, Romney entered the management consulting industry, and in 1977 secured a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as its chief executive officer, he helped bring the company out of financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded and led the spin-off Bain Capital, a private equity investment firm that became highly profitable and one of the largest such firms in the nation. The fortune he earned from his business career is estimated at $190–250 million. After he received","title":"Business career of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"15517586","text":"for welfare recipients. Multiple news outlets and fact checking agencies rated the Romney ad false, Politifact assigning it the rating of \"pants on fire.\" FactCheck.org stated: \"A Mitt Romney TV ad claims the Obama administration has adopted 'a plan to gut welfare reform by dropping work requirements.' The plan does neither of those things.\" Factcheck.org elaborated that the waivers will not \"inherently\" gut the work requirements, because a lot will depend upon what kind of waivers states propose; moreover, \"the way the administration implemented the new policy has not helped\", because of questions about whether Congress ever granted to the","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"2508029","text":"to run for something again unless I can win.\" When his father died in 1995, Mitt donated his inheritance to BYU's George W. Romney Institute of Public Management. He also became vice-chair of the Board of the Points of Light Foundation, which had embraced his father's National Volunteer Center. Romney felt restless as the decade neared a close; the goal of simply making more money held little attraction for him. Although no longer in a local leadership position in his church, he still taught Sunday School. During the long and controversial approval and construction process for the $30 million Mormon","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9473243","text":"While he does not support gay marriage, Mitt Romney believes domestic partnership status should be recognized in a way that includes the potential for health benefits and rights of survivorship.\" Romney strongly opposed same-sex marriage during his governorship. He emphasized his desire to \"protect the institution of marriage\" while denouncing discrimination against gays and lesbians. \"Like me, the great majority of Americans wish both to preserve the traditional definition of marriage and to oppose bias and intolerance directed towards gays and lesbians,\" Romney said in 2004. On June 2, 2006, Romney sent a letter to each member of the U.S.","title":"Governorship of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"19289966","text":"of the Readiness Project entitled \"Romney Readiness Project 2012: Retrospectives and Lessons Learned\". In the foreword, Romney wrote, \"My campaign was not successful but our Readiness Project team was.\" Planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney The planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney, better known as the Romney Readiness Project, refers to the planned transfer of power from President Barack Obama to Mitt Romney, the Republican Party's candidate for president in the 2012 presidential election. Because Barack Obama was reelected as President, the transition did not take place. The transition plan was the first to occur under the terms of the","title":"Planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"16246507","text":"bloggers such as Jim Treacher drew a comparison between the Seamus incident and Barack Obama sampling dog meat as a child in Indonesia, where it is a local delicacy, as mentioned in Obama's autobiography. While an Obama spokesman called it an attack on a small child, Obama himself has displayed a sense of humor about it. At the 2012 White House Correspondent's Association dinner, Obama poked fun at Romney releasing an \"advertisement\" depicting Romney and Seamus. Mitt Romney dog incident During a 1983 family vacation, Mitt Romney drove 12 hours with his dog on top of the car in a","title":"Mitt Romney dog incident"},{"psg_id":"16246501","text":"unnecessarily cruel or inhuman manner.\" Ann Romney, Mitt Romney's wife, has stated that the news media exaggerated the severity of the incident, and compared traveling in the roof-top dog carrier to riding a motorcycle or riding in the bed of a pickup truck. During an April 2012 interview with ABC News, Diane Sawyer asked Mitt Romney about the Seamus story and if he would ever do it again. Romney replied, \"Certainly not with the attention it's received\", after which Sawyer stated, \"You said it was the most wounding thing in the campaign so far\", although it's ambiguous whether Romney agreed","title":"Mitt Romney dog incident"},{"psg_id":"16246498","text":"Mitt Romney dog incident During a 1983 family vacation, Mitt Romney drove 12 hours with his dog on top of the car in a windshield-equipped carrier. This incident became the subject of negative media attention and political attacks on Romney in both the 2008 and the 2012 presidential elections. In June 1983, the Romney family left their Belmont, Massachusetts home on their way to Romney's parents' cottage in Beach O'Pines, Ontario for an annual vacation along the shore of Lake Huron. Seamus rode in a carrier on the roof of the family's Chevrolet Caprice station wagon for the 12 hour","title":"Mitt Romney dog incident"},{"psg_id":"2507988","text":"be elected governor and U.S. senator from two different states (the others being Sam Houston for Tennessee and Texas, and William Bibb for Georgia and Alabama), and the first such person for 157 years. Romney is scheduled to take office on January 3, 2019. Willard Mitt Romney was born on March 12, 1947, at Harper University Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, one of four children born to automobile executive George W. Romney (1907–1995) and homemaker Lenore Romney (née LaFount; 1908–1998). His mother was a native of Logan, Utah, and his father was born to American parents in a Mormon colony in","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"16246505","text":"at the time. But politics is a heartless business.\" Journalist Ruth Marcus of \"The Washington Post\" defended Mitt Romney's treatment of Seamus, stating, \"Doesn't the fact that Romney chose to bring the dog on the family vacation, rather than dump him in a kennel back home, suggest that he's a dog lover, not a hater?\" Neil Swidey, \"The Boston Globe\" journalist who wrote the initial article about Romney's 1983 road trip, stated, \"[Seamus] always struck me as a valuable window into how Romney operates. In everything the guy does, he functions on logic, not emotion.\" A Public Policy Polling (PPP)","title":"Mitt Romney dog incident"},{"psg_id":"15517541","text":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign The Mitt Romney presidential campaign of 2012 officially began on June 2, 2011, when former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney formally announced his candidacy for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States, at an event in Stratham, New Hampshire. Having previously run in the 2008 Republican primaries, this was Romney's second campaign for the presidency. He filed his organization with the Federal Elections Commission as an exploratory committee and announced the organization in a video message on April 11, 2011. He became the party's presumptive nominee with his victory in the Texas primary","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"9473263","text":"protect a woman's right to choose under the laws of the country and the commonwealth. That's the same position I've had for many years.\" Also, during the 2002 governor's race, Romney's platform stated, \"As Governor, Mitt Romney would protect the current pro-choice status quo in Massachusetts. No law would change. The choice to have an abortion is a deeply personal one. Women should be free to choose based on their own beliefs, not the government's.\" Romney promised to \"preserve and protect a woman's right to choose\" and declared \"I will not change any provisions in Massachusetts' pro-choice laws\". By July","title":"Governorship of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"19289960","text":"Planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney The planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney, better known as the Romney Readiness Project, refers to the planned transfer of power from President Barack Obama to Mitt Romney, the Republican Party's candidate for president in the 2012 presidential election. Because Barack Obama was reelected as President, the transition did not take place. The transition plan was the first to occur under the terms of the 2010 Pre-election Presidential Transition Act. The Edward \"Ted\" Kaufman and Michael Leavitt Presidential Transitions Improvements Act of 2015 was named in Leavitt's honor and also in honor of the","title":"Planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508035","text":"effort, appearing in photographs, in news stories, on collectible Olympics pins depicting Romney wrapped by an American flag, and on buttons carrying phrases like \"Hey, Mitt, we love you!\" Robert H. Garff, the chair of the organizing committee, later said \"It was obvious that he had an agenda larger than just the Olympics,\" and that Romney wanted to use the Olympics to propel himself into the national spotlight and a political career. Garff believed the initial budget situation was not as bad as Romney portrayed, given there were still three years to reorganize. Utah Senator Bob Bennett said that much","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508101","text":"their grandchildren, who by 2013 numbered 22. They then sold the condominium in Belmont and decided to make their main residence in Utah, including switching voter registration. The 2014 documentary film \"Mitt\" showed a behind-the-scenes, family-based perspective on both of Romney's presidential campaigns and received positive notices for humanizing the candidate and illustrating the toll that campaigning takes. Romney himself thought he might be branded a \"loser for life\" and fade into an obscurity like Michael Dukakis (a similar figure with no obvious base of political support who had lost what his party considered a winnable presidential election) but, to","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2507998","text":"1970 newspaper profile of children of cabinet members, Mitt said that U.S. involvement in the war had been misguided – \"If it wasn't a political blunder to move into Vietnam, I don't know what is\" – but supported Nixon's ongoing Cambodian Incursion as a sincere attempt to bring the war to a conclusion. During the U.S. military draft for the Vietnam War, Romney sought and received two 2-S student deferments, then a 4-D ministerial deferment while living in France as a missionary. He later sought and received two additional student deferments. When those ran out, the result of the December","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"11283805","text":"June 2011 Pew Research poll, found that one out of every four American voters said they would be less likely to vote for a candidate if he or she were Mormon. When asked about his faith's view on gay rights in a June 2011 interview with CNN's Piers Morgan, Romney stated: Rick Santorum was asked if Jon Huntsman and Mitt Romney will have problems in the race as Mormons. Santorum answered, \"I hope not.\" He continued, \"I hope that people will look at the qualities of candidates and look at what they believe and what they're for and look their","title":"Public image of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9504695","text":"enterprise, from leading a state, from actually being in the arena, not just talking about it. Overall, Romney struck an optimistic tone for his candidacy and for the future of the country. His wife Ann Romney also spoke at the announcement event. Romney on March 3, 2007, won the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) Straw Poll. He received 21% of the vote. Rudy Giuliani received 17%, Senator Sam Brownback received 15%, and Senator John McCain received 12%. 1,705 attendees voted. Romney held numerous \"Ask Mitt Anything\" sessions in his 2008 campaign. The first \"Ask Mitt Anything\" session was held on","title":"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"16754408","text":"a joint Juris Doctor and Master of Business Administration from Harvard University in 1975, Mitt Romney was recruited by several firms and chose to remain in Massachusetts to work for Boston Consulting Group (BCG), reasoning that working as a management consultant to a variety of companies would better prepare him for a future position as a chief executive. He was part of a 1970s wave of top graduates who chose to go into consulting rather than join a major company directly. Romney had his pick of jobs at the nation’s biggest and most prestigious consulting firms, and at that time","title":"Business career of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870535","text":"states could manage Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program funds and in January 2012 Romney called for increased state funding for child care so that the mothers of two-year-old children can \"have the dignity of work\". However, in August 2012, he stated his opposition to Obama's plan to offer more flexibility to those states that move more people from welfare to work. Political positions of Mitt Romney The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870355","text":"Political positions of Mitt Romney The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \"\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign. Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged. In 1994, during his campaign for US Senate in Massachusetts, \"Romney has cast himself as a moderate Republican, socially liberal and fiscally conservative\" and \"The New York Times\" likened his views to those of Governor William F. Weld. During his gubernatorial campaign","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9504700","text":"Mitt Mobile has been a large success in attracting attention, and was even featured on Fox News' On the Record with Greta Van Susteren. Susteren interviewed Matt, Josh, and Craig Romney and toured and drove the Mitt Mobile. On August 11, 2007, Romney won the Ames Straw Poll. He received 31.5% of the vote at the Straw Poll. Mike Huckabee came in second and received 18%, a larger margin than that of George W. Bush and Steve Forbes in the 2000 election, which had a margin of 10%. However, by December 7, 2007, Romney had slipped behind Mike Huckabee in","title":"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"9504696","text":"April 3, 2007, in Derry, New Hampshire, and his second the following day in Urbandale, Iowa. The sessions were open forums that allow opportunities for locals to ask Romney questions pertaining to his views and policies. One of the first \"Ask Mitt Anything\" events in New Hampshire was held at Saint Anselm College as seen in the adjacent image. Sessions were held in almost every state Romney visited, including locations such as town halls, restaurants, universities, hotels, and music halls. In preparation for the Ames Straw Poll, Romney held a three-day, 14-city \"Ask Mitt Anything\" Iowa tour leading up to","title":"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"16754451","text":"Bain Capital holdings. In 2010, he and his wife gave $3 million to charity, including $1.5 million to the church. The Romney family's Tyler Charitable Foundation gave out about $650,000 in that year, some of which went to organizations that fight diseases such as cystic fibrosis and multiple sclerosis. In addition, the Romneys have often donated to LDS Church-owned BYU. For the years 1990–2009, the Romneys' total charitable donations as portions of their income averaged 13.5 percent. Business career of Mitt Romney The business career of Mitt Romney began shortly after he finished graduate school in 1975. At that time,","title":"Business career of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2507990","text":"as \"Billy\" until kindergarten, when he expressed a preference for \"Mitt\". In 1953, the family moved from Detroit to the affluent suburb of Bloomfield Hills and his father became the chairman and CEO of American Motors the following year and helped the company avoid bankruptcy and return to profitability. By 1959, his father had become a nationally known figure in print and on television, and Mitt idolized him. Romney attended public elementary schools until the seventh grade, when he enrolled as one of only a few Mormon students at Cranbrook School, a private upscale boys' preparatory school a few miles","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"16246499","text":"trip. Romney had built a windshield for the carrier to make the ride more comfortable for the dog. During the trip, Seamus got diarrhea. Romney stopped at a gas station to wash the dog, the carrier and the car. With Seamus back in the carrier, the family continued on their way. Seamus ( ), an Irish Setter, was an active, outgoing dog, and was the Romney family's first pet dog. It is generally reported that, a few years after his ride to Canada, Seamus was given to Mitt Romney's sister, Jane Romney Robinson of California, who said, \"He kept ending","title":"Mitt Romney dog incident"},{"psg_id":"15517553","text":"votes than Romney and was declared the winner. Former Iowa Republican Chairman Richard Schwarm stated, \"I think people realize it's a tie.\" The day final results were announced, \"Governor Romney called Senator Santorum to congratulate him on the Iowa results,\" said Romney spokeswoman Andrea Saul. Mitt Romney's The weekend ahead of the New Hampshire primary on January 10, Romney participated in two debates, which Reuters said Romney \"weathered well.\" Newt Gingrich attacked Romney with allegations that he had destroyed companies and fired workers while working for Bain Capital. Romney won the New Hampshire primary with 39.3 percent of the vote.","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"16989445","text":"four back-and-forth verses, President Abraham Lincoln (portrayed by Peter Shukoff) interrupts the two and begins rapping against both Obama and Romney. As of February 2018, the video has received over 137 million views on YouTube. The video was one of the most popular viral videos of 2012 and was discussed in a \"New York Times\" article. The video was nominated for \"Video of the Year\" at the 2013 YouTube Music Awards. In July 2013, the song was certified Gold by the RIAA, making ERB the first YouTube channel to do so. Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney \"Barack Obama vs. Mitt","title":"Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"15517620","text":"In contrast, the Obama campaign repeatedly and exhaustively polled and directed the actual expressed day-to-day shifting opinions of the electorate through such technological mediums as Reddit, Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. \"Romney's senior strategist, Stuart Stevens, may well be remembered by historians . . . as the last guy to run a presidential campaign who never tweeted\" to get out the vote and to elicit real-time electorate feelings from all ethnic groups, all gender persuasions, and from rich and poor. Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign The Mitt Romney presidential campaign of 2012 officially began on June 2, 2011, when former Massachusetts","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"15517578","text":"a July 17 speech. Regarding government infrastructure and support, Romney stated: The Romney campaign followed with events with small business owners in multiple states (Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Virginia, Ohio, Iowa, Missouri, North Carolina, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Mexico and Nevada), along with an attack ad. A new part of the Romney campaign website was created and merchandise related to the statement was produced. The 2012 Republican National Convention was held from August 27–30. It featured notable appearances by Ann Romney, Chris Christie, Paul Ryan, Clint Eastwood, and Mitt Romney. While Romney's overall polling gains from the GOP convention were modest, the","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"9504699","text":"make. The RV, a Winnebago made in Iowa, had a large map of Iowa on the back and a Romney family portrait on the side with the label \"Mitt Mobile\", \"A Five Brothers Bus\". The Mitt Mobile was planned to visit all of Iowa's ninety-nine counties. Each county was checked off on the large map on the back of the RV once it was visited. On August 11, 2007, the Mitt Mobile visited Iowa's ninety-ninth county at the Ames Straw Poll. The Mitt Mobile is planned to also tour Florida, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and other key primary states. The","title":"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"9870485","text":"the Republican nominee, Mitt Romney supported the inclusion of gay youth in the Boy Scouts of America. In 2014, Romney opposed an Arizona bill, SB 1062, which would have allowed businesses to refuse service to LGBT customers based on religious objections. \"The 2012 Republican presidential candidate urged Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer via Twitter to veto Senate Bill 1062, which would allow businesses with strongly held religious beliefs to deny service to gays and lesbians.\" Romney joined both Arizona Senators, John McCain and Jeff Flake, in calling on then-Governor Jan Brewer to veto the bill. Romney has stated his support for","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"15517559","text":"results are allocated proportionately among the candidates by voting district. Romney won the Michigan primary narrowly, and won the Arizona primary by a wide margin. The state of Washington held their caucuses on Saturday, March 3, with Mitt Romney gaining momentum going into 'Super Tuesday'. Later, Washington held their state GOP convention June 2, 2012 giving Romney at least 34 delegates for the Republican National Convention. The largest number of states in the Republican Primary race voted on March 6, 2012, with Romney winning six states (Alaska, Idaho, Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont, Virginia); Santorum winning three states (North Dakota, Oklahoma, Tennessee);","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"17833734","text":"Mitt (film) Mitt is a 2014 American documentary film that chronicles the 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns of former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney. \"Mitt\" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014. The film was released on Netflix on January 24, 2014. Director Greg Whiteley is an admirer of Mitt Romney's father George. He was further interested in filming Romney when he heard that Romney had attended a screening of his film \"New York Doll\" and was planning to run for president. Whiteley then approached Tagg Romney about making a documentary about his father's presidential bid. Mitt Romney","title":"Mitt (film)"},{"psg_id":"9504698","text":"right in\" and loved the ride. On July 4, 2007, the Romney campaign officially launched the \"Mitt Mobile, A Five Brothers Bus\", referring to Romney's five sons and his official campaign blog, Five Brothers. When asked why his sons were not fighting in Iraq, Romney replied that his sons were supporting America by riding from town to town in the \"Five Brothers Bus,\" saying \"One of the ways my sons are showing support for our nation is helping me get elected.\" Romney later apologized and said he misspoke and that there is no comparison to the sacrifice that military persons","title":"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"15517592","text":"memes ever and described its notoriety as a \"foray into the internet's lexicon\" for Mitt Romney, and as \"immortality\". Due to pressure from political rivals during the Republican primary campaign, Romney released an incomplete 2010 tax return in early January 2012, along with an estimate of the 2011 return. During the presidential campaign, he declined to disclose additional returns citing the matter as a distraction from more important issues, despite calls to do so by Democrats and several notable Republicans. Republicans who have urged Romney to release his tax returns include former Mississippi governor Haley Barbour, Michael Steele and Bill","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"15517563","text":"28, 2012, delegates at the Republican National Convention chose Mitt Romney as their presidential nominee against President Barack Obama. This formal nomination sets up a two-month final race to the elections on November 6. The general election campaign began in earnest on Labor Day, September 3, 2012. Romney's record at Bain Capital and Bain's investments were a prominent issue, with Romney arguing his tenure at Bain demonstrated management and leadership skills that created thousands of jobs. Political opponents have argued that under Romney, some investments at Bain increased investor profits at the expense of middle-class workers who were laid off.","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"11283802","text":"serve only the common cause of the people of the United States.\" Mitt Romney was the third U.S. presidential candidate of the Mormon faith to have a high likelihood of achieving a major political party's nomination. The first of these three was Romney's own father, George W. Romney, a progressive on Civil Rights who reorganized the American Motors Corporation. George Romney, while Governor of Michigan, ran for president in 1968 as a popular alternative to Richard M. Nixon for the Republican nomination. The second was Mo Udall, the liberal Arizona congressman. He gained considerable support throughout the 1976 primary race","title":"Public image of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508111","text":"Twitter. On November 19, Romney met with the President-elect at the Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey, reportedly to discuss the position of Secretary of State, a position which ultimately went to Rex Tillerson. In February 2017, Romney stated that Trump is \"off to a very strong start\" in fulfilling his campaign promises, although he has \"no regrets\" about his anti-Trump speech. A year later, Trump gave his endorsement for Romney's 2018 senate campaign. Romney was treated for prostate cancer in summer 2017. In September and October 2017 press reports said that should U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch retire,","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508030","text":"temple in Belmont, he feared that, as a political figure who had opposed Kennedy, he would become a focal point for opposition to the structure. He thus kept to a limited, behind-the-scenes role in attempts to ease tensions between the church and local residents. In 1998, Ann Romney learned that she had multiple sclerosis; Mitt described watching her fail a series of neurological tests as the worst day of his life. After experiencing two years of severe difficulties with the disease, she found – while living in Park City, Utah, where the couple had built a vacation home – a","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508110","text":"said that it was purchased from Romney for President and that \"we'll let other folks discuss what that may mean and certainly never speak for [Romney]\". A spokeswoman for Romney said that the list had been \"rented by several political candidates in the presidential primary, and by countless other political and commercial users in the time since the 2012 campaign\" and Romney made no public comment on McMullin's candidacy. Romney and his wife cast early ballots in Utah, but he declined to say who he voted for. After Trump won the election, Romney congratulated him via phone call and on","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508054","text":"Federal Marriage Amendment. In 2005, Romney revealed a change of view regarding abortion, moving from the pro-choice positions expressed during his 1994 and 2002 campaigns to a pro-life one in opposition to \"Roe v. Wade\". Romney attributed his conversion to an interaction with Harvard University biologist Douglas Melton, an expert on embryonic stem cell biology, although Melton vehemently disputed Romney's recollection of their conversation. Romney subsequently vetoed a bill on pro-life grounds that expanded access to emergency contraception in hospitals and pharmacies (the legislature overrode the veto). He also amended his position on embryonic stem cell research itself. Romney used","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870461","text":"sustain and support that law, and the right of a woman to make that choice, and my personal beliefs, like the personal beliefs of other people, should not be brought into a political campaign.\" Romney had endorsed the Freedom of Choice Act which would define legal access to abortion as a federal law even if \"Roe\" is overturned. During the 2002 governor's race, Romney's platform stated, \"As Governor, Mitt Romney would protect the current pro-choice status quo in Massachusetts. No law would change.\" He also endorsed the legalization of RU-486 or the \"morning after pill.\" The executive director of Massachusetts","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"16754412","text":"Bain & Company to co-found the spin-off private equity investment firm, Bain Capital. Bain Capital was founded in 1984 by Bain & Company partners Mitt Romney, T. Coleman Andrews III, and Eric Kriss. In addition to the three founding partners, the early team included Geoffrey S. Rehnert and others from Bain & Company. Romney initially had the titles of president and managing general partner (or managing partner). He later was referred to as managing director or CEO as well. He was also the sole shareholder of the firm. At the beginning, the firm had fewer than ten employees. When new","title":"Business career of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"15517590","text":"campaign for the neologism \"santorum\" which aimed to create an alternate definition (or homophone) for \"romney\" that referred to \"defecating in terror\", and also the binders full of women gaffe. Perhaps most popular was the \"Little Face Mitt\" meme, which was created on August 22 by humorist Reuben Glaser. It showed a depiction of Romney with his facial features \"shrunken\" within an ordinary-scale blank outline of his face; the result resembled a \"Dick Tracy\" comic-strip villain. Within its first four days it had garnered the attention of Gawker, UPROXX, CollegeHumor, BuzzFeed, PostSecret, \"Mother Jones\", Funny or Die and MSNBC's Alex","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"15517588","text":"and Gingrich took the opportunity to say Romney flip-flops and was not a true conservative. Each held up an Etch A Sketch toy as a visual aid to their audiences. Ron Paul created a short ad saying \"this is petty when we have $15 trillion in debt, 12 million unemployed, and USA at war.\" Following the incident the Ohio Art Company saw a 30% increase in sales of Etch A Sketches. Mitt Romney explained the words of his advisor by saying, \"A general election campaign takes on a different profile. The issues I'm running on will be exactly the same.","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"15517577","text":"You Get, The Worse It Sounds.\" The following Monday, July 16, Mitt Romney spoke about the \"you didn't build that\" statement in a campaign stump speech in Pennsylvania, saying: The Obama campaign, Factcheck.org, and Politifact disagreed with that characterization, noting that the sentence immediately preceding the \"you didn't build it\" line referred to roads and bridges and the speech concluded with Obama applauding the hard work of individuals in the creation of their own businesses. Politifact rated Romney's attack as false. In its analysis, Factcheck.org said: Factcheck.org concluded their analysis by acknowledging that Romney provided a more complete account in","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"15517551","text":"Tiger Management, Louis Moore Bacon of Moore Capital Management, John Paulson of Paulson & Co., Steven Allen Schwarzman, of The Blackstone Group and Paul Singer of Elliott Management Corporation. Romney's foreign policy special advisors were drawn largely from the previous Republican administration. Of the 24 foreign policy advisors, 17 served in the Bush-Cheney administration. Economic policy: Justice advisory: Labor policy: Veterans policy: Trade policy: Law enforcement: Urban policy: Health care policy: Mitt Romney was one of many competing for the role of Republican nominee for president. Romney won the 2012 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) Straw Poll in February with","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"15517546","text":"him to change his mind, telling Romney that they believed he could fix the economy. Before a slower start to the presidential campaign by all contenders than four years previous, on April 11, 2011, Mitt Romney announced by means of a video recorded that day at an athletics field at the University of New Hampshire that he had formed an exploratory committee as a first step for a potential run for a Republican presidential campaign, saying, \"It is time that we put America back on a course of greatness, with a growing economy, good jobs and fiscal discipline in Washington.\"","title":"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"2508014","text":"persuaded creditors, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, to accept less than full payment. Within about a year, he had led Bain & Company to a return to profitability. He turned Bain & Company over to new leadership and returned to Bain Capital in December 1992. Romney took a leave of absence from Bain Capital from November 1993 to November 1994 to run for the U.S. Senate. During that time, Ampad workers went on strike and asked Romney to intervene. Against the advice of Bain Capital lawyers, Romney met the strikers, but told them he had no position of active","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870468","text":"endorsed a handful of publicly pro-choice candidates. He endorsed pro-choice Republican, Scott Brown, during his 2014 US Senate primary campaign in New Hampshire. He similarly endorsed Rhode Island's pro-choice Republican gubernatorial candidate, Allan Fung. Washington's 2014 Republican Senate candidate Monica Wehby, who is pro-choice, also received Mitt Romney's endorsement. Romney has expressed support for constitutional amendments at both the state and federal level guaranteeing constitutional protections to the unborn from the moment of fertilization. During the 2008 presidential campaign, Romney said that if elected president, he would support an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would legally define personhood as","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"15298276","text":"Longhorns to a record of 11–7. Romney was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He is the cousin of George W. Romney, father of former Massachusetts Governor and 2012 Republican Presidential Candidate Mitt Romney. Mitt Romney is his namesake and is a first cousin once removed. Romney died in Little Rock, Arkansas on November 10, 1975. Milton Romney Milton Addas \"Mitt\" Romney (June 20, 1899 – November 10, 1975) was an American football player who played in the offensive backfield for the Racine Legion from 1923 to 1924 and was a quarterback for the Chicago Bears from 1925 to 1928.","title":"Milton Romney"},{"psg_id":"10247534","text":"Ann Romney Ann Lois Romney (née Davies; born April 16, 1949) is the wife of American businessman and politician, Mitt Romney. From 2003 to 2007, Romney was First Lady of Massachusetts, while her husband served as Governor. She was raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and attended the private Kingswood School there, where she dated Mitt Romney. She converted to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in 1966. She attended Brigham Young University (BYU), married Mitt Romney in 1969, and in 1975 received a Bachelor of Arts degree in French. As First Lady of Massachusetts, Romney served","title":"Ann Romney"},{"psg_id":"10758034","text":"to a long coaching career at East High School in Salt Lake City, Utah. 'Mitt' played college football at Utah and Chicago as a quarterback and later coached at Texas and for the Racine Cardinals. From 1925 to 1928, 'Mitt' was a quarterback for the Chicago Bears of the NFL. 'Mitt' Romney is a first cousin to former Governor George Romney of Michigan and his son, Mitt Romney of Massachusetts was named for him. Between 1925 and 1948, Romney organized and operated a summer school for football and basketball coaches that he ran in Logan, Utah. Noteworthy football speakers included","title":"Dick Romney"},{"psg_id":"17833736","text":"and he worries about disappointing his supporters and family if he loses. \"Mitt\" received mainly positive reviews from critics. The film holds a 64/100 on Metacritic, and aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes reports 81% approval. Mitt (film) Mitt is a 2014 American documentary film that chronicles the 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns of former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney. \"Mitt\" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014. The film was released on Netflix on January 24, 2014. Director Greg Whiteley is an admirer of Mitt Romney's father George. He was further interested in filming Romney when he heard that","title":"Mitt (film)"},{"psg_id":"16842101","text":"and William Ryder (born 2012). The family resides in Belmont, Massachusetts. Tagg Romney Taggart Mitt \"Tagg\" Romney (born March 21, 1970) is an American management consultant, businessman, venture capitalist and political advisor. He is the eldest son of businessman and politician Mitt Romney. Taggart Romney is the oldest son of Ann and Mitt Romney, born when both were undergraduates at Brigham Young University in Tagg's birthplace of Provo, Utah. He attended Belmont Hill School, a preparatory academy before he graduated \"magna cum laude\" with a BA in economics from Brigham Young University and earned his MBA from Harvard Business School.","title":"Tagg Romney"},{"psg_id":"16842095","text":"Tagg Romney Taggart Mitt \"Tagg\" Romney (born March 21, 1970) is an American management consultant, businessman, venture capitalist and political advisor. He is the eldest son of businessman and politician Mitt Romney. Taggart Romney is the oldest son of Ann and Mitt Romney, born when both were undergraduates at Brigham Young University in Tagg's birthplace of Provo, Utah. He attended Belmont Hill School, a preparatory academy before he graduated \"magna cum laude\" with a BA in economics from Brigham Young University and earned his MBA from Harvard Business School. He has worked as the head of marketing for the Los","title":"Tagg Romney"},{"psg_id":"9504711","text":"to the possibly-decisive February 5 Super Tuesday contests. 21 states would hold Republican primaries that day. On February 2, Romney won the Maine Republican Caucus with 52% of the votes. On February 4, Mike Huckabee one of Romney's rivals in the primary accused Romney of voter suppression, saying that Romney and his political surrogates should stop telling voters \"a vote for Huckabee is a vote for McCain\", Romney's other chief rival. Huckabee also said Romney was being \"presumptuous and arrogant\" thinking his supporters would vote for Romney if Huckabee left the race. On February 5, Super Tuesday, Romney won in","title":"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"2508016","text":"Games Organizing Committee. Billed in some public statements as keeping a part-time role, Romney remained the firm's sole shareholder, managing director, CEO, and president, signing corporate and legal documents, attending to his interests within the firm, and conducting prolonged negotiations for the terms of his departure. He did not involve himself in day-to-day operations of the firm or in the investment decisions of Bain Capital's new private equity funds. He retained his position on several boards of directors during this time and regularly returned to Massachusetts to attend meetings. In August 2001, Romney announced that he would not return to","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2507984","text":"Romney earned a Bachelor of Arts in English from Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1971 and a joint JD–MBA from Harvard University in 1975. Romney became a management consultant and in 1977 secured a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as Bain's chief executive officer (CEO), he helped lead the company out of a financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded and led the spin-off company Bain Capital, a highly profitable private equity investment firm that became one of the largest of its kind in the nation. Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) throughout","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870393","text":"states and localities are in the best position to get aid to the individuals and communities affected by natural disasters.\" Romney says a major contributor to America's faltering economy has been what he views as excessive regulation. He has promised to repeal the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Act implemented Wall Street reform with goals that included \"improving accountability and transparency in the financial system\" and protecting consumers. Romney criticized the Act as being \"overwhelming\" in length, but he said that one provision, distinguishing between home mortgages and high-risk securities in terms of the capital requirements,","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"19367605","text":"\"failed twice\". Following the speech, Trump immediately responded with what \"Politico\" described as \"withering scorn,\" dismissing Romney as a \"choke artist.\" At a campaign rally in Portland, Maine, Trump told supporters, in reference to the 2012 presidential election, \"I backed Mitt Romney. He was begging for my endorsement. I could have said 'Mitt, drop to your knees.' He would have dropped to his knees.\" In messages posted to his Twitter account, Trump went on to describe Romney as a \"failed candidate\" who was \"working with the establishment\". Trump continued to mock Romney's speech in late May, saying: \"He walks like","title":"Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech"},{"psg_id":"2508090","text":"I had been able to fulfill your hopes to lead this country in a different direction, but the nation chose another leader.\" Reflecting on his defeat during a conference call to hundreds of fundraisers and donors a week after the election, Romney attributed the outcome to Obama's having secured the votes of specific interest groups, including African Americans, Hispanic Americans, young people, and women, by offering them what Romney called \"extraordinary financial gifts.\" The remark drew heavy criticism from prominent members of the Republican party. In addition to calling for cuts in federal government spending to help reduce the national","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508080","text":"his claim that he created 100,000 jobs during that time. Many conservatives rallied in defense of Romney, rejecting what they inferred as criticism of free-market capitalism. During two debates in the state, Romney fumbled questions about releasing his income tax returns, while Gingrich gained support with audience-rousing attacks on the debate moderators. Romney's double-digit lead in state polls evaporated; he lost to Gingrich by 13 points in the January 21 primary. Combined with the delayed loss in Iowa, Romney's admitted poor week represented a lost chance to end the race early, and he quickly decided to release two years of","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"16246504","text":"Romney story today, what is most striking is its forgettability, how indistinguishable it seems in retrospect from the idiots' parade of meaningless stories that came to define the [2008] campaign.\" Journalists Mike Allen and Evan Thomas assert that Romney did nothing unusual: \"Overlooked in the clucking over the incident is the fact that the dog was in a crate, probably little different from the dog kennels used to transport animals in the cold-storage compartments of airplanes. Romney had erected a barrier to shield the family pet from the wind. Romney, the family man heading to the lake, didn't seem heartless","title":"Mitt Romney dog incident"},{"psg_id":"9473270","text":"of research on unused embryos from fertility treatments. Per this stance, he vetoed a Massachusetts bill to fund stem-cell research because the legislation allowed such cloning of human embryos. \"I am not in favor of creating new human embryos through cloning,\" said Romney, calling the practice \"a matter of profound moral and ethical consequence\". Romney also opposed the legislation because of its assertion that life does not begin until an embryo is implanted in a uterus. \"It is very conceivable that scientific advances will allow an embryo to be grown for a substantial period of time outside the uterus,\" Romney","title":"Governorship of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508085","text":"and was able to paint a negative image of Romney in voters' minds before the Romney campaign could construct a positive one. In July 2012, Romney visited the United Kingdom, Israel, and Poland, meeting leaders in an effort to raise his credibility as a world statesman. Comments Romney made about the readiness of the 2012 Summer Olympics were perceived as undiplomatic by the British press. Israeli Prime Minister (and former BCG colleague) Benjamin Netanyahu, embraced Romney, though some Palestinians criticized him for suggesting that Israel's culture led to their greater economic success. On August 11, 2012, the Romney campaign announced","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9504721","text":"2006, the Boston Globe reported that Mitt Romney's son, Josh Romney, and a member of Romney's political action committee in his Salt Lake City office September 19, 2007, did meet with Jeffrey R. Holland, an apostle in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, to discuss Romney's campaign. According to the Church, the meeting was a courtesy call and that Jeffrey R. Holland reminded the Romneys of the Church's longstanding policy of political neutrality. Romney's campaign speeches sometimes contained a standard response to the religion issue as a whole: \"I believe in God. I believe in the family. I","title":"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"16754435","text":"I can win.\" When his father died in 1995, Mitt donated his inheritance to BYU's George W. Romney Institute of Public Management. He also joined the board, as vice-chair, of the Points of Light Foundation, which had incorporated his father's National Volunteer Center. In 1994, Bain invested in Steel Dynamics, based in Fort Wayne, Indiana, a prosperous steel company that has grown to the fifth largest in the U.S.A, employs about 6,100 people, and produces carbon steel products with 2010 revenues of $6.3 billion on steel shipments of 5.3 million tons. In 1993, Bain acquired the Armco Worldwide Grinding System","title":"Business career of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"16754409","text":"BCG was neither. Its idiosyncratic founder, Bruce Henderson, was regarded as outside the mainstream of corporate consulting, and BCG was routinely disparaged by faculty and students at Harvard Business School. But BCG was a pioneering upstart that fostered camaraderie among its employees, who traveled around the country to advise clients, and that is where Mitt Romney chose to start his career. His legal and business education proved useful in his job while he applied BCG principles such as the growth-share matrix, which is a simple chart to assist large corporations in deciding how to allocate cash among their business units.","title":"Business career of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"11283803","text":"as a rival to Jimmy Carter, who campaigned as a devout evangelical. During the latter part of Udall's campaign, Udall faced criticism from black activists concerning the fact that the church stated as Udall's religious affiliation, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, barred blacks from holding its lay priesthood. (This policy was changed in 1978.) In response to this criticism, Udall withdrew nominal affiliation with the denomination in 1976. Differing from Udall, Mitt Romney is a social conservative. Paralleling Udall's rivalry with the outspokenly evangelical candidate Jimmy Carter, one of Romney's chief rivals in 2007 was also a","title":"Public image of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870445","text":"in the world.\" In response to President Obama's pledge to maintain Israel's \"Qualitative Military Edge\" over the other countries in the region, Romney has said he would do \"the opposite from Obama\". Romney supported an international campaign to hold one minute of silence at the 2012 London Olympics to remember the Israeli athletes killed in the 1972 Munich Massacre at the Olympics by the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September. Concerning the involvement of the American military in the 2011 Libyan civil war, Romney initially said in March that Obama had waited too long before becoming involved, and he also criticized","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9473269","text":"a pro-life Mormon faking it as a pro-choice friendly.\" Murphy later explained that he \"was discussing a characterization the governor's critics use.\" During his 2002 campaign, Romney had expressed broad support for embryonic stem cell research, and said he would lobby President Bush (who the year before had banned most federal funding for such research) to support it. In particular, Romney stated that he supported the use of surplus embryos from fertility clinics for stem-cell research. In early 2005, Romney announced his position on therapeutic cloning for the first time, saying he was against it, but was still in favor","title":"Governorship of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870533","text":"2018, running for Senate in Utah, Romney said \"My view was these DACA kids shouldn't all be allowed to stay in the country legally.\" However, shortly after those comments, also in March 2018, Romney's campaign clarified that \"Since [2012] circumstances have changed. President Obama enacted DACA and Gov. Romney believes the commitment made by President Obama should be honored.\" The Romney campaign also stated that he supports a legal status for DACA recipients, but that he does not support a pathway to citizenship. When he won the Republican nomination for Senate, Romney said American values include \"welcoming immigrants and refugees","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870467","text":"day, his campaign spokeswoman said that \"Gov. Romney would of course support legislation aimed at providing greater protections for life.\" While Romney would prefer to see passage of federal legislation or of a constitutional amendment that would outlaw abortion, he does not believe the public would support such measures; as an alternative, he has promised to nominate Supreme Court justices who would help overturn \"Roe v. Wade\", allowing the states to individually decide on the legality of abortion. Throughout the 2012 presidential campaign, Romney vowed that he would eliminate all federal funding for Planned Parenthood if elected. In 2014, Romney","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870469","text":"beginning at conception. In the 2012 presidential campaign, he said that, had he as governor been presented with a state constitutional amendment to define life as beginning at conception, he would have supported it. In a campaign interview on October 9, 2012, Romney stated, \"There's no legislation with regards to abortion that I'm familiar with that would become part of my agenda.\" Democrats charged that Romney was trying to appeal to moderate voters by hiding his true position on reproductive rights. A Romney campaign spokesperson told the conservative \"National Review Online\" that Romney \"would, of course, support legislation aimed at","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9870401","text":"Romney highlighted his success in providing government subsidizes to ensure medical coverage for all the children of Massachusetts. And in October the Romney campaign questioned the assumptions behind a Commonwealth Fund report that Romney's policies would provide health care insurance for 45 million fewer Americans than Obama's policies. In his 2018 Senate campaign in Utah, Romney stood by his position that the healthcare law he signed in Massachusetts was right at the time. Kennedy had criticized the Massachusetts law, which some conservatives have compared to 'universal healthcare,' but Romney defended it arguing that he believes in state-based plans. While campaigning","title":"Political positions of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"9473199","text":"picked more on managerial abilities rather than on party affiliation. Romney gave them broad authority over new what he called \"super-secretariats\". Romney and Healey both pledged to forgo their official salaries for the length of their terms. During the campaign for the governorship in 2002, Romney proposed a plan that he said would balance the Massachusetts budget without raising taxes. He campaigned that he would be able to save $1 billion (out of a $23 billion budget) by reducing waste, fraud, and mismanagement in the state government, and he railed against the large tax increase that the legislature were negotiating","title":"Governorship of Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"16842100","text":"which caused concern prior to the November elections. A spokesperson for Solamere later commented on the matter, saying, \"Not only does Solamere have no direct or indirect interest in this company Hart InterCivic, Solamere and its partners have no ownership in this company, nor do they have any ownership in nor have made any investments in the fund that invested in the voting machine company.\" In 2012, \"National Journal\" named Romney one of ten Republicans to follow on Twitter. Romney and his wife Jennifer have six children, three via surrogate mothers: Jonathan (born August 2010) and the twins David Mitt","title":"Tagg Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508071","text":"condominium in Belmont during 2010. In February 2010, Romney had a minor altercation with LMFAO member Skyler Gordy, known as Sky Blu, on an airplane flight. Romney released his book, \"\", in March 2010, and undertook an 18-state book tour to promote the work. In the book, Romney writes of his belief in American exceptionalism, and presents his economic and geopolitical views rather than anecdotes about his personal or political life. It debuted atop \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list. Romney donated his earnings from the book to charity. Immediately following the March 2010 passage of the Patient Protection","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508066","text":"Carolina, and by Romney over McCain in childhood-home Michigan, set up a pivotal battle in the Florida primary. Romney campaigned intensively on economic issues and the burgeoning subprime mortgage crisis, while McCain attacked Romney regarding Iraq policy and benefited from endorsements from Florida officeholders. McCain won a 5 percentage point victory on January 29. Although many Republican officials were now lining up behind McCain, Romney persisted through the nationwide Super Tuesday contests on February 5. There he won primaries or caucuses in several states, but McCain won in more and in larger-population ones. Trailing McCain in delegates by a more","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508039","text":"White House – wanted Romney to run for governor and the opportunity appealed to him for reasons including its national visibility. A poll by the \"Boston Herald\" showed Republicans favoring Romney over Swift by more than 50 percentage points. On March 19, 2002, Swift announced she would not seek her party's nomination, and hours later Romney declared his candidacy, for which he would face no opposition in the primary. In June 2002, the Massachusetts Democratic Party challenged Romney's eligibility to run for governor, noting that state law required seven years' consecutive residence and that Romney had filed his state tax","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508025","text":"the senator's reputation had suffered. Romney changed his affiliation to Republican in October 1993 and formally announced his candidacy in February 1994. In addition to his leave from Bain Capital, Romney also stepped down from his church leadership role in 1994. Radio personality Janet Jeghelian took an early lead in polls among candidates for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat, but Romney proved the most effective fundraiser. He won 68 percent of the vote at the May 1994 Massachusetts Republican Party convention; businessman John Lakian finished a distant second, eliminating Jeghelian. Romney defeated Lakian in the September 1994 primary","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508007","text":"that few venture capital investments were approved in the initial two years. The firm's first significant success was a 1986 investment to help start Staples Inc., after founder Thomas G. Stemberg convinced Romney of the market size for office supplies and Romney convinced others; Bain Capital eventually reaped a nearly sevenfold return on its investment, and Romney sat on the Staples board of directors for over a decade. Romney soon switched Bain Capital's focus from startups to the relatively new business of leveraged buyouts: buying existing companies with money mostly borrowed from banking institutions using the newly bought companies' assets","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2508006","text":"until Bain rearranged the terms in a complicated partnership structure so that there was no financial or professional risk to Romney. Bain and Romney raised the $37 million in funds needed to start the new operation, which had seven employees. Romney held the titles of president and managing general partner. Though he was the sole shareholder of the firm, publications also referred to him as managing director or CEO. Initially, Bain Capital focused on venture capital investments. Romney set up a system in which any partner could veto one of these potential opportunities, and he personally saw so many weaknesses","title":"Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"2507996","text":"1968 general strike and student uprisings and the car accident. With Romney rallying the others, the mission met its goal of 200 baptisms for the year, the most in a decade. By the end of his stint in December 1968, he was overseeing the work of 175 others. As a result of his experience there, Romney developed a lifelong affection for France and its people and has also remained fluent in French. At their first meeting following his return, Romney and Ann Davies reconnected and decided to get married. Romney began attending BYU, where she had been studying. The couple","title":"Mitt Romney"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2507989\",\n \"text\": \"Chihuahua, Mexico. Of primarily English descent, he also has Scottish and German ancestry. A fifth-generation member of the LDS Church, he is a great-grandson of Miles Park Romney and a great-great-grandson of Miles Romney, who converted to the faith in its first decade. Another great-great-grandfather, Parley P. Pratt, helped lead the early church. Romney has three older siblings, Margo, Jane, and Scott. Mitt was the youngest by nearly six years. His parents named him after a family friend, businessman J. Willard Marriott, and his father's cousin, Milton \\\"Mitt\\\" Romney, a former quarterback for the Chicago Bears. Romney was referred to\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16754407\",\n \"text\": \"Business career of Mitt Romney The business career of Mitt Romney began shortly after he finished graduate school in 1975. At that time, Romney entered the management consulting industry, and in 1977 secured a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as its chief executive officer, he helped bring the company out of financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded and led the spin-off Bain Capital, a private equity investment firm that became highly profitable and one of the largest such firms in the nation. The fortune he earned from his business career is estimated at $190–250 million. After he received\",\n \"title\": \"Business career of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517586\",\n \"text\": \"for welfare recipients. Multiple news outlets and fact checking agencies rated the Romney ad false, Politifact assigning it the rating of \\\"pants on fire.\\\" FactCheck.org stated: \\\"A Mitt Romney TV ad claims the Obama administration has adopted 'a plan to gut welfare reform by dropping work requirements.' The plan does neither of those things.\\\" Factcheck.org elaborated that the waivers will not \\\"inherently\\\" gut the work requirements, because a lot will depend upon what kind of waivers states propose; moreover, \\\"the way the administration implemented the new policy has not helped\\\", because of questions about whether Congress ever granted to the\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508029\",\n \"text\": \"to run for something again unless I can win.\\\" When his father died in 1995, Mitt donated his inheritance to BYU's George W. Romney Institute of Public Management. He also became vice-chair of the Board of the Points of Light Foundation, which had embraced his father's National Volunteer Center. Romney felt restless as the decade neared a close; the goal of simply making more money held little attraction for him. Although no longer in a local leadership position in his church, he still taught Sunday School. During the long and controversial approval and construction process for the $30 million Mormon\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9473243\",\n \"text\": \"While he does not support gay marriage, Mitt Romney believes domestic partnership status should be recognized in a way that includes the potential for health benefits and rights of survivorship.\\\" Romney strongly opposed same-sex marriage during his governorship. He emphasized his desire to \\\"protect the institution of marriage\\\" while denouncing discrimination against gays and lesbians. \\\"Like me, the great majority of Americans wish both to preserve the traditional definition of marriage and to oppose bias and intolerance directed towards gays and lesbians,\\\" Romney said in 2004. On June 2, 2006, Romney sent a letter to each member of the U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Governorship of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19289966\",\n \"text\": \"of the Readiness Project entitled \\\"Romney Readiness Project 2012: Retrospectives and Lessons Learned\\\". In the foreword, Romney wrote, \\\"My campaign was not successful but our Readiness Project team was.\\\" Planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney The planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney, better known as the Romney Readiness Project, refers to the planned transfer of power from President Barack Obama to Mitt Romney, the Republican Party's candidate for president in the 2012 presidential election. Because Barack Obama was reelected as President, the transition did not take place. The transition plan was the first to occur under the terms of the\",\n \"title\": \"Planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16246507\",\n \"text\": \"bloggers such as Jim Treacher drew a comparison between the Seamus incident and Barack Obama sampling dog meat as a child in Indonesia, where it is a local delicacy, as mentioned in Obama's autobiography. While an Obama spokesman called it an attack on a small child, Obama himself has displayed a sense of humor about it. At the 2012 White House Correspondent's Association dinner, Obama poked fun at Romney releasing an \\\"advertisement\\\" depicting Romney and Seamus. Mitt Romney dog incident During a 1983 family vacation, Mitt Romney drove 12 hours with his dog on top of the car in a\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney dog incident\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16246501\",\n \"text\": \"unnecessarily cruel or inhuman manner.\\\" Ann Romney, Mitt Romney's wife, has stated that the news media exaggerated the severity of the incident, and compared traveling in the roof-top dog carrier to riding a motorcycle or riding in the bed of a pickup truck. During an April 2012 interview with ABC News, Diane Sawyer asked Mitt Romney about the Seamus story and if he would ever do it again. Romney replied, \\\"Certainly not with the attention it's received\\\", after which Sawyer stated, \\\"You said it was the most wounding thing in the campaign so far\\\", although it's ambiguous whether Romney agreed\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney dog incident\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16246498\",\n \"text\": \"Mitt Romney dog incident During a 1983 family vacation, Mitt Romney drove 12 hours with his dog on top of the car in a windshield-equipped carrier. This incident became the subject of negative media attention and political attacks on Romney in both the 2008 and the 2012 presidential elections. In June 1983, the Romney family left their Belmont, Massachusetts home on their way to Romney's parents' cottage in Beach O'Pines, Ontario for an annual vacation along the shore of Lake Huron. Seamus rode in a carrier on the roof of the family's Chevrolet Caprice station wagon for the 12 hour\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney dog incident\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2507988\",\n \"text\": \"be elected governor and U.S. senator from two different states (the others being Sam Houston for Tennessee and Texas, and William Bibb for Georgia and Alabama), and the first such person for 157 years. Romney is scheduled to take office on January 3, 2019. Willard Mitt Romney was born on March 12, 1947, at Harper University Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, one of four children born to automobile executive George W. Romney (1907–1995) and homemaker Lenore Romney (née LaFount; 1908–1998). His mother was a native of Logan, Utah, and his father was born to American parents in a Mormon colony in\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16246505\",\n \"text\": \"at the time. But politics is a heartless business.\\\" Journalist Ruth Marcus of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" defended Mitt Romney's treatment of Seamus, stating, \\\"Doesn't the fact that Romney chose to bring the dog on the family vacation, rather than dump him in a kennel back home, suggest that he's a dog lover, not a hater?\\\" Neil Swidey, \\\"The Boston Globe\\\" journalist who wrote the initial article about Romney's 1983 road trip, stated, \\\"[Seamus] always struck me as a valuable window into how Romney operates. In everything the guy does, he functions on logic, not emotion.\\\" A Public Policy Polling (PPP)\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney dog incident\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517541\",\n \"text\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign The Mitt Romney presidential campaign of 2012 officially began on June 2, 2011, when former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney formally announced his candidacy for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States, at an event in Stratham, New Hampshire. Having previously run in the 2008 Republican primaries, this was Romney's second campaign for the presidency. He filed his organization with the Federal Elections Commission as an exploratory committee and announced the organization in a video message on April 11, 2011. He became the party's presumptive nominee with his victory in the Texas primary\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9473263\",\n \"text\": \"protect a woman's right to choose under the laws of the country and the commonwealth. That's the same position I've had for many years.\\\" Also, during the 2002 governor's race, Romney's platform stated, \\\"As Governor, Mitt Romney would protect the current pro-choice status quo in Massachusetts. No law would change. The choice to have an abortion is a deeply personal one. Women should be free to choose based on their own beliefs, not the government's.\\\" Romney promised to \\\"preserve and protect a woman's right to choose\\\" and declared \\\"I will not change any provisions in Massachusetts' pro-choice laws\\\". By July\",\n \"title\": \"Governorship of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19289960\",\n \"text\": \"Planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney The planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney, better known as the Romney Readiness Project, refers to the planned transfer of power from President Barack Obama to Mitt Romney, the Republican Party's candidate for president in the 2012 presidential election. Because Barack Obama was reelected as President, the transition did not take place. The transition plan was the first to occur under the terms of the 2010 Pre-election Presidential Transition Act. The Edward \\\"Ted\\\" Kaufman and Michael Leavitt Presidential Transitions Improvements Act of 2015 was named in Leavitt's honor and also in honor of the\",\n \"title\": \"Planned presidential transition of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508035\",\n \"text\": \"effort, appearing in photographs, in news stories, on collectible Olympics pins depicting Romney wrapped by an American flag, and on buttons carrying phrases like \\\"Hey, Mitt, we love you!\\\" Robert H. Garff, the chair of the organizing committee, later said \\\"It was obvious that he had an agenda larger than just the Olympics,\\\" and that Romney wanted to use the Olympics to propel himself into the national spotlight and a political career. Garff believed the initial budget situation was not as bad as Romney portrayed, given there were still three years to reorganize. Utah Senator Bob Bennett said that much\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508101\",\n \"text\": \"their grandchildren, who by 2013 numbered 22. They then sold the condominium in Belmont and decided to make their main residence in Utah, including switching voter registration. The 2014 documentary film \\\"Mitt\\\" showed a behind-the-scenes, family-based perspective on both of Romney's presidential campaigns and received positive notices for humanizing the candidate and illustrating the toll that campaigning takes. Romney himself thought he might be branded a \\\"loser for life\\\" and fade into an obscurity like Michael Dukakis (a similar figure with no obvious base of political support who had lost what his party considered a winnable presidential election) but, to\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2507998\",\n \"text\": \"1970 newspaper profile of children of cabinet members, Mitt said that U.S. involvement in the war had been misguided – \\\"If it wasn't a political blunder to move into Vietnam, I don't know what is\\\" – but supported Nixon's ongoing Cambodian Incursion as a sincere attempt to bring the war to a conclusion. During the U.S. military draft for the Vietnam War, Romney sought and received two 2-S student deferments, then a 4-D ministerial deferment while living in France as a missionary. He later sought and received two additional student deferments. When those ran out, the result of the December\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11283805\",\n \"text\": \"June 2011 Pew Research poll, found that one out of every four American voters said they would be less likely to vote for a candidate if he or she were Mormon. When asked about his faith's view on gay rights in a June 2011 interview with CNN's Piers Morgan, Romney stated: Rick Santorum was asked if Jon Huntsman and Mitt Romney will have problems in the race as Mormons. Santorum answered, \\\"I hope not.\\\" He continued, \\\"I hope that people will look at the qualities of candidates and look at what they believe and what they're for and look their\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9504695\",\n \"text\": \"enterprise, from leading a state, from actually being in the arena, not just talking about it. Overall, Romney struck an optimistic tone for his candidacy and for the future of the country. His wife Ann Romney also spoke at the announcement event. Romney on March 3, 2007, won the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) Straw Poll. He received 21% of the vote. Rudy Giuliani received 17%, Senator Sam Brownback received 15%, and Senator John McCain received 12%. 1,705 attendees voted. Romney held numerous \\\"Ask Mitt Anything\\\" sessions in his 2008 campaign. The first \\\"Ask Mitt Anything\\\" session was held on\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16754408\",\n \"text\": \"a joint Juris Doctor and Master of Business Administration from Harvard University in 1975, Mitt Romney was recruited by several firms and chose to remain in Massachusetts to work for Boston Consulting Group (BCG), reasoning that working as a management consultant to a variety of companies would better prepare him for a future position as a chief executive. He was part of a 1970s wave of top graduates who chose to go into consulting rather than join a major company directly. Romney had his pick of jobs at the nation’s biggest and most prestigious consulting firms, and at that time\",\n \"title\": \"Business career of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870535\",\n \"text\": \"states could manage Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program funds and in January 2012 Romney called for increased state funding for child care so that the mothers of two-year-old children can \\\"have the dignity of work\\\". However, in August 2012, he stated his opposition to Obama's plan to offer more flexibility to those states that move more people from welfare to work. Political positions of Mitt Romney The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870355\",\n \"text\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book \\\"\\\", and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign. Some of these political positions have changed, while others have remained unchanged. In 1994, during his campaign for US Senate in Massachusetts, \\\"Romney has cast himself as a moderate Republican, socially liberal and fiscally conservative\\\" and \\\"The New York Times\\\" likened his views to those of Governor William F. Weld. During his gubernatorial campaign\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9504700\",\n \"text\": \"Mitt Mobile has been a large success in attracting attention, and was even featured on Fox News' On the Record with Greta Van Susteren. Susteren interviewed Matt, Josh, and Craig Romney and toured and drove the Mitt Mobile. On August 11, 2007, Romney won the Ames Straw Poll. He received 31.5% of the vote at the Straw Poll. Mike Huckabee came in second and received 18%, a larger margin than that of George W. Bush and Steve Forbes in the 2000 election, which had a margin of 10%. However, by December 7, 2007, Romney had slipped behind Mike Huckabee in\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9504696\",\n \"text\": \"April 3, 2007, in Derry, New Hampshire, and his second the following day in Urbandale, Iowa. The sessions were open forums that allow opportunities for locals to ask Romney questions pertaining to his views and policies. One of the first \\\"Ask Mitt Anything\\\" events in New Hampshire was held at Saint Anselm College as seen in the adjacent image. Sessions were held in almost every state Romney visited, including locations such as town halls, restaurants, universities, hotels, and music halls. In preparation for the Ames Straw Poll, Romney held a three-day, 14-city \\\"Ask Mitt Anything\\\" Iowa tour leading up to\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16754451\",\n \"text\": \"Bain Capital holdings. In 2010, he and his wife gave $3 million to charity, including $1.5 million to the church. The Romney family's Tyler Charitable Foundation gave out about $650,000 in that year, some of which went to organizations that fight diseases such as cystic fibrosis and multiple sclerosis. In addition, the Romneys have often donated to LDS Church-owned BYU. For the years 1990–2009, the Romneys' total charitable donations as portions of their income averaged 13.5 percent. Business career of Mitt Romney The business career of Mitt Romney began shortly after he finished graduate school in 1975. At that time,\",\n \"title\": \"Business career of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2507990\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"Billy\\\" until kindergarten, when he expressed a preference for \\\"Mitt\\\". In 1953, the family moved from Detroit to the affluent suburb of Bloomfield Hills and his father became the chairman and CEO of American Motors the following year and helped the company avoid bankruptcy and return to profitability. By 1959, his father had become a nationally known figure in print and on television, and Mitt idolized him. Romney attended public elementary schools until the seventh grade, when he enrolled as one of only a few Mormon students at Cranbrook School, a private upscale boys' preparatory school a few miles\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16246499\",\n \"text\": \"trip. Romney had built a windshield for the carrier to make the ride more comfortable for the dog. During the trip, Seamus got diarrhea. Romney stopped at a gas station to wash the dog, the carrier and the car. With Seamus back in the carrier, the family continued on their way. Seamus ( ), an Irish Setter, was an active, outgoing dog, and was the Romney family's first pet dog. It is generally reported that, a few years after his ride to Canada, Seamus was given to Mitt Romney's sister, Jane Romney Robinson of California, who said, \\\"He kept ending\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney dog incident\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517553\",\n \"text\": \"votes than Romney and was declared the winner. Former Iowa Republican Chairman Richard Schwarm stated, \\\"I think people realize it's a tie.\\\" The day final results were announced, \\\"Governor Romney called Senator Santorum to congratulate him on the Iowa results,\\\" said Romney spokeswoman Andrea Saul. Mitt Romney's The weekend ahead of the New Hampshire primary on January 10, Romney participated in two debates, which Reuters said Romney \\\"weathered well.\\\" Newt Gingrich attacked Romney with allegations that he had destroyed companies and fired workers while working for Bain Capital. Romney won the New Hampshire primary with 39.3 percent of the vote.\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16989445\",\n \"text\": \"four back-and-forth verses, President Abraham Lincoln (portrayed by Peter Shukoff) interrupts the two and begins rapping against both Obama and Romney. As of February 2018, the video has received over 137 million views on YouTube. The video was one of the most popular viral videos of 2012 and was discussed in a \\\"New York Times\\\" article. The video was nominated for \\\"Video of the Year\\\" at the 2013 YouTube Music Awards. In July 2013, the song was certified Gold by the RIAA, making ERB the first YouTube channel to do so. Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney \\\"Barack Obama vs. Mitt\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517620\",\n \"text\": \"In contrast, the Obama campaign repeatedly and exhaustively polled and directed the actual expressed day-to-day shifting opinions of the electorate through such technological mediums as Reddit, Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. \\\"Romney's senior strategist, Stuart Stevens, may well be remembered by historians . . . as the last guy to run a presidential campaign who never tweeted\\\" to get out the vote and to elicit real-time electorate feelings from all ethnic groups, all gender persuasions, and from rich and poor. Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign The Mitt Romney presidential campaign of 2012 officially began on June 2, 2011, when former Massachusetts\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517578\",\n \"text\": \"a July 17 speech. Regarding government infrastructure and support, Romney stated: The Romney campaign followed with events with small business owners in multiple states (Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Virginia, Ohio, Iowa, Missouri, North Carolina, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Mexico and Nevada), along with an attack ad. A new part of the Romney campaign website was created and merchandise related to the statement was produced. The 2012 Republican National Convention was held from August 27–30. It featured notable appearances by Ann Romney, Chris Christie, Paul Ryan, Clint Eastwood, and Mitt Romney. While Romney's overall polling gains from the GOP convention were modest, the\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9504699\",\n \"text\": \"make. The RV, a Winnebago made in Iowa, had a large map of Iowa on the back and a Romney family portrait on the side with the label \\\"Mitt Mobile\\\", \\\"A Five Brothers Bus\\\". The Mitt Mobile was planned to visit all of Iowa's ninety-nine counties. Each county was checked off on the large map on the back of the RV once it was visited. On August 11, 2007, the Mitt Mobile visited Iowa's ninety-ninth county at the Ames Straw Poll. The Mitt Mobile is planned to also tour Florida, New Hampshire, South Carolina, and other key primary states. The\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870485\",\n \"text\": \"the Republican nominee, Mitt Romney supported the inclusion of gay youth in the Boy Scouts of America. In 2014, Romney opposed an Arizona bill, SB 1062, which would have allowed businesses to refuse service to LGBT customers based on religious objections. \\\"The 2012 Republican presidential candidate urged Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer via Twitter to veto Senate Bill 1062, which would allow businesses with strongly held religious beliefs to deny service to gays and lesbians.\\\" Romney joined both Arizona Senators, John McCain and Jeff Flake, in calling on then-Governor Jan Brewer to veto the bill. Romney has stated his support for\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517559\",\n \"text\": \"results are allocated proportionately among the candidates by voting district. Romney won the Michigan primary narrowly, and won the Arizona primary by a wide margin. The state of Washington held their caucuses on Saturday, March 3, with Mitt Romney gaining momentum going into 'Super Tuesday'. Later, Washington held their state GOP convention June 2, 2012 giving Romney at least 34 delegates for the Republican National Convention. The largest number of states in the Republican Primary race voted on March 6, 2012, with Romney winning six states (Alaska, Idaho, Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont, Virginia); Santorum winning three states (North Dakota, Oklahoma, Tennessee);\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17833734\",\n \"text\": \"Mitt (film) Mitt is a 2014 American documentary film that chronicles the 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns of former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney. \\\"Mitt\\\" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014. The film was released on Netflix on January 24, 2014. Director Greg Whiteley is an admirer of Mitt Romney's father George. He was further interested in filming Romney when he heard that Romney had attended a screening of his film \\\"New York Doll\\\" and was planning to run for president. Whiteley then approached Tagg Romney about making a documentary about his father's presidential bid. Mitt Romney\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9504698\",\n \"text\": \"right in\\\" and loved the ride. On July 4, 2007, the Romney campaign officially launched the \\\"Mitt Mobile, A Five Brothers Bus\\\", referring to Romney's five sons and his official campaign blog, Five Brothers. When asked why his sons were not fighting in Iraq, Romney replied that his sons were supporting America by riding from town to town in the \\\"Five Brothers Bus,\\\" saying \\\"One of the ways my sons are showing support for our nation is helping me get elected.\\\" Romney later apologized and said he misspoke and that there is no comparison to the sacrifice that military persons\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517592\",\n \"text\": \"memes ever and described its notoriety as a \\\"foray into the internet's lexicon\\\" for Mitt Romney, and as \\\"immortality\\\". Due to pressure from political rivals during the Republican primary campaign, Romney released an incomplete 2010 tax return in early January 2012, along with an estimate of the 2011 return. During the presidential campaign, he declined to disclose additional returns citing the matter as a distraction from more important issues, despite calls to do so by Democrats and several notable Republicans. Republicans who have urged Romney to release his tax returns include former Mississippi governor Haley Barbour, Michael Steele and Bill\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517563\",\n \"text\": \"28, 2012, delegates at the Republican National Convention chose Mitt Romney as their presidential nominee against President Barack Obama. This formal nomination sets up a two-month final race to the elections on November 6. The general election campaign began in earnest on Labor Day, September 3, 2012. Romney's record at Bain Capital and Bain's investments were a prominent issue, with Romney arguing his tenure at Bain demonstrated management and leadership skills that created thousands of jobs. Political opponents have argued that under Romney, some investments at Bain increased investor profits at the expense of middle-class workers who were laid off.\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11283802\",\n \"text\": \"serve only the common cause of the people of the United States.\\\" Mitt Romney was the third U.S. presidential candidate of the Mormon faith to have a high likelihood of achieving a major political party's nomination. The first of these three was Romney's own father, George W. Romney, a progressive on Civil Rights who reorganized the American Motors Corporation. George Romney, while Governor of Michigan, ran for president in 1968 as a popular alternative to Richard M. Nixon for the Republican nomination. The second was Mo Udall, the liberal Arizona congressman. He gained considerable support throughout the 1976 primary race\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508111\",\n \"text\": \"Twitter. On November 19, Romney met with the President-elect at the Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey, reportedly to discuss the position of Secretary of State, a position which ultimately went to Rex Tillerson. In February 2017, Romney stated that Trump is \\\"off to a very strong start\\\" in fulfilling his campaign promises, although he has \\\"no regrets\\\" about his anti-Trump speech. A year later, Trump gave his endorsement for Romney's 2018 senate campaign. Romney was treated for prostate cancer in summer 2017. In September and October 2017 press reports said that should U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch retire,\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508030\",\n \"text\": \"temple in Belmont, he feared that, as a political figure who had opposed Kennedy, he would become a focal point for opposition to the structure. He thus kept to a limited, behind-the-scenes role in attempts to ease tensions between the church and local residents. In 1998, Ann Romney learned that she had multiple sclerosis; Mitt described watching her fail a series of neurological tests as the worst day of his life. After experiencing two years of severe difficulties with the disease, she found – while living in Park City, Utah, where the couple had built a vacation home – a\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508110\",\n \"text\": \"said that it was purchased from Romney for President and that \\\"we'll let other folks discuss what that may mean and certainly never speak for [Romney]\\\". A spokeswoman for Romney said that the list had been \\\"rented by several political candidates in the presidential primary, and by countless other political and commercial users in the time since the 2012 campaign\\\" and Romney made no public comment on McMullin's candidacy. Romney and his wife cast early ballots in Utah, but he declined to say who he voted for. After Trump won the election, Romney congratulated him via phone call and on\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508054\",\n \"text\": \"Federal Marriage Amendment. In 2005, Romney revealed a change of view regarding abortion, moving from the pro-choice positions expressed during his 1994 and 2002 campaigns to a pro-life one in opposition to \\\"Roe v. Wade\\\". Romney attributed his conversion to an interaction with Harvard University biologist Douglas Melton, an expert on embryonic stem cell biology, although Melton vehemently disputed Romney's recollection of their conversation. Romney subsequently vetoed a bill on pro-life grounds that expanded access to emergency contraception in hospitals and pharmacies (the legislature overrode the veto). He also amended his position on embryonic stem cell research itself. Romney used\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870461\",\n \"text\": \"sustain and support that law, and the right of a woman to make that choice, and my personal beliefs, like the personal beliefs of other people, should not be brought into a political campaign.\\\" Romney had endorsed the Freedom of Choice Act which would define legal access to abortion as a federal law even if \\\"Roe\\\" is overturned. During the 2002 governor's race, Romney's platform stated, \\\"As Governor, Mitt Romney would protect the current pro-choice status quo in Massachusetts. No law would change.\\\" He also endorsed the legalization of RU-486 or the \\\"morning after pill.\\\" The executive director of Massachusetts\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16754412\",\n \"text\": \"Bain & Company to co-found the spin-off private equity investment firm, Bain Capital. Bain Capital was founded in 1984 by Bain & Company partners Mitt Romney, T. Coleman Andrews III, and Eric Kriss. In addition to the three founding partners, the early team included Geoffrey S. Rehnert and others from Bain & Company. Romney initially had the titles of president and managing general partner (or managing partner). He later was referred to as managing director or CEO as well. He was also the sole shareholder of the firm. At the beginning, the firm had fewer than ten employees. When new\",\n \"title\": \"Business career of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517590\",\n \"text\": \"campaign for the neologism \\\"santorum\\\" which aimed to create an alternate definition (or homophone) for \\\"romney\\\" that referred to \\\"defecating in terror\\\", and also the binders full of women gaffe. Perhaps most popular was the \\\"Little Face Mitt\\\" meme, which was created on August 22 by humorist Reuben Glaser. It showed a depiction of Romney with his facial features \\\"shrunken\\\" within an ordinary-scale blank outline of his face; the result resembled a \\\"Dick Tracy\\\" comic-strip villain. Within its first four days it had garnered the attention of Gawker, UPROXX, CollegeHumor, BuzzFeed, PostSecret, \\\"Mother Jones\\\", Funny or Die and MSNBC's Alex\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517588\",\n \"text\": \"and Gingrich took the opportunity to say Romney flip-flops and was not a true conservative. Each held up an Etch A Sketch toy as a visual aid to their audiences. Ron Paul created a short ad saying \\\"this is petty when we have $15 trillion in debt, 12 million unemployed, and USA at war.\\\" Following the incident the Ohio Art Company saw a 30% increase in sales of Etch A Sketches. Mitt Romney explained the words of his advisor by saying, \\\"A general election campaign takes on a different profile. The issues I'm running on will be exactly the same.\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517577\",\n \"text\": \"You Get, The Worse It Sounds.\\\" The following Monday, July 16, Mitt Romney spoke about the \\\"you didn't build that\\\" statement in a campaign stump speech in Pennsylvania, saying: The Obama campaign, Factcheck.org, and Politifact disagreed with that characterization, noting that the sentence immediately preceding the \\\"you didn't build it\\\" line referred to roads and bridges and the speech concluded with Obama applauding the hard work of individuals in the creation of their own businesses. Politifact rated Romney's attack as false. In its analysis, Factcheck.org said: Factcheck.org concluded their analysis by acknowledging that Romney provided a more complete account in\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517551\",\n \"text\": \"Tiger Management, Louis Moore Bacon of Moore Capital Management, John Paulson of Paulson & Co., Steven Allen Schwarzman, of The Blackstone Group and Paul Singer of Elliott Management Corporation. Romney's foreign policy special advisors were drawn largely from the previous Republican administration. Of the 24 foreign policy advisors, 17 served in the Bush-Cheney administration. Economic policy: Justice advisory: Labor policy: Veterans policy: Trade policy: Law enforcement: Urban policy: Health care policy: Mitt Romney was one of many competing for the role of Republican nominee for president. Romney won the 2012 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) Straw Poll in February with\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15517546\",\n \"text\": \"him to change his mind, telling Romney that they believed he could fix the economy. Before a slower start to the presidential campaign by all contenders than four years previous, on April 11, 2011, Mitt Romney announced by means of a video recorded that day at an athletics field at the University of New Hampshire that he had formed an exploratory committee as a first step for a potential run for a Republican presidential campaign, saying, \\\"It is time that we put America back on a course of greatness, with a growing economy, good jobs and fiscal discipline in Washington.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508014\",\n \"text\": \"persuaded creditors, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, to accept less than full payment. Within about a year, he had led Bain & Company to a return to profitability. He turned Bain & Company over to new leadership and returned to Bain Capital in December 1992. Romney took a leave of absence from Bain Capital from November 1993 to November 1994 to run for the U.S. Senate. During that time, Ampad workers went on strike and asked Romney to intervene. Against the advice of Bain Capital lawyers, Romney met the strikers, but told them he had no position of active\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870468\",\n \"text\": \"endorsed a handful of publicly pro-choice candidates. He endorsed pro-choice Republican, Scott Brown, during his 2014 US Senate primary campaign in New Hampshire. He similarly endorsed Rhode Island's pro-choice Republican gubernatorial candidate, Allan Fung. Washington's 2014 Republican Senate candidate Monica Wehby, who is pro-choice, also received Mitt Romney's endorsement. Romney has expressed support for constitutional amendments at both the state and federal level guaranteeing constitutional protections to the unborn from the moment of fertilization. During the 2008 presidential campaign, Romney said that if elected president, he would support an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would legally define personhood as\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15298276\",\n \"text\": \"Longhorns to a record of 11–7. Romney was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He is the cousin of George W. Romney, father of former Massachusetts Governor and 2012 Republican Presidential Candidate Mitt Romney. Mitt Romney is his namesake and is a first cousin once removed. Romney died in Little Rock, Arkansas on November 10, 1975. Milton Romney Milton Addas \\\"Mitt\\\" Romney (June 20, 1899 – November 10, 1975) was an American football player who played in the offensive backfield for the Racine Legion from 1923 to 1924 and was a quarterback for the Chicago Bears from 1925 to 1928.\",\n \"title\": \"Milton Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10247534\",\n \"text\": \"Ann Romney Ann Lois Romney (née Davies; born April 16, 1949) is the wife of American businessman and politician, Mitt Romney. From 2003 to 2007, Romney was First Lady of Massachusetts, while her husband served as Governor. She was raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and attended the private Kingswood School there, where she dated Mitt Romney. She converted to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in 1966. She attended Brigham Young University (BYU), married Mitt Romney in 1969, and in 1975 received a Bachelor of Arts degree in French. As First Lady of Massachusetts, Romney served\",\n \"title\": \"Ann Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10758034\",\n \"text\": \"to a long coaching career at East High School in Salt Lake City, Utah. 'Mitt' played college football at Utah and Chicago as a quarterback and later coached at Texas and for the Racine Cardinals. From 1925 to 1928, 'Mitt' was a quarterback for the Chicago Bears of the NFL. 'Mitt' Romney is a first cousin to former Governor George Romney of Michigan and his son, Mitt Romney of Massachusetts was named for him. Between 1925 and 1948, Romney organized and operated a summer school for football and basketball coaches that he ran in Logan, Utah. Noteworthy football speakers included\",\n \"title\": \"Dick Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17833736\",\n \"text\": \"and he worries about disappointing his supporters and family if he loses. \\\"Mitt\\\" received mainly positive reviews from critics. The film holds a 64/100 on Metacritic, and aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes reports 81% approval. Mitt (film) Mitt is a 2014 American documentary film that chronicles the 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns of former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney. \\\"Mitt\\\" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014. The film was released on Netflix on January 24, 2014. Director Greg Whiteley is an admirer of Mitt Romney's father George. He was further interested in filming Romney when he heard that\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16842101\",\n \"text\": \"and William Ryder (born 2012). The family resides in Belmont, Massachusetts. Tagg Romney Taggart Mitt \\\"Tagg\\\" Romney (born March 21, 1970) is an American management consultant, businessman, venture capitalist and political advisor. He is the eldest son of businessman and politician Mitt Romney. Taggart Romney is the oldest son of Ann and Mitt Romney, born when both were undergraduates at Brigham Young University in Tagg's birthplace of Provo, Utah. He attended Belmont Hill School, a preparatory academy before he graduated \\\"magna cum laude\\\" with a BA in economics from Brigham Young University and earned his MBA from Harvard Business School.\",\n \"title\": \"Tagg Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16842095\",\n \"text\": \"Tagg Romney Taggart Mitt \\\"Tagg\\\" Romney (born March 21, 1970) is an American management consultant, businessman, venture capitalist and political advisor. He is the eldest son of businessman and politician Mitt Romney. Taggart Romney is the oldest son of Ann and Mitt Romney, born when both were undergraduates at Brigham Young University in Tagg's birthplace of Provo, Utah. He attended Belmont Hill School, a preparatory academy before he graduated \\\"magna cum laude\\\" with a BA in economics from Brigham Young University and earned his MBA from Harvard Business School. He has worked as the head of marketing for the Los\",\n \"title\": \"Tagg Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9504711\",\n \"text\": \"to the possibly-decisive February 5 Super Tuesday contests. 21 states would hold Republican primaries that day. On February 2, Romney won the Maine Republican Caucus with 52% of the votes. On February 4, Mike Huckabee one of Romney's rivals in the primary accused Romney of voter suppression, saying that Romney and his political surrogates should stop telling voters \\\"a vote for Huckabee is a vote for McCain\\\", Romney's other chief rival. Huckabee also said Romney was being \\\"presumptuous and arrogant\\\" thinking his supporters would vote for Romney if Huckabee left the race. On February 5, Super Tuesday, Romney won in\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508016\",\n \"text\": \"Games Organizing Committee. Billed in some public statements as keeping a part-time role, Romney remained the firm's sole shareholder, managing director, CEO, and president, signing corporate and legal documents, attending to his interests within the firm, and conducting prolonged negotiations for the terms of his departure. He did not involve himself in day-to-day operations of the firm or in the investment decisions of Bain Capital's new private equity funds. He retained his position on several boards of directors during this time and regularly returned to Massachusetts to attend meetings. In August 2001, Romney announced that he would not return to\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2507984\",\n \"text\": \"Romney earned a Bachelor of Arts in English from Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1971 and a joint JD–MBA from Harvard University in 1975. Romney became a management consultant and in 1977 secured a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as Bain's chief executive officer (CEO), he helped lead the company out of a financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded and led the spin-off company Bain Capital, a highly profitable private equity investment firm that became one of the largest of its kind in the nation. Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) throughout\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870393\",\n \"text\": \"states and localities are in the best position to get aid to the individuals and communities affected by natural disasters.\\\" Romney says a major contributor to America's faltering economy has been what he views as excessive regulation. He has promised to repeal the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Act implemented Wall Street reform with goals that included \\\"improving accountability and transparency in the financial system\\\" and protecting consumers. Romney criticized the Act as being \\\"overwhelming\\\" in length, but he said that one provision, distinguishing between home mortgages and high-risk securities in terms of the capital requirements,\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19367605\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"failed twice\\\". Following the speech, Trump immediately responded with what \\\"Politico\\\" described as \\\"withering scorn,\\\" dismissing Romney as a \\\"choke artist.\\\" At a campaign rally in Portland, Maine, Trump told supporters, in reference to the 2012 presidential election, \\\"I backed Mitt Romney. He was begging for my endorsement. I could have said 'Mitt, drop to your knees.' He would have dropped to his knees.\\\" In messages posted to his Twitter account, Trump went on to describe Romney as a \\\"failed candidate\\\" who was \\\"working with the establishment\\\". Trump continued to mock Romney's speech in late May, saying: \\\"He walks like\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508090\",\n \"text\": \"I had been able to fulfill your hopes to lead this country in a different direction, but the nation chose another leader.\\\" Reflecting on his defeat during a conference call to hundreds of fundraisers and donors a week after the election, Romney attributed the outcome to Obama's having secured the votes of specific interest groups, including African Americans, Hispanic Americans, young people, and women, by offering them what Romney called \\\"extraordinary financial gifts.\\\" The remark drew heavy criticism from prominent members of the Republican party. In addition to calling for cuts in federal government spending to help reduce the national\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508080\",\n \"text\": \"his claim that he created 100,000 jobs during that time. Many conservatives rallied in defense of Romney, rejecting what they inferred as criticism of free-market capitalism. During two debates in the state, Romney fumbled questions about releasing his income tax returns, while Gingrich gained support with audience-rousing attacks on the debate moderators. Romney's double-digit lead in state polls evaporated; he lost to Gingrich by 13 points in the January 21 primary. Combined with the delayed loss in Iowa, Romney's admitted poor week represented a lost chance to end the race early, and he quickly decided to release two years of\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16246504\",\n \"text\": \"Romney story today, what is most striking is its forgettability, how indistinguishable it seems in retrospect from the idiots' parade of meaningless stories that came to define the [2008] campaign.\\\" Journalists Mike Allen and Evan Thomas assert that Romney did nothing unusual: \\\"Overlooked in the clucking over the incident is the fact that the dog was in a crate, probably little different from the dog kennels used to transport animals in the cold-storage compartments of airplanes. Romney had erected a barrier to shield the family pet from the wind. Romney, the family man heading to the lake, didn't seem heartless\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney dog incident\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9473270\",\n \"text\": \"of research on unused embryos from fertility treatments. Per this stance, he vetoed a Massachusetts bill to fund stem-cell research because the legislation allowed such cloning of human embryos. \\\"I am not in favor of creating new human embryos through cloning,\\\" said Romney, calling the practice \\\"a matter of profound moral and ethical consequence\\\". Romney also opposed the legislation because of its assertion that life does not begin until an embryo is implanted in a uterus. \\\"It is very conceivable that scientific advances will allow an embryo to be grown for a substantial period of time outside the uterus,\\\" Romney\",\n \"title\": \"Governorship of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508085\",\n \"text\": \"and was able to paint a negative image of Romney in voters' minds before the Romney campaign could construct a positive one. In July 2012, Romney visited the United Kingdom, Israel, and Poland, meeting leaders in an effort to raise his credibility as a world statesman. Comments Romney made about the readiness of the 2012 Summer Olympics were perceived as undiplomatic by the British press. Israeli Prime Minister (and former BCG colleague) Benjamin Netanyahu, embraced Romney, though some Palestinians criticized him for suggesting that Israel's culture led to their greater economic success. On August 11, 2012, the Romney campaign announced\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9504721\",\n \"text\": \"2006, the Boston Globe reported that Mitt Romney's son, Josh Romney, and a member of Romney's political action committee in his Salt Lake City office September 19, 2007, did meet with Jeffrey R. Holland, an apostle in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, to discuss Romney's campaign. According to the Church, the meeting was a courtesy call and that Jeffrey R. Holland reminded the Romneys of the Church's longstanding policy of political neutrality. Romney's campaign speeches sometimes contained a standard response to the religion issue as a whole: \\\"I believe in God. I believe in the family. I\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16754435\",\n \"text\": \"I can win.\\\" When his father died in 1995, Mitt donated his inheritance to BYU's George W. Romney Institute of Public Management. He also joined the board, as vice-chair, of the Points of Light Foundation, which had incorporated his father's National Volunteer Center. In 1994, Bain invested in Steel Dynamics, based in Fort Wayne, Indiana, a prosperous steel company that has grown to the fifth largest in the U.S.A, employs about 6,100 people, and produces carbon steel products with 2010 revenues of $6.3 billion on steel shipments of 5.3 million tons. In 1993, Bain acquired the Armco Worldwide Grinding System\",\n \"title\": \"Business career of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16754409\",\n \"text\": \"BCG was neither. Its idiosyncratic founder, Bruce Henderson, was regarded as outside the mainstream of corporate consulting, and BCG was routinely disparaged by faculty and students at Harvard Business School. But BCG was a pioneering upstart that fostered camaraderie among its employees, who traveled around the country to advise clients, and that is where Mitt Romney chose to start his career. His legal and business education proved useful in his job while he applied BCG principles such as the growth-share matrix, which is a simple chart to assist large corporations in deciding how to allocate cash among their business units.\",\n \"title\": \"Business career of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11283803\",\n \"text\": \"as a rival to Jimmy Carter, who campaigned as a devout evangelical. During the latter part of Udall's campaign, Udall faced criticism from black activists concerning the fact that the church stated as Udall's religious affiliation, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, barred blacks from holding its lay priesthood. (This policy was changed in 1978.) In response to this criticism, Udall withdrew nominal affiliation with the denomination in 1976. Differing from Udall, Mitt Romney is a social conservative. Paralleling Udall's rivalry with the outspokenly evangelical candidate Jimmy Carter, one of Romney's chief rivals in 2007 was also a\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870445\",\n \"text\": \"in the world.\\\" In response to President Obama's pledge to maintain Israel's \\\"Qualitative Military Edge\\\" over the other countries in the region, Romney has said he would do \\\"the opposite from Obama\\\". Romney supported an international campaign to hold one minute of silence at the 2012 London Olympics to remember the Israeli athletes killed in the 1972 Munich Massacre at the Olympics by the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September. Concerning the involvement of the American military in the 2011 Libyan civil war, Romney initially said in March that Obama had waited too long before becoming involved, and he also criticized\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9473269\",\n \"text\": \"a pro-life Mormon faking it as a pro-choice friendly.\\\" Murphy later explained that he \\\"was discussing a characterization the governor's critics use.\\\" During his 2002 campaign, Romney had expressed broad support for embryonic stem cell research, and said he would lobby President Bush (who the year before had banned most federal funding for such research) to support it. In particular, Romney stated that he supported the use of surplus embryos from fertility clinics for stem-cell research. In early 2005, Romney announced his position on therapeutic cloning for the first time, saying he was against it, but was still in favor\",\n \"title\": \"Governorship of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870533\",\n \"text\": \"2018, running for Senate in Utah, Romney said \\\"My view was these DACA kids shouldn't all be allowed to stay in the country legally.\\\" However, shortly after those comments, also in March 2018, Romney's campaign clarified that \\\"Since [2012] circumstances have changed. President Obama enacted DACA and Gov. Romney believes the commitment made by President Obama should be honored.\\\" The Romney campaign also stated that he supports a legal status for DACA recipients, but that he does not support a pathway to citizenship. When he won the Republican nomination for Senate, Romney said American values include \\\"welcoming immigrants and refugees\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870467\",\n \"text\": \"day, his campaign spokeswoman said that \\\"Gov. Romney would of course support legislation aimed at providing greater protections for life.\\\" While Romney would prefer to see passage of federal legislation or of a constitutional amendment that would outlaw abortion, he does not believe the public would support such measures; as an alternative, he has promised to nominate Supreme Court justices who would help overturn \\\"Roe v. Wade\\\", allowing the states to individually decide on the legality of abortion. Throughout the 2012 presidential campaign, Romney vowed that he would eliminate all federal funding for Planned Parenthood if elected. In 2014, Romney\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870469\",\n \"text\": \"beginning at conception. In the 2012 presidential campaign, he said that, had he as governor been presented with a state constitutional amendment to define life as beginning at conception, he would have supported it. In a campaign interview on October 9, 2012, Romney stated, \\\"There's no legislation with regards to abortion that I'm familiar with that would become part of my agenda.\\\" Democrats charged that Romney was trying to appeal to moderate voters by hiding his true position on reproductive rights. A Romney campaign spokesperson told the conservative \\\"National Review Online\\\" that Romney \\\"would, of course, support legislation aimed at\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9870401\",\n \"text\": \"Romney highlighted his success in providing government subsidizes to ensure medical coverage for all the children of Massachusetts. And in October the Romney campaign questioned the assumptions behind a Commonwealth Fund report that Romney's policies would provide health care insurance for 45 million fewer Americans than Obama's policies. In his 2018 Senate campaign in Utah, Romney stood by his position that the healthcare law he signed in Massachusetts was right at the time. Kennedy had criticized the Massachusetts law, which some conservatives have compared to 'universal healthcare,' but Romney defended it arguing that he believes in state-based plans. While campaigning\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9473199\",\n \"text\": \"picked more on managerial abilities rather than on party affiliation. Romney gave them broad authority over new what he called \\\"super-secretariats\\\". Romney and Healey both pledged to forgo their official salaries for the length of their terms. During the campaign for the governorship in 2002, Romney proposed a plan that he said would balance the Massachusetts budget without raising taxes. He campaigned that he would be able to save $1 billion (out of a $23 billion budget) by reducing waste, fraud, and mismanagement in the state government, and he railed against the large tax increase that the legislature were negotiating\",\n \"title\": \"Governorship of Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16842100\",\n \"text\": \"which caused concern prior to the November elections. A spokesperson for Solamere later commented on the matter, saying, \\\"Not only does Solamere have no direct or indirect interest in this company Hart InterCivic, Solamere and its partners have no ownership in this company, nor do they have any ownership in nor have made any investments in the fund that invested in the voting machine company.\\\" In 2012, \\\"National Journal\\\" named Romney one of ten Republicans to follow on Twitter. Romney and his wife Jennifer have six children, three via surrogate mothers: Jonathan (born August 2010) and the twins David Mitt\",\n \"title\": \"Tagg Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508071\",\n \"text\": \"condominium in Belmont during 2010. In February 2010, Romney had a minor altercation with LMFAO member Skyler Gordy, known as Sky Blu, on an airplane flight. Romney released his book, \\\"\\\", in March 2010, and undertook an 18-state book tour to promote the work. In the book, Romney writes of his belief in American exceptionalism, and presents his economic and geopolitical views rather than anecdotes about his personal or political life. It debuted atop \\\"The New York Times\\\" Best Seller list. Romney donated his earnings from the book to charity. Immediately following the March 2010 passage of the Patient Protection\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508066\",\n \"text\": \"Carolina, and by Romney over McCain in childhood-home Michigan, set up a pivotal battle in the Florida primary. Romney campaigned intensively on economic issues and the burgeoning subprime mortgage crisis, while McCain attacked Romney regarding Iraq policy and benefited from endorsements from Florida officeholders. McCain won a 5 percentage point victory on January 29. Although many Republican officials were now lining up behind McCain, Romney persisted through the nationwide Super Tuesday contests on February 5. There he won primaries or caucuses in several states, but McCain won in more and in larger-population ones. Trailing McCain in delegates by a more\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508039\",\n \"text\": \"White House – wanted Romney to run for governor and the opportunity appealed to him for reasons including its national visibility. A poll by the \\\"Boston Herald\\\" showed Republicans favoring Romney over Swift by more than 50 percentage points. On March 19, 2002, Swift announced she would not seek her party's nomination, and hours later Romney declared his candidacy, for which he would face no opposition in the primary. In June 2002, the Massachusetts Democratic Party challenged Romney's eligibility to run for governor, noting that state law required seven years' consecutive residence and that Romney had filed his state tax\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508025\",\n \"text\": \"the senator's reputation had suffered. Romney changed his affiliation to Republican in October 1993 and formally announced his candidacy in February 1994. In addition to his leave from Bain Capital, Romney also stepped down from his church leadership role in 1994. Radio personality Janet Jeghelian took an early lead in polls among candidates for the Republican nomination for the Senate seat, but Romney proved the most effective fundraiser. He won 68 percent of the vote at the May 1994 Massachusetts Republican Party convention; businessman John Lakian finished a distant second, eliminating Jeghelian. Romney defeated Lakian in the September 1994 primary\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508007\",\n \"text\": \"that few venture capital investments were approved in the initial two years. The firm's first significant success was a 1986 investment to help start Staples Inc., after founder Thomas G. Stemberg convinced Romney of the market size for office supplies and Romney convinced others; Bain Capital eventually reaped a nearly sevenfold return on its investment, and Romney sat on the Staples board of directors for over a decade. Romney soon switched Bain Capital's focus from startups to the relatively new business of leveraged buyouts: buying existing companies with money mostly borrowed from banking institutions using the newly bought companies' assets\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2508006\",\n \"text\": \"until Bain rearranged the terms in a complicated partnership structure so that there was no financial or professional risk to Romney. Bain and Romney raised the $37 million in funds needed to start the new operation, which had seven employees. Romney held the titles of president and managing general partner. Though he was the sole shareholder of the firm, publications also referred to him as managing director or CEO. Initially, Bain Capital focused on venture capital investments. Romney set up a system in which any partner could veto one of these potential opportunities, and he personally saw so many weaknesses\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2507996\",\n \"text\": \"1968 general strike and student uprisings and the car accident. With Romney rallying the others, the mission met its goal of 200 baptisms for the year, the most in a decade. By the end of his stint in December 1968, he was overseeing the work of 175 others. As a result of his experience there, Romney developed a lifelong affection for France and its people and has also remained fluent in French. At their first meeting following his return, Romney and Ann Davies reconnected and decided to get married. Romney began attending BYU, where she had been studying. The couple\",\n \"title\": \"Mitt Romney\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["governor of massachusetts"],"string":"[\n \"governor of massachusetts\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1790,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who is country singer jewel married to?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1394701","text":"in the initiative's public service announcement (PSA) which asked Americans to rethink their views on public housing and consider how it benefits people in their own communities. Jewel was in a relationship with actor Sean Penn in 1995 after he spotted her performing on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". He invited her to compose a song for his film \"The Crossing Guard\" and followed her on tour. She married pro rodeo cowboy Ty Murray on August 7, 2008, in the Bahamas after 10 years together. Their son, Kase Townes Murray, was born on July 11, 2011. On July 2, 2014,","title":"Jewel (singer)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394701\",\n \"text\": \"in the initiative's public service announcement (PSA) which asked Americans to rethink their views on public housing and consider how it benefits people in their own communities. Jewel was in a relationship with actor Sean Penn in 1995 after he spotted her performing on \\\"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\\\". He invited her to compose a song for his film \\\"The Crossing Guard\\\" and followed her on tour. She married pro rodeo cowboy Ty Murray on August 7, 2008, in the Bahamas after 10 years together. Their son, Kase Townes Murray, was born on July 11, 2011. On July 2, 2014,\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1394702","text":"after nearly 6 years of marriage, Jewel announced on her website that she and Murray were divorcing. Jewel is the daughter of Atz Kilcher, who stars in the Discovery Channel show \"\". All three of her brothers live in Alaska. Her cousin is actress Q'orianka Kilcher who is best known for her role as Pocahontas opposite Colin Farrell and Christian Bale in director Terrence Malick's Academy Award-nominated motion picture \"The New World\" (2005). Jewel has been estranged from her mother (who also served as her business manager) since 2003; the singer has accused her mother of stealing millions of dollars","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394684","text":"stated that she was no longer affiliated with a record label, confirming rumors that Atlantic Records had failed to renew her contract after the lackluster sales of her then-latest album. She also hinted that she would like to do a country album next. She worked with John Rich of Big & Rich fame, who said that she was \"probably one of the greatest American singer-songwriters we have had.\" He also said that \"every label in Nashville\" was talking to her at the time. In November 2007, Jewel was signed to Valory Records, a newly formed division of the independent Big","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394704","text":"and achieving, by just being them.\" Co-headlining Opening act Cancelled Jewel (singer) Jewel Kilcher (born May 23, 1974), known mononymously as Jewel, is an American singer-songwriter, musician, producer, actress, author, and poet. She has received four Grammy Award nominations and, as of 2015, has sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Kilcher was raised in Homer, Alaska, where she grew up singing and yodeling as a duo with her father, a local musician. At age fifteen, she received a partial scholarship at the Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan, where she studied operatic voice. After graduating, she began writing and performing at","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394660","text":"Jewel (singer) Jewel Kilcher (born May 23, 1974), known mononymously as Jewel, is an American singer-songwriter, musician, producer, actress, author, and poet. She has received four Grammy Award nominations and, as of 2015, has sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Kilcher was raised in Homer, Alaska, where she grew up singing and yodeling as a duo with her father, a local musician. At age fifteen, she received a partial scholarship at the Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan, where she studied operatic voice. After graduating, she began writing and performing at clubs and coffeehouses in San Diego, California. Based on local","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394670","text":"means to record any of her own music. Vainshtein, who at the time was working as a film executive at Paramount, eventually became her manager and was instrumental in creating a major bidding war that led to her deal with Atlantic Records. She continued to manage Jewel until the end of the first album cycle. Her debut album \"Pieces of You\" was released under the eponym of Jewel, in 1995 when she was 21 years old. Recorded in a studio on singer Neil Young's ranch, it included Young's backing band, The Stray Gators, who played on his \"Harvest\" and \"Harvest","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394688","text":"Last\" with R&B singer Tyrese in conjunction with the release of his comic book \"Mayhem!\". It was intended to be used for the soundtrack to \"\" but did not appear on the final track listing. In January 2010 Jewel released \"Stay Here Forever\" from the soundtrack to the film \"Valentine's Day\". It also served as the lead-off single to Jewel's ninth studio album \"Sweet and Wild\" released on June 8, 2010. The single debuted at No. 48 on the Hot Country Songs chart and reached No. 34 in May 2010. \"Satisfied\" was released as the album's second single on May","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394696","text":"reveal much character.\" \"Perfectly Clear\" (2008) was influenced by her appreciation for country music, while \"Picking Up The Pieces\" (2015) saw Jewel \"going back to [her] folk/American roots that [she] began with.\" Owning a wide variety of Taylor Guitars, Jewel uses a Taylor 912-C most often. \"Acoustic Guitar\" writer Jeffery Pepper Rodgers called the guitar her \"steady companion\". All of her guitars are strung with D'Addario products. To strum, she employs a unique self-created fingerpicking technique or a hard pick. Jewel formed a nonprofit organization called Higher Ground for Humanity with her mother, Lenedra J. Carroll, and her older brother,","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394662","text":"followed by \"This Way\" (2001). In 2003, she released \"0304\", which marked a departure from her previous folk-oriented records, featuring electronic arrangements and elements of dance-pop. In 2008, she released \"Perfectly Clear\", her first country album; it debuted atop \"Billboard\"s Top Country Albums chart and featured three singles, \"Stronger Woman\", \"I Do\", and \"'Til It Feels Like Cheating\". Jewel released her first independent album, \"Lullaby\", in 2009. Jewel has also had endeavors in writing and acting; in 1998 she released a collection of poetry, and the following year appeared in a supporting role in Ang Lee's Western film \"Ride with","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394698","text":"to Capitol Hill, urging Congress to pass the bipartisan Breast Cancer Patient Protection Act of 2005 (S 910/HR1849). The bill would ban the practice of \"drive-through\" mastectomies, when women are discharged from the hospital just hours after their surgeries. Jewel served as the honorary chairperson of the 2006 \"Help the Homeless Walk\" in Washington, D.C. In November 2008, Jewel began work on a project with several dozen singer-songwriters to write and auction their lyrics with donations benefiting her \"Project Clean Water\" charity. Many singers and songwriters besides herself have donated their written lyrics including Patrick Davis, Alabama's Randy Owen, John","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394689","text":"17, 2010, reaching its highest peak of No. 57. On October 10, 2010, Jewel released the third single from \"Sweet and Wild\", \"Ten\". It made its debut on the Hot Country Songs Chart at No. 55 on the week of October 15, 2010, and peaked at No. 51 two weeks later. Jewel's second children's album, \"The Merry Goes 'Round\", was released in August 2011. Like 2009's \"Lullaby\", it is sold under the Fisher-Price brand. In June 2012, Jewel was cast in the lead role as June Carter Cash in the Lifetime original movie \"Ring of Fire\", opposite Matt Ross. Brian","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394683","text":"Love\", the lead single from the movie \"Arthur and the Invisibles\", recorded in 2006; the song is only available on the soundtrack for the film, which was released in January 2007. In early February 2007 Jewel recorded a duet with Jason Michael Carroll, \"No Good in Goodbye\", that was featured on Carroll's debut CD, \"Waitin' in the Country\". She also made a promotional appearance on the T in Boston for the Verizon Yellow Pages, playing songs on a moving subway car and then doing an hour-long acoustic concert in South Station. In a 2007 interview with \"The Boston Globe\", Jewel","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394685","text":"Machine Records label. Her first country album, \"Perfectly Clear\", was released on June 3, 2008, selling 48,000 units in its first week. It debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Country Album Chart and No. 8 on the Billboard 200 Album Chart. In its second week on the charts, the album dropped to No. 25 on the Billboard 200 and No. 5 on the Country Albums chart, with estimated second week sales of 75,000 units. Jewel made her second film appearance in a cameo, appearing as herself in the comedy film \"\", released in December 2007. Approximately a month later,","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394690","text":"Lowry of \"Variety\" commended Jewel's live singing in the film, and noted: \"Jewel and Ross are convincing as the central couple, playing them over an extended span.\" On October 16, 2012, Jewel announced via Twitter a \"Greatest Hits\" album would be released in 2013. The album features new duets from Kelly Clarkson and the Pistol Annies. Jewel and Clarkson recorded a fresh rendition of Jewel's song \"Foolish Games\" while Jewel and the Pistol Annies recut \"You Were Meant for Me\". The \"Greatest Hits\" album was released February 5, 2013. On August 6, 2013, Jewel announced the release of her second","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"10598101","text":"The Twangtrust. Ray's father, Ray Kennedy, Sr., who was the credit manager for Sears, formed the concept for the Discover Card, which was launched in 1985. He is married to Siobhan Maher Kennedy. Ray Kennedy (country singer) Ray Kennedy (born May 13, 1954) is an American country music artist. He has recorded two albums for Atlantic Records. His two Atlantic albums produced a total of four singles on the Hot Country Songs charts, with 1991's \"What a Way to Go\" being his only top 40 country hit, peaking at No. 10. Born in the New York city of Buffalo, Kennedy","title":"Ray Kennedy (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394700","text":"\"I Don't Need a Man\", \"Superman (It's Not Easy)\" and \"Redneck Woman\". The highest bought lyrics being Jewel's signature song \"You Were Meant For Me\" sold for US$1,505, and \"Who Will Save Your Soul\" and \"Hands\", raising more than $1,005 each. Jewel promised that all items sold by December 18 would be delivered by Christmas. After the majority of the auctions ended on December 18 two new lyrics by Craig Wiseman and Ernie Ashworth were put up for auction ending in January 2009. In May 2013 Jewel served as ambassador for the ReThink: Why Housing Matters initiative. She was included","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394672","text":"she maintained communication with her EA fans. On July 18 and 19, 1996, she gave a two-day concert known as \"JewelStock\" at the Bearsville Theatre. Jewel allowed the concert to be taped, and fans circulated the concert without profit. Jewel was chosen to sing the American national anthem at the opening of the Super Bowl XXXII in January 1998 in San Diego. She was introduced as \"San Diego's own Jewel!\" but criticized for lip syncing the anthem to a digitally-recorded track of her own voice. This was especially noticeable due to her missing her cue and not mouthing the first","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394697","text":"Shane Kilcher. The organization's focus is education, sustainable improvements, and building alliances with like-minded organizations. Jewel donates a portion of her income to the organization and often holds events to benefit the organization. The organization tends to parallel Jewel's career since she provides the majority of the organization's funding. , the activities of the organization were reduced. One early grantee was the Global Youth Action Network, which has become one of the largest youth movements around the United Nations. In September 2006, as part of Lifetime's \"Stop Breast Cancer for Life\" campaign, Jewel delivered more than 12 million petition signatures","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394675","text":"million units in the United States. Its lead single, \"Hands,\" peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Other singles followed, including a new version of \"Jupiter (Swallow the Moon),\" \"What's Simple Is True,\" which she meant to be the theme song to her upcoming movie, and the charity single \"Life Uncommon.\" Shortly after the release of \"Spirit,\" Jewel made her acting debut playing the character Sue Lee Shelley in Ang Lee's Western film \"Ride with the Devil\" (1999), opposite Tobey Maguire. The film received mixed-positive reviews, though critic Roger Ebert praised her performance, writing: \"Jewel deserves praise","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"8366478","text":"after the tragedy, on Tuesday, September 18, 2001, and performed this song instead of the previously scheduled \"Standing Still.\" This song is also used during Rachel's Challenge. In 2016, the song was covered by country singer Trisha Yearwood for the US version of the musical \"The Passion\". Hands (Jewel song) \"Hands\" is the first single released from Jewel Kilcher's second album, \"Spirit\" (1998). A \"Christmas version\" of the song appears on \".\" No commercial single was ever issued in the United States, and the singles that were issued internationally received the album version. The radio edit can be found only","title":"Hands (Jewel song)"},{"psg_id":"1394687","text":"in June 2009. In early 2009 it was announced that Jewel would release a new studio album titled \"Lullaby\", a collection of lullabies which she described as \"not just for children, but also adults\". Its lead single, \"Somewhere Over the Rainbow\", was released on iTunes on March 17, 2009. The album was released on May 5, 2009. \"Somewhere Over The Rainbow\" was No. 1 on The Top Children's Songs the week of release. Like 2011's \"The Merry Goes 'Round\", it is sold under the Fisher Price brand which Jewel described as \"a great partnership\". She also recorded the \"Make It","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394663","text":"the Devil\" (1999) which earned her critical acclaim. Jewel was born May 23, 1974 in Payson, Utah, the second child of Attila Kuno \"Atz\" Kilcher and Lenedra Jewel Kilcher ( Carroll). At the time of her birth, her parents had been living in Utah with her elder brother, Shane; her father was attending Brigham Young University. She is a first cousin once removed of actress Q'orianka Kilcher. Her father, originally from Alaska, was a Mormon, though the family stopped attending The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints after her parents' divorce when she was eight years old. Her paternal","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394682","text":"A very satisfying work, all in all.\" \"Rolling Stone\", however, called the album \"overdone and undercooked\" with a rating of 2 stars out of 5. To promote the album, a music video for \"Stephenville, TX\", Jewel's next single, was shown on \"Yahoo! Launch\". After a photo shoot at her Texas ranch, Jewel spontaneously decided to have photographer Kurt Markus shoot the music video for the song \"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\". According to an Atlantic Records press release, \"The homegrown clip beautifully reflects both the song's organic, intimate sound and its powerfully autobiographical story.\" Jewel released a video for \"Quest for","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394691","text":"Christmas album, titled \"\", scheduled for release on November 12, 2013. In an interview with \"The Wall Street Journal\", Jewel was quoted as saying \"I wanted this record to have a resemblance to the first album. It's a continuation of mood and spirit of that record, with the mood and feel of the album artwork with an image and tone that evokes that spirit.\" In February 2014, Jewel began work on her next album and confirmed that it will not be released by a major record label, and that she was producing it herself. In April 2015, she appeared as","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394677","text":"November 2001, her fourth studio album, \"This Way,\" was released. The album peaked at No. 9 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and sold over 1.5 million copies in the U.S. A song from the album \"Standing Still\" hit the Top 30. Other singles released were \"Break Me,\" \"This Way,\" and \"Serve the Ego;\" this last gave Jewel her first number one club hit. In June 2003, Jewel released her fifth studio album, titled \"0304\". The album was promoted by its lead single, \"Intuition,\" which reached No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Pop Songs chart and No. 20 on the Billboard Hot","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"11360756","text":"\"X Factor\", and a collaboration with long-time friends from other bands; \"Jewel with the Stars\". Jewel has also produced or mixed several albums, including Sumon's first solo album \"Shopno gulo tomar moto\", and Artcell's second studio album \"Aniket Prantor\". Jewel released a compilation album, \"Rock 101\", in December 2008. In 2009, Eid al-Fitr Jewel released the dual \"Rock 202\" and \"Rock 303\". Iqbal has two children - Eshan and Aarya. Iqbal Asif Jewel Iqbal Asif Jewel () is a Bangladeshi singer, songwriter, guitarist, and producer. He is currently a member of the band Miles. Iqbal's first band was \"Legend\", whose","title":"Iqbal Asif Jewel"},{"psg_id":"1394671","text":"Moon\" albums. Part of the album was recorded live at The Inner Change Cafe in San Diego, where she had risen to local fame. The album stayed on the Billboard 200 for two years, reaching number four at its peak. The album spawned the Top 10 hits \"You Were Meant for Me\", \"Who Will Save Your Soul\", and \"Foolish Games\". The album eventually sold over 12 million copies in the United States alone. In the late 1990s, Mike Connell created an electronic mailing list for fans, known as \"Everyday Angels\". Although Jewel herself does not subscribe to this mailing list,","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"9760419","text":"Jewel Taylor Jewel Cianeh Howard Taylor (born January 17, 1963) is a Liberian politician and the current Vice President of Liberia. She was married to President Charles Taylor (whom she married in 1997, but later divorced in 2006) and was First Lady of Liberia during his presidency. In 2005, Jewel Taylor was elected to the Senate of Liberia in Bong County as a member of the National Patriotic Party. She is the Chairperson of the Senate Health and Social Welfare Committee on Gender, Women and Children. While her husband was president, Taylor held a number of official posts in the","title":"Jewel Taylor"},{"psg_id":"10710901","text":"Jewel Akens Jewel Eugene Akens (September 12, 1933, Houston, Texas – March 1, 2013, Inglewood, California) was an American singer and record producer. He recorded with The Medallions on Dootone, with The Four Dots on Freedom, and then with singer Eddie Daniels as \"Jewel and Eddie\" on the Silver Records label in 1960. A number of his recordings featured Eddie Cochran on guitar. He later went solo and recorded \"The Birds And The Bees\" in 1965, on the Era Records label. The single went to Number 3 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart that year, and Number 2 on the","title":"Jewel Akens"},{"psg_id":"19408960","text":"Adams \"On His Way\" album October 1973 Atlantic SF-7280 Don Adams (country singer) Don Adams (Greenfield, Ohio) is an American country music singer, who often supported George Jones such as on Live at Dancetown U.S.A. (1965) He also sang with Johnny Paycheck. Adams is part of a legendary family of country music singers and musicians. One of ten descendants of Frank Adams who himself, along with his brothers were radio and recording artists in the 1930s and 40s. Don Adams enjoyed moderate success as a solo artist recording on the Atlantic, Musicor, Jack O' Diamonds and Big D labels in","title":"Don Adams (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"19408956","text":"Don Adams (country singer) Don Adams (Greenfield, Ohio) is an American country music singer, who often supported George Jones such as on Live at Dancetown U.S.A. (1965) He also sang with Johnny Paycheck. Adams is part of a legendary family of country music singers and musicians. One of ten descendants of Frank Adams who himself, along with his brothers were radio and recording artists in the 1930s and 40s. Don Adams enjoyed moderate success as a solo artist recording on the Atlantic, Musicor, Jack O' Diamonds and Big D labels in the 1960s and 70s. He was most well known","title":"Don Adams (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"8366913","text":"of the song featuring footage from concerts. 2 Become 1 (Jewel song) \"2 Become 1\" is a song by American pop singer–songwriter Jewel from her fourth studio album, \"0304\" (2003). Written by Jewel and Guy Chambers and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez (who co-wrote and co-produced \"0304\"s two previous singles, \"Intuition\" and \"Stand\"), the song was released as the album's third and final single in December 2003. It failed to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and all other \"Billboard\" charts except for the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks, where it peaked at number thirty-three in late January 2004.","title":"2 Become 1 (Jewel song)"},{"psg_id":"8366909","text":"2 Become 1 (Jewel song) \"2 Become 1\" is a song by American pop singer–songwriter Jewel from her fourth studio album, \"0304\" (2003). Written by Jewel and Guy Chambers and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez (who co-wrote and co-produced \"0304\"s two previous singles, \"Intuition\" and \"Stand\"), the song was released as the album's third and final single in December 2003. It failed to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and all other \"Billboard\" charts except for the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks, where it peaked at number thirty-three in late January 2004. The single also charted moderately in Australia","title":"2 Become 1 (Jewel song)"},{"psg_id":"9760422","text":"first degree felony carrying the death penalty as the maximum punishment. The legislation was not passed after President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf made it clear she would not sign any such bill. Jewel Taylor Jewel Cianeh Howard Taylor (born January 17, 1963) is a Liberian politician and the current Vice President of Liberia. She was married to President Charles Taylor (whom she married in 1997, but later divorced in 2006) and was First Lady of Liberia during his presidency. In 2005, Jewel Taylor was elected to the Senate of Liberia in Bong County as a member of the National Patriotic Party.","title":"Jewel Taylor"},{"psg_id":"17703741","text":"Judy Martin (singer) Eva Alaine Overstake (July 23, 1917 - November 17, 1951), professionally known as Judy Martin, was an American country music singer, performing from the early 1930s to the late 40s on the WLS-AM's \"National Barn Dance\" in Chicago. She was the second wife of Country Music Hall of Fame member Red Foley and is the grandmother of Christian country music singer Debby Boone. Overstake was born in Decatur, IL, the third of six children of Herschel Jewel Overstake (1894-1936) and Helen Elizabeth Nalefski (1897-1988). When Eva was 12 years old her father arranged for her and her","title":"Judy Martin (singer)"},{"psg_id":"14530676","text":"Satisfied (Jewel song) \"Satisfied\" is a song performed by American recording artist Jewel, taken from her second country album, \"Sweet and Wild\". It was released in May 2010, as the second single from the album, which was released on June 8, 2010 via Valory Music Group. Written by Jewel herself and Liz Rose and produced by Nathan Chapman, the song is a country ballad, that advises people to declare for the one their love. It received favorable reviews from music critics and received a Grammy Nomination on the Best Country Vocal Performance, Female. The song was a very minor hit","title":"Satisfied (Jewel song)"},{"psg_id":"20978332","text":"Asiedu Nketia, former Organiser of the NDC, Yaw Boateng Gyan and Kofi Totobi-Quakyi. Upon his death Rawlings tweeted,\"“You made a significant contribution to the Ghanaian music industry…Your danceable tunes are immortalised in the NDC, helping to catapult its name across the country. Ghana has indeed lost a jewel. Fare thee well Jewel Ackah. Sincere sympathies to the family.”\" Rawlings further noted at the burial service that \"“Ghana has always been and will always be a country worth dying for”, describing Ackah “as an extremely principled’ person who “wouldn’t have joined us and been such a great inspirer as he turned","title":"Jewel Ackah"},{"psg_id":"12350546","text":"films. Powell, who had recently married Carole Lombard, did not want to do the film initially, but gave in because he saw the role as an amusing one. \"The New York Times\" gave the film a lukewarm review, calling it a \"nervous, brittle comedy\", placing the blame on Kay Francis (\"her performance is one in which her usual intelligence and sincerity are strangely absent\"). Jewel Robbery Jewel Robbery is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy-mystery film, directed by William Dieterle and starring William Powell and Kay Francis. It is based on the 1931 Hungarian play \"Ekszerrablás a Váci-uccában\" by Ladislas Fodor","title":"Jewel Robbery"},{"psg_id":"11360755","text":"Iqbal Asif Jewel Iqbal Asif Jewel () is a Bangladeshi singer, songwriter, guitarist, and producer. He is currently a member of the band Miles. Iqbal's first band was \"Legend\", whose first album was \"Onnobhubon\". After the rest of the band left to continue their academic studies, he joined Warfaze, a hard rock band that was one of the first Bangladeshi rock bands to incorporate elements of heavy metal and progressive metal/progressive rock in its songs. In 1999, Jewel joined Miles, a rock band formed in 1979. As a solo artist, Jewel has released several albums including an instrumental fusion-rock album","title":"Iqbal Asif Jewel"},{"psg_id":"9198930","text":"who came to the family house with his company. Soon afterwards a circus party came to a nearby village. he was invited to America by the Society of American Magicians to perform a show. Jewel Aich Jewel Aich is a Bangladeshi magician and bansuri player. He is a veteran of the 1971 Bangladesh liberation war that culminated in the birth of his country. He has been called Bangladesh's leading magician. Aich was born in Pirojpur, a southern district of Bangladesh. He was the fifth of nine children in his family. He was fascinated by the art of magic from a","title":"Jewel Aich"},{"psg_id":"3661074","text":"Bampton Classical Opera in 2006 for the 250th anniversary of Mozart's birth. Four characters from the commedia dell'arte (Dottore, Pantalone, Colombina and Pedrolino) open the opera with a quartet. There is no more music, so the Dottore summons the Composer, who, with the aid of a singer of tragic music and his own father, gradually works out how the opera should go. The opera ends with an epilogue sung by the Composer. The Jewel Box The Jewel Box is a pasticcio opera constructed by Paul Griffiths out of various pieces by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Its mostly English libretto by Paul","title":"The Jewel Box"},{"psg_id":"8366888","text":"mixes for its final release. The music video for the single was directed by Chris Applebaum. It shows Jewel and some of the events described throughout the song's lyrics. US CD single US CD maxi single European CD single Stand (Jewel song) \"Stand\" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Jewel from her fourth studio album, \"0304\" (2003). Written and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez, and released as the album's second single in October 2003 in the United States and later on internationally, the single failed to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It reached number sixteen on the","title":"Stand (Jewel song)"},{"psg_id":"8189019","text":"Intuition (Jewel song) \"Intuition\" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Jewel. It was released in May 2003 as the lead single from her fourth studio album, \"0304\". The song was written and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez. Following the club success of \"Serve the Ego\", Jewel moved to a more pop-oriented sound with the release of \"Intuition\". The song, which strays from her usual folk style with simple acoustic guitar instrumentation, starts off with a French accordion and then experiments with dance-oriented beats with subtle urban influences, using synthesizers. The song achieved moderate success in the United States,","title":"Intuition (Jewel song)"},{"psg_id":"16004400","text":"Auto V\" soundtrack and the player can listen to it on Radio Mirror Park. Gonzalez left Secret Canadian and recorded her third album, \"Liquid Cool\", which was released in June 2016 on her own label, \"Gloriette\". Nite Jewel Ramona Gonzalez (known professionally as Nite Jewel) is an American singer-songwriter from Los Angeles, California. Ramona Gonzalez began as Nite Jewel in 2008 as the result of her juggling music with undergraduate studies. She cites artists such as Janet Jackson and Mariah Carey as her musical inspirations. With assistance from her husband, Cole M.G.N., she created songs on a portable eight-track cassette","title":"Nite Jewel"},{"psg_id":"7580271","text":"America. Jewel discography The discography of Jewel, an American singer-songwriter, consists of 12 studio albums, four compilation albums, 33 singles and five video albums. She debuted in 1995 after signing with Atlantic Records. Jewel's debut album, \"Pieces of You\" was issued in February 1995. Although it was initially not successful, the lead single, \"Who Will Save Your Soul\" eventually reached No. 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, pressing the album to later sell over twelve million copies. In addition, \"You Were Meant for Me\" and \"Foolish Games\" each became Top 10 hits on the same \"Billboard\" chart. Her second album","title":"Jewel discography"},{"psg_id":"7580268","text":"Jewel discography The discography of Jewel, an American singer-songwriter, consists of 12 studio albums, four compilation albums, 33 singles and five video albums. She debuted in 1995 after signing with Atlantic Records. Jewel's debut album, \"Pieces of You\" was issued in February 1995. Although it was initially not successful, the lead single, \"Who Will Save Your Soul\" eventually reached No. 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, pressing the album to later sell over twelve million copies. In addition, \"You Were Meant for Me\" and \"Foolish Games\" each became Top 10 hits on the same \"Billboard\" chart. Her second album \"Spirit\"","title":"Jewel discography"},{"psg_id":"14488898","text":"Mississippi Slim (country singer) Carvel Lee Ausborn (September 24, 1923 - December 1973), better known by his stage name, Mississippi Slim, was a hillbilly singer who had a radio show on Tupelo's WELO during the later 1940s. Ausborn was born in Smithville, Mississippi. According to Peter Guralnick, he had taken up guitar at the age of 13 to pursue a career in music. He was inspired by Jimmie Rodgers, Hank Williams, Ernest Tubb and Ausborn's cousin Rod Brasfield, a then prominent country comedian who toured with Hank Williams. Slim travelled all over the country with Goober and His Kentuckians and","title":"Mississippi Slim (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394674","text":"\"of a casual nature\") to which Jewel responded, \"You're a smartass for pointing that out. Next topic.\" In the fall of 1998, the poet Beau Sia composed a book-length response to \"A Night Without Armor\" that he titled \"A Night Without Armor II: The Revenge.\" The reviewer Edna Gundersen, writing in \"USA Today,\" noted, \"Hers is flowery and sensitive. His is wry and absurd.\" Jewel's second studio album, which she titled \"Spirit,\" was released on November 17, 1998. The album debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200 with 368,000 copies sold in its first week. It eventually sold 3.7","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394680","text":"No. 8 on the Billboard Albums Chart and sold 82,000 copies in its first week. The lead single \"Again and Again\" had success on Adult Top 40 Radio, peaking at No. 16. The second single \"Good Day\" was released to radio in late June and peaked at No. 30 on the Adult Pop Songs charts. In the album's liner notes, Jewel addressed her audience in a personal letter, writing: \"\"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\" is the story of my life and is the most autobiographical album I have made since \"Pieces of You\"... By the end of the 13th song, if","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"16004397","text":"Nite Jewel Ramona Gonzalez (known professionally as Nite Jewel) is an American singer-songwriter from Los Angeles, California. Ramona Gonzalez began as Nite Jewel in 2008 as the result of her juggling music with undergraduate studies. She cites artists such as Janet Jackson and Mariah Carey as her musical inspirations. With assistance from her husband, Cole M.G.N., she created songs on a portable eight-track cassette recorder. She stated that \"moments of ecstasy, emotion, and hardship\" were her inspiration for those recordings. in 2009 she released the album \"Good Evening\". Soon after starting her MySpace music page, her song, \"Suburbia\" was selected","title":"Nite Jewel"},{"psg_id":"14260639","text":"Ruby Wright (country singer) Ruby Wright (October 27, 1939 – September 27, 2009) was an American country music singer-songwriter. Wright was the daughter of country singers Kitty Wells and Johnnie Wright. She sang with her parents as a young girl and at age 13, was signed by RCA Records as Ruby Wells because there was also a Ruby Wright who was a pop singer. In the mid-1950s, she became part of an all-girl trio, Nita, Rita and Ruby. The Nita of the trio was Anita Carter of the well-known Carter Family. Working with Chet Atkins, the young singers enjoyed some","title":"Ruby Wright (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394693","text":"following year, in November 2016, she unveiled an online \"emotional fitness\" platform called \"Never Broken\", which features mental \"wellness\" exercises Jewel claims to have used throughout her life to deal with anxiety and other emotional distress. Commenting on the new platform, she said: \"I love music, but my energy isn’t there right now... This is my ability to say, ‘I have an authentic offering in another category besides music that’s in line with the messaging I’ve always done.'\" She also expressed interest in developing the platform further and introducing it to companies to help shape their corporate culture. In 2017,","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394679","text":"two out of five stars, writing: \"It's difficult to decide whether Kilcher's new image is a 180-degree career shift or simply a particularly elaborate attempt to get into \"Private Eye\"s Warballs column. Either way, it's the most dramatic image overhaul you're ever likely to see, unless Holly Valance decides to start taking the stage in a donkey jacket and Doc Martens and covering The Pop Group's \"For How Much Longer Will We Tolerate Mass Murder?\"\" On May 2, 2006, Jewel released her sixth studio album, \"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\". The album received mixed reviews, but still managed to debut at","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"14530681","text":"2010. In the video, Jewel performs the song on the stage of empty War Memorial Auditorium in Nashville, Tennessee. As the video progresses, people begin to enter the auditorium, and gradually become happier after listening to the song's uplifting message. \"Satisfied\" debuted at number 59 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of June 19, 2010, and reached a peak position of number 57 in its second chart week. Satisfied (Jewel song) \"Satisfied\" is a song performed by American recording artist Jewel, taken from her second country album, \"Sweet and Wild\". It was released in May","title":"Satisfied (Jewel song)"},{"psg_id":"1394694","text":"she returned to acting, appearing in two television mystery films on the Hallmark Channel: \"Framed for Murder: A Fixer Upper Mystery\", and \"Concrete Evidence: A Fixer Upper Mystery\", both in which she plays the character Shannon Hughes, a contractor and investigator. Jewel is a soprano. Caitlin Gibson of \"The Washington Post\" described Jewel's vocal versatility, stating that \"she can summon many voices — deep and powerful, girlish and sweet, piercing and agile.\" Gibson also commented about Jewel's debut; \"In an era still gripped by grunge, [she] climbed to the top of the pop charts with sweet, simple folk tunes\". Her","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394681","text":"you have listened closely, you will have heard the story of the sirens song that seduced me, of a path I both followed and led, of bizarre twists and turns that opened my eyes, forcing me to find solutions so that discovering the truth would not lead to a loss of hope.\" CMT music critic Timothy Duggan praised the \"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\", writing: \"This album showcases Jewel's unique talent as a lyricist, alongside a definite growth in her musicianship. It is what \"Pieces of You\" might have been had Jewel had the musical knowledge then that she has now.","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394676","text":"for, quite simply, performing her character in a convincing and unmannered way. She is an actress here, not a pop star trying out a new hobby.\" In November 1999, Jewel released \".\" The album sold over a million copies and peaked at No. 32 on the \"Billboard\" 200. She released a cover of \"Joy to the World\" from the album as a single. In 2000, she completed an autobiography titled \"Chasing Down the Dawn,\" a collection of diary entries and musings detailing her life growing up in Alaska, her struggle to learn her craft, and life on the road. In","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"16084643","text":"Maxine Brown (country singer) Maxine Brown (born April 27, 1932)-(September 30, 2018) is an American country music singer who was originally a member of the successful 1950s trio the Browns, before a brief solo career. Brown was born in Campti, Louisiana to Floyd and Birdie Brown. While still a toddler, her family moved to a farm near Sparkman, Arkansas. Encouraged by her parents, she began singing and performing at local venues. Brown signed a recording contract in 1954 with RCA Records as half of a duo with younger brother Jim Ed Brown. Their humorous song \"Looking Back to See\" was","title":"Maxine Brown (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"8366886","text":"Stand (Jewel song) \"Stand\" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Jewel from her fourth studio album, \"0304\" (2003). Written and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez, and released as the album's second single in October 2003 in the United States and later on internationally, the single failed to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It reached number sixteen on the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart, and also became Jewel's third consecutive chart-topper on the Hot Dance Club Play. \"Stand\" was written and produced by Kilcher and Lester Mendez. Todd Burns from Stylus Magazine wrote that \"It is a strong","title":"Stand (Jewel song)"},{"psg_id":"20482207","text":"to her first husband in 1998 and divorced in 2008. She married her second husband in 2013 and remained married until her death. After meeting Archie Comics artist Dan Parent, Katyal was the basis for the first Archie character to have a disability in 2014. The following year, Katyal took part in the 2015 Pan American Games opening ceremony. In 2017, Loving Healing Press created the Jewel Kats Special Needs Award to honor the memory of Jewel Kats. The contest is administered by Reader Views and entrants must submit books that features a story about a child overcoming a mental","title":"Jewel Kats"},{"psg_id":"8189026","text":"quality. The original video was later censored, after a lawsuit by Nike for using the swoosh symbol without permission. In part of the video, a fake \"TRL\" ticker tape reads \"Jewel's music sounds much better now that she's dancing!\" Jewel noted that the video was supposed to be \"ironic and funny,\" but she felt that the video was misunderstood and that \"nobody got it.\" US CD single US CD maxi single European CD single European CD maxi single UK CD single Australian CD single Intuition (Jewel song) \"Intuition\" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Jewel. It was released in","title":"Intuition (Jewel song)"},{"psg_id":"4375616","text":"My Life\". His star power faded in the early 1980s with changing musical tastes, although his biggest songs were popular on country radio through the late 1980s and early 1990s. Duncan died of a heart attack on August 14, 2006, at the age of 67. Duncan has three daughters with his first wife, Betty Deisher, and one son with wife Connie Duncan, who survives him. Johnny Duncan (country singer) Johnny Richard Duncan (October 5, 1938 – August 14, 2006) was an American country singer, best known for a string of hits in the mid- to late 1970s. In his career,","title":"Johnny Duncan (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"7580270","text":"major hit. In May 2006, her sixth album entitled \"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\" was released, reaching No. 8 in the United States. Its sound was a departure from \"0304\", as it sound contained more elements that had originated in her debut album. Working with the country band, Big and Rich, Jewel issued her first country album in June 2008 titled \"Perfectly Clear.\" The release reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart and spawned the major country hit, \"Stronger Woman\". Jewel has sold over 18.5 million records in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of","title":"Jewel discography"},{"psg_id":"15859863","text":"Band. In 2013, Brown was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the 'Koko Taylor Award (Traditional Blues Female)' category. With Louis Armstrong With Arnett Cobb There is also a DVD with her and Louis Armstrong in former East Germany. The DVD dates back to 1965 and also mentioned that the tour visit more countries in East Europe that time. But there is one discrepancy, on the DVD inlay, she is called June Brown, but I think it is the same artist. Jewel Brown Jewel Brown (born August 30, 1937) is an American jazz and blues singer. She is primarily","title":"Jewel Brown"},{"psg_id":"15859861","text":"Jewel Brown Jewel Brown (born August 30, 1937) is an American jazz and blues singer. She is primarily known for her work in the 1950s and 1960s. Before a retirement period she was part of Louis Armstrong's ensemble. She is currently part of the Heritage Hall Jazz Band. Her first professional performance was at the age of 12 in the Manhattan Club in Galveston, Texas. Before she graduated from high school, Lionel Hampton offered the opportunity to tour professionally in Europe. She graduated from Jack Yates High School. In 1957, on a vacation to Los Angeles, California, she sat in","title":"Jewel Brown"},{"psg_id":"18807017","text":"Dynasty Chinese monk Xuansha Shibei, who wrote that \"the ten-direction world is one bright jewel\". His phrase is in turn an adaptation of the earlier writings of Guifeng Zongmi mentioned above. Mani Jewel A Mani Jewel () refers to any of various jewels mentioned in Buddhist literature as either metaphors for several concepts in Buddhist philosophy or as mythical relics. The word \"mani\" is simply Sanskrit and Pali for \"jewel\", so the phrase \"Mani Jewel\" is in one sense redundant. However, the Mani Jewel metaphors were significantly expanded in Chinese language texts in which it was also called by essentially","title":"Mani Jewel"},{"psg_id":"18462932","text":"Markos Papadatos of \"Digital Journal\" gave the song four stars out of five, writing that \"Lee's vocals on 'She Does' are rich, sultry and polished, where the listener can easily recall country singer-songwriters Will Hoge and James Otto.\" The song also received a favorable review from \"Taste of Country\", which called it \"a country love song that stands out from so many others on the radio\" and said that \"Lee is a pure country vocalist who will attract both fans of traditional country and fans of a slicker sound.\" \"She Does\" was the most added song at country radio the","title":"Jackie Lee (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"14260834","text":"Artists. Lewis earned the title \"The Boy with the Lute,\" being perhaps the only country singer to use this instrument, which is actually a custom 6-string guitar-lute. Lewis's lute is very similar to a standard acoustic guitar, but not without some tonal differences. Lewis is probably the only artist in country music who plays a lute at live performances and in the recording studio. Lewis was inducted to the Atlanta Country Music Hall Of Fame on November 29, 2014. Lewis became a member of the Grand Ole Opry and continues to perform and record new material. Lewis's recent studio albums","title":"Bobby Lewis (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"16860365","text":"star she’s married to instead of the fiancé she thought was her perfect match. I Married Who? I Married Who? (also called Always a Bride) is a 2012 American made-for-television comedy film starred Kellie Martin as Jordan and Ethan Erickson as Matt. Directed by Kevin Connor, it originally aired on Hallmark Channel on October 20, 2012. Straight-laced Jordan is about to marry her perfect match, Peter a clean-cut ambitious attorney. Before she walks down the aisle, Jordan and her best friends, Claire and Jessica, head to Vegas for a bachelorette party. Determined to get Jordan to loosen up, Claire steers","title":"I Married Who?"},{"psg_id":"3058505","text":"Jewel bearing A jewel bearing is a plain bearing in which a metal spindle turns in a jewel-lined pivot hole. The hole is typically shaped like a torus and is slightly larger than the shaft diameter. The jewel material is usually synthetic sapphire or ruby (corundum). Jewel bearings are used in precision instruments where low friction, long life, and dimensional accuracy are important. Their largest use is in mechanical watches. Jewel bearings were invented in 1704 for use in watches by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier, Peter Debaufre, and Jacob Debaufre, who received an English patent for the idea. Originally natural","title":"Jewel bearing"},{"psg_id":"13386858","text":"additional lyrics. Jewel (Marcella Detroit album) Jewel is the second studio album by American singer Marcella Detroit, and her first since leaving band Shakespears Sister. It was released in March 1994 under London Records to moderate commercial success. Aaron Badgley from Allmusic gave the album a retrospective mixed review, saying \"The CD sounds formulaic and overproduced by Chris Thomas. He seems to steer Marcella into mid-'90s dance grooves, which does not always fit her own distinctive sound ... When she is left alone and not \"produced,\" the results are stunning.\" Johnny Huston of Entertainment Weekly also gave \"Jewel\" a mixed","title":"Jewel (Marcella Detroit album)"},{"psg_id":"13386855","text":"Jewel (Marcella Detroit album) Jewel is the second studio album by American singer Marcella Detroit, and her first since leaving band Shakespears Sister. It was released in March 1994 under London Records to moderate commercial success. Aaron Badgley from Allmusic gave the album a retrospective mixed review, saying \"The CD sounds formulaic and overproduced by Chris Thomas. He seems to steer Marcella into mid-'90s dance grooves, which does not always fit her own distinctive sound ... When she is left alone and not \"produced,\" the results are stunning.\" Johnny Huston of Entertainment Weekly also gave \"Jewel\" a mixed review, stating","title":"Jewel (Marcella Detroit album)"},{"psg_id":"1394678","text":"100. Within two months of its release, the album had sold over 350,000 in the United States. The shift in musical style on \"0304\" was noted by several critics, with \"People\" deeming it \"an extreme musical makeover.\" In response, Jewel commented that she had been inspired to make a more upbeat-sounding record in light of the Iraq War: \"I knew we were headed to war [at the time]... The music that has always done well during wartime has always been music that makes you want to escape.\" In his review of the album, Alexis Petridis of \"The Guardian\" awarded it","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"14519122","text":"Evening Jewel Evening Jewel (foaled February 26, 2007 in California) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse by Northern Afleet out of Jewel of the Night, by Giant's Causeway. Northern Afleet is also the sire of 2005 Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes winner Afleet Alex. Evening Jewel was bred by Betty L. Mabee and her son Larry Mabee and is trained by James M. Cassidy and owned by the Braly Family Trust. Evening Jewel's dam, Jewel of the Night, is a daughter of Jeweled Lady (General Meeting-Excellent Lady), who is a full sister to Grade 1 winner General Challenge and listed stakes","title":"Evening Jewel"},{"psg_id":"14260835","text":"were released by Heart Of Texas music, an independent classic country label which records new albums and hosts package concerts and tours showcasing classic country artists from yesterday and today. Bobby Lewis (country singer) Bobby Lewis (born May 9, 1942 in Hodgenville, Kentucky) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Between 1963 and 1985, Lewis released ten albums and charted more than twenty-five songs on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. His biggest hit, \"How Long Has It Been,\" peaked at Number 6 in 1966. Lewis released a whopping 26 Country charted singles from 1966 to 1985, with 14 for United","title":"Bobby Lewis (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"13434145","text":"Jewel of the South Jewel of the South is the title of the ninth studio album released by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. Released in 1995 (see 1995 in country music), It was his second as well as his last album under the MCA Records label. Like its predecessor, It failed to chart on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. Only one track \"Please Remember Me\" was released as a single where it reached #69 on the Hot Country Songs chart. Tim McGraw would release a successful cover of the song in from his 1999 album \"A Place in","title":"Jewel of the South"},{"psg_id":"18254202","text":"John King (country singer) John King is an American country music singer and songwriter. King was born and raised in Demorest, Georgia. He worked construction jobs as a teenager and was heavily influenced by Country, Rock and Southern rock artists. King later graduated from University of Georgia before signing his first record deal with Black River Entertainment (2014-2016). His debut single, \"Tonight Tonight\", was released in mid-2014 and featured on the NFL's Thursday Night Football on CBS. Taste of Country reviewed it favorably, saying that it is \"a great hook over a strong beat, all built sturdy country voice. King","title":"John King (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"16240927","text":"Negrov's illegitimate daughter Lyubov. In part two Krutsifersky and Lyubov are happily married with a child. Their happiness is destroyed when a rich young landowner named Beltov becomes a friend of the family and begins an illicit relationship with Lyubov. Beltov ends up departing Russia for Europe, leaving the young couple with a broken and hopeless marriage. Part one is a satire of the Russian landed gentry, showing their coarseness and pettiness. Part two introduces the type of the \"superfluous man\" in the person of Beltov. Who is to Blame? Who is to Blame? () is a novel by Alexander","title":"Who is to Blame?"},{"psg_id":"4075447","text":"200 with first week sales of 140,000 units. As of 2007, the album has sold over 1.5 million copies in the United States and has been certified platinum by the RIAA. \"This Way\" reached 6 in Australia and has since been certified platinum. All songs were written by Jewel Kilcher, except where noted. This Way (Jewel album) This Way is the third studio album by singer-songwriter Jewel, released in 2001, through Atlantic Records. She was looking for a raw, live-sounding album, leading her to be involved in the album's production. Singles included the hits \"Standing Still\" and \"Break Me\" as","title":"This Way (Jewel album)"},{"psg_id":"1394703","text":"from her. Jewel identifies as a feminist and has said: \"I don't think I started off young as a feminist. I read a lot of books in Alaska, I was pretty isolated where I grew up, and I think that I never thought I was any different than a man; I was raised in a place where pioneer women were very strong still. They'd shoe horses and build their own homes and were very self-sufficient. It wasn't really until I've gotten older that I really became a fan of women. And a fan of what women are capable of balancing","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394692","text":"a guest musician on Blues Traveler's album \"Blow Up the Moon\", co-writing the song \"Hearts Still Awake.\" On June 28, she revealed in a Q&A on Facebook that her upcoming album would be released in the second week of September of that year, and would feature a folk sound recorded with a live band. On July 21, Jewel confirmed the title as \"Picking Up the Pieces\". \"Picking Up the Pieces\" was released on September 11, 2015. Four days later, on September 15, she released her third book, a new memoir entitled \"Never Broken: Songs Are Only Half the Story\". The","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"1394668","text":"doing street performances and small gigs, mainly in Southern California. She gained recognition by singing at The Inner Change Cafe and Java Joe's in San Diego; she would later make her debut record at Java Joe's when it was in Poway, where she had worked as a barista. Her friend Steve Poltz's band, The Rugburns, played the same venues. She later collaborated with Poltz on some of her songs, including \"You Were Meant for Me\". (He also appeared in the song's second, better-known video.) The Rugburns opened for Jewel on her Tiny Lights tour in 1997. Poltz appeared in Jewel's","title":"Jewel (singer)"},{"psg_id":"10710903","text":"with The Monkees in the late 1960s and continued in the music business until the middle of the 1970s. Akens undertook more shows (2006-2011) with a new set of Dots, that consisted of Al Martin, Hurley D and songwriter and producer Richard Dickson. On March 1, 2013, Akens died from complications of back surgery, aged 79. He is survived by his wife, Eddie Mae. Jewel Akens Jewel Eugene Akens (September 12, 1933, Houston, Texas – March 1, 2013, Inglewood, California) was an American singer and record producer. He recorded with The Medallions on Dootone, with The Four Dots on Freedom,","title":"Jewel Akens"},{"psg_id":"15651254","text":"2016). Jason Jones (country singer) Jason Jones (born March 7, 1970 in Crawfordville, Florida) is an American country music singer. He is signed to Warner Bros. Records Nashville, and made his chart debut in May 2011 with the single \"Ferris Wheel\". The song is included on a six-song digital extended play, released on May 31. Jones said that he was introduced to country music while driving between Florida and Georgia. He formed a rock band in high school, and later dropped out of Florida State University to move to Nashville, Tennessee to begin his musical career. In Nashville, he joined","title":"Jason Jones (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"15651252","text":"Jason Jones (country singer) Jason Jones (born March 7, 1970 in Crawfordville, Florida) is an American country music singer. He is signed to Warner Bros. Records Nashville, and made his chart debut in May 2011 with the single \"Ferris Wheel\". The song is included on a six-song digital extended play, released on May 31. Jones said that he was introduced to country music while driving between Florida and Georgia. He formed a rock band in high school, and later dropped out of Florida State University to move to Nashville, Tennessee to begin his musical career. In Nashville, he joined a","title":"Jason Jones (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"10004008","text":"found limited success in New South Wales against long-time incumbent Franklins, Jewel entered Victoria a few years before Franklins and found more success there. In the early 1990s, Jewel launched Jewel Country Fresh in response to Franklins and BI-LO launching market-style full-line discount supermarkets. Jewel also acquired the Rainbow supermarket in Doonside, Western Sydney. These formats carried not only dry groceries and frozen foods, but also fresh foods in a market-style environment. In 1995, Jewel Food Stores Pty Ltd was acquired by Davids Holdings (which later became Metcash Trading Ltd. In 1998 Davids sold its chain of 130 Jewel supermarkets","title":"Jewel Food Stores (Australia)"},{"psg_id":"3446680","text":"Jimmie Rodgers (country singer) James Charles Rodgers (September 8, 1897 – May 26, 1933), professionally known as Jimmie Rodgers, was an American country, blues and folk singer, songwriter and musician in the early 20th century, known most widely for his rhythmic yodeling. Rodgers, along with his contemporaries the Carter Family, was among the first country music stars, cited as an inspiration by many artists and an inductee into numerous halls of fame. Rodgers was also known as \"The Singing Brakeman\", \"The Blue Yodeler\", and \"The Father of Country Music\". According to tradition, Rodgers' birthplace is usually listed as Meridian, Mississippi;","title":"Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"14260833","text":"Bobby Lewis (country singer) Bobby Lewis (born May 9, 1942 in Hodgenville, Kentucky) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Between 1963 and 1985, Lewis released ten albums and charted more than twenty-five songs on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. His biggest hit, \"How Long Has It Been,\" peaked at Number 6 in 1966. Lewis released a whopping 26 Country charted singles from 1966 to 1985, with 14 for United Artists, 5 for Ace Of Hearts, two with GRT, 3 for RPA, 2 for Capricorn and one each for HME. Lewis also released a total of 9 albums with United","title":"Bobby Lewis (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"11910755","text":"Who Says God Is Dead! Who Says God Is Dead! is the tenth studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn. It was released on February 5, 1968, by Decca Records. This is Lynn's second Gospel album, following 1965's \"Hymns\". In the issue dated February 17, 1968, \"Billboard\" magazine published a review of the album, saying, \"The darling of the country music field has produced another beautiful religious LP. Her understanding and perception on \"Who Says God Is Dead\" is convincing. She's also great on \"I Believe\", \"In the Garden\", and \"The Old Rugged Cross\".\" There were no singles","title":"Who Says God Is Dead!"},{"psg_id":"16860363","text":"I Married Who? I Married Who? (also called Always a Bride) is a 2012 American made-for-television comedy film starred Kellie Martin as Jordan and Ethan Erickson as Matt. Directed by Kevin Connor, it originally aired on Hallmark Channel on October 20, 2012. Straight-laced Jordan is about to marry her perfect match, Peter a clean-cut ambitious attorney. Before she walks down the aisle, Jordan and her best friends, Claire and Jessica, head to Vegas for a bachelorette party. Determined to get Jordan to loosen up, Claire steers the girls to the hottest nightclub for a few drinks and some fun, because","title":"I Married Who?"},{"psg_id":"4075249","text":"Spirit (Jewel album) Spirit is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Jewel, released in 1998 by Atlantic Records. Singles include \"Hands\", \"Down So Long\", and a newly recorded version of \"Jupiter\", followed by a remix of \"What's Simple Is True\" to promote Jewel's debut film \"Ride with the Devil\". In addition, a one-track CD containing a live version of \"Life Uncommon\" was released to music stores in hopes to raise money and awareness for Habitat for Humanity. \"Spirit\" debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200 with 368,000 copies sold in its first week. It eventually sold 3.7 million","title":"Spirit (Jewel album)"},{"psg_id":"12398516","text":"Josh Logan (country singer) Josh Logan (born in Cartersville, Kentucky) is an American country music artist. He has recorded four albums, including one for the Curb Records label in 1988. This album, \"Somebody Paints the Wall\", included three chart singles, two of which were later released by other artists as well: the title track by Tracy Lawrence, and \"I Was Born with a Broken Heart\" by Aaron Tippin, who also co-wrote it. Logan released a second album, \"Something Strange\", in 1995, followed by \"Cartersville, Kentucky Country Boy\" in 2003. Josh Logan was born in Cartersville, Kentucky. As a teenager, he","title":"Josh Logan (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"4715961","text":"to the person who is not saved but who only acts righteous outwardly. If the latter is the case, it may represent something like the \"civil righteousness\" discussed in the \"Augsburg Confession\". Nevertheless, the third statement clearly evidences \"simul iustus et peccator\" and thus a \"totus homo\" anthropology. In this statement, Jewel is clearly referring to Christians. This is apparent when Jewel begins using first-person pronouns and when he says that no one is able to obey the law in this life (i.e., before glorification, when man will become unable to sin). Second, Jewel, like the early Protestants, maintains that","title":"John Jewel"},{"psg_id":"13434146","text":"the Sun\" which hit #1 in both the United States and Canada as well as reaching #10 on The Billboard Hot 100. All songs composed by Rodney Crowell except when noted Jewel of the South Jewel of the South is the title of the ninth studio album released by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. Released in 1995 (see 1995 in country music), It was his second as well as his last album under the MCA Records label. Like its predecessor, It failed to chart on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. Only one track \"Please Remember Me\" was released","title":"Jewel of the South"},{"psg_id":"13903544","text":"Careless Jewel Careless Jewel (foaled March 4, 2006, in Kentucky) is a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse. Careless Jewel is out of the mare Sweet and Careless, and was sired by Tapit, a son of Pulpit by A.P. Indy by Seattle Slew. Bred by Gainesway Thoroughbreds Ltd. & Bill Andrade, the filly was sold at the September 2007 Keeneland Yearling Sale for $40,000. She is owned by Verne Dubinsky of Alberta, Canada who races under the name Donver Stables, and is trained by Josie Carroll from a base at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto. Careless Jewel came to prominence on the racing scene","title":"Careless Jewel"},{"psg_id":"13622494","text":"government. Lansing was also the Democratic nominee for Treasurer of Oregon in 1976 and 1980, narrowly losing to Republican Clay Myers in both general elections. Lansing has published several books. Lansing is married and lives in southwest Portland with her husband, Ron. The couple raised two daughters, and a son. Jewel Lansing Jewel Beck Lansing (born c. 1930) is a writer and politician from Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. Lansing grew up in rural Montana. She received a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Montana and a master's degree in education from Stanford University. She moved","title":"Jewel Lansing"},{"psg_id":"17900770","text":"\"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart and number 67 on the \"Billboard\" 200. \"Rhythm and Whiskey\" debuted at No. 21 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and No. 4 on the Hot Country Albums chart, with 9,000 copies sold in the US the first week. Frank Foster (country singer) Frank Foster (born in Cypress Bottom, Louisiana) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Foster has released four independent albums: \"Rowdy Reputation\" in 2011, \"Red Wings and Six Strings\" in 2012, \"Southern Soul\" in 2013 and \"Rhythm and Whiskey\" in 2014. Each album has subsequently sold more than the last. Jonathan Widran of AllMusic gave","title":"Frank Foster (country singer)"},{"psg_id":"9198928","text":"Jewel Aich Jewel Aich is a Bangladeshi magician and bansuri player. He is a veteran of the 1971 Bangladesh liberation war that culminated in the birth of his country. He has been called Bangladesh's leading magician. Aich was born in Pirojpur, a southern district of Bangladesh. He was the fifth of nine children in his family. He was fascinated by the art of magic from a young age, and his interest continued to grow when a gypsy man performed some magic during a visit to Aich’s family home. Shortly thereafter, he encountered a circus performing in a nearby village, Aich","title":"Jewel Aich"},{"psg_id":"17904964","text":"that the film breathes life into the socioeconomic consideration it hopes to fight. Rome & Jewel Rome & Jewel is a 2006 hip-hop musical adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"Romeo and Juliet\" set in Los Angeles that deals with interracial love. The film stars Nate Parker as Rome and Lindsey Haun as Jewel. The 2008 re-release had modest box office results and mostly negative critical commentary. Compton-native Rome (Nate Parker) is the son of Reverend Q (Cleavant Derricks) and yearns for Jewel (Lindsey Haun), the daughter of Los Angeles Mayor Capps (John Rubinstein) who lives in Beverly Hills. Using reworked dialogue","title":"Rome & Jewel"},{"psg_id":"3248128","text":"actor Matt Anderson from 2003 to 2011. In May 2015, she became engaged to her boyfriend Charlie Ritchie. Later the same month, she announced she was pregnant with her first child, a boy. On December 9, 2015 she announced the birth of her son Wilder Cathcart Ritchie. She married Charlie Ritchie on July 23, 2016. Jewel Staite Jewel Belair Staite (born June 2, 1982) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Kaylee Frye in the Fox television series \"Firefly\" (2002–03) and its spin-off theatrical film \"Serenity\" (2005), and as Dr. Jennifer Keller on Sci-Fi Channel's science-fiction","title":"Jewel Staite"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394702\",\n \"text\": \"after nearly 6 years of marriage, Jewel announced on her website that she and Murray were divorcing. Jewel is the daughter of Atz Kilcher, who stars in the Discovery Channel show \\\"\\\". All three of her brothers live in Alaska. Her cousin is actress Q'orianka Kilcher who is best known for her role as Pocahontas opposite Colin Farrell and Christian Bale in director Terrence Malick's Academy Award-nominated motion picture \\\"The New World\\\" (2005). Jewel has been estranged from her mother (who also served as her business manager) since 2003; the singer has accused her mother of stealing millions of dollars\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394684\",\n \"text\": \"stated that she was no longer affiliated with a record label, confirming rumors that Atlantic Records had failed to renew her contract after the lackluster sales of her then-latest album. She also hinted that she would like to do a country album next. She worked with John Rich of Big & Rich fame, who said that she was \\\"probably one of the greatest American singer-songwriters we have had.\\\" He also said that \\\"every label in Nashville\\\" was talking to her at the time. In November 2007, Jewel was signed to Valory Records, a newly formed division of the independent Big\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394704\",\n \"text\": \"and achieving, by just being them.\\\" Co-headlining Opening act Cancelled Jewel (singer) Jewel Kilcher (born May 23, 1974), known mononymously as Jewel, is an American singer-songwriter, musician, producer, actress, author, and poet. She has received four Grammy Award nominations and, as of 2015, has sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Kilcher was raised in Homer, Alaska, where she grew up singing and yodeling as a duo with her father, a local musician. At age fifteen, she received a partial scholarship at the Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan, where she studied operatic voice. After graduating, she began writing and performing at\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394660\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel (singer) Jewel Kilcher (born May 23, 1974), known mononymously as Jewel, is an American singer-songwriter, musician, producer, actress, author, and poet. She has received four Grammy Award nominations and, as of 2015, has sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Kilcher was raised in Homer, Alaska, where she grew up singing and yodeling as a duo with her father, a local musician. At age fifteen, she received a partial scholarship at the Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan, where she studied operatic voice. After graduating, she began writing and performing at clubs and coffeehouses in San Diego, California. Based on local\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394670\",\n \"text\": \"means to record any of her own music. Vainshtein, who at the time was working as a film executive at Paramount, eventually became her manager and was instrumental in creating a major bidding war that led to her deal with Atlantic Records. She continued to manage Jewel until the end of the first album cycle. Her debut album \\\"Pieces of You\\\" was released under the eponym of Jewel, in 1995 when she was 21 years old. Recorded in a studio on singer Neil Young's ranch, it included Young's backing band, The Stray Gators, who played on his \\\"Harvest\\\" and \\\"Harvest\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394688\",\n \"text\": \"Last\\\" with R&B singer Tyrese in conjunction with the release of his comic book \\\"Mayhem!\\\". It was intended to be used for the soundtrack to \\\"\\\" but did not appear on the final track listing. In January 2010 Jewel released \\\"Stay Here Forever\\\" from the soundtrack to the film \\\"Valentine's Day\\\". It also served as the lead-off single to Jewel's ninth studio album \\\"Sweet and Wild\\\" released on June 8, 2010. The single debuted at No. 48 on the Hot Country Songs chart and reached No. 34 in May 2010. \\\"Satisfied\\\" was released as the album's second single on May\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394696\",\n \"text\": \"reveal much character.\\\" \\\"Perfectly Clear\\\" (2008) was influenced by her appreciation for country music, while \\\"Picking Up The Pieces\\\" (2015) saw Jewel \\\"going back to [her] folk/American roots that [she] began with.\\\" Owning a wide variety of Taylor Guitars, Jewel uses a Taylor 912-C most often. \\\"Acoustic Guitar\\\" writer Jeffery Pepper Rodgers called the guitar her \\\"steady companion\\\". All of her guitars are strung with D'Addario products. To strum, she employs a unique self-created fingerpicking technique or a hard pick. Jewel formed a nonprofit organization called Higher Ground for Humanity with her mother, Lenedra J. Carroll, and her older brother,\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394662\",\n \"text\": \"followed by \\\"This Way\\\" (2001). In 2003, she released \\\"0304\\\", which marked a departure from her previous folk-oriented records, featuring electronic arrangements and elements of dance-pop. In 2008, she released \\\"Perfectly Clear\\\", her first country album; it debuted atop \\\"Billboard\\\"s Top Country Albums chart and featured three singles, \\\"Stronger Woman\\\", \\\"I Do\\\", and \\\"'Til It Feels Like Cheating\\\". Jewel released her first independent album, \\\"Lullaby\\\", in 2009. Jewel has also had endeavors in writing and acting; in 1998 she released a collection of poetry, and the following year appeared in a supporting role in Ang Lee's Western film \\\"Ride with\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394698\",\n \"text\": \"to Capitol Hill, urging Congress to pass the bipartisan Breast Cancer Patient Protection Act of 2005 (S 910/HR1849). The bill would ban the practice of \\\"drive-through\\\" mastectomies, when women are discharged from the hospital just hours after their surgeries. Jewel served as the honorary chairperson of the 2006 \\\"Help the Homeless Walk\\\" in Washington, D.C. In November 2008, Jewel began work on a project with several dozen singer-songwriters to write and auction their lyrics with donations benefiting her \\\"Project Clean Water\\\" charity. Many singers and songwriters besides herself have donated their written lyrics including Patrick Davis, Alabama's Randy Owen, John\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394689\",\n \"text\": \"17, 2010, reaching its highest peak of No. 57. On October 10, 2010, Jewel released the third single from \\\"Sweet and Wild\\\", \\\"Ten\\\". It made its debut on the Hot Country Songs Chart at No. 55 on the week of October 15, 2010, and peaked at No. 51 two weeks later. Jewel's second children's album, \\\"The Merry Goes 'Round\\\", was released in August 2011. Like 2009's \\\"Lullaby\\\", it is sold under the Fisher-Price brand. In June 2012, Jewel was cast in the lead role as June Carter Cash in the Lifetime original movie \\\"Ring of Fire\\\", opposite Matt Ross. Brian\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394683\",\n \"text\": \"Love\\\", the lead single from the movie \\\"Arthur and the Invisibles\\\", recorded in 2006; the song is only available on the soundtrack for the film, which was released in January 2007. In early February 2007 Jewel recorded a duet with Jason Michael Carroll, \\\"No Good in Goodbye\\\", that was featured on Carroll's debut CD, \\\"Waitin' in the Country\\\". She also made a promotional appearance on the T in Boston for the Verizon Yellow Pages, playing songs on a moving subway car and then doing an hour-long acoustic concert in South Station. In a 2007 interview with \\\"The Boston Globe\\\", Jewel\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394685\",\n \"text\": \"Machine Records label. Her first country album, \\\"Perfectly Clear\\\", was released on June 3, 2008, selling 48,000 units in its first week. It debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Country Album Chart and No. 8 on the Billboard 200 Album Chart. In its second week on the charts, the album dropped to No. 25 on the Billboard 200 and No. 5 on the Country Albums chart, with estimated second week sales of 75,000 units. Jewel made her second film appearance in a cameo, appearing as herself in the comedy film \\\"\\\", released in December 2007. Approximately a month later,\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394690\",\n \"text\": \"Lowry of \\\"Variety\\\" commended Jewel's live singing in the film, and noted: \\\"Jewel and Ross are convincing as the central couple, playing them over an extended span.\\\" On October 16, 2012, Jewel announced via Twitter a \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" album would be released in 2013. The album features new duets from Kelly Clarkson and the Pistol Annies. Jewel and Clarkson recorded a fresh rendition of Jewel's song \\\"Foolish Games\\\" while Jewel and the Pistol Annies recut \\\"You Were Meant for Me\\\". The \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" album was released February 5, 2013. On August 6, 2013, Jewel announced the release of her second\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10598101\",\n \"text\": \"The Twangtrust. Ray's father, Ray Kennedy, Sr., who was the credit manager for Sears, formed the concept for the Discover Card, which was launched in 1985. He is married to Siobhan Maher Kennedy. Ray Kennedy (country singer) Ray Kennedy (born May 13, 1954) is an American country music artist. He has recorded two albums for Atlantic Records. His two Atlantic albums produced a total of four singles on the Hot Country Songs charts, with 1991's \\\"What a Way to Go\\\" being his only top 40 country hit, peaking at No. 10. Born in the New York city of Buffalo, Kennedy\",\n \"title\": \"Ray Kennedy (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394700\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"I Don't Need a Man\\\", \\\"Superman (It's Not Easy)\\\" and \\\"Redneck Woman\\\". The highest bought lyrics being Jewel's signature song \\\"You Were Meant For Me\\\" sold for US$1,505, and \\\"Who Will Save Your Soul\\\" and \\\"Hands\\\", raising more than $1,005 each. Jewel promised that all items sold by December 18 would be delivered by Christmas. After the majority of the auctions ended on December 18 two new lyrics by Craig Wiseman and Ernie Ashworth were put up for auction ending in January 2009. In May 2013 Jewel served as ambassador for the ReThink: Why Housing Matters initiative. She was included\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394672\",\n \"text\": \"she maintained communication with her EA fans. On July 18 and 19, 1996, she gave a two-day concert known as \\\"JewelStock\\\" at the Bearsville Theatre. Jewel allowed the concert to be taped, and fans circulated the concert without profit. Jewel was chosen to sing the American national anthem at the opening of the Super Bowl XXXII in January 1998 in San Diego. She was introduced as \\\"San Diego's own Jewel!\\\" but criticized for lip syncing the anthem to a digitally-recorded track of her own voice. This was especially noticeable due to her missing her cue and not mouthing the first\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394697\",\n \"text\": \"Shane Kilcher. The organization's focus is education, sustainable improvements, and building alliances with like-minded organizations. Jewel donates a portion of her income to the organization and often holds events to benefit the organization. The organization tends to parallel Jewel's career since she provides the majority of the organization's funding. , the activities of the organization were reduced. One early grantee was the Global Youth Action Network, which has become one of the largest youth movements around the United Nations. In September 2006, as part of Lifetime's \\\"Stop Breast Cancer for Life\\\" campaign, Jewel delivered more than 12 million petition signatures\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394675\",\n \"text\": \"million units in the United States. Its lead single, \\\"Hands,\\\" peaked at number six on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Other singles followed, including a new version of \\\"Jupiter (Swallow the Moon),\\\" \\\"What's Simple Is True,\\\" which she meant to be the theme song to her upcoming movie, and the charity single \\\"Life Uncommon.\\\" Shortly after the release of \\\"Spirit,\\\" Jewel made her acting debut playing the character Sue Lee Shelley in Ang Lee's Western film \\\"Ride with the Devil\\\" (1999), opposite Tobey Maguire. The film received mixed-positive reviews, though critic Roger Ebert praised her performance, writing: \\\"Jewel deserves praise\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8366478\",\n \"text\": \"after the tragedy, on Tuesday, September 18, 2001, and performed this song instead of the previously scheduled \\\"Standing Still.\\\" This song is also used during Rachel's Challenge. In 2016, the song was covered by country singer Trisha Yearwood for the US version of the musical \\\"The Passion\\\". Hands (Jewel song) \\\"Hands\\\" is the first single released from Jewel Kilcher's second album, \\\"Spirit\\\" (1998). A \\\"Christmas version\\\" of the song appears on \\\".\\\" No commercial single was ever issued in the United States, and the singles that were issued internationally received the album version. The radio edit can be found only\",\n \"title\": \"Hands (Jewel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394687\",\n \"text\": \"in June 2009. In early 2009 it was announced that Jewel would release a new studio album titled \\\"Lullaby\\\", a collection of lullabies which she described as \\\"not just for children, but also adults\\\". Its lead single, \\\"Somewhere Over the Rainbow\\\", was released on iTunes on March 17, 2009. The album was released on May 5, 2009. \\\"Somewhere Over The Rainbow\\\" was No. 1 on The Top Children's Songs the week of release. Like 2011's \\\"The Merry Goes 'Round\\\", it is sold under the Fisher Price brand which Jewel described as \\\"a great partnership\\\". She also recorded the \\\"Make It\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394663\",\n \"text\": \"the Devil\\\" (1999) which earned her critical acclaim. Jewel was born May 23, 1974 in Payson, Utah, the second child of Attila Kuno \\\"Atz\\\" Kilcher and Lenedra Jewel Kilcher ( Carroll). At the time of her birth, her parents had been living in Utah with her elder brother, Shane; her father was attending Brigham Young University. She is a first cousin once removed of actress Q'orianka Kilcher. Her father, originally from Alaska, was a Mormon, though the family stopped attending The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints after her parents' divorce when she was eight years old. Her paternal\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394682\",\n \"text\": \"A very satisfying work, all in all.\\\" \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", however, called the album \\\"overdone and undercooked\\\" with a rating of 2 stars out of 5. To promote the album, a music video for \\\"Stephenville, TX\\\", Jewel's next single, was shown on \\\"Yahoo! Launch\\\". After a photo shoot at her Texas ranch, Jewel spontaneously decided to have photographer Kurt Markus shoot the music video for the song \\\"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\\\". According to an Atlantic Records press release, \\\"The homegrown clip beautifully reflects both the song's organic, intimate sound and its powerfully autobiographical story.\\\" Jewel released a video for \\\"Quest for\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394691\",\n \"text\": \"Christmas album, titled \\\"\\\", scheduled for release on November 12, 2013. In an interview with \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\", Jewel was quoted as saying \\\"I wanted this record to have a resemblance to the first album. It's a continuation of mood and spirit of that record, with the mood and feel of the album artwork with an image and tone that evokes that spirit.\\\" In February 2014, Jewel began work on her next album and confirmed that it will not be released by a major record label, and that she was producing it herself. In April 2015, she appeared as\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394677\",\n \"text\": \"November 2001, her fourth studio album, \\\"This Way,\\\" was released. The album peaked at No. 9 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and sold over 1.5 million copies in the U.S. A song from the album \\\"Standing Still\\\" hit the Top 30. Other singles released were \\\"Break Me,\\\" \\\"This Way,\\\" and \\\"Serve the Ego;\\\" this last gave Jewel her first number one club hit. In June 2003, Jewel released her fifth studio album, titled \\\"0304\\\". The album was promoted by its lead single, \\\"Intuition,\\\" which reached No. 5 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Adult Pop Songs chart and No. 20 on the Billboard Hot\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11360756\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"X Factor\\\", and a collaboration with long-time friends from other bands; \\\"Jewel with the Stars\\\". Jewel has also produced or mixed several albums, including Sumon's first solo album \\\"Shopno gulo tomar moto\\\", and Artcell's second studio album \\\"Aniket Prantor\\\". Jewel released a compilation album, \\\"Rock 101\\\", in December 2008. In 2009, Eid al-Fitr Jewel released the dual \\\"Rock 202\\\" and \\\"Rock 303\\\". Iqbal has two children - Eshan and Aarya. Iqbal Asif Jewel Iqbal Asif Jewel () is a Bangladeshi singer, songwriter, guitarist, and producer. He is currently a member of the band Miles. Iqbal's first band was \\\"Legend\\\", whose\",\n \"title\": \"Iqbal Asif Jewel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394671\",\n \"text\": \"Moon\\\" albums. Part of the album was recorded live at The Inner Change Cafe in San Diego, where she had risen to local fame. The album stayed on the Billboard 200 for two years, reaching number four at its peak. The album spawned the Top 10 hits \\\"You Were Meant for Me\\\", \\\"Who Will Save Your Soul\\\", and \\\"Foolish Games\\\". The album eventually sold over 12 million copies in the United States alone. In the late 1990s, Mike Connell created an electronic mailing list for fans, known as \\\"Everyday Angels\\\". Although Jewel herself does not subscribe to this mailing list,\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9760419\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel Taylor Jewel Cianeh Howard Taylor (born January 17, 1963) is a Liberian politician and the current Vice President of Liberia. She was married to President Charles Taylor (whom she married in 1997, but later divorced in 2006) and was First Lady of Liberia during his presidency. In 2005, Jewel Taylor was elected to the Senate of Liberia in Bong County as a member of the National Patriotic Party. She is the Chairperson of the Senate Health and Social Welfare Committee on Gender, Women and Children. While her husband was president, Taylor held a number of official posts in the\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10710901\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel Akens Jewel Eugene Akens (September 12, 1933, Houston, Texas – March 1, 2013, Inglewood, California) was an American singer and record producer. He recorded with The Medallions on Dootone, with The Four Dots on Freedom, and then with singer Eddie Daniels as \\\"Jewel and Eddie\\\" on the Silver Records label in 1960. A number of his recordings featured Eddie Cochran on guitar. He later went solo and recorded \\\"The Birds And The Bees\\\" in 1965, on the Era Records label. The single went to Number 3 in the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart that year, and Number 2 on the\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Akens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19408960\",\n \"text\": \"Adams \\\"On His Way\\\" album October 1973 Atlantic SF-7280 Don Adams (country singer) Don Adams (Greenfield, Ohio) is an American country music singer, who often supported George Jones such as on Live at Dancetown U.S.A. (1965) He also sang with Johnny Paycheck. Adams is part of a legendary family of country music singers and musicians. One of ten descendants of Frank Adams who himself, along with his brothers were radio and recording artists in the 1930s and 40s. Don Adams enjoyed moderate success as a solo artist recording on the Atlantic, Musicor, Jack O' Diamonds and Big D labels in\",\n \"title\": \"Don Adams (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19408956\",\n \"text\": \"Don Adams (country singer) Don Adams (Greenfield, Ohio) is an American country music singer, who often supported George Jones such as on Live at Dancetown U.S.A. (1965) He also sang with Johnny Paycheck. Adams is part of a legendary family of country music singers and musicians. One of ten descendants of Frank Adams who himself, along with his brothers were radio and recording artists in the 1930s and 40s. Don Adams enjoyed moderate success as a solo artist recording on the Atlantic, Musicor, Jack O' Diamonds and Big D labels in the 1960s and 70s. He was most well known\",\n \"title\": \"Don Adams (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8366913\",\n \"text\": \"of the song featuring footage from concerts. 2 Become 1 (Jewel song) \\\"2 Become 1\\\" is a song by American pop singer–songwriter Jewel from her fourth studio album, \\\"0304\\\" (2003). Written by Jewel and Guy Chambers and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez (who co-wrote and co-produced \\\"0304\\\"s two previous singles, \\\"Intuition\\\" and \\\"Stand\\\"), the song was released as the album's third and final single in December 2003. It failed to chart on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and all other \\\"Billboard\\\" charts except for the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks, where it peaked at number thirty-three in late January 2004.\",\n \"title\": \"2 Become 1 (Jewel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8366909\",\n \"text\": \"2 Become 1 (Jewel song) \\\"2 Become 1\\\" is a song by American pop singer–songwriter Jewel from her fourth studio album, \\\"0304\\\" (2003). Written by Jewel and Guy Chambers and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez (who co-wrote and co-produced \\\"0304\\\"s two previous singles, \\\"Intuition\\\" and \\\"Stand\\\"), the song was released as the album's third and final single in December 2003. It failed to chart on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and all other \\\"Billboard\\\" charts except for the Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks, where it peaked at number thirty-three in late January 2004. The single also charted moderately in Australia\",\n \"title\": \"2 Become 1 (Jewel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9760422\",\n \"text\": \"first degree felony carrying the death penalty as the maximum punishment. The legislation was not passed after President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf made it clear she would not sign any such bill. Jewel Taylor Jewel Cianeh Howard Taylor (born January 17, 1963) is a Liberian politician and the current Vice President of Liberia. She was married to President Charles Taylor (whom she married in 1997, but later divorced in 2006) and was First Lady of Liberia during his presidency. In 2005, Jewel Taylor was elected to the Senate of Liberia in Bong County as a member of the National Patriotic Party.\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Taylor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17703741\",\n \"text\": \"Judy Martin (singer) Eva Alaine Overstake (July 23, 1917 - November 17, 1951), professionally known as Judy Martin, was an American country music singer, performing from the early 1930s to the late 40s on the WLS-AM's \\\"National Barn Dance\\\" in Chicago. She was the second wife of Country Music Hall of Fame member Red Foley and is the grandmother of Christian country music singer Debby Boone. Overstake was born in Decatur, IL, the third of six children of Herschel Jewel Overstake (1894-1936) and Helen Elizabeth Nalefski (1897-1988). When Eva was 12 years old her father arranged for her and her\",\n \"title\": \"Judy Martin (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14530676\",\n \"text\": \"Satisfied (Jewel song) \\\"Satisfied\\\" is a song performed by American recording artist Jewel, taken from her second country album, \\\"Sweet and Wild\\\". It was released in May 2010, as the second single from the album, which was released on June 8, 2010 via Valory Music Group. Written by Jewel herself and Liz Rose and produced by Nathan Chapman, the song is a country ballad, that advises people to declare for the one their love. It received favorable reviews from music critics and received a Grammy Nomination on the Best Country Vocal Performance, Female. The song was a very minor hit\",\n \"title\": \"Satisfied (Jewel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20978332\",\n \"text\": \"Asiedu Nketia, former Organiser of the NDC, Yaw Boateng Gyan and Kofi Totobi-Quakyi. Upon his death Rawlings tweeted,\\\"“You made a significant contribution to the Ghanaian music industry…Your danceable tunes are immortalised in the NDC, helping to catapult its name across the country. Ghana has indeed lost a jewel. Fare thee well Jewel Ackah. Sincere sympathies to the family.”\\\" Rawlings further noted at the burial service that \\\"“Ghana has always been and will always be a country worth dying for”, describing Ackah “as an extremely principled’ person who “wouldn’t have joined us and been such a great inspirer as he turned\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Ackah\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12350546\",\n \"text\": \"films. Powell, who had recently married Carole Lombard, did not want to do the film initially, but gave in because he saw the role as an amusing one. \\\"The New York Times\\\" gave the film a lukewarm review, calling it a \\\"nervous, brittle comedy\\\", placing the blame on Kay Francis (\\\"her performance is one in which her usual intelligence and sincerity are strangely absent\\\"). Jewel Robbery Jewel Robbery is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy-mystery film, directed by William Dieterle and starring William Powell and Kay Francis. It is based on the 1931 Hungarian play \\\"Ekszerrablás a Váci-uccában\\\" by Ladislas Fodor\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Robbery\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11360755\",\n \"text\": \"Iqbal Asif Jewel Iqbal Asif Jewel () is a Bangladeshi singer, songwriter, guitarist, and producer. He is currently a member of the band Miles. Iqbal's first band was \\\"Legend\\\", whose first album was \\\"Onnobhubon\\\". After the rest of the band left to continue their academic studies, he joined Warfaze, a hard rock band that was one of the first Bangladeshi rock bands to incorporate elements of heavy metal and progressive metal/progressive rock in its songs. In 1999, Jewel joined Miles, a rock band formed in 1979. As a solo artist, Jewel has released several albums including an instrumental fusion-rock album\",\n \"title\": \"Iqbal Asif Jewel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9198930\",\n \"text\": \"who came to the family house with his company. Soon afterwards a circus party came to a nearby village. he was invited to America by the Society of American Magicians to perform a show. Jewel Aich Jewel Aich is a Bangladeshi magician and bansuri player. He is a veteran of the 1971 Bangladesh liberation war that culminated in the birth of his country. He has been called Bangladesh's leading magician. Aich was born in Pirojpur, a southern district of Bangladesh. He was the fifth of nine children in his family. He was fascinated by the art of magic from a\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Aich\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3661074\",\n \"text\": \"Bampton Classical Opera in 2006 for the 250th anniversary of Mozart's birth. Four characters from the commedia dell'arte (Dottore, Pantalone, Colombina and Pedrolino) open the opera with a quartet. There is no more music, so the Dottore summons the Composer, who, with the aid of a singer of tragic music and his own father, gradually works out how the opera should go. The opera ends with an epilogue sung by the Composer. The Jewel Box The Jewel Box is a pasticcio opera constructed by Paul Griffiths out of various pieces by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Its mostly English libretto by Paul\",\n \"title\": \"The Jewel Box\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8366888\",\n \"text\": \"mixes for its final release. The music video for the single was directed by Chris Applebaum. It shows Jewel and some of the events described throughout the song's lyrics. US CD single US CD maxi single European CD single Stand (Jewel song) \\\"Stand\\\" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Jewel from her fourth studio album, \\\"0304\\\" (2003). Written and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez, and released as the album's second single in October 2003 in the United States and later on internationally, the single failed to chart on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. It reached number sixteen on the\",\n \"title\": \"Stand (Jewel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8189019\",\n \"text\": \"Intuition (Jewel song) \\\"Intuition\\\" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Jewel. It was released in May 2003 as the lead single from her fourth studio album, \\\"0304\\\". The song was written and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez. Following the club success of \\\"Serve the Ego\\\", Jewel moved to a more pop-oriented sound with the release of \\\"Intuition\\\". The song, which strays from her usual folk style with simple acoustic guitar instrumentation, starts off with a French accordion and then experiments with dance-oriented beats with subtle urban influences, using synthesizers. The song achieved moderate success in the United States,\",\n \"title\": \"Intuition (Jewel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16004400\",\n \"text\": \"Auto V\\\" soundtrack and the player can listen to it on Radio Mirror Park. Gonzalez left Secret Canadian and recorded her third album, \\\"Liquid Cool\\\", which was released in June 2016 on her own label, \\\"Gloriette\\\". Nite Jewel Ramona Gonzalez (known professionally as Nite Jewel) is an American singer-songwriter from Los Angeles, California. Ramona Gonzalez began as Nite Jewel in 2008 as the result of her juggling music with undergraduate studies. She cites artists such as Janet Jackson and Mariah Carey as her musical inspirations. With assistance from her husband, Cole M.G.N., she created songs on a portable eight-track cassette\",\n \"title\": \"Nite Jewel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7580271\",\n \"text\": \"America. Jewel discography The discography of Jewel, an American singer-songwriter, consists of 12 studio albums, four compilation albums, 33 singles and five video albums. She debuted in 1995 after signing with Atlantic Records. Jewel's debut album, \\\"Pieces of You\\\" was issued in February 1995. Although it was initially not successful, the lead single, \\\"Who Will Save Your Soul\\\" eventually reached No. 11 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, pressing the album to later sell over twelve million copies. In addition, \\\"You Were Meant for Me\\\" and \\\"Foolish Games\\\" each became Top 10 hits on the same \\\"Billboard\\\" chart. Her second album\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7580268\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel discography The discography of Jewel, an American singer-songwriter, consists of 12 studio albums, four compilation albums, 33 singles and five video albums. She debuted in 1995 after signing with Atlantic Records. Jewel's debut album, \\\"Pieces of You\\\" was issued in February 1995. Although it was initially not successful, the lead single, \\\"Who Will Save Your Soul\\\" eventually reached No. 11 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, pressing the album to later sell over twelve million copies. In addition, \\\"You Were Meant for Me\\\" and \\\"Foolish Games\\\" each became Top 10 hits on the same \\\"Billboard\\\" chart. Her second album \\\"Spirit\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14488898\",\n \"text\": \"Mississippi Slim (country singer) Carvel Lee Ausborn (September 24, 1923 - December 1973), better known by his stage name, Mississippi Slim, was a hillbilly singer who had a radio show on Tupelo's WELO during the later 1940s. Ausborn was born in Smithville, Mississippi. According to Peter Guralnick, he had taken up guitar at the age of 13 to pursue a career in music. He was inspired by Jimmie Rodgers, Hank Williams, Ernest Tubb and Ausborn's cousin Rod Brasfield, a then prominent country comedian who toured with Hank Williams. Slim travelled all over the country with Goober and His Kentuckians and\",\n \"title\": \"Mississippi Slim (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394674\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"of a casual nature\\\") to which Jewel responded, \\\"You're a smartass for pointing that out. Next topic.\\\" In the fall of 1998, the poet Beau Sia composed a book-length response to \\\"A Night Without Armor\\\" that he titled \\\"A Night Without Armor II: The Revenge.\\\" The reviewer Edna Gundersen, writing in \\\"USA Today,\\\" noted, \\\"Hers is flowery and sensitive. His is wry and absurd.\\\" Jewel's second studio album, which she titled \\\"Spirit,\\\" was released on November 17, 1998. The album debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200 with 368,000 copies sold in its first week. It eventually sold 3.7\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394680\",\n \"text\": \"No. 8 on the Billboard Albums Chart and sold 82,000 copies in its first week. The lead single \\\"Again and Again\\\" had success on Adult Top 40 Radio, peaking at No. 16. The second single \\\"Good Day\\\" was released to radio in late June and peaked at No. 30 on the Adult Pop Songs charts. In the album's liner notes, Jewel addressed her audience in a personal letter, writing: \\\"\\\"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\\\" is the story of my life and is the most autobiographical album I have made since \\\"Pieces of You\\\"... By the end of the 13th song, if\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16004397\",\n \"text\": \"Nite Jewel Ramona Gonzalez (known professionally as Nite Jewel) is an American singer-songwriter from Los Angeles, California. Ramona Gonzalez began as Nite Jewel in 2008 as the result of her juggling music with undergraduate studies. She cites artists such as Janet Jackson and Mariah Carey as her musical inspirations. With assistance from her husband, Cole M.G.N., she created songs on a portable eight-track cassette recorder. She stated that \\\"moments of ecstasy, emotion, and hardship\\\" were her inspiration for those recordings. in 2009 she released the album \\\"Good Evening\\\". Soon after starting her MySpace music page, her song, \\\"Suburbia\\\" was selected\",\n \"title\": \"Nite Jewel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14260639\",\n \"text\": \"Ruby Wright (country singer) Ruby Wright (October 27, 1939 – September 27, 2009) was an American country music singer-songwriter. Wright was the daughter of country singers Kitty Wells and Johnnie Wright. She sang with her parents as a young girl and at age 13, was signed by RCA Records as Ruby Wells because there was also a Ruby Wright who was a pop singer. In the mid-1950s, she became part of an all-girl trio, Nita, Rita and Ruby. The Nita of the trio was Anita Carter of the well-known Carter Family. Working with Chet Atkins, the young singers enjoyed some\",\n \"title\": \"Ruby Wright (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394693\",\n \"text\": \"following year, in November 2016, she unveiled an online \\\"emotional fitness\\\" platform called \\\"Never Broken\\\", which features mental \\\"wellness\\\" exercises Jewel claims to have used throughout her life to deal with anxiety and other emotional distress. Commenting on the new platform, she said: \\\"I love music, but my energy isn’t there right now... This is my ability to say, ‘I have an authentic offering in another category besides music that’s in line with the messaging I’ve always done.'\\\" She also expressed interest in developing the platform further and introducing it to companies to help shape their corporate culture. In 2017,\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394679\",\n \"text\": \"two out of five stars, writing: \\\"It's difficult to decide whether Kilcher's new image is a 180-degree career shift or simply a particularly elaborate attempt to get into \\\"Private Eye\\\"s Warballs column. Either way, it's the most dramatic image overhaul you're ever likely to see, unless Holly Valance decides to start taking the stage in a donkey jacket and Doc Martens and covering The Pop Group's \\\"For How Much Longer Will We Tolerate Mass Murder?\\\"\\\" On May 2, 2006, Jewel released her sixth studio album, \\\"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\\\". The album received mixed reviews, but still managed to debut at\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14530681\",\n \"text\": \"2010. In the video, Jewel performs the song on the stage of empty War Memorial Auditorium in Nashville, Tennessee. As the video progresses, people begin to enter the auditorium, and gradually become happier after listening to the song's uplifting message. \\\"Satisfied\\\" debuted at number 59 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of June 19, 2010, and reached a peak position of number 57 in its second chart week. Satisfied (Jewel song) \\\"Satisfied\\\" is a song performed by American recording artist Jewel, taken from her second country album, \\\"Sweet and Wild\\\". It was released in May\",\n \"title\": \"Satisfied (Jewel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394694\",\n \"text\": \"she returned to acting, appearing in two television mystery films on the Hallmark Channel: \\\"Framed for Murder: A Fixer Upper Mystery\\\", and \\\"Concrete Evidence: A Fixer Upper Mystery\\\", both in which she plays the character Shannon Hughes, a contractor and investigator. Jewel is a soprano. Caitlin Gibson of \\\"The Washington Post\\\" described Jewel's vocal versatility, stating that \\\"she can summon many voices — deep and powerful, girlish and sweet, piercing and agile.\\\" Gibson also commented about Jewel's debut; \\\"In an era still gripped by grunge, [she] climbed to the top of the pop charts with sweet, simple folk tunes\\\". Her\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394681\",\n \"text\": \"you have listened closely, you will have heard the story of the sirens song that seduced me, of a path I both followed and led, of bizarre twists and turns that opened my eyes, forcing me to find solutions so that discovering the truth would not lead to a loss of hope.\\\" CMT music critic Timothy Duggan praised the \\\"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\\\", writing: \\\"This album showcases Jewel's unique talent as a lyricist, alongside a definite growth in her musicianship. It is what \\\"Pieces of You\\\" might have been had Jewel had the musical knowledge then that she has now.\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394676\",\n \"text\": \"for, quite simply, performing her character in a convincing and unmannered way. She is an actress here, not a pop star trying out a new hobby.\\\" In November 1999, Jewel released \\\".\\\" The album sold over a million copies and peaked at No. 32 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. She released a cover of \\\"Joy to the World\\\" from the album as a single. In 2000, she completed an autobiography titled \\\"Chasing Down the Dawn,\\\" a collection of diary entries and musings detailing her life growing up in Alaska, her struggle to learn her craft, and life on the road. In\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16084643\",\n \"text\": \"Maxine Brown (country singer) Maxine Brown (born April 27, 1932)-(September 30, 2018) is an American country music singer who was originally a member of the successful 1950s trio the Browns, before a brief solo career. Brown was born in Campti, Louisiana to Floyd and Birdie Brown. While still a toddler, her family moved to a farm near Sparkman, Arkansas. Encouraged by her parents, she began singing and performing at local venues. Brown signed a recording contract in 1954 with RCA Records as half of a duo with younger brother Jim Ed Brown. Their humorous song \\\"Looking Back to See\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"Maxine Brown (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8366886\",\n \"text\": \"Stand (Jewel song) \\\"Stand\\\" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Jewel from her fourth studio album, \\\"0304\\\" (2003). Written and produced by Jewel and Lester Mendez, and released as the album's second single in October 2003 in the United States and later on internationally, the single failed to chart on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. It reached number sixteen on the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart, and also became Jewel's third consecutive chart-topper on the Hot Dance Club Play. \\\"Stand\\\" was written and produced by Kilcher and Lester Mendez. Todd Burns from Stylus Magazine wrote that \\\"It is a strong\",\n \"title\": \"Stand (Jewel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20482207\",\n \"text\": \"to her first husband in 1998 and divorced in 2008. She married her second husband in 2013 and remained married until her death. After meeting Archie Comics artist Dan Parent, Katyal was the basis for the first Archie character to have a disability in 2014. The following year, Katyal took part in the 2015 Pan American Games opening ceremony. In 2017, Loving Healing Press created the Jewel Kats Special Needs Award to honor the memory of Jewel Kats. The contest is administered by Reader Views and entrants must submit books that features a story about a child overcoming a mental\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Kats\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8189026\",\n \"text\": \"quality. The original video was later censored, after a lawsuit by Nike for using the swoosh symbol without permission. In part of the video, a fake \\\"TRL\\\" ticker tape reads \\\"Jewel's music sounds much better now that she's dancing!\\\" Jewel noted that the video was supposed to be \\\"ironic and funny,\\\" but she felt that the video was misunderstood and that \\\"nobody got it.\\\" US CD single US CD maxi single European CD single European CD maxi single UK CD single Australian CD single Intuition (Jewel song) \\\"Intuition\\\" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Jewel. It was released in\",\n \"title\": \"Intuition (Jewel song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4375616\",\n \"text\": \"My Life\\\". His star power faded in the early 1980s with changing musical tastes, although his biggest songs were popular on country radio through the late 1980s and early 1990s. Duncan died of a heart attack on August 14, 2006, at the age of 67. Duncan has three daughters with his first wife, Betty Deisher, and one son with wife Connie Duncan, who survives him. Johnny Duncan (country singer) Johnny Richard Duncan (October 5, 1938 – August 14, 2006) was an American country singer, best known for a string of hits in the mid- to late 1970s. In his career,\",\n \"title\": \"Johnny Duncan (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7580270\",\n \"text\": \"major hit. In May 2006, her sixth album entitled \\\"Goodbye Alice in Wonderland\\\" was released, reaching No. 8 in the United States. Its sound was a departure from \\\"0304\\\", as it sound contained more elements that had originated in her debut album. Working with the country band, Big and Rich, Jewel issued her first country album in June 2008 titled \\\"Perfectly Clear.\\\" The release reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country Albums chart and spawned the major country hit, \\\"Stronger Woman\\\". Jewel has sold over 18.5 million records in the United States according to the Recording Industry Association of\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15859863\",\n \"text\": \"Band. In 2013, Brown was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the 'Koko Taylor Award (Traditional Blues Female)' category. With Louis Armstrong With Arnett Cobb There is also a DVD with her and Louis Armstrong in former East Germany. The DVD dates back to 1965 and also mentioned that the tour visit more countries in East Europe that time. But there is one discrepancy, on the DVD inlay, she is called June Brown, but I think it is the same artist. Jewel Brown Jewel Brown (born August 30, 1937) is an American jazz and blues singer. She is primarily\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15859861\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel Brown Jewel Brown (born August 30, 1937) is an American jazz and blues singer. She is primarily known for her work in the 1950s and 1960s. Before a retirement period she was part of Louis Armstrong's ensemble. She is currently part of the Heritage Hall Jazz Band. Her first professional performance was at the age of 12 in the Manhattan Club in Galveston, Texas. Before she graduated from high school, Lionel Hampton offered the opportunity to tour professionally in Europe. She graduated from Jack Yates High School. In 1957, on a vacation to Los Angeles, California, she sat in\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Brown\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18807017\",\n \"text\": \"Dynasty Chinese monk Xuansha Shibei, who wrote that \\\"the ten-direction world is one bright jewel\\\". His phrase is in turn an adaptation of the earlier writings of Guifeng Zongmi mentioned above. Mani Jewel A Mani Jewel () refers to any of various jewels mentioned in Buddhist literature as either metaphors for several concepts in Buddhist philosophy or as mythical relics. The word \\\"mani\\\" is simply Sanskrit and Pali for \\\"jewel\\\", so the phrase \\\"Mani Jewel\\\" is in one sense redundant. However, the Mani Jewel metaphors were significantly expanded in Chinese language texts in which it was also called by essentially\",\n \"title\": \"Mani Jewel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18462932\",\n \"text\": \"Markos Papadatos of \\\"Digital Journal\\\" gave the song four stars out of five, writing that \\\"Lee's vocals on 'She Does' are rich, sultry and polished, where the listener can easily recall country singer-songwriters Will Hoge and James Otto.\\\" The song also received a favorable review from \\\"Taste of Country\\\", which called it \\\"a country love song that stands out from so many others on the radio\\\" and said that \\\"Lee is a pure country vocalist who will attract both fans of traditional country and fans of a slicker sound.\\\" \\\"She Does\\\" was the most added song at country radio the\",\n \"title\": \"Jackie Lee (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14260834\",\n \"text\": \"Artists. Lewis earned the title \\\"The Boy with the Lute,\\\" being perhaps the only country singer to use this instrument, which is actually a custom 6-string guitar-lute. Lewis's lute is very similar to a standard acoustic guitar, but not without some tonal differences. Lewis is probably the only artist in country music who plays a lute at live performances and in the recording studio. Lewis was inducted to the Atlanta Country Music Hall Of Fame on November 29, 2014. Lewis became a member of the Grand Ole Opry and continues to perform and record new material. Lewis's recent studio albums\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Lewis (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16860365\",\n \"text\": \"star she’s married to instead of the fiancé she thought was her perfect match. I Married Who? I Married Who? (also called Always a Bride) is a 2012 American made-for-television comedy film starred Kellie Martin as Jordan and Ethan Erickson as Matt. Directed by Kevin Connor, it originally aired on Hallmark Channel on October 20, 2012. Straight-laced Jordan is about to marry her perfect match, Peter a clean-cut ambitious attorney. Before she walks down the aisle, Jordan and her best friends, Claire and Jessica, head to Vegas for a bachelorette party. Determined to get Jordan to loosen up, Claire steers\",\n \"title\": \"I Married Who?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3058505\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel bearing A jewel bearing is a plain bearing in which a metal spindle turns in a jewel-lined pivot hole. The hole is typically shaped like a torus and is slightly larger than the shaft diameter. The jewel material is usually synthetic sapphire or ruby (corundum). Jewel bearings are used in precision instruments where low friction, long life, and dimensional accuracy are important. Their largest use is in mechanical watches. Jewel bearings were invented in 1704 for use in watches by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier, Peter Debaufre, and Jacob Debaufre, who received an English patent for the idea. Originally natural\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel bearing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13386858\",\n \"text\": \"additional lyrics. Jewel (Marcella Detroit album) Jewel is the second studio album by American singer Marcella Detroit, and her first since leaving band Shakespears Sister. It was released in March 1994 under London Records to moderate commercial success. Aaron Badgley from Allmusic gave the album a retrospective mixed review, saying \\\"The CD sounds formulaic and overproduced by Chris Thomas. He seems to steer Marcella into mid-'90s dance grooves, which does not always fit her own distinctive sound ... When she is left alone and not \\\"produced,\\\" the results are stunning.\\\" Johnny Huston of Entertainment Weekly also gave \\\"Jewel\\\" a mixed\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (Marcella Detroit album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13386855\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel (Marcella Detroit album) Jewel is the second studio album by American singer Marcella Detroit, and her first since leaving band Shakespears Sister. It was released in March 1994 under London Records to moderate commercial success. Aaron Badgley from Allmusic gave the album a retrospective mixed review, saying \\\"The CD sounds formulaic and overproduced by Chris Thomas. He seems to steer Marcella into mid-'90s dance grooves, which does not always fit her own distinctive sound ... When she is left alone and not \\\"produced,\\\" the results are stunning.\\\" Johnny Huston of Entertainment Weekly also gave \\\"Jewel\\\" a mixed review, stating\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (Marcella Detroit album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394678\",\n \"text\": \"100. Within two months of its release, the album had sold over 350,000 in the United States. The shift in musical style on \\\"0304\\\" was noted by several critics, with \\\"People\\\" deeming it \\\"an extreme musical makeover.\\\" In response, Jewel commented that she had been inspired to make a more upbeat-sounding record in light of the Iraq War: \\\"I knew we were headed to war [at the time]... The music that has always done well during wartime has always been music that makes you want to escape.\\\" In his review of the album, Alexis Petridis of \\\"The Guardian\\\" awarded it\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14519122\",\n \"text\": \"Evening Jewel Evening Jewel (foaled February 26, 2007 in California) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse by Northern Afleet out of Jewel of the Night, by Giant's Causeway. Northern Afleet is also the sire of 2005 Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes winner Afleet Alex. Evening Jewel was bred by Betty L. Mabee and her son Larry Mabee and is trained by James M. Cassidy and owned by the Braly Family Trust. Evening Jewel's dam, Jewel of the Night, is a daughter of Jeweled Lady (General Meeting-Excellent Lady), who is a full sister to Grade 1 winner General Challenge and listed stakes\",\n \"title\": \"Evening Jewel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14260835\",\n \"text\": \"were released by Heart Of Texas music, an independent classic country label which records new albums and hosts package concerts and tours showcasing classic country artists from yesterday and today. Bobby Lewis (country singer) Bobby Lewis (born May 9, 1942 in Hodgenville, Kentucky) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Between 1963 and 1985, Lewis released ten albums and charted more than twenty-five songs on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart. His biggest hit, \\\"How Long Has It Been,\\\" peaked at Number 6 in 1966. Lewis released a whopping 26 Country charted singles from 1966 to 1985, with 14 for United\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Lewis (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13434145\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel of the South Jewel of the South is the title of the ninth studio album released by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. Released in 1995 (see 1995 in country music), It was his second as well as his last album under the MCA Records label. Like its predecessor, It failed to chart on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country Albums chart. Only one track \\\"Please Remember Me\\\" was released as a single where it reached #69 on the Hot Country Songs chart. Tim McGraw would release a successful cover of the song in from his 1999 album \\\"A Place in\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel of the South\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18254202\",\n \"text\": \"John King (country singer) John King is an American country music singer and songwriter. King was born and raised in Demorest, Georgia. He worked construction jobs as a teenager and was heavily influenced by Country, Rock and Southern rock artists. King later graduated from University of Georgia before signing his first record deal with Black River Entertainment (2014-2016). His debut single, \\\"Tonight Tonight\\\", was released in mid-2014 and featured on the NFL's Thursday Night Football on CBS. Taste of Country reviewed it favorably, saying that it is \\\"a great hook over a strong beat, all built sturdy country voice. King\",\n \"title\": \"John King (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16240927\",\n \"text\": \"Negrov's illegitimate daughter Lyubov. In part two Krutsifersky and Lyubov are happily married with a child. Their happiness is destroyed when a rich young landowner named Beltov becomes a friend of the family and begins an illicit relationship with Lyubov. Beltov ends up departing Russia for Europe, leaving the young couple with a broken and hopeless marriage. Part one is a satire of the Russian landed gentry, showing their coarseness and pettiness. Part two introduces the type of the \\\"superfluous man\\\" in the person of Beltov. Who is to Blame? Who is to Blame? () is a novel by Alexander\",\n \"title\": \"Who is to Blame?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4075447\",\n \"text\": \"200 with first week sales of 140,000 units. As of 2007, the album has sold over 1.5 million copies in the United States and has been certified platinum by the RIAA. \\\"This Way\\\" reached 6 in Australia and has since been certified platinum. All songs were written by Jewel Kilcher, except where noted. This Way (Jewel album) This Way is the third studio album by singer-songwriter Jewel, released in 2001, through Atlantic Records. She was looking for a raw, live-sounding album, leading her to be involved in the album's production. Singles included the hits \\\"Standing Still\\\" and \\\"Break Me\\\" as\",\n \"title\": \"This Way (Jewel album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394703\",\n \"text\": \"from her. Jewel identifies as a feminist and has said: \\\"I don't think I started off young as a feminist. I read a lot of books in Alaska, I was pretty isolated where I grew up, and I think that I never thought I was any different than a man; I was raised in a place where pioneer women were very strong still. They'd shoe horses and build their own homes and were very self-sufficient. It wasn't really until I've gotten older that I really became a fan of women. And a fan of what women are capable of balancing\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394692\",\n \"text\": \"a guest musician on Blues Traveler's album \\\"Blow Up the Moon\\\", co-writing the song \\\"Hearts Still Awake.\\\" On June 28, she revealed in a Q&A on Facebook that her upcoming album would be released in the second week of September of that year, and would feature a folk sound recorded with a live band. On July 21, Jewel confirmed the title as \\\"Picking Up the Pieces\\\". \\\"Picking Up the Pieces\\\" was released on September 11, 2015. Four days later, on September 15, she released her third book, a new memoir entitled \\\"Never Broken: Songs Are Only Half the Story\\\". The\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1394668\",\n \"text\": \"doing street performances and small gigs, mainly in Southern California. She gained recognition by singing at The Inner Change Cafe and Java Joe's in San Diego; she would later make her debut record at Java Joe's when it was in Poway, where she had worked as a barista. Her friend Steve Poltz's band, The Rugburns, played the same venues. She later collaborated with Poltz on some of her songs, including \\\"You Were Meant for Me\\\". (He also appeared in the song's second, better-known video.) The Rugburns opened for Jewel on her Tiny Lights tour in 1997. Poltz appeared in Jewel's\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10710903\",\n \"text\": \"with The Monkees in the late 1960s and continued in the music business until the middle of the 1970s. Akens undertook more shows (2006-2011) with a new set of Dots, that consisted of Al Martin, Hurley D and songwriter and producer Richard Dickson. On March 1, 2013, Akens died from complications of back surgery, aged 79. He is survived by his wife, Eddie Mae. Jewel Akens Jewel Eugene Akens (September 12, 1933, Houston, Texas – March 1, 2013, Inglewood, California) was an American singer and record producer. He recorded with The Medallions on Dootone, with The Four Dots on Freedom,\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Akens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15651254\",\n \"text\": \"2016). Jason Jones (country singer) Jason Jones (born March 7, 1970 in Crawfordville, Florida) is an American country music singer. He is signed to Warner Bros. Records Nashville, and made his chart debut in May 2011 with the single \\\"Ferris Wheel\\\". The song is included on a six-song digital extended play, released on May 31. Jones said that he was introduced to country music while driving between Florida and Georgia. He formed a rock band in high school, and later dropped out of Florida State University to move to Nashville, Tennessee to begin his musical career. In Nashville, he joined\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Jones (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15651252\",\n \"text\": \"Jason Jones (country singer) Jason Jones (born March 7, 1970 in Crawfordville, Florida) is an American country music singer. He is signed to Warner Bros. Records Nashville, and made his chart debut in May 2011 with the single \\\"Ferris Wheel\\\". The song is included on a six-song digital extended play, released on May 31. Jones said that he was introduced to country music while driving between Florida and Georgia. He formed a rock band in high school, and later dropped out of Florida State University to move to Nashville, Tennessee to begin his musical career. In Nashville, he joined a\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Jones (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10004008\",\n \"text\": \"found limited success in New South Wales against long-time incumbent Franklins, Jewel entered Victoria a few years before Franklins and found more success there. In the early 1990s, Jewel launched Jewel Country Fresh in response to Franklins and BI-LO launching market-style full-line discount supermarkets. Jewel also acquired the Rainbow supermarket in Doonside, Western Sydney. These formats carried not only dry groceries and frozen foods, but also fresh foods in a market-style environment. In 1995, Jewel Food Stores Pty Ltd was acquired by Davids Holdings (which later became Metcash Trading Ltd. In 1998 Davids sold its chain of 130 Jewel supermarkets\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Food Stores (Australia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3446680\",\n \"text\": \"Jimmie Rodgers (country singer) James Charles Rodgers (September 8, 1897 – May 26, 1933), professionally known as Jimmie Rodgers, was an American country, blues and folk singer, songwriter and musician in the early 20th century, known most widely for his rhythmic yodeling. Rodgers, along with his contemporaries the Carter Family, was among the first country music stars, cited as an inspiration by many artists and an inductee into numerous halls of fame. Rodgers was also known as \\\"The Singing Brakeman\\\", \\\"The Blue Yodeler\\\", and \\\"The Father of Country Music\\\". According to tradition, Rodgers' birthplace is usually listed as Meridian, Mississippi;\",\n \"title\": \"Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14260833\",\n \"text\": \"Bobby Lewis (country singer) Bobby Lewis (born May 9, 1942 in Hodgenville, Kentucky) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Between 1963 and 1985, Lewis released ten albums and charted more than twenty-five songs on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart. His biggest hit, \\\"How Long Has It Been,\\\" peaked at Number 6 in 1966. Lewis released a whopping 26 Country charted singles from 1966 to 1985, with 14 for United Artists, 5 for Ace Of Hearts, two with GRT, 3 for RPA, 2 for Capricorn and one each for HME. Lewis also released a total of 9 albums with United\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Lewis (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11910755\",\n \"text\": \"Who Says God Is Dead! Who Says God Is Dead! is the tenth studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn. It was released on February 5, 1968, by Decca Records. This is Lynn's second Gospel album, following 1965's \\\"Hymns\\\". In the issue dated February 17, 1968, \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine published a review of the album, saying, \\\"The darling of the country music field has produced another beautiful religious LP. Her understanding and perception on \\\"Who Says God Is Dead\\\" is convincing. She's also great on \\\"I Believe\\\", \\\"In the Garden\\\", and \\\"The Old Rugged Cross\\\".\\\" There were no singles\",\n \"title\": \"Who Says God Is Dead!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16860363\",\n \"text\": \"I Married Who? I Married Who? (also called Always a Bride) is a 2012 American made-for-television comedy film starred Kellie Martin as Jordan and Ethan Erickson as Matt. Directed by Kevin Connor, it originally aired on Hallmark Channel on October 20, 2012. Straight-laced Jordan is about to marry her perfect match, Peter a clean-cut ambitious attorney. Before she walks down the aisle, Jordan and her best friends, Claire and Jessica, head to Vegas for a bachelorette party. Determined to get Jordan to loosen up, Claire steers the girls to the hottest nightclub for a few drinks and some fun, because\",\n \"title\": \"I Married Who?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4075249\",\n \"text\": \"Spirit (Jewel album) Spirit is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Jewel, released in 1998 by Atlantic Records. Singles include \\\"Hands\\\", \\\"Down So Long\\\", and a newly recorded version of \\\"Jupiter\\\", followed by a remix of \\\"What's Simple Is True\\\" to promote Jewel's debut film \\\"Ride with the Devil\\\". In addition, a one-track CD containing a live version of \\\"Life Uncommon\\\" was released to music stores in hopes to raise money and awareness for Habitat for Humanity. \\\"Spirit\\\" debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200 with 368,000 copies sold in its first week. It eventually sold 3.7 million\",\n \"title\": \"Spirit (Jewel album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12398516\",\n \"text\": \"Josh Logan (country singer) Josh Logan (born in Cartersville, Kentucky) is an American country music artist. He has recorded four albums, including one for the Curb Records label in 1988. This album, \\\"Somebody Paints the Wall\\\", included three chart singles, two of which were later released by other artists as well: the title track by Tracy Lawrence, and \\\"I Was Born with a Broken Heart\\\" by Aaron Tippin, who also co-wrote it. Logan released a second album, \\\"Something Strange\\\", in 1995, followed by \\\"Cartersville, Kentucky Country Boy\\\" in 2003. Josh Logan was born in Cartersville, Kentucky. As a teenager, he\",\n \"title\": \"Josh Logan (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4715961\",\n \"text\": \"to the person who is not saved but who only acts righteous outwardly. If the latter is the case, it may represent something like the \\\"civil righteousness\\\" discussed in the \\\"Augsburg Confession\\\". Nevertheless, the third statement clearly evidences \\\"simul iustus et peccator\\\" and thus a \\\"totus homo\\\" anthropology. In this statement, Jewel is clearly referring to Christians. This is apparent when Jewel begins using first-person pronouns and when he says that no one is able to obey the law in this life (i.e., before glorification, when man will become unable to sin). Second, Jewel, like the early Protestants, maintains that\",\n \"title\": \"John Jewel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13434146\",\n \"text\": \"the Sun\\\" which hit #1 in both the United States and Canada as well as reaching #10 on The Billboard Hot 100. All songs composed by Rodney Crowell except when noted Jewel of the South Jewel of the South is the title of the ninth studio album released by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. Released in 1995 (see 1995 in country music), It was his second as well as his last album under the MCA Records label. Like its predecessor, It failed to chart on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country Albums chart. Only one track \\\"Please Remember Me\\\" was released\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel of the South\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13903544\",\n \"text\": \"Careless Jewel Careless Jewel (foaled March 4, 2006, in Kentucky) is a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse. Careless Jewel is out of the mare Sweet and Careless, and was sired by Tapit, a son of Pulpit by A.P. Indy by Seattle Slew. Bred by Gainesway Thoroughbreds Ltd. & Bill Andrade, the filly was sold at the September 2007 Keeneland Yearling Sale for $40,000. She is owned by Verne Dubinsky of Alberta, Canada who races under the name Donver Stables, and is trained by Josie Carroll from a base at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto. Careless Jewel came to prominence on the racing scene\",\n \"title\": \"Careless Jewel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13622494\",\n \"text\": \"government. Lansing was also the Democratic nominee for Treasurer of Oregon in 1976 and 1980, narrowly losing to Republican Clay Myers in both general elections. Lansing has published several books. Lansing is married and lives in southwest Portland with her husband, Ron. The couple raised two daughters, and a son. Jewel Lansing Jewel Beck Lansing (born c. 1930) is a writer and politician from Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. Lansing grew up in rural Montana. She received a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Montana and a master's degree in education from Stanford University. She moved\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Lansing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17900770\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country Albums chart and number 67 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200. \\\"Rhythm and Whiskey\\\" debuted at No. 21 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and No. 4 on the Hot Country Albums chart, with 9,000 copies sold in the US the first week. Frank Foster (country singer) Frank Foster (born in Cypress Bottom, Louisiana) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Foster has released four independent albums: \\\"Rowdy Reputation\\\" in 2011, \\\"Red Wings and Six Strings\\\" in 2012, \\\"Southern Soul\\\" in 2013 and \\\"Rhythm and Whiskey\\\" in 2014. Each album has subsequently sold more than the last. Jonathan Widran of AllMusic gave\",\n \"title\": \"Frank Foster (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9198928\",\n \"text\": \"Jewel Aich Jewel Aich is a Bangladeshi magician and bansuri player. He is a veteran of the 1971 Bangladesh liberation war that culminated in the birth of his country. He has been called Bangladesh's leading magician. Aich was born in Pirojpur, a southern district of Bangladesh. He was the fifth of nine children in his family. He was fascinated by the art of magic from a young age, and his interest continued to grow when a gypsy man performed some magic during a visit to Aich’s family home. Shortly thereafter, he encountered a circus performing in a nearby village, Aich\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Aich\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17904964\",\n \"text\": \"that the film breathes life into the socioeconomic consideration it hopes to fight. Rome & Jewel Rome & Jewel is a 2006 hip-hop musical adaptation of William Shakespeare's \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\" set in Los Angeles that deals with interracial love. The film stars Nate Parker as Rome and Lindsey Haun as Jewel. The 2008 re-release had modest box office results and mostly negative critical commentary. Compton-native Rome (Nate Parker) is the son of Reverend Q (Cleavant Derricks) and yearns for Jewel (Lindsey Haun), the daughter of Los Angeles Mayor Capps (John Rubinstein) who lives in Beverly Hills. Using reworked dialogue\",\n \"title\": \"Rome & Jewel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3248128\",\n \"text\": \"actor Matt Anderson from 2003 to 2011. In May 2015, she became engaged to her boyfriend Charlie Ritchie. Later the same month, she announced she was pregnant with her first child, a boy. On December 9, 2015 she announced the birth of her son Wilder Cathcart Ritchie. She married Charlie Ritchie on July 23, 2016. Jewel Staite Jewel Belair Staite (born June 2, 1982) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Kaylee Frye in the Fox television series \\\"Firefly\\\" (2002–03) and its spin-off theatrical film \\\"Serenity\\\" (2005), and as Dr. Jennifer Keller on Sci-Fi Channel's science-fiction\",\n \"title\": \"Jewel Staite\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["ty murray"],"string":"[\n \"ty murray\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1791,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what famous book did adam smith wrote?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"14299213","text":"Adam Smith House Several houses in Scotland are referred to as the Adam Smith House, as each was the home of economist Adam Smith. Adam Smith lived with his mother, in his mother's house, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, during 1767–1776. That house, on High Street, is where he wrote \"The Wealth of Nations\". The house was torn down in 1834. The successor building, at Nos 218–222 High Street, pictured, was built in 1834 and is itself a historic building, holding Category B Listed building status. A building named the \"Panmure House\" (unrelated to Panmure House, a former mansion) was Smith's home","title":"Adam Smith House"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14299213\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith House Several houses in Scotland are referred to as the Adam Smith House, as each was the home of economist Adam Smith. Adam Smith lived with his mother, in his mother's house, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, during 1767–1776. That house, on High Street, is where he wrote \\\"The Wealth of Nations\\\". The house was torn down in 1834. The successor building, at Nos 218–222 High Street, pictured, was built in 1834 and is itself a historic building, holding Category B Listed building status. A building named the \\\"Panmure House\\\" (unrelated to Panmure House, a former mansion) was Smith's home\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith House\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"15652793","text":"Janet Adam Smith Janet Buchanan Adam Smith OBE (9 December 1905 – 11 September 1999) was a writer, editor, literary journalist and champion of Scottish literature. She was active from the 1930s through to the end of the century and noted for her elegant prose, her penetrating judgement, her independence of mind – and her deep love of mountains and mountaineering. Leonard Miall wrote: “Biographer, mountaineer, critic, literary editor, textual scholar, comic versifier, visiting professor, hostess, anthologist, traveller – there seemed to be nothing at which Janet Adam Smith did not shine. And she shone with an intensity that made","title":"Janet Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"15807114","text":"What I Wrote What I Wrote is a TV series broadcast on ABCTV 1 in Australia. The series focuses on Australian writers talking about their work. They are interviewed and presented by Dr. Tess Brady. The first series broadcast on ABC TV 1 in February 2010. The second series broadcast from mid October 2010. Joanna Murray-Smith discusses the power of words in Nightfall Joanna Murray-Smith explores love, identity and belonging in Honour Louis Nowra talks about shedding the misconceptions of childhood in Radiance Louis Nowra discusses art and claims it should not be relevant in Cosi Hannie Rayson explores family","title":"What I Wrote"},{"psg_id":"17934","text":"demolished in the 19th century to make way for an iron foundry. Smith has been celebrated by advocates of free-market policies as the founder of free-market economics, a view reflected in the naming of bodies such as the Adam Smith Institute in London, the Adam Smith Society and the Australian Adam Smith Club, and in terms such as the Adam Smith necktie. Alan Greenspan argues that, while Smith did not coin the term \"laissez-faire\", \"it was left to Adam Smith to identify the more-general set of principles that brought conceptual clarity to the seeming chaos of market transactions\". Greenspan continues","title":"Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"7184087","text":"encourage students to achieve their full potential. All funds received from donors are transferred directly to the successful students and no money was retained by the College/Foundation. These awards are used to provide direct assistance to students to support and augment their studies. The Adam Smith Foundation has now become the charitable trust of Fife College. The Adam Smith Lecture celebrates the life and work of Kirkcaldy's most famous son, Adam Smith – a leading figure of the Scottish Enlightenment and the father of modern economics. The Adam Smith Lecture series has attracted prestigious national and international speakers including: Alan","title":"Adam Smith College"},{"psg_id":"17946","text":"could subsist a month, and scarce any a year without employment. In the long run, the workman may be as necessary to his master as his master is to him, but the necessity is not so immediate. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Adam Smith Adam Smith ( 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith wrote two classic works, \"The Theory of Moral Sentiments\" (1759) and \"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of","title":"Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"11295526","text":"Smith (editor) and Rachel Fershleiser's six-word memoirs are, respectively, \"Big hair, big heart, big hurry\" and \"Bespectacled, besneakered, read and ran around.\" In an interview with Adam Phillips of VOA News and the online audio program \"Wordmaster,\" Rachel Fershleiser defines a \"memoir\" as the following: Larry Smith followed up by defining \"memoir\" in his words: This project spawned a book collection of Six-Word Memoirs. The book, \"Not Quite What I Was Planning: Six-Word Memoirs by Writers Famous & Obscure\" is the first in the Six-Word Memoir series. Editors Smith & Fershleiser traveled around the country in 2008 on a Six-Word","title":"Smith Magazine"},{"psg_id":"9267140","text":"railways. She contributed actively to Australia's literary community, and in 1973 she was State President of Australian Writers in Victoria and the Federal President of the Fellowship of Australian Writers. In 1978 her book \"The Anzacs\" shared The Age Book of the Year Award and was made into a 13-part TV series. Her autobiography was published in two parts: \"Hear The Train Blow\" and the award-winning \"Good-bye Girlie\". Patsy Adam-Smith Patricia Jean Adam-Smith (31 May 1924 – 20 September 2001), born in Melbourne, though spent her early years in Nowingi, was an Australian author, historian and servicewoman. She was a","title":"Patsy Adam-Smith"},{"psg_id":"9267137","text":"Patsy Adam-Smith Patricia Jean Adam-Smith (31 May 1924 – 20 September 2001), born in Melbourne, though spent her early years in Nowingi, was an Australian author, historian and servicewoman. She was a prolific writer on a range of subjects covering history, folklore and the preservation of national traditions\", and wrote a two-part autobiography. Her other notable works include \"The Anzacs\" (1978), \"Australian Women at War\" (1984) and \"Prisoners of War\" (1992). Born \"illegitimately\", Patricia Jean Smith was adopted by railway workers, her mother a station-mistress and her father a fettler. She lived in a number of small Victorian country towns","title":"Patsy Adam-Smith"},{"psg_id":"13579047","text":"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"13579043","text":"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"7578097","text":"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \"Tramp\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \"Katy\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \"Katy\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \"Katy\", which is a modern retelling of \"What Katy Did\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \"What Katy Did\" was followed by four sequels: \"What Katy Did at School\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"10149533","text":"You Know What You Did \"You Know What You Did\" is the first episode of the third season of \"The Hills\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi Montag after suspecting that Heidi and her boyfriend Spencer Pratt fabricated rumors of a sex tape involving Lauren and her ex-boyfriend Jason Wahler. The ensuing feud between the women becomes a central focus of the series, and is carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad appears. \"You Know What You Did\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam","title":"You Know What You Did"},{"psg_id":"7578098","text":"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \"What Katy Did Next\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \"Clover\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \"In the High Valley\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"2883582","text":"of Aberdeen. He died at home, \"Sweethillocks\" in Balerno south-west of Edinburgh on 3 March 1942. He is buried with his wife and children in the north-east corner of Currie Cemetery in south-west Edinburgh. Most of his papers are held in the National Library of Scotland, in Edinburgh. His \"Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land\" (HGHL), published in London in 1915, remains a standard reference book until today. In 1889 he married Alice Lillian Buchanan (1866-1949), daughter of Sir George Buchanan MD FRS. They had seven children: George Adam Smith The Very Reverend Sir George Adam Smith,","title":"George Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"10764488","text":"Adam Smith Foundation \"This article concerns the Adam Smith Foundation based in the state of Missouri in the United States, as opposed to the Adam Smith Foundation based at the University of Glasgow in Scotland.\" The Adam Smith Foundation is a 501(c)(4) conservative advocacy organization in Jefferson City, Missouri. In 2007, it received its exempt organization status from the IRS and now brings in $348,750 in annual inc that focuses on the issues of right to work, education reform, balanced budget amendment, judicial reform, and tax reform. The Adam Smith Foundation was formed as a nonprofit corporation in the State","title":"Adam Smith Foundation"},{"psg_id":"16109049","text":"with Smith in The Ethels appears on some scenes in the film alongside Adam Neal Smith. Adam Neal Smith Adam Neal Smith is a Dallas, Texas-born and Los Angeles-based film and theater actor, and musician in a band and film music composer. He studied at University of North Texas majoring in history. He also took up acting lessons and enrolled in Los Angeles' Second City Conservatory. Adam Neal Smith formed the band The Ethels in Fort Worth, Texas alongside Ethel Lung, in 2002. Smith was on vocals and guitar and Lung on vocals and drums. The band relocated to Los","title":"Adam Neal Smith"},{"psg_id":"7263691","text":"2016, Shout! Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray Disc under their sub-label, Scream Factory. \"I Saw What You Did\" was remade for television in 1988 with Robert Carradine, David Carradine, Tammy Lauren and Shawnee Smith. I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was","title":"I Saw What You Did"},{"psg_id":"3895339","text":"referred to Adam Smith University as a degree mill, and he noted that it operated in Louisiana due to the absence of laws regulating the granting of degrees. Adam Smith University and Columbia State University have the same address, which is \"likely a mail forwarding address\". Other critics have described Adam Smith University as a \"diploma mill\". Alan Contreras from the Oregon State Office of Degree Authorization (ODA), an agency of that state's government, called Adam Smith \"a diploma mill with a long and unattractive history\" in an article written in a personal capacity. However, in 2005, he updated Adam","title":"Adam Smith University"},{"psg_id":"3895334","text":"Adam Smith University Adam Smith University (also known as Adam Smith University of Liberia and École Supérieure Universitaire Adam Smith) is an unaccredited private distance learning university founded in 1991 by Dr. Donald Grunewald (MA Harvard 1955, MBA Harvard 1959, DBA Harvard 1962), who is still its president. Grunewald was president of Mercy College between 1972 and 1984. Since 1984 Grunewald is professor of Management at the Hagan School of Business at Iona College, teaching courses in Business Policy and Strategic Management (source: Iona college). Grunewald served as a Member of Advisory Board of The Wilton Bank (source: Bloomberg). Adam","title":"Adam Smith University"},{"psg_id":"14299214","text":"in Edinburgh, Scotland during 1788 to 1790. In 2008, Adam Smith's Panmure House was purchased by the Edinburgh Business School. Work began on the restoration of Panmure House into a centre for economic and social debate and the latest academic thinking in July 2016 and is scheduled to be completed in the autumn of 2018. Adam Smith House Several houses in Scotland are referred to as the Adam Smith House, as each was the home of economist Adam Smith. Adam Smith lived with his mother, in his mother's house, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, during 1767–1776. That house, on High Street, is","title":"Adam Smith House"},{"psg_id":"1872891","text":"in the mirror. Sadly, this potentially-fascinating element of the movie is dismissed quickly to facilitate a higher body count. And, as I said before, a few extra deaths can only make a slasher movie better, right?\" Film scholar Adam Rockoff notes in his book \"Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978–1986\" that at the time of its release, many critics branded \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" as an imitation of \"Scream\"; however, he contends that it is a \"much different film,\" even in spite of the fact that their respective screenplays were penned","title":"I Know What You Did Last Summer"},{"psg_id":"7578085","text":"up: \"What Katy Did at School\" and \"What Katy Did Next\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\"Clover\" and \"In the High Valley\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"7578084","text":"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"11463660","text":"Branagh. The play proved a prolonged success and earned positive reviews. Michael Billington, reviewing for \"The Guardian\", wrote: \"The real joy of the evening, however, is that the gags come thick and fast, producing a kind of comic delirium. Matt Wolf, reviewing for \"Variety\", wrote \"...it’s the innocence of “The Play What I Wrote” (the grammatical inaccuracy of the title is part of its point) that represents the evening’s best calling card...the evening trades in old-fashioned verbal jokes...and visual ones.\" It won Foley and McColl a joint Best Actor nomination at the 2002 Laurence Olivier Awards and, although they did","title":"The Play What I Wrote"},{"psg_id":"7184093","text":"external enquiry into these allegations..” An Adam Smith College spokesman confirmed that two Executive Directors were already being investigated, saying “These are being fully investigated and will comply with our official procedures.\" Adam Smith College Adam Smith College was a Scottish further and higher education college located over various campuses across the county of Fife. On 1 August 2013 Adam Smith College and Carnegie College came together to form Fife College, creating a new college for the region in line with Government legislation. The land-based elements of Scotland's Rural College, SRUC Elmwood College, were also incorporated in the new Fife","title":"Adam Smith College"},{"psg_id":"7184086","text":"Road, Glenrothes). Outreach centres were located across Fife, including Anstruther, Bowhill and St Andrews. Adam Smith College offered a range of courses from introductory level through to degrees and professional qualifications. Subject areas: The Adam Smith Enterprise and Education Foundation, also known as the Adam Smith Foundation, was the charitable trust of Adam Smith College. The Foundation was established in 1997 to improve and extend opportunities for students. Through partnership with businesses, charitable trusts and individual donors the Foundation developed a Scholarship Programme which provides recognition, a financial award, and in some cases, work experience and internships to support and","title":"Adam Smith College"},{"psg_id":"3895341","text":"The Hindu that Vice-Chancellor of University of Mysore J. Sashidhara Prasad said of ASU, \"Beware friends. It only had a tie-up with an institution in a tiny African country.\" Adam Smith University Adam Smith University (also known as Adam Smith University of Liberia and École Supérieure Universitaire Adam Smith) is an unaccredited private distance learning university founded in 1991 by Dr. Donald Grunewald (MA Harvard 1955, MBA Harvard 1959, DBA Harvard 1962), who is still its president. Grunewald was president of Mercy College between 1972 and 1984. Since 1984 Grunewald is professor of Management at the Hagan School of Business","title":"Adam Smith University"},{"psg_id":"17260062","text":"Soul for the 2016 season. On April 19, 2017, Smith was assigned to the Soul. Adam Smith (American football) Adam Smith (born April 9, 1990) is an American football offensive guard for the Philadelphia Soul of the Arena Football League (AFL). Smith played college football at Western Kentucky. Adam Smith played college football at Western Kentucky. He was in for 764 plays in 2012 at Western Kentucky. He accumulated 55 knock down blocks and 41 pancake blocks. On April 29, 2013, Adam Smith was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On August 27, 2013, he","title":"Adam Smith (American football)"},{"psg_id":"17260061","text":"Adam Smith (American football) Adam Smith (born April 9, 1990) is an American football offensive guard for the Philadelphia Soul of the Arena Football League (AFL). Smith played college football at Western Kentucky. Adam Smith played college football at Western Kentucky. He was in for 764 plays in 2012 at Western Kentucky. He accumulated 55 knock down blocks and 41 pancake blocks. On April 29, 2013, Adam Smith was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On August 27, 2013, he was waived by the Buccaneers. On December 11, 2015 Smith was assigned to the Philadelphia","title":"Adam Smith (American football)"},{"psg_id":"7184084","text":"Adam Smith College Adam Smith College was a Scottish further and higher education college located over various campuses across the county of Fife. On 1 August 2013 Adam Smith College and Carnegie College came together to form Fife College, creating a new college for the region in line with Government legislation. The land-based elements of Scotland's Rural College, SRUC Elmwood College, were also incorporated in the new Fife College providing a wide range of courses to choose from. The college was formed on August 1, 2005 by the merger of Glenrothes College and Fife College and is named after Adam","title":"Adam Smith College"},{"psg_id":"3895336","text":"have included Hawaii, Louisiana, Montana, and South Dakota. Adam Smith's current American mailing address is a private mail box in Garapan on Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands, a U.S. commonwealth. Adam Smith University asserts the establishment of a French unit called École Supérieure Universitaire Adam Smith, which offers academic degrees for work experience. According to a letter of the Director General of the Liberian Ministry of Education of 17 September 2004, Adam Smith University has been accredited by the Liberian Ministry of Education since 1995, well before the most recent conflicts, and was accredited as a result of an","title":"Adam Smith University"},{"psg_id":"7149508","text":"inventions that emerged from Ancient Greece. This episode features reports from around the British Isles by Hart-Davis and Darling elaborated by demonstrations from Jopson and a variety of experts that examine the ideas and inventions of the Ancient Britons. What the Ancients Did for Us What the Ancients Did for Us is a 2005 BBC documentary series presented by Adam Hart-Davis that examines the impact of ancient civilizations on modern society. The series was produced in conjunction with the Open University and is a departure from the previous series not only in that each episode is an hour long rather","title":"What the Ancients Did for Us"},{"psg_id":"7149505","text":"What the Ancients Did for Us What the Ancients Did for Us is a 2005 BBC documentary series presented by Adam Hart-Davis that examines the impact of ancient civilizations on modern society. The series was produced in conjunction with the Open University and is a departure from the previous series not only in that each episode is an hour long rather than half an hour (though heavily edited half-hour versions have also been shown), but also in that it does not concentrate on a single period of history but rather one ancient civilization per episode including the Chinese, the Indians","title":"What the Ancients Did for Us"},{"psg_id":"15807116","text":"of a father and daughter in Mr Bailey’s Minder Matt Cameron discusses the dark side of suburbia in Ruby Moon Matt Cameron explores the nature of indifference in Tear from a Glass Eye Katherine Thomson talks about our relationship to land and history in Wonderlands Katherine Thomson discusses the end of old style unionism in Harbour Ray Lawler talks about writing Australia onto the stage in Summer of the Seventeenth Doll Ray Lawler talks about becoming a playwright in Finding a Way What I Wrote What I Wrote is a TV series broadcast on ABCTV 1 in Australia. The series","title":"What I Wrote"},{"psg_id":"13675534","text":"What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the story of what happens when a venerable comic book superheroine is retconned as a lesbian. Gay comic book creator Brian Parrish is hired by Bang Comics to take over \"Princess Paragon\", a superhero comic book that's been around since the 1940s, but whose sales are slumping badly by the 1990s. Parrish decides to reimagine Princess Paragon as a lesbian, a move which causes quite a bit of excitement and publicity for Bang, but also causes consternation among some","title":"What They Did to Princess Paragon"},{"psg_id":"2883579","text":"George Adam Smith The Very Reverend Sir George Adam Smith, (19 October 1856 – 3 March 1942) was a Scottish theologian. He was born in Calcutta, where his father, George Smith, C.I.E., was then Principal of the Doveton College, a boys' school in Madras. His mother was Janet Colquhoun Smith (nee Adam). By 1870 the family had returned to Scotland and were living at Scagore House in Seafield, Edinburgh. He was educated at Edinburgh in the Royal High School. He then studied Divinity at the University of Edinburgh and the New College, graduating MA in 1875. After studying for summer","title":"George Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"16109047","text":"Adam Neal Smith Adam Neal Smith is a Dallas, Texas-born and Los Angeles-based film and theater actor, and musician in a band and film music composer. He studied at University of North Texas majoring in history. He also took up acting lessons and enrolled in Los Angeles' Second City Conservatory. Adam Neal Smith formed the band The Ethels in Fort Worth, Texas alongside Ethel Lung, in 2002. Smith was on vocals and guitar and Lung on vocals and drums. The band relocated to Los Angeles where Gordon Bash recorded their demo in summer of 2003. He eventually joined the band","title":"Adam Neal Smith"},{"psg_id":"2168268","text":"Robert Paul Smith Robert Paul Smith (April 16, 1915 – January 30, 1977) was an American author, most famous for his classic evocation of childhood, \"Where Did You Go? Out. What Did You Do? Nothing\". Robert Paul Smith was born in Brooklyn, grew up in Mount Vernon, NY, and graduated from Columbia College in 1936. He worked as a writer for CBS Radio and wrote four novels: \"So It Doesn't Whistle\" (1946) (1941, according to Avon Publishing Co., Inc., reprint edition \"... Plus Blood in Their Veins\" copyright 1952); \"The Journey\", (1943); \"Because of My Love\" (1946); \"The Time and","title":"Robert Paul Smith"},{"psg_id":"18787753","text":"What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \"Change\". The song reached number 22 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn","title":"What I Did Right"},{"psg_id":"10802423","text":"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? is a book by biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever detailing his response to the claims of minimalists to the historicity and value of the Hebrew Bible. Dever's book is a response to recent trends in biblical scholarship and biblical archaeology which question whether the bible can be used as a reliable tool for interpreting history. The book begins with Dever's explanation of the \"minimalist\" position, which holds that the bible is a product of","title":"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?"},{"psg_id":"11856927","text":"postage mistakenly on the cost of sending a Penguin paperback, and \"What Hetty Did\" was printed on superior paper with card covers, so it was heavier than expected and he lost money on postage. However the book sold well at £3.95 a copy and he soon had another 3,000 copies printed. The novel is still published by The Quince Tree Press. The book is notable for the fact that he gave his name as James Carr on the spine and J.L. Carr on the front. Carr was christened Joseph Lloyd and adopted the name 'Jim' or even 'James' in his","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"psg_id":"15652799","text":"poems from \"The Listener\", and in 1936 succeeded Michael Roberts as chief reviewer of poetry in T.S. Eliot's quarterly \"The Criterion\". Between 1936 and 1939 she wrote over a hundred reviews for London weeklies, of books by Scots writers or on Scottish subjects. Finding herself with three small children in Penrith during the war, while Michael worked in London for the BBC's European Service, she wrote \"Mountain Holidays\" (1946; reissued 1996), in which she recalled pre-war climbs in Scotland and the Alps. In London from 1945 onwards, Janet Adam Smith continued to write and edit. To the series \"Britain in","title":"Janet Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"7999939","text":"Adam Smith Centre Adam Smith Center () is a think-tank based in Poland. It has been called \"the most important think tank in Poland\". It was founded in 1989 based on an earlier group of anti-communist opposition and named after Adam Smith and similar eponymous institute based in the United Kingdom. Among its members are roughly 50 economists, political scientists and sociologists. The organization also publishes the Polish Tax Freedom Day analysis. Although non-partisan, the center espouses free market and classical liberal views. Among its members are Robert Gwiazdowski, Cezary Józefiak, Jan Winiecki, Andrzej Sadowski, Andrzej J. Piotrowski, Przemysław Wipler,","title":"Adam Smith Centre"},{"psg_id":"3895337","text":"act of the Liberian legislature. The institution makes no statement suggesting that it has a physical campus. Adam Smith University is accredited by the republic of San Marino as a recognized Higher Educational Institution on 18 November 2009. Four states in the United States of America and Korea specifically list Adam Smith University as unaccredited. At one time, Adam Smith used accreditation by the unrecognized agency World Association of Universities and Colleges, and later Grunewald participated in founding another unrecognized accreditor, the International Association of Universities and Schools, but both of these affiliations were terminated before 2004. The Texas Higher","title":"Adam Smith University"},{"psg_id":"2468044","text":"the railways, the ASI has been an advocate of the privatised system, writing that much of the rise in passenger numbers since privatisation cannot be attributed to other factors. It has called for increased competition through the use of open access operators or having two operators sharing a franchise and competing with each other. Adam Smith Institute The Adam Smith Institute (ASI) is a neoliberal (formerly libertarian) think tank and lobbying group based in the United Kingdom and named after Adam Smith, a Scottish moral philosopher and classical economist. The libertarian label was officially changed to neoliberal on 10 October","title":"Adam Smith Institute"},{"psg_id":"2468017","text":"Adam Smith Institute The Adam Smith Institute (ASI) is a neoliberal (formerly libertarian) think tank and lobbying group based in the United Kingdom and named after Adam Smith, a Scottish moral philosopher and classical economist. The libertarian label was officially changed to neoliberal on 10 October 2016. The Institute advocates free market and classical liberal ideas, primarily via the formation of radical policy options with regard to public choice theory, which political decision makers seek to develop upon. ASI President Madsen Pirie has sought to describe the activity of the organisation as \"[w]e propose things which people regard as being","title":"Adam Smith Institute"},{"psg_id":"10764495","text":"accusing the foundation of engaging in a misleading billboard campaign regarding their perception that use of the Missouri Plan had allowed for the appointment of \"activist judges.\" The column noted that the billboards prompted between 25 and 40 calls to a Springfield attorney who is a member of the state's Appellate Judicial Commission, which is in charge of choosing nominees for the state's Supreme Court and appellate courts. Adam Smith Foundation \"This article concerns the Adam Smith Foundation based in the state of Missouri in the United States, as opposed to the Adam Smith Foundation based at the University of","title":"Adam Smith Foundation"},{"psg_id":"10764490","text":"Foundation sponsored a series of radio ads and billboards critical of the Missouri Plan method for the nonpartisan selection of judges. The Adam Smith Foundation supports \"Right to Work,\" the principle that employees should not be forced to join unions or to pay union dues. The Adam Smith Foundation believes in low taxes and making sure that the government lives within its means. In an Op-Ed piece published in the \"Southeast Missourian\", John Elliott, the President of the Adam Smith Foundation, argued that the recent state surplus should be given back to the public either through tax cuts or through","title":"Adam Smith Foundation"},{"psg_id":"10764489","text":"of Missouri on February 21, 2007. Jo Mannies, in a blog entry in the \"St. Louis Post Dispatch\", noted that the organization was founded by a group of Missouri Republican activists. The President of the Adam Smith Foundation is William Clark \"Buddy\" Hardin IV of St. Charles, Missouri. The Twitter handle for the Adam Smith Foundation is @adamsmithfndn. The Adam Smith Foundation opposes the process by which Missouri's appellate judges are appointed, believing it gives too much influence to plaintiffs' attorneys. This process is known as the \"Missouri Nonpartisan Court Plan,\" and the Missouri Plan. Shortly after its launch the","title":"Adam Smith Foundation"},{"psg_id":"10149538","text":"is able to leave the club. Lauren and Audrina get into an argument with Heidi and Spencer outside of Les Deux, where Lauren delivers the now-famous quote \"You know what you did!\", elaborating that \"You started a sick little rumor about me! You're a sad, pathetic person.\" The following morning, Heidi explains to her co-worker Elodie Otto that she was unaware of said speculation, and still wants to reconcile with Lauren. Meanwhile, Lauren tells Whitney that she is saddened by the idea of losing her friend, although admits that she has benefited from their separation. \"You Know What You Did\"","title":"You Know What You Did"},{"psg_id":"15721808","text":"What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? Diet in Biblical Times is a 2008 book by Nathan MacDonald that discusses the foods eaten by Israelites during the time that the Bible was written. MacDonald, a theologian who serves as a lecturer at St Andrews University, used biblical texts as well as archaeological and anthropological evidence in his attempts to determine the diet of the Israelites. MacDonald decided to write the book while writing another book on the symbolism of food in the Hebrew Bible that contained a chapter on the diet of the Israelites. Nathan","title":"What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat?"},{"psg_id":"2450135","text":"Adam Smith (politician) David Adam Smith (born June 15, 1965) is an American politician. A Democrat, he has served as a member of the United States House of Representatives since 1997, representing Washington's 9th congressional district. Born in Washington, D.C. and raised in SeaTac, Washington, Smith was adopted as an infant by Lelia June (née Grant) and his maternal uncle Ben Martin Smith III. He attended Bow Lake Elementary and Chinook Middle School, before graduating from Tyee High School in 1983. While in high school Smith participated in the Close Up Washington civic education program. His father, who worked for","title":"Adam Smith (politician)"},{"psg_id":"13281710","text":"of 2011, Smith joined the faculty of the Cornell University's Department of Anthropology where he served as Department Chairperson from 2014-2017. Smith's research is dedicated to the archaeology and anthropology of the South Caucasus, particularly the area of modern Armenia, where most of his work has been focused. His work investigates \"the role that the material world—everyday objects, representational media, natural and built landscapes—plays in our political lives\". Smith is a winner of a 2010 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation fellowship Adam T. Smith Adam T. Smith is Goldwin Smith Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology, Cornell University.","title":"Adam T. Smith"},{"psg_id":"13247030","text":"Jeremy Adam Smith Jeremy Adam Smith (born April 4, 1970) is the editor of \"Greater Good\" magazine, which is published by the UC Berkeley Greater Good Science Center. He is also the author or co-editor of five books, founding editor of Shareable.net, and an investigative journalist and essayist whose work focuses on education, family, and community life. Before becoming a full-time writer and editor, Smith launched the Independent Press Development Fund and served as publisher of \"Dollars and Sense\" magazine. In 2010-11, Smith was a John S. Knight journalism fellow at Stanford University. Smith is the author of \"The Daddy","title":"Jeremy Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"20930035","text":"Adam Smith-Neale Adam Smith-Neale (born 29 October 1993) is an English darts player, currently playing in both the British Darts Organisation and Professional Darts Corporation Challenge tour events. Smith-Neale started playing in the Professional Darts Corporation at the age of 17 in 2011 when he entered the World Youth Championships and lost in the last 64 to Lewis Venes. The following January Smith-Neale entered Q School and after making the last 16 all 4 days he was given a 2 year tour card to play the Pro tour. Through those 2 years Smith-Neale split his time between playing on the","title":"Adam Smith-Neale"},{"psg_id":"17872","text":"subsequently confiscated his book and punished him severely for reading it. According to William Robert Scott, \"The Oxford of [Smith's] time gave little if any help towards what was to be his lifework.\" Nevertheless, Smith took the opportunity while at Oxford to teach himself several subjects by reading many books from the shelves of the large Bodleian Library. When Smith was not studying on his own, his time at Oxford was not a happy one, according to his letters. Near the end of his time there, Smith began suffering from shaking fits, probably the symptoms of a nervous breakdown. He","title":"Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"13633202","text":"ends. In his book \"Nightmare Movies: Horror on Screen Since the 1960s\", Kim Newman argues that \"I Saw What You Did\" was responsible for the eventual creation of Dark Castle Entertainment, a production company that created remakes of horror films. In \"Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography\", Lawrence J. Quirk and William Schoell refer to the film as \"abysmall\" and consider it inferior to the original. Similarly, in his book \"Movie and Video Guide 1993\", film critic Leonard Maltin refers to the film as \"bland\", compared to the original. I Saw What You Did (1988 film) I Saw What You Did","title":"I Saw What You Did (1988 film)"},{"psg_id":"20430845","text":"Adam Smith (coach) Adam Smith is a soccer coach and former goalkeeper. He is head coach at Fresno FC in the US United Soccer League. Smith formerly was the assistant head coach for Sacramento Republic in which he spent three years with and was the technical director for youth soccer club FC Elk Grove. Smith's professional coaching career started as a player/assistant coach at Wilmington Hammerheads in the USL D-3 Pro League in 2001. Later in his career he joined Portland Timbers, where he became the inaugural Goalkeeping Coach for the teams' first year in Major League Soccer. Smith later","title":"Adam Smith (coach)"},{"psg_id":"20930038","text":"Masters. Not being a seed meant that he had to start the tournament at the first round but Smith-Neale won through the first 5 rounds on the floor to reach the stage finals. He defeated Daniel Day 3-0 in the last 32, Mark McGeeney 3-2 in the last 16, Wayne Warren 4-1 in the quarter-finals, Jim Williams 5-3 in the semi-final and BDO Number 1 Glen Durrant 6-4 in the final. Winning the World Masters meant Smith-Neale qualified for the 2019 BDO World Championship, and the 2018 Grand Slam of Darts. Adam Smith-Neale Adam Smith-Neale (born 29 October 1993) is","title":"Adam Smith-Neale"},{"psg_id":"13281709","text":"Adam T. Smith Adam T. Smith is Goldwin Smith Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology, Cornell University. He is also co-founder (with Ruben Badalyan) of The American-Armenian Project for the Archaeology and Geography of Ancient Transcaucasian Societies (Project ArAGATS) and co-director (with Lori Khatchadourian) of The Aragats Foundation. Smith received an M.Phil. from Cambridge University (1991) and a Ph.D. from the University of Arizona's Department of Anthropology (1996). He was then a member of the University of Michigan's Society of Fellows from 1997-2000 before joining the Department of Anthropology at the University of Chicago. Beginning in the Fall","title":"Adam T. Smith"},{"psg_id":"10802427","text":"up the argument of the book, stating that there was an ancient Israel, that the bible was written from a genuine historical core, and that archaeology can identify this core and prevent Israel from being \"written out of history\". The book received mixed reviews. Conservative scholars commended Dever for his critique on minimalism but were disappointed by his failure to defend the historicity of the bible prior to the age of David and Solomon. Others chided his inability to distance himself from his obsessions: What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Did the Biblical","title":"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?"},{"psg_id":"17282778","text":"‘Wot Do U Call It?’ and ‘A.I.P.S’ which looked at a group of Englishmen who reenact the Vietnam war in Kent. ’Ghetto on Sea’ for BBC THREE charted the trials and tribulations of running a pirate radio station. In 2016 Adam completed his first feature, \"Trespass Against Us\", starring Michael Fassbender, Sean Harris and Brendan Gleeson. He lives with the artist Martha Freud. Adam Smith (director) Adam Smith is an English film, television drama, documentary, and music video director. His filmmaking journey began as a teenager, making visuals for raves and nightclubs in a creative collective, which he co founded,","title":"Adam Smith (director)"},{"psg_id":"13675535","text":"of the fan base. One deranged fanboy in particular, Jerome T. Kornacker, is so outraged that his favorite superheroine is being \"perverted,\" that he takes radical steps to stop the change. \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\" is a tongue-in-cheek look at the comic book industry, the artists who create comics, the corporations that publish and sell them, and the fans who support and consume the books. The story is also an exploration of 1990s lesbian feminist thought. What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the","title":"What They Did to Princess Paragon"},{"psg_id":"2450143","text":"also prohibits military commissions and indefinite detention for individuals detained in the United States and affirms that any trial proceedings “shall have all the due process as provided for under the Constitution.” Smith co-sponsored, with Republican congressman Mac Thornberry, an amendment to the fiscal 2013 defense spending bill reversing previous bans on disseminating Defense and State Department propaganda in the United States, reversing the Smith-Mundt Act of 1948 and the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1987, designed to protect U.S. audiences from government misinformation campaigns. The bill passed on May 18, 2012, 299 to 120. Adam Smith (politician) David Adam","title":"Adam Smith (politician)"},{"psg_id":"20430849","text":"license (Welsh Football Association) English Preliminary Award (English FA) USSF A license (US Soccer) USSF National GK license (US Soccer) USSF Pro B license (US Soccer) NSCAA National GK License (Utd Soccer coaches) NSCAA Director of Coaching (Utd Soccer coaches) Adam Smith (coach) Adam Smith is a soccer coach and former goalkeeper. He is head coach at Fresno FC in the US United Soccer League. Smith formerly was the assistant head coach for Sacramento Republic in which he spent three years with and was the technical director for youth soccer club FC Elk Grove. Smith's professional coaching career started as","title":"Adam Smith (coach)"},{"psg_id":"17282773","text":"Adam Smith (director) Adam Smith is an English film, television drama, documentary, and music video director. His filmmaking journey began as a teenager, making visuals for raves and nightclubs in a creative collective, which he co founded, called Vegetable Vision. Smith started his television directing career in 2007, with four episodes of the television series \"Skins\". He then went on to directing episodes of the BBC One drama \"Little Dorrit\", based on Charles Dickens' novel. In 2010, he directed the first episode of the revival fifth series of \"Doctor Who\", 'The Eleventh Hour' and episodes four and five titled 'The","title":"Adam Smith (director)"},{"psg_id":"16918900","text":"Power, author of the book that was the source material for the movie, the university scenes at the end of the film were shot at University College Dublin. Reviews for \"What Richard Did\" were overwhelmingly positive. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating with an average rating of 7.6/10 based on 30 reviews. On the review aggregator Metacritic, the film has a score of 80 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Peter Bradshaw, writing in \"The Guardian\", called the film slow-burning and disturbing. \"Abrahamson shows that whatever the failings and weaknesses","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"9267139","text":"of the Board of Directors for the Royal Humane Society Australasia, and from 1983 to 2001 she was a Committee Member of the Museum of Victoria. Her Order of Australia, awarded in 1994, was made in recognition of her service to community history, particularly through the preservation of national traditions and folklore and the recording of oral histories. While her main study of and work in oral history was carried out in Australia, Ireland, England and the US, her research took her to over 60 countries. Adam-Smith wrote on a wide range of subjects, but her deepest interest was Australian","title":"Patsy Adam-Smith"},{"psg_id":"15652808","text":"low Buchan's reputation stood in the early Sixties. He was dismissed as a mere entertainer with disreputable political and social views. Janet Adam Smith corrected misconceptions and restored him to his proper status as a serious writer and public figure. Everyone who has written subsequently on Buchan is in her debt. Like all her work, the biography was written with a beautiful and authoritative lucidity. “Though she wrote no major work after Buchan, she remained an industrious literary journalist … She remained intellectually alert and eager to read new work into extreme old age. … “Based in England throughout her","title":"Janet Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"15652806","text":"is situated in the Radcliffe Science Library in Parks Road in Oxford. Within this library it is on Level 5. In an obituary published in \"The Scotsman\" shortly after her death in September 1999, the Scottish novelist and journalist Allan Massie wrote: “The critical study of Scottish literature owes much to Janet Adam Smith. … Ernest Mehew, the editor of the great Yale University edition of Stevenson's Letters, paid tribute to the ‘leading part’ she played ‘in the revival of critical interest in Stevenson's life and work at a time when he was largely ignored in academic circles’. He referred","title":"Janet Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"7347822","text":"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode","title":"What Kate Did"},{"psg_id":"1504186","text":"of Mormon fundamentalism generally accept the Adam–God doctrine. The LDS Church's disavowal of the doctrine contributes to what fundamentalists perceive to be a general intellectual or spiritual retreat by the church from doctrines felt to be excessively challenging to their preconceptions. Along with the practice of plural marriage, belief in the Adam–God doctrine became a defining aspect of the Mormon fundamentalist movement. The Apostolic United Brethren (AUB), a fundamentalist Mormon group, accepts the Adam–God teaching, and their leader Joseph W. Musser wrote a book on it in the 1930s. In the book, Musser contended that the rejection of the doctrine","title":"Adam–God doctrine"},{"psg_id":"3895340","text":"Smith's listing on the ODA website to remove the term \"diploma mill.\" This change followed the settlement of a lawsuit filed against ODA by the unaccredited Kennedy-Western University. Oregon has made it illegal to use in any professional context a degree from an institution not having what it judges to be the equivalent of regional accreditation in the USA. Adam Smith has refused to seek such accreditation, and consequently when its degrees are used in that state, it must be explicitly stated that the degree is unaccredited.(See reference for the legally required wording for the disclaimer.) It was reported by","title":"Adam Smith University"},{"psg_id":"20510068","text":"What the Hell Did I Just Read What the Hell Did I Just Read: A Novel of Cosmic Horror is a 2017 comic horror novel written by Jason Pargin under the pseudonym of David Wong. It is the third book in the series after \"John Dies at the End\" and \"This Book Is Full of Spiders\". The novel continues to follow author surrogate David Wong, his best friend John and his girlfriend Amy, who are living in an American Midwest town, the name of which is Undisclosed. The town has long been a place from which eldritch creatures enter our","title":"What the Hell Did I Just Read"},{"psg_id":"20656147","text":"What Made America Famous? \"What Made America Famous?\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his 1974 album, Verities & Balderdash. It has also been included on numerous posthumous compilation albums. The song inspired Chapin to write the award nominated Broadway musical, The Night That Made America Famous. The song shows a man, his girlfriend, and kids living in a rundown home. Eventually, a house fire starts, and they need rescue. It is continually asked in the song if anybody cares. It ends with the firefighters waiting to respond to \"let them sweat","title":"What Made America Famous?"},{"psg_id":"8007406","text":"wrote about it in the famous Lebanese newspaper An-Nahar that The Gospel According to Adam is \"An experimental and substantial jump in narration style in the modern Egyptian novels\". The Gospel According to Adam The Gospel According To Adam is a 2006 novel by Muhammad Aladdin, and has been published by Merit Publishing House in Egypt. It is his first novel followed by \"The Twenty-Second Day\" in 2007. Aladdin that he wrote the novel in two days, separated by 6 months, and that he did not change a word of it. it made Aladdin name in the Arabic literary scene,","title":"The Gospel According to Adam"},{"psg_id":"14196352","text":"a steady schedule of live dates while working with Stern, recording \"Sgt. Pecker\", \"F Jackie\", and \"The Very Best of Jackie Martling's Talking Joke Book Cassettes, Vol. 1\". What Did You Expect? (Jackie Martling album) What Did You Expect? is an album by American comedian, comedy writer and radio personality Jackie Martling. The album was released on Martling's Off Hour Rockers label on September 12, 1979. In 1979, Martling issued his debut LP, \"What Did You Expect?\" He released two more albums, 1980's \"Goin' Ape!\" and 1981's \"Normal People Are People You Don't Know That Well\". Martling sent all three","title":"What Did You Expect? (Jackie Martling album)"},{"psg_id":"18937073","text":"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"18937071","text":"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"18531816","text":"Adam Smith (footballer, born 1992) Adam Clifford Smith (born 23 November 1992) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Bristol Rovers. Born in Sunderland, Smith joined Leicester City from Middlesbrough in 2010. On 16 September 2011 he was loaned to Chesterfield, but was only a backup to Greg Fleming during his spell. In early January 2012 Smith joined Conference Premier side Lincoln City on loan, again as cover, until the end of the season. On 25 October 2012, Smith signed for another Conference side in Nuneaton Town, on an initial one-month loan. Smith made his senior","title":"Adam Smith (footballer, born 1992)"},{"psg_id":"8079400","text":"on a limestone ashlar foundation. The front facade's main feature is a one-story porch with a flat roof, single and triple columns, and scrolled brackets. The house was renovated and relocated in 2004 a short distance to the east and now sits prominently in the \"town square\" of a new urbanism neighborhood called Smith's Crossing. Adam and Mary Smith House The Adam and Mary Smith House was built in c.1872 by Adam Smith, who came to do shingle work on the Wisconsin State Capitol decades earlier. The home was done in Italianate style. It is located in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin.","title":"Adam and Mary Smith House"},{"psg_id":"2468020","text":"experience in the United States, they returned to the United Kingdom in 1977 to found their own think tank, called the Adam Smith Institute. After a year, Stuart Butler returned to the United States as Vice President of the Heritage in charge of domestic policy while Eamonn Butler remained with Madsen Pirie as co-directors of the Institute. One of their St Andrews friends, Douglas Mason, who had been active in the university's Conservative Association, did his most influential research and writing for the Institute. Mason became one of its regular authors. The ASI's Omega Project (1981–1983) led by Peter Young","title":"Adam Smith Institute"},{"psg_id":"7999940","text":"Andrzej Szczęśniak, Ireneusz Jabłoński and Krzysztof Dzierżawski. The center was officially created on 16 September 1989, soon after the Polish Round Table Agreement and the start of a peaceful transition to democracy in Poland. However, most of its initial members came from the \"Akcja Gospodarcza\" society (est. 1988), a loose group of free market-oriented economists supporting the opposition to communist government of Poland. Adam Smith Centre Adam Smith Center () is a think-tank based in Poland. It has been called \"the most important think tank in Poland\". It was founded in 1989 based on an earlier group of anti-communist opposition","title":"Adam Smith Centre"},{"psg_id":"7184089","text":"that work against the people, that were synonymous with Thatcherite and Reaganite governments\". Instead they chose to use the name Jennie Lee Students’ Association, after a local socialist MP. In April 2008, the students took the decision rename the association the Adam Smith College Students' Association. In 2012 the college became embroiled in controversy amid claims of systemic abuse, bullying and victimisation of staff and students, and misappropriation of finances, by senior management. This led to internal investigations by the college's Board of Governors and Vice Principal of HR. According to the Interested Parties of Adam Smith College (an anonymous","title":"Adam Smith College"},{"psg_id":"7184088","text":"Greenspan KBE, who spoke while Chairman of the Federal Reserve in the USA; and Sir Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England, both of whom were introduced by The Rt Hon Gordon Brown MP, former Prime Minister and last Chancellor of the College. It is expected that Fife College will continue the lecture series. The Adam Smith College Students’ Association organised campaigns and social activities and also provided support services and confidential help for College students. The Students' Association caused controversy in 2005 when they rejected the name of Adam Smith, stating that \"He is associated with socio-economic policies","title":"Adam Smith College"},{"psg_id":"2468027","text":"things as the goals of young people and students, and public attitudes to state services. In 1992, the Institute founded a consulting company, Adam Smith International Ltd, which was \"charged with overseeing the overseas work of the institute [in] an attempt to capitalise on the growing international trend towards economic liberalization and marketization\". While Eamonn Butler and Madsen Pirie were as of 1998 members of the management board of both organisations, the management teams of Adam Smith International and the Institute are now separate. In November 2018, it emerged that in July 2018 the Institute welcomed a supporter, who had","title":"Adam Smith Institute"},{"psg_id":"15652809","text":"adult life, she nevertheless remained committed to Scotland and Scottish literature. Karl Miller was right in seeing her as being an heir of the Edinburgh Reviewers, for she was one of the last representatives of the Scottish Enlightenment, marrying clear and bold thinking to generous feeling.\" Janet Adam Smith Janet Buchanan Adam Smith OBE (9 December 1905 – 11 September 1999) was a writer, editor, literary journalist and champion of Scottish literature. She was active from the 1930s through to the end of the century and noted for her elegant prose, her penetrating judgement, her independence of mind – and","title":"Janet Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"15652794","text":"others glow in response.” She was born into the old Scots intellectual elite. Her father, Sir George Adam Smith FBA (1856–1942), was a Biblical scholar, Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis, at the Free Church College in Glasgow, and then, from 1909 to 1935, Principal of Aberdeen University. Her mother was Lilian Adam Smith, daughter of Sir George Buchanan, FRS, in whose honour the Royal Society's Buchanan Medal was created. Janet was brought up in a tradition of high thinking and simple but certainly not austere living. In 1919 she went to Cheltenham Ladies' College, and in 1923 went","title":"Janet Adam Smith"},{"psg_id":"8079399","text":"Adam and Mary Smith House The Adam and Mary Smith House was built in c.1872 by Adam Smith, who came to do shingle work on the Wisconsin State Capitol decades earlier. The home was done in Italianate style. It is located in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It is a two-story cross-gable main section with a two-story rear-gabled wing, built of load-bearing brick masonry walls. Italianate aspects include its scrolled brackets, limestone sills supported by brackets, brick dentil molding below the cornice, wood dentil molding above. It was built","title":"Adam and Mary Smith House"},{"psg_id":"13672572","text":"in a 2–1 away win against West Bromwich Albion. Smith has represented England at various youth team levels. AFC Bournemouth Adam Smith (footballer, born 1991) Adam James Smith (born 29 April 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays for AFC Bournemouth. He has also represented England at under-21 level. Smith is a product of the Tottenham Hotspur youth academy. In August 2009, Smith joined Wycombe Wanderers on a short-term loan as cover for two injured right backs, making his Football League debut away against Charlton Athletic on 8 August 2009. After a short loan spell at Wycombe Wanderers, which","title":"Adam Smith (footballer, born 1991)"},{"psg_id":"17892","text":"to the moderate wing of the Church of Scotland. The fact that Adam Smith received the Snell Exhibition suggests that he may have gone to Oxford with the intention of pursuing a career in the Church of England. Anglo-American economist Ronald Coase has challenged the view that Smith was a deist, based on the fact that Smith's writings never explicitly invoke God as an explanation of the harmonies of the natural or the human worlds. According to Coase, though Smith does sometimes refer to the \"Great Architect of the Universe\", later scholars such as Jacob Viner have \"very much exaggerated","title":"Adam Smith"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15652793\",\n \"text\": \"Janet Adam Smith Janet Buchanan Adam Smith OBE (9 December 1905 – 11 September 1999) was a writer, editor, literary journalist and champion of Scottish literature. She was active from the 1930s through to the end of the century and noted for her elegant prose, her penetrating judgement, her independence of mind – and her deep love of mountains and mountaineering. Leonard Miall wrote: “Biographer, mountaineer, critic, literary editor, textual scholar, comic versifier, visiting professor, hostess, anthologist, traveller – there seemed to be nothing at which Janet Adam Smith did not shine. And she shone with an intensity that made\",\n \"title\": \"Janet Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15807114\",\n \"text\": \"What I Wrote What I Wrote is a TV series broadcast on ABCTV 1 in Australia. The series focuses on Australian writers talking about their work. They are interviewed and presented by Dr. Tess Brady. The first series broadcast on ABC TV 1 in February 2010. The second series broadcast from mid October 2010. Joanna Murray-Smith discusses the power of words in Nightfall Joanna Murray-Smith explores love, identity and belonging in Honour Louis Nowra talks about shedding the misconceptions of childhood in Radiance Louis Nowra discusses art and claims it should not be relevant in Cosi Hannie Rayson explores family\",\n \"title\": \"What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17934\",\n \"text\": \"demolished in the 19th century to make way for an iron foundry. Smith has been celebrated by advocates of free-market policies as the founder of free-market economics, a view reflected in the naming of bodies such as the Adam Smith Institute in London, the Adam Smith Society and the Australian Adam Smith Club, and in terms such as the Adam Smith necktie. Alan Greenspan argues that, while Smith did not coin the term \\\"laissez-faire\\\", \\\"it was left to Adam Smith to identify the more-general set of principles that brought conceptual clarity to the seeming chaos of market transactions\\\". Greenspan continues\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7184087\",\n \"text\": \"encourage students to achieve their full potential. All funds received from donors are transferred directly to the successful students and no money was retained by the College/Foundation. These awards are used to provide direct assistance to students to support and augment their studies. The Adam Smith Foundation has now become the charitable trust of Fife College. The Adam Smith Lecture celebrates the life and work of Kirkcaldy's most famous son, Adam Smith – a leading figure of the Scottish Enlightenment and the father of modern economics. The Adam Smith Lecture series has attracted prestigious national and international speakers including: Alan\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17946\",\n \"text\": \"could subsist a month, and scarce any a year without employment. In the long run, the workman may be as necessary to his master as his master is to him, but the necessity is not so immediate. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Adam Smith Adam Smith ( 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith wrote two classic works, \\\"The Theory of Moral Sentiments\\\" (1759) and \\\"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11295526\",\n \"text\": \"Smith (editor) and Rachel Fershleiser's six-word memoirs are, respectively, \\\"Big hair, big heart, big hurry\\\" and \\\"Bespectacled, besneakered, read and ran around.\\\" In an interview with Adam Phillips of VOA News and the online audio program \\\"Wordmaster,\\\" Rachel Fershleiser defines a \\\"memoir\\\" as the following: Larry Smith followed up by defining \\\"memoir\\\" in his words: This project spawned a book collection of Six-Word Memoirs. The book, \\\"Not Quite What I Was Planning: Six-Word Memoirs by Writers Famous & Obscure\\\" is the first in the Six-Word Memoir series. Editors Smith & Fershleiser traveled around the country in 2008 on a Six-Word\",\n \"title\": \"Smith Magazine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9267140\",\n \"text\": \"railways. She contributed actively to Australia's literary community, and in 1973 she was State President of Australian Writers in Victoria and the Federal President of the Fellowship of Australian Writers. In 1978 her book \\\"The Anzacs\\\" shared The Age Book of the Year Award and was made into a 13-part TV series. Her autobiography was published in two parts: \\\"Hear The Train Blow\\\" and the award-winning \\\"Good-bye Girlie\\\". Patsy Adam-Smith Patricia Jean Adam-Smith (31 May 1924 – 20 September 2001), born in Melbourne, though spent her early years in Nowingi, was an Australian author, historian and servicewoman. She was a\",\n \"title\": \"Patsy Adam-Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9267137\",\n \"text\": \"Patsy Adam-Smith Patricia Jean Adam-Smith (31 May 1924 – 20 September 2001), born in Melbourne, though spent her early years in Nowingi, was an Australian author, historian and servicewoman. She was a prolific writer on a range of subjects covering history, folklore and the preservation of national traditions\\\", and wrote a two-part autobiography. Her other notable works include \\\"The Anzacs\\\" (1978), \\\"Australian Women at War\\\" (1984) and \\\"Prisoners of War\\\" (1992). Born \\\"illegitimately\\\", Patricia Jean Smith was adopted by railway workers, her mother a station-mistress and her father a fettler. She lived in a number of small Victorian country towns\",\n \"title\": \"Patsy Adam-Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579047\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579043\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578097\",\n \"text\": \"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \\\"Tramp\\\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \\\"Katy\\\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \\\"Katy\\\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \\\"Katy\\\", which is a modern retelling of \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" was followed by four sequels: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149533\",\n \"text\": \"You Know What You Did \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" is the first episode of the third season of \\\"The Hills\\\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi Montag after suspecting that Heidi and her boyfriend Spencer Pratt fabricated rumors of a sex tape involving Lauren and her ex-boyfriend Jason Wahler. The ensuing feud between the women becomes a central focus of the series, and is carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad appears. \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2883582\",\n \"text\": \"of Aberdeen. He died at home, \\\"Sweethillocks\\\" in Balerno south-west of Edinburgh on 3 March 1942. He is buried with his wife and children in the north-east corner of Currie Cemetery in south-west Edinburgh. Most of his papers are held in the National Library of Scotland, in Edinburgh. His \\\"Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land\\\" (HGHL), published in London in 1915, remains a standard reference book until today. In 1889 he married Alice Lillian Buchanan (1866-1949), daughter of Sir George Buchanan MD FRS. They had seven children: George Adam Smith The Very Reverend Sir George Adam Smith,\",\n \"title\": \"George Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10764488\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith Foundation \\\"This article concerns the Adam Smith Foundation based in the state of Missouri in the United States, as opposed to the Adam Smith Foundation based at the University of Glasgow in Scotland.\\\" The Adam Smith Foundation is a 501(c)(4) conservative advocacy organization in Jefferson City, Missouri. In 2007, it received its exempt organization status from the IRS and now brings in $348,750 in annual inc that focuses on the issues of right to work, education reform, balanced budget amendment, judicial reform, and tax reform. The Adam Smith Foundation was formed as a nonprofit corporation in the State\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16109049\",\n \"text\": \"with Smith in The Ethels appears on some scenes in the film alongside Adam Neal Smith. Adam Neal Smith Adam Neal Smith is a Dallas, Texas-born and Los Angeles-based film and theater actor, and musician in a band and film music composer. He studied at University of North Texas majoring in history. He also took up acting lessons and enrolled in Los Angeles' Second City Conservatory. Adam Neal Smith formed the band The Ethels in Fort Worth, Texas alongside Ethel Lung, in 2002. Smith was on vocals and guitar and Lung on vocals and drums. The band relocated to Los\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Neal Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7263691\",\n \"text\": \"2016, Shout! Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray Disc under their sub-label, Scream Factory. \\\"I Saw What You Did\\\" was remade for television in 1988 with Robert Carradine, David Carradine, Tammy Lauren and Shawnee Smith. I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was\",\n \"title\": \"I Saw What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3895339\",\n \"text\": \"referred to Adam Smith University as a degree mill, and he noted that it operated in Louisiana due to the absence of laws regulating the granting of degrees. Adam Smith University and Columbia State University have the same address, which is \\\"likely a mail forwarding address\\\". Other critics have described Adam Smith University as a \\\"diploma mill\\\". Alan Contreras from the Oregon State Office of Degree Authorization (ODA), an agency of that state's government, called Adam Smith \\\"a diploma mill with a long and unattractive history\\\" in an article written in a personal capacity. However, in 2005, he updated Adam\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3895334\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith University Adam Smith University (also known as Adam Smith University of Liberia and École Supérieure Universitaire Adam Smith) is an unaccredited private distance learning university founded in 1991 by Dr. Donald Grunewald (MA Harvard 1955, MBA Harvard 1959, DBA Harvard 1962), who is still its president. Grunewald was president of Mercy College between 1972 and 1984. Since 1984 Grunewald is professor of Management at the Hagan School of Business at Iona College, teaching courses in Business Policy and Strategic Management (source: Iona college). Grunewald served as a Member of Advisory Board of The Wilton Bank (source: Bloomberg). Adam\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14299214\",\n \"text\": \"in Edinburgh, Scotland during 1788 to 1790. In 2008, Adam Smith's Panmure House was purchased by the Edinburgh Business School. Work began on the restoration of Panmure House into a centre for economic and social debate and the latest academic thinking in July 2016 and is scheduled to be completed in the autumn of 2018. Adam Smith House Several houses in Scotland are referred to as the Adam Smith House, as each was the home of economist Adam Smith. Adam Smith lived with his mother, in his mother's house, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, during 1767–1776. That house, on High Street, is\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1872891\",\n \"text\": \"in the mirror. Sadly, this potentially-fascinating element of the movie is dismissed quickly to facilitate a higher body count. And, as I said before, a few extra deaths can only make a slasher movie better, right?\\\" Film scholar Adam Rockoff notes in his book \\\"Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978–1986\\\" that at the time of its release, many critics branded \\\"I Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" as an imitation of \\\"Scream\\\"; however, he contends that it is a \\\"much different film,\\\" even in spite of the fact that their respective screenplays were penned\",\n \"title\": \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578085\",\n \"text\": \"up: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" and \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\\\"Clover\\\" and \\\"In the High Valley\\\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578084\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11463660\",\n \"text\": \"Branagh. The play proved a prolonged success and earned positive reviews. Michael Billington, reviewing for \\\"The Guardian\\\", wrote: \\\"The real joy of the evening, however, is that the gags come thick and fast, producing a kind of comic delirium. Matt Wolf, reviewing for \\\"Variety\\\", wrote \\\"...it’s the innocence of “The Play What I Wrote” (the grammatical inaccuracy of the title is part of its point) that represents the evening’s best calling card...the evening trades in old-fashioned verbal jokes...and visual ones.\\\" It won Foley and McColl a joint Best Actor nomination at the 2002 Laurence Olivier Awards and, although they did\",\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7184093\",\n \"text\": \"external enquiry into these allegations..” An Adam Smith College spokesman confirmed that two Executive Directors were already being investigated, saying “These are being fully investigated and will comply with our official procedures.\\\" Adam Smith College Adam Smith College was a Scottish further and higher education college located over various campuses across the county of Fife. On 1 August 2013 Adam Smith College and Carnegie College came together to form Fife College, creating a new college for the region in line with Government legislation. The land-based elements of Scotland's Rural College, SRUC Elmwood College, were also incorporated in the new Fife\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7184086\",\n \"text\": \"Road, Glenrothes). Outreach centres were located across Fife, including Anstruther, Bowhill and St Andrews. Adam Smith College offered a range of courses from introductory level through to degrees and professional qualifications. Subject areas: The Adam Smith Enterprise and Education Foundation, also known as the Adam Smith Foundation, was the charitable trust of Adam Smith College. The Foundation was established in 1997 to improve and extend opportunities for students. Through partnership with businesses, charitable trusts and individual donors the Foundation developed a Scholarship Programme which provides recognition, a financial award, and in some cases, work experience and internships to support and\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3895341\",\n \"text\": \"The Hindu that Vice-Chancellor of University of Mysore J. Sashidhara Prasad said of ASU, \\\"Beware friends. It only had a tie-up with an institution in a tiny African country.\\\" Adam Smith University Adam Smith University (also known as Adam Smith University of Liberia and École Supérieure Universitaire Adam Smith) is an unaccredited private distance learning university founded in 1991 by Dr. Donald Grunewald (MA Harvard 1955, MBA Harvard 1959, DBA Harvard 1962), who is still its president. Grunewald was president of Mercy College between 1972 and 1984. Since 1984 Grunewald is professor of Management at the Hagan School of Business\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17260062\",\n \"text\": \"Soul for the 2016 season. On April 19, 2017, Smith was assigned to the Soul. Adam Smith (American football) Adam Smith (born April 9, 1990) is an American football offensive guard for the Philadelphia Soul of the Arena Football League (AFL). Smith played college football at Western Kentucky. Adam Smith played college football at Western Kentucky. He was in for 764 plays in 2012 at Western Kentucky. He accumulated 55 knock down blocks and 41 pancake blocks. On April 29, 2013, Adam Smith was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On August 27, 2013, he\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17260061\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith (American football) Adam Smith (born April 9, 1990) is an American football offensive guard for the Philadelphia Soul of the Arena Football League (AFL). Smith played college football at Western Kentucky. Adam Smith played college football at Western Kentucky. He was in for 764 plays in 2012 at Western Kentucky. He accumulated 55 knock down blocks and 41 pancake blocks. On April 29, 2013, Adam Smith was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On August 27, 2013, he was waived by the Buccaneers. On December 11, 2015 Smith was assigned to the Philadelphia\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (American football)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7184084\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith College Adam Smith College was a Scottish further and higher education college located over various campuses across the county of Fife. On 1 August 2013 Adam Smith College and Carnegie College came together to form Fife College, creating a new college for the region in line with Government legislation. The land-based elements of Scotland's Rural College, SRUC Elmwood College, were also incorporated in the new Fife College providing a wide range of courses to choose from. The college was formed on August 1, 2005 by the merger of Glenrothes College and Fife College and is named after Adam\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3895336\",\n \"text\": \"have included Hawaii, Louisiana, Montana, and South Dakota. Adam Smith's current American mailing address is a private mail box in Garapan on Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands, a U.S. commonwealth. Adam Smith University asserts the establishment of a French unit called École Supérieure Universitaire Adam Smith, which offers academic degrees for work experience. According to a letter of the Director General of the Liberian Ministry of Education of 17 September 2004, Adam Smith University has been accredited by the Liberian Ministry of Education since 1995, well before the most recent conflicts, and was accredited as a result of an\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7149508\",\n \"text\": \"inventions that emerged from Ancient Greece. This episode features reports from around the British Isles by Hart-Davis and Darling elaborated by demonstrations from Jopson and a variety of experts that examine the ideas and inventions of the Ancient Britons. What the Ancients Did for Us What the Ancients Did for Us is a 2005 BBC documentary series presented by Adam Hart-Davis that examines the impact of ancient civilizations on modern society. The series was produced in conjunction with the Open University and is a departure from the previous series not only in that each episode is an hour long rather\",\n \"title\": \"What the Ancients Did for Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7149505\",\n \"text\": \"What the Ancients Did for Us What the Ancients Did for Us is a 2005 BBC documentary series presented by Adam Hart-Davis that examines the impact of ancient civilizations on modern society. The series was produced in conjunction with the Open University and is a departure from the previous series not only in that each episode is an hour long rather than half an hour (though heavily edited half-hour versions have also been shown), but also in that it does not concentrate on a single period of history but rather one ancient civilization per episode including the Chinese, the Indians\",\n \"title\": \"What the Ancients Did for Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15807116\",\n \"text\": \"of a father and daughter in Mr Bailey’s Minder Matt Cameron discusses the dark side of suburbia in Ruby Moon Matt Cameron explores the nature of indifference in Tear from a Glass Eye Katherine Thomson talks about our relationship to land and history in Wonderlands Katherine Thomson discusses the end of old style unionism in Harbour Ray Lawler talks about writing Australia onto the stage in Summer of the Seventeenth Doll Ray Lawler talks about becoming a playwright in Finding a Way What I Wrote What I Wrote is a TV series broadcast on ABCTV 1 in Australia. The series\",\n \"title\": \"What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13675534\",\n \"text\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the story of what happens when a venerable comic book superheroine is retconned as a lesbian. Gay comic book creator Brian Parrish is hired by Bang Comics to take over \\\"Princess Paragon\\\", a superhero comic book that's been around since the 1940s, but whose sales are slumping badly by the 1990s. Parrish decides to reimagine Princess Paragon as a lesbian, a move which causes quite a bit of excitement and publicity for Bang, but also causes consternation among some\",\n \"title\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2883579\",\n \"text\": \"George Adam Smith The Very Reverend Sir George Adam Smith, (19 October 1856 – 3 March 1942) was a Scottish theologian. He was born in Calcutta, where his father, George Smith, C.I.E., was then Principal of the Doveton College, a boys' school in Madras. His mother was Janet Colquhoun Smith (nee Adam). By 1870 the family had returned to Scotland and were living at Scagore House in Seafield, Edinburgh. He was educated at Edinburgh in the Royal High School. He then studied Divinity at the University of Edinburgh and the New College, graduating MA in 1875. After studying for summer\",\n \"title\": \"George Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16109047\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Neal Smith Adam Neal Smith is a Dallas, Texas-born and Los Angeles-based film and theater actor, and musician in a band and film music composer. He studied at University of North Texas majoring in history. He also took up acting lessons and enrolled in Los Angeles' Second City Conservatory. Adam Neal Smith formed the band The Ethels in Fort Worth, Texas alongside Ethel Lung, in 2002. Smith was on vocals and guitar and Lung on vocals and drums. The band relocated to Los Angeles where Gordon Bash recorded their demo in summer of 2003. He eventually joined the band\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Neal Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2168268\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Paul Smith Robert Paul Smith (April 16, 1915 – January 30, 1977) was an American author, most famous for his classic evocation of childhood, \\\"Where Did You Go? Out. What Did You Do? Nothing\\\". Robert Paul Smith was born in Brooklyn, grew up in Mount Vernon, NY, and graduated from Columbia College in 1936. He worked as a writer for CBS Radio and wrote four novels: \\\"So It Doesn't Whistle\\\" (1946) (1941, according to Avon Publishing Co., Inc., reprint edition \\\"... Plus Blood in Their Veins\\\" copyright 1952); \\\"The Journey\\\", (1943); \\\"Because of My Love\\\" (1946); \\\"The Time and\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Paul Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787753\",\n \"text\": \"What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \\\"Change\\\". The song reached number 22 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10802423\",\n \"text\": \"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? is a book by biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever detailing his response to the claims of minimalists to the historicity and value of the Hebrew Bible. Dever's book is a response to recent trends in biblical scholarship and biblical archaeology which question whether the bible can be used as a reliable tool for interpreting history. The book begins with Dever's explanation of the \\\"minimalist\\\" position, which holds that the bible is a product of\",\n \"title\": \"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856927\",\n \"text\": \"postage mistakenly on the cost of sending a Penguin paperback, and \\\"What Hetty Did\\\" was printed on superior paper with card covers, so it was heavier than expected and he lost money on postage. However the book sold well at £3.95 a copy and he soon had another 3,000 copies printed. The novel is still published by The Quince Tree Press. The book is notable for the fact that he gave his name as James Carr on the spine and J.L. Carr on the front. Carr was christened Joseph Lloyd and adopted the name 'Jim' or even 'James' in his\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15652799\",\n \"text\": \"poems from \\\"The Listener\\\", and in 1936 succeeded Michael Roberts as chief reviewer of poetry in T.S. Eliot's quarterly \\\"The Criterion\\\". Between 1936 and 1939 she wrote over a hundred reviews for London weeklies, of books by Scots writers or on Scottish subjects. Finding herself with three small children in Penrith during the war, while Michael worked in London for the BBC's European Service, she wrote \\\"Mountain Holidays\\\" (1946; reissued 1996), in which she recalled pre-war climbs in Scotland and the Alps. In London from 1945 onwards, Janet Adam Smith continued to write and edit. To the series \\\"Britain in\",\n \"title\": \"Janet Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7999939\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith Centre Adam Smith Center () is a think-tank based in Poland. It has been called \\\"the most important think tank in Poland\\\". It was founded in 1989 based on an earlier group of anti-communist opposition and named after Adam Smith and similar eponymous institute based in the United Kingdom. Among its members are roughly 50 economists, political scientists and sociologists. The organization also publishes the Polish Tax Freedom Day analysis. Although non-partisan, the center espouses free market and classical liberal views. Among its members are Robert Gwiazdowski, Cezary Józefiak, Jan Winiecki, Andrzej Sadowski, Andrzej J. Piotrowski, Przemysław Wipler,\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Centre\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3895337\",\n \"text\": \"act of the Liberian legislature. The institution makes no statement suggesting that it has a physical campus. Adam Smith University is accredited by the republic of San Marino as a recognized Higher Educational Institution on 18 November 2009. Four states in the United States of America and Korea specifically list Adam Smith University as unaccredited. At one time, Adam Smith used accreditation by the unrecognized agency World Association of Universities and Colleges, and later Grunewald participated in founding another unrecognized accreditor, the International Association of Universities and Schools, but both of these affiliations were terminated before 2004. The Texas Higher\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2468044\",\n \"text\": \"the railways, the ASI has been an advocate of the privatised system, writing that much of the rise in passenger numbers since privatisation cannot be attributed to other factors. It has called for increased competition through the use of open access operators or having two operators sharing a franchise and competing with each other. Adam Smith Institute The Adam Smith Institute (ASI) is a neoliberal (formerly libertarian) think tank and lobbying group based in the United Kingdom and named after Adam Smith, a Scottish moral philosopher and classical economist. The libertarian label was officially changed to neoliberal on 10 October\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2468017\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith Institute The Adam Smith Institute (ASI) is a neoliberal (formerly libertarian) think tank and lobbying group based in the United Kingdom and named after Adam Smith, a Scottish moral philosopher and classical economist. The libertarian label was officially changed to neoliberal on 10 October 2016. The Institute advocates free market and classical liberal ideas, primarily via the formation of radical policy options with regard to public choice theory, which political decision makers seek to develop upon. ASI President Madsen Pirie has sought to describe the activity of the organisation as \\\"[w]e propose things which people regard as being\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10764495\",\n \"text\": \"accusing the foundation of engaging in a misleading billboard campaign regarding their perception that use of the Missouri Plan had allowed for the appointment of \\\"activist judges.\\\" The column noted that the billboards prompted between 25 and 40 calls to a Springfield attorney who is a member of the state's Appellate Judicial Commission, which is in charge of choosing nominees for the state's Supreme Court and appellate courts. Adam Smith Foundation \\\"This article concerns the Adam Smith Foundation based in the state of Missouri in the United States, as opposed to the Adam Smith Foundation based at the University of\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10764490\",\n \"text\": \"Foundation sponsored a series of radio ads and billboards critical of the Missouri Plan method for the nonpartisan selection of judges. The Adam Smith Foundation supports \\\"Right to Work,\\\" the principle that employees should not be forced to join unions or to pay union dues. The Adam Smith Foundation believes in low taxes and making sure that the government lives within its means. In an Op-Ed piece published in the \\\"Southeast Missourian\\\", John Elliott, the President of the Adam Smith Foundation, argued that the recent state surplus should be given back to the public either through tax cuts or through\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10764489\",\n \"text\": \"of Missouri on February 21, 2007. Jo Mannies, in a blog entry in the \\\"St. Louis Post Dispatch\\\", noted that the organization was founded by a group of Missouri Republican activists. The President of the Adam Smith Foundation is William Clark \\\"Buddy\\\" Hardin IV of St. Charles, Missouri. The Twitter handle for the Adam Smith Foundation is @adamsmithfndn. The Adam Smith Foundation opposes the process by which Missouri's appellate judges are appointed, believing it gives too much influence to plaintiffs' attorneys. This process is known as the \\\"Missouri Nonpartisan Court Plan,\\\" and the Missouri Plan. Shortly after its launch the\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149538\",\n \"text\": \"is able to leave the club. Lauren and Audrina get into an argument with Heidi and Spencer outside of Les Deux, where Lauren delivers the now-famous quote \\\"You know what you did!\\\", elaborating that \\\"You started a sick little rumor about me! You're a sad, pathetic person.\\\" The following morning, Heidi explains to her co-worker Elodie Otto that she was unaware of said speculation, and still wants to reconcile with Lauren. Meanwhile, Lauren tells Whitney that she is saddened by the idea of losing her friend, although admits that she has benefited from their separation. \\\"You Know What You Did\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15721808\",\n \"text\": \"What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat? Diet in Biblical Times is a 2008 book by Nathan MacDonald that discusses the foods eaten by Israelites during the time that the Bible was written. MacDonald, a theologian who serves as a lecturer at St Andrews University, used biblical texts as well as archaeological and anthropological evidence in his attempts to determine the diet of the Israelites. MacDonald decided to write the book while writing another book on the symbolism of food in the Hebrew Bible that contained a chapter on the diet of the Israelites. Nathan\",\n \"title\": \"What Did the Ancient Israelites Eat?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2450135\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith (politician) David Adam Smith (born June 15, 1965) is an American politician. A Democrat, he has served as a member of the United States House of Representatives since 1997, representing Washington's 9th congressional district. Born in Washington, D.C. and raised in SeaTac, Washington, Smith was adopted as an infant by Lelia June (née Grant) and his maternal uncle Ben Martin Smith III. He attended Bow Lake Elementary and Chinook Middle School, before graduating from Tyee High School in 1983. While in high school Smith participated in the Close Up Washington civic education program. His father, who worked for\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13281710\",\n \"text\": \"of 2011, Smith joined the faculty of the Cornell University's Department of Anthropology where he served as Department Chairperson from 2014-2017. Smith's research is dedicated to the archaeology and anthropology of the South Caucasus, particularly the area of modern Armenia, where most of his work has been focused. His work investigates \\\"the role that the material world—everyday objects, representational media, natural and built landscapes—plays in our political lives\\\". Smith is a winner of a 2010 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation fellowship Adam T. Smith Adam T. Smith is Goldwin Smith Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology, Cornell University.\",\n \"title\": \"Adam T. Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13247030\",\n \"text\": \"Jeremy Adam Smith Jeremy Adam Smith (born April 4, 1970) is the editor of \\\"Greater Good\\\" magazine, which is published by the UC Berkeley Greater Good Science Center. He is also the author or co-editor of five books, founding editor of Shareable.net, and an investigative journalist and essayist whose work focuses on education, family, and community life. Before becoming a full-time writer and editor, Smith launched the Independent Press Development Fund and served as publisher of \\\"Dollars and Sense\\\" magazine. In 2010-11, Smith was a John S. Knight journalism fellow at Stanford University. Smith is the author of \\\"The Daddy\",\n \"title\": \"Jeremy Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20930035\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith-Neale Adam Smith-Neale (born 29 October 1993) is an English darts player, currently playing in both the British Darts Organisation and Professional Darts Corporation Challenge tour events. Smith-Neale started playing in the Professional Darts Corporation at the age of 17 in 2011 when he entered the World Youth Championships and lost in the last 64 to Lewis Venes. The following January Smith-Neale entered Q School and after making the last 16 all 4 days he was given a 2 year tour card to play the Pro tour. Through those 2 years Smith-Neale split his time between playing on the\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith-Neale\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17872\",\n \"text\": \"subsequently confiscated his book and punished him severely for reading it. According to William Robert Scott, \\\"The Oxford of [Smith's] time gave little if any help towards what was to be his lifework.\\\" Nevertheless, Smith took the opportunity while at Oxford to teach himself several subjects by reading many books from the shelves of the large Bodleian Library. When Smith was not studying on his own, his time at Oxford was not a happy one, according to his letters. Near the end of his time there, Smith began suffering from shaking fits, probably the symptoms of a nervous breakdown. He\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13633202\",\n \"text\": \"ends. In his book \\\"Nightmare Movies: Horror on Screen Since the 1960s\\\", Kim Newman argues that \\\"I Saw What You Did\\\" was responsible for the eventual creation of Dark Castle Entertainment, a production company that created remakes of horror films. In \\\"Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography\\\", Lawrence J. Quirk and William Schoell refer to the film as \\\"abysmall\\\" and consider it inferior to the original. Similarly, in his book \\\"Movie and Video Guide 1993\\\", film critic Leonard Maltin refers to the film as \\\"bland\\\", compared to the original. I Saw What You Did (1988 film) I Saw What You Did\",\n \"title\": \"I Saw What You Did (1988 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20430845\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith (coach) Adam Smith is a soccer coach and former goalkeeper. He is head coach at Fresno FC in the US United Soccer League. Smith formerly was the assistant head coach for Sacramento Republic in which he spent three years with and was the technical director for youth soccer club FC Elk Grove. Smith's professional coaching career started as a player/assistant coach at Wilmington Hammerheads in the USL D-3 Pro League in 2001. Later in his career he joined Portland Timbers, where he became the inaugural Goalkeeping Coach for the teams' first year in Major League Soccer. Smith later\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (coach)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20930038\",\n \"text\": \"Masters. Not being a seed meant that he had to start the tournament at the first round but Smith-Neale won through the first 5 rounds on the floor to reach the stage finals. He defeated Daniel Day 3-0 in the last 32, Mark McGeeney 3-2 in the last 16, Wayne Warren 4-1 in the quarter-finals, Jim Williams 5-3 in the semi-final and BDO Number 1 Glen Durrant 6-4 in the final. Winning the World Masters meant Smith-Neale qualified for the 2019 BDO World Championship, and the 2018 Grand Slam of Darts. Adam Smith-Neale Adam Smith-Neale (born 29 October 1993) is\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith-Neale\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13281709\",\n \"text\": \"Adam T. Smith Adam T. Smith is Goldwin Smith Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology, Cornell University. He is also co-founder (with Ruben Badalyan) of The American-Armenian Project for the Archaeology and Geography of Ancient Transcaucasian Societies (Project ArAGATS) and co-director (with Lori Khatchadourian) of The Aragats Foundation. Smith received an M.Phil. from Cambridge University (1991) and a Ph.D. from the University of Arizona's Department of Anthropology (1996). He was then a member of the University of Michigan's Society of Fellows from 1997-2000 before joining the Department of Anthropology at the University of Chicago. Beginning in the Fall\",\n \"title\": \"Adam T. Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10802427\",\n \"text\": \"up the argument of the book, stating that there was an ancient Israel, that the bible was written from a genuine historical core, and that archaeology can identify this core and prevent Israel from being \\\"written out of history\\\". The book received mixed reviews. Conservative scholars commended Dever for his critique on minimalism but were disappointed by his failure to defend the historicity of the bible prior to the age of David and Solomon. Others chided his inability to distance himself from his obsessions: What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? What Did the Biblical\",\n \"title\": \"What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17282778\",\n \"text\": \"‘Wot Do U Call It?’ and ‘A.I.P.S’ which looked at a group of Englishmen who reenact the Vietnam war in Kent. ’Ghetto on Sea’ for BBC THREE charted the trials and tribulations of running a pirate radio station. In 2016 Adam completed his first feature, \\\"Trespass Against Us\\\", starring Michael Fassbender, Sean Harris and Brendan Gleeson. He lives with the artist Martha Freud. Adam Smith (director) Adam Smith is an English film, television drama, documentary, and music video director. His filmmaking journey began as a teenager, making visuals for raves and nightclubs in a creative collective, which he co founded,\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13675535\",\n \"text\": \"of the fan base. One deranged fanboy in particular, Jerome T. Kornacker, is so outraged that his favorite superheroine is being \\\"perverted,\\\" that he takes radical steps to stop the change. \\\"What They Did to Princess Paragon\\\" is a tongue-in-cheek look at the comic book industry, the artists who create comics, the corporations that publish and sell them, and the fans who support and consume the books. The story is also an exploration of 1990s lesbian feminist thought. What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the\",\n \"title\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2450143\",\n \"text\": \"also prohibits military commissions and indefinite detention for individuals detained in the United States and affirms that any trial proceedings “shall have all the due process as provided for under the Constitution.” Smith co-sponsored, with Republican congressman Mac Thornberry, an amendment to the fiscal 2013 defense spending bill reversing previous bans on disseminating Defense and State Department propaganda in the United States, reversing the Smith-Mundt Act of 1948 and the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1987, designed to protect U.S. audiences from government misinformation campaigns. The bill passed on May 18, 2012, 299 to 120. Adam Smith (politician) David Adam\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20430849\",\n \"text\": \"license (Welsh Football Association) English Preliminary Award (English FA) USSF A license (US Soccer) USSF National GK license (US Soccer) USSF Pro B license (US Soccer) NSCAA National GK License (Utd Soccer coaches) NSCAA Director of Coaching (Utd Soccer coaches) Adam Smith (coach) Adam Smith is a soccer coach and former goalkeeper. He is head coach at Fresno FC in the US United Soccer League. Smith formerly was the assistant head coach for Sacramento Republic in which he spent three years with and was the technical director for youth soccer club FC Elk Grove. Smith's professional coaching career started as\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (coach)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17282773\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith (director) Adam Smith is an English film, television drama, documentary, and music video director. His filmmaking journey began as a teenager, making visuals for raves and nightclubs in a creative collective, which he co founded, called Vegetable Vision. Smith started his television directing career in 2007, with four episodes of the television series \\\"Skins\\\". He then went on to directing episodes of the BBC One drama \\\"Little Dorrit\\\", based on Charles Dickens' novel. In 2010, he directed the first episode of the revival fifth series of \\\"Doctor Who\\\", 'The Eleventh Hour' and episodes four and five titled 'The\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918900\",\n \"text\": \"Power, author of the book that was the source material for the movie, the university scenes at the end of the film were shot at University College Dublin. Reviews for \\\"What Richard Did\\\" were overwhelmingly positive. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating with an average rating of 7.6/10 based on 30 reviews. On the review aggregator Metacritic, the film has a score of 80 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". Peter Bradshaw, writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\", called the film slow-burning and disturbing. \\\"Abrahamson shows that whatever the failings and weaknesses\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9267139\",\n \"text\": \"of the Board of Directors for the Royal Humane Society Australasia, and from 1983 to 2001 she was a Committee Member of the Museum of Victoria. Her Order of Australia, awarded in 1994, was made in recognition of her service to community history, particularly through the preservation of national traditions and folklore and the recording of oral histories. While her main study of and work in oral history was carried out in Australia, Ireland, England and the US, her research took her to over 60 countries. Adam-Smith wrote on a wide range of subjects, but her deepest interest was Australian\",\n \"title\": \"Patsy Adam-Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15652808\",\n \"text\": \"low Buchan's reputation stood in the early Sixties. He was dismissed as a mere entertainer with disreputable political and social views. Janet Adam Smith corrected misconceptions and restored him to his proper status as a serious writer and public figure. Everyone who has written subsequently on Buchan is in her debt. Like all her work, the biography was written with a beautiful and authoritative lucidity. “Though she wrote no major work after Buchan, she remained an industrious literary journalist … She remained intellectually alert and eager to read new work into extreme old age. … “Based in England throughout her\",\n \"title\": \"Janet Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15652806\",\n \"text\": \"is situated in the Radcliffe Science Library in Parks Road in Oxford. Within this library it is on Level 5. In an obituary published in \\\"The Scotsman\\\" shortly after her death in September 1999, the Scottish novelist and journalist Allan Massie wrote: “The critical study of Scottish literature owes much to Janet Adam Smith. … Ernest Mehew, the editor of the great Yale University edition of Stevenson's Letters, paid tribute to the ‘leading part’ she played ‘in the revival of critical interest in Stevenson's life and work at a time when he was largely ignored in academic circles’. He referred\",\n \"title\": \"Janet Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347822\",\n \"text\": \"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1504186\",\n \"text\": \"of Mormon fundamentalism generally accept the Adam–God doctrine. The LDS Church's disavowal of the doctrine contributes to what fundamentalists perceive to be a general intellectual or spiritual retreat by the church from doctrines felt to be excessively challenging to their preconceptions. Along with the practice of plural marriage, belief in the Adam–God doctrine became a defining aspect of the Mormon fundamentalist movement. The Apostolic United Brethren (AUB), a fundamentalist Mormon group, accepts the Adam–God teaching, and their leader Joseph W. Musser wrote a book on it in the 1930s. In the book, Musser contended that the rejection of the doctrine\",\n \"title\": \"Adam–God doctrine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3895340\",\n \"text\": \"Smith's listing on the ODA website to remove the term \\\"diploma mill.\\\" This change followed the settlement of a lawsuit filed against ODA by the unaccredited Kennedy-Western University. Oregon has made it illegal to use in any professional context a degree from an institution not having what it judges to be the equivalent of regional accreditation in the USA. Adam Smith has refused to seek such accreditation, and consequently when its degrees are used in that state, it must be explicitly stated that the degree is unaccredited.(See reference for the legally required wording for the disclaimer.) It was reported by\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20510068\",\n \"text\": \"What the Hell Did I Just Read What the Hell Did I Just Read: A Novel of Cosmic Horror is a 2017 comic horror novel written by Jason Pargin under the pseudonym of David Wong. It is the third book in the series after \\\"John Dies at the End\\\" and \\\"This Book Is Full of Spiders\\\". The novel continues to follow author surrogate David Wong, his best friend John and his girlfriend Amy, who are living in an American Midwest town, the name of which is Undisclosed. The town has long been a place from which eldritch creatures enter our\",\n \"title\": \"What the Hell Did I Just Read\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20656147\",\n \"text\": \"What Made America Famous? \\\"What Made America Famous?\\\" is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song was included on his 1974 album, Verities & Balderdash. It has also been included on numerous posthumous compilation albums. The song inspired Chapin to write the award nominated Broadway musical, The Night That Made America Famous. The song shows a man, his girlfriend, and kids living in a rundown home. Eventually, a house fire starts, and they need rescue. It is continually asked in the song if anybody cares. It ends with the firefighters waiting to respond to \\\"let them sweat\",\n \"title\": \"What Made America Famous?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8007406\",\n \"text\": \"wrote about it in the famous Lebanese newspaper An-Nahar that The Gospel According to Adam is \\\"An experimental and substantial jump in narration style in the modern Egyptian novels\\\". The Gospel According to Adam The Gospel According To Adam is a 2006 novel by Muhammad Aladdin, and has been published by Merit Publishing House in Egypt. It is his first novel followed by \\\"The Twenty-Second Day\\\" in 2007. Aladdin that he wrote the novel in two days, separated by 6 months, and that he did not change a word of it. it made Aladdin name in the Arabic literary scene,\",\n \"title\": \"The Gospel According to Adam\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14196352\",\n \"text\": \"a steady schedule of live dates while working with Stern, recording \\\"Sgt. Pecker\\\", \\\"F Jackie\\\", and \\\"The Very Best of Jackie Martling's Talking Joke Book Cassettes, Vol. 1\\\". What Did You Expect? (Jackie Martling album) What Did You Expect? is an album by American comedian, comedy writer and radio personality Jackie Martling. The album was released on Martling's Off Hour Rockers label on September 12, 1979. In 1979, Martling issued his debut LP, \\\"What Did You Expect?\\\" He released two more albums, 1980's \\\"Goin' Ape!\\\" and 1981's \\\"Normal People Are People You Don't Know That Well\\\". Martling sent all three\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Expect? (Jackie Martling album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937073\",\n \"text\": \"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\\\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937071\",\n \"text\": \"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18531816\",\n \"text\": \"Adam Smith (footballer, born 1992) Adam Clifford Smith (born 23 November 1992) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Bristol Rovers. Born in Sunderland, Smith joined Leicester City from Middlesbrough in 2010. On 16 September 2011 he was loaned to Chesterfield, but was only a backup to Greg Fleming during his spell. In early January 2012 Smith joined Conference Premier side Lincoln City on loan, again as cover, until the end of the season. On 25 October 2012, Smith signed for another Conference side in Nuneaton Town, on an initial one-month loan. Smith made his senior\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (footballer, born 1992)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8079400\",\n \"text\": \"on a limestone ashlar foundation. The front facade's main feature is a one-story porch with a flat roof, single and triple columns, and scrolled brackets. The house was renovated and relocated in 2004 a short distance to the east and now sits prominently in the \\\"town square\\\" of a new urbanism neighborhood called Smith's Crossing. Adam and Mary Smith House The Adam and Mary Smith House was built in c.1872 by Adam Smith, who came to do shingle work on the Wisconsin State Capitol decades earlier. The home was done in Italianate style. It is located in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin.\",\n \"title\": \"Adam and Mary Smith House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2468020\",\n \"text\": \"experience in the United States, they returned to the United Kingdom in 1977 to found their own think tank, called the Adam Smith Institute. After a year, Stuart Butler returned to the United States as Vice President of the Heritage in charge of domestic policy while Eamonn Butler remained with Madsen Pirie as co-directors of the Institute. One of their St Andrews friends, Douglas Mason, who had been active in the university's Conservative Association, did his most influential research and writing for the Institute. Mason became one of its regular authors. The ASI's Omega Project (1981–1983) led by Peter Young\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7999940\",\n \"text\": \"Andrzej Szczęśniak, Ireneusz Jabłoński and Krzysztof Dzierżawski. The center was officially created on 16 September 1989, soon after the Polish Round Table Agreement and the start of a peaceful transition to democracy in Poland. However, most of its initial members came from the \\\"Akcja Gospodarcza\\\" society (est. 1988), a loose group of free market-oriented economists supporting the opposition to communist government of Poland. Adam Smith Centre Adam Smith Center () is a think-tank based in Poland. It has been called \\\"the most important think tank in Poland\\\". It was founded in 1989 based on an earlier group of anti-communist opposition\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Centre\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7184089\",\n \"text\": \"that work against the people, that were synonymous with Thatcherite and Reaganite governments\\\". Instead they chose to use the name Jennie Lee Students’ Association, after a local socialist MP. In April 2008, the students took the decision rename the association the Adam Smith College Students' Association. In 2012 the college became embroiled in controversy amid claims of systemic abuse, bullying and victimisation of staff and students, and misappropriation of finances, by senior management. This led to internal investigations by the college's Board of Governors and Vice Principal of HR. According to the Interested Parties of Adam Smith College (an anonymous\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7184088\",\n \"text\": \"Greenspan KBE, who spoke while Chairman of the Federal Reserve in the USA; and Sir Mervyn King, Governor of the Bank of England, both of whom were introduced by The Rt Hon Gordon Brown MP, former Prime Minister and last Chancellor of the College. It is expected that Fife College will continue the lecture series. The Adam Smith College Students’ Association organised campaigns and social activities and also provided support services and confidential help for College students. The Students' Association caused controversy in 2005 when they rejected the name of Adam Smith, stating that \\\"He is associated with socio-economic policies\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2468027\",\n \"text\": \"things as the goals of young people and students, and public attitudes to state services. In 1992, the Institute founded a consulting company, Adam Smith International Ltd, which was \\\"charged with overseeing the overseas work of the institute [in] an attempt to capitalise on the growing international trend towards economic liberalization and marketization\\\". While Eamonn Butler and Madsen Pirie were as of 1998 members of the management board of both organisations, the management teams of Adam Smith International and the Institute are now separate. In November 2018, it emerged that in July 2018 the Institute welcomed a supporter, who had\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15652809\",\n \"text\": \"adult life, she nevertheless remained committed to Scotland and Scottish literature. Karl Miller was right in seeing her as being an heir of the Edinburgh Reviewers, for she was one of the last representatives of the Scottish Enlightenment, marrying clear and bold thinking to generous feeling.\\\" Janet Adam Smith Janet Buchanan Adam Smith OBE (9 December 1905 – 11 September 1999) was a writer, editor, literary journalist and champion of Scottish literature. She was active from the 1930s through to the end of the century and noted for her elegant prose, her penetrating judgement, her independence of mind – and\",\n \"title\": \"Janet Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15652794\",\n \"text\": \"others glow in response.” She was born into the old Scots intellectual elite. Her father, Sir George Adam Smith FBA (1856–1942), was a Biblical scholar, Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis, at the Free Church College in Glasgow, and then, from 1909 to 1935, Principal of Aberdeen University. Her mother was Lilian Adam Smith, daughter of Sir George Buchanan, FRS, in whose honour the Royal Society's Buchanan Medal was created. Janet was brought up in a tradition of high thinking and simple but certainly not austere living. In 1919 she went to Cheltenham Ladies' College, and in 1923 went\",\n \"title\": \"Janet Adam Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8079399\",\n \"text\": \"Adam and Mary Smith House The Adam and Mary Smith House was built in c.1872 by Adam Smith, who came to do shingle work on the Wisconsin State Capitol decades earlier. The home was done in Italianate style. It is located in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It is a two-story cross-gable main section with a two-story rear-gabled wing, built of load-bearing brick masonry walls. Italianate aspects include its scrolled brackets, limestone sills supported by brackets, brick dentil molding below the cornice, wood dentil molding above. It was built\",\n \"title\": \"Adam and Mary Smith House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13672572\",\n \"text\": \"in a 2–1 away win against West Bromwich Albion. Smith has represented England at various youth team levels. AFC Bournemouth Adam Smith (footballer, born 1991) Adam James Smith (born 29 April 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays for AFC Bournemouth. He has also represented England at under-21 level. Smith is a product of the Tottenham Hotspur youth academy. In August 2009, Smith joined Wycombe Wanderers on a short-term loan as cover for two injured right backs, making his Football League debut away against Charlton Athletic on 8 August 2009. After a short loan spell at Wycombe Wanderers, which\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith (footballer, born 1991)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17892\",\n \"text\": \"to the moderate wing of the Church of Scotland. The fact that Adam Smith received the Snell Exhibition suggests that he may have gone to Oxford with the intention of pursuing a career in the Church of England. Anglo-American economist Ronald Coase has challenged the view that Smith was a deist, based on the fact that Smith's writings never explicitly invoke God as an explanation of the harmonies of the natural or the human worlds. According to Coase, though Smith does sometimes refer to the \\\"Great Architect of the Universe\\\", later scholars such as Jacob Viner have \\\"very much exaggerated\",\n \"title\": \"Adam Smith\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["the wealth of nations"],"string":"[\n \"the wealth of nations\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1792,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where does the appalachian trail run through?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"882429","text":"Appalachian Trail The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. The trail is about long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted. The Appalachian Trail Conservancy describes the Appalachian Trail as the longest hiking-only trail in the world. More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year. The idea of the Appalachian Trail came","title":"Appalachian Trail"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882429\",\n \"text\": \"Appalachian Trail The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. The trail is about long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted. The Appalachian Trail Conservancy describes the Appalachian Trail as the longest hiking-only trail in the world. More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year. The idea of the Appalachian Trail came\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3663035","text":"International Appalachian Trail The International Appalachian Trail (IAT; , SIA) is a hiking trail which runs from the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Mount Katahdin, Maine, through New Brunswick, to the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec, after which it follows a ferry route to Newfoundland, and then continues to the northern-easternmost point of the Appalachian Mountains at Belle Isle, Newfoundland and Labrador. In 2009, IAT discussed with the British Geological Survey in Scotland whether to extend the IAT to the Appalachian terrains of Scotland, Ireland, Northern Ireland and Wales, setting off a series of expansions through Europe and Northern","title":"International Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882473","text":"Beard\" Sanders became the oldest person to hike the entire Appalachian Trail at age 82. The trail is protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state ownership of the land or by right-of-way. The trail is maintained by a variety of citizen organizations, environmental advocacy groups, governmental agencies and individuals. Annually, more than 4,000 volunteers contribute over 175,000 hours of effort on the Appalachian Trail, an effort coordinated largely by the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) organization. In total, the AT passes through eight national forests and two national parks. In the course of its journey, the","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882441","text":"changes continue to this day). By the close of the 20th century, the Park Service had completed the purchase of all but a few miles of the trail's span. The International Appalachian Trail is a extension running northeast from Maine into New Brunswick and Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula, where it ends at Forillon National Park. It is a separate trail and not an official extension of the Appalachian Trail. Other branches are designated in parts of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and along the western shore of Newfoundland, to the northern end of the Appalachian Mountain range, where it enters the","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882474","text":"trail follows the ridge line of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks, and running, with only a few exceptions, almost continuously through wilderness. The trail used to traverse many hundreds of miles of private property; 99% of the trail is on public land. Georgia has of the trail, including the southern terminus at Springer Mountain at an elevation of . At , Blood Mountain is the highest point on the trail in Georgia. The AT and approach trail, along with many miles of blue blazed side trails, are managed and maintained by the Georgia Appalachian Trail Club.","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"7780525","text":"Georgia Appalachian Trail Club The Georgia Appalachian Trail Club, Inc. (GATC) is a non-profit organization that was organized in 1930 in Dahlonega, GA. Its membership consists of individual volunteers who share a love for the Appalachian Trail (AT). The GATC is responsible for the management and maintenance of the AT in Georgia. This is accomplished through cooperation with the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The GATC is active in the conservation community on issues relating to the protection of the Appalachian Trail. It also conducts a wide range of outdoor recreational events for its membership.","title":"Georgia Appalachian Trail Club"},{"psg_id":"7780524","text":"Georgia Appalachian Trail Club The Georgia Appalachian Trail Club, Inc. (GATC) is a non-profit organization that was organized in 1930 in Dahlonega, GA. Its membership consists of individual volunteers who share a love for the Appalachian Trail (AT). The GATC is responsible for the management and maintenance of the AT in Georgia. This is accomplished through cooperation with the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The GATC is active in the conservation community on issues relating to the protection of the Appalachian Trail. It also conducts a wide range of outdoor recreational events for its membership.","title":"Georgia Appalachian Trail Club"},{"psg_id":"5675067","text":"Program” or “Trail Towns” program that recognizes and highlights the communities through which the trail’s 2,000 miles run. As well, the ATC’s “A Trail To Every Classroom” is a school program that utilized the trail to teach students about conservation, preservation, earth science and ecology. Because The ATC Headquarters in Harpers Ferry is located roughly at the halfway point for the Appalachian Trail, a photograph at ATC headquarters is a standard ritual for those hikers intending to walk the entire path. One of the functions of the ATC, as the lead organization in managing and protecting the A.T., is to","title":"Appalachian Trail Conservancy"},{"psg_id":"882491","text":"provisions and gear. The Dartmouth Outing Club maintains the AT from the Vermont border past Mount Moosilauke to Kinsman Notch, northwest of Woodstock, New Hampshire, Randolph Mountain Club maintains 2.2 miles from Osgood Trail near Madison Hut to Edmands Col, with the AMC maintaining the remaining miles through the state. Maine has of the trail. The northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail is on Mount Katahdin's Baxter Peak in Baxter State Park. In some parts of the trail in Maine, even the strongest hikers may only average , with places where hikers must hold on to tree limbs and roots","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"3663041","text":"include Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, England, Ulster-Ireland, Wales, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland. The Ulster-Ireland chapter covers territories of both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Spain also joined the IAT in 2010. Scenic highlights along the route include: Canada Europe Parks include: Canada Europe International Appalachian Trail The International Appalachian Trail (IAT; , SIA) is a hiking trail which runs from the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Mount Katahdin, Maine, through New Brunswick, to the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec, after which it follows a ferry route to Newfoundland, and then continues to the northern-easternmost point","title":"International Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882493","text":"south of Abol Bridge. Park management strongly discourages thru-hiking within the park before May 15 or after October 15. The AMC maintains the AT from the New Hampshire state line to Grafton Notch, with the Maine Appalachian Trail Club responsible for maintaining the remaining miles to Mt. Katahdin. The international extension, called the International Appalachian Trail begins at Mt. Katahdin. Listed from south to north. Southern terminus: Springer Mountain, Georgia Northern terminus: Mount Katahdin, Maine The Appalachian Trail Conservancy (originally, \"Appalachian Trail Conference\") and the National Park Service oversee the entire length of the Appalachian National Scenic Trail via memoranda","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"7597919","text":"through land held by municipalities, private owners, or the club itself. One such trail is the Tuscarora Trail. Other examples are the Massanutten Trail, the Bull Run-Occoquan Trail, and the trails in the Great North Mountain area that lead to the Big Schloss peak. The club also has separate sections for climbing and mountaineering, ski touring, wilderness search and rescue (SMRG/ASRC), and trail patrol. PATC operates a number of primitive cabins for rent to members and non-members (one such cabin is Corbin Cabin). In addition, the club publishes maps and guidebooks for the Appalachian Trail and other trails the club","title":"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club"},{"psg_id":"882434","text":"the Appalachian Trail Conference (now called the Appalachian Trail Conservancy) (ATC). A retired judge named Arthur Perkins and his younger associate Myron Avery took up the cause. In 1929, Perkins, who was also a member of the Connecticut Forest and Park Association and its Blue Blazed Trails committee, found Ned Anderson, a farmer in Sherman, Connecticut, who took on the task of mapping and blazing the Connecticut leg of the trail (1929–1933). It ran from Dog Tail Corners in Webatuck, New York, which borders Kent, Connecticut, at Ashley Falls, through the northwest corner of the state, up to Bear Mountain","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882431","text":"entirety in a single season. The number of thru-hikes per year has increased steadily, with 715 northbound and 133 southbound thru-hikes reported for 2017. Many books, documentaries, websites, and fan organizations are dedicated to the pursuit. Some hike from one end to the other, then turn around and thru-hike the trail the other way, known as a \"yo-yo\". An extension known as the International Appalachian Trail continues northeast, crossing Maine and cutting through Canada to Newfoundland, with sections continuing in Greenland, through Europe, and into Morocco. Other separate extensions continue the southern end of the Appalachian range in Alabama and","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882443","text":", The Pinhoti Trail terminates at the base of Flagg Mountain, near Weogufka in Coosa County, east of Birmingham. In 2010, the Alabama state legislature formed the Alabama Appalachian Mountain Trail Commission to provide state resources for trail improvements, although officially designating Pinhoti as part of the Appalachian Trail would require an act of the United States Congress. The Appalachian Approach Trail begins at Amicalola Falls State Park's visitor center and ends at Springer Mountain. Because Springer Mountain is in a remote area, the Approach Trail is often the beginning of North bound thru-hike attempts. Much of the Approach Trail","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882444","text":"was originally built as part of the Appalachian Trail, before the southern terminus was relocated from Mount Oglethorpe to Springer Mountain. The Appalachian Trail is home to thousands of species of plants and animals, including 2,000 rare, threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant and animal species. The American black bear (\"Ursus americanus\"), among the largest animals along the Appalachian Trail, rarely confronts people. The black bear is the largest omnivore that may be encountered on the trail, and it inhabits all regions of the Appalachians. Bear sightings on the trail are uncommon, except in certain sections, especially Shenandoah National Park and","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882442","text":"Atlantic Ocean, near L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site. The route has since been extended to Greenland, Europe, and Morocco. Although the Appalachian Trail ends in Georgia, the Appalachian Mountains continue south to Flagg Mountain in Alabama. In 2008, the Pinhoti National Recreation Trail in Alabama and Georgia, which terminates at Flagg Mountain, was connected to the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail via the Benton MacKaye Trail. Promoters of the Southern extension refer to MacKaye's statement at the 1925 conference that the Georgia to New Hampshire trail should, in the future, extend to Katahdin, and \"then to Birmingham, Alabama\".","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"2916017","text":"Appalachian Trail station The Appalachian Trail station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, serving campers and hikers destined for the Appalachian Trail, north of Pawling, New York. It is the only rail station directly located on the Appalachian Trail. Trains stop at here on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays only. The Connecticut State line is about from the station. It is from Grand Central Terminal, which takes approximately 1 hour 52 minutes. Appalachian Trail is the northernmost station in the Zone 8 Metro-North fare zone. There are no transportation connections via bus or taxi, but NY","title":"Appalachian Trail station"},{"psg_id":"882460","text":"the Fontana Hilton because of amenities (e.g. flush toilets) and its proximity to an all-you-can-eat buffet and post office. Several AMC huts have an extended self-service season during the fall, with two extending self-service seasons through the winter and spring. The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club maintains trail cabins, shelters, and huts throughout the Shenandoah region of Virginia. Shelters are generally maintained by local volunteers. Almost all shelters have one or more pre-hung food hangers (generally consisting of a short nylon cord with an upside-down tuna can suspended halfway down its length) where hikers can hang their food bags to keep","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738026","text":"Appalachian Trail by state The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its roughly -long journey: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine. The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way. Annually, more than 4,000 volunteers","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"15842360","text":"Appalachian Trail Museum The Appalachian Trail Museum is located in Pine Grove Furnace State Park near Gardners, Pennsylvania, United States, and commemorates pioneer Appalachian Trail builders and hikers including those in the Appalachian Trail Hall of Fame. Artifacts include a 1959 trail shelter from Peters Mountain and vintage hiking equipment such as canes. The museum was conceived in 1998 and is located in a stone gristmill building of the former Pine Grove Iron Works. It is the first hiking museum in the United States. The museum is open from noon to 4 p.m. seven days a week from Memorial Day","title":"Appalachian Trail Museum"},{"psg_id":"15842363","text":"was Maurice Forrester, Horace Kephart, Larry Luxenberg and Henry \"Arch\" Nichols. The 2017 class included Harlean James, Charles Parry, Mildred Norman \"Peace Pilgrim\" Ryder and Matilda \"Tillie\" Wood. The 2018 included William \"Bill\" Kemsley, Jr., Elizabeth Levers, George Masa, Robert \"Bob\" Peoples. Appalachian Trail Museum The Appalachian Trail Museum is located in Pine Grove Furnace State Park near Gardners, Pennsylvania, United States, and commemorates pioneer Appalachian Trail builders and hikers including those in the Appalachian Trail Hall of Fame. Artifacts include a 1959 trail shelter from Peters Mountain and vintage hiking equipment such as canes. The museum was conceived in","title":"Appalachian Trail Museum"},{"psg_id":"882478","text":"In the southwestern portion of the state, the trail goes within one half mile of the highest point in Virginia, Mount Rogers, which is a short side-hike from the AT. West Virginia has of the trail, not including about along the Virginia border. Here the trail passes through the town of Harpers Ferry, headquarters of the Appalachian Trail Conservancy. Harpers Ferry is what many consider to be the mental midpoint of the entire A.T., although the actual midpoint is further north in southern Pennsylvania. (The exact midpoint moves due to trail rerouting.) Maryland has of the trail, with elevations ranging","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882494","text":"of understanding with other public agencies through whose land the trail runs, including the U.S. Forest Service. national parks, national forests, the Tennessee Valley Authority, state parks, and others, who help administer portions of the trail corridor. The estimated annual contribution of volunteer services for trail upkeep is $3 million. The Appalachian Trail has been a resource for researchers in a variety of disciplines. Portions of the trail in Tennessee were used on a study on trail maintenance for the trail's \"uniform environmental conditions and design attributes and substantial gradient in visitor use.\" Beginning in 2007, various citizen groups, including","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882430","text":"about in 1921. The trail itself was completed in 1937 after more than a decade of work, although improvements and changes continue. It is maintained by 31 trail clubs and multiple partnerships, and managed by the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, and the nonprofit Appalachian Trail Conservancy. Most of the trail is in forest or wild lands, although some portions traverse towns, roads and farms. It passes through 14 states: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Thru-hikers attempt to hike the trail in its","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882432","text":"continue south into Florida, creating what is known as the Eastern Continental Trail. The Appalachian Trail, the Continental Divide Trail, and the Pacific Crest Trail form what is known as the Triple Crown of Hiking in the United States. The trail was conceived by Benton MacKaye, a forester who wrote his original plan—called \"An Appalachian Trail, A Project in Regional Planning\"—shortly after the death of his wife in 1921. MacKaye's idea detailed a grand trail that would connect a series of farms and wilderness work/study camps for city-dwellers. In 1922, at the suggestion of Major William A. Welch, director of","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"2916020","text":"platform to the east of the track, long enough for one door of one car to receive and discharge passengers. The platform has no shelter, but has a bulletin board for posting the current train schedule, as well as information for hikers. Appalachian Trail station The Appalachian Trail station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, serving campers and hikers destined for the Appalachian Trail, north of Pawling, New York. It is the only rail station directly located on the Appalachian Trail. Trains stop at here on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays only. The Connecticut State line","title":"Appalachian Trail station"},{"psg_id":"7597917","text":"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) is a volunteer organization that works to maintain hiking trails in the Washington, D.C. area of the United States. PATC was founded in 1927 to protect and develop the local section of the then new Appalachian Trail. It has expanded its mission to oversee over of trails, 47 shelters and 39 cabins in Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. PATC maintains of the Appalachian Trail, allocated to PATC by the Appalachian Trail Conservancy, which manages all day-to-day trail and land management activities under agreement with the National Park","title":"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club"},{"psg_id":"882468","text":"Annapolis Rocks overlook in Maryland. Trail hikers who attempt to complete the entire trail in a single season are called \"thru-hikers\"; those who traverse the trail during a series of separate trips are known as \"section-hikers\". Rugged terrain, weather extremes, illness, injury, and the time and effort required make thru-hiking difficult to accomplish. As of 2017, the Appalachian Trail Conservancy estimated that 3,839 hikers set out from Springer Mountain, northbound, 497 from Mount Katahdin, southbound, and reported 1,186 completions of hiking the entire trail, which includes those by both section and through hikers. Most thru-hikers walk northward from Georgia to","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882487","text":"summits the highest peak in the southern Taconic Range, Mount Everett (), then descends to the Housatonic River valley and skirts the town of Great Barrington. The trail passes through the towns of Dalton and Cheshire, and summits the highest point in the state at , Mount Greylock. It then quickly descends to the valley within of North Adams and Williamstown, before ascending again to the Vermont state line. The trail throughout Massachusetts is maintained by the Berkshire Chapter of the Appalachian Mountain Club. Vermont has of the trail. Upon entering Vermont, the trail coincides with the southernmost sections of","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882484","text":"length. It enters Connecticut via the Pawling Nature Reserve. The section of the trail that passes through Harriman and Bear Mountain State Parks is the oldest section of the trail, completed in 1923. A portion of this section was paved by 700 volunteers with 800 granite-slab steps followed by over a mile of walkway supported by stone crib walls with boulders lining the path. The project took four years, cost roughly $1 million, and opened in June 2010. The project was done by the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference, which maintains and updates the Appalachian Trail in New York. Connecticut's","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882433","text":"the Palisades Interstate Park Commission, his idea was publicized by Raymond H. Torrey with a story in the \"New York Evening Post\" under a full-page banner headline reading \"A Great Trail from Maine to Georgia!\" The idea was quickly adopted by the new Palisades Interstate Park Trail Conference as their main project. On October 7, 1923, the first section of the trail, from Bear Mountain west through Harriman State Park to Arden, New York, was opened. MacKaye then called for a two-day Appalachian Trail conference to be held in March 1925 in Washington, D.C. This meeting inspired the formation of","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"7597920","text":"maintains, publishes a monthly newsletter, the \"Potomac Appalachian\", and organizes hikes throughout the club's area of operations. Potomac Appalachian Trail Club The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) is a volunteer organization that works to maintain hiking trails in the Washington, D.C. area of the United States. PATC was founded in 1927 to protect and develop the local section of the then new Appalachian Trail. It has expanded its mission to oversee over of trails, 47 shelters and 39 cabins in Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. PATC maintains of the Appalachian Trail, allocated to PATC by the Appalachian","title":"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club"},{"psg_id":"3663036","text":"Africa. As of July 2015, there were IAT walking trails in Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Wales, England, France, Spain, Portugal and Morocco. The IAT was proposed in 1994 by Richard Anderson, a Maine fisheries biologist, with plans to traverse the portions of the Appalachian Mountains in Maine, New Brunswick, and Quebec that the Appalachian Trail did not cover. Following route selection, construction of the trail took place through the late 1990s. The first person to thruhike the IAT, as it then existed, was John Brinda from Washington State, in 1997. He did","title":"International Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882466","text":"been crimes by non-hikers who crossed paths relatively randomly with victims. The official website of the Appalachian Trail Conservancy points out that the number of violent crimes is extremely low when compared against the number of people (3 to 4 million) who hike on the trail every year. The first reported homicide on the trail was in 1974 in Georgia. In 1981, the issue of violence on the Appalachian Trail received national attention when Robert Mountford, Jr. and Laura Susan Ramsay, both social workers in Ellsworth, Maine, were murdered by Randall Lee Smith. Another homicide occurred in May 1996, when","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738036","text":". McAfee Knob is affectionately known as \"the most photographed spot on the A.T.\" The plant life on Virginia's section of the trail includes thickly-growing wild blueberry bushes. The bushes are especially numerous along the trail's central sections, through the Shenandoah National Park, and its northern sections. The blueberries ripen in late summer, offering hikers a plentifully available food source. In 1989, Hurricane Hugo damaged over 300 miles of the Appalachian Trail in Virginia. Three weeks of rain uprooted thousands of trees in what Mike Dawson of the Appalachian Trail Conference called \"the worst break in the continuous footpath since","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"882438","text":"three miles of the new trail cleared and blazed, by six Boy Scouts from New York City and their guides. The completed thru-hike was much later recorded and accepted by the Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association. In 1938, the trail sustained major damage from a hurricane that went through the New England area. This happened right before the start of World War II and many of the people working on the trail were called to active duty. In 1948, Earl Shaffer of York, Pennsylvania, brought a great deal of attention to the project by publicizing the first claimed thru-hike. The","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882461","text":"them out of the reach of rodents. In hiker lingo, these are sometimes called \"mouse trapezes.\" In addition to official shelters, many people offer their homes, places of business, or inns to accommodate AT hikers. One example is the Little Lyford Pond camps maintained by the Appalachian Mountain Club. Inns are more common in sections of the trail that coincide with national parks, most notably Virginia's Shenandoah National Park. The trail crosses many roads, thus providing ample opportunity for hikers to hitchhike into town for food and other supplies. Many trail towns are accustomed to hikers passing through, and thus","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882483","text":"in elevation, its highest point in New York being Prospect Rock at , and only from the border with New Jersey. The trail continues north, climbing near Fitzgerald Falls, passing through Sterling Forest, and then entering Harriman State Park and Bear Mountain State Park. The lowest point on the entire Appalachian Trail is in the Bear Mountain Zoo . It crosses the Hudson River on the Bear Mountain Bridge. It then passes through Fahnestock State Park, and continues northeast and crosses the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line. This track crossing is the site of the only train station along the trail's","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"15472443","text":"is adjacent to the Samuel W. Tucker Elementary School. After leaving its intersection with the Backlick Run trail, the Holmes Run Trail continues to travel northwest in Alexandria on the east side of the Run and passes under Duke Street. The trail then travels through Holmes Run Park, passing the Charles Beatley Bridge, which crosses the Run to connect the trail with North Pickett Street and Holmes Run Parkway. The trail continues northwest through Brookvalley Park, where it crosses the Run to the stream's west side. The trail then travels next to the Run under North Van Dorn Street and","title":"Holmes Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"15842361","text":"to Labor Day and noon to 4 p.m. on weekends until October 31 and reopens April 1. Parking is adjacent to the Furnace Stack Picnic Pavilion. Admission is free. The Appalachian Trail Hall of Fame was established by the museum in 2011. Each year the Museum's Hall of Fame selection committee selects one or more persons to be inducted into the Hall of Fame. Nominations for inclusion are accepted each year using an online survey site. Those eligible for inclusion include anyone who has made an exceptional and positive contribution to the Appalachian Trail or Appalachian Trail Community. Each year's","title":"Appalachian Trail Museum"},{"psg_id":"882452","text":"on the trail is reached, where only thin, sporadic flora is interspersed with bare rocks. Between the two regions is the krummholz region, where stunted trees grow with their branches oriented away from the winter's prevailing northwest wind, thus giving the appearance of flags (they are often called \"flag trees\"). This region resembles lowland terrain hundreds of miles north in Canada. It also contains many endangered and threatened species. The trail has been rerouted over New Hampshire's Presidential Range so the Appalachian Mountain Club can protect certain plant life. The alpine cutoff in the Whites is generally between . Mountains","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"16268563","text":"to 5-acre zoning, so the roads to the five major trailheads (Bull Run Regional Park, Route 28, Hemlock Overlook Regional Park, Bull Run Marina and Fountainhead Regional Park) retain a semi-rural character. This blue-blazed trail is one of many trails maintained by the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club. The middle of April is when the bluebell flowers are in bloom, along with over 25 varieties of wildflowers found on this part of the trail. The 1.5-mile loop has the highest concentration of Bluebells; however, the Bull Run-Occoquan Trail has these and other flowers throughout. The first Bull Run Run was held","title":"Bull Run-Occoquan Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738050","text":"at Pawling, which is also the only train station along the length of the trail. It enters Connecticut via the Pawling Nature Reserve. The section of the trail that passes through Harriman and Bear Mountain State Parks is the oldest section of the trail, completed in 1923. The Appalachian Trail in New York is maintained and updated by the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference. Professional trail builder Eddie Walsh and Edward Goodell (Executive Director of the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference) oversaw and coordinated the construction of a paved trail coming off Bear Mountain. That portion of the trail is","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"15472442","text":"passing under the Blue Line and three railroad bridges that are separated by sections of Cameron Run Regional Park. The trail then enters the easternmost portion of Ben Brenman Park, where it passes the origin of Cameron Run at the confluence of Holmes Run and Backlick Run. The trail then travels northwest on the east side of Holmes Run within Ben Brenman Park, where it connects to a paved trail that crosses the Run. That trail travels west near the north side of Backlick Run through Ben Brenman Park and Cameron Station Linear Park to reach Armistead Boothe Park, which","title":"Holmes Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738037","text":"it was declared open from Maine to Georgia in August 1937.\" Due to responsive and prepared local trail clubs, all but six miles of the trails were re-opened within a month. The annual \"Trail Days\" festival held in Damascus has become the largest single gathering of Appalachian Trail hikers anywhere. Counties crossed: Monroe County (while sharing the trail with Virginia in the south → Jefferson County (while sharing the trail and briefly entering the state.) West Virginia has of the trail, not including about along the Virginia border. The trail passes through the town of Harpers Ferry, headquarters of the","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"15472444","text":"the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway (Interstate 395). The trail then crosses North Beauregard Street and returns to the east side of the Run. The trail then continues northwest through several wooded sections on the east side of the Run in Dora Kelley Nature Park until it reaches North Chambliss Street, where a bridge carries the trail over the Run to its west side. Shortly thereafter, the trail enters Fairfax County and travels through Glen Hills Park on the Run's west side. After leaving Glen Hills Park, the southern section of the trail continues northwest on the west side of","title":"Holmes Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738045","text":"the New Trail (CANT) and four local townships organized to oppose suggested changes by the National Park Service (NPS) to the route in the Great Cumberland Valley between Carlisle and Harrisburg, the longest route that follows a paved highway. Counties crossed: Warren County → Sussex County → Passaic County New Jersey is home to of the trail. This makes the New Jersey section of the Appalachian Trail the second longest trail in the state, behind the Delaware and Raritan Canal Trail. More than half of the Appalachian Trail is along the top of Kittatinny Ridge at the northwestern corner of","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"882470","text":"official AT trail, follow the white blazes, except for side trips to shelters and camp sites. \"Blue Blazers\" cut miles from the full route by taking side trails marked by blue blazes. The generally pejorative name \"Yellow Blazers,\" a reference to yellow road stripes, is given to those who hitchhike to move either down or up the trail. Part of hiker subculture includes making colorful entries in logbooks at trail shelters, signed using pseudonyms called \"trail names\". The Appalachian Trail Conservancy gives the name \"2000 Miler\" to anyone who completes the entire trail. The ATC's recognition policy for \"2000 Milers\"","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882477","text":"& Canoeing Club (Kingsport, TN). Virginia has of the trail (one-fourth of the entire trail) including more than along the West Virginia border. With the climate, and the timing of northbound thru-hikers, this section is wet and challenging because of the spring thaw and heavy spring rainfall. Substantial portions of the trail closely parallel Skyline Drive in Shenandoah National Park and, further south, the Blue Ridge Parkway. The Appalachian Trail Conservancy considers as excellent for beginning hikers a well-maintained section of the trail that the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed in Shenandoah National Park. Climbs in this section rarely exceed .","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882440","text":"trek in 1955, taking 146 days. She repeated the achievement two years later. In the 1960s, the ATC made progress toward protecting the trail from development, thanks to efforts of politicians and officials. The National Trails System Act of 1968 designated the Pacific Crest Trail and Appalachian Trail as the first national scenic trails and paved the way for a series of National Scenic Trails within the National Park and National Forest systems. Trail volunteers worked with the National Park Service to map a permanent route for the trail, and by 1971 a permanent route had been marked (though minor","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882482","text":", passing over long sections of boardwalk bridges over marshy land, then entering Wawayanda State Park and then the Abram S. Hewitt State Forest just before entering New York near Greenwood Lake. In New Jersey the New York - New Jersey Trail Conference maintains and updates the Appalachian Trail. Black bear activity along the trail in New Jersey increased rapidly starting in 2001. Hence, metal bear-proof trash boxes are in place at all New Jersey shelters. New York's of trail contain very little elevation change compared to other states. From south to north, the trail summits many small mountains under","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738060","text":"Appalachian Trail Conservancy (or ATC) believes the of the trail in Maine are particularly difficult. The western section includes a mile-long (1.6 km) stretch of boulders at Mahoosuc Notch, often called the trail's hardest mile. The central Maine section crosses the Kennebec River at a point where it is wide, the widest unbridged stream along the trail. The last and most isolated portion in the state (and arguably on the entire trail) is known as the \"Hundred-Mile Wilderness\". This section heads east-northeast from the town of Monson and ends outside Baxter State Park just south of Abol Bridge. More moose","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"882449","text":"as well as another, higher break, at tree line, above which only hardy alpine plants grow. The sub-alpine region is far more prevalent along the trail than true alpine conditions. While it mainly exists in the north, a few mountains in the south have subalpine environments, which are typically coated in an ecosystem known as the Southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest. Southern ranges and mountains where sub-alpine environments occur include the Great Smoky Mountains, where sub-alpine environments only begin around in elevation, Roan Highlands on the North Carolina-Tennessee border, where sub-alpine growth descends below , and Mount Rogers and the Grayson","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882486","text":"and yielding views across the Hudson River valley to the Catskills and across the broad expanse of the Housatonic valley and the Berkshire and Litchfield Hills to the east. Just north of Bear, the trail, as it crosses into Massachusetts, descends into Sages Ravine, a deep gorge in the eastern Taconic ridgeline which is home to a fragile old growth forest. As the trail crosses the brook in the ravine, it leaves the area maintained by the Connecticut section of the Appalachian Mountain Club. Massachusetts has of trail. The entire section of trail is in western Massachusetts' Berkshire County. It","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882475","text":"See also: Georgia Peaks on the Appalachian Trail. North Carolina has of the trail, not including more than along the Tennessee Border. Altitude ranges from . The trail enters from Georgia at Bly Gap, ascending peaks such as Standing Indian Mountain, Mt. Albert, and Wayah Bald. It then goes by Nantahala Outdoor Center at the Nantahala River Gorge and the Nantahala River crossing. Up to this point, the trail is maintained by the Nantahala Hiking Club. Beyond this point, it is maintained by the Smoky Mountains Hiking Club. further north, Fontana Dam marks the entrance to Great Smoky Mountains National","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738054","text":"it ascends into the Berkshires and passes through the towns of Dalton and Cheshire. It ascends into the Taconic Mountains again, visiting Mount Greylock, the highest point in the state at . It then quickly descends to the valley of the Hoosic River within of North Adams and Williamstown, before ascending again to the Vermont state line. The trail throughout Massachusetts is maintained by the Berkshire Chapter of the Appalachian Mountain Club. Counties crossed: Bennington County → Windham County → Rutland County → Windsor County Vermont has of the trail. Upon entering Vermont, the trail coincides with the southernmost sections","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"882471","text":"gives equal recognition to thru-hikers and section-hikers, operates on the honor system, and recognizes blue-blazed trails or officially required roadwalks as substitutes for the official, white-blazed route during an emergency such as a flood, forest fire, or impending storm on an exposed, high-elevation stretch. As of 2018, more than 19,000 people had reported completing the entire trail. The northbound completion rate of hiking the trail in twelve months or fewer varied from 19% to 27% from 2011 to 2018. The southbound completion rate varied between 27% and 30% during the same period. The Appalachian Trail, the Continental Divide Trail, and","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738061","text":"are seen by hikers in this state than any other on the trail. The northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail is on Katahdin's Baxter Peak in Baxter State Park. Baxter State Park closes the summer rules overnight camping season from October 15 to May 15 each year. Park management strongly discourages thru-hiking within the park before May 31 or after October 15. The AMC maintains the AT from the New Hampshire border to Grafton Notch, with the Maine Appalachian Trail Club responsible for maintaining the remaining miles to Katahdin. Beginning in the late 1980s, the NPS and ATC challenged the","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"8738062","text":"Saddleback Mountain resort in Maine over development of private land that the AT traversed. The dispute continued a decade later, and after a June 1996 meeting between the two sides, NPS and ATC relented from some of their previous positions and reduced their proposed land-acquisition corridor by 70 percent. Even so, they remained opposed to any ski trails crossing the Trail in the alpine area. Saddleback responded that further negotiations were unnecessary and the NPS began appraising if the area was feasible for development. Appalachian Trail by state The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its roughly","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"882492","text":"to climb or descend, which is especially hazardous in wet weather. The western section includes a mile-long (1.6 km) stretch of boulders, some of which hikers must pass under, at Mahoosuc Notch, sometimes called the trail's hardest mile. Although there are dozens of river and stream fords on the Maine section of the trail, the Kennebec River is the only one on the trail that requires a boat crossing. The most isolated portion of the Appalachian Trail, known as the \"Hundred-Mile Wilderness\", occurs in Maine. It heads east-northeast from the town of Monson and ends outside Baxter State Park just","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882463","text":"cooked for hikers at a campsite. The Appalachian Trail is relatively safe. Most injuries or incidents are consistent with comparable outdoor activities. Most hazards are related to weather conditions, human error, plants, animals, diseases, and hostile humans encountered along the trail. Many animals live around the trail, with bears, snakes, and wild boars posing the greatest threat to human safety. Several rodent- and bug-borne illnesses are also a potential hazard. In scattered instances, foxes, raccoons, and other small animals may bite hikers, posing risk of rabies and other diseases. There has been one reported case (in 1993) of hantavirus (HPS),","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"882450","text":"Highlands in Virginia, where there is some alpine growth above . Appalachian balds are also found in the Southern highlands, and are believed to occur due to fires or grazing in recent centuries, or in some cases due to thin, sandy soils. Several balds are sprouting trees, and on some, the National Forest service actually mows the grasses periodically in order to keep the balds free of trees. No sub-alpine regions exist between Mount Rogers in Virginia and Mount Greylock in Massachusetts, mainly because the trail stays below from Shenandoah National Park in Virginia to Mount Greylock. Mount Greylock, however,","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"880978","text":"Georgia. The Appalachian Trail is a hiking trail that runs all the way from Mount Katahdin in Maine to Springer Mountain in Georgia, passing over or past a large part of the Appalachian system. The International Appalachian Trail is an extension of this hiking trail into the Canadian portion of the Appalachian range in New Brunswick and Quebec. The Appalachian belt includes, with the ranges enumerated above, the plateaus sloping southward to the Atlantic Ocean in New England, and south-eastward to the border of the coastal plain through the central and southern Atlantic states; and on the north-west, the Allegheny","title":"Appalachian Mountains"},{"psg_id":"3663037","text":"this as part of his thruhike of the Eastern Continental Trail starting in Key West, Florida. He was the first person to thruhike the entire Eastern Continental Trail. The Newfoundland and Labrador extension to the IAT was proposed in 2003 and is still under construction. When completed, it will add an additional 1,200 km of trail. The official opening of the first trail section of the IAT Newfoundland was September 23, 2006. The IAT extends northeast from the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Katahdin, Maine to Mars Hill, Maine, before following the U.S.-Canada border north to Fort Fairfield,","title":"International Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"15472447","text":"of the trail need to know the weather conditions before entering the trail. Holmes Run is part of the Cameron Run/Holmes Run Watershed, and is used to help channel flood waters toward Cameron Run and the Potomac River. Because the trail travels near the level of the water, during and after rainstorms various parts may be submerged, especially on the section of trail that goes underneath Interstate 395. Holmes Run Trail The Holmes Run Trail is a partially paved trail that travels through parks northwest along Holmes Run from Cameron Run in Alexandria, Virginia to Annandale Road (Virginia State Route","title":"Holmes Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"882495","text":"the Appalachian Trail Conservancy and the American Hiking Society, began a study to monitor environmental changes that have resulted from higher ozone levels, acid rain, smog, and other air quality factors. Such research has been supported by the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, Cornell University, the National Geographic Society, and Aveda Corporation. Behavioral studies have also been conducted on hikers themselves. A 2007 study on hikers found that most persons hike the trail \"for fun and enjoyment of life and for warm relationships with others\" and that \"environmental awareness, physical challenge, camaraderie, exercise, and solitude\" were chief results among","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738027","text":"contribute over 175,000 hours to maintain the trail, an effort coordinated largely by the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC), assisted by some thirty trail clubs and multiple partnerships. Counties crossed: Fannin County → Union County → Lumpkin County → White County → Towns County → Habersham County → Rabun County Georgia has of the trail, including the southern terminus at Springer Mountain (elevation ). An approach trail (not part of the AT) begins at the Amicalola Falls State Park visitor center. The approach trail is often littered with items cast aside by overburdened hikers unprepared for the difficulties of the initial","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"15477117","text":"it. Plans exist to extend the trail further along Pleasant Run Parkway south and west of Garfield Park, eventually connecting to the Wapahani Trail along the White River. An extension north and east from Ellenberger Park toward Shadeland Avenue and the Pennsy Trail is also possible. A connector running north along the west side of Shelby Street to Fountain Square and the Indianapolis Cultural Trail was completed in 2011. Pleasant Run Trail The Pleasant Run Trail, also known as the Pleasant Run Greenway, is a pedestrian and bicycle trail in Indianapolis, Indiana. It runs for from Ellenberger Park, through Christian","title":"Pleasant Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738035","text":"mileage of the trail of any state with of the trail (one-fourth of the entire trail), including more than along the West Virginia border. With the climate, and the timing of northbound thru-hikers, this section is wet and challenging because of the spring thaw and heavy spring rainfall. Substantial portions of the trail closely parallel Skyline Drive in Shenandoah National Park and, further south, the Blue Ridge Parkway. The Appalachian Trail Conservancy considers to be excellent for beginning hikers a well-maintained section of the trail that the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed in Shenandoah National Park and whose climbs rarely exceed","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"8738028","text":"hike. At , Blood Mountain is the highest point on the trail in Georgia. The AT and approach trail are managed and maintained by the Georgia Appalachian Trail Club. Counties crossed: Clay County → Macon County → Swain County → Graham County → Swain County → (The following counties are traversed along the Tennessee border) Haywood County → Madison County → Yancey County → Mitchell County → Avery County North Carolina has of the trail, not including more than along the Tennessee border. Altitude ranges from . The trail crosses Bly Gap one-tenth of a mile north of the Georgia","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"15472437","text":"Holmes Run Trail The Holmes Run Trail is a partially paved trail that travels through parks northwest along Holmes Run from Cameron Run in Alexandria, Virginia to Annandale Road (Virginia State Route 649) in Fairfax County, Virginia. The trail travels near the sides of the stream with multiple bridges, some of which are only about a foot higher than the water. The trail consists of two sections that are separated by Lake Barcroft near Columbia Pike (Virginia State Route 244) in Fairfax County. The Alexandria portion of the trail is in length and travels northwest in Alexandria from Eisenhower Avenue","title":"Holmes Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"14474412","text":"Rocky Run Shelter The Rocky Run shelters are located on the western slope of South Mountain just south of Boonsboro. The shelters are situated about off the Appalachian Trail, and are connected to the main trail by a spur. Rocky Run is a hike from the Crampton Gap Shelter (going south) and from the Pine Knob shelter (going north). The original shelter was built in 1940 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and completed in 1941 by the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) which currently maintains 240 miles of the Appalachian Trail from Pennsylvania to Virginia and an additional 1,000","title":"Rocky Run Shelter"},{"psg_id":"15477111","text":"Pleasant Run Trail The Pleasant Run Trail, also known as the Pleasant Run Greenway, is a pedestrian and bicycle trail in Indianapolis, Indiana. It runs for from Ellenberger Park, through Christian Park, to Garfield Park. It follows the general course of Pleasant Run Creek as it flows to the south and west. Most of the trail is located within the parkway on one side or the other of the creek; the parkway itself is part of the historic Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System. In several places the trail is routed on sidewalks of city streets due to existing structures and","title":"Pleasant Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"16268560","text":"Bull Run-Occoquan Trail The Bull Run-Occoquan Trail (BROT) is a hiking trail in the U.S. state of Virginia. Designated in 2006 as a National Recreation Trail, the Bull Run-Occoquan Trail invites hikers and horseback riders to discover more than 4,000 acres of scenic woodlands. The approximately 20 mile trail runs along Bull Run from Bull Run Regional Park down through Hemlock Overlook Regional Park to Fountainhead Regional Park. East of the Bull Run Marina, the stream becomes the Occoquan Reservoir, which (with filtration) currently provides drinking water for approximately half of Fairfax County. In the other direction, the trail rises","title":"Bull Run-Occoquan Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738038","text":"Appalachian Trail Conservancy. Harpers Ferry is considered the \"psychological midpoint\" of the AT, although the actual midpoint is just west of Pine Grove Furnace State Park in Pennsylvania. Counties crossed: Washington County → Frederick County Maryland has of the trail, ranging in elevation from . Most of the trail runs along the ridge line of South Mountain in South Mountain State Park Hikers are required to stay at designated shelters and campsites, no camping off-trail. Some hikers choose to hike Maryland in a single day, usually starting just before dawn and ending at dusk. This is known as the Maryland","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"7597918","text":"Service. PATC's area of responsibility begins at the southern end of Shenandoah National Park in Virginia and reaches north to Pine Grove Furnace in Pennsylvania. General trail maintenance is the responsibility of volunteer trail overseers, while trail construction and repair from serious damage, as well as larger projects, are managed by volunteer work crews, such as the Blue and White Crew. In addition to the Appalachian Trail responsibilities, PATC also maintains several hundred miles of trails in Virginia, West Virginia, the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These trails are found in state and national parks, national forests, and occasionally","title":"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club"},{"psg_id":"17654218","text":"for about 10,000 years. After contact with European settlers, the Cherokee Nation was forced to move in 1838 to 1839 from their traditional homeland to Oklahoma. Cherokees were relatively late comers to this region, and prior to their removal they were notorious for warring with rival tribes including the Muscogee and the Creeks. The Appalachian Trail, which is a or more trail from Georgia to Maine provides one of the main recreational uses. The trail passes through the Appalachian mountain range, including the Appalachian temperate rainforest. The trail plan was published in 1921, and the trail was completed in 1937.","title":"Appalachian temperate rainforest"},{"psg_id":"15472446","text":"Sleepy Hollow Road (Virginia State Route 613) and south of Holmes Run. The trail initially travels east and then turns to travel north, crossing Holmes Run on a bridge to reach the Run's north side. The trail then travels northwest on the north side of the Run through Holmes Run Stream Valley Park. The trail terminates at the south end of Hockett Street, which travels north and connects the trail to the nearby Annandale Road (Virginia State Route 649). While portions of the northern section are paved, that section has a stone dust surface along most of its length. Users","title":"Holmes Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"15470362","text":"the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe Road without having to ride on-street in Shirlington and Alexandria. Four Mile Run Trail The Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington","title":"Four Mile Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"15470359","text":"Four Mile Run Trail The Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the Columbia Pike. In 1966, Arlington County","title":"Four Mile Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"3663040","text":"made to extend the IAT into Western Europe and North Africa. In April 2010 Greenland became the seventh chapter of the International Appalachian Trail. The route is on the Nuussuaq Peninsula near Uummannaq Fjord. Greenland was followed by Scotland in June, when the West Highland Way became the first IAT trail in Europe. In October 2010 the IAT expanded further into Europe when nine new chapters joined the IAT at a meeting in Aviemore, Scotland. The meeting was attended by the IAT President and representatives from Coast Alive, the British Geological Survey, Visit Scotland, and Fáilte Ireland. The new chapters","title":"International Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"5675066","text":"his retirement in 1948. Today, the trail is maintained by the Appalachian Mountain Club. The ATC is committed not only to trail maintenance and protection, but to education, science and awareness as well. The trail’s size, uniqueness and the environmental effects of it and on it can provide valuable insights and advances for science and ecology. The ATC currently has a MEGA-Transect scientific study underway, which will use data collected (species of flora, fauna, wildlife, weather/climate effects and more) to provide critical information toward preservation on a global scale. The Conservancy strives to heighten awareness via the “ATC’s Community Recognition","title":"Appalachian Trail Conservancy"},{"psg_id":"15477115","text":"Pleasant Run Trail diverges from the creek and is routed along the sidewalks on English Avenue to Pleasant Run Parkway North Drive. The trail continues west between the parkway and the creek to Keystone Avenue, at which point it is again routed on sidewalks south on Keystone and east on Prospect Street until it again meets the creek. There are signs marking the trail in those locations where it uses city sidewalks. From Prospect Street the trail runs along the north bank of Pleasant Run, passing by Orange Park. Near Spruce Street a pedestrian bridge takes the trail to the","title":"Pleasant Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"2916018","text":"22 is only steps away from the station. The station was built in three months by Metro-North Railroad forces in 1991 for the cost of $10,000. Its creation was the suggestion of George Zoebelein, who was an avid hiker and a veteran of the NY/NJ Trail Conference as well as both the NY/NJ Appalachian Trail Conferences, and also served as a member of the Metro-North Railroad Commuter Council (MNRCC) of the Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee (PCAC) to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. It is one of three limited service stops operated by Metro-North primarily for hikers, the other two being and","title":"Appalachian Trail station"},{"psg_id":"8738047","text":"long sections of boardwalk bridges over marshy land, then entering Wawayanda State Park and then the Abram S. Hewitt State Forest just before entering New York near Greenwood Lake. The Appalachian Trail in New Jersey is maintained and updated by the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference. Black bear activity along the trail in New Jersey increased rapidly starting in 2001. In July 2005, a teenage hiker sleeping at Mashipacong Shelter was awakened by a bear biting his leg. The bear was later identified and killed by authorities. Metal bear-proof trash boxes are in place at all New Jersey shelters. Counties","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"12264968","text":"Warrenton, Va. Jeremy's Run Jeremy's Run is a stream in Page County, Virginia. Jeremy's Run originates from rainwater flowing down the west slope of Elkwallow Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Elkwallow Gap is a topographical saddle that divides Neighbor Mountain and Hogback Mountain, situated in Shenandoah National Park. Jeremy's Run flows southwest from the gap, to the Great Appalachian Valley. From Elkwallow Gap, the stream flows southward and later westward through a hollow that separates the northern arm of Neighbor Mountain from Knob Mountain. A hiking trail known as Jeremy's Run Trail crosses the stream 14 times in the","title":"Jeremy's Run"},{"psg_id":"12264966","text":"Jeremy's Run Jeremy's Run is a stream in Page County, Virginia. Jeremy's Run originates from rainwater flowing down the west slope of Elkwallow Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Elkwallow Gap is a topographical saddle that divides Neighbor Mountain and Hogback Mountain, situated in Shenandoah National Park. Jeremy's Run flows southwest from the gap, to the Great Appalachian Valley. From Elkwallow Gap, the stream flows southward and later westward through a hollow that separates the northern arm of Neighbor Mountain from Knob Mountain. A hiking trail known as Jeremy's Run Trail crosses the stream 14 times in the national park.","title":"Jeremy's Run"},{"psg_id":"882459","text":"wooden floor, although some shelters are much more complex in structure. Shelters are usually spaced a day's hike or less apart, most often near a water source (which may be dry) and with a privy. They generally have spaces for tent sites in the vicinity as the shelters may be full. The Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC) operates a system of eight huts along of New Hampshire's White Mountains. These huts are significantly larger than standard trail shelters and offer full-service lodging and meals during the summer months. The Fontana Dam Shelter in North Carolina is more commonly referred to as","title":"Appalachian Trail"},{"psg_id":"16268564","text":"by the Virginia Happy Trails Running Club in April 1993. It is a 50-mile footrace following the course of the Bull Run-Occoquan Trail in an out-and-back format. From the year 2006 through 2011, there were 310 to 340 runners annually who started the race and 80% to 95% of them finished before the 13-hour cutoff. The overall course record is 6 hours, 8 minutes and 14 seconds, set by Matt Woods (31) in 2011. Bull Run-Occoquan Trail The Bull Run-Occoquan Trail (BROT) is a hiking trail in the U.S. state of Virginia. Designated in 2006 as a National Recreation Trail,","title":"Bull Run-Occoquan Trail"},{"psg_id":"8738032","text":"one of its most remote shelters at Tricorner Knob before gradually descending. Just beyond Mount Cammerer, the A.T. exits the Smokies, crossing Interstate 40 into the Cherokee National Forest. After traversing Snowbird Mountain, Max Patch Bald, and Lemon Gap (just south of Del Rio), the trail exits Tennessee atop Bluff Mountain and re-enters again atop Rich Mountain (in Greene County), some to the northeast. After traversing the Bald Mountains, the Appalachian Trail crosses the Nolichucky River and enters the Unakas, gradually ascending to the Roan Highlands near the town of Roan Mountain in Carter County. Atop Roan High Knob, the","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"8738058","text":"Lafayette, Garfield, South Twin, Jackson, Pierce, Washington (the highest point of the AT north of Tennessee), Madison, Wildcats D and A, Carter Dome, South and Middle Carter. It comes close to the summits of 8 other of the 48 four-thousand footers: Liberty, Galehead, Zealand, Eisenhower, Monroe, Jefferson, Adams, and Moriah. A series of comfortable huts are maintained along parts of the NH trail by the Appalachian Mountain Club. In New Hampshire, the Dartmouth Outing Club maintains the AT from the Vermont border to Mount Moosilauke, Randolph Mountain Club maintains 2.2 miles from Osgood Trail near Madison Hut to Edmands Col,","title":"Appalachian Trail by state"},{"psg_id":"11407288","text":"National Recreation Trail and part of the Benton MacKaye Trail in Georgia, to reach the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Springer Mountain. The Appalachian Trail connects with the International Appalachian Trail; through Maine, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Newfoundland. The trail system was named by long-distance hiker M. J. Eberhart (trail name: Nimblewill Nomad). Trails listed in order from north to south. Eastern Continental Trail The Eastern Continental Trail (ECT) is a combination of North American long-distance hiking trails, from Key West, Florida to Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) a distance of , not including the Newfoundland section. A","title":"Eastern Continental Trail"},{"psg_id":"12571960","text":"many old railroad towns here, and some red brick courthouses that are the oldest in the United States, with many buildings being included on the National Historic Register. There are also many important Civil War battlefields within close proximity to the trail. The Southern Highroads Trail is pieced together by various Southeastern scenic highways that either run near or through the landscape of the Appalachian Trail. Fires Creek National Wildlife Reserve Southern Highroads Trail The Southern Highroads Trail is a 364-mile loop of scenic and historic highways in the Southeastern United States. The driving trail traverses 14 counties, four states,","title":"Southern Highroads Trail"},{"psg_id":"15477112","text":"facilities that make the parkway itself discontinuous. In 1994 the Indianapolis Department of Parks and Recreation presented the \"Indianapolis Greenways Plan\" to establish a system of linear parks consisting of 14 corridors; one of those was the Pleasant Run Corridor. Construction of the trail was begun in 1997, and was officially opened in August 1998. Much of the trail lies within the existing Pleasant Run Parkway; the parkway itself had been constructed in the 1920s as part of the Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System. Most of the trail is asphalt and is wide. Exceptions are in Ellenberger Park, where crushed","title":"Pleasant Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"15477113","text":"limestone is used, and those places where the path uses existing sidewalks along streets. Every quarter-mile is marked; the first marker in Ellenberger Park is mile 2 because of plans to extend the trail further east. The Pleasant Run Trail starts in the southwest corner of Ellenberger Park in Irvington and follows the north bank of the creek west and south to the Kin Hubbard Memorial, a small park bounded by Emerson Avenue, New York Street, and Pleasant Run Parkway North Drive. From there the trail heads south along Emerson over the creek to Washington Street. It follows Washington Street","title":"Pleasant Run Trail"},{"psg_id":"10720890","text":"Mountains and Ouasioto Mountains in south western West Virginia intersects the Appalachian Trail. A major trail that it crossed has been developed into the Appalachian Trail, today. Catawba Trail The Catawba Trail is a trail developed and used by Native Americans that leads from the Carolinas northerly into Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania. Its several branches led from western Virginia, through West Virginia, Kentucky, and eastern Tennessee. It is a part of the Great Indian Warpath. Its South Carolina and North Carolina origination passes through the Unaka Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. This south and northerly wilderness way was used by","title":"Catawba Trail"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3663035\",\n \"text\": \"International Appalachian Trail The International Appalachian Trail (IAT; , SIA) is a hiking trail which runs from the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Mount Katahdin, Maine, through New Brunswick, to the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec, after which it follows a ferry route to Newfoundland, and then continues to the northern-easternmost point of the Appalachian Mountains at Belle Isle, Newfoundland and Labrador. In 2009, IAT discussed with the British Geological Survey in Scotland whether to extend the IAT to the Appalachian terrains of Scotland, Ireland, Northern Ireland and Wales, setting off a series of expansions through Europe and Northern\",\n \"title\": \"International Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882473\",\n \"text\": \"Beard\\\" Sanders became the oldest person to hike the entire Appalachian Trail at age 82. The trail is protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state ownership of the land or by right-of-way. The trail is maintained by a variety of citizen organizations, environmental advocacy groups, governmental agencies and individuals. Annually, more than 4,000 volunteers contribute over 175,000 hours of effort on the Appalachian Trail, an effort coordinated largely by the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) organization. In total, the AT passes through eight national forests and two national parks. In the course of its journey, the\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882441\",\n \"text\": \"changes continue to this day). By the close of the 20th century, the Park Service had completed the purchase of all but a few miles of the trail's span. The International Appalachian Trail is a extension running northeast from Maine into New Brunswick and Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula, where it ends at Forillon National Park. It is a separate trail and not an official extension of the Appalachian Trail. Other branches are designated in parts of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and along the western shore of Newfoundland, to the northern end of the Appalachian Mountain range, where it enters the\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882474\",\n \"text\": \"trail follows the ridge line of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks, and running, with only a few exceptions, almost continuously through wilderness. The trail used to traverse many hundreds of miles of private property; 99% of the trail is on public land. Georgia has of the trail, including the southern terminus at Springer Mountain at an elevation of . At , Blood Mountain is the highest point on the trail in Georgia. The AT and approach trail, along with many miles of blue blazed side trails, are managed and maintained by the Georgia Appalachian Trail Club.\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7780525\",\n \"text\": \"Georgia Appalachian Trail Club The Georgia Appalachian Trail Club, Inc. (GATC) is a non-profit organization that was organized in 1930 in Dahlonega, GA. Its membership consists of individual volunteers who share a love for the Appalachian Trail (AT). The GATC is responsible for the management and maintenance of the AT in Georgia. This is accomplished through cooperation with the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The GATC is active in the conservation community on issues relating to the protection of the Appalachian Trail. It also conducts a wide range of outdoor recreational events for its membership.\",\n \"title\": \"Georgia Appalachian Trail Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7780524\",\n \"text\": \"Georgia Appalachian Trail Club The Georgia Appalachian Trail Club, Inc. (GATC) is a non-profit organization that was organized in 1930 in Dahlonega, GA. Its membership consists of individual volunteers who share a love for the Appalachian Trail (AT). The GATC is responsible for the management and maintenance of the AT in Georgia. This is accomplished through cooperation with the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The GATC is active in the conservation community on issues relating to the protection of the Appalachian Trail. It also conducts a wide range of outdoor recreational events for its membership.\",\n \"title\": \"Georgia Appalachian Trail Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5675067\",\n \"text\": \"Program” or “Trail Towns” program that recognizes and highlights the communities through which the trail’s 2,000 miles run. As well, the ATC’s “A Trail To Every Classroom” is a school program that utilized the trail to teach students about conservation, preservation, earth science and ecology. Because The ATC Headquarters in Harpers Ferry is located roughly at the halfway point for the Appalachian Trail, a photograph at ATC headquarters is a standard ritual for those hikers intending to walk the entire path. One of the functions of the ATC, as the lead organization in managing and protecting the A.T., is to\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail Conservancy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882491\",\n \"text\": \"provisions and gear. The Dartmouth Outing Club maintains the AT from the Vermont border past Mount Moosilauke to Kinsman Notch, northwest of Woodstock, New Hampshire, Randolph Mountain Club maintains 2.2 miles from Osgood Trail near Madison Hut to Edmands Col, with the AMC maintaining the remaining miles through the state. Maine has of the trail. The northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail is on Mount Katahdin's Baxter Peak in Baxter State Park. In some parts of the trail in Maine, even the strongest hikers may only average , with places where hikers must hold on to tree limbs and roots\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3663041\",\n \"text\": \"include Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, England, Ulster-Ireland, Wales, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland. The Ulster-Ireland chapter covers territories of both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Spain also joined the IAT in 2010. Scenic highlights along the route include: Canada Europe Parks include: Canada Europe International Appalachian Trail The International Appalachian Trail (IAT; , SIA) is a hiking trail which runs from the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Mount Katahdin, Maine, through New Brunswick, to the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec, after which it follows a ferry route to Newfoundland, and then continues to the northern-easternmost point\",\n \"title\": \"International Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882493\",\n \"text\": \"south of Abol Bridge. Park management strongly discourages thru-hiking within the park before May 15 or after October 15. The AMC maintains the AT from the New Hampshire state line to Grafton Notch, with the Maine Appalachian Trail Club responsible for maintaining the remaining miles to Mt. Katahdin. The international extension, called the International Appalachian Trail begins at Mt. Katahdin. Listed from south to north. Southern terminus: Springer Mountain, Georgia Northern terminus: Mount Katahdin, Maine The Appalachian Trail Conservancy (originally, \\\"Appalachian Trail Conference\\\") and the National Park Service oversee the entire length of the Appalachian National Scenic Trail via memoranda\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7597919\",\n \"text\": \"through land held by municipalities, private owners, or the club itself. One such trail is the Tuscarora Trail. Other examples are the Massanutten Trail, the Bull Run-Occoquan Trail, and the trails in the Great North Mountain area that lead to the Big Schloss peak. The club also has separate sections for climbing and mountaineering, ski touring, wilderness search and rescue (SMRG/ASRC), and trail patrol. PATC operates a number of primitive cabins for rent to members and non-members (one such cabin is Corbin Cabin). In addition, the club publishes maps and guidebooks for the Appalachian Trail and other trails the club\",\n \"title\": \"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882434\",\n \"text\": \"the Appalachian Trail Conference (now called the Appalachian Trail Conservancy) (ATC). A retired judge named Arthur Perkins and his younger associate Myron Avery took up the cause. In 1929, Perkins, who was also a member of the Connecticut Forest and Park Association and its Blue Blazed Trails committee, found Ned Anderson, a farmer in Sherman, Connecticut, who took on the task of mapping and blazing the Connecticut leg of the trail (1929–1933). It ran from Dog Tail Corners in Webatuck, New York, which borders Kent, Connecticut, at Ashley Falls, through the northwest corner of the state, up to Bear Mountain\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882431\",\n \"text\": \"entirety in a single season. The number of thru-hikes per year has increased steadily, with 715 northbound and 133 southbound thru-hikes reported for 2017. Many books, documentaries, websites, and fan organizations are dedicated to the pursuit. Some hike from one end to the other, then turn around and thru-hike the trail the other way, known as a \\\"yo-yo\\\". An extension known as the International Appalachian Trail continues northeast, crossing Maine and cutting through Canada to Newfoundland, with sections continuing in Greenland, through Europe, and into Morocco. Other separate extensions continue the southern end of the Appalachian range in Alabama and\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882443\",\n \"text\": \", The Pinhoti Trail terminates at the base of Flagg Mountain, near Weogufka in Coosa County, east of Birmingham. In 2010, the Alabama state legislature formed the Alabama Appalachian Mountain Trail Commission to provide state resources for trail improvements, although officially designating Pinhoti as part of the Appalachian Trail would require an act of the United States Congress. The Appalachian Approach Trail begins at Amicalola Falls State Park's visitor center and ends at Springer Mountain. Because Springer Mountain is in a remote area, the Approach Trail is often the beginning of North bound thru-hike attempts. Much of the Approach Trail\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882444\",\n \"text\": \"was originally built as part of the Appalachian Trail, before the southern terminus was relocated from Mount Oglethorpe to Springer Mountain. The Appalachian Trail is home to thousands of species of plants and animals, including 2,000 rare, threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant and animal species. The American black bear (\\\"Ursus americanus\\\"), among the largest animals along the Appalachian Trail, rarely confronts people. The black bear is the largest omnivore that may be encountered on the trail, and it inhabits all regions of the Appalachians. Bear sightings on the trail are uncommon, except in certain sections, especially Shenandoah National Park and\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882442\",\n \"text\": \"Atlantic Ocean, near L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site. The route has since been extended to Greenland, Europe, and Morocco. Although the Appalachian Trail ends in Georgia, the Appalachian Mountains continue south to Flagg Mountain in Alabama. In 2008, the Pinhoti National Recreation Trail in Alabama and Georgia, which terminates at Flagg Mountain, was connected to the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail via the Benton MacKaye Trail. Promoters of the Southern extension refer to MacKaye's statement at the 1925 conference that the Georgia to New Hampshire trail should, in the future, extend to Katahdin, and \\\"then to Birmingham, Alabama\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2916017\",\n \"text\": \"Appalachian Trail station The Appalachian Trail station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, serving campers and hikers destined for the Appalachian Trail, north of Pawling, New York. It is the only rail station directly located on the Appalachian Trail. Trains stop at here on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays only. The Connecticut State line is about from the station. It is from Grand Central Terminal, which takes approximately 1 hour 52 minutes. Appalachian Trail is the northernmost station in the Zone 8 Metro-North fare zone. There are no transportation connections via bus or taxi, but NY\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882460\",\n \"text\": \"the Fontana Hilton because of amenities (e.g. flush toilets) and its proximity to an all-you-can-eat buffet and post office. Several AMC huts have an extended self-service season during the fall, with two extending self-service seasons through the winter and spring. The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club maintains trail cabins, shelters, and huts throughout the Shenandoah region of Virginia. Shelters are generally maintained by local volunteers. Almost all shelters have one or more pre-hung food hangers (generally consisting of a short nylon cord with an upside-down tuna can suspended halfway down its length) where hikers can hang their food bags to keep\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738026\",\n \"text\": \"Appalachian Trail by state The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its roughly -long journey: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. It begins at Springer Mountain, Georgia, and follows the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains, crossing many of its highest peaks and running with only a few exceptions almost continuously through wilderness before ending at Mount Katahdin, Maine. The trail is currently protected along more than 99% of its course by federal or state land ownership or right-of-way. Annually, more than 4,000 volunteers\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15842360\",\n \"text\": \"Appalachian Trail Museum The Appalachian Trail Museum is located in Pine Grove Furnace State Park near Gardners, Pennsylvania, United States, and commemorates pioneer Appalachian Trail builders and hikers including those in the Appalachian Trail Hall of Fame. Artifacts include a 1959 trail shelter from Peters Mountain and vintage hiking equipment such as canes. The museum was conceived in 1998 and is located in a stone gristmill building of the former Pine Grove Iron Works. It is the first hiking museum in the United States. The museum is open from noon to 4 p.m. seven days a week from Memorial Day\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15842363\",\n \"text\": \"was Maurice Forrester, Horace Kephart, Larry Luxenberg and Henry \\\"Arch\\\" Nichols. The 2017 class included Harlean James, Charles Parry, Mildred Norman \\\"Peace Pilgrim\\\" Ryder and Matilda \\\"Tillie\\\" Wood. The 2018 included William \\\"Bill\\\" Kemsley, Jr., Elizabeth Levers, George Masa, Robert \\\"Bob\\\" Peoples. Appalachian Trail Museum The Appalachian Trail Museum is located in Pine Grove Furnace State Park near Gardners, Pennsylvania, United States, and commemorates pioneer Appalachian Trail builders and hikers including those in the Appalachian Trail Hall of Fame. Artifacts include a 1959 trail shelter from Peters Mountain and vintage hiking equipment such as canes. The museum was conceived in\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882478\",\n \"text\": \"In the southwestern portion of the state, the trail goes within one half mile of the highest point in Virginia, Mount Rogers, which is a short side-hike from the AT. West Virginia has of the trail, not including about along the Virginia border. Here the trail passes through the town of Harpers Ferry, headquarters of the Appalachian Trail Conservancy. Harpers Ferry is what many consider to be the mental midpoint of the entire A.T., although the actual midpoint is further north in southern Pennsylvania. (The exact midpoint moves due to trail rerouting.) Maryland has of the trail, with elevations ranging\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882494\",\n \"text\": \"of understanding with other public agencies through whose land the trail runs, including the U.S. Forest Service. national parks, national forests, the Tennessee Valley Authority, state parks, and others, who help administer portions of the trail corridor. The estimated annual contribution of volunteer services for trail upkeep is $3 million. The Appalachian Trail has been a resource for researchers in a variety of disciplines. Portions of the trail in Tennessee were used on a study on trail maintenance for the trail's \\\"uniform environmental conditions and design attributes and substantial gradient in visitor use.\\\" Beginning in 2007, various citizen groups, including\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882430\",\n \"text\": \"about in 1921. The trail itself was completed in 1937 after more than a decade of work, although improvements and changes continue. It is maintained by 31 trail clubs and multiple partnerships, and managed by the National Park Service, United States Forest Service, and the nonprofit Appalachian Trail Conservancy. Most of the trail is in forest or wild lands, although some portions traverse towns, roads and farms. It passes through 14 states: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. Thru-hikers attempt to hike the trail in its\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882432\",\n \"text\": \"continue south into Florida, creating what is known as the Eastern Continental Trail. The Appalachian Trail, the Continental Divide Trail, and the Pacific Crest Trail form what is known as the Triple Crown of Hiking in the United States. The trail was conceived by Benton MacKaye, a forester who wrote his original plan—called \\\"An Appalachian Trail, A Project in Regional Planning\\\"—shortly after the death of his wife in 1921. MacKaye's idea detailed a grand trail that would connect a series of farms and wilderness work/study camps for city-dwellers. In 1922, at the suggestion of Major William A. Welch, director of\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2916020\",\n \"text\": \"platform to the east of the track, long enough for one door of one car to receive and discharge passengers. The platform has no shelter, but has a bulletin board for posting the current train schedule, as well as information for hikers. Appalachian Trail station The Appalachian Trail station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, serving campers and hikers destined for the Appalachian Trail, north of Pawling, New York. It is the only rail station directly located on the Appalachian Trail. Trains stop at here on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays only. The Connecticut State line\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7597917\",\n \"text\": \"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) is a volunteer organization that works to maintain hiking trails in the Washington, D.C. area of the United States. PATC was founded in 1927 to protect and develop the local section of the then new Appalachian Trail. It has expanded its mission to oversee over of trails, 47 shelters and 39 cabins in Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. PATC maintains of the Appalachian Trail, allocated to PATC by the Appalachian Trail Conservancy, which manages all day-to-day trail and land management activities under agreement with the National Park\",\n \"title\": \"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882468\",\n \"text\": \"Annapolis Rocks overlook in Maryland. Trail hikers who attempt to complete the entire trail in a single season are called \\\"thru-hikers\\\"; those who traverse the trail during a series of separate trips are known as \\\"section-hikers\\\". Rugged terrain, weather extremes, illness, injury, and the time and effort required make thru-hiking difficult to accomplish. As of 2017, the Appalachian Trail Conservancy estimated that 3,839 hikers set out from Springer Mountain, northbound, 497 from Mount Katahdin, southbound, and reported 1,186 completions of hiking the entire trail, which includes those by both section and through hikers. Most thru-hikers walk northward from Georgia to\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882487\",\n \"text\": \"summits the highest peak in the southern Taconic Range, Mount Everett (), then descends to the Housatonic River valley and skirts the town of Great Barrington. The trail passes through the towns of Dalton and Cheshire, and summits the highest point in the state at , Mount Greylock. It then quickly descends to the valley within of North Adams and Williamstown, before ascending again to the Vermont state line. The trail throughout Massachusetts is maintained by the Berkshire Chapter of the Appalachian Mountain Club. Vermont has of the trail. Upon entering Vermont, the trail coincides with the southernmost sections of\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882484\",\n \"text\": \"length. It enters Connecticut via the Pawling Nature Reserve. The section of the trail that passes through Harriman and Bear Mountain State Parks is the oldest section of the trail, completed in 1923. A portion of this section was paved by 700 volunteers with 800 granite-slab steps followed by over a mile of walkway supported by stone crib walls with boulders lining the path. The project took four years, cost roughly $1 million, and opened in June 2010. The project was done by the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference, which maintains and updates the Appalachian Trail in New York. Connecticut's\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882433\",\n \"text\": \"the Palisades Interstate Park Commission, his idea was publicized by Raymond H. Torrey with a story in the \\\"New York Evening Post\\\" under a full-page banner headline reading \\\"A Great Trail from Maine to Georgia!\\\" The idea was quickly adopted by the new Palisades Interstate Park Trail Conference as their main project. On October 7, 1923, the first section of the trail, from Bear Mountain west through Harriman State Park to Arden, New York, was opened. MacKaye then called for a two-day Appalachian Trail conference to be held in March 1925 in Washington, D.C. This meeting inspired the formation of\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7597920\",\n \"text\": \"maintains, publishes a monthly newsletter, the \\\"Potomac Appalachian\\\", and organizes hikes throughout the club's area of operations. Potomac Appalachian Trail Club The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) is a volunteer organization that works to maintain hiking trails in the Washington, D.C. area of the United States. PATC was founded in 1927 to protect and develop the local section of the then new Appalachian Trail. It has expanded its mission to oversee over of trails, 47 shelters and 39 cabins in Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. PATC maintains of the Appalachian Trail, allocated to PATC by the Appalachian\",\n \"title\": \"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3663036\",\n \"text\": \"Africa. As of July 2015, there were IAT walking trails in Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Wales, England, France, Spain, Portugal and Morocco. The IAT was proposed in 1994 by Richard Anderson, a Maine fisheries biologist, with plans to traverse the portions of the Appalachian Mountains in Maine, New Brunswick, and Quebec that the Appalachian Trail did not cover. Following route selection, construction of the trail took place through the late 1990s. The first person to thruhike the IAT, as it then existed, was John Brinda from Washington State, in 1997. He did\",\n \"title\": \"International Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882466\",\n \"text\": \"been crimes by non-hikers who crossed paths relatively randomly with victims. The official website of the Appalachian Trail Conservancy points out that the number of violent crimes is extremely low when compared against the number of people (3 to 4 million) who hike on the trail every year. The first reported homicide on the trail was in 1974 in Georgia. In 1981, the issue of violence on the Appalachian Trail received national attention when Robert Mountford, Jr. and Laura Susan Ramsay, both social workers in Ellsworth, Maine, were murdered by Randall Lee Smith. Another homicide occurred in May 1996, when\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738036\",\n \"text\": \". McAfee Knob is affectionately known as \\\"the most photographed spot on the A.T.\\\" The plant life on Virginia's section of the trail includes thickly-growing wild blueberry bushes. The bushes are especially numerous along the trail's central sections, through the Shenandoah National Park, and its northern sections. The blueberries ripen in late summer, offering hikers a plentifully available food source. In 1989, Hurricane Hugo damaged over 300 miles of the Appalachian Trail in Virginia. Three weeks of rain uprooted thousands of trees in what Mike Dawson of the Appalachian Trail Conference called \\\"the worst break in the continuous footpath since\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882438\",\n \"text\": \"three miles of the new trail cleared and blazed, by six Boy Scouts from New York City and their guides. The completed thru-hike was much later recorded and accepted by the Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association. In 1938, the trail sustained major damage from a hurricane that went through the New England area. This happened right before the start of World War II and many of the people working on the trail were called to active duty. In 1948, Earl Shaffer of York, Pennsylvania, brought a great deal of attention to the project by publicizing the first claimed thru-hike. The\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882461\",\n \"text\": \"them out of the reach of rodents. In hiker lingo, these are sometimes called \\\"mouse trapezes.\\\" In addition to official shelters, many people offer their homes, places of business, or inns to accommodate AT hikers. One example is the Little Lyford Pond camps maintained by the Appalachian Mountain Club. Inns are more common in sections of the trail that coincide with national parks, most notably Virginia's Shenandoah National Park. The trail crosses many roads, thus providing ample opportunity for hikers to hitchhike into town for food and other supplies. Many trail towns are accustomed to hikers passing through, and thus\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882483\",\n \"text\": \"in elevation, its highest point in New York being Prospect Rock at , and only from the border with New Jersey. The trail continues north, climbing near Fitzgerald Falls, passing through Sterling Forest, and then entering Harriman State Park and Bear Mountain State Park. The lowest point on the entire Appalachian Trail is in the Bear Mountain Zoo . It crosses the Hudson River on the Bear Mountain Bridge. It then passes through Fahnestock State Park, and continues northeast and crosses the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line. This track crossing is the site of the only train station along the trail's\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15472443\",\n \"text\": \"is adjacent to the Samuel W. Tucker Elementary School. After leaving its intersection with the Backlick Run trail, the Holmes Run Trail continues to travel northwest in Alexandria on the east side of the Run and passes under Duke Street. The trail then travels through Holmes Run Park, passing the Charles Beatley Bridge, which crosses the Run to connect the trail with North Pickett Street and Holmes Run Parkway. The trail continues northwest through Brookvalley Park, where it crosses the Run to the stream's west side. The trail then travels next to the Run under North Van Dorn Street and\",\n \"title\": \"Holmes Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15842361\",\n \"text\": \"to Labor Day and noon to 4 p.m. on weekends until October 31 and reopens April 1. Parking is adjacent to the Furnace Stack Picnic Pavilion. Admission is free. The Appalachian Trail Hall of Fame was established by the museum in 2011. Each year the Museum's Hall of Fame selection committee selects one or more persons to be inducted into the Hall of Fame. Nominations for inclusion are accepted each year using an online survey site. Those eligible for inclusion include anyone who has made an exceptional and positive contribution to the Appalachian Trail or Appalachian Trail Community. Each year's\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882452\",\n \"text\": \"on the trail is reached, where only thin, sporadic flora is interspersed with bare rocks. Between the two regions is the krummholz region, where stunted trees grow with their branches oriented away from the winter's prevailing northwest wind, thus giving the appearance of flags (they are often called \\\"flag trees\\\"). This region resembles lowland terrain hundreds of miles north in Canada. It also contains many endangered and threatened species. The trail has been rerouted over New Hampshire's Presidential Range so the Appalachian Mountain Club can protect certain plant life. The alpine cutoff in the Whites is generally between . Mountains\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16268563\",\n \"text\": \"to 5-acre zoning, so the roads to the five major trailheads (Bull Run Regional Park, Route 28, Hemlock Overlook Regional Park, Bull Run Marina and Fountainhead Regional Park) retain a semi-rural character. This blue-blazed trail is one of many trails maintained by the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club. The middle of April is when the bluebell flowers are in bloom, along with over 25 varieties of wildflowers found on this part of the trail. The 1.5-mile loop has the highest concentration of Bluebells; however, the Bull Run-Occoquan Trail has these and other flowers throughout. The first Bull Run Run was held\",\n \"title\": \"Bull Run-Occoquan Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738050\",\n \"text\": \"at Pawling, which is also the only train station along the length of the trail. It enters Connecticut via the Pawling Nature Reserve. The section of the trail that passes through Harriman and Bear Mountain State Parks is the oldest section of the trail, completed in 1923. The Appalachian Trail in New York is maintained and updated by the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference. Professional trail builder Eddie Walsh and Edward Goodell (Executive Director of the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference) oversaw and coordinated the construction of a paved trail coming off Bear Mountain. That portion of the trail is\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15472442\",\n \"text\": \"passing under the Blue Line and three railroad bridges that are separated by sections of Cameron Run Regional Park. The trail then enters the easternmost portion of Ben Brenman Park, where it passes the origin of Cameron Run at the confluence of Holmes Run and Backlick Run. The trail then travels northwest on the east side of Holmes Run within Ben Brenman Park, where it connects to a paved trail that crosses the Run. That trail travels west near the north side of Backlick Run through Ben Brenman Park and Cameron Station Linear Park to reach Armistead Boothe Park, which\",\n \"title\": \"Holmes Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738037\",\n \"text\": \"it was declared open from Maine to Georgia in August 1937.\\\" Due to responsive and prepared local trail clubs, all but six miles of the trails were re-opened within a month. The annual \\\"Trail Days\\\" festival held in Damascus has become the largest single gathering of Appalachian Trail hikers anywhere. Counties crossed: Monroe County (while sharing the trail with Virginia in the south → Jefferson County (while sharing the trail and briefly entering the state.) West Virginia has of the trail, not including about along the Virginia border. The trail passes through the town of Harpers Ferry, headquarters of the\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15472444\",\n \"text\": \"the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway (Interstate 395). The trail then crosses North Beauregard Street and returns to the east side of the Run. The trail then continues northwest through several wooded sections on the east side of the Run in Dora Kelley Nature Park until it reaches North Chambliss Street, where a bridge carries the trail over the Run to its west side. Shortly thereafter, the trail enters Fairfax County and travels through Glen Hills Park on the Run's west side. After leaving Glen Hills Park, the southern section of the trail continues northwest on the west side of\",\n \"title\": \"Holmes Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738045\",\n \"text\": \"the New Trail (CANT) and four local townships organized to oppose suggested changes by the National Park Service (NPS) to the route in the Great Cumberland Valley between Carlisle and Harrisburg, the longest route that follows a paved highway. Counties crossed: Warren County → Sussex County → Passaic County New Jersey is home to of the trail. This makes the New Jersey section of the Appalachian Trail the second longest trail in the state, behind the Delaware and Raritan Canal Trail. More than half of the Appalachian Trail is along the top of Kittatinny Ridge at the northwestern corner of\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882470\",\n \"text\": \"official AT trail, follow the white blazes, except for side trips to shelters and camp sites. \\\"Blue Blazers\\\" cut miles from the full route by taking side trails marked by blue blazes. The generally pejorative name \\\"Yellow Blazers,\\\" a reference to yellow road stripes, is given to those who hitchhike to move either down or up the trail. Part of hiker subculture includes making colorful entries in logbooks at trail shelters, signed using pseudonyms called \\\"trail names\\\". The Appalachian Trail Conservancy gives the name \\\"2000 Miler\\\" to anyone who completes the entire trail. The ATC's recognition policy for \\\"2000 Milers\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882477\",\n \"text\": \"& Canoeing Club (Kingsport, TN). Virginia has of the trail (one-fourth of the entire trail) including more than along the West Virginia border. With the climate, and the timing of northbound thru-hikers, this section is wet and challenging because of the spring thaw and heavy spring rainfall. Substantial portions of the trail closely parallel Skyline Drive in Shenandoah National Park and, further south, the Blue Ridge Parkway. The Appalachian Trail Conservancy considers as excellent for beginning hikers a well-maintained section of the trail that the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed in Shenandoah National Park. Climbs in this section rarely exceed .\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882440\",\n \"text\": \"trek in 1955, taking 146 days. She repeated the achievement two years later. In the 1960s, the ATC made progress toward protecting the trail from development, thanks to efforts of politicians and officials. The National Trails System Act of 1968 designated the Pacific Crest Trail and Appalachian Trail as the first national scenic trails and paved the way for a series of National Scenic Trails within the National Park and National Forest systems. Trail volunteers worked with the National Park Service to map a permanent route for the trail, and by 1971 a permanent route had been marked (though minor\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882482\",\n \"text\": \", passing over long sections of boardwalk bridges over marshy land, then entering Wawayanda State Park and then the Abram S. Hewitt State Forest just before entering New York near Greenwood Lake. In New Jersey the New York - New Jersey Trail Conference maintains and updates the Appalachian Trail. Black bear activity along the trail in New Jersey increased rapidly starting in 2001. Hence, metal bear-proof trash boxes are in place at all New Jersey shelters. New York's of trail contain very little elevation change compared to other states. From south to north, the trail summits many small mountains under\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738060\",\n \"text\": \"Appalachian Trail Conservancy (or ATC) believes the of the trail in Maine are particularly difficult. The western section includes a mile-long (1.6 km) stretch of boulders at Mahoosuc Notch, often called the trail's hardest mile. The central Maine section crosses the Kennebec River at a point where it is wide, the widest unbridged stream along the trail. The last and most isolated portion in the state (and arguably on the entire trail) is known as the \\\"Hundred-Mile Wilderness\\\". This section heads east-northeast from the town of Monson and ends outside Baxter State Park just south of Abol Bridge. More moose\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882449\",\n \"text\": \"as well as another, higher break, at tree line, above which only hardy alpine plants grow. The sub-alpine region is far more prevalent along the trail than true alpine conditions. While it mainly exists in the north, a few mountains in the south have subalpine environments, which are typically coated in an ecosystem known as the Southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest. Southern ranges and mountains where sub-alpine environments occur include the Great Smoky Mountains, where sub-alpine environments only begin around in elevation, Roan Highlands on the North Carolina-Tennessee border, where sub-alpine growth descends below , and Mount Rogers and the Grayson\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882486\",\n \"text\": \"and yielding views across the Hudson River valley to the Catskills and across the broad expanse of the Housatonic valley and the Berkshire and Litchfield Hills to the east. Just north of Bear, the trail, as it crosses into Massachusetts, descends into Sages Ravine, a deep gorge in the eastern Taconic ridgeline which is home to a fragile old growth forest. As the trail crosses the brook in the ravine, it leaves the area maintained by the Connecticut section of the Appalachian Mountain Club. Massachusetts has of trail. The entire section of trail is in western Massachusetts' Berkshire County. It\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882475\",\n \"text\": \"See also: Georgia Peaks on the Appalachian Trail. North Carolina has of the trail, not including more than along the Tennessee Border. Altitude ranges from . The trail enters from Georgia at Bly Gap, ascending peaks such as Standing Indian Mountain, Mt. Albert, and Wayah Bald. It then goes by Nantahala Outdoor Center at the Nantahala River Gorge and the Nantahala River crossing. Up to this point, the trail is maintained by the Nantahala Hiking Club. Beyond this point, it is maintained by the Smoky Mountains Hiking Club. further north, Fontana Dam marks the entrance to Great Smoky Mountains National\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738054\",\n \"text\": \"it ascends into the Berkshires and passes through the towns of Dalton and Cheshire. It ascends into the Taconic Mountains again, visiting Mount Greylock, the highest point in the state at . It then quickly descends to the valley of the Hoosic River within of North Adams and Williamstown, before ascending again to the Vermont state line. The trail throughout Massachusetts is maintained by the Berkshire Chapter of the Appalachian Mountain Club. Counties crossed: Bennington County → Windham County → Rutland County → Windsor County Vermont has of the trail. Upon entering Vermont, the trail coincides with the southernmost sections\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882471\",\n \"text\": \"gives equal recognition to thru-hikers and section-hikers, operates on the honor system, and recognizes blue-blazed trails or officially required roadwalks as substitutes for the official, white-blazed route during an emergency such as a flood, forest fire, or impending storm on an exposed, high-elevation stretch. As of 2018, more than 19,000 people had reported completing the entire trail. The northbound completion rate of hiking the trail in twelve months or fewer varied from 19% to 27% from 2011 to 2018. The southbound completion rate varied between 27% and 30% during the same period. The Appalachian Trail, the Continental Divide Trail, and\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738061\",\n \"text\": \"are seen by hikers in this state than any other on the trail. The northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail is on Katahdin's Baxter Peak in Baxter State Park. Baxter State Park closes the summer rules overnight camping season from October 15 to May 15 each year. Park management strongly discourages thru-hiking within the park before May 31 or after October 15. The AMC maintains the AT from the New Hampshire border to Grafton Notch, with the Maine Appalachian Trail Club responsible for maintaining the remaining miles to Katahdin. Beginning in the late 1980s, the NPS and ATC challenged the\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738062\",\n \"text\": \"Saddleback Mountain resort in Maine over development of private land that the AT traversed. The dispute continued a decade later, and after a June 1996 meeting between the two sides, NPS and ATC relented from some of their previous positions and reduced their proposed land-acquisition corridor by 70 percent. Even so, they remained opposed to any ski trails crossing the Trail in the alpine area. Saddleback responded that further negotiations were unnecessary and the NPS began appraising if the area was feasible for development. Appalachian Trail by state The Appalachian National Scenic Trail spans fourteen U.S. states during its roughly\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882492\",\n \"text\": \"to climb or descend, which is especially hazardous in wet weather. The western section includes a mile-long (1.6 km) stretch of boulders, some of which hikers must pass under, at Mahoosuc Notch, sometimes called the trail's hardest mile. Although there are dozens of river and stream fords on the Maine section of the trail, the Kennebec River is the only one on the trail that requires a boat crossing. The most isolated portion of the Appalachian Trail, known as the \\\"Hundred-Mile Wilderness\\\", occurs in Maine. It heads east-northeast from the town of Monson and ends outside Baxter State Park just\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882463\",\n \"text\": \"cooked for hikers at a campsite. The Appalachian Trail is relatively safe. Most injuries or incidents are consistent with comparable outdoor activities. Most hazards are related to weather conditions, human error, plants, animals, diseases, and hostile humans encountered along the trail. Many animals live around the trail, with bears, snakes, and wild boars posing the greatest threat to human safety. Several rodent- and bug-borne illnesses are also a potential hazard. In scattered instances, foxes, raccoons, and other small animals may bite hikers, posing risk of rabies and other diseases. There has been one reported case (in 1993) of hantavirus (HPS),\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882450\",\n \"text\": \"Highlands in Virginia, where there is some alpine growth above . Appalachian balds are also found in the Southern highlands, and are believed to occur due to fires or grazing in recent centuries, or in some cases due to thin, sandy soils. Several balds are sprouting trees, and on some, the National Forest service actually mows the grasses periodically in order to keep the balds free of trees. No sub-alpine regions exist between Mount Rogers in Virginia and Mount Greylock in Massachusetts, mainly because the trail stays below from Shenandoah National Park in Virginia to Mount Greylock. Mount Greylock, however,\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"880978\",\n \"text\": \"Georgia. The Appalachian Trail is a hiking trail that runs all the way from Mount Katahdin in Maine to Springer Mountain in Georgia, passing over or past a large part of the Appalachian system. The International Appalachian Trail is an extension of this hiking trail into the Canadian portion of the Appalachian range in New Brunswick and Quebec. The Appalachian belt includes, with the ranges enumerated above, the plateaus sloping southward to the Atlantic Ocean in New England, and south-eastward to the border of the coastal plain through the central and southern Atlantic states; and on the north-west, the Allegheny\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Mountains\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3663037\",\n \"text\": \"this as part of his thruhike of the Eastern Continental Trail starting in Key West, Florida. He was the first person to thruhike the entire Eastern Continental Trail. The Newfoundland and Labrador extension to the IAT was proposed in 2003 and is still under construction. When completed, it will add an additional 1,200 km of trail. The official opening of the first trail section of the IAT Newfoundland was September 23, 2006. The IAT extends northeast from the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Katahdin, Maine to Mars Hill, Maine, before following the U.S.-Canada border north to Fort Fairfield,\",\n \"title\": \"International Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15472447\",\n \"text\": \"of the trail need to know the weather conditions before entering the trail. Holmes Run is part of the Cameron Run/Holmes Run Watershed, and is used to help channel flood waters toward Cameron Run and the Potomac River. Because the trail travels near the level of the water, during and after rainstorms various parts may be submerged, especially on the section of trail that goes underneath Interstate 395. Holmes Run Trail The Holmes Run Trail is a partially paved trail that travels through parks northwest along Holmes Run from Cameron Run in Alexandria, Virginia to Annandale Road (Virginia State Route\",\n \"title\": \"Holmes Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882495\",\n \"text\": \"the Appalachian Trail Conservancy and the American Hiking Society, began a study to monitor environmental changes that have resulted from higher ozone levels, acid rain, smog, and other air quality factors. Such research has been supported by the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, Cornell University, the National Geographic Society, and Aveda Corporation. Behavioral studies have also been conducted on hikers themselves. A 2007 study on hikers found that most persons hike the trail \\\"for fun and enjoyment of life and for warm relationships with others\\\" and that \\\"environmental awareness, physical challenge, camaraderie, exercise, and solitude\\\" were chief results among\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738027\",\n \"text\": \"contribute over 175,000 hours to maintain the trail, an effort coordinated largely by the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC), assisted by some thirty trail clubs and multiple partnerships. Counties crossed: Fannin County → Union County → Lumpkin County → White County → Towns County → Habersham County → Rabun County Georgia has of the trail, including the southern terminus at Springer Mountain (elevation ). An approach trail (not part of the AT) begins at the Amicalola Falls State Park visitor center. The approach trail is often littered with items cast aside by overburdened hikers unprepared for the difficulties of the initial\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15477117\",\n \"text\": \"it. Plans exist to extend the trail further along Pleasant Run Parkway south and west of Garfield Park, eventually connecting to the Wapahani Trail along the White River. An extension north and east from Ellenberger Park toward Shadeland Avenue and the Pennsy Trail is also possible. A connector running north along the west side of Shelby Street to Fountain Square and the Indianapolis Cultural Trail was completed in 2011. Pleasant Run Trail The Pleasant Run Trail, also known as the Pleasant Run Greenway, is a pedestrian and bicycle trail in Indianapolis, Indiana. It runs for from Ellenberger Park, through Christian\",\n \"title\": \"Pleasant Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738035\",\n \"text\": \"mileage of the trail of any state with of the trail (one-fourth of the entire trail), including more than along the West Virginia border. With the climate, and the timing of northbound thru-hikers, this section is wet and challenging because of the spring thaw and heavy spring rainfall. Substantial portions of the trail closely parallel Skyline Drive in Shenandoah National Park and, further south, the Blue Ridge Parkway. The Appalachian Trail Conservancy considers to be excellent for beginning hikers a well-maintained section of the trail that the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed in Shenandoah National Park and whose climbs rarely exceed\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738028\",\n \"text\": \"hike. At , Blood Mountain is the highest point on the trail in Georgia. The AT and approach trail are managed and maintained by the Georgia Appalachian Trail Club. Counties crossed: Clay County → Macon County → Swain County → Graham County → Swain County → (The following counties are traversed along the Tennessee border) Haywood County → Madison County → Yancey County → Mitchell County → Avery County North Carolina has of the trail, not including more than along the Tennessee border. Altitude ranges from . The trail crosses Bly Gap one-tenth of a mile north of the Georgia\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15472437\",\n \"text\": \"Holmes Run Trail The Holmes Run Trail is a partially paved trail that travels through parks northwest along Holmes Run from Cameron Run in Alexandria, Virginia to Annandale Road (Virginia State Route 649) in Fairfax County, Virginia. The trail travels near the sides of the stream with multiple bridges, some of which are only about a foot higher than the water. The trail consists of two sections that are separated by Lake Barcroft near Columbia Pike (Virginia State Route 244) in Fairfax County. The Alexandria portion of the trail is in length and travels northwest in Alexandria from Eisenhower Avenue\",\n \"title\": \"Holmes Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14474412\",\n \"text\": \"Rocky Run Shelter The Rocky Run shelters are located on the western slope of South Mountain just south of Boonsboro. The shelters are situated about off the Appalachian Trail, and are connected to the main trail by a spur. Rocky Run is a hike from the Crampton Gap Shelter (going south) and from the Pine Knob shelter (going north). The original shelter was built in 1940 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and completed in 1941 by the Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) which currently maintains 240 miles of the Appalachian Trail from Pennsylvania to Virginia and an additional 1,000\",\n \"title\": \"Rocky Run Shelter\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15477111\",\n \"text\": \"Pleasant Run Trail The Pleasant Run Trail, also known as the Pleasant Run Greenway, is a pedestrian and bicycle trail in Indianapolis, Indiana. It runs for from Ellenberger Park, through Christian Park, to Garfield Park. It follows the general course of Pleasant Run Creek as it flows to the south and west. Most of the trail is located within the parkway on one side or the other of the creek; the parkway itself is part of the historic Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System. In several places the trail is routed on sidewalks of city streets due to existing structures and\",\n \"title\": \"Pleasant Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16268560\",\n \"text\": \"Bull Run-Occoquan Trail The Bull Run-Occoquan Trail (BROT) is a hiking trail in the U.S. state of Virginia. Designated in 2006 as a National Recreation Trail, the Bull Run-Occoquan Trail invites hikers and horseback riders to discover more than 4,000 acres of scenic woodlands. The approximately 20 mile trail runs along Bull Run from Bull Run Regional Park down through Hemlock Overlook Regional Park to Fountainhead Regional Park. East of the Bull Run Marina, the stream becomes the Occoquan Reservoir, which (with filtration) currently provides drinking water for approximately half of Fairfax County. In the other direction, the trail rises\",\n \"title\": \"Bull Run-Occoquan Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738038\",\n \"text\": \"Appalachian Trail Conservancy. Harpers Ferry is considered the \\\"psychological midpoint\\\" of the AT, although the actual midpoint is just west of Pine Grove Furnace State Park in Pennsylvania. Counties crossed: Washington County → Frederick County Maryland has of the trail, ranging in elevation from . Most of the trail runs along the ridge line of South Mountain in South Mountain State Park Hikers are required to stay at designated shelters and campsites, no camping off-trail. Some hikers choose to hike Maryland in a single day, usually starting just before dawn and ending at dusk. This is known as the Maryland\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7597918\",\n \"text\": \"Service. PATC's area of responsibility begins at the southern end of Shenandoah National Park in Virginia and reaches north to Pine Grove Furnace in Pennsylvania. General trail maintenance is the responsibility of volunteer trail overseers, while trail construction and repair from serious damage, as well as larger projects, are managed by volunteer work crews, such as the Blue and White Crew. In addition to the Appalachian Trail responsibilities, PATC also maintains several hundred miles of trails in Virginia, West Virginia, the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. These trails are found in state and national parks, national forests, and occasionally\",\n \"title\": \"Potomac Appalachian Trail Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17654218\",\n \"text\": \"for about 10,000 years. After contact with European settlers, the Cherokee Nation was forced to move in 1838 to 1839 from their traditional homeland to Oklahoma. Cherokees were relatively late comers to this region, and prior to their removal they were notorious for warring with rival tribes including the Muscogee and the Creeks. The Appalachian Trail, which is a or more trail from Georgia to Maine provides one of the main recreational uses. The trail passes through the Appalachian mountain range, including the Appalachian temperate rainforest. The trail plan was published in 1921, and the trail was completed in 1937.\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian temperate rainforest\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15472446\",\n \"text\": \"Sleepy Hollow Road (Virginia State Route 613) and south of Holmes Run. The trail initially travels east and then turns to travel north, crossing Holmes Run on a bridge to reach the Run's north side. The trail then travels northwest on the north side of the Run through Holmes Run Stream Valley Park. The trail terminates at the south end of Hockett Street, which travels north and connects the trail to the nearby Annandale Road (Virginia State Route 649). While portions of the northern section are paved, that section has a stone dust surface along most of its length. Users\",\n \"title\": \"Holmes Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15470362\",\n \"text\": \"the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe Road without having to ride on-street in Shirlington and Alexandria. Four Mile Run Trail The Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington\",\n \"title\": \"Four Mile Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15470359\",\n \"text\": \"Four Mile Run Trail The Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the Columbia Pike. In 1966, Arlington County\",\n \"title\": \"Four Mile Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3663040\",\n \"text\": \"made to extend the IAT into Western Europe and North Africa. In April 2010 Greenland became the seventh chapter of the International Appalachian Trail. The route is on the Nuussuaq Peninsula near Uummannaq Fjord. Greenland was followed by Scotland in June, when the West Highland Way became the first IAT trail in Europe. In October 2010 the IAT expanded further into Europe when nine new chapters joined the IAT at a meeting in Aviemore, Scotland. The meeting was attended by the IAT President and representatives from Coast Alive, the British Geological Survey, Visit Scotland, and Fáilte Ireland. The new chapters\",\n \"title\": \"International Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5675066\",\n \"text\": \"his retirement in 1948. Today, the trail is maintained by the Appalachian Mountain Club. The ATC is committed not only to trail maintenance and protection, but to education, science and awareness as well. The trail’s size, uniqueness and the environmental effects of it and on it can provide valuable insights and advances for science and ecology. The ATC currently has a MEGA-Transect scientific study underway, which will use data collected (species of flora, fauna, wildlife, weather/climate effects and more) to provide critical information toward preservation on a global scale. The Conservancy strives to heighten awareness via the “ATC’s Community Recognition\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail Conservancy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15477115\",\n \"text\": \"Pleasant Run Trail diverges from the creek and is routed along the sidewalks on English Avenue to Pleasant Run Parkway North Drive. The trail continues west between the parkway and the creek to Keystone Avenue, at which point it is again routed on sidewalks south on Keystone and east on Prospect Street until it again meets the creek. There are signs marking the trail in those locations where it uses city sidewalks. From Prospect Street the trail runs along the north bank of Pleasant Run, passing by Orange Park. Near Spruce Street a pedestrian bridge takes the trail to the\",\n \"title\": \"Pleasant Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2916018\",\n \"text\": \"22 is only steps away from the station. The station was built in three months by Metro-North Railroad forces in 1991 for the cost of $10,000. Its creation was the suggestion of George Zoebelein, who was an avid hiker and a veteran of the NY/NJ Trail Conference as well as both the NY/NJ Appalachian Trail Conferences, and also served as a member of the Metro-North Railroad Commuter Council (MNRCC) of the Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee (PCAC) to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. It is one of three limited service stops operated by Metro-North primarily for hikers, the other two being and\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738047\",\n \"text\": \"long sections of boardwalk bridges over marshy land, then entering Wawayanda State Park and then the Abram S. Hewitt State Forest just before entering New York near Greenwood Lake. The Appalachian Trail in New Jersey is maintained and updated by the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference. Black bear activity along the trail in New Jersey increased rapidly starting in 2001. In July 2005, a teenage hiker sleeping at Mashipacong Shelter was awakened by a bear biting his leg. The bear was later identified and killed by authorities. Metal bear-proof trash boxes are in place at all New Jersey shelters. Counties\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12264968\",\n \"text\": \"Warrenton, Va. Jeremy's Run Jeremy's Run is a stream in Page County, Virginia. Jeremy's Run originates from rainwater flowing down the west slope of Elkwallow Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Elkwallow Gap is a topographical saddle that divides Neighbor Mountain and Hogback Mountain, situated in Shenandoah National Park. Jeremy's Run flows southwest from the gap, to the Great Appalachian Valley. From Elkwallow Gap, the stream flows southward and later westward through a hollow that separates the northern arm of Neighbor Mountain from Knob Mountain. A hiking trail known as Jeremy's Run Trail crosses the stream 14 times in the\",\n \"title\": \"Jeremy's Run\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12264966\",\n \"text\": \"Jeremy's Run Jeremy's Run is a stream in Page County, Virginia. Jeremy's Run originates from rainwater flowing down the west slope of Elkwallow Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Elkwallow Gap is a topographical saddle that divides Neighbor Mountain and Hogback Mountain, situated in Shenandoah National Park. Jeremy's Run flows southwest from the gap, to the Great Appalachian Valley. From Elkwallow Gap, the stream flows southward and later westward through a hollow that separates the northern arm of Neighbor Mountain from Knob Mountain. A hiking trail known as Jeremy's Run Trail crosses the stream 14 times in the national park.\",\n \"title\": \"Jeremy's Run\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"882459\",\n \"text\": \"wooden floor, although some shelters are much more complex in structure. Shelters are usually spaced a day's hike or less apart, most often near a water source (which may be dry) and with a privy. They generally have spaces for tent sites in the vicinity as the shelters may be full. The Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC) operates a system of eight huts along of New Hampshire's White Mountains. These huts are significantly larger than standard trail shelters and offer full-service lodging and meals during the summer months. The Fontana Dam Shelter in North Carolina is more commonly referred to as\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16268564\",\n \"text\": \"by the Virginia Happy Trails Running Club in April 1993. It is a 50-mile footrace following the course of the Bull Run-Occoquan Trail in an out-and-back format. From the year 2006 through 2011, there were 310 to 340 runners annually who started the race and 80% to 95% of them finished before the 13-hour cutoff. The overall course record is 6 hours, 8 minutes and 14 seconds, set by Matt Woods (31) in 2011. Bull Run-Occoquan Trail The Bull Run-Occoquan Trail (BROT) is a hiking trail in the U.S. state of Virginia. Designated in 2006 as a National Recreation Trail,\",\n \"title\": \"Bull Run-Occoquan Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738032\",\n \"text\": \"one of its most remote shelters at Tricorner Knob before gradually descending. Just beyond Mount Cammerer, the A.T. exits the Smokies, crossing Interstate 40 into the Cherokee National Forest. After traversing Snowbird Mountain, Max Patch Bald, and Lemon Gap (just south of Del Rio), the trail exits Tennessee atop Bluff Mountain and re-enters again atop Rich Mountain (in Greene County), some to the northeast. After traversing the Bald Mountains, the Appalachian Trail crosses the Nolichucky River and enters the Unakas, gradually ascending to the Roan Highlands near the town of Roan Mountain in Carter County. Atop Roan High Knob, the\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8738058\",\n \"text\": \"Lafayette, Garfield, South Twin, Jackson, Pierce, Washington (the highest point of the AT north of Tennessee), Madison, Wildcats D and A, Carter Dome, South and Middle Carter. It comes close to the summits of 8 other of the 48 four-thousand footers: Liberty, Galehead, Zealand, Eisenhower, Monroe, Jefferson, Adams, and Moriah. A series of comfortable huts are maintained along parts of the NH trail by the Appalachian Mountain Club. In New Hampshire, the Dartmouth Outing Club maintains the AT from the Vermont border to Mount Moosilauke, Randolph Mountain Club maintains 2.2 miles from Osgood Trail near Madison Hut to Edmands Col,\",\n \"title\": \"Appalachian Trail by state\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11407288\",\n \"text\": \"National Recreation Trail and part of the Benton MacKaye Trail in Georgia, to reach the southern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Springer Mountain. The Appalachian Trail connects with the International Appalachian Trail; through Maine, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Newfoundland. The trail system was named by long-distance hiker M. J. Eberhart (trail name: Nimblewill Nomad). Trails listed in order from north to south. Eastern Continental Trail The Eastern Continental Trail (ECT) is a combination of North American long-distance hiking trails, from Key West, Florida to Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) a distance of , not including the Newfoundland section. A\",\n \"title\": \"Eastern Continental Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12571960\",\n \"text\": \"many old railroad towns here, and some red brick courthouses that are the oldest in the United States, with many buildings being included on the National Historic Register. There are also many important Civil War battlefields within close proximity to the trail. The Southern Highroads Trail is pieced together by various Southeastern scenic highways that either run near or through the landscape of the Appalachian Trail. Fires Creek National Wildlife Reserve Southern Highroads Trail The Southern Highroads Trail is a 364-mile loop of scenic and historic highways in the Southeastern United States. The driving trail traverses 14 counties, four states,\",\n \"title\": \"Southern Highroads Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15477112\",\n \"text\": \"facilities that make the parkway itself discontinuous. In 1994 the Indianapolis Department of Parks and Recreation presented the \\\"Indianapolis Greenways Plan\\\" to establish a system of linear parks consisting of 14 corridors; one of those was the Pleasant Run Corridor. Construction of the trail was begun in 1997, and was officially opened in August 1998. Much of the trail lies within the existing Pleasant Run Parkway; the parkway itself had been constructed in the 1920s as part of the Indianapolis Park and Boulevard System. Most of the trail is asphalt and is wide. Exceptions are in Ellenberger Park, where crushed\",\n \"title\": \"Pleasant Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15477113\",\n \"text\": \"limestone is used, and those places where the path uses existing sidewalks along streets. Every quarter-mile is marked; the first marker in Ellenberger Park is mile 2 because of plans to extend the trail further east. The Pleasant Run Trail starts in the southwest corner of Ellenberger Park in Irvington and follows the north bank of the creek west and south to the Kin Hubbard Memorial, a small park bounded by Emerson Avenue, New York Street, and Pleasant Run Parkway North Drive. From there the trail heads south along Emerson over the creek to Washington Street. It follows Washington Street\",\n \"title\": \"Pleasant Run Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10720890\",\n \"text\": \"Mountains and Ouasioto Mountains in south western West Virginia intersects the Appalachian Trail. A major trail that it crossed has been developed into the Appalachian Trail, today. Catawba Trail The Catawba Trail is a trail developed and used by Native Americans that leads from the Carolinas northerly into Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania. Its several branches led from western Virginia, through West Virginia, Kentucky, and eastern Tennessee. It is a part of the Great Indian Warpath. Its South Carolina and North Carolina origination passes through the Unaka Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. This south and northerly wilderness way was used by\",\n \"title\": \"Catawba Trail\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["eastern united states"],"string":"[\n \"eastern united states\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1793,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is burundi located on a map?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"37945","text":"Geography of Burundi Burundi is located in central Africa, to the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at the co-ordinates . Burundi occupies an area equal to in size, of which is land. The country has of land border: of which is shared with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with Rwanda and with Tanzania. As a landlocked country, Burundi possesses no coastline. It straddles the crest of the Congo-Nile Divide which separates the basins of the Congo and Nile rivers. The farthest headwaters of the Nile, the Ruvyironza River, has its source in Burundi. Burundi in general","title":"Geography of Burundi"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"37945\",\n \"text\": \"Geography of Burundi Burundi is located in central Africa, to the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at the co-ordinates . Burundi occupies an area equal to in size, of which is land. The country has of land border: of which is shared with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with Rwanda and with Tanzania. As a landlocked country, Burundi possesses no coastline. It straddles the crest of the Congo-Nile Divide which separates the basins of the Congo and Nile rivers. The farthest headwaters of the Nile, the Ruvyironza River, has its source in Burundi. Burundi in general\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Burundi\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"15048360","text":", Interbank Burundi has a network of branches in Bujumbura, the national capital and in the provinces. Some of the locations where the bank maintains branches include the following: Interbank Burundi Interbank Burundi, often called Interbank, is a commercial bank in Burundi. It is licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial services provider in Burundi, serving both individuals and businesses. , Interbank was the second largest commercial bank in Burundi, with a market-share of 25%. As of 31 December 2013, the bank's total assets were valued at BIF:304.56","title":"Interbank Burundi"},{"psg_id":"16045173","text":"Libraries in Burundi There are several libraries in Burundi. The National Library and archives is situated in Bujumbura. The University of Burundi library opened in 1981, and was formally dedicated in 1985. It had about 150,000 volumes in the early 1990s. National Library of Burundi is the national library of Burundi, located in Bujumbura. It was established on 20 September 1989 by the Department of Culture in the Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture under Ministerial Order No. 670/1358. The national librarian is Marie Bernadette Ntahorwamiye. The library contains both the library and national archives. Though in the early 1990s","title":"Libraries in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"19452012","text":"FinBank Burundi FinBank Burundi, also known as Finbank, is a commercial bank in Burundi, licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the central bank and national banking regulator. The bank, established in 2002, was between 2008 and 2014 a subsidiary and a component of the Access Bank Group. The headquarters of the bank are located at Boulevard De L’Independence, in Bujumbura, the capital and largest city of Burundi. The coordinates of the bank's headquarters are 3°23'06.0\"S, 29°22'19.0\"E (Latitude:-3.385005; Longitude:29.371943). FinBank incorporated as a leasing finance company, under the name Finalease, in 2000. Two years later, it was granted","title":"FinBank Burundi"},{"psg_id":"16458696","text":"staff. Buta, Burundi Buta is a small town in the Commune of Bururi in Bururi Province in southern Burundi. It is located 106 km by road southeast of Bujumbura and 11.3 km by R.N.16 and R.N.17 southeast of Bururi. A ten-minute drive from Bururi, Buta is an important garrison town. On April 30, 1997, 44 Hutu and Tutsi seminarians were slaughtered at the minor seminary in Buta, most of whom were \"Catholics of African origin: 8 from Rwanda, 6 from Congo, and 1 from Nigeria as well as the 4 from Burundi.\" 36 killed were seminary students and 8 killed","title":"Buta, Burundi"},{"psg_id":"16458695","text":"Buta, Burundi Buta is a small town in the Commune of Bururi in Bururi Province in southern Burundi. It is located 106 km by road southeast of Bujumbura and 11.3 km by R.N.16 and R.N.17 southeast of Bururi. A ten-minute drive from Bururi, Buta is an important garrison town. On April 30, 1997, 44 Hutu and Tutsi seminarians were slaughtered at the minor seminary in Buta, most of whom were \"Catholics of African origin: 8 from Rwanda, 6 from Congo, and 1 from Nigeria as well as the 4 from Burundi.\" 36 killed were seminary students and 8 killed were","title":"Buta, Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13021141","text":"and short- to medium-term credit. Dependence of the sector on donor assistance is limited. Burundi is part of the East African Community and a potential member of the planned East African Federation. Economic growth in Burundi is relatively steady but Burundi is still behind neighbouring countries. Burundi's currency is the Burundian franc (ISO 4217 code BIF). It is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes, though coins have never been issued in centimes in independent Burundi; centime coins were circulated only when Burundi used the Belgian Congo franc. Monetary Policy is controlled by the central bank, Bank of the Republic of Burundi.","title":"Burundi"},{"psg_id":"5359993","text":"University of Burundi The University of Burundi (, or UB) is a public university located in Bujumbura, Burundi. Founded in 1964, it comprises eight faculties and five institutes and has a student enrollment of approximately 13,000. It is based in three campuses in Bujumbura and a fourth in Gitega. It took its current name in 1977 and is Burundi's only publicly funded university. The origins of the University of Burundi can be traced to the Agronomy Institute of the University of the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi, founded under Belgian colonial rule. In 1960 this became the Agronomical Institute of Ruanda-Urundi","title":"University of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"11623155","text":"Uganda, which included four drone aircraft. Relations severely deteriorated in 2015 when Nkurunziza ran and won for a third term and Burundi faced sanctions. The U.S. Embassy is located in Bujumbura. The Embassy of the Republic of Burundi to the United States is in Washington. https://bi.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/ Burundi–United States relations Burundi–United States relations are the international relations between Burundi and the United States. In 1962, the United States established diplomatic relations with Burundi when it gained its independence from Belgium. Following independence, the country experienced political assassinations, ethnic violence, and cyclical periods of armed conflict; several governments were installed through coups.","title":"Burundi–United States relations"},{"psg_id":"9064940","text":"Islam in Burundi Islam is a minority religion in Burundi where approximately 90 percent of the national population are followers of Christianity. Between 2–5 percent of the population identifies as Muslim, according to a 2010 estimate by the United States Department of State. The Pew Research Centre estimated in 2010 that there were 230,000 Muslims in Burundi, equivalent to 2.8 percent of Burundi's 8.4 million inhabitants. Islam first arrived in Burundi from East African coast as part of the Arab slave trade in the late 19th century. The Arabs were prevented from entering the Kingdom of Burundi by a successful","title":"Islam in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"17314150","text":"in 1967 by anthropologists Michel Vuylsteke and Charles Duvelle, and was released on the album \"Musique du Burundi\" on the French Ocora label in 1968. Steiphenson overdubbed his own piano and guitar rock arrangement onto the recording. In 1981, a new arrangement of \"Burundi Black\" was recorded by drummer Rusty Egan and French record producer Jean-Philippe Iliesco, and released in the UK and US where it became a dancefloor hit, described by music critic Robert Palmer as \"glitzy pop-schlock, a throwaway with a beat\". Palmer noted that, although Steiphenson had retained copyright over \"Burundi Black\", the Burundian musicians made no","title":"Burundi Black"},{"psg_id":"13021150","text":"has increased by 17% since 2002. Burundi's literacy rate is relatively low due to low school attendance and because literacy in Kirundi only provides access to materials printed in that language, though it is higher than many other African countries. Ten percent of Burundian boys are allowed a secondary education. Burundi has just one public university, University of Burundi. There are museums in the cities, such as the Burundi Geological Museum in Bujumbura and the Burundi National Museum and the Burundi Museum of Life in Gitega. There will be a new school opening in one of the poorest regions, Rusaga,","title":"Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13263988","text":"There are 117 \"communes\" in Burundi. The smallest subdivision in Burundi is the \"colline\" (literally \"hill\") of which there are 2,638 in the country. Subdivisions of Burundi Burundi is a unitary state which is sub-divided at three levels: provinces, communes, and \"collines\" (hills). The largest administrative division in Burundi is the province. There are 18 provinces in Burundi, each named after its provincial capital. Each province has a Provincial Governor. The provincial organisation of Burundi has been reformed on a number of occasions. The most recent province, Rumonge, was created in 2015. The provinces are Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural,","title":"Subdivisions of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"15048359","text":"Interbank Burundi Interbank Burundi, often called Interbank, is a commercial bank in Burundi. It is licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial services provider in Burundi, serving both individuals and businesses. , Interbank was the second largest commercial bank in Burundi, with a market-share of 25%. As of 31 December 2013, the bank's total assets were valued at BIF:304.56 billion (approx. US$198 million), with shareholders' equity of BIF:36.34 billion (approx. US$23.6 million). The bank was founded in 1993 by citizens and non-citizens of Burundi, representing over ten nationalities.","title":"Interbank Burundi"},{"psg_id":"1856112","text":"Burundi Bwacu Burundi Bwacu (\"Our Burundi\") is the national anthem of Burundi. Written in the Kirundi language by a group of writers led by Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja, a Catholic priest, and composed by Marc Barengayabo, it was adopted upon independence in 1962. Burundi bwacu, Burundi buhire,<br> Shinga icumu mu mashinga,<br> Gaba intahe y'ubugabo ku bugingo.<br> Warapfunywe ntiwapfuye,<br> Warahabishijwe ntiwahababuka,<br> Uhagurukana, uhagurukana, uhagurukana, ubugabo urikukira.<br> Komerwamashi n'amakungu,<br> Habwa impundu nabawe,<br> Isamirane mu mashinga, isamirane mu mashinga, Burundi bwacu, ragi ry'abasokuru,<br> Ramutswa intahe n'ibihugu,<br> Ufatanije ishaka n'ubuhizi;<br> Vuza impundu wiganzuye uwakuganza uwakuganza. Burundi bwacu, nkoramutima kuri twese,<br> Tugutuye amaboko, umutima n'ubuzima,<br> Imana yakuduhaye","title":"Burundi Bwacu"},{"psg_id":"11358863","text":"A Blank on the Map A Blank on the Map is a Television documentary made by the BBC which was written and presented by David Attenborough filmed in New Guinea. It was first transmitted in the UK on 29 December 1971 and is now available on the DVD collection \"Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages\". The documentary follows Attenborough as he joins Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-71 (3 May to 10 June 1971), led by ADC Laurie Bragge, crossing through a previously unexplored region in search of an uncontacted people known as the Bikaru. However a setback is encountered when","title":"A Blank on the Map"},{"psg_id":"17314149","text":"Burundi Black \"Burundi Black\" is a 1971 recording credited to Burundi Steiphenson Black. Released as a single, it made #31 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was arranged and produced by French pianist, arranger and record producer Michel Bernholc (1941 – June 5, 2002). He was a classically trained pianist who had previously worked with pop musicians such as Michel Berger, France Gall, Françoise Hardy and Claude François. For the \"Burundi Black\" single, he used the pseudonym \"Mike Steïphenson\". The record sampled a recording of drumming by 25 members of the Ingoma people in Burundi. The recording was made","title":"Burundi Black"},{"psg_id":"9064943","text":"in the Burundian genocides and ethnic violence since independence. The Republic of Burundi is officially secular but several Muslim festivals, including Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, are celebrated as national holidays alongside Christian observances. Despite being only a small proportion of the national population, Muslims are represented in senior positions in Burundian politics and society, especially since the end of the Burundian Civil War. Islam in Burundi Islam is a minority religion in Burundi where approximately 90 percent of the national population are followers of Christianity. Between 2–5 percent of the population identifies as Muslim, according to a 2010 estimate","title":"Islam in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"1856116","text":"sense of honour.<br> Sing the glory of liberty conquered again. Our Burundi, worthy of our tenderest love,<br> We vow to your noble service our hands and hearts and lives.<br> May God, who gave you to us, keep you for us to venerate,<br> Under the shield of unity,<br> In peace, joy and prosperity. Burundi Bwacu Burundi Bwacu (\"Our Burundi\") is the national anthem of Burundi. Written in the Kirundi language by a group of writers led by Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja, a Catholic priest, and composed by Marc Barengayabo, it was adopted upon independence in 1962. Burundi bwacu, Burundi buhire,<br> Shinga icumu mu","title":"Burundi Bwacu"},{"psg_id":"18512818","text":"Burundi–Kenya relations Burundi–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between Burundi and Kenya. Burundi is a strategic partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. In 2011, both countries signed a comprehensive bilateral agreement to promote development and technology transfer in agriculture, livestock and fisheries development between them. During the Burundian ethnic clashes, a significant number of Burundians took up refuge in Kenya. Burundi, along with Kenya, is one of the Swahili-speaking states in the African Great Lakes region. In September 2007, Kenya opened a resident mission in Bujumbura. President Pierre Nkurunziza of Burundi has on","title":"Burundi–Kenya relations"},{"psg_id":"4567151","text":"Contrary to what is stated in the explanatory memorandum, any reform concerning Air Burundi does not include SOBUGEA.\" Air Burundi, the national airline, has its head office in Bujumbura. Air Burundi is wholly owned by the government of Burundi. Past suitors for Air Burundi were reported to have included the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED) (who in turn own the Celestair Group that includes Air Uganda, Air Mali and Air Burkina Faso) and various Chinese investors; nothing has borne fruit as yet, and the view was that any potential investors in a privatized Air Burundi will be \"wary","title":"Air Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13021084","text":"Burundi. On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader Pierre Buyoya established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition. Six years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening National Assembly's seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents. Because of the Arusha Accord, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000. In October 2016, Burundi informed the UN of its intention to withdraw from the International Criminal Court. Burundi remains an overwhelmingly rural society, with just 13% of the population living in urban areas in 2013. The population density of around 315 people per","title":"Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13021098","text":"Rwandan Revolution, many Rwandan Tutsi refugees arrived in Burundi during the period from 1959 to 1961. Burundi's first elections took place on 8 September 1961 and UPRONA, a multi-ethnic unity party led by Prince Louis Rwagasore won just over 80% of the electorate's votes. In the wake of the elections, on 13 October, the 29-year-old Prince Rwagasore was assassinated, robbing Burundi of its most popular and well-known nationalist. The country claimed independence on 1 July 1962, and legally changed its name from Ruanda-Urundi to Burundi. Burundi became a constitutional monarchy with Mwami Mwambutsa IV, Prince Rwagasore's father, serving as the","title":"Burundi"},{"psg_id":"11358865","text":"the BBC crew were flown out and the rest of the patrol returned to Ambunti. Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-7 report http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb0172517z A Blank on the Map A Blank on the Map is a Television documentary made by the BBC which was written and presented by David Attenborough filmed in New Guinea. It was first transmitted in the UK on 29 December 1971 and is now available on the DVD collection \"Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages\". The documentary follows Attenborough as he joins Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-71 (3 May to 10 June 1971), led by ADC Laurie Bragge, crossing","title":"A Blank on the Map"},{"psg_id":"12081349","text":"ritual Burundian drum dance was placed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list. There is no UNESCO-recognized World Heritage Site in Burundi but there are 10 sites which are on UNESCO's tentative list. These 10 sites includes Gishora, Mugamba, Muramvya, Gasumo (the southernmost source of the Nile), Lake Rwihinda Natural Reserve, Lake Tanganyika, Rusizi National Park, Kibira National Park, Ruvubu National Park and the Kagera waterfalls. Tourism in Burundi Tourism in Burundi refers to tourism in Burundi. Bujumbura is the capital city of Burundi which is also a major tourist attraction of the country. In addition to this, Lake Tanganyika is","title":"Tourism in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13021127","text":"who remained in their country and reached the conclusion that \"serious human rights violations and abuses have been committed in Burundi since April 2015. The violations the Commission documented include arbitrary arrests and detentions, acts of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, extrajudicial executions, enforced disappearances, rape and other forms of sexual violence.\" Burundi's political system is that of a presidential representative democratic republic based upon a multi-party state. The President of Burundi is the head of state and head of government. There are currently 21 registered parties in Burundi. On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader Pierre Buyoya","title":"Burundi"},{"psg_id":"17314151","text":"money from any of the recordings. The recording of Burundi drummers was also sampled by Joni Mitchell on her song \"The Jungle Line\" (1975), the Def Leppard single \"Rocket\" (1987) and the Beastie Boys' \"59 Chrystie Street\" (1989). Burundi Black \"Burundi Black\" is a 1971 recording credited to Burundi Steiphenson Black. Released as a single, it made #31 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was arranged and produced by French pianist, arranger and record producer Michel Bernholc (1941 – June 5, 2002). He was a classically trained pianist who had previously worked with pop musicians such as Michel Berger,","title":"Burundi Black"},{"psg_id":"19452013","text":"a commercial banking license. It began commercial banking activities in 2003, changing its name to FinBank. In 2008, the Access Bank Group acquired majority shareholding in FinBank Burundi. In early 2014, Access Bank plc divested its interest in the bank to Dillux S.A, an investment company incorporated in Mauritius. As of April 2016, FinBank Burundi maintained the following networked branches: FinBank Burundi FinBank Burundi, also known as Finbank, is a commercial bank in Burundi, licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the central bank and national banking regulator. The bank, established in 2002, was between 2008 and 2014","title":"FinBank Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13263987","text":"Subdivisions of Burundi Burundi is a unitary state which is sub-divided at three levels: provinces, communes, and \"collines\" (hills). The largest administrative division in Burundi is the province. There are 18 provinces in Burundi, each named after its provincial capital. Each province has a Provincial Governor. The provincial organisation of Burundi has been reformed on a number of occasions. The most recent province, Rumonge, was created in 2015. The provinces are Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rumonge, Rutana and Ruyigi. The second-largest administrative division is the \"commune\" (municipality).","title":"Subdivisions of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"4390373","text":"that is electorally successful. Parties are usually based on ethnic background. Elections in Burundi Elections in Burundi gives information on election and election results in Burundi. Burundi elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The National Assembly (\"Assemblée nationale\") has 118 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation with a 2% barrier. The Senate (\"Sénat\") has 49 members, elected for a five-year term by electoral colleges of communal councilors. Extra seats in both chambers can be added to ensure that ethnic and gender quotas are met. Burundi has a multi-party","title":"Elections in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"18512820","text":"of Burundi government officials in major state and transport organs. These include: Both countries have also signed the following BTAs and MoUs: Additionally, EAC countries are working on building a standard gauge railway link that would go through Mombasa-Nairobi-Kampala-Kigali. The line could be extended to Bujumbura in the future. Works began on the Kenyan section of the rail line in December 2014. Burundi–Kenya relations Burundi–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between Burundi and Kenya. Burundi is a strategic partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. In 2011, both countries signed a comprehensive bilateral agreement","title":"Burundi–Kenya relations"},{"psg_id":"12081346","text":"Tourism in Burundi Tourism in Burundi refers to tourism in Burundi. Bujumbura is the capital city of Burundi which is also a major tourist attraction of the country. In addition to this, Lake Tanganyika is a popular tourist attraction. Burundi has vast natural resources and wildlife, but the tourism industry of Burundi is underdeveloped. Tourism has a marginal share in GDP of the nation. Direct contributions of travel and tourism industry to the country's GDP was 2.1% in 2013 and 2% in 2014. According to World Bank data, the number of international tourists increased in the 2000s. In 2000, nearly","title":"Tourism in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"12081348","text":"is necessary before visiting Burundi. Malaria is endemic in Burundi, while vaccination for cholera may also be required when visiting Burundi. Ecotourism is one of the major areas of tourism in Burundi. Kibira National Park, Rurubu River and Lake Tanganyika are considered major natural habitats for wildlife. There are also numerous wildfowl lakes, such as Rwihinda Lake Natural Reserve. Burudian drummers, locally known as \"Abatimbo\", are one of the major cultural attractions. Wooden drums are part of ancient Burundi culture. Their sound is known as \"ancient\" and \"sacred\" sound in Burundi and also a symbol of unity. In 2014, the","title":"Tourism in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"3950726","text":"Cup as well as qualifying in the World Youth Championship in Qatar. In the Homeless World Cup, Burundi won the 2006 INSP Trophy, defeating Argentina in the final. Mohammed Tchité is the most famous Burundian footballer. Football in Burundi Football in Burundi has been affected by the civil war that broke out in Burundi. Before that, Burundi football had been doing well. Football is the most popular sport in Burundi. The football club Vital'O reached the final of the most prestigious African competition; Inter FC and reached the semifinals. Just two nights before the war broke out in Burundi, the","title":"Football in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"20094304","text":"Burundi–India relations Burundi–India relations refers to the international relations that exist between Burundi and India. Apart from bilateral relations, India also engages with Burundi through the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs). Relations between Burundi and India began to grow after the East African Community revoked their sanctions against Burundi and admitted the country into the organisation in May 2007. Burundi opened its embassy in New Delhi in 2009, and the first resident Ambassador to India assumed office in 2010. The High Commission of India in Kampala, Uganda is jointly accredited to Burundi. Several high level diplomatic visits","title":"Burundi–India relations"},{"psg_id":"13021147","text":"the footballer Mohammed Tchité and singer Jean-Pierre Nimbona, popularly known as Kidumu (who is based in Nairobi, Kenya). Crafts are an important art form in Burundi and are attractive gifts to many tourists. Basket weaving is a popular craft for local artisans. Other crafts such as masks, shields, statues and pottery are made in Burundi. Drumming is an important part of the cultural heritage. The world-famous Royal Drummers of Burundi, who have performed for over 40 years, are noted for traditional drumming using the karyenda, amashako, ibishikiso and ikiranya drums. Dance often accompanies drumming performance, which is frequently seen in","title":"Burundi"},{"psg_id":"19426580","text":"and has been operating since. Burundi maintains an embassy in Dar es Salaam and a consulate in Kigoma. Tanzania maintains an embassy in Bujumbura. Various state visits are made between the leaders of the respective countries due to the membership in the East African Community. Burundi–Tanzania relations Burundi–Tanzania relations are bilateral relations between Burundi and Tanzania. Burundi is a strategic partner of Tanzania in many areas, particularly trade. Since Burundi is a landlocked country, almost 80% of its goods are moved through by road to Dar es Salaam Port. Tanzania has also been a strategic partner in mediating the political","title":"Burundi–Tanzania relations"},{"psg_id":"19426576","text":"Burundi–Tanzania relations Burundi–Tanzania relations are bilateral relations between Burundi and Tanzania. Burundi is a strategic partner of Tanzania in many areas, particularly trade. Since Burundi is a landlocked country, almost 80% of its goods are moved through by road to Dar es Salaam Port. Tanzania has also been a strategic partner in mediating the political tensions in the country. Burundi has been very politically alienated and unstable since its independence. There has been various ethnic clashes between the two major ethnic groups and the violence has forced many Burundians to take refugee in neighboring countries mainly Tanzania. The Burundian civil","title":"Burundi–Tanzania relations"},{"psg_id":"44682","text":"Economy of Burundi Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The mainstay of the Burundian economy is agriculture, accounting for 32.9% of GDP in 2008. Agriculture supports more than 70% of the labour force, the majority of whom are subsistence farmers. Although Burundi is potentially self-sufficient in food production, the ongoing civil unrest, overpopulation, and soil erosion have contributed to the contraction of the subsistence economy by 25% in recent years. Large numbers of internally displaced persons have been unable to produce their own food and are largely dependent on international humanitarian assistance. Burundi is a","title":"Economy of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"20795229","text":"2012. Burundi Army Aviation The Burundi Army Aviation is the air force of the Military of Burundi. The Burundi Air Force had involvement Burundian genocides. The \"Force Armée du Burundi\" was formed in 1966 with help from Belgium and Italy. The first aircraft type was a Douglas DC-3 and Aérospatiale SA 342 Gazelle. in 1974 Burundi brought two SIAI-Marchetti SF-260W Warrior's and SIAI-Marchetti SF-260TP Warrior's for COIN and training duties. Burundi's Mil Mi-24 Hind was used in the 1993. The Burundi Army's air unit operates 11 aircraft, including one combat aircraft and six helicopters, of which two are non-operational as","title":"Burundi Army Aviation"},{"psg_id":"20795228","text":"Burundi Army Aviation The Burundi Army Aviation is the air force of the Military of Burundi. The Burundi Air Force had involvement Burundian genocides. The \"Force Armée du Burundi\" was formed in 1966 with help from Belgium and Italy. The first aircraft type was a Douglas DC-3 and Aérospatiale SA 342 Gazelle. in 1974 Burundi brought two SIAI-Marchetti SF-260W Warrior's and SIAI-Marchetti SF-260TP Warrior's for COIN and training duties. Burundi's Mil Mi-24 Hind was used in the 1993. The Burundi Army's air unit operates 11 aircraft, including one combat aircraft and six helicopters, of which two are non-operational as of","title":"Burundi Army Aviation"},{"psg_id":"17125936","text":"Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Burundi as a 'Tier 3' country. Prostitution in Burundi Prostitution in Burundi is illegal but is commonplace and on the rise. Prostitution is prevalent in all areas of the country, and especially in the capital, Bujumbura, and prior to the security crisis in 2015, the tourist areas around Lake Tanganyika. UNAIDS estimate there are 51,00 prostitutes in Burundi. Many women have turned to prostitution due to poverty. Previously law enforcement made little effort to curb prostitution. Political pressures, including from the mayor of Bujumbura, Freddy Mbonimpa, have led","title":"Prostitution in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"10417952","text":"of sexual assault, 35 enforced disappearances, 144 cases of torture and 694 arbitrary arrests during the period. In October 2017, the International Criminal Court approved an investigation into misconducts in Burundi since April 2015. The first session of the examination was opened in April 2016. On October 27, 2017, Burundi pulled out from the court but the court is still open over crimes committed in Burundi prior to that date. Law enforcement in Burundi The principle law enforcement agency in Burundi is the National Police of Burundi (, PNB). The police falls within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Community","title":"Law enforcement in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"44676","text":"Politics of Burundi Politics of Burundi takes place in a framework of a transitional presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Burundi is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Senate and the National Assembly. The political landscape of Burundi has been dominated in recent years by the civil war and a long peace process and move to democracy. The current President of Burundi is Pierre Nkurunziza, a former rebel leader","title":"Politics of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"37948","text":"and landslides. Burundi possesses reserves of: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, and limestone. There is also arable land and the potential for hydropower. Burundi has of land that is irrigated. The table below describes land use in Burundi. Soil erosion is an issue for Burundi, and is as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands. Other issues include: deforestation, due to the uncontrolled cutting-down of trees for fuel; and habitat loss threatens wildlife populations. Burundi is a party to the following","title":"Geography of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"16502125","text":"group to establish subsidiaries in all countries of the East African Community. As of May 2012, KCB Burundi maintained a network of branches at the following locations: KCB Bank Burundi Limited KCB Bank Burundi Limited, also Kenya Commercial Bank Burundi, or KCB Burundi, is a commercial bank in Burundi, licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the national banking regulator. , the parent Kenya Commercial Bank Group had total assets valued at bank's total assets were valued at KSh558 billion. (approx. US$5.613 billion KCB Burundi comprises 0.6 percent of the Group's total assets. Therefore, it is estimated that","title":"KCB Bank Burundi Limited"},{"psg_id":"4567152","text":"of the lack of a robust, clear legal framework that specifically defines the company's activities and roles.\" Financial and other business figures for Air Burundi were rarely published, even before operations were suspended. Until operations were suspended, Air Burundi operated scheduled international services to the following destinations: The Air Burundi fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of August 2016): At August 2006, the airline also operated: Air Burundi Air Burundi was the state-owned national airline of Burundi, although in practice it has not been operational since 2009. At its peak, the airline operated scheduled regional passenger services to Rwanda,","title":"Air Burundi"},{"psg_id":"16502123","text":"KCB Bank Burundi Limited KCB Bank Burundi Limited, also Kenya Commercial Bank Burundi, or KCB Burundi, is a commercial bank in Burundi, licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the national banking regulator. , the parent Kenya Commercial Bank Group had total assets valued at bank's total assets were valued at KSh558 billion. (approx. US$5.613 billion KCB Burundi comprises 0.6 percent of the Group's total assets. Therefore, it is estimated that the bank's total assets were approximately US$33.6 million (KSh3.34 billion), as of December 2015. *Note The bank is a member of the Kenya Commercial Bank Group (KCB","title":"KCB Bank Burundi Limited"},{"psg_id":"18512819","text":"multiple occasions made state visits to Kenya. Former President Mwai Kibaki and Incumbent Uhuru Kenyatta have made state visits to Burundi. On 1 July 2007, Burundi became a full member of the East African Community (EAC). Additionally, Burundi joined the EAC Customs Union on 6 July 2009. It has since then has been a strategic partner in terms of customs and trade integration. Many Kenyan firms have operations in Burundi. Some of which are Kenya Airways, Kenya Commercial Bank (Burundi) and Diamond Trust Bank. Under current and previous programmes the Kenyan government has on multiple occasions helped build the capacity","title":"Burundi–Kenya relations"},{"psg_id":"19348199","text":"Judiciary of Burundi The Judiciary of Burundi is the branch of the Government of the Republic of Burundi which interprets and applies the laws of Burundi to ensure impartial justice under law and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The independence of the judiciary is guaranteed by the constitution. The judicial system in Burundi is based upon French and German customary law and comprises the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeal, Constitutional Courts and Tribunals of First Instance. The President of the Court of Appeal, the presidents of the High Courts, the public prosecutors and the state counsels are","title":"Judiciary of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"14556348","text":"speech is constitutionally guaranteed, Freedom House noted several instances during and after the election where journalists had been targeted for criticizing the government. This included arbitrary arrests, threats, detainment, and beatings. Consequently, in 2011 Burundi was given the press status of 'Not Free' by the NGO. The Working Group on the UPR, in accordance with the Human Rights Council (HRC), held its review on Burundi in December 2009. The next UPR is planned for 2014. In the report of the Working Group, Burundi's Criminal Code was criticized for a number of shortcomings. The Working Group highlighted several areas of concern","title":"Human rights in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"4390372","text":"Elections in Burundi Elections in Burundi gives information on election and election results in Burundi. Burundi elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The National Assembly (\"Assemblée nationale\") has 118 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation with a 2% barrier. The Senate (\"Sénat\") has 49 members, elected for a five-year term by electoral colleges of communal councilors. Extra seats in both chambers can be added to ensure that ethnic and gender quotas are met. Burundi has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and a third party","title":"Elections in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"44691","text":"to privacy, but the government does not always respect this right in practice. Authorities do not always respect the law requiring search warrants. \"Régie Nationale des Postes\" (RNP, National Postal Administration) is responsible for postal service in Burundi. Operating as an independent state-owned company since 1992, the RNP has reported to the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, Posts and Tourism since 2010. Communications in Burundi Communications in Burundi include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, the Internet, and the postal service in Burundi. Radio is the main source of information for many Burundians. The BBC World Service broadcasts on 90.2 FM","title":"Communications in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"19426578","text":"member of the East African Community (EAC). Additionally, Burundi joined the EAC Customs Union on 6 July 2009. It has since then has been a strategic partner in terms of customs and trade integration. Tanzania is Burundi's second largest import partner after China and has a very imbalanced trade balance with Tanzania. in 2013 Burundi exported $1.69 million worth of goods to Tanzania and Tanzania exported $45.2 million worth. Tanzania exports various items to Burundi such as Building material, wheat, sugar and cheap manufactured products. Most of Burundian goods or goods transiting through Burundi to Eastern DRC originate from Dar","title":"Burundi–Tanzania relations"},{"psg_id":"3950725","text":"Football in Burundi Football in Burundi has been affected by the civil war that broke out in Burundi. Before that, Burundi football had been doing well. Football is the most popular sport in Burundi. The football club Vital'O reached the final of the most prestigious African competition; Inter FC and reached the semifinals. Just two nights before the war broke out in Burundi, the national team was in Guinea to play the host in the second leg of the playoffs to qualify for the African Nations Cup. The Burundian youth team reached the semi final of the African Nations Youth","title":"Football in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13949104","text":"Burundi–China relations Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Burundi were established on December 21, 1963 under Chairman Mao Zedong and King Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, respectively. King Mwambutsa broke off diplomatic relations with China in 1965, although they were restored under Michel Micombero the first President of Burundi, on October 31, 1971. Since then, China has provided development aid to Burundi, including helping with the construction of a textiles mill in Bujumbura. As of 2002, China exported $2.718 worth of goods, while importing only $491,000 worth of goods from Burundi. The current Chinese ambassador to","title":"Burundi–China relations"},{"psg_id":"17371180","text":"Kinigi - Prime Minister and acting President of Burundi. Women in Burundi Following the recommendations of a Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in 2008, Burundi ratified the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICCPED), Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (OP-CEDAW), and the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT). However, Women in Burundi are vastly underrepresented at all levels of decision making in the government. The phenomenon of sexual violence, particularly against women and children, is","title":"Women in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"9759756","text":"Definitive map A definitive map is a record of public rights of way in England and Wales. In law it is the definitive record of where a right of way is located. The highway authority (normally the county council, or unitary authority in areas with a one-tier system) has a statutory duty to maintain a definitive map, though in national parks the National Park Authority usually maintains the map. The Inner London boroughs are exempt from the statutory duty though they have the powers to maintain a map: currently none does so. Each right of way also has a written","title":"Definitive map"},{"psg_id":"9759757","text":"description referred to as the definitive statement. Generally the definitive map takes legal precedence over the definitive statement. Definitive map A definitive map is a record of public rights of way in England and Wales. In law it is the definitive record of where a right of way is located. The highway authority (normally the county council, or unitary authority in areas with a one-tier system) has a statutory duty to maintain a definitive map, though in national parks the National Park Authority usually maintains the map. The Inner London boroughs are exempt from the statutory duty though they have","title":"Definitive map"},{"psg_id":"5467870","text":"banana wine and beer, sometimes drinking through straws from a single large container. In some areas, brochettes and frites are a popular remnant of the Belgian colonial period. The presence of Lake Tanganyika Lake Tanganyika adds fish such as \"ngangara\" and \"mukeke\" to Burundian cuisine. A national brewery produces Primus and Amstel beers. Burundi has the University of Burundi. There are several museums in the cities, such as the Burundi Geological Museum in Bujumbura and the Burundi National Museum and the Burundi Museum of Life in Gitega. Adult literacy is at about half among men and about a quarter among","title":"Culture of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13500554","text":"Rugby union in Burundi Rugby union in Burundi is a minor but growing sport. The governing body is the Burundi Rugby Federation. Rugby was first introduced into Burundi in the late 20th century. Burundi was a colony of Belgium until 1962, and some of the earliest games may have been played by people from there (see Rugby union in Belgium). Rugby was also being played in other countries in the region - such as Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya - that were British colonies, again, mainly by whites. In the 1970s and 1980s, rugby in Burundi became better organised. During that","title":"Rugby union in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13511826","text":"known reserves of petroleum or natural gas. Consumption of oil in 2001 is estimated at 3,000 barrels per day. Burundi is estimated to have no known consumption of natural gas in 2001. A subsidiary of BP has an oil exploratory concession in and around Lake Tanganyika. Wood and peat account for 94% of energy consumption in Burundi. Peat offers an alternative to increasingly scarce firewood and charcoal as a domestic energy source. The government is promoting peat production and is fostering the development of renewable energy resources, such as solar electricity and biogas. Energy in Burundi Energy in Burundi is","title":"Energy in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"12580796","text":"Languages of Burundi Since 2014 Burundi has three official languages: Kirundi, French and English. By the same law on languages promulgated in 2014 Kiswahili is mentioned as a fourth language spoken and taught in the country. Of these, only Kirundi is spoken by the vast majority of the population. It is recognised as the national language by the Burundian constitution of 2005. French is spoken by a significant minority and is spoken mainly as a second language or by foreign residents of the country. Burundi is unusual among African states in having a single indigenous language shared by its entire","title":"Languages of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"44687","text":"themselves.\" In 2014, the average size for a farm was about one acre. \"FP\" added that \"The consequence is remarkable scarcity: In the 2013 Global Hunger Index, Burundi had the severest hunger and malnourishment rates of all 120 countries ranked.\" The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017. Economy of Burundi Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The mainstay of the Burundian economy is agriculture, accounting for 32.9% of GDP in 2008. Agriculture supports more than 70% of the labour force, the majority of whom are subsistence farmers. Although Burundi is potentially self-sufficient","title":"Economy of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"2891634","text":"Music of Burundi Burundi is a Central African nation that is closely linked with Rwanda, geographically, historically and culturally. The drum such as the \"karyenda\" is one of central importance. Internationally, the country has produced the music group Royal Drummers of Burundi. Burundian-Belgian musicians like Éric Baranyanka from the Burundese royal family, Ciza Muhirwa and, especially, Khadja Nin, have more recently gained prominence. Since the music is from the mind and soul, it mainly expresses what the people in Burundi feel and what they think when they beat the drums. One feature of Burundian men's folk songs is the presence","title":"Music of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"44697","text":"feature branches in other directions, including Ethiopia and DR Congo. Transport in Burundi There are a number of systems of transport in Burundi, including road and water-based infrastructure, the latter of which makes use of Lake Tanganyika. Furthermore, there are also some airports in Burundi. A great hindrance to Burundi's economic development is lack of adequate transportation. The country has limited ferry services on Lake Tanganyika, few road connections to neighboring countries, no rail connections, and only one airport with a paved runway. Public transport is extremely limited and private bus companies operate buses on the route to Kigali but","title":"Transport in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"44692","text":"Transport in Burundi There are a number of systems of transport in Burundi, including road and water-based infrastructure, the latter of which makes use of Lake Tanganyika. Furthermore, there are also some airports in Burundi. A great hindrance to Burundi's economic development is lack of adequate transportation. The country has limited ferry services on Lake Tanganyika, few road connections to neighboring countries, no rail connections, and only one airport with a paved runway. Public transport is extremely limited and private bus companies operate buses on the route to Kigali but not to Tanzania or the Democratic Republic of Congo. Roads","title":"Transport in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"44681","text":"Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Rumonge and Ruyigi. Burundi is member of ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PMAESA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO. Politics of Burundi Politics of Burundi takes place in a framework of a transitional presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Burundi is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative","title":"Politics of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"2891635","text":"of an \"inanga\", a type of stringed zither. Other instruments include: The so-called \"Burundi beat\", distinctive drumming created by Burundi's tribal musicians, and recorded by French anthropologists, was used to create music by English pop bands Adam and the Ants and Bow Wow Wow. Music of Burundi Burundi is a Central African nation that is closely linked with Rwanda, geographically, historically and culturally. The drum such as the \"karyenda\" is one of central importance. Internationally, the country has produced the music group Royal Drummers of Burundi. Burundian-Belgian musicians like Éric Baranyanka from the Burundese royal family, Ciza Muhirwa and, especially,","title":"Music of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"15528104","text":"sex acts during the reporting period. The pre-deployment anti-trafficking training for Burundian peacekeepers, provided by a foreign government, included a curriculum that created awareness and discouraged acts of trafficking and sexual exploitation. Burundi is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol. Human trafficking in Burundi Burundi is a source country for children and possibly women subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically conditions of involuntary domestic servitude and forced prostitution. Children and young adults may also be coerced into forced labor on plantations or small farms in southern Burundi, or to conduct informal commerce in the streets. Some traffickers","title":"Human trafficking in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"44694","text":"waterways. As of May 2015, MV Mwongozo, a passenger and cargo ferry, connects Bujumbura with Kigoma in Tanzania. Burundi possesses eight airports, of which one has paved runways, whose length exceeds 3,047m. Bujumbura International Airport is the country's primary airport any the country's only airport with a paved runway. There are also a number of helicopter landing strips. As of May 2015 the airlines serving Burundi are: Brussels Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines, flydubai, Kenya Airways and RwandAir. Kigali is the city with the most daily departures. Burundi does not possess any railway infrastructure, although there are proposals to connect Burundi to","title":"Transport in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"16045175","text":"Burundi offers a two-year course for aspiring librarians. There is also a collection at the Institute of Agriculture in Gitega. Government collections include the National Center for Statistical Documentation in the Ministry of Planning, the Ministry of Agriculture's Library of Agronomic Services, the Ministry of Education's Department of Scientific Research library, and the Ministry of Public Administration's Continuing Education Center. Libraries in Burundi There are several libraries in Burundi. The National Library and archives is situated in Bujumbura. The University of Burundi library opened in 1981, and was formally dedicated in 1985. It had about 150,000 volumes in the early","title":"Libraries in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13021128","text":"established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition. Six years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening National Assembly's seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents. Because of the Arusha Accord, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000. Burundi's legislative branch is a bicameral assembly, consisting of the Transitional National Assembly and the Transitional Senate. , the Transitional National Assembly consisted of 170 members, with the Front for Democracy in Burundi holding 38% of seats, and 10% of the assembly controlled by UPRONA. Fifty-two seats were controlled by other parties. Burundi's","title":"Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13021086","text":"to the southeast of the capital, Bujumbura. The most distant source of the River Nile is the Ruvyironza River in the Bururi Province of Burundi, the Nile is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters via the Kagera River to the Ruvyironza River. Another major lake is Lake Tanganyika, located in much of Burundi's southwestern corner. There are two national parks, Kibira National Park to the northwest (a small region of rain forest, adjacent to Nyungwe Forest National Park in Rwanda), and Ruvubu National Park to the northeast (along the Rurubu River, also known as Ruvubu or Ruvuvu). Both were","title":"Burundi"},{"psg_id":"5467871","text":"women. There are several wildlife and nature preserves, and the southern town of Rutana contains a monument to the source of the Nile River. Culture of Burundi The culture of Burundi is based on local tradition and common influence with its neighbors. Traditional drumming of \"karyenda\" is an important part of Burundian cultural heritage, as indicated by the world-famous Royal Drummers of Burundi. Traditional dance often accompanies the drumming, which is frequently seen in celebrations and family gatherings. Some Burundian artisans have special songs to accompany different stages of their work. During the 1972 genocide, many Burundians involved in higher","title":"Culture of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"44688","text":"Communications in Burundi Communications in Burundi include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, the Internet, and the postal service in Burundi. Radio is the main source of information for many Burundians. The BBC World Service broadcasts on 90.2 FM in the capital, Bujumbura, and on 105.6 in Mount Manga; Radio France Internationale and the Voice of America are also available in the capital. There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms. Operating in a turbulent political climate, Burundi's media are subject to occasional government censorship and","title":"Communications in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"13021082","text":"the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and","title":"Burundi"},{"psg_id":"12125238","text":"protocols against child labour. In not practice, the reality of the Burundian education system is often different from its legal structure. The fighting during the Burundian Civil War (1993–2006) did particular damage to the education system. Around 25 percent of all the country's schools were destroyed and many teachers were killed or became internally displaced. Over 6,000 Burundian children also live in refugee camps outside Burundi. Education in Burundi Education is compulsory in Burundi for six years, between the ages of 7 and 13. Theoretically, primary education is free at point of use. Primary education in Burundi spans six grades","title":"Education in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"37947","text":"the short wet season (September–November), the short dry season (December–January), and the long wet season (February–May). Most of Burundi receives between of rainfall a year. The Ruzizi Plain and the northeast receive between The terrain of Burundi is hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in the east. The southern and eastern plains have been categorised by the World Wildlife Fund as part of the Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands ecoregion. The lowest point in the country is at Lake Tanganyika, at , with the highest point being on Mount Heha, at . Natural hazards are posed in Burundi by flooding","title":"Geography of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"5467868","text":"Culture of Burundi The culture of Burundi is based on local tradition and common influence with its neighbors. Traditional drumming of \"karyenda\" is an important part of Burundian cultural heritage, as indicated by the world-famous Royal Drummers of Burundi. Traditional dance often accompanies the drumming, which is frequently seen in celebrations and family gatherings. Some Burundian artisans have special songs to accompany different stages of their work. During the 1972 genocide, many Burundians involved in higher education were killed, stalling written culture. This combined with the lower literacy rate have encouraged an adherence to Burundi's strong oral tradition, which relays","title":"Culture of Burundi"},{"psg_id":"17125931","text":"Prostitution in Burundi Prostitution in Burundi is illegal but is commonplace and on the rise. Prostitution is prevalent in all areas of the country, and especially in the capital, Bujumbura, and prior to the security crisis in 2015, the tourist areas around Lake Tanganyika. UNAIDS estimate there are 51,00 prostitutes in Burundi. Many women have turned to prostitution due to poverty. Previously law enforcement made little effort to curb prostitution. Political pressures, including from the mayor of Bujumbura, Freddy Mbonimpa, have led to crackdowns all over the country. HIV, sex trafficking and child prostitution are problems in the country. As","title":"Prostitution in Burundi"},{"psg_id":"4567146","text":"Air Burundi Air Burundi was the state-owned national airline of Burundi, although in practice it has not been operational since 2009. At its peak, the airline operated scheduled regional passenger services to Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda with its main base at Bujumbura International Airport, and headquarters in Bujumbura. The airline was established in April 1971, and started operations in 1975. It was formed as \"Société de Transports Aériens du Burundi\", and adopted the present name in June 1975. The airline began operations a fleet of two Douglas DC-3s followed by two De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter and a Sud Caravelle","title":"Air Burundi"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15048360\",\n \"text\": \", Interbank Burundi has a network of branches in Bujumbura, the national capital and in the provinces. Some of the locations where the bank maintains branches include the following: Interbank Burundi Interbank Burundi, often called Interbank, is a commercial bank in Burundi. It is licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial services provider in Burundi, serving both individuals and businesses. , Interbank was the second largest commercial bank in Burundi, with a market-share of 25%. As of 31 December 2013, the bank's total assets were valued at BIF:304.56\",\n \"title\": \"Interbank Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16045173\",\n \"text\": \"Libraries in Burundi There are several libraries in Burundi. The National Library and archives is situated in Bujumbura. The University of Burundi library opened in 1981, and was formally dedicated in 1985. It had about 150,000 volumes in the early 1990s. National Library of Burundi is the national library of Burundi, located in Bujumbura. It was established on 20 September 1989 by the Department of Culture in the Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture under Ministerial Order No. 670/1358. The national librarian is Marie Bernadette Ntahorwamiye. The library contains both the library and national archives. Though in the early 1990s\",\n \"title\": \"Libraries in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19452012\",\n \"text\": \"FinBank Burundi FinBank Burundi, also known as Finbank, is a commercial bank in Burundi, licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the central bank and national banking regulator. The bank, established in 2002, was between 2008 and 2014 a subsidiary and a component of the Access Bank Group. The headquarters of the bank are located at Boulevard De L’Independence, in Bujumbura, the capital and largest city of Burundi. The coordinates of the bank's headquarters are 3°23'06.0\\\"S, 29°22'19.0\\\"E (Latitude:-3.385005; Longitude:29.371943). FinBank incorporated as a leasing finance company, under the name Finalease, in 2000. Two years later, it was granted\",\n \"title\": \"FinBank Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16458696\",\n \"text\": \"staff. Buta, Burundi Buta is a small town in the Commune of Bururi in Bururi Province in southern Burundi. It is located 106 km by road southeast of Bujumbura and 11.3 km by R.N.16 and R.N.17 southeast of Bururi. A ten-minute drive from Bururi, Buta is an important garrison town. On April 30, 1997, 44 Hutu and Tutsi seminarians were slaughtered at the minor seminary in Buta, most of whom were \\\"Catholics of African origin: 8 from Rwanda, 6 from Congo, and 1 from Nigeria as well as the 4 from Burundi.\\\" 36 killed were seminary students and 8 killed\",\n \"title\": \"Buta, Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16458695\",\n \"text\": \"Buta, Burundi Buta is a small town in the Commune of Bururi in Bururi Province in southern Burundi. It is located 106 km by road southeast of Bujumbura and 11.3 km by R.N.16 and R.N.17 southeast of Bururi. A ten-minute drive from Bururi, Buta is an important garrison town. On April 30, 1997, 44 Hutu and Tutsi seminarians were slaughtered at the minor seminary in Buta, most of whom were \\\"Catholics of African origin: 8 from Rwanda, 6 from Congo, and 1 from Nigeria as well as the 4 from Burundi.\\\" 36 killed were seminary students and 8 killed were\",\n \"title\": \"Buta, Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13021141\",\n \"text\": \"and short- to medium-term credit. Dependence of the sector on donor assistance is limited. Burundi is part of the East African Community and a potential member of the planned East African Federation. Economic growth in Burundi is relatively steady but Burundi is still behind neighbouring countries. Burundi's currency is the Burundian franc (ISO 4217 code BIF). It is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes, though coins have never been issued in centimes in independent Burundi; centime coins were circulated only when Burundi used the Belgian Congo franc. Monetary Policy is controlled by the central bank, Bank of the Republic of Burundi.\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5359993\",\n \"text\": \"University of Burundi The University of Burundi (, or UB) is a public university located in Bujumbura, Burundi. Founded in 1964, it comprises eight faculties and five institutes and has a student enrollment of approximately 13,000. It is based in three campuses in Bujumbura and a fourth in Gitega. It took its current name in 1977 and is Burundi's only publicly funded university. The origins of the University of Burundi can be traced to the Agronomy Institute of the University of the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi, founded under Belgian colonial rule. In 1960 this became the Agronomical Institute of Ruanda-Urundi\",\n \"title\": \"University of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11623155\",\n \"text\": \"Uganda, which included four drone aircraft. Relations severely deteriorated in 2015 when Nkurunziza ran and won for a third term and Burundi faced sanctions. The U.S. Embassy is located in Bujumbura. The Embassy of the Republic of Burundi to the United States is in Washington. https://bi.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/ Burundi–United States relations Burundi–United States relations are the international relations between Burundi and the United States. In 1962, the United States established diplomatic relations with Burundi when it gained its independence from Belgium. Following independence, the country experienced political assassinations, ethnic violence, and cyclical periods of armed conflict; several governments were installed through coups.\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9064940\",\n \"text\": \"Islam in Burundi Islam is a minority religion in Burundi where approximately 90 percent of the national population are followers of Christianity. Between 2–5 percent of the population identifies as Muslim, according to a 2010 estimate by the United States Department of State. The Pew Research Centre estimated in 2010 that there were 230,000 Muslims in Burundi, equivalent to 2.8 percent of Burundi's 8.4 million inhabitants. Islam first arrived in Burundi from East African coast as part of the Arab slave trade in the late 19th century. The Arabs were prevented from entering the Kingdom of Burundi by a successful\",\n \"title\": \"Islam in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17314150\",\n \"text\": \"in 1967 by anthropologists Michel Vuylsteke and Charles Duvelle, and was released on the album \\\"Musique du Burundi\\\" on the French Ocora label in 1968. Steiphenson overdubbed his own piano and guitar rock arrangement onto the recording. In 1981, a new arrangement of \\\"Burundi Black\\\" was recorded by drummer Rusty Egan and French record producer Jean-Philippe Iliesco, and released in the UK and US where it became a dancefloor hit, described by music critic Robert Palmer as \\\"glitzy pop-schlock, a throwaway with a beat\\\". Palmer noted that, although Steiphenson had retained copyright over \\\"Burundi Black\\\", the Burundian musicians made no\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13021150\",\n \"text\": \"has increased by 17% since 2002. Burundi's literacy rate is relatively low due to low school attendance and because literacy in Kirundi only provides access to materials printed in that language, though it is higher than many other African countries. Ten percent of Burundian boys are allowed a secondary education. Burundi has just one public university, University of Burundi. There are museums in the cities, such as the Burundi Geological Museum in Bujumbura and the Burundi National Museum and the Burundi Museum of Life in Gitega. There will be a new school opening in one of the poorest regions, Rusaga,\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13263988\",\n \"text\": \"There are 117 \\\"communes\\\" in Burundi. The smallest subdivision in Burundi is the \\\"colline\\\" (literally \\\"hill\\\") of which there are 2,638 in the country. Subdivisions of Burundi Burundi is a unitary state which is sub-divided at three levels: provinces, communes, and \\\"collines\\\" (hills). The largest administrative division in Burundi is the province. There are 18 provinces in Burundi, each named after its provincial capital. Each province has a Provincial Governor. The provincial organisation of Burundi has been reformed on a number of occasions. The most recent province, Rumonge, was created in 2015. The provinces are Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural,\",\n \"title\": \"Subdivisions of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15048359\",\n \"text\": \"Interbank Burundi Interbank Burundi, often called Interbank, is a commercial bank in Burundi. It is licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the national banking regulator. The bank is a medium-sized financial services provider in Burundi, serving both individuals and businesses. , Interbank was the second largest commercial bank in Burundi, with a market-share of 25%. As of 31 December 2013, the bank's total assets were valued at BIF:304.56 billion (approx. US$198 million), with shareholders' equity of BIF:36.34 billion (approx. US$23.6 million). The bank was founded in 1993 by citizens and non-citizens of Burundi, representing over ten nationalities.\",\n \"title\": \"Interbank Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1856112\",\n \"text\": \"Burundi Bwacu Burundi Bwacu (\\\"Our Burundi\\\") is the national anthem of Burundi. Written in the Kirundi language by a group of writers led by Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja, a Catholic priest, and composed by Marc Barengayabo, it was adopted upon independence in 1962. Burundi bwacu, Burundi buhire,<br> Shinga icumu mu mashinga,<br> Gaba intahe y'ubugabo ku bugingo.<br> Warapfunywe ntiwapfuye,<br> Warahabishijwe ntiwahababuka,<br> Uhagurukana, uhagurukana, uhagurukana, ubugabo urikukira.<br> Komerwamashi n'amakungu,<br> Habwa impundu nabawe,<br> Isamirane mu mashinga, isamirane mu mashinga, Burundi bwacu, ragi ry'abasokuru,<br> Ramutswa intahe n'ibihugu,<br> Ufatanije ishaka n'ubuhizi;<br> Vuza impundu wiganzuye uwakuganza uwakuganza. Burundi bwacu, nkoramutima kuri twese,<br> Tugutuye amaboko, umutima n'ubuzima,<br> Imana yakuduhaye\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi Bwacu\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11358863\",\n \"text\": \"A Blank on the Map A Blank on the Map is a Television documentary made by the BBC which was written and presented by David Attenborough filmed in New Guinea. It was first transmitted in the UK on 29 December 1971 and is now available on the DVD collection \\\"Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages\\\". The documentary follows Attenborough as he joins Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-71 (3 May to 10 June 1971), led by ADC Laurie Bragge, crossing through a previously unexplored region in search of an uncontacted people known as the Bikaru. However a setback is encountered when\",\n \"title\": \"A Blank on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17314149\",\n \"text\": \"Burundi Black \\\"Burundi Black\\\" is a 1971 recording credited to Burundi Steiphenson Black. Released as a single, it made #31 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was arranged and produced by French pianist, arranger and record producer Michel Bernholc (1941 – June 5, 2002). He was a classically trained pianist who had previously worked with pop musicians such as Michel Berger, France Gall, Françoise Hardy and Claude François. For the \\\"Burundi Black\\\" single, he used the pseudonym \\\"Mike Steïphenson\\\". The record sampled a recording of drumming by 25 members of the Ingoma people in Burundi. The recording was made\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9064943\",\n \"text\": \"in the Burundian genocides and ethnic violence since independence. The Republic of Burundi is officially secular but several Muslim festivals, including Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, are celebrated as national holidays alongside Christian observances. Despite being only a small proportion of the national population, Muslims are represented in senior positions in Burundian politics and society, especially since the end of the Burundian Civil War. Islam in Burundi Islam is a minority religion in Burundi where approximately 90 percent of the national population are followers of Christianity. Between 2–5 percent of the population identifies as Muslim, according to a 2010 estimate\",\n \"title\": \"Islam in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1856116\",\n \"text\": \"sense of honour.<br> Sing the glory of liberty conquered again. Our Burundi, worthy of our tenderest love,<br> We vow to your noble service our hands and hearts and lives.<br> May God, who gave you to us, keep you for us to venerate,<br> Under the shield of unity,<br> In peace, joy and prosperity. Burundi Bwacu Burundi Bwacu (\\\"Our Burundi\\\") is the national anthem of Burundi. Written in the Kirundi language by a group of writers led by Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja, a Catholic priest, and composed by Marc Barengayabo, it was adopted upon independence in 1962. Burundi bwacu, Burundi buhire,<br> Shinga icumu mu\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi Bwacu\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18512818\",\n \"text\": \"Burundi–Kenya relations Burundi–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between Burundi and Kenya. Burundi is a strategic partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. In 2011, both countries signed a comprehensive bilateral agreement to promote development and technology transfer in agriculture, livestock and fisheries development between them. During the Burundian ethnic clashes, a significant number of Burundians took up refuge in Kenya. Burundi, along with Kenya, is one of the Swahili-speaking states in the African Great Lakes region. In September 2007, Kenya opened a resident mission in Bujumbura. President Pierre Nkurunziza of Burundi has on\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi–Kenya relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4567151\",\n \"text\": \"Contrary to what is stated in the explanatory memorandum, any reform concerning Air Burundi does not include SOBUGEA.\\\" Air Burundi, the national airline, has its head office in Bujumbura. Air Burundi is wholly owned by the government of Burundi. Past suitors for Air Burundi were reported to have included the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED) (who in turn own the Celestair Group that includes Air Uganda, Air Mali and Air Burkina Faso) and various Chinese investors; nothing has borne fruit as yet, and the view was that any potential investors in a privatized Air Burundi will be \\\"wary\",\n \"title\": \"Air Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13021084\",\n \"text\": \"Burundi. On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader Pierre Buyoya established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition. Six years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening National Assembly's seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents. Because of the Arusha Accord, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000. In October 2016, Burundi informed the UN of its intention to withdraw from the International Criminal Court. Burundi remains an overwhelmingly rural society, with just 13% of the population living in urban areas in 2013. The population density of around 315 people per\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13021098\",\n \"text\": \"Rwandan Revolution, many Rwandan Tutsi refugees arrived in Burundi during the period from 1959 to 1961. Burundi's first elections took place on 8 September 1961 and UPRONA, a multi-ethnic unity party led by Prince Louis Rwagasore won just over 80% of the electorate's votes. In the wake of the elections, on 13 October, the 29-year-old Prince Rwagasore was assassinated, robbing Burundi of its most popular and well-known nationalist. The country claimed independence on 1 July 1962, and legally changed its name from Ruanda-Urundi to Burundi. Burundi became a constitutional monarchy with Mwami Mwambutsa IV, Prince Rwagasore's father, serving as the\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11358865\",\n \"text\": \"the BBC crew were flown out and the rest of the patrol returned to Ambunti. Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-7 report http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb0172517z A Blank on the Map A Blank on the Map is a Television documentary made by the BBC which was written and presented by David Attenborough filmed in New Guinea. It was first transmitted in the UK on 29 December 1971 and is now available on the DVD collection \\\"Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages\\\". The documentary follows Attenborough as he joins Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-71 (3 May to 10 June 1971), led by ADC Laurie Bragge, crossing\",\n \"title\": \"A Blank on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12081349\",\n \"text\": \"ritual Burundian drum dance was placed on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list. There is no UNESCO-recognized World Heritage Site in Burundi but there are 10 sites which are on UNESCO's tentative list. These 10 sites includes Gishora, Mugamba, Muramvya, Gasumo (the southernmost source of the Nile), Lake Rwihinda Natural Reserve, Lake Tanganyika, Rusizi National Park, Kibira National Park, Ruvubu National Park and the Kagera waterfalls. Tourism in Burundi Tourism in Burundi refers to tourism in Burundi. Bujumbura is the capital city of Burundi which is also a major tourist attraction of the country. In addition to this, Lake Tanganyika is\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13021127\",\n \"text\": \"who remained in their country and reached the conclusion that \\\"serious human rights violations and abuses have been committed in Burundi since April 2015. The violations the Commission documented include arbitrary arrests and detentions, acts of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, extrajudicial executions, enforced disappearances, rape and other forms of sexual violence.\\\" Burundi's political system is that of a presidential representative democratic republic based upon a multi-party state. The President of Burundi is the head of state and head of government. There are currently 21 registered parties in Burundi. On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader Pierre Buyoya\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17314151\",\n \"text\": \"money from any of the recordings. The recording of Burundi drummers was also sampled by Joni Mitchell on her song \\\"The Jungle Line\\\" (1975), the Def Leppard single \\\"Rocket\\\" (1987) and the Beastie Boys' \\\"59 Chrystie Street\\\" (1989). Burundi Black \\\"Burundi Black\\\" is a 1971 recording credited to Burundi Steiphenson Black. Released as a single, it made #31 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was arranged and produced by French pianist, arranger and record producer Michel Bernholc (1941 – June 5, 2002). He was a classically trained pianist who had previously worked with pop musicians such as Michel Berger,\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi Black\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19452013\",\n \"text\": \"a commercial banking license. It began commercial banking activities in 2003, changing its name to FinBank. In 2008, the Access Bank Group acquired majority shareholding in FinBank Burundi. In early 2014, Access Bank plc divested its interest in the bank to Dillux S.A, an investment company incorporated in Mauritius. As of April 2016, FinBank Burundi maintained the following networked branches: FinBank Burundi FinBank Burundi, also known as Finbank, is a commercial bank in Burundi, licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the central bank and national banking regulator. The bank, established in 2002, was between 2008 and 2014\",\n \"title\": \"FinBank Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13263987\",\n \"text\": \"Subdivisions of Burundi Burundi is a unitary state which is sub-divided at three levels: provinces, communes, and \\\"collines\\\" (hills). The largest administrative division in Burundi is the province. There are 18 provinces in Burundi, each named after its provincial capital. Each province has a Provincial Governor. The provincial organisation of Burundi has been reformed on a number of occasions. The most recent province, Rumonge, was created in 2015. The provinces are Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rumonge, Rutana and Ruyigi. The second-largest administrative division is the \\\"commune\\\" (municipality).\",\n \"title\": \"Subdivisions of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4390373\",\n \"text\": \"that is electorally successful. Parties are usually based on ethnic background. Elections in Burundi Elections in Burundi gives information on election and election results in Burundi. Burundi elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The National Assembly (\\\"Assemblée nationale\\\") has 118 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation with a 2% barrier. The Senate (\\\"Sénat\\\") has 49 members, elected for a five-year term by electoral colleges of communal councilors. Extra seats in both chambers can be added to ensure that ethnic and gender quotas are met. Burundi has a multi-party\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18512820\",\n \"text\": \"of Burundi government officials in major state and transport organs. These include: Both countries have also signed the following BTAs and MoUs: Additionally, EAC countries are working on building a standard gauge railway link that would go through Mombasa-Nairobi-Kampala-Kigali. The line could be extended to Bujumbura in the future. Works began on the Kenyan section of the rail line in December 2014. Burundi–Kenya relations Burundi–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between Burundi and Kenya. Burundi is a strategic partner of Kenya in many areas, particularly trade, security (military), education, agriculture and energy. In 2011, both countries signed a comprehensive bilateral agreement\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi–Kenya relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12081346\",\n \"text\": \"Tourism in Burundi Tourism in Burundi refers to tourism in Burundi. Bujumbura is the capital city of Burundi which is also a major tourist attraction of the country. In addition to this, Lake Tanganyika is a popular tourist attraction. Burundi has vast natural resources and wildlife, but the tourism industry of Burundi is underdeveloped. Tourism has a marginal share in GDP of the nation. Direct contributions of travel and tourism industry to the country's GDP was 2.1% in 2013 and 2% in 2014. According to World Bank data, the number of international tourists increased in the 2000s. In 2000, nearly\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12081348\",\n \"text\": \"is necessary before visiting Burundi. Malaria is endemic in Burundi, while vaccination for cholera may also be required when visiting Burundi. Ecotourism is one of the major areas of tourism in Burundi. Kibira National Park, Rurubu River and Lake Tanganyika are considered major natural habitats for wildlife. There are also numerous wildfowl lakes, such as Rwihinda Lake Natural Reserve. Burudian drummers, locally known as \\\"Abatimbo\\\", are one of the major cultural attractions. Wooden drums are part of ancient Burundi culture. Their sound is known as \\\"ancient\\\" and \\\"sacred\\\" sound in Burundi and also a symbol of unity. In 2014, the\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3950726\",\n \"text\": \"Cup as well as qualifying in the World Youth Championship in Qatar. In the Homeless World Cup, Burundi won the 2006 INSP Trophy, defeating Argentina in the final. Mohammed Tchité is the most famous Burundian footballer. Football in Burundi Football in Burundi has been affected by the civil war that broke out in Burundi. Before that, Burundi football had been doing well. Football is the most popular sport in Burundi. The football club Vital'O reached the final of the most prestigious African competition; Inter FC and reached the semifinals. Just two nights before the war broke out in Burundi, the\",\n \"title\": \"Football in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20094304\",\n \"text\": \"Burundi–India relations Burundi–India relations refers to the international relations that exist between Burundi and India. Apart from bilateral relations, India also engages with Burundi through the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs). Relations between Burundi and India began to grow after the East African Community revoked their sanctions against Burundi and admitted the country into the organisation in May 2007. Burundi opened its embassy in New Delhi in 2009, and the first resident Ambassador to India assumed office in 2010. The High Commission of India in Kampala, Uganda is jointly accredited to Burundi. Several high level diplomatic visits\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi–India relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13021147\",\n \"text\": \"the footballer Mohammed Tchité and singer Jean-Pierre Nimbona, popularly known as Kidumu (who is based in Nairobi, Kenya). Crafts are an important art form in Burundi and are attractive gifts to many tourists. Basket weaving is a popular craft for local artisans. Other crafts such as masks, shields, statues and pottery are made in Burundi. Drumming is an important part of the cultural heritage. The world-famous Royal Drummers of Burundi, who have performed for over 40 years, are noted for traditional drumming using the karyenda, amashako, ibishikiso and ikiranya drums. Dance often accompanies drumming performance, which is frequently seen in\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19426580\",\n \"text\": \"and has been operating since. Burundi maintains an embassy in Dar es Salaam and a consulate in Kigoma. Tanzania maintains an embassy in Bujumbura. Various state visits are made between the leaders of the respective countries due to the membership in the East African Community. Burundi–Tanzania relations Burundi–Tanzania relations are bilateral relations between Burundi and Tanzania. Burundi is a strategic partner of Tanzania in many areas, particularly trade. Since Burundi is a landlocked country, almost 80% of its goods are moved through by road to Dar es Salaam Port. Tanzania has also been a strategic partner in mediating the political\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi–Tanzania relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19426576\",\n \"text\": \"Burundi–Tanzania relations Burundi–Tanzania relations are bilateral relations between Burundi and Tanzania. Burundi is a strategic partner of Tanzania in many areas, particularly trade. Since Burundi is a landlocked country, almost 80% of its goods are moved through by road to Dar es Salaam Port. Tanzania has also been a strategic partner in mediating the political tensions in the country. Burundi has been very politically alienated and unstable since its independence. There has been various ethnic clashes between the two major ethnic groups and the violence has forced many Burundians to take refugee in neighboring countries mainly Tanzania. The Burundian civil\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi–Tanzania relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44682\",\n \"text\": \"Economy of Burundi Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The mainstay of the Burundian economy is agriculture, accounting for 32.9% of GDP in 2008. Agriculture supports more than 70% of the labour force, the majority of whom are subsistence farmers. Although Burundi is potentially self-sufficient in food production, the ongoing civil unrest, overpopulation, and soil erosion have contributed to the contraction of the subsistence economy by 25% in recent years. Large numbers of internally displaced persons have been unable to produce their own food and are largely dependent on international humanitarian assistance. Burundi is a\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20795229\",\n \"text\": \"2012. Burundi Army Aviation The Burundi Army Aviation is the air force of the Military of Burundi. The Burundi Air Force had involvement Burundian genocides. The \\\"Force Armée du Burundi\\\" was formed in 1966 with help from Belgium and Italy. The first aircraft type was a Douglas DC-3 and Aérospatiale SA 342 Gazelle. in 1974 Burundi brought two SIAI-Marchetti SF-260W Warrior's and SIAI-Marchetti SF-260TP Warrior's for COIN and training duties. Burundi's Mil Mi-24 Hind was used in the 1993. The Burundi Army's air unit operates 11 aircraft, including one combat aircraft and six helicopters, of which two are non-operational as\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi Army Aviation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20795228\",\n \"text\": \"Burundi Army Aviation The Burundi Army Aviation is the air force of the Military of Burundi. The Burundi Air Force had involvement Burundian genocides. The \\\"Force Armée du Burundi\\\" was formed in 1966 with help from Belgium and Italy. The first aircraft type was a Douglas DC-3 and Aérospatiale SA 342 Gazelle. in 1974 Burundi brought two SIAI-Marchetti SF-260W Warrior's and SIAI-Marchetti SF-260TP Warrior's for COIN and training duties. Burundi's Mil Mi-24 Hind was used in the 1993. The Burundi Army's air unit operates 11 aircraft, including one combat aircraft and six helicopters, of which two are non-operational as of\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi Army Aviation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17125936\",\n \"text\": \"Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Burundi as a 'Tier 3' country. Prostitution in Burundi Prostitution in Burundi is illegal but is commonplace and on the rise. Prostitution is prevalent in all areas of the country, and especially in the capital, Bujumbura, and prior to the security crisis in 2015, the tourist areas around Lake Tanganyika. UNAIDS estimate there are 51,00 prostitutes in Burundi. Many women have turned to prostitution due to poverty. Previously law enforcement made little effort to curb prostitution. Political pressures, including from the mayor of Bujumbura, Freddy Mbonimpa, have led\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10417952\",\n \"text\": \"of sexual assault, 35 enforced disappearances, 144 cases of torture and 694 arbitrary arrests during the period. In October 2017, the International Criminal Court approved an investigation into misconducts in Burundi since April 2015. The first session of the examination was opened in April 2016. On October 27, 2017, Burundi pulled out from the court but the court is still open over crimes committed in Burundi prior to that date. Law enforcement in Burundi The principle law enforcement agency in Burundi is the National Police of Burundi (, PNB). The police falls within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Community\",\n \"title\": \"Law enforcement in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44676\",\n \"text\": \"Politics of Burundi Politics of Burundi takes place in a framework of a transitional presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Burundi is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Senate and the National Assembly. The political landscape of Burundi has been dominated in recent years by the civil war and a long peace process and move to democracy. The current President of Burundi is Pierre Nkurunziza, a former rebel leader\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"37948\",\n \"text\": \"and landslides. Burundi possesses reserves of: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, and limestone. There is also arable land and the potential for hydropower. Burundi has of land that is irrigated. The table below describes land use in Burundi. Soil erosion is an issue for Burundi, and is as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands. Other issues include: deforestation, due to the uncontrolled cutting-down of trees for fuel; and habitat loss threatens wildlife populations. Burundi is a party to the following\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16502125\",\n \"text\": \"group to establish subsidiaries in all countries of the East African Community. As of May 2012, KCB Burundi maintained a network of branches at the following locations: KCB Bank Burundi Limited KCB Bank Burundi Limited, also Kenya Commercial Bank Burundi, or KCB Burundi, is a commercial bank in Burundi, licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the national banking regulator. , the parent Kenya Commercial Bank Group had total assets valued at bank's total assets were valued at KSh558 billion. (approx. US$5.613 billion KCB Burundi comprises 0.6 percent of the Group's total assets. Therefore, it is estimated that\",\n \"title\": \"KCB Bank Burundi Limited\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4567152\",\n \"text\": \"of the lack of a robust, clear legal framework that specifically defines the company's activities and roles.\\\" Financial and other business figures for Air Burundi were rarely published, even before operations were suspended. Until operations were suspended, Air Burundi operated scheduled international services to the following destinations: The Air Burundi fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of August 2016): At August 2006, the airline also operated: Air Burundi Air Burundi was the state-owned national airline of Burundi, although in practice it has not been operational since 2009. At its peak, the airline operated scheduled regional passenger services to Rwanda,\",\n \"title\": \"Air Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16502123\",\n \"text\": \"KCB Bank Burundi Limited KCB Bank Burundi Limited, also Kenya Commercial Bank Burundi, or KCB Burundi, is a commercial bank in Burundi, licensed by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi, the national banking regulator. , the parent Kenya Commercial Bank Group had total assets valued at bank's total assets were valued at KSh558 billion. (approx. US$5.613 billion KCB Burundi comprises 0.6 percent of the Group's total assets. Therefore, it is estimated that the bank's total assets were approximately US$33.6 million (KSh3.34 billion), as of December 2015. *Note The bank is a member of the Kenya Commercial Bank Group (KCB\",\n \"title\": \"KCB Bank Burundi Limited\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18512819\",\n \"text\": \"multiple occasions made state visits to Kenya. Former President Mwai Kibaki and Incumbent Uhuru Kenyatta have made state visits to Burundi. On 1 July 2007, Burundi became a full member of the East African Community (EAC). Additionally, Burundi joined the EAC Customs Union on 6 July 2009. It has since then has been a strategic partner in terms of customs and trade integration. Many Kenyan firms have operations in Burundi. Some of which are Kenya Airways, Kenya Commercial Bank (Burundi) and Diamond Trust Bank. Under current and previous programmes the Kenyan government has on multiple occasions helped build the capacity\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi–Kenya relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19348199\",\n \"text\": \"Judiciary of Burundi The Judiciary of Burundi is the branch of the Government of the Republic of Burundi which interprets and applies the laws of Burundi to ensure impartial justice under law and to provide a mechanism for dispute resolution. The independence of the judiciary is guaranteed by the constitution. The judicial system in Burundi is based upon French and German customary law and comprises the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeal, Constitutional Courts and Tribunals of First Instance. The President of the Court of Appeal, the presidents of the High Courts, the public prosecutors and the state counsels are\",\n \"title\": \"Judiciary of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14556348\",\n \"text\": \"speech is constitutionally guaranteed, Freedom House noted several instances during and after the election where journalists had been targeted for criticizing the government. This included arbitrary arrests, threats, detainment, and beatings. Consequently, in 2011 Burundi was given the press status of 'Not Free' by the NGO. The Working Group on the UPR, in accordance with the Human Rights Council (HRC), held its review on Burundi in December 2009. The next UPR is planned for 2014. In the report of the Working Group, Burundi's Criminal Code was criticized for a number of shortcomings. The Working Group highlighted several areas of concern\",\n \"title\": \"Human rights in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4390372\",\n \"text\": \"Elections in Burundi Elections in Burundi gives information on election and election results in Burundi. Burundi elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The National Assembly (\\\"Assemblée nationale\\\") has 118 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation with a 2% barrier. The Senate (\\\"Sénat\\\") has 49 members, elected for a five-year term by electoral colleges of communal councilors. Extra seats in both chambers can be added to ensure that ethnic and gender quotas are met. Burundi has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and a third party\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44691\",\n \"text\": \"to privacy, but the government does not always respect this right in practice. Authorities do not always respect the law requiring search warrants. \\\"Régie Nationale des Postes\\\" (RNP, National Postal Administration) is responsible for postal service in Burundi. Operating as an independent state-owned company since 1992, the RNP has reported to the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, Posts and Tourism since 2010. Communications in Burundi Communications in Burundi include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, the Internet, and the postal service in Burundi. Radio is the main source of information for many Burundians. The BBC World Service broadcasts on 90.2 FM\",\n \"title\": \"Communications in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19426578\",\n \"text\": \"member of the East African Community (EAC). Additionally, Burundi joined the EAC Customs Union on 6 July 2009. It has since then has been a strategic partner in terms of customs and trade integration. Tanzania is Burundi's second largest import partner after China and has a very imbalanced trade balance with Tanzania. in 2013 Burundi exported $1.69 million worth of goods to Tanzania and Tanzania exported $45.2 million worth. Tanzania exports various items to Burundi such as Building material, wheat, sugar and cheap manufactured products. Most of Burundian goods or goods transiting through Burundi to Eastern DRC originate from Dar\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi–Tanzania relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3950725\",\n \"text\": \"Football in Burundi Football in Burundi has been affected by the civil war that broke out in Burundi. Before that, Burundi football had been doing well. Football is the most popular sport in Burundi. The football club Vital'O reached the final of the most prestigious African competition; Inter FC and reached the semifinals. Just two nights before the war broke out in Burundi, the national team was in Guinea to play the host in the second leg of the playoffs to qualify for the African Nations Cup. The Burundian youth team reached the semi final of the African Nations Youth\",\n \"title\": \"Football in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13949104\",\n \"text\": \"Burundi–China relations Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Burundi were established on December 21, 1963 under Chairman Mao Zedong and King Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, respectively. King Mwambutsa broke off diplomatic relations with China in 1965, although they were restored under Michel Micombero the first President of Burundi, on October 31, 1971. Since then, China has provided development aid to Burundi, including helping with the construction of a textiles mill in Bujumbura. As of 2002, China exported $2.718 worth of goods, while importing only $491,000 worth of goods from Burundi. The current Chinese ambassador to\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi–China relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17371180\",\n \"text\": \"Kinigi - Prime Minister and acting President of Burundi. Women in Burundi Following the recommendations of a Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in 2008, Burundi ratified the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICCPED), Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (OP-CEDAW), and the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT). However, Women in Burundi are vastly underrepresented at all levels of decision making in the government. The phenomenon of sexual violence, particularly against women and children, is\",\n \"title\": \"Women in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9759756\",\n \"text\": \"Definitive map A definitive map is a record of public rights of way in England and Wales. In law it is the definitive record of where a right of way is located. The highway authority (normally the county council, or unitary authority in areas with a one-tier system) has a statutory duty to maintain a definitive map, though in national parks the National Park Authority usually maintains the map. The Inner London boroughs are exempt from the statutory duty though they have the powers to maintain a map: currently none does so. Each right of way also has a written\",\n \"title\": \"Definitive map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9759757\",\n \"text\": \"description referred to as the definitive statement. Generally the definitive map takes legal precedence over the definitive statement. Definitive map A definitive map is a record of public rights of way in England and Wales. In law it is the definitive record of where a right of way is located. The highway authority (normally the county council, or unitary authority in areas with a one-tier system) has a statutory duty to maintain a definitive map, though in national parks the National Park Authority usually maintains the map. The Inner London boroughs are exempt from the statutory duty though they have\",\n \"title\": \"Definitive map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5467870\",\n \"text\": \"banana wine and beer, sometimes drinking through straws from a single large container. In some areas, brochettes and frites are a popular remnant of the Belgian colonial period. The presence of Lake Tanganyika Lake Tanganyika adds fish such as \\\"ngangara\\\" and \\\"mukeke\\\" to Burundian cuisine. A national brewery produces Primus and Amstel beers. Burundi has the University of Burundi. There are several museums in the cities, such as the Burundi Geological Museum in Bujumbura and the Burundi National Museum and the Burundi Museum of Life in Gitega. Adult literacy is at about half among men and about a quarter among\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13500554\",\n \"text\": \"Rugby union in Burundi Rugby union in Burundi is a minor but growing sport. The governing body is the Burundi Rugby Federation. Rugby was first introduced into Burundi in the late 20th century. Burundi was a colony of Belgium until 1962, and some of the earliest games may have been played by people from there (see Rugby union in Belgium). Rugby was also being played in other countries in the region - such as Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya - that were British colonies, again, mainly by whites. In the 1970s and 1980s, rugby in Burundi became better organised. During that\",\n \"title\": \"Rugby union in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13511826\",\n \"text\": \"known reserves of petroleum or natural gas. Consumption of oil in 2001 is estimated at 3,000 barrels per day. Burundi is estimated to have no known consumption of natural gas in 2001. A subsidiary of BP has an oil exploratory concession in and around Lake Tanganyika. Wood and peat account for 94% of energy consumption in Burundi. Peat offers an alternative to increasingly scarce firewood and charcoal as a domestic energy source. The government is promoting peat production and is fostering the development of renewable energy resources, such as solar electricity and biogas. Energy in Burundi Energy in Burundi is\",\n \"title\": \"Energy in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12580796\",\n \"text\": \"Languages of Burundi Since 2014 Burundi has three official languages: Kirundi, French and English. By the same law on languages promulgated in 2014 Kiswahili is mentioned as a fourth language spoken and taught in the country. Of these, only Kirundi is spoken by the vast majority of the population. It is recognised as the national language by the Burundian constitution of 2005. French is spoken by a significant minority and is spoken mainly as a second language or by foreign residents of the country. Burundi is unusual among African states in having a single indigenous language shared by its entire\",\n \"title\": \"Languages of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44687\",\n \"text\": \"themselves.\\\" In 2014, the average size for a farm was about one acre. \\\"FP\\\" added that \\\"The consequence is remarkable scarcity: In the 2013 Global Hunger Index, Burundi had the severest hunger and malnourishment rates of all 120 countries ranked.\\\" The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017. Economy of Burundi Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The mainstay of the Burundian economy is agriculture, accounting for 32.9% of GDP in 2008. Agriculture supports more than 70% of the labour force, the majority of whom are subsistence farmers. Although Burundi is potentially self-sufficient\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2891634\",\n \"text\": \"Music of Burundi Burundi is a Central African nation that is closely linked with Rwanda, geographically, historically and culturally. The drum such as the \\\"karyenda\\\" is one of central importance. Internationally, the country has produced the music group Royal Drummers of Burundi. Burundian-Belgian musicians like Éric Baranyanka from the Burundese royal family, Ciza Muhirwa and, especially, Khadja Nin, have more recently gained prominence. Since the music is from the mind and soul, it mainly expresses what the people in Burundi feel and what they think when they beat the drums. One feature of Burundian men's folk songs is the presence\",\n \"title\": \"Music of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44697\",\n \"text\": \"feature branches in other directions, including Ethiopia and DR Congo. Transport in Burundi There are a number of systems of transport in Burundi, including road and water-based infrastructure, the latter of which makes use of Lake Tanganyika. Furthermore, there are also some airports in Burundi. A great hindrance to Burundi's economic development is lack of adequate transportation. The country has limited ferry services on Lake Tanganyika, few road connections to neighboring countries, no rail connections, and only one airport with a paved runway. Public transport is extremely limited and private bus companies operate buses on the route to Kigali but\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44692\",\n \"text\": \"Transport in Burundi There are a number of systems of transport in Burundi, including road and water-based infrastructure, the latter of which makes use of Lake Tanganyika. Furthermore, there are also some airports in Burundi. A great hindrance to Burundi's economic development is lack of adequate transportation. The country has limited ferry services on Lake Tanganyika, few road connections to neighboring countries, no rail connections, and only one airport with a paved runway. Public transport is extremely limited and private bus companies operate buses on the route to Kigali but not to Tanzania or the Democratic Republic of Congo. Roads\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44681\",\n \"text\": \"Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Rumonge and Ruyigi. Burundi is member of ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PMAESA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO. Politics of Burundi Politics of Burundi takes place in a framework of a transitional presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Burundi is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2891635\",\n \"text\": \"of an \\\"inanga\\\", a type of stringed zither. Other instruments include: The so-called \\\"Burundi beat\\\", distinctive drumming created by Burundi's tribal musicians, and recorded by French anthropologists, was used to create music by English pop bands Adam and the Ants and Bow Wow Wow. Music of Burundi Burundi is a Central African nation that is closely linked with Rwanda, geographically, historically and culturally. The drum such as the \\\"karyenda\\\" is one of central importance. Internationally, the country has produced the music group Royal Drummers of Burundi. Burundian-Belgian musicians like Éric Baranyanka from the Burundese royal family, Ciza Muhirwa and, especially,\",\n \"title\": \"Music of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15528104\",\n \"text\": \"sex acts during the reporting period. The pre-deployment anti-trafficking training for Burundian peacekeepers, provided by a foreign government, included a curriculum that created awareness and discouraged acts of trafficking and sexual exploitation. Burundi is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol. Human trafficking in Burundi Burundi is a source country for children and possibly women subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically conditions of involuntary domestic servitude and forced prostitution. Children and young adults may also be coerced into forced labor on plantations or small farms in southern Burundi, or to conduct informal commerce in the streets. Some traffickers\",\n \"title\": \"Human trafficking in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44694\",\n \"text\": \"waterways. As of May 2015, MV Mwongozo, a passenger and cargo ferry, connects Bujumbura with Kigoma in Tanzania. Burundi possesses eight airports, of which one has paved runways, whose length exceeds 3,047m. Bujumbura International Airport is the country's primary airport any the country's only airport with a paved runway. There are also a number of helicopter landing strips. As of May 2015 the airlines serving Burundi are: Brussels Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines, flydubai, Kenya Airways and RwandAir. Kigali is the city with the most daily departures. Burundi does not possess any railway infrastructure, although there are proposals to connect Burundi to\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16045175\",\n \"text\": \"Burundi offers a two-year course for aspiring librarians. There is also a collection at the Institute of Agriculture in Gitega. Government collections include the National Center for Statistical Documentation in the Ministry of Planning, the Ministry of Agriculture's Library of Agronomic Services, the Ministry of Education's Department of Scientific Research library, and the Ministry of Public Administration's Continuing Education Center. Libraries in Burundi There are several libraries in Burundi. The National Library and archives is situated in Bujumbura. The University of Burundi library opened in 1981, and was formally dedicated in 1985. It had about 150,000 volumes in the early\",\n \"title\": \"Libraries in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13021128\",\n \"text\": \"established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition. Six years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening National Assembly's seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents. Because of the Arusha Accord, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000. Burundi's legislative branch is a bicameral assembly, consisting of the Transitional National Assembly and the Transitional Senate. , the Transitional National Assembly consisted of 170 members, with the Front for Democracy in Burundi holding 38% of seats, and 10% of the assembly controlled by UPRONA. Fifty-two seats were controlled by other parties. Burundi's\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13021086\",\n \"text\": \"to the southeast of the capital, Bujumbura. The most distant source of the River Nile is the Ruvyironza River in the Bururi Province of Burundi, the Nile is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters via the Kagera River to the Ruvyironza River. Another major lake is Lake Tanganyika, located in much of Burundi's southwestern corner. There are two national parks, Kibira National Park to the northwest (a small region of rain forest, adjacent to Nyungwe Forest National Park in Rwanda), and Ruvubu National Park to the northeast (along the Rurubu River, also known as Ruvubu or Ruvuvu). Both were\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5467871\",\n \"text\": \"women. There are several wildlife and nature preserves, and the southern town of Rutana contains a monument to the source of the Nile River. Culture of Burundi The culture of Burundi is based on local tradition and common influence with its neighbors. Traditional drumming of \\\"karyenda\\\" is an important part of Burundian cultural heritage, as indicated by the world-famous Royal Drummers of Burundi. Traditional dance often accompanies the drumming, which is frequently seen in celebrations and family gatherings. Some Burundian artisans have special songs to accompany different stages of their work. During the 1972 genocide, many Burundians involved in higher\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44688\",\n \"text\": \"Communications in Burundi Communications in Burundi include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, the Internet, and the postal service in Burundi. Radio is the main source of information for many Burundians. The BBC World Service broadcasts on 90.2 FM in the capital, Bujumbura, and on 105.6 in Mount Manga; Radio France Internationale and the Voice of America are also available in the capital. There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or credible reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms. Operating in a turbulent political climate, Burundi's media are subject to occasional government censorship and\",\n \"title\": \"Communications in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13021082\",\n \"text\": \"the 20th century, when Germany colonised the region. After the First World War and Germany's defeat, it ceded the territory to Belgium. Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi. Despite common misconceptions, Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation. Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy, but a series of assassinations, coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966. Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and\",\n \"title\": \"Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12125238\",\n \"text\": \"protocols against child labour. In not practice, the reality of the Burundian education system is often different from its legal structure. The fighting during the Burundian Civil War (1993–2006) did particular damage to the education system. Around 25 percent of all the country's schools were destroyed and many teachers were killed or became internally displaced. Over 6,000 Burundian children also live in refugee camps outside Burundi. Education in Burundi Education is compulsory in Burundi for six years, between the ages of 7 and 13. Theoretically, primary education is free at point of use. Primary education in Burundi spans six grades\",\n \"title\": \"Education in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"37947\",\n \"text\": \"the short wet season (September–November), the short dry season (December–January), and the long wet season (February–May). Most of Burundi receives between of rainfall a year. The Ruzizi Plain and the northeast receive between The terrain of Burundi is hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in the east. The southern and eastern plains have been categorised by the World Wildlife Fund as part of the Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands ecoregion. The lowest point in the country is at Lake Tanganyika, at , with the highest point being on Mount Heha, at . Natural hazards are posed in Burundi by flooding\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5467868\",\n \"text\": \"Culture of Burundi The culture of Burundi is based on local tradition and common influence with its neighbors. Traditional drumming of \\\"karyenda\\\" is an important part of Burundian cultural heritage, as indicated by the world-famous Royal Drummers of Burundi. Traditional dance often accompanies the drumming, which is frequently seen in celebrations and family gatherings. Some Burundian artisans have special songs to accompany different stages of their work. During the 1972 genocide, many Burundians involved in higher education were killed, stalling written culture. This combined with the lower literacy rate have encouraged an adherence to Burundi's strong oral tradition, which relays\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17125931\",\n \"text\": \"Prostitution in Burundi Prostitution in Burundi is illegal but is commonplace and on the rise. Prostitution is prevalent in all areas of the country, and especially in the capital, Bujumbura, and prior to the security crisis in 2015, the tourist areas around Lake Tanganyika. UNAIDS estimate there are 51,00 prostitutes in Burundi. Many women have turned to prostitution due to poverty. Previously law enforcement made little effort to curb prostitution. Political pressures, including from the mayor of Bujumbura, Freddy Mbonimpa, have led to crackdowns all over the country. HIV, sex trafficking and child prostitution are problems in the country. As\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in Burundi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4567146\",\n \"text\": \"Air Burundi Air Burundi was the state-owned national airline of Burundi, although in practice it has not been operational since 2009. At its peak, the airline operated scheduled regional passenger services to Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda with its main base at Bujumbura International Airport, and headquarters in Bujumbura. The airline was established in April 1971, and started operations in 1975. It was formed as \\\"Société de Transports Aériens du Burundi\\\", and adopted the present name in June 1975. The airline began operations a fleet of two Douglas DC-3s followed by two De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter and a Sud Caravelle\",\n \"title\": \"Air Burundi\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["africa"],"string":"[\n \"africa\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1794,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what unicef stands for?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12341008","text":"U.S. Fund for UNICEF The United States Fund for UNICEF - also known as UNICEF USA - is the United States non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO) that supports the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Founded in 1947 by Helenka Pantaleoni, it is the oldest of the 36 UNICEF National Committees that support UNICEF worldwide through fundraising, advocacy and education. Since its inception, the U.S. Fund has provided UNICEF and various NGOs with $6.3 billion in cash and gifts-in-kind. The U.S. Fund administers the long-running Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign, which began as a local fundraising event in Pennsylvania in 1950 and has","title":"U.S. Fund for UNICEF"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12341008\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. Fund for UNICEF The United States Fund for UNICEF - also known as UNICEF USA - is the United States non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO) that supports the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Founded in 1947 by Helenka Pantaleoni, it is the oldest of the 36 UNICEF National Committees that support UNICEF worldwide through fundraising, advocacy and education. Since its inception, the U.S. Fund has provided UNICEF and various NGOs with $6.3 billion in cash and gifts-in-kind. The U.S. Fund administers the long-running Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign, which began as a local fundraising event in Pennsylvania in 1950 and has\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. Fund for UNICEF\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12341011","text":"worldwide fundraising activity that continues to provide a significant source of revenue to UNICEF. The U.S. Fund makes UNICEF greeting cards and gifts available in the United States through the UNICEF Market website. The U.S. Fund also supports UNICEF with UNICEF Inspired Gifts. Through this program, individuals can purchase lifesaving supplies for children such as therapeutic milk or anti-malarial mosquito nets and have them shipped to one of the over 150 countries and territories in which UNICEF works. The U.S. Fund for UNICEF has a long history of support from its celebrity ambassadors and high-profile supporters who play a significant","title":"U.S. Fund for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"14028085","text":"she served as the Board’s Chairperson from 1963 to 1965, during which time, as Chair, she actually accepted the Nobel Prize in Oslo on behalf of UNICEF. Back in Israel, she was elected the first Chair of the Israeli Fund for UNICEF. The Israeli Fund opened its new Tel Aviv office in 2009 and is one of the 36 UNICEF National Committees that support UNICEF worldwide through resource mobilization, advocacy, and education. As one of the newest members of the international UNICEF community, the Israeli Fund aims to promote children's rights within Israel and to make Israelis an active part","title":"Israeli Fund for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12571462","text":"traditional door-to-door trick-or-treating. Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF has also partnered with Coinstar to allow customers to submit their donations through Coinstar machines. The program has also expanded outside of the United States. UNICEF in Canada began Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF in 1955. The campaign was rebranded after the Government of Canada declared October 31 of each year \"National UNICEF Day\" in 2000. In 2006, UNICEF Canada discontinued the collection box part of their program, focusing instead on in-classroom fundraising and community engagement. In 2015, UNICEF Canada celebrated 60 years of the National UNICEF Day program having raised more than . Trick-or-Treat for","title":"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12341010","text":"Westin. The U.S. Fund for UNICEF is headquartered in Manhattan in New York City and maintains regional offices in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. The U.S. Fund for UNICEF meets Charity Navigator's highest financial standards for charities. Out of every dollar spent, 90 cents goes toward helping children. 7 cents is spent on fundraising costs, and 3 cents on administration. The first UNICEF greeting card was created in 1949, the design featuring a \"thank you picture\" by a seven-year-old girl whose village in Czechoslovakia received emergency assistance from UNICEF. The card launched a","title":"U.S. Fund for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12571458","text":"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF is a fund-raising program for children sponsored by the U.S. Fund for UNICEF. Started on Halloween 1950 as a local event in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, the program historically involves the distribution of small orange boxes by schools to trick-or-treaters, in which they can solicit small change donations from the houses they visit. Millions of children in the United States, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, and Hong Kong participate in Halloween-related fund-raising events for Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF, and the program has raised over worldwide. Trick-or-Treat in UNICEF was invented by Mary Emma Allison. In 1949, the","title":"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12571460","text":"the United States Committee for UNICEF, later renamed the U.S. Fund for UNICEF, started actively promoting the program. By the 1960s, the concept had expanded throughout the United States, with small orange collection boxes distributed to millions of trick-or-treaters. When UNICEF won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson said in his congratulatory letter: \"Your UNICEF Trick or Treat Day has helped turn a holiday too often marred by youthful vandalism into a program of basic training in world citizenship.\" In 1967, Johnson declared Halloween, October 31, to be \"UNICEF Day\" in the United States; by","title":"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12397046","text":"and gifts, partnerships with companies and special events. UNICEF Ireland is a registered charity. UNICEF Ireland Ambassadors have the ability to focus the world’s attention on the needs of children, helping them to reach a wider audience, allowing them to further highlight the work they undertake to improve the lives of the most vulnerable children around the world. All of their ambassadors dedicate time and energy to UNICEF Ireland in a variety of ways; visiting field projects throughout the world, speaking to the media about what they have seen, or lobbying and raising money on their behalf. UNICEF Ireland Ambassadors","title":"UNICEF Ireland"},{"psg_id":"7242722","text":"also opening and closing songs, performed by all participants: Music for UNICEF Concert The Music for UNICEF Concert: A Gift of Song was a benefit concert of popular music held in the United Nations General Assembly in New York City on January 9, 1979. It was intended to raise money for UNICEF world hunger programs and to mark the beginning of the International Year of the Child. The concert was videotaped and broadcast the following day on NBC in the U.S. and around the world. The moderator was David Frost, with Gilda Radner and Henry Winkler also introducing some of","title":"Music for UNICEF Concert"},{"psg_id":"7242719","text":"Music for UNICEF Concert The Music for UNICEF Concert: A Gift of Song was a benefit concert of popular music held in the United Nations General Assembly in New York City on January 9, 1979. It was intended to raise money for UNICEF world hunger programs and to mark the beginning of the International Year of the Child. The concert was videotaped and broadcast the following day on NBC in the U.S. and around the world. The moderator was David Frost, with Gilda Radner and Henry Winkler also introducing some of the performers. Henry Fonda made a short appearance. Each","title":"Music for UNICEF Concert"},{"psg_id":"12571461","text":"1969, 3.5 million American children were trick-or-treating for donations. Children (and adults) in the U.S. have collected more than $175 million for Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF. Donations to Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF support UNICEF's global programing, but in 2005, half of the proceeds were targeted to a domestic cause, aiding victims of Hurricane Katrina. In 2008, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF introduced mobile phone text message donations as well as a MySpace and Facebook page. In 2014, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF partnered with Crowdrise to expand the campaign's online presence, allowing participants to create personal fundraising web pages in addition to","title":"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556706","text":"activities of one of the 36 National Committees for UNICEF. These non-governmental organizations (NGO) are primarily responsible for fundraising, selling UNICEF greeting cards and products, creating private and public partnerships, advocating for children's rights, and providing other support. The US Fund for UNICEF is the oldest of the national committees, founded in 1947. On 19 April 2007, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in which role she has visited Brazil (2007), China (2008), and Burundi (2009). In 2009, the British retailer Tesco used \"Change for Good\" as advertising, which is trademarked by UNICEF","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556711","text":"season. Race driver Jacques Villeneuve has occasionally placed the UNICEF logo on the #27 Bill Davis Racing pickup truck in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. In Botswana, UNICEF has funded the development of new state-of-the-art HIV/AIDS education for every schoolchild in Botswana from nonprofit organization TeachAIDS. UNICEF announced a landmark partnership with Scottish club Rangers F.C. UNICEF partnered with the Rangers Charity Foundation and pledged to raise £300,000 by 2011. In 2010, UNICEF created a partnership with Phi Iota Alpha, making them the first Greek Lettered Organization UNICEF has ever worked with. In 2011, Phi Iota Alpha raised over $20,000","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12571459","text":"Allisons were living in Bridesburg, a neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. When Mrs. Allison saw a UNICEF booth collecting funds to send powdered milk to undernourished children around the world, she thought of getting children to collect donations for UNICEF instead of candy. Reverend Clyde Allison introduced the concept to local Presbyterian churches. On Halloween 1950, the Allisons recruited their own children and their community's to go door-to-door collecting nickels and dimes in decorated milk cartons to aid children in post-World War II Europe. They collected a total of $17 and donated all of it to UNICEF. In 1953,","title":"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556710","text":"the Spanish and Canadian lead on 14 April 2007, also raising funds for UNICEF and displaying the UNICEF name on their sportswear. The Danish football club Brøndby IF participated in a similar arrangement from 2008 to 2013. In 2007, Race driver Jacques Villeneuve has occasionally placed the UNICEF logo on the #27 Bill Davis Racing pickup truck in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. Australian A-League club Sydney FC announced they would also enter into a partnership with UNICEF raising funds for children in the Asia-Pacific region, and would also display the UNICEF logo for the remainder of the 2011-12 A-League","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12397052","text":"minister gets UNICEF role UNICEF Ireland UNICEF Ireland, also known as the Irish National Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries. The National Committees raise funds for the organisation's worldwide emergency and development work. UNICEF Ireland advises the Irish Government and other bodies on policies and legislation which support the above programmes and commitments under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. UNICEF is not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF Ireland raises funds for these programmes through donations,","title":"UNICEF Ireland"},{"psg_id":"7242721","text":"time, and the performers donated their performance royalties and those from one song each to UNICEF. (The Bee Gees' song \"Too Much Heaven\", for example, had earned more than seven million dollars for UNICEF as of 2003). However, some artists released the royalties for only a limited time. Most of the songs performed were disco and not specifically about the issue of child poverty. Elton John was scheduled to perform but did not appear. A recording of the concert was released on an LP on Polydor Records several weeks later, with the performances in a different running order. There were","title":"Music for UNICEF Concert"},{"psg_id":"7242720","text":"performer signed a large parchment declaring support for UNICEF's goals. The concert was the idea of impresario Robert Stigwood, the Bee Gees, and David Frost, who originally conceived it as an annual event. Not all of the performances were truly live, with ABBA lip-synching their new song \"Chiquitita\" and the Bee Gees lip-synching their song \"Too Much Heaven\". It raised less than one million dollars at the time for UNICEF, although this figure did not include longer-term royalties from the songs and repeat performances. The Music for UNICEF Concert featured some of the biggest names in pop music at the","title":"Music for UNICEF Concert"},{"psg_id":"12751757","text":"UNICEF UK UNICEF UK, also known as the United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries. The National Committees raise funds for the organisation's worldwide emergency and development work. In 2007, UNICEF UK raised £41.3 million for UNICEF’s work with children worldwide. UNICEF UK also advocates for lasting change for children. For example, it works to change government policies and practices that are detrimental to children’s rights in the UK and internationally. Internationally, UNICEF is the leading children’s organisation, reaching children in more than 150 less-developed countries around the world. It works","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"12751768","text":"and UNICEF places a high priority on protecting children from all forms of violence and abuse. For example, in Sierra Leone, UNICEF helped more than 3,600 child soldiers leave army life, while in Burkina Faso, UNICEF’s support helped secure passage of legislation that made female genital mutilation a punishable offence. UNICEF UK UNICEF UK, also known as the United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries. The National Committees raise funds for the organisation's worldwide emergency and development work. In 2007, UNICEF UK raised £41.3 million for UNICEF’s work with children worldwide.","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"12397045","text":"UNICEF Ireland UNICEF Ireland, also known as the Irish National Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries. The National Committees raise funds for the organisation's worldwide emergency and development work. UNICEF Ireland advises the Irish Government and other bodies on policies and legislation which support the above programmes and commitments under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. UNICEF is not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF Ireland raises funds for these programmes through donations, the sale of cards","title":"UNICEF Ireland"},{"psg_id":"14028086","text":"of UNICEF's global efforts to save children's lives. The Israeli Fund's Board of Directors is chaired by Adv. Moriel Matalon and also includes Esther Guluma, Ron Guttmann, Gila Lapidot, Irith Rappaport, and Harriet Mouchly-Weiss. In 2008, the Israeli Fund for UNICEF entered into a partnership with Amdocs, a high-tech company providing customer management and operating systems to some of the world’s biggest telecommunication providers. The partnership provided Amdocs employees with an opportunity to donate to some of UNICEF's projects around the world. In October 2009, Mia Farrow, American actress and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, spent 6 days visiting Israel, Gaza, and","title":"Israeli Fund for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556715","text":"with UNICEF in June 2013 to decrease maternal mortality, HIV and tuberculosis prevalence in South Africa. Merck's program \"Merck for Mothers\" will give US$500 million worldwide for programs that improve health for expectant mothers and their children. In May 2010, Crucell N.V. announced an additional US$110 million award from UNICEF to supply its pentavalent pediatric vaccine Quinvaxem to the developing world. UNICEF works directly with companies to improve their business practices, bringing them in line with obligations under international law, and ensuring that they respect children's rights in the realms of the marketplace, workplace, and the community. In 2012, UNICEF","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"14316209","text":"he helps increase awareness about the issues that affect children in the Philippines and their rights to education, health, protection, participation, and assistance during emergencies. TV host, producer, writer and businesswoman Daphne Oseña-Paez was appointed UNICEF Special Advocate for Children in 2010. Her work for UNICEF focuses on infant and young child feeding, maternal health and maternal mortality, universal primary education, nutrition and child protection. Actress, television host and recording artist Anne Curtis was appointed UNICEF Celebrity Advocate for Children in 2014. Her work for UNICEF focuses on promoting Early Childhood Care & Development. UNICEF Philippines UNICEF Philippines is one","title":"UNICEF Philippines"},{"psg_id":"12556705","text":"Committees collectively raise around one-third of UNICEF's annual income. This comes through contributions from corporations, civil society organizations around six million individual donors worldwide. In the United States, Nepal and some other countries, UNICEF is known for its \"Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF\" program in which children collect money for UNICEF from the houses they trick-or-treat on Halloween night, sometimes instead of candy. UNICEF is present in 191 countries and territories around the world, but not involved in nine others (Bahamas, Brunei, Cyprus, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Malta, Mauritius, Monaco, and Singapore). Many people in developed countries first hear about UNICEF's work through the","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"17776222","text":"of the companies that currently have a corporate partnership with UNICEF Canada includes IKEA Foundation, Hallmark, H&M, Teck, Intact, International Graphics, Sherritt, Maple Leaf, Loblaw, and Fondation L’Occitane. UNICEF Canada UNICEF Canada, also known as the Canadian National Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialized countries. UNICEF is a child-focused humanitarian organization, working in over 190 countries. It was founded in 1955 by volunteers. UNICEF Canada advises the Canadian Government on policies and legislation which support programs and commitments under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It joined 10 other National","title":"UNICEF Canada"},{"psg_id":"17776217","text":"UNICEF Canada UNICEF Canada, also known as the Canadian National Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialized countries. UNICEF is a child-focused humanitarian organization, working in over 190 countries. It was founded in 1955 by volunteers. UNICEF Canada advises the Canadian Government on policies and legislation which support programs and commitments under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It joined 10 other National Committees to assist children over 190 countries and territories. UNICEF Canada has a long history of support from its Goodwill Ambassadors and high-profile supporters. They include Ambassadors such","title":"UNICEF Canada"},{"psg_id":"12751760","text":"to highlight work undertaken to improve the lives of the most vulnerable children around the world. All UNICEF Ambassadors have been appointed because they have already demonstrated a commitment to the organisation’s work. They dedicate time and energy in a variety of ways: visiting projects in the field and emergency situations, speaking to the media about what they have seen, or lobbying and raising money. Current UNICEF UK Ambassadors and high-profile supporters include David Beckham, Martin Bell OBE, Orlando Bloom, Charley Boorman, Sir Alex Ferguson, Ralph Fiennes, Ryan Giggs, Ewan McGregor, Jemima Khan, Sir Roger Moore, James Nesbitt, Vanessa Redgrave,","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"14712700","text":"UNICEF Indonesia Goodwill Ambassador include Ferry Salim. He has been an ambassador since 2004. Where does UNICEF add its value? 1. By being a centre of knowledge and expertise to empower government to be effective in supporting services for children and women. 2. By targeting resources to reach the most vulnerable 3. By empowering children and young people themselves 4. By being at the forefront of emergency response UNICEF Indonesia UNICEF Indonesia is one of over 190 national offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund. As one of the first UNICEF offices established in Asia, UNICEF Indonesia has been on","title":"UNICEF Indonesia"},{"psg_id":"18655292","text":"a comprehensive human rights treaty which enshrines specific children’s rights in international law. These rights define universal principles and standards for the status and treatment of children worldwide. The Convention spells out a specific role for UNICEF, in its capacity as the UN body responsible for the rights of children. UNICEF is required to promote the effective implementation of the Convention and to encourage international cooperation for the benefit of children. UNICEF is also entitled to be represented when each country’s implementation of the Convention is considered by the Committee every five years. UNICEF Pakistan UNICEF Pakistan is one of","title":"UNICEF Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"12751759","text":"the Child and works to hold the international community responsible for their promises to children. UNICEF is not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF UK raises funds for these programmes through donations, the sale of cards and gifts, partnerships with companies and special events. UNICEF UK is a registered charity. UNICEF UK has a long history of support from its Ambassadors and high-profile supporters, who play a vital role in promoting UNICEF, advocating and fundraising on its behalf. Ambassadors help the organisation reach a wider audience, enabling it","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"12751764","text":"encourage international cooperation for the benefit of children. UNICEF is also entitled to be represented when each country’s implementation of the Convention is considered by the Committee every five years. When an emergency strikes, UNICEF staff in the area react rapidly and the first aid usually arrives within 48 hours. Emergency specialists assess the immediate need, focusing on women and children. With permanent offices in the field, UNICEF is well placed to coordinate relief by road and air. Following emergency relief efforts, UNICEF works to promote long-term rehabilitation and improve conditions for children. In the UK, UNICEF seeks to improve","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"12556712","text":"for the Tap Project and the Trick or Treats for UNICEF Campaign. In 2013, they agreed a contract with Greek association football champions Olympiacos F.C. who will show the organization's logo on the front of their shirts. Started in 2015, Kid Power is a division of UNICEF that was created as an effort to involve kids in helping other kids in need. UNICEF Kid Power developed the world’s first Wearable for Good, called Kid Power Bands, which is a kids’ fitness tracker bracelet that connects to a smartphone app. The app lets users complete missions, which counts total steps and","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"17488284","text":"Malaysia ratified the CRC in 1995 and the First and Second Optional Protocols in 2012. UNICEF Malaysia UNICEF Malaysia is one of over 190 national offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund. Since its establishment in 1954, UNICEF Malaysia has been on the ground to uphold the rights of children in Malaysia, including their right to an education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children, and works with partner organizations from the public, charity and private sectors, to effect change. It is a Malaysian affliate of the UNICEF. UNICEF Malaysia","title":"UNICEF Malaysia"},{"psg_id":"17488279","text":"UNICEF Malaysia UNICEF Malaysia is one of over 190 national offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund. Since its establishment in 1954, UNICEF Malaysia has been on the ground to uphold the rights of children in Malaysia, including their right to an education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children, and works with partner organizations from the public, charity and private sectors, to effect change. It is a Malaysian affliate of the UNICEF. UNICEF Malaysia is one of over 190 country offices and national committees of the United Nations Children's","title":"UNICEF Malaysia"},{"psg_id":"14712695","text":"UNICEF Indonesia UNICEF Indonesia is one of over 190 national offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund. As one of the first UNICEF offices established in Asia, UNICEF Indonesia has been on the ground since 1948 to uphold the rights of children in the vast archipelago, including their right to an education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children, and works with partner organizations from the public, charity and private sectors, to effect change. UNICEF was created in 1946 to provide food, clothing and health care to children in Europe","title":"UNICEF Indonesia"},{"psg_id":"14316201","text":"UNICEF Philippines UNICEF Philippines is one of over 190 country offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). One of the first UNICEF offices established in Asia, it works to uphold the rights of children in the Philippines, including their right to education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children, and works with partners from the public and private sectors to create change through sustainable programs. UNICEF was created in 1946 to provide food, clothing and healthcare to children in Europe after the Second World War. In 1953, the UN","title":"UNICEF Philippines"},{"psg_id":"12751761","text":"Tom Hiddleston and Robbie Williams. UNICEF is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and the support from corporate partners makes a significant contribution to its work. Companies that currently have a corporate partnership with UNICEF UK include Barclays, easyJet, Marks & Spencer, IKEA, Manchester United, EE, Pampers and Vodafone. UNICEF was the first charity to produce and sell cards for the purpose of raising funds. The very first UNICEF card was a Christmas card created in 1949. The card was a reproduction of a painting, sent as a thank you to UNICEF in 1947, by seven-year-old Jitka Samkova. Jitka’s village in","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"12556725","text":"were and remain preventable\" and that the coverage levels for these interventions are \"appallingly low in the 42 countries that account for 90% of child deaths\". Documents released by Edward Snowden in December 2013 showed that UNICEF was among the surveillance targets of British and American intelligence agencies. UNICEF The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund was created by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. The Polish physician Ludwik Rajchman is widely regarded as the founder of UNICEF and","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556723","text":"large-scale, permanent orphanages for children, preferring instead to find children places in their (extended) families and communities, wherever possible. This has led UNICEF to be skeptical of international adoption efforts as a solution to child care problems in developing countries; UNICEF has preferred to see children cared for in their birth countries rather than be adopted by foreign parents. Major news outlets such as US News have asserted UNICEF's intervention that on giving large cash payments to developing countries can lead to a cessation of international adoptions until all of its recommendations are in place, and have even labeled UNICEF","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556719","text":"back with the community. Issues polled include among others health, education, water, sanitation and hygiene, youth unemployment, HIV/ AIDS, disease outbreaks; social welfare sectors. The initiative is currently operational in 41 countries and covers more than 3 million people. UNICEF Ambassadors are leaders in the entertainment industry, representing the fields of film, television, music, sports and beyond. They help raise awareness of the needs of children, and use their talent and fame to fund-raise, advocate, and educate on behalf of UNICEF. The old UNICEF World Warehouse is a large facility in Denmark, which hosts UNICEF deliverable goods as well as","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12397048","text":"the status and treatment of children worldwide. The Convention spells out a specific role for UNICEF, in its capacity as the UN body responsible for the rights of children. UNICEF is required to promote the effective implementation of the Convention and to encourage international cooperation for the benefit of children. UNICEF is also entitled to be represented when each country’s implementation of the Convention is considered by the Committee every five years. In Ireland, UNICEF works to promote the rights of all children living in Ireland, regardless of race, religion or nationality and is a member of the Children's Rights","title":"UNICEF Ireland"},{"psg_id":"9420349","text":"post-punk leanings that alternate between minimalism and a love of quirky embellishment, odd sounds, and unexpected twists; \"Stands for Decibels\" is clearly a collegiate pop experiment, but rarely is experimentation so enjoyable and irresistibly catchy\", concluding that the album \"stands not only as a landmark power pop album, but also as a prototype for much of the Southern jangle that would follow. Stands for Decibels Stands for Decibels is the debut studio album by American power pop band the dB's, released in January 1981 by Albion Records. The album was commercially unsuccessful but critically acclaimed. \"Stands for Decibels\" was ranked","title":"Stands for Decibels"},{"psg_id":"12556722","text":"the focus of IRC's research on knowledge gaps, emerging questions and sensitive issues which are relevant to the realization of children's rights, in developing and industrialized countries. It capitalizes on IRC's role as an interface between UNICEF field experience, international experts, research networks and policy makers and is designed to strengthen the centre's institutional collaboration with regional academic and policy institutions, pursuing the following goals: Three interrelated strategies guide the achievement of these goals: UNICEF has a policy preferring orphanages only be used as temporary accommodation for children when there is no alternative. UNICEF has historically opposed the creation of","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"18655291","text":"UNICEF Pakistan UNICEF Pakistan is one of country offices of UNICEF. It works for the rights of children in Pakistan, including their right to education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children especially those hardest to reach and most at risk. UNICEF Pakistan works with the Ministry of Social Welfare and Special Education, Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Provincial Social Welfare Departments, NGOs, and other UN agencies to protect children from abuse, exploitation, violence, and discrimination. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is","title":"UNICEF Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"17776221","text":"not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF Canada organized the first Trick or Treat Campaign in 1955, and continues to raise funds annually on Halloween (October 31), recognized for this long standing brand work now as National UNICEF Day. UNICEF Canada raises funds primarily through donations, the sale of cards and gifts, partnerships with companies, emergency relief efforts and special events. UNICEF Canada is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and the support from government partners and corporate and community partners makes a significant contribution to its work. Some","title":"UNICEF Canada"},{"psg_id":"12556713","text":"awards points. The points then unlock funding from partners, which is then used by UNICEF to deliver lifesaving packets of therapeutic food to severely malnourished children around the world. Since 1950, when a group of children in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, donated $17 which they received on Halloween to help post-World War II victims, the Trick-or-Treat UNICEF box has become a tradition in North America during the fall. These small orange boxes are handed to children at schools and other locations before 31 October. , the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign has collected approximately CAD 91 million in Canada and over US$167 million","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"20040053","text":"gotten involved as a UNICEF Ambassador as well as a Kid Power National Spokeswoman. UNICEF Kid Power UNICEF Kid Power is a philanthropic initiative that was launched in 2015 as a division of the US Fund for UNICEF. It marks UNICEF’s first foray into the hardware space. UNICEF Kid Power, with the help of California-based technology firm Calorie Cloud and design studio Ammunition, developed the world’s first \"Wearable for Good\" activity tracker called Kid Power Bands. These bands act as a kids’ fitness tracker bracelet that connects to a smartphone app. The app lets users complete missions, which counts total","title":"UNICEF Kid Power"},{"psg_id":"17488283","text":"involvement of children in military conflicts, and the Second Optional Protocol prohibits the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. A third optional protocol relating to communication of complaints was adopted in December 2011. The CRC spells out a specific role for UNICEF, in its capacity as the UN body responsible for the rights of children. UNICEF is required to promote the effective implementation of the CRC and to encourage international co-operation for the benefit of children. UNICEF is also entitled to be represented when each country’s implementation of the CRC is considered by the Committee every five years.","title":"UNICEF Malaysia"},{"psg_id":"9420347","text":"Stands for Decibels Stands for Decibels is the debut studio album by American power pop band the dB's, released in January 1981 by Albion Records. The album was commercially unsuccessful but critically acclaimed. \"Stands for Decibels\" was ranked No. 76 on \"Pitchfork\"'s list of \"Top 100 Albums of the 1980s\". At the time of its release, the dB's consisted of singer/guitarists Chris Stamey and Peter Holsapple, bassist Gene Holder, and drummer Will Rigby. The songwriting was evenly divided between Stamey and Holsapple, although Stamey became known for writing the stranger, more avant-garde numbers (\"She's Not Worried\", \"Espionage\") while Holsapple wrote","title":"Stands for Decibels"},{"psg_id":"20040051","text":"used by UNICEF to deliver packets of therapeutic food to severely malnourished children around the world. Rajesh Anandan, SVP of Strategic Partnerships and UNICEF Ventures, stated that UNICEF Kid Power and its Kid Power Band product is essentially a digital extension of UNICEF’s Trick-or-Treat program, which had been started in 1950. UNICEF Kid Power has a number of partnerships and collaborations. On May 22, 2016, UNICEF Kid Power teamed up with Star Wars to create an exclusive Star Wars style Kid Power Band. The National Basketball Association has also collaborated with UNICEF Kid Power via the Sacramento Kings. The collaboration","title":"UNICEF Kid Power"},{"psg_id":"9428951","text":"he was appointed National Executive Director of UNICEF Canada. From 1979 to 1983, he was an author and editor for UNICEF Communique. He is the author of the book \"Canada and the Nobel Prize: Biographies, Portraits and Fascinating Facts\" (Pembroke Publishers, 2002, ) In 2002, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. Harry Black (UNICEF) Harry Samuel Black, (born July 30, 1934) is a Canadian humanitarian. He was the Executive Director of UNICEF Canada for 26 years. Born in Toronto, Ontario, he graduated from Ryerson Polytechnical Institute in Architectural Science in 1957 and McMaster University in 1966.","title":"Harry Black (UNICEF)"},{"psg_id":"20040050","text":"UNICEF Kid Power UNICEF Kid Power is a philanthropic initiative that was launched in 2015 as a division of the US Fund for UNICEF. It marks UNICEF’s first foray into the hardware space. UNICEF Kid Power, with the help of California-based technology firm Calorie Cloud and design studio Ammunition, developed the world’s first \"Wearable for Good\" activity tracker called Kid Power Bands. These bands act as a kids’ fitness tracker bracelet that connects to a smartphone app. The app lets users complete missions, which counts total steps and awards points. The points then unlock funding from partners, which is then","title":"UNICEF Kid Power"},{"psg_id":"17776220","text":"In Canada, UNICEF works to promote the rights of all children living in Canada, regardless of race, religion or nationality and is a member of the Children's Rights Alliance. It advocates children’s rights around the world, child-sensitive governance, children’s rights and well-being, children in fragile and conflict states and other youth engagement programs. UNICEF Canada is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario and maintains regional offices in Montreal, Calgary and Vancouver. David Morley is the CEO of the UNICEF Canada. Current members of the National Board of Directors of the Executive Leadership are Linton Carter, Rowena Pinto and Dave Spedding. UNICEF is","title":"UNICEF Canada"},{"psg_id":"14316208","text":"to a natural disaster or humanitarian emergency upon the request of the Philippine government. UNICEF's emergency response programs provide support to the government-led response in the areas of child protection, education, health, nutrition, and WASH. Recently, UNICEF has provided assistance to those affected by the Marawi crisis, Typhoon Nock-Ten, Typhoon Haima, Typhoon Melor, Typhoon Koppu, Typhoon Hagupit, Typhoon Haiyan and the Zamboanga City crisis. UNICEF Philippines has appointed three high-profile supporters: Gary Valenciano, Daphne Oseña-Paez and Anne Curtis. In 1998, UNICEF conferred on musician Gary Valenciano the title of UNICEF National Ambassador, the first in the Philippines. As National Ambassador,","title":"UNICEF Philippines"},{"psg_id":"12751766","text":"graduate. UNICEF also supplies educational materials, mobilises teachers, registers children, prepares school facilities and develops curricula in countries affected by conflict and other emergencies. In terms of child survival, UNICEF is seeking to completely eradicate polio, to increase the percentage of children protected against malaria by mosquito nets, to protect children in the early years of life by promoting exclusive breastfeeding and to reduce the risk of children dying from diarrhoeal diseases by improving access to water and sanitation facilities. In 2005, UNICEF launched a five-year global campaign, Unite for Children, Unite against AIDS, to raise awareness about how HIV","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"12751762","text":"Czechoslovakia had received UNICEF emergency assistance after the Second World War. Since 1949, UNICEF has continued to sell cards and gifts in order to raise money for children living in poverty around the world. In 2004 UNICEF UK expanded its range of cards and gifts to include a selection of ‘Inspired Gifts’. These offer an opportunity to give a present which makes a real difference to the lives of children. The choice of Inspired Gifts is wide; however the selection changes periodically, depending on where the need is greatest. A typical range could vary from a cold-box vaccine carrier which","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"12751758","text":"with local communities, organisations and governments to make a lasting difference to children’s lives. The organisation's global reach allows it to share knowledge across borders, while its local presence – over 85 per cent of UNICEF staff work in developing countries - means it can deliver assistance where it is needed most. With its worldwide presence, UNICEF can respond rapidly wherever disaster strikes, delivering life-saving help for children. UNICEF believes that every child should have clean water, food, health care, education, and a safe environment in which to grow up. The organisation upholds the UN Convention on the Rights of","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"12397047","text":"are Munster and Ireland rugby player Donncha O'Callaghan, Rory McIlroy, Stephen Rea, Cathy Kelly, Gaelic sports stars Joe Canning and Dermot Earley, Dustin the Turkey and Liam Neeson. UNICEF Ireland’s first “Believe in Zero” campaign took place from 24 October-6 November 2010. During these two weeks, UNICEF Ireland's goal was to raise over €1,000,000 simply by getting every adult in Ireland to donate €1 each to UNICEF. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a comprehensive human rights treaty which enshrines specific children’s rights in international law. These rights define universal principles and standards for","title":"UNICEF Ireland"},{"psg_id":"20040052","text":"involves the Kings, UNICEF, & City of Sacramento ‘Kid Power’ Pilot Program, in which all 3 organizations teamed up to leverage the power of technology in an effort to educate and highlight student fitness in the wider Sacramento area. UNICEF Kid Power has also collaborated in the classroom, with TEACH UNICEF and Scholastic. UNICEF Kid Power has also teamed up with a number of athletes ranging from Gymnastics, soccer, basketball, baseball and much more. These athletes participated as Kid Power Champions, as part of UNICEF Kid Power’s Global Mission program: Outside of athletics, Grammy award winning artist Pink has also","title":"UNICEF Kid Power"},{"psg_id":"12556721","text":"vitamin supplements, and the \"School in a box\" (illustrated above). The UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre in Florence, Italy, was established in 1988. The centre, formally known as the International Child Development Centres, has as its prime objectives to improve international understanding of issues relating to children's rights, to promote economic policies that advance the cause of children, and to help facilitate the full implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in industrialized and developing countries. The program for 2006–2008 was approved by UNICEF Executive Board in September 2005. It reaffirms the centre's academic freedom and","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556714","text":"in the U.S. In 1994, UNICEF held a summit encouraging animation studios around the world to create individual animated spots demonstrating the international rights of children. Cartoons for Children's Rights is the collection of animated shorts based on UNICEF’s Convention on the Rights of the Child. To raise money to support its Education and Literacy Programs, UNICEF collaborates with companies worldwide – international as well as small- and medium-sized businesses. Since 2004, the organization has been supported by Montblanc, working collaboratively to help the world's children getting better access to education. According to \"Vaccine News Daily\", Merck & Co. partnered","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556709","text":"organization £1.58 million per year and free advertising. In January 2007 UNICEF struck a partnership with Canada's national tent pegging team. The team was officially re-flagged as \"UNICEF Team Canada\", and its riders wear UNICEF's logo in competition, and team members promote and raise funds for UNICEF's campaign against childhood HIV-AIDS. When the team became the 2008 tent pegging world champions, UNICEF's flag was raised alongside the Canadian flag at the games, the first time in the history of international Grand Prix equestrian competition that a non-state flag has flown over the medal podium. The Swedish club Hammarby IF followed","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556708","text":"club would donate €1.5 million per year to the organization for five years. As part of the agreement, FC Barcelona would wear the UNICEF logo on the front of their uniforms in the colour yellow (as seen in the picture on the right of Lionel Messi). This was the first time a football club sponsored an organization rather than the other way around. It was also the first time in FC Barcelona's history that they have had another organization's name across the front of their uniform. In 2016, the team signed a new four-year sponsorship deal with UNICEF guaranteeing the","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"12556704","text":"on an annual basis. As a matter of custom, permanent members of the Security Council do not serve as officers of the Executive Board. Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board supports and services the Executive Board. It is responsible for maintaining an effective relationship between the Executive Board and the UNICEF secretariat, and helps to organize the field visits of the Executive Board. There are national committees in 38 [industrialized] countries, each established as an independent local non-governmental organization. The national committees raise funds from the public sector. UNICEF is funded entirely by voluntary contributions, and the National","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"13133789","text":"of Gold by The Advertising Club of New York’s International ANDY Awards, for Public Service and with Silver for Integrated Branding.(Gold / 2008 Richard T. O. Reilly) for Public Service Also, in the same year Jay Aldous, who is the former Chief Marketing and Communications Officer for the U.S. Fund for UNICEF, was co-recipient of the inaugural Non-profit Marketer of the Year award from the American Marketing Association and the American Marketing Association Foundation. UNICEF Tap Project The UNICEF Tap Project was a nationwide campaign that provides children in impoverished nations with access to safe, clean water. The campaign culminated","title":"UNICEF Tap Project"},{"psg_id":"14028087","text":"the West Bank to draw attention to the impact of ongoing conflict on children and their families. Mia spent a day in Sderot and met with children who told her about their experiences living under the constant threat of attack. Mia also visited a psychological treatment center that received UNICEF support to treat Sderot children traumatized by the violence they experience in their daily lives. During the rest of her trip in Israel, Mia toured Yad Vashem and the Shanti House- A Warm Home for Youth At-Risk in Tel Aviv. Throughout her time in Israel, Mia was accompanied by Israeli","title":"Israeli Fund for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"13133779","text":"UNICEF Tap Project The UNICEF Tap Project was a nationwide campaign that provides children in impoverished nations with access to safe, clean water. The campaign culminated during World Water Week, celebrating the United Nations’ World Water Day, March 22. This campaign involved restaurants, dining patrons, students, and volunteers along with corporate, community, celebrity, and government supporters. During World Water Week restaurants across the United States encouraged patrons to donate $1 or more for the tap water they usually enjoy for free. In tandem, UNICEF Tap Project volunteers support their efforts by conducting local fundraising events and activities. Today, nearly 990","title":"UNICEF Tap Project"},{"psg_id":"17776218","text":"as Sharon, Lois and Bram, Solange Tuyishime, Bayan Yammout, Karina LeBlanc, Veronica Tennant, Jan Lisiecki, Zahra Al-Harazi, Mariatu Kamara, John Nsabimana, Elizabeth Dallaire and Marci Ien. UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors help the organization reach a wider audience, enabling it to highlight work undertaken to improve the lives of the most vulnerable children around the world. They help raise awareness of the needs of children, and use their talent and fame to fundraise, advocate, and educate on behalf of UNICEF. UNICEF Canada meets the guidelines and high standards of the Imagine Canada Standards Program. Out of every dollar, 70 per cent goes","title":"UNICEF Canada"},{"psg_id":"12397049","text":"Alliance. Change the Future Report Series In 2011, UNICEF Ireland is publishing a series of four reports that present the findings of primary research carried out among Irish teenagers in late 2010. The series of reports entitled “Change the Future” will be released periodically by UNICEF Ireland in 2011 and will come together to paint a holistic picture on teenage well-being in Ireland, in the words of young people themselves. The First Report focuses on ‘happiness’ and explores general themes around teenage well-being throughout the country. UNICEF is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and the support from corporate partners makes","title":"UNICEF Ireland"},{"psg_id":"15645387","text":"/ František Čermák defeated Robert Lindstedt / Horia Tecău, 6–3, 2–6, [10–8] Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová / Klára Zakopalová defeated Dominika Cibulková / Flavia Pennetta, 1–6, 6–4, [10–7] The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following qualified for the main draw: The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: 2011 UNICEF Open The 2011 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 22nd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2011 ATP World Tour, and of","title":"2011 UNICEF Open"},{"psg_id":"16577590","text":"said that it was about the government and religion. Taylor explained further; \"we wrote about how people follow shit and don't really think about what they're following\". Critical reception to \"The North Stands for Nothing\" was generally positive. Several reviewers noted on the balance that While She Sleeps have between melody and the heavier elements of their sound. \"Metal Hammer\" reviewer Terry Bezer, specifically complimented the track \"Hearts Aside Our Horses\" – enthusing that it is \"a lesson in how to be both progressive and hook laden at once.\" Adam Kennedy of \"Kerrang!\" complimented the band for putting \"their own","title":"The North Stands for Nothing"},{"psg_id":"14712697","text":"policies and more effective public social spending that will reach millions of children and reduce disparities. UNICEF Indonesia also helps to build capacity for government institutions to offer basic health, education, child protection services thereby increasing access for individuals and families. UNICEF Indonesia main areas of work will cover: Policy Advocacy and Partnerships for Children which focuses on social policy, budgeting, social protection, evidence-based advocacy, knowledge management, communications for development, media relations and private sector fundraising and partnerships. Child Survival and Development which provides strategic support and technical assistance to improve policies, access to and uptake of services through the","title":"UNICEF Indonesia"},{"psg_id":"12751763","text":"helps to ensure that vaccines for children reach their destination in perfect condition, to a midwife kit which helps to safely deliver over 50 babies. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a comprehensive human rights treaty which enshrines specific children’s rights in international law. These rights define universal principles and standards for the status and treatment of children worldwide. The Convention spells out a specific role for UNICEF, in its capacity as the UN body responsible for the rights of children. UNICEF is required to promote the effective implementation of the Convention and to","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"12397050","text":"a significant contribution to its work. Companies that currently have a corporate partnership with UNICEF Ireland include Aer Lingus, Fyffes, IKEA, Topaz Energy and Pampers. In 2009, Tesco used “Change for Good” as advertising, which is trade marked by UNICEF internationally for charity usage but is not trademarked for commercial or retail use which prompted the agency to say \"it is the first time in UNICEF’s history that a commercial entity has purposely set out to capitalise on one of our campaigns and subsequently damage an income stream which several of our programmes for children are dependent on”.They went on","title":"UNICEF Ireland"},{"psg_id":"12556699","text":"UNICEF The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund was created by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. The Polish physician Ludwik Rajchman is widely regarded as the founder of UNICEF and served as its first chairman from 1946. On Rajchman's suggestion, the American Maurice Pate was appointed its first executive director, serving from 1947 until his death in 1965. In 1950, UNICEF's mandate was extended to address the long-term needs of children and women in developing countries everywhere. In","title":"UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"17776219","text":"toward helping children, 23 per cent is spent on fundraising costs, and 7 per cent on administration. In 2017 alone, UNICEF Canada helped respond to 337 humanitarian emergencies in 102 countries. UNICEF also improved sanitation for 22 million people, provided over 15.6 million children with micronutrient powder to prevent anemia and vitamin deficiencies and provided education to 8.8 million children. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a comprehensive human rights treaty which enshrines specific children’s rights in international law. These rights define universal principles and standards for the status and treatment of children worldwide.","title":"UNICEF Canada"},{"psg_id":"14316204","text":"adaptation plans and programs. UNICEF works to achieve quality and inclusive education for all children in the Philippines. UNICEF supports the Philippine Government’s thrust to expand access to quality Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD), which includes universal Kindergarten. UNICEF's education program aims to provide an equitable platform for learning to ensure that young children are ready to learn and enter school at the right age, and that marginalized and excluded children participate in and complete quality elementary education. UNICEF's health program supports the Philippine Government’s Universal Health Care Agenda and poverty reduction initiatives to serve the poorest families and","title":"UNICEF Philippines"},{"psg_id":"12751765","text":"baby health and nutrition through its Baby Friendly Initiative in UK health care centres. It also champions child-centred education based on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child through its Rights Respecting Schools Award initiative. UNICEF UK is a member of The National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS). UNICEF’s other priorities include education for all, child survival, HIV and AIDS and child protection. On education, UNICEF is committed to giving girls and boys equal learning opportunities. It works to remove barriers that keep girls from attending school and to ensure that, once enrolled, they go on to","title":"UNICEF UK"},{"psg_id":"16577588","text":"like to keep their music simple and have \"more a party vibe.\" Vocalist Taylor added that their sound is \"less pure solo and just more energy.\" Dom Wyatt of \"Dead Press!\" suggested that the band stick to the mould of a metalcore band with the adage \"don’t fix what isn’t broken.\" In an interview in 2011, vocalist Taylor stated that the title – \"The North Stands for Nothing\" – has two meanings and that it is open to interpretation. Explaining that being from the North of England; the people that the band know \"won't take crap\" while also stating that","title":"The North Stands for Nothing"},{"psg_id":"14316203","text":"child exploitation and abuse. In the Philippines, UNICEF has lobbied successfully for the passage of several major laws to protect children’s rights, including the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act and the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009. UNICEF's disaster risk reduction (DRR) program aims to establish models of child-centered disaster risk management for eventual replication by local government units (LGU), as a basis for integrating DRR in their local development plans. Aside from bridging the gap between community-based activities and public policy, UNICEF also facilitates the partnership of non-government organizations with LGUs to adopt child-sensitive and child-centered DRR and climate change","title":"UNICEF Philippines"},{"psg_id":"12341009","text":"since raised more than US$170 million to support UNICEF's work. The U.S. Fund also sponsors the UNICEF Tap Project, which provides children around the world with access to safe, clean water. Current members of the National Board of Directors are Andrew D. Beer, Robert T. Brown, Daniel J. Brutto, Nelson Chai, Gary M. Cohen, Mary Callahan Erdoes, Pamela Fiori, Dolores Rice Gahan, Sarah Godlewski, Mindy Grossman, Hilary Gumbel, Vincent John Hemmer, John A. Herrmann Jr., Franklin Hobbs, Peter Lamm (Chair), Barrie Landry, Téa Leoni, Bob Manoukian, Dikembe Mutombo, Anthony Pantaleoni, Henry Schleiff, Caryl M. Stern, Bernard Taylor, and Sherrie Rollins","title":"U.S. Fund for UNICEF"},{"psg_id":"17488280","text":"Fund. Guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, UNICEF has a universal mandate to promote and protect the rights of all children, everywhere – especially those hardest to reach and most at risk. UNICEF has been working with the Government of Malaysia since 1954 by supporting programmes in health, nutrition, water and sanitation, formal and non-formal education as well as services for deprived children in poor urban areas. UNICEF's work in Malaysia has since evolved with the nation’s development and progress into an upper-middle income country. In addition to helping provide children the best start in life","title":"UNICEF Malaysia"},{"psg_id":"14316206","text":"access among pregnant and lactating women and children under 5 years old to interventions that prevent under-nutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies; treatment of acute malnutrition; sustaining positive nutrition behavior in vulnerable local government units; and supports the government in promoting breastfeeding and Infant and Young Child Feeding practices. UNICEF is supporting the Philippine government's HIV response by gathering data and strategic information, advocating for laws that are responsive to the needs of children and young people, providing life skills and leadership training to adolescents, and helping the government, NGOs and youth networks improve service delivery to respond to the crisis. UNICEF","title":"UNICEF Philippines"},{"psg_id":"14316202","text":"General Assembly extended UNICEF’s mandate. and in 1989 it adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which has since become the most widely adopted human rights treaty in history. The CRC now underpins UNICEF’s work around the world, including in the Philippines, and defines children’s rights. UNICEF works to provide a safe and protective environment for vulnerable children, including victims of abuse, exploitation and violence. UNICEF develops and strengthens child protection networks at the community, local and national levels. The organization also supports the establishment of Child Protection Units and specialized courts to help victims of","title":"UNICEF Philippines"},{"psg_id":"12397051","text":"to call on the public “who have children’s welfare at heart, to consider carefully who they support when making consumer choices”. In July 2011, former UNICEF Ireland executive director Melanie Verwoerd said she was “deeply shocked” to have been sacked from the charity because of the publicity surrounding her relationship with Gerry Ryan. Three top Hollywood stars Liam Neeson, Vanessa Redgrave and Roger Moore expressed their sadness over the dismissal. However, all three Goodwill Ambassadors are continuing to support UNICEF. Peter Power, a former Fianna Fáil minister for Overseas Development, was appointed Executive Director in December 2011.<ref>RTE News: Former FF","title":"UNICEF Ireland"},{"psg_id":"16504963","text":"draw: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: The following pair received entry as alternates: The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: 2012 UNICEF Open The 2012 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 23rd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2012 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the","title":"2012 UNICEF Open"},{"psg_id":"16504962","text":"2012 UNICEF Open The 2012 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 23rd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2012 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, near 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, from 17 June until 23 June 2012. David Ferrer and Nadia Petrova won the singles titles. The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying","title":"2012 UNICEF Open"},{"psg_id":"14637124","text":"/ Horia Tecău defeated Lukáš Dlouhý / Leander Paes 1–6, 7–5, [10–7] Alla Kudryavtseva / Anastasia Rodionova defeated Vania King / Yaroslava Shvedova 3–6, 6–3, [10–6] The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following player received the lucky loser spot: The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: 2010 UNICEF Open The 2010 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 21st edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the","title":"2010 UNICEF Open"},{"psg_id":"13133780","text":"million people worldwide are without access to safe and clean drinking water. Meanwhile, every day 4,100 children die from water related diseases. The UNICEF Tap Project helps support UNICEF’s work towards the Millennium Development Goals – – which is to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. The project was retired by UNICEF USA in March 2016. The UNICEF Tap Project was created in 2007 by a New York City based advertising/communications agency called Droga5 and launched on March 22, 2007 – World Water Day. The concept was to","title":"UNICEF Tap Project"},{"psg_id":"15645386","text":"2011 UNICEF Open The 2011 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 22nd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2011 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2011 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, near 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, from 12 June until 18 June 2011. Dmitry Tursunov and Roberta Vinci won the singles title. Dmitry Tursunov defeated Ivan Dodig, 6–3, 6–2 Roberta Vinci defeated Jelena Dokić, 6–7, 6–3, 7–5 Daniele Bracciali","title":"2011 UNICEF Open"},{"psg_id":"14637123","text":"2010 UNICEF Open The 2010 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 21st edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2010 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2010 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, near 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, from 13 June through 19 June 2010. Sergiy Stakhovsky and Justine Henin won the singles titles. Sergiy Stakhovsky defeated Janko Tipsarević 6–3, 6–0 Justine Henin defeated Andrea Petkovic, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 Robert Lindstedt","title":"2010 UNICEF Open"},{"psg_id":"16577592","text":"generally favorable review for \"The New Review\", Jen Rochester said that the CD \"is over before you know it,\" while concluding that \"it’s definitely an effort worth checking out.\" Similarly, Dom Wyatt of \"Dead Press!\" said that \"The North Stands for Nothing\" is very similar to \"Hollow Crown\" by Architects but that it is a \"cracking debut\" that While She Sleeps should be proud of. All songs written and composed by While She Sleeps. The North Stands for Nothing The North Stands for Nothing is the debut EP by British metalcore band While She Sleeps. The band recorded the album","title":"The North Stands for Nothing"},{"psg_id":"13133787","text":"participating in this project were Selena Gomez, Taylor Swift, Robin Williams, Dwight Howard, Rihanna and Adrian Grenier. Aside from providing water from their own home, celebrities that participated in this project volunteered their time for commercials and advertising campaigns to promote the UNICEF Tap Project. In 2014, UNICEF launched a new campaign challenging users to go without something far less vital than clean water—their cell phones. By going to the Tap Project website on their smartphones, users were challenged to not touch their phone for as long as they could. For every 15 minutes they went, UNICEF's sponsors donated the","title":"UNICEF Tap Project"},{"psg_id":"13133781","text":"encourage patrons to donate $1 or more for the tap water they usually enjoy for free. The funds would go towards providing impoverished children with clean drinking water; with $1, UNICEF can provide a child with access to clean, safe water for 40 days. That first year the campaign was only on World Water Day, since then it has centered on World Water Week. The first Tap Project that took place in New York City had the support of thousands of patrons at over three hundred restaurants, which helped to raise about $100,000 in funds. Since 2007, the UNICEF Tap","title":"UNICEF Tap Project"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12341011\",\n \"text\": \"worldwide fundraising activity that continues to provide a significant source of revenue to UNICEF. The U.S. Fund makes UNICEF greeting cards and gifts available in the United States through the UNICEF Market website. The U.S. Fund also supports UNICEF with UNICEF Inspired Gifts. Through this program, individuals can purchase lifesaving supplies for children such as therapeutic milk or anti-malarial mosquito nets and have them shipped to one of the over 150 countries and territories in which UNICEF works. The U.S. Fund for UNICEF has a long history of support from its celebrity ambassadors and high-profile supporters who play a significant\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. Fund for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14028085\",\n \"text\": \"she served as the Board’s Chairperson from 1963 to 1965, during which time, as Chair, she actually accepted the Nobel Prize in Oslo on behalf of UNICEF. Back in Israel, she was elected the first Chair of the Israeli Fund for UNICEF. The Israeli Fund opened its new Tel Aviv office in 2009 and is one of the 36 UNICEF National Committees that support UNICEF worldwide through resource mobilization, advocacy, and education. As one of the newest members of the international UNICEF community, the Israeli Fund aims to promote children's rights within Israel and to make Israelis an active part\",\n \"title\": \"Israeli Fund for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12571462\",\n \"text\": \"traditional door-to-door trick-or-treating. Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF has also partnered with Coinstar to allow customers to submit their donations through Coinstar machines. The program has also expanded outside of the United States. UNICEF in Canada began Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF in 1955. The campaign was rebranded after the Government of Canada declared October 31 of each year \\\"National UNICEF Day\\\" in 2000. In 2006, UNICEF Canada discontinued the collection box part of their program, focusing instead on in-classroom fundraising and community engagement. In 2015, UNICEF Canada celebrated 60 years of the National UNICEF Day program having raised more than . Trick-or-Treat for\",\n \"title\": \"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12341010\",\n \"text\": \"Westin. The U.S. Fund for UNICEF is headquartered in Manhattan in New York City and maintains regional offices in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. The U.S. Fund for UNICEF meets Charity Navigator's highest financial standards for charities. Out of every dollar spent, 90 cents goes toward helping children. 7 cents is spent on fundraising costs, and 3 cents on administration. The first UNICEF greeting card was created in 1949, the design featuring a \\\"thank you picture\\\" by a seven-year-old girl whose village in Czechoslovakia received emergency assistance from UNICEF. The card launched a\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. Fund for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12571458\",\n \"text\": \"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF is a fund-raising program for children sponsored by the U.S. Fund for UNICEF. Started on Halloween 1950 as a local event in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, the program historically involves the distribution of small orange boxes by schools to trick-or-treaters, in which they can solicit small change donations from the houses they visit. Millions of children in the United States, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, and Hong Kong participate in Halloween-related fund-raising events for Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF, and the program has raised over worldwide. Trick-or-Treat in UNICEF was invented by Mary Emma Allison. In 1949, the\",\n \"title\": \"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12571460\",\n \"text\": \"the United States Committee for UNICEF, later renamed the U.S. Fund for UNICEF, started actively promoting the program. By the 1960s, the concept had expanded throughout the United States, with small orange collection boxes distributed to millions of trick-or-treaters. When UNICEF won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson said in his congratulatory letter: \\\"Your UNICEF Trick or Treat Day has helped turn a holiday too often marred by youthful vandalism into a program of basic training in world citizenship.\\\" In 1967, Johnson declared Halloween, October 31, to be \\\"UNICEF Day\\\" in the United States; by\",\n \"title\": \"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12397046\",\n \"text\": \"and gifts, partnerships with companies and special events. UNICEF Ireland is a registered charity. UNICEF Ireland Ambassadors have the ability to focus the world’s attention on the needs of children, helping them to reach a wider audience, allowing them to further highlight the work they undertake to improve the lives of the most vulnerable children around the world. All of their ambassadors dedicate time and energy to UNICEF Ireland in a variety of ways; visiting field projects throughout the world, speaking to the media about what they have seen, or lobbying and raising money on their behalf. UNICEF Ireland Ambassadors\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7242722\",\n \"text\": \"also opening and closing songs, performed by all participants: Music for UNICEF Concert The Music for UNICEF Concert: A Gift of Song was a benefit concert of popular music held in the United Nations General Assembly in New York City on January 9, 1979. It was intended to raise money for UNICEF world hunger programs and to mark the beginning of the International Year of the Child. The concert was videotaped and broadcast the following day on NBC in the U.S. and around the world. The moderator was David Frost, with Gilda Radner and Henry Winkler also introducing some of\",\n \"title\": \"Music for UNICEF Concert\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7242719\",\n \"text\": \"Music for UNICEF Concert The Music for UNICEF Concert: A Gift of Song was a benefit concert of popular music held in the United Nations General Assembly in New York City on January 9, 1979. It was intended to raise money for UNICEF world hunger programs and to mark the beginning of the International Year of the Child. The concert was videotaped and broadcast the following day on NBC in the U.S. and around the world. The moderator was David Frost, with Gilda Radner and Henry Winkler also introducing some of the performers. Henry Fonda made a short appearance. Each\",\n \"title\": \"Music for UNICEF Concert\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12571461\",\n \"text\": \"1969, 3.5 million American children were trick-or-treating for donations. Children (and adults) in the U.S. have collected more than $175 million for Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF. Donations to Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF support UNICEF's global programing, but in 2005, half of the proceeds were targeted to a domestic cause, aiding victims of Hurricane Katrina. In 2008, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF introduced mobile phone text message donations as well as a MySpace and Facebook page. In 2014, the U.S. Fund for UNICEF partnered with Crowdrise to expand the campaign's online presence, allowing participants to create personal fundraising web pages in addition to\",\n \"title\": \"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556706\",\n \"text\": \"activities of one of the 36 National Committees for UNICEF. These non-governmental organizations (NGO) are primarily responsible for fundraising, selling UNICEF greeting cards and products, creating private and public partnerships, advocating for children's rights, and providing other support. The US Fund for UNICEF is the oldest of the national committees, founded in 1947. On 19 April 2007, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in which role she has visited Brazil (2007), China (2008), and Burundi (2009). In 2009, the British retailer Tesco used \\\"Change for Good\\\" as advertising, which is trademarked by UNICEF\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556711\",\n \"text\": \"season. Race driver Jacques Villeneuve has occasionally placed the UNICEF logo on the #27 Bill Davis Racing pickup truck in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. In Botswana, UNICEF has funded the development of new state-of-the-art HIV/AIDS education for every schoolchild in Botswana from nonprofit organization TeachAIDS. UNICEF announced a landmark partnership with Scottish club Rangers F.C. UNICEF partnered with the Rangers Charity Foundation and pledged to raise £300,000 by 2011. In 2010, UNICEF created a partnership with Phi Iota Alpha, making them the first Greek Lettered Organization UNICEF has ever worked with. In 2011, Phi Iota Alpha raised over $20,000\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12571459\",\n \"text\": \"Allisons were living in Bridesburg, a neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. When Mrs. Allison saw a UNICEF booth collecting funds to send powdered milk to undernourished children around the world, she thought of getting children to collect donations for UNICEF instead of candy. Reverend Clyde Allison introduced the concept to local Presbyterian churches. On Halloween 1950, the Allisons recruited their own children and their community's to go door-to-door collecting nickels and dimes in decorated milk cartons to aid children in post-World War II Europe. They collected a total of $17 and donated all of it to UNICEF. In 1953,\",\n \"title\": \"Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556710\",\n \"text\": \"the Spanish and Canadian lead on 14 April 2007, also raising funds for UNICEF and displaying the UNICEF name on their sportswear. The Danish football club Brøndby IF participated in a similar arrangement from 2008 to 2013. In 2007, Race driver Jacques Villeneuve has occasionally placed the UNICEF logo on the #27 Bill Davis Racing pickup truck in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. Australian A-League club Sydney FC announced they would also enter into a partnership with UNICEF raising funds for children in the Asia-Pacific region, and would also display the UNICEF logo for the remainder of the 2011-12 A-League\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12397052\",\n \"text\": \"minister gets UNICEF role UNICEF Ireland UNICEF Ireland, also known as the Irish National Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries. The National Committees raise funds for the organisation's worldwide emergency and development work. UNICEF Ireland advises the Irish Government and other bodies on policies and legislation which support the above programmes and commitments under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. UNICEF is not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF Ireland raises funds for these programmes through donations,\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7242721\",\n \"text\": \"time, and the performers donated their performance royalties and those from one song each to UNICEF. (The Bee Gees' song \\\"Too Much Heaven\\\", for example, had earned more than seven million dollars for UNICEF as of 2003). However, some artists released the royalties for only a limited time. Most of the songs performed were disco and not specifically about the issue of child poverty. Elton John was scheduled to perform but did not appear. A recording of the concert was released on an LP on Polydor Records several weeks later, with the performances in a different running order. There were\",\n \"title\": \"Music for UNICEF Concert\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7242720\",\n \"text\": \"performer signed a large parchment declaring support for UNICEF's goals. The concert was the idea of impresario Robert Stigwood, the Bee Gees, and David Frost, who originally conceived it as an annual event. Not all of the performances were truly live, with ABBA lip-synching their new song \\\"Chiquitita\\\" and the Bee Gees lip-synching their song \\\"Too Much Heaven\\\". It raised less than one million dollars at the time for UNICEF, although this figure did not include longer-term royalties from the songs and repeat performances. The Music for UNICEF Concert featured some of the biggest names in pop music at the\",\n \"title\": \"Music for UNICEF Concert\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751757\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF UK UNICEF UK, also known as the United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries. The National Committees raise funds for the organisation's worldwide emergency and development work. In 2007, UNICEF UK raised £41.3 million for UNICEF’s work with children worldwide. UNICEF UK also advocates for lasting change for children. For example, it works to change government policies and practices that are detrimental to children’s rights in the UK and internationally. Internationally, UNICEF is the leading children’s organisation, reaching children in more than 150 less-developed countries around the world. It works\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751768\",\n \"text\": \"and UNICEF places a high priority on protecting children from all forms of violence and abuse. For example, in Sierra Leone, UNICEF helped more than 3,600 child soldiers leave army life, while in Burkina Faso, UNICEF’s support helped secure passage of legislation that made female genital mutilation a punishable offence. UNICEF UK UNICEF UK, also known as the United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries. The National Committees raise funds for the organisation's worldwide emergency and development work. In 2007, UNICEF UK raised £41.3 million for UNICEF’s work with children worldwide.\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12397045\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF Ireland UNICEF Ireland, also known as the Irish National Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries. The National Committees raise funds for the organisation's worldwide emergency and development work. UNICEF Ireland advises the Irish Government and other bodies on policies and legislation which support the above programmes and commitments under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. UNICEF is not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF Ireland raises funds for these programmes through donations, the sale of cards\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14028086\",\n \"text\": \"of UNICEF's global efforts to save children's lives. The Israeli Fund's Board of Directors is chaired by Adv. Moriel Matalon and also includes Esther Guluma, Ron Guttmann, Gila Lapidot, Irith Rappaport, and Harriet Mouchly-Weiss. In 2008, the Israeli Fund for UNICEF entered into a partnership with Amdocs, a high-tech company providing customer management and operating systems to some of the world’s biggest telecommunication providers. The partnership provided Amdocs employees with an opportunity to donate to some of UNICEF's projects around the world. In October 2009, Mia Farrow, American actress and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, spent 6 days visiting Israel, Gaza, and\",\n \"title\": \"Israeli Fund for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556715\",\n \"text\": \"with UNICEF in June 2013 to decrease maternal mortality, HIV and tuberculosis prevalence in South Africa. Merck's program \\\"Merck for Mothers\\\" will give US$500 million worldwide for programs that improve health for expectant mothers and their children. In May 2010, Crucell N.V. announced an additional US$110 million award from UNICEF to supply its pentavalent pediatric vaccine Quinvaxem to the developing world. UNICEF works directly with companies to improve their business practices, bringing them in line with obligations under international law, and ensuring that they respect children's rights in the realms of the marketplace, workplace, and the community. In 2012, UNICEF\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14316209\",\n \"text\": \"he helps increase awareness about the issues that affect children in the Philippines and their rights to education, health, protection, participation, and assistance during emergencies. TV host, producer, writer and businesswoman Daphne Oseña-Paez was appointed UNICEF Special Advocate for Children in 2010. Her work for UNICEF focuses on infant and young child feeding, maternal health and maternal mortality, universal primary education, nutrition and child protection. Actress, television host and recording artist Anne Curtis was appointed UNICEF Celebrity Advocate for Children in 2014. Her work for UNICEF focuses on promoting Early Childhood Care & Development. UNICEF Philippines UNICEF Philippines is one\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556705\",\n \"text\": \"Committees collectively raise around one-third of UNICEF's annual income. This comes through contributions from corporations, civil society organizations around six million individual donors worldwide. In the United States, Nepal and some other countries, UNICEF is known for its \\\"Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF\\\" program in which children collect money for UNICEF from the houses they trick-or-treat on Halloween night, sometimes instead of candy. UNICEF is present in 191 countries and territories around the world, but not involved in nine others (Bahamas, Brunei, Cyprus, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Malta, Mauritius, Monaco, and Singapore). Many people in developed countries first hear about UNICEF's work through the\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17776222\",\n \"text\": \"of the companies that currently have a corporate partnership with UNICEF Canada includes IKEA Foundation, Hallmark, H&M, Teck, Intact, International Graphics, Sherritt, Maple Leaf, Loblaw, and Fondation L’Occitane. UNICEF Canada UNICEF Canada, also known as the Canadian National Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialized countries. UNICEF is a child-focused humanitarian organization, working in over 190 countries. It was founded in 1955 by volunteers. UNICEF Canada advises the Canadian Government on policies and legislation which support programs and commitments under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It joined 10 other National\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17776217\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF Canada UNICEF Canada, also known as the Canadian National Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialized countries. UNICEF is a child-focused humanitarian organization, working in over 190 countries. It was founded in 1955 by volunteers. UNICEF Canada advises the Canadian Government on policies and legislation which support programs and commitments under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It joined 10 other National Committees to assist children over 190 countries and territories. UNICEF Canada has a long history of support from its Goodwill Ambassadors and high-profile supporters. They include Ambassadors such\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751760\",\n \"text\": \"to highlight work undertaken to improve the lives of the most vulnerable children around the world. All UNICEF Ambassadors have been appointed because they have already demonstrated a commitment to the organisation’s work. They dedicate time and energy in a variety of ways: visiting projects in the field and emergency situations, speaking to the media about what they have seen, or lobbying and raising money. Current UNICEF UK Ambassadors and high-profile supporters include David Beckham, Martin Bell OBE, Orlando Bloom, Charley Boorman, Sir Alex Ferguson, Ralph Fiennes, Ryan Giggs, Ewan McGregor, Jemima Khan, Sir Roger Moore, James Nesbitt, Vanessa Redgrave,\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14712700\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF Indonesia Goodwill Ambassador include Ferry Salim. He has been an ambassador since 2004. Where does UNICEF add its value? 1. By being a centre of knowledge and expertise to empower government to be effective in supporting services for children and women. 2. By targeting resources to reach the most vulnerable 3. By empowering children and young people themselves 4. By being at the forefront of emergency response UNICEF Indonesia UNICEF Indonesia is one of over 190 national offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund. As one of the first UNICEF offices established in Asia, UNICEF Indonesia has been on\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Indonesia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18655292\",\n \"text\": \"a comprehensive human rights treaty which enshrines specific children’s rights in international law. These rights define universal principles and standards for the status and treatment of children worldwide. The Convention spells out a specific role for UNICEF, in its capacity as the UN body responsible for the rights of children. UNICEF is required to promote the effective implementation of the Convention and to encourage international cooperation for the benefit of children. UNICEF is also entitled to be represented when each country’s implementation of the Convention is considered by the Committee every five years. UNICEF Pakistan UNICEF Pakistan is one of\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751759\",\n \"text\": \"the Child and works to hold the international community responsible for their promises to children. UNICEF is not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF UK raises funds for these programmes through donations, the sale of cards and gifts, partnerships with companies and special events. UNICEF UK is a registered charity. UNICEF UK has a long history of support from its Ambassadors and high-profile supporters, who play a vital role in promoting UNICEF, advocating and fundraising on its behalf. Ambassadors help the organisation reach a wider audience, enabling it\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751764\",\n \"text\": \"encourage international cooperation for the benefit of children. UNICEF is also entitled to be represented when each country’s implementation of the Convention is considered by the Committee every five years. When an emergency strikes, UNICEF staff in the area react rapidly and the first aid usually arrives within 48 hours. Emergency specialists assess the immediate need, focusing on women and children. With permanent offices in the field, UNICEF is well placed to coordinate relief by road and air. Following emergency relief efforts, UNICEF works to promote long-term rehabilitation and improve conditions for children. In the UK, UNICEF seeks to improve\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556712\",\n \"text\": \"for the Tap Project and the Trick or Treats for UNICEF Campaign. In 2013, they agreed a contract with Greek association football champions Olympiacos F.C. who will show the organization's logo on the front of their shirts. Started in 2015, Kid Power is a division of UNICEF that was created as an effort to involve kids in helping other kids in need. UNICEF Kid Power developed the world’s first Wearable for Good, called Kid Power Bands, which is a kids’ fitness tracker bracelet that connects to a smartphone app. The app lets users complete missions, which counts total steps and\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17488284\",\n \"text\": \"Malaysia ratified the CRC in 1995 and the First and Second Optional Protocols in 2012. UNICEF Malaysia UNICEF Malaysia is one of over 190 national offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund. Since its establishment in 1954, UNICEF Malaysia has been on the ground to uphold the rights of children in Malaysia, including their right to an education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children, and works with partner organizations from the public, charity and private sectors, to effect change. It is a Malaysian affliate of the UNICEF. UNICEF Malaysia\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Malaysia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17488279\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF Malaysia UNICEF Malaysia is one of over 190 national offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund. Since its establishment in 1954, UNICEF Malaysia has been on the ground to uphold the rights of children in Malaysia, including their right to an education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children, and works with partner organizations from the public, charity and private sectors, to effect change. It is a Malaysian affliate of the UNICEF. UNICEF Malaysia is one of over 190 country offices and national committees of the United Nations Children's\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Malaysia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14712695\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF Indonesia UNICEF Indonesia is one of over 190 national offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund. As one of the first UNICEF offices established in Asia, UNICEF Indonesia has been on the ground since 1948 to uphold the rights of children in the vast archipelago, including their right to an education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children, and works with partner organizations from the public, charity and private sectors, to effect change. UNICEF was created in 1946 to provide food, clothing and health care to children in Europe\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Indonesia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14316201\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF Philippines UNICEF Philippines is one of over 190 country offices of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). One of the first UNICEF offices established in Asia, it works to uphold the rights of children in the Philippines, including their right to education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children, and works with partners from the public and private sectors to create change through sustainable programs. UNICEF was created in 1946 to provide food, clothing and healthcare to children in Europe after the Second World War. In 1953, the UN\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751761\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Hiddleston and Robbie Williams. UNICEF is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and the support from corporate partners makes a significant contribution to its work. Companies that currently have a corporate partnership with UNICEF UK include Barclays, easyJet, Marks & Spencer, IKEA, Manchester United, EE, Pampers and Vodafone. UNICEF was the first charity to produce and sell cards for the purpose of raising funds. The very first UNICEF card was a Christmas card created in 1949. The card was a reproduction of a painting, sent as a thank you to UNICEF in 1947, by seven-year-old Jitka Samkova. Jitka’s village in\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556725\",\n \"text\": \"were and remain preventable\\\" and that the coverage levels for these interventions are \\\"appallingly low in the 42 countries that account for 90% of child deaths\\\". Documents released by Edward Snowden in December 2013 showed that UNICEF was among the surveillance targets of British and American intelligence agencies. UNICEF The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund was created by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. The Polish physician Ludwik Rajchman is widely regarded as the founder of UNICEF and\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556723\",\n \"text\": \"large-scale, permanent orphanages for children, preferring instead to find children places in their (extended) families and communities, wherever possible. This has led UNICEF to be skeptical of international adoption efforts as a solution to child care problems in developing countries; UNICEF has preferred to see children cared for in their birth countries rather than be adopted by foreign parents. Major news outlets such as US News have asserted UNICEF's intervention that on giving large cash payments to developing countries can lead to a cessation of international adoptions until all of its recommendations are in place, and have even labeled UNICEF\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556719\",\n \"text\": \"back with the community. Issues polled include among others health, education, water, sanitation and hygiene, youth unemployment, HIV/ AIDS, disease outbreaks; social welfare sectors. The initiative is currently operational in 41 countries and covers more than 3 million people. UNICEF Ambassadors are leaders in the entertainment industry, representing the fields of film, television, music, sports and beyond. They help raise awareness of the needs of children, and use their talent and fame to fund-raise, advocate, and educate on behalf of UNICEF. The old UNICEF World Warehouse is a large facility in Denmark, which hosts UNICEF deliverable goods as well as\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12397048\",\n \"text\": \"the status and treatment of children worldwide. The Convention spells out a specific role for UNICEF, in its capacity as the UN body responsible for the rights of children. UNICEF is required to promote the effective implementation of the Convention and to encourage international cooperation for the benefit of children. UNICEF is also entitled to be represented when each country’s implementation of the Convention is considered by the Committee every five years. In Ireland, UNICEF works to promote the rights of all children living in Ireland, regardless of race, religion or nationality and is a member of the Children's Rights\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9420349\",\n \"text\": \"post-punk leanings that alternate between minimalism and a love of quirky embellishment, odd sounds, and unexpected twists; \\\"Stands for Decibels\\\" is clearly a collegiate pop experiment, but rarely is experimentation so enjoyable and irresistibly catchy\\\", concluding that the album \\\"stands not only as a landmark power pop album, but also as a prototype for much of the Southern jangle that would follow. Stands for Decibels Stands for Decibels is the debut studio album by American power pop band the dB's, released in January 1981 by Albion Records. The album was commercially unsuccessful but critically acclaimed. \\\"Stands for Decibels\\\" was ranked\",\n \"title\": \"Stands for Decibels\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556722\",\n \"text\": \"the focus of IRC's research on knowledge gaps, emerging questions and sensitive issues which are relevant to the realization of children's rights, in developing and industrialized countries. It capitalizes on IRC's role as an interface between UNICEF field experience, international experts, research networks and policy makers and is designed to strengthen the centre's institutional collaboration with regional academic and policy institutions, pursuing the following goals: Three interrelated strategies guide the achievement of these goals: UNICEF has a policy preferring orphanages only be used as temporary accommodation for children when there is no alternative. UNICEF has historically opposed the creation of\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18655291\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF Pakistan UNICEF Pakistan is one of country offices of UNICEF. It works for the rights of children in Pakistan, including their right to education, healthcare and protection from abuse and exploitation. It also advocates for political change in support of children especially those hardest to reach and most at risk. UNICEF Pakistan works with the Ministry of Social Welfare and Special Education, Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Provincial Social Welfare Departments, NGOs, and other UN agencies to protect children from abuse, exploitation, violence, and discrimination. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17776221\",\n \"text\": \"not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on voluntary donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF Canada organized the first Trick or Treat Campaign in 1955, and continues to raise funds annually on Halloween (October 31), recognized for this long standing brand work now as National UNICEF Day. UNICEF Canada raises funds primarily through donations, the sale of cards and gifts, partnerships with companies, emergency relief efforts and special events. UNICEF Canada is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and the support from government partners and corporate and community partners makes a significant contribution to its work. Some\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556713\",\n \"text\": \"awards points. The points then unlock funding from partners, which is then used by UNICEF to deliver lifesaving packets of therapeutic food to severely malnourished children around the world. Since 1950, when a group of children in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, donated $17 which they received on Halloween to help post-World War II victims, the Trick-or-Treat UNICEF box has become a tradition in North America during the fall. These small orange boxes are handed to children at schools and other locations before 31 October. , the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign has collected approximately CAD 91 million in Canada and over US$167 million\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20040053\",\n \"text\": \"gotten involved as a UNICEF Ambassador as well as a Kid Power National Spokeswoman. UNICEF Kid Power UNICEF Kid Power is a philanthropic initiative that was launched in 2015 as a division of the US Fund for UNICEF. It marks UNICEF’s first foray into the hardware space. UNICEF Kid Power, with the help of California-based technology firm Calorie Cloud and design studio Ammunition, developed the world’s first \\\"Wearable for Good\\\" activity tracker called Kid Power Bands. These bands act as a kids’ fitness tracker bracelet that connects to a smartphone app. The app lets users complete missions, which counts total\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Kid Power\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17488283\",\n \"text\": \"involvement of children in military conflicts, and the Second Optional Protocol prohibits the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. A third optional protocol relating to communication of complaints was adopted in December 2011. The CRC spells out a specific role for UNICEF, in its capacity as the UN body responsible for the rights of children. UNICEF is required to promote the effective implementation of the CRC and to encourage international co-operation for the benefit of children. UNICEF is also entitled to be represented when each country’s implementation of the CRC is considered by the Committee every five years.\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Malaysia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9420347\",\n \"text\": \"Stands for Decibels Stands for Decibels is the debut studio album by American power pop band the dB's, released in January 1981 by Albion Records. The album was commercially unsuccessful but critically acclaimed. \\\"Stands for Decibels\\\" was ranked No. 76 on \\\"Pitchfork\\\"'s list of \\\"Top 100 Albums of the 1980s\\\". At the time of its release, the dB's consisted of singer/guitarists Chris Stamey and Peter Holsapple, bassist Gene Holder, and drummer Will Rigby. The songwriting was evenly divided between Stamey and Holsapple, although Stamey became known for writing the stranger, more avant-garde numbers (\\\"She's Not Worried\\\", \\\"Espionage\\\") while Holsapple wrote\",\n \"title\": \"Stands for Decibels\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20040051\",\n \"text\": \"used by UNICEF to deliver packets of therapeutic food to severely malnourished children around the world. Rajesh Anandan, SVP of Strategic Partnerships and UNICEF Ventures, stated that UNICEF Kid Power and its Kid Power Band product is essentially a digital extension of UNICEF’s Trick-or-Treat program, which had been started in 1950. UNICEF Kid Power has a number of partnerships and collaborations. On May 22, 2016, UNICEF Kid Power teamed up with Star Wars to create an exclusive Star Wars style Kid Power Band. The National Basketball Association has also collaborated with UNICEF Kid Power via the Sacramento Kings. The collaboration\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Kid Power\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9428951\",\n \"text\": \"he was appointed National Executive Director of UNICEF Canada. From 1979 to 1983, he was an author and editor for UNICEF Communique. He is the author of the book \\\"Canada and the Nobel Prize: Biographies, Portraits and Fascinating Facts\\\" (Pembroke Publishers, 2002, ) In 2002, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. Harry Black (UNICEF) Harry Samuel Black, (born July 30, 1934) is a Canadian humanitarian. He was the Executive Director of UNICEF Canada for 26 years. Born in Toronto, Ontario, he graduated from Ryerson Polytechnical Institute in Architectural Science in 1957 and McMaster University in 1966.\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Black (UNICEF)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20040050\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF Kid Power UNICEF Kid Power is a philanthropic initiative that was launched in 2015 as a division of the US Fund for UNICEF. It marks UNICEF’s first foray into the hardware space. UNICEF Kid Power, with the help of California-based technology firm Calorie Cloud and design studio Ammunition, developed the world’s first \\\"Wearable for Good\\\" activity tracker called Kid Power Bands. These bands act as a kids’ fitness tracker bracelet that connects to a smartphone app. The app lets users complete missions, which counts total steps and awards points. The points then unlock funding from partners, which is then\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Kid Power\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17776220\",\n \"text\": \"In Canada, UNICEF works to promote the rights of all children living in Canada, regardless of race, religion or nationality and is a member of the Children's Rights Alliance. It advocates children’s rights around the world, child-sensitive governance, children’s rights and well-being, children in fragile and conflict states and other youth engagement programs. UNICEF Canada is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario and maintains regional offices in Montreal, Calgary and Vancouver. David Morley is the CEO of the UNICEF Canada. Current members of the National Board of Directors of the Executive Leadership are Linton Carter, Rowena Pinto and Dave Spedding. UNICEF is\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14316208\",\n \"text\": \"to a natural disaster or humanitarian emergency upon the request of the Philippine government. UNICEF's emergency response programs provide support to the government-led response in the areas of child protection, education, health, nutrition, and WASH. Recently, UNICEF has provided assistance to those affected by the Marawi crisis, Typhoon Nock-Ten, Typhoon Haima, Typhoon Melor, Typhoon Koppu, Typhoon Hagupit, Typhoon Haiyan and the Zamboanga City crisis. UNICEF Philippines has appointed three high-profile supporters: Gary Valenciano, Daphne Oseña-Paez and Anne Curtis. In 1998, UNICEF conferred on musician Gary Valenciano the title of UNICEF National Ambassador, the first in the Philippines. As National Ambassador,\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751766\",\n \"text\": \"graduate. UNICEF also supplies educational materials, mobilises teachers, registers children, prepares school facilities and develops curricula in countries affected by conflict and other emergencies. In terms of child survival, UNICEF is seeking to completely eradicate polio, to increase the percentage of children protected against malaria by mosquito nets, to protect children in the early years of life by promoting exclusive breastfeeding and to reduce the risk of children dying from diarrhoeal diseases by improving access to water and sanitation facilities. In 2005, UNICEF launched a five-year global campaign, Unite for Children, Unite against AIDS, to raise awareness about how HIV\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751762\",\n \"text\": \"Czechoslovakia had received UNICEF emergency assistance after the Second World War. Since 1949, UNICEF has continued to sell cards and gifts in order to raise money for children living in poverty around the world. In 2004 UNICEF UK expanded its range of cards and gifts to include a selection of ‘Inspired Gifts’. These offer an opportunity to give a present which makes a real difference to the lives of children. The choice of Inspired Gifts is wide; however the selection changes periodically, depending on where the need is greatest. A typical range could vary from a cold-box vaccine carrier which\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751758\",\n \"text\": \"with local communities, organisations and governments to make a lasting difference to children’s lives. The organisation's global reach allows it to share knowledge across borders, while its local presence – over 85 per cent of UNICEF staff work in developing countries - means it can deliver assistance where it is needed most. With its worldwide presence, UNICEF can respond rapidly wherever disaster strikes, delivering life-saving help for children. UNICEF believes that every child should have clean water, food, health care, education, and a safe environment in which to grow up. The organisation upholds the UN Convention on the Rights of\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12397047\",\n \"text\": \"are Munster and Ireland rugby player Donncha O'Callaghan, Rory McIlroy, Stephen Rea, Cathy Kelly, Gaelic sports stars Joe Canning and Dermot Earley, Dustin the Turkey and Liam Neeson. UNICEF Ireland’s first “Believe in Zero” campaign took place from 24 October-6 November 2010. During these two weeks, UNICEF Ireland's goal was to raise over €1,000,000 simply by getting every adult in Ireland to donate €1 each to UNICEF. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a comprehensive human rights treaty which enshrines specific children’s rights in international law. These rights define universal principles and standards for\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20040052\",\n \"text\": \"involves the Kings, UNICEF, & City of Sacramento ‘Kid Power’ Pilot Program, in which all 3 organizations teamed up to leverage the power of technology in an effort to educate and highlight student fitness in the wider Sacramento area. UNICEF Kid Power has also collaborated in the classroom, with TEACH UNICEF and Scholastic. UNICEF Kid Power has also teamed up with a number of athletes ranging from Gymnastics, soccer, basketball, baseball and much more. These athletes participated as Kid Power Champions, as part of UNICEF Kid Power’s Global Mission program: Outside of athletics, Grammy award winning artist Pink has also\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Kid Power\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556721\",\n \"text\": \"vitamin supplements, and the \\\"School in a box\\\" (illustrated above). The UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre in Florence, Italy, was established in 1988. The centre, formally known as the International Child Development Centres, has as its prime objectives to improve international understanding of issues relating to children's rights, to promote economic policies that advance the cause of children, and to help facilitate the full implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in industrialized and developing countries. The program for 2006–2008 was approved by UNICEF Executive Board in September 2005. It reaffirms the centre's academic freedom and\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556714\",\n \"text\": \"in the U.S. In 1994, UNICEF held a summit encouraging animation studios around the world to create individual animated spots demonstrating the international rights of children. Cartoons for Children's Rights is the collection of animated shorts based on UNICEF’s Convention on the Rights of the Child. To raise money to support its Education and Literacy Programs, UNICEF collaborates with companies worldwide – international as well as small- and medium-sized businesses. Since 2004, the organization has been supported by Montblanc, working collaboratively to help the world's children getting better access to education. According to \\\"Vaccine News Daily\\\", Merck & Co. partnered\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556709\",\n \"text\": \"organization £1.58 million per year and free advertising. In January 2007 UNICEF struck a partnership with Canada's national tent pegging team. The team was officially re-flagged as \\\"UNICEF Team Canada\\\", and its riders wear UNICEF's logo in competition, and team members promote and raise funds for UNICEF's campaign against childhood HIV-AIDS. When the team became the 2008 tent pegging world champions, UNICEF's flag was raised alongside the Canadian flag at the games, the first time in the history of international Grand Prix equestrian competition that a non-state flag has flown over the medal podium. The Swedish club Hammarby IF followed\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556708\",\n \"text\": \"club would donate €1.5 million per year to the organization for five years. As part of the agreement, FC Barcelona would wear the UNICEF logo on the front of their uniforms in the colour yellow (as seen in the picture on the right of Lionel Messi). This was the first time a football club sponsored an organization rather than the other way around. It was also the first time in FC Barcelona's history that they have had another organization's name across the front of their uniform. In 2016, the team signed a new four-year sponsorship deal with UNICEF guaranteeing the\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556704\",\n \"text\": \"on an annual basis. As a matter of custom, permanent members of the Security Council do not serve as officers of the Executive Board. Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board supports and services the Executive Board. It is responsible for maintaining an effective relationship between the Executive Board and the UNICEF secretariat, and helps to organize the field visits of the Executive Board. There are national committees in 38 [industrialized] countries, each established as an independent local non-governmental organization. The national committees raise funds from the public sector. UNICEF is funded entirely by voluntary contributions, and the National\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13133789\",\n \"text\": \"of Gold by The Advertising Club of New York’s International ANDY Awards, for Public Service and with Silver for Integrated Branding.(Gold / 2008 Richard T. O. Reilly) for Public Service Also, in the same year Jay Aldous, who is the former Chief Marketing and Communications Officer for the U.S. Fund for UNICEF, was co-recipient of the inaugural Non-profit Marketer of the Year award from the American Marketing Association and the American Marketing Association Foundation. UNICEF Tap Project The UNICEF Tap Project was a nationwide campaign that provides children in impoverished nations with access to safe, clean water. The campaign culminated\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Tap Project\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14028087\",\n \"text\": \"the West Bank to draw attention to the impact of ongoing conflict on children and their families. Mia spent a day in Sderot and met with children who told her about their experiences living under the constant threat of attack. Mia also visited a psychological treatment center that received UNICEF support to treat Sderot children traumatized by the violence they experience in their daily lives. During the rest of her trip in Israel, Mia toured Yad Vashem and the Shanti House- A Warm Home for Youth At-Risk in Tel Aviv. Throughout her time in Israel, Mia was accompanied by Israeli\",\n \"title\": \"Israeli Fund for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13133779\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF Tap Project The UNICEF Tap Project was a nationwide campaign that provides children in impoverished nations with access to safe, clean water. The campaign culminated during World Water Week, celebrating the United Nations’ World Water Day, March 22. This campaign involved restaurants, dining patrons, students, and volunteers along with corporate, community, celebrity, and government supporters. During World Water Week restaurants across the United States encouraged patrons to donate $1 or more for the tap water they usually enjoy for free. In tandem, UNICEF Tap Project volunteers support their efforts by conducting local fundraising events and activities. Today, nearly 990\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Tap Project\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17776218\",\n \"text\": \"as Sharon, Lois and Bram, Solange Tuyishime, Bayan Yammout, Karina LeBlanc, Veronica Tennant, Jan Lisiecki, Zahra Al-Harazi, Mariatu Kamara, John Nsabimana, Elizabeth Dallaire and Marci Ien. UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors help the organization reach a wider audience, enabling it to highlight work undertaken to improve the lives of the most vulnerable children around the world. They help raise awareness of the needs of children, and use their talent and fame to fundraise, advocate, and educate on behalf of UNICEF. UNICEF Canada meets the guidelines and high standards of the Imagine Canada Standards Program. Out of every dollar, 70 per cent goes\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12397049\",\n \"text\": \"Alliance. Change the Future Report Series In 2011, UNICEF Ireland is publishing a series of four reports that present the findings of primary research carried out among Irish teenagers in late 2010. The series of reports entitled “Change the Future” will be released periodically by UNICEF Ireland in 2011 and will come together to paint a holistic picture on teenage well-being in Ireland, in the words of young people themselves. The First Report focuses on ‘happiness’ and explores general themes around teenage well-being throughout the country. UNICEF is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and the support from corporate partners makes\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15645387\",\n \"text\": \"/ František Čermák defeated Robert Lindstedt / Horia Tecău, 6–3, 2–6, [10–8] Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová / Klára Zakopalová defeated Dominika Cibulková / Flavia Pennetta, 1–6, 6–4, [10–7] The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following qualified for the main draw: The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: 2011 UNICEF Open The 2011 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 22nd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2011 ATP World Tour, and of\",\n \"title\": \"2011 UNICEF Open\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16577590\",\n \"text\": \"said that it was about the government and religion. Taylor explained further; \\\"we wrote about how people follow shit and don't really think about what they're following\\\". Critical reception to \\\"The North Stands for Nothing\\\" was generally positive. Several reviewers noted on the balance that While She Sleeps have between melody and the heavier elements of their sound. \\\"Metal Hammer\\\" reviewer Terry Bezer, specifically complimented the track \\\"Hearts Aside Our Horses\\\" – enthusing that it is \\\"a lesson in how to be both progressive and hook laden at once.\\\" Adam Kennedy of \\\"Kerrang!\\\" complimented the band for putting \\\"their own\",\n \"title\": \"The North Stands for Nothing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14712697\",\n \"text\": \"policies and more effective public social spending that will reach millions of children and reduce disparities. UNICEF Indonesia also helps to build capacity for government institutions to offer basic health, education, child protection services thereby increasing access for individuals and families. UNICEF Indonesia main areas of work will cover: Policy Advocacy and Partnerships for Children which focuses on social policy, budgeting, social protection, evidence-based advocacy, knowledge management, communications for development, media relations and private sector fundraising and partnerships. Child Survival and Development which provides strategic support and technical assistance to improve policies, access to and uptake of services through the\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Indonesia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751763\",\n \"text\": \"helps to ensure that vaccines for children reach their destination in perfect condition, to a midwife kit which helps to safely deliver over 50 babies. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a comprehensive human rights treaty which enshrines specific children’s rights in international law. These rights define universal principles and standards for the status and treatment of children worldwide. The Convention spells out a specific role for UNICEF, in its capacity as the UN body responsible for the rights of children. UNICEF is required to promote the effective implementation of the Convention and to\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12397050\",\n \"text\": \"a significant contribution to its work. Companies that currently have a corporate partnership with UNICEF Ireland include Aer Lingus, Fyffes, IKEA, Topaz Energy and Pampers. In 2009, Tesco used “Change for Good” as advertising, which is trade marked by UNICEF internationally for charity usage but is not trademarked for commercial or retail use which prompted the agency to say \\\"it is the first time in UNICEF’s history that a commercial entity has purposely set out to capitalise on one of our campaigns and subsequently damage an income stream which several of our programmes for children are dependent on”.They went on\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12556699\",\n \"text\": \"UNICEF The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund was created by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. The Polish physician Ludwik Rajchman is widely regarded as the founder of UNICEF and served as its first chairman from 1946. On Rajchman's suggestion, the American Maurice Pate was appointed its first executive director, serving from 1947 until his death in 1965. In 1950, UNICEF's mandate was extended to address the long-term needs of children and women in developing countries everywhere. In\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17776219\",\n \"text\": \"toward helping children, 23 per cent is spent on fundraising costs, and 7 per cent on administration. In 2017 alone, UNICEF Canada helped respond to 337 humanitarian emergencies in 102 countries. UNICEF also improved sanitation for 22 million people, provided over 15.6 million children with micronutrient powder to prevent anemia and vitamin deficiencies and provided education to 8.8 million children. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a comprehensive human rights treaty which enshrines specific children’s rights in international law. These rights define universal principles and standards for the status and treatment of children worldwide.\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14316204\",\n \"text\": \"adaptation plans and programs. UNICEF works to achieve quality and inclusive education for all children in the Philippines. UNICEF supports the Philippine Government’s thrust to expand access to quality Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD), which includes universal Kindergarten. UNICEF's education program aims to provide an equitable platform for learning to ensure that young children are ready to learn and enter school at the right age, and that marginalized and excluded children participate in and complete quality elementary education. UNICEF's health program supports the Philippine Government’s Universal Health Care Agenda and poverty reduction initiatives to serve the poorest families and\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12751765\",\n \"text\": \"baby health and nutrition through its Baby Friendly Initiative in UK health care centres. It also champions child-centred education based on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child through its Rights Respecting Schools Award initiative. UNICEF UK is a member of The National Council for Voluntary Youth Services (NCVYS). UNICEF’s other priorities include education for all, child survival, HIV and AIDS and child protection. On education, UNICEF is committed to giving girls and boys equal learning opportunities. It works to remove barriers that keep girls from attending school and to ensure that, once enrolled, they go on to\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16577588\",\n \"text\": \"like to keep their music simple and have \\\"more a party vibe.\\\" Vocalist Taylor added that their sound is \\\"less pure solo and just more energy.\\\" Dom Wyatt of \\\"Dead Press!\\\" suggested that the band stick to the mould of a metalcore band with the adage \\\"don’t fix what isn’t broken.\\\" In an interview in 2011, vocalist Taylor stated that the title – \\\"The North Stands for Nothing\\\" – has two meanings and that it is open to interpretation. Explaining that being from the North of England; the people that the band know \\\"won't take crap\\\" while also stating that\",\n \"title\": \"The North Stands for Nothing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14316203\",\n \"text\": \"child exploitation and abuse. In the Philippines, UNICEF has lobbied successfully for the passage of several major laws to protect children’s rights, including the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act and the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009. UNICEF's disaster risk reduction (DRR) program aims to establish models of child-centered disaster risk management for eventual replication by local government units (LGU), as a basis for integrating DRR in their local development plans. Aside from bridging the gap between community-based activities and public policy, UNICEF also facilitates the partnership of non-government organizations with LGUs to adopt child-sensitive and child-centered DRR and climate change\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12341009\",\n \"text\": \"since raised more than US$170 million to support UNICEF's work. The U.S. Fund also sponsors the UNICEF Tap Project, which provides children around the world with access to safe, clean water. Current members of the National Board of Directors are Andrew D. Beer, Robert T. Brown, Daniel J. Brutto, Nelson Chai, Gary M. Cohen, Mary Callahan Erdoes, Pamela Fiori, Dolores Rice Gahan, Sarah Godlewski, Mindy Grossman, Hilary Gumbel, Vincent John Hemmer, John A. Herrmann Jr., Franklin Hobbs, Peter Lamm (Chair), Barrie Landry, Téa Leoni, Bob Manoukian, Dikembe Mutombo, Anthony Pantaleoni, Henry Schleiff, Caryl M. Stern, Bernard Taylor, and Sherrie Rollins\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. Fund for UNICEF\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17488280\",\n \"text\": \"Fund. Guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, UNICEF has a universal mandate to promote and protect the rights of all children, everywhere – especially those hardest to reach and most at risk. UNICEF has been working with the Government of Malaysia since 1954 by supporting programmes in health, nutrition, water and sanitation, formal and non-formal education as well as services for deprived children in poor urban areas. UNICEF's work in Malaysia has since evolved with the nation’s development and progress into an upper-middle income country. In addition to helping provide children the best start in life\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Malaysia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14316206\",\n \"text\": \"access among pregnant and lactating women and children under 5 years old to interventions that prevent under-nutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies; treatment of acute malnutrition; sustaining positive nutrition behavior in vulnerable local government units; and supports the government in promoting breastfeeding and Infant and Young Child Feeding practices. UNICEF is supporting the Philippine government's HIV response by gathering data and strategic information, advocating for laws that are responsive to the needs of children and young people, providing life skills and leadership training to adolescents, and helping the government, NGOs and youth networks improve service delivery to respond to the crisis. UNICEF\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14316202\",\n \"text\": \"General Assembly extended UNICEF’s mandate. and in 1989 it adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which has since become the most widely adopted human rights treaty in history. The CRC now underpins UNICEF’s work around the world, including in the Philippines, and defines children’s rights. UNICEF works to provide a safe and protective environment for vulnerable children, including victims of abuse, exploitation and violence. UNICEF develops and strengthens child protection networks at the community, local and national levels. The organization also supports the establishment of Child Protection Units and specialized courts to help victims of\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12397051\",\n \"text\": \"to call on the public “who have children’s welfare at heart, to consider carefully who they support when making consumer choices”. In July 2011, former UNICEF Ireland executive director Melanie Verwoerd said she was “deeply shocked” to have been sacked from the charity because of the publicity surrounding her relationship with Gerry Ryan. Three top Hollywood stars Liam Neeson, Vanessa Redgrave and Roger Moore expressed their sadness over the dismissal. However, all three Goodwill Ambassadors are continuing to support UNICEF. Peter Power, a former Fianna Fáil minister for Overseas Development, was appointed Executive Director in December 2011.<ref>RTE News: Former FF\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Ireland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16504963\",\n \"text\": \"draw: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: The following pair received entry as alternates: The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: 2012 UNICEF Open The 2012 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 23rd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2012 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the\",\n \"title\": \"2012 UNICEF Open\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16504962\",\n \"text\": \"2012 UNICEF Open The 2012 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 23rd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2012 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2012 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, near 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, from 17 June until 23 June 2012. David Ferrer and Nadia Petrova won the singles titles. The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying\",\n \"title\": \"2012 UNICEF Open\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14637124\",\n \"text\": \"/ Horia Tecău defeated Lukáš Dlouhý / Leander Paes 1–6, 7–5, [10–7] Alla Kudryavtseva / Anastasia Rodionova defeated Vania King / Yaroslava Shvedova 3–6, 6–3, [10–6] The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following player received the lucky loser spot: The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: 2010 UNICEF Open The 2010 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 21st edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the\",\n \"title\": \"2010 UNICEF Open\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13133780\",\n \"text\": \"million people worldwide are without access to safe and clean drinking water. Meanwhile, every day 4,100 children die from water related diseases. The UNICEF Tap Project helps support UNICEF’s work towards the Millennium Development Goals – – which is to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. The project was retired by UNICEF USA in March 2016. The UNICEF Tap Project was created in 2007 by a New York City based advertising/communications agency called Droga5 and launched on March 22, 2007 – World Water Day. The concept was to\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Tap Project\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15645386\",\n \"text\": \"2011 UNICEF Open The 2011 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 22nd edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2011 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2011 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, near 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, from 12 June until 18 June 2011. Dmitry Tursunov and Roberta Vinci won the singles title. Dmitry Tursunov defeated Ivan Dodig, 6–3, 6–2 Roberta Vinci defeated Jelena Dokić, 6–7, 6–3, 7–5 Daniele Bracciali\",\n \"title\": \"2011 UNICEF Open\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14637123\",\n \"text\": \"2010 UNICEF Open The 2010 UNICEF Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 21st edition of the UNICEF Open, and was part of the 250 Series of the 2010 ATP World Tour, and of the WTA International tournaments of the 2010 WTA Tour. Both the men's and the women's events took place at the Autotron park in Rosmalen, near 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, from 13 June through 19 June 2010. Sergiy Stakhovsky and Justine Henin won the singles titles. Sergiy Stakhovsky defeated Janko Tipsarević 6–3, 6–0 Justine Henin defeated Andrea Petkovic, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 Robert Lindstedt\",\n \"title\": \"2010 UNICEF Open\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16577592\",\n \"text\": \"generally favorable review for \\\"The New Review\\\", Jen Rochester said that the CD \\\"is over before you know it,\\\" while concluding that \\\"it’s definitely an effort worth checking out.\\\" Similarly, Dom Wyatt of \\\"Dead Press!\\\" said that \\\"The North Stands for Nothing\\\" is very similar to \\\"Hollow Crown\\\" by Architects but that it is a \\\"cracking debut\\\" that While She Sleeps should be proud of. All songs written and composed by While She Sleeps. The North Stands for Nothing The North Stands for Nothing is the debut EP by British metalcore band While She Sleeps. The band recorded the album\",\n \"title\": \"The North Stands for Nothing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13133787\",\n \"text\": \"participating in this project were Selena Gomez, Taylor Swift, Robin Williams, Dwight Howard, Rihanna and Adrian Grenier. Aside from providing water from their own home, celebrities that participated in this project volunteered their time for commercials and advertising campaigns to promote the UNICEF Tap Project. In 2014, UNICEF launched a new campaign challenging users to go without something far less vital than clean water—their cell phones. By going to the Tap Project website on their smartphones, users were challenged to not touch their phone for as long as they could. For every 15 minutes they went, UNICEF's sponsors donated the\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Tap Project\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13133781\",\n \"text\": \"encourage patrons to donate $1 or more for the tap water they usually enjoy for free. The funds would go towards providing impoverished children with clean drinking water; with $1, UNICEF can provide a child with access to clean, safe water for 40 days. That first year the campaign was only on World Water Day, since then it has centered on World Water Week. The first Tap Project that took place in New York City had the support of thousands of patrons at over three hundred restaurants, which helped to raise about $100,000 in funds. Since 2007, the UNICEF Tap\",\n \"title\": \"UNICEF Tap Project\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["united nations children's fund"],"string":"[\n \"united nations children's fund\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1795,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what clubs has messi played for?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"18456204","text":"Messi (2014 film) Messi is a 2014 documentary film directed by Álex de la Iglesia. The film explores the rise of Argentine footballer Lionel Messi, who currently plays for Spanish football club FC Barcelona. The film focuses on Argentine footballer Lionel Messi, from his youth in Rosario to becoming one of the world's greatest players at FC Barcelona, and features Jorge Valdano discussing the qualities of Messi with Barcelona legend Johan Cruyff and former Argentina manager César Luis Menotti. In making the film, Iglesia said he was influenced by Orson Welles' Citizen Kane and Woody Allen's Broadway Danny Rose. The","title":"Messi (2014 film)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18456204\",\n \"text\": \"Messi (2014 film) Messi is a 2014 documentary film directed by Álex de la Iglesia. The film explores the rise of Argentine footballer Lionel Messi, who currently plays for Spanish football club FC Barcelona. The film focuses on Argentine footballer Lionel Messi, from his youth in Rosario to becoming one of the world's greatest players at FC Barcelona, and features Jorge Valdano discussing the qualities of Messi with Barcelona legend Johan Cruyff and former Argentina manager César Luis Menotti. In making the film, Iglesia said he was influenced by Orson Welles' Citizen Kane and Woody Allen's Broadway Danny Rose. The\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (2014 film)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"18309291","text":"kit suppliers of their national teams and the opposite for their clubs. The two highest paid players in football, Messi and Ronaldo are among the world's best paid sports' stars in combined income from salaries, bonuses and off-field earnings. In 2018, Messi edged Ronaldo on \"Forbes\" list of the best-paid athletes, earning $111 million, with Ronaldo next at $108 million. They have the two biggest social media followings in the world among sportspeople with a combined 211 million Facebook fans in 2016, Ronaldo having 122 million and Messi 89 million. Combining Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, Ronaldo has 321 million followers","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"5438325","text":"Valverde, Messi played in a variety of roles. While he occasionally continued to be deployed in a deeper role, from which he could make runs from behind into the box, or even on the right wing or as a false nine, he was also used in a more offensive, central role in a 4–2–3–1, or as a second striker in a 4–4–2 formation, where he was once again given the licence to drop deep, link-up with midfielders, orchestrate his teams attacking plays, and create chances for his attacking partner Suárez. With the Argentina national team, Messi has similarly played anywhere","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438202","text":"they were also unable to pay for his treatment due to the country's economic collapse. His goalscoring idol growing up was Ronaldo, with Messi calling him “the best forward I’ve ever seen”. As the Messi family had relatives in Catalonia, they sought to arrange a trial with Barcelona in September 2000. First team director Charly Rexach immediately wanted to sign him, but the board of directors hesitated; at the time it was highly unusual for European clubs to sign foreign players of such a young age. On 14 December, an ultimatum was issued for Barcelona to prove their commitment, and","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438289","text":"position. In eight qualifying matches under Maradona's stewardship, Messi scored only one goal, netting the opening goal in the first such match, a 4–0 victory over Venezuela. During that game, played on 28 March 2009, he wore Argentina's number 10 shirt for the first time, following the international retirement of Riquelme. Overall, Messi scored four goals in 18 appearances during the qualifying process. Ahead of the tournament, Maradona visited Messi in Barcelona to request his tactical input; Messi then outlined a 4–3–1–2 formation with himself playing behind the two strikers, a playmaking position known as the \"enganche\" in Argentine football,","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"20779932","text":"to him as \"kitten.\" Messi is regarded by his owners as similar to a domestic dog. He is taken to a local dog training facility to be trained, and has learned around 10 commands. The Dmitrievs walk Messi regularly on a leash, coat, and harness through various environments. Messi has peacefully interacted with neighborhood dogs. Messi is fed twice a day, and his diet mostly consists of raw turkey, beef, and chicken. It costs the Dmitrievs about 630 rubles per day to feed him. The couple regularly bathes Messi in a bathtub and sometimes trims his nails. While Messi often","title":"Messi (cougar)"},{"psg_id":"5438349","text":"children. To celebrate his son's first birthday, in November 2013, Messi and Thiago were part of a publicity campaign to raise awareness of mortality rates among disadvantaged children. In addition to his work with UNICEF, Messi founded his own charitable organisation, the Leo Messi Foundation, which supports access to health care, education, and sport for children. It was established in 2007 following a visit Messi paid to a hospital for terminally ill children in Boston, an experience that resonated with him to the point that he decided to reinvest part of his earnings into society. Through his foundation, Messi has","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"18309292","text":"and Messi 181 million, though Messi does not have a Twitter account. In 2007, Ronaldo and Messi finished as runners-up to A.C. Milan's Kaká in both the Ballon d'Or, an award rewarded to the player voted as the best in the world by an international panel of sports journalists; and the FIFA World Player of the Year, an award voted for by coaches and captains of international teams. In an interview that year, Messi was quoted as saying \"Cristiano Ronaldo is an extraordinary player and it would be brilliant to be in the same team as him\". They first played","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"5438211","text":"official competitions. During the 2004–05 season, Messi was a guaranteed starter for the B team, playing 17 games throughout the campaign and scoring on six occasions. Since his debut the previous November, he had not been called up to the first team again, but in October 2004, the senior players asked manager Frank Rijkaard to promote him. Since Ronaldinho already played on the left wing, Rijkaard moved Messi from his usual position onto the right flank (though initially against the player's wishes), allowing him to cut into the centre of the pitch and shoot with his dominant left foot. Messi","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438329","text":"establishing himself as the greatest player Argentina had produced since Maradona. Jorge Valdano, who won the 1986 World Cup alongside Maradona, said in October 2013, \"Messi is Maradona every day. For the last five years, Messi has been the Maradona of the World Cup in Mexico.\" César Menotti, who as manager orchestrated their 1978 World Cup victory, echoed this sentiment when he opined that Messi plays \"at the level of the best Maradona\". Other notable Argentines in the sport, such as Osvaldo Ardiles, Javier Zanetti, and Diego Simeone, have expressed their belief that Messi has overtaken Maradona as the best","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"13608259","text":"Georges Parfait Mbida Messi Georges Parfait Mbida Messi (born 8 December 1980) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a midfielder. Born in Yaoundé, Messi started playing professionally with hometown's Tonnerre Yaoundé and Canon Yaoundé, having an abroad spell in between with Turkish club Çaykur Rizespor, appearing scarcely during the 2000–01 season as the Süper Lig team finished in ninth position. After leaving Canon, he played in Belgium with K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen, but appeared very rarely for the Pro League side. After a few months in Qatar, Messi moved to another country, Portugal, signing for second division's S.C. Olhanense and","title":"Georges Parfait Mbida Messi"},{"psg_id":"20779934","text":"followers, and the YouTube channel has over 50,000 subscribers. Mariya is the manager of the social media accounts. Despite mostly favorable attention on social media, some have criticized the Dmitrievs for keeping Messi under domestic circumstances. Opposers of the domestication of wild animals fear that Messi's wild needs will not be met, and that once Messi reaches sexual maturity he may become more prone to dangerous behavior. They advise the Dmitrievs to send Messi to a wildlife reserve or sanctuary. The Dmitrievs, however, believe that Messi would not be able to survive in a wild setting. Also, while the couple","title":"Messi (cougar)"},{"psg_id":"20779931","text":"adopting Messi. Messi was sickly at the time of his adoption, so the Dmitrievs worked to nurse him to decent health. Messi lives with Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev in a small studio apartment in Penza. The hallway of the apartment was modified and was designated as Messi's play area. Toys include empty bottles and balls. The couple also owns a sphynx cat named Kira, but the cat does not tend to take kindly to Messi's company, so the two are kept separated. Messi has a gentle and calm personality, and has never before attacked a person. The Dmitrievs sometimes refer","title":"Messi (cougar)"},{"psg_id":"5438309","text":"international football. Sources reported that other Argentine players – Sergio Agüero, Javier Mascherano, Gonzalo Higuaín, Lucas Biglia, Éver Banega, Ezequiel Lavezzi and Ángel Di María – could follow their captain in retiring from international football. Chile coach Juan Antonio Pizzi said after the match, \"My generation can't compare him to Maradona that's for my generation, because of what Maradona did for Argentine football. But I think the best player ever played today here in the United States.\" Messi finished the tournament as the second highest scorer, behind Eduardo Vargas, with five goals, and was the highest assist provider with four","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"18309300","text":"did not think it was the end for them. In recent years, it has been said that the rivalry between Real Madrid and Barcelona has been \"encapsulated\" by the individual rivalry between Ronaldo and Messi, with neither player ever participating in a goalless \"El Clásico\". Messi–Ronaldo rivalry The Messi–Ronaldo rivalry is a football rivalry between fans of Argentinian forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo and supposedly between the athletes themselves. Having won a combined ten Ballon d'Or/FIFA Ballon d'Or awards (5 each), both are widely regarded not only as the two best players of their generation, but also","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"5438342","text":"was 20, Messi has been in a relationship with Antonella Roccuzzo, a fellow native of Rosario. He has known Roccuzzo since he was five years old, as she is the cousin of his best friend since childhood, Lucas Scaglia, who is also a football player. After keeping their relationship private for a year, Messi first confirmed their romance in an interview in January 2009, before going public a month later during a carnival in Sitges after the Barcelona–Espanyol derby. Messi and Roccuzzo have three sons: Thiago (born 2012), Mateo (born 2015) and Ciro (born 2018). To celebrate his partner's first","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438332","text":"an economic crisis, it was reported that three of the national team's security staff told Messi that they haven't been given their salaries for six months. He stepped in and paid the salaries of the three members. Among his contemporary peers, Messi is most often compared and contrasted with Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo, as part of an ongoing rivalry that has been compared to past sports rivalries like the Muhammad Ali–Joe Frazier rivalry in boxing, the Björn Borg–John McEnroe rivalry in tennis, and the Ayrton Senna–Alain Prost rivalry from Formula One. Although Messi has at times denied any rivalry, they","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"20779935","text":"discourages big cat domestication in general, they believe that Messi is a special case due to his calm personality and his health condition. Messi (cougar) Messi (Russian: Месси, born 2015) is a pet cougar owned by the Russian couple Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev. The couple lives with Messi in a studio apartment in the city of Penza, Russia. Messi was adopted by the couple in 2016 from a local petting zoo. In 2017, the Dmitrievs started an Instagram account and a YouTube channel for Messi, and these became very popular by 2018. Messi was born in late 2015 in a","title":"Messi (cougar)"},{"psg_id":"20779928","text":"Messi (cougar) Messi (Russian: Месси, born 2015) is a pet cougar owned by the Russian couple Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev. The couple lives with Messi in a studio apartment in the city of Penza, Russia. Messi was adopted by the couple in 2016 from a local petting zoo. In 2017, the Dmitrievs started an Instagram account and a YouTube channel for Messi, and these became very popular by 2018. Messi was born in late 2015 in a zoo at Saransk, Mordovia, Russia. He was one of three newborn cougars at the zoo to be named after professional football players for","title":"Messi (cougar)"},{"psg_id":"5438206","text":"join Arsenal, his first from a foreign club, but while Fàbregas and Piqué soon left for England, he chose to remain in Barcelona. During the 2003–04 season, his fourth with Barcelona, Messi rapidly progressed through the club's ranks, debuting for a record five teams in a single campaign. After being named player of the tournament in four international pre-season competitions with the \"Juveniles\" B, he played only one official match with the team before being promoted to the \"Juveniles A\", where he scored 18 goals in 11 league games. Messi was then one of several youth players called up to","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438328","text":"predominant view among insiders in continental Europe. A frequent dismissal, however, has centred on the fact that Messi has not won the FIFA World Cup with Argentina, leading some in the sport to instead cite him as the best club player in history. Throughout his career, Messi has been compared with his compatriot Diego Maradona, due to their similar playing styles as diminutive, left-footed dribblers. Initially, he was merely one of many young Argentine players, including his boyhood idol Pablo Aimar, to receive the \"New Maradona\" moniker, but as his career progressed, Messi proved his similarity beyond all previous contenders,","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438193","text":"Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini (; born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains both Barcelona and the Argentina national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as one of the greatest players of all time, Messi has won a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, four of which he won consecutively, and a record five European Golden Shoes. He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won 33 trophies, including nine La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and six","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438305","text":"players, including taking a boot to the midriff, Messi played below his standards, though he was the only Argentine to successfully convert his penalty. At the close of the tournament, he was reportedly selected to receive the Most Valuable Player award but rejected the honour. As Argentina continued a trophy drought that began in 1993, the World Cup and Copa América defeats again brought intense criticism for Messi from Argentine media and fans. Messi's place in Argentina's Copa América Centenario squad was initially put in jeopardy when he sustained a back injury in a 1–0 friendly win over Honduras in","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438268","text":"Champions League. On 19 September, Messi found the net four times in a 6–1 trashing of Eibar at the Camp Nou in La Liga. Three weeks later, on 1 October, Messi surpassed his former teammate Carles Puyol to become the third highest appearance maker in the club's history, as he helped \"Barça\" defeat Las Palmas 3–0 by assisting Sergio Busquets' opener and later adding two himself in his 594th official game for the club; the league game was played behind closed doors at the Camp Nou due to violence in Catalonia relating to an ongoing independence referendum. On 18 October,","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438345","text":"family members, particularly his mother, Celia, whose face he has tattooed on his left shoulder. His professional affairs are largely run as a family business: his father, Jorge, has been his agent since he was 14, and his oldest brother, Rodrigo, handles his daily schedule and publicity. His mother and other brother, Matías, manage his charitable organisation, the Leo Messi Foundation, and take care of personal and professional matters in Rosario. Since leaving for Spain at age 13, Messi has maintained close ties to his hometown of Rosario, even preserving his distinct Rosarino accent. He has kept ownership of his","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438353","text":"tax fraud and were handed suspended 21-month prison sentences and respectively ordered to pay €1.7 million and €1.4 million in fines. Facing the judge, he said, \"I just played football. I signed the contracts because I trusted my dad and the lawyers and we had decided that they would take charge of those things.\" Barcelona Notes Citations Bibliography Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini (; born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains both Barcelona and the Argentina national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438283","text":"their progression to the knockout phase was secured, several starters were rested during the last group match. Messi consequently started the game against the Netherlands, a 0–0 draw, as they won their group on goal differential. In the round of 16 match against Mexico, played on his 19th birthday, Messi came on in the 84th minute, with the score tied at 1–1. He appeared to score a goal, but it was contentiously ruled offside, with the team needing a late goal in extra time to proceed. He did not play in the quarter-final against Germany, during which Argentina were eliminated","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438231","text":"his win to the votes from the international coaches and captains. Towards the end of the season, Barcelona played four \"Clásicos\" in the span of 18 days. A league match on 16 April ended in a draw after a penalty from Messi. After Barcelona lost the Copa del Rey final four days later, Messi scored both goals in his side's 2–0 win in the first leg of the Champions League semi-finals in Madrid, the second of which – a slaloming dribble past three Real players – was acclaimed as one of the best ever in the competition. Although he did","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438225","text":"Madrid's Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. Returning to the wing, he played his first final since breaking into the first team on 13 May, scoring once and assisting a second goal as Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 4–1 to win the Copa del Rey. With 23 league goals from Messi that season, Barcelona became La Liga champions three days later and achieved its fifth double. As the season's Champions League top scorer with nine goals, the youngest in the tournament's history, Messi scored two goals and assisted two more to ensure a 4–0 quarter-final victory over Bayern Munich. He returned as a false","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438320","text":"of gravity and resulting balance, aids him in withstanding physical challenges from opponents; he has consequently been noted for his lack of diving in a sport rife with playacting. His short, strong legs allow him to excel in short bursts of acceleration while his quick feet enable him to retain control of the ball when dribbling at speed. His former Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola once stated, \"Messi is the only player that runs faster with the ball than he does without it.\" Although he has improved his ability with his weaker foot since his mid-20s, Messi is predominantly a left-footed","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438319","text":"his nation for the remainder of the calendar year. Messi's absence from the national team and his continued failure to win a title with Argentina prompted speculation in the media that Messi might retire from international football once again. Due to his short stature, Messi has a lower centre of gravity than taller players, which gives him greater agility, allowing him to change direction more quickly and evade opposing tackles; this has led the Spanish media to dub him \"La Pulga Atómica\" (\"The Atomic Flea\"). Despite being physically unimposing, he possesses significant upper-body strength, which, combined with his low centre","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438256","text":"in \"El Clásico\". Messi capped off the year by winning the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final on 20 December, collecting his fifth club trophy of 2015 as Barcelona went on to defeat River Plate 3–0 in Yokohama. Messi also won the tournament's Silver Ball, despite missing the semi-final. On 30 December, Messi scored on his 500th appearance for Barcelona, in a 4–0 home win over Real Betis. On 6 January 2016, recording Barcelona's first goal of the new year, Messi scored two goals and assisted the other two in a 4–1 derby win over Espanyol at the Camp Nou,","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"20122211","text":"Messi (2017 film) Messi is a 2017 Bengali football film directed by Riingo Banerjee and made under Macneill Engineering studio. The title is a reference to Argentine footballer Lionel Messi. \"Messi\" is a story about two brothers. The elder brother Prosun doesn’t do anything except loitering around with his girlfriend and fixing local football matches for his brother from whom he gets a share of winning money. The younger brother Chotu, who wears the jersey titled \"Messi\", is highly gifted in football (soccer) skills. He is the pride of his family and the hope of their father who once used","title":"Messi (2017 film)"},{"psg_id":"5438194","text":"Copas del Rey. Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (397), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (26), as well as those for most assists in La Liga (159) and the Copa América (11). He has scored over 660 senior career goals for club and country. Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency as a child. At age 13, he relocated to Spain to join Barcelona, who agreed","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"20779933","text":"urinates outside, he also urinates in the tub when inside. The couple plans to move to a bigger house in the near future, and also plans to adopt a leopard as a companion for Messi. In 2017, the Dmitrievs started an Instagram account and YouTube channel for Messi, both called \"I_am_puma\". Pictures and videos published to these social media accounts show various aspects of daily life with the cougar. Messi's social media accounts quickly skyrocketed in popularity; by January 2018, the Instagram account already had almost 150,000 followers and over 50 million views. The Instagram account currently has over 400,000","title":"Messi (cougar)"},{"psg_id":"5438200","text":"joined local club Grandoli, where he was coached by his father, though his earliest influence as a player came from his maternal grandmother, Celia, who accompanied him to training and matches. He was greatly affected by her death, shortly before his eleventh birthday; since then, as a devout Catholic, he has celebrated his goals by looking up and pointing to the sky in tribute of his grandmother. A lifelong supporter of Newell's Old Boys, Messi joined the Rosario club when he was six years old. During the six years he played for Newell's, he scored almost 500 goals as a","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438312","text":"the same slogan. Just a week after Messi announced his international retirement, Argentine newspaper \"La Nación\" reported that he was reconsidering playing for Argentina at the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers in September. On 12 August, it was confirmed that Messi had reversed his decision to retire from international football, and he was included in the squad for the national team's upcoming 2018 World Cup qualifiers. On 1 September 2016, in his first game back, he scored in a 1–0 home win over Uruguay in a 2018 World Cup qualifier. On 28 March 2017, Messi was suspended for four international","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438239","text":"in La Liga, and Gerd Müller's record of most goals scored in a calendar year, overtaking his 85 goals scored in 1972 for Bayern Munich and Germany. Messi sent Müller a number 10 Barcelona shirt, signed \"with respect and admiration\", after breaking his 40-year record. At the close of the year, Messi had scored a record 91 goals in all competitions for Barcelona and Argentina. Although FIFA did not acknowledge the achievement, citing verifiability issues, he received the \"Guinness World Records\" title for most goals scored in a calendar year. As the odds-on favourite, Messi again won the FIFA Ballon","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"20779930","text":"Furthermore, workers at the petting zoo originally planned to euthanize him. In 2016, Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev visited the Penza zoo and met Messi for the first time. The couple experienced \"love at first sight,\" and noticed Messi's exceptionally gentle personality. The Dmitrievs considered adopting Messi as a pet, and deliberated for a few days, discussing together the morality and logistics of keeping this animal. The couple made the final decision to adopt Messi from the petting zoo. Alexandr later told MailOnline that he had always dreamed of owning a big cat, particularly a lynx, which was a motivation for","title":"Messi (cougar)"},{"psg_id":"20122212","text":"to be a football coach. While attending one such match which Prosun arranges for Chotu, an accident happens and Chotu is left physically disadvantaged for life. The unfortunate incident fills Prosun with unfathomed guilt, and to get rid of this guilt he attempts to achieve the impossible. He attempts to step into his brother’s shoes. Messi (2017 film) Messi is a 2017 Bengali football film directed by Riingo Banerjee and made under Macneill Engineering studio. The title is a reference to Argentine footballer Lionel Messi. \"Messi\" is a story about two brothers. The elder brother Prosun doesn’t do anything except","title":"Messi (2017 film)"},{"psg_id":"5438337","text":"Adidas boots, the Adidas Messi. As a commercial entity, Messi's marketing brand has been based exclusively on his talents and achievements as a player, in contrast to arguably more glamorous players like Cristiano Ronaldo and David Beckham. At the start of his career, he thus mainly held sponsorship contracts with companies that employ sports-oriented marketing, such as Adidas, Pepsi, and Konami. From 2010 onwards, concurrently with his increased achievements as a player, his marketing appeal widened, leading to long-term endorsement deals with luxury brands Dolce & Gabbana and Audemars Piguet. Messi is also a global brand ambassador for Gillette, Turkish","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438280","text":"a friendly against Hungary on 17 August 2005. Aged 18, Messi made his senior debut for Argentina in the Ferenc Puskás Stadium when he came on in the 63rd minute, only to be sent off after two minutes for a perceived foul against Vilmos Vanczák, who had grabbed his shirt; Messi had struck the defender with his arm while trying to shake him off, which the referee interpreted as an intentional elbowing, a contentious decision. Messi was reportedly found weeping in the dressing room after his sending-off. He returned to the team on 3 September in their World Cup qualifier","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438269","text":"in his 122nd European club appearance, Messi scored his 97th UEFA Champions League goal, and his 100th in all UEFA club competitions, in a 3–1 home victory over Olympiakos. Messi became only the second player after Cristiano Ronaldo to reach this century milestone, but accomplished it in 21 fewer appearances than the Portuguese counterpart. On 23 October, Messi finished as the runner-up behind Cristiano Ronaldo in 2017 Best FIFA Men's Player award for the second consecutive year. On 4 November, he made his 600th appearance for Barcelona in a 2–1 home win over Sevilla in La Liga. Following the reception","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438196","text":"d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award by record voting margins. Three successful seasons followed, with Messi winning three consecutive FIFA Ballons d'Or, including an unprecedented fourth. His best campaign statistically to date was the 2011–12 season, in which he set the La Liga and European records for most goals scored in a single season, while establishing himself as Barcelona's all-time top scorer in official competitions in March 2012. The following two seasons, Messi finished twice second for the Ballon d'Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo, his perceived career rival. Messi regained his best form during the 2014–15 campaign, breaking","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438315","text":"an injured Messi, losing 6–1 to Spain in March 2018. Prior to Argentina's opener, there was speculation in the media over whether this would be Messi's final World Cup. In the team's opening group match against Iceland on 16 June, Messi missed a potential match-winning penalty in an eventual 1–1 draw. In Argentina’s second game of the 2018 World Cup on 21 June, the team lost 3–0 to Croatia. Post match the Argentina coach Jorge Sampaoli spoke of the lack of quality in the team surrounding Messi, “the reality of the Argentina squad clouds his [Messi’s] brilliance\". Messi had just","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438295","text":"Sabella awarded the 24-year-old Messi the captaincy of the squad, in accord with then-captain Javier Mascherano. Reserved by nature, Messi went on to lead his squad by example as their best player, while Mascherano continued to fulfil the role of the team's on-field leader and motivator. In a further redesign of the team, Sabella dismissed Tevez and brought in players with whom Messi had won the World Youth Championship and Olympic Games. Now playing in a free role in an improving team, Messi ended his goal drought by scoring during their first World Cup qualifying match against Chile on 7","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438350","text":"awarded research grants, financed medical training, and invested in the development of medical centres and projects in Argentina, Spain, and elsewhere in the world. In addition to his own fundraising activities, such as his global \"Messi and Friends\" football matches, his foundation receives financial support from various companies to which he has assigned his name in endorsement agreements, with Adidas as their main sponsor. Messi has also invested in youth football in Argentina: he financially supports Sarmiento, a football club based in the Rosario neighbourhood where he was born, committing in 2013 to the refurbishment of their facilities and the","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438347","text":"were fellow members of \"The Machine of '87\" at Newell's Old Boys. He currently lives in Castelldefels, a village near Barcelona. Although considered a one-club man, he has long planned to return to Rosario to end his playing career at Newell's. He was on bad terms with the club after his transfer to Barcelona, but by 2012 their public feud had ended, with Newell's embracing their ties with Messi, even issuing a club membership card to his newborn son. Throughout his career, Messi has been involved in charitable efforts aimed at vulnerable children, a commitment that stems in part from","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438303","text":"2–2 draw; Messi had scored from a penalty kick, netting his only goal in the tournament. Following a 1–0 win against defending champions Uruguay, Messi earned his 100th cap for his country in the final group match, a 1–0 win over Jamaica, becoming only the fifth Argentine to achieve this milestone. In his 100 appearances, he had scored a total of 46 goals for Argentina, 22 of which came in official competitive matches. As Messi evolved from the team's symbolic captain into a genuine leader, he led Argentina to the knockout stage as group winners. In the quarter-final, they created","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438266","text":"for Paco Alcácer in the 2017 Copa del Rey Final, helping Barcelona to a 3–1 victory over Alavés, and was named Man of the Match. In total, Messi finished the 2016–17 season with 54 goals and 16 assists, while his 37 goals in La Liga saw him claim both the Pichichi and European Golden Boot Awards for the fourth time in his career. Messi opened the 2017–18 season by converting a penalty in Barcelona's 1–3 first leg home defeat to Real Madrid in Supercopa de España. Thereby, Messi also extended his El Clásico goalscoring record with the goal being his","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438265","text":"scored against in La Liga (35). On 4 February, Messi scored his 27th free-kick for Barcelona in a 3–0 home win over Athletic Bilbao in the league, overtaking Koeman as the club's all-time top-scorer from free-kicks. On 23 April, Messi scored twice in a 3–2 away win over Real Madrid. His game-winning goal in stoppage time was his 500th for Barcelona. His memorable celebration saw him taking off his Barcelona shirt and holding it up to incensed Real Madrid fans – with his name and number facing the crowd. On 27 May, Messi scored a goal and set up another","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438343","text":"pregnancy, Messi placed the ball under his shirt after scoring in Argentina's 4–0 win against Ecuador on 2 June 2012, before confirming the pregnancy in an interview two weeks later. Thiago was born in Barcelona on 2 November 2012, with Messi attending the birth after being given permission by Barcelona to miss training. He announced his son's arrival on his Facebook page, writing, \"Today I am the happiest man in the world, my son was born and thanks to God for this gift!\" Thiago's name and handprints are tattooed on his left calf. In April 2015, Messi confirmed on Facebook","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438278","text":"Aware of his physical limitations, Messi employed a personal trainer to increase his muscle mass, returning to the squad in an improved condition in time for the World Youth Championship, hosted by the Netherlands in June 2005. After he was left out of the starting line-up in their first match against the United States, a 1–0 defeat, the squad's senior players asked manager Francisco Ferraro to let Messi start, as they considered him their best player. After helping the team defeat Egypt and Germany to progress past the group stage, Messi proved decisive in the knockout phase as he scored","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438273","text":"Sevilla in the 2018 Copa del Rey Final, later also setting up Suárez's second goal; this was Barcelona's fourth consecutive title and their 30th overall. On 29 April, Messi scored a hat-trick in a 4–2 away win over Deportivo de La Coruña, which saw Barcelona claim their 25th league title. On 9 May, Messi scored as Barcelona defeated Villarreal 5–1 to set the longest unbeaten streak (43 games) in La Liga history. With the departure of former captain Andrés Iniesta in May 2018, Messi was named the team's new captain for the following season. On 12 August 2018, he lifted","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438263","text":"City 4–0. On 1 November, Messi scored his 54th Champions League group stage goal in Barcelona's 3–1 away loss to Manchester City, surpassing the previous record of 53 goals held by Raúl. On 12 November, Messi placed second in the 2016 Ballon d'Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo, who claimed the award for the fourth time. He finished the year with 51 goals, making him Europe's top scorer, one ahead of Zlatan Ibrahimović. After placing second in the 2016 Ballon d'Or, on 9 January 2017 Messi also finished in second place – behind Cristiano Ronaldo once again – in the 2016 Best","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438249","text":"to be headed for another disappointing end to the season, with renewed speculation in the media that Messi was leaving the club. A turning point came on 11 January during a 3–1 victory over Atlético Madrid, the first time Barça's attacking trident of Messi, Luis Suárez and Neymar, dubbed \"MSN\", each scored in a match, marking the beginning of a highly successful run. After five years of playing in the centre of the pitch, Messi had returned to his old position on the right wing late the previous year, by his own suggestion according to Suárez, their striker. From there,","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438214","text":"loan Messi, a bid to buy him came from Inter Milan, who were willing to pay his €150 million buyout clause and triple his wages. According to then-president Joan Laporta, it was the only time the club faced a real risk of losing Messi, but he ultimately decided to stay. On 16 September, his contract was updated for the second time in three months and extended to 2014. Due to issues regarding his legal status in the Royal Spanish Football Federation, Messi missed the start of La Liga, but on 26 September, he acquired Spanish citizenship and became eligible to","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438267","text":"24th official and 25th overall. On 27 August, Messi scored his first two goals of the 2017–18 La Liga season in a 2–0 away win over Alavés. Messi's first goal marked his 350th in the fixture, becoming the first player ever to achieve this milestone. On 9 September, Messi scored his first hat-trick of the 2017–18 league campaign, against Espanyol in derbi barceloní, thus helping to secure a 5–0 home victory for Blaugrana over local rivals. Messi netted twice against Gianluigi Buffon, on 12 September, as \"Barça\" defeated the last season's Italian champions Juventus 3–0 at home in the UEFA","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438224","text":"season under Barcelona's new manager, former captain Pep Guardiola, Messi played mainly on the right wing, like he had under Rijkaard, though this time as a false winger with the freedom to cut inside and roam the centre. During the \"Clásico\" on 2 May 2009, however, he played for the first time as a false nine, positioned as a centre-forward but dropping deep into midfield to link up with Xavi and Andrés Iniesta. He assisted with a chip his side's first goal and scored twice to end the match in an emphatic 6–2 victory, the team's greatest-ever score at Real","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438333","text":"are widely believed to push one another in their aim to be the best player in the world: since 2008, both players have won five Ballons d'Or while Messi has five European Golden Shoes to Ronaldo’s four. Pundits and fans regularly argue the individual merits of both players; beyond their playing styles, the debate also revolves around their differing physiques—Ronaldo is with a muscular build—and contrasting public personalities, with Ronaldo's self-confidence and theatrics a foil to Messi's humility. From 2009–10 to 2017–18 Messi faced Ronaldo at least twice every season in \"El Clásico\", which ranks among the world's most viewed","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438326","text":"along the frontline; under various managers, he has been employed on the right wing, as a false nine, as an out-and-out striker, alongside another forward, or in a deeper, free creative role as a classic number 10 playmaker or attacking midfielder behind the strikers. A prodigious talent as a teenager, Messi established himself among the world's best players before age 20. Diego Maradona considered the 18-year-old Messi the best player in the world alongside Ronaldinho, while the Brazilian himself, shortly after winning the Ballon d'Or, commented, \"I'm not even the best at Barça,\" in reference to his protégé. Four years","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"18456205","text":"film was produced by Mediapro and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. After the film's premiere during the Venice Film Festival in 2014, Andrew Barker of \"Variety\" wrote that \"the film is well shot and very briskly edited\" and praised the choice to include figures throughout Messi's career and to not include Messi himself, but complained that they \"never interact in particularly interesting ways\" and also highlighted the lack of insight into his character. Messi (2014 film) Messi is a 2014 documentary film directed by Álex de la Iglesia. The film explores the rise of Argentine footballer Lionel Messi, who currently","title":"Messi (2014 film)"},{"psg_id":"5438341","text":"release, receiving 137 million views, and was subsequently voted the best advertisement of the 2005–15 decade to commemorate YouTube's founding. World Press Photo selected \"The Final Game\", a photograph of Messi facing the World Cup trophy after Argentina's final defeat to Germany, as the best sports image of 2014. \"Messi\", a documentary about his life by filmmaker Álex de la Iglesia, premiered at the Venice Film Festival in August 2014. Born in a zoo at Saransk, Mordovia, Russia in late 2015, Messi, a pet cougar who became popular on social media, was named after the player. Since 2008, when he","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438330","text":"player in history. In Argentine society, Messi is generally held in lesser esteem than Maradona, a consequence of not only his perceived uneven performances with the national team, but also of differences in class, personality, and background. Messi is in some ways the antithesis of his predecessor: where Maradona was an extroverted, controversial character who rose to greatness from the slums, Messi is reserved and unassuming, an unremarkable man outside of football. An enduring mark against him is the fact that, although through no fault of his own, he never proved himself in the Argentine Primera División as an upcoming","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438300","text":"1990. Following a 0–0 draw in extra time, they eliminated the Netherlands 4–2 in a penalty shootout to reach the final, with Messi scoring his team's first penalty. Billed as Messi versus Germany, the world's best player against the best team, the final was a repeat of the 1990 final featuring Diego Maradona. Within the first half-hour, Messi had started the play that led to a goal, but it was ruled offside. He missed several opportunities to open the scoring throughout the match, in particular at the start of the second half when his breakaway effort went wide of the","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438286","text":"the final 3–0 to a Brazil squad that lacked several of the nation's best players. Their unexpected loss was followed by much criticism in Argentina, though Messi was mostly exempt due to his young age and secondary status to star player Juan Román Riquelme. He was named the best young player of the tournament by CONMEBOL. Ahead of the 2008 Summer Olympics, Barcelona legally barred Messi from representing Argentina at the tournament as it coincided with their Champions League qualifying matches. After interference from newly appointed Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola, who had won the tournament in 1992, Messi was permitted","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438227","text":"to achieve the sextuple, winning six top-tier trophies in a single year. After victories in the Supercopa de España and UEFA Super Cup in August, Barcelona won the FIFA Club World Cup against Estudiantes de La Plata on 19 December, with Messi scoring the winning 2–1 goal with his chest. At 22 years old, Messi won the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award, both times by the greatest voting margin in each trophy's history. Unsatisfied with his position on the right wing, Messi resumed playing as a false nine in early 2010, beginning with a","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438304","text":"numerous chances, including a rebound header by Messi, but were repeatedly denied by Colombia's goalkeeper, and ultimately ended the match scoreless, leading to a 5–4 penalty shootout in their favour, with Messi netting his team's first spot kick. At the semi-final stage, Messi excelled as playmaker as he provided three assists and helped create three more goals in his side's 6–1 victory over Paraguay, receiving applause from the initially hostile crowd. Argentina started the final as the odds-on title favourites, but were defeated by Chile 4–1 in a penalty shootout after an 0–0 extra-time draw. Faced with aggression from opposing","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"18309296","text":"\"only the media, the press, who wants us to be at loggerheads but I've never fought with Cristiano\". However, it is widely argued and documented that there's an atmosphere of tension between the duo, with Guillem Balagué claiming in \"Messi\" that Ronaldo refers to the Argentine counterpart as \"motherfucker\" behind his back, and Luca Caioli saying in his book, \"Ronaldo: The Obsession for Perfection\", that according to his sources, Ronaldo heats up when watching Messi play. In response to claims that he and Messi do not get on well on a personal level, Ronaldo commented: \"We don't have a relationship","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"18309288","text":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry The Messi–Ronaldo rivalry is a football rivalry between fans of Argentinian forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo and supposedly between the athletes themselves. Having won a combined ten Ballon d'Or/FIFA Ballon d'Or awards (5 each), both are widely regarded not only as the two best players of their generation, but also regarded by many as the greatest of all time. Both players have regularly broken the 50 goal barrier in a single season and have scored over 600 goals each in their careers for club and country. Sports journalists and pundits regularly argue the individual merits","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"5438310","text":"assists, also winning more Man of the Match awards than any other player in the tournament (3); he was named to the team of the tournament for his performances, but missed out on the Golden Ball Award for best player, which went to Alexis Sánchez. Following his announcement, a campaign began in Argentina for Messi to change his mind about retiring. He was greeted by fans with signs like \"Don't go, Leo\" when the team landed in Buenos Aires. President of Argentina Mauricio Macri urged Messi not to quit, stating, \"We are lucky, it is one of life's pleasures, it","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438270","text":"of his fourth Golden Boot, Messi signed a new deal with Barcelona on 25 November, keeping him with the club through the 2020–21 season. His buyout clause was set at €700 million. On 7 January 2018, Messi made his 400th La Liga appearance with Barcelona in a 3–0 home win over Levante, marking the occasion with his 144th league assist and 365th league goal for the club, the latter of which saw him equal Gerd Müller's record for the most league goals scored for the same club in one of Europe's top five divisions. A week later, he broke the","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438195","text":"to pay for his medical treatment. After a fast progression through Barcelona's youth academy, Messi made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004. Despite being injury-prone during his early career, he established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years, finishing 2007 as a finalist for both the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award, a feat he repeated the following year. His first uninterrupted campaign came in the 2008–09 season, during which he helped Barcelona achieve the first treble in Spanish football. At 22 years old, Messi won the Ballon","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"18309298","text":"itself has been described as one about records and reputation of the players, rather than one based in loathing. Ronaldo is the UEFA Champions League all-time top goalscorer while Messi is second. The two had broken each other's record over the course of 2015 after Messi surpassed the previous record holder Raúl in November 2014. Ronaldo opened a gap in the 2015–16 season when he became the first player to score double figures in the group stage of the Champions League, setting the record at 11 goals. They are the first two players to score 100 goals in UEFA Champions","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"5438351","text":"installation of all-weather pitches, and funds the management of several youth players at Newell's Old Boys and rival club Rosario Central, as well as at River Plate and Boca Juniors in Buenos Aires. At Newell's Old Boys, his boyhood club, he funded the 2012 construction of a new gymnasium and a dormitory inside the club's stadium for their youth academy. His former youth coach at Newell's, Ernesto Vecchio, is employed by the Leo Messi Foundation as a talent scout for young players. On 7 June 2016, Messi won a libel case against \"La Razón\" newspaper and was awarded €65,000 in","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438288","text":"in the final as Argentina defeated Nigeria to claim Olympic gold medals. Along with Riquelme, Messi was singled out by FIFA as the stand-out player from the tournament's best team. From late 2008, the national team experienced a three-year period marked by poor performances. Under manager Diego Maradona, who had led Argentina to World Cup victory as a player, the team struggled to qualify for the 2010 World Cup, securing their place in the tournament only after defeating Uruguay 1–0 in their last qualifying match. Maradona was criticised for his strategic decisions, which included playing Messi out of his usual","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438276","text":"process. As a dual Argentine-Spanish national, Messi was eligible to play for the national team of both countries. Selectors for Spain's Under-17 squad began pursuing him in 2003 after Barcelona's director of football, Carles Rexach, alerted the Royal Spanish Football Federation to their young player. Messi declined the offer, having aspired to represent \"La Albiceleste\" since childhood. To further prevent Spain from taking him, the Argentine Football Association organised two under-20 friendlies in June 2004, against Paraguay and Uruguay, with the purpose of finalising his status as an Argentina player in FIFA. Five days after his 17th birthday, on 29","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438254","text":"addition to being the top assist provider with six assists, Messi finished the competition as the joint top scorer with ten goals, which earned him the distinction of being the first player ever to achieve the top scoring mark in five Champions League seasons. For his efforts during the season, he received the UEFA Best Player in Europe award for a second time. Messi opened the 2015–16 season by scoring twice from free kicks in Barcelona's 5–4 victory (after extra time) over Sevilla in the UEFA Super Cup. A subsequent 5–1 aggregate defeat against Athletic Bilbao in the Supercopa de","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"13608260","text":"appearing in an average of 12 games in his first two seasons. In the 2008–09 campaign, Messi had one of the best years as a professional, scoring twice in 27 matches – mainly as a substitute – as the Algarve club returned to the Primeira Liga after 34 years. In January 2010 he left Olhanense and joined G.D. Interclube in Angola, with the Luanda team winning the national championship shortly after. Olhanense Interclube Georges Parfait Mbida Messi Georges Parfait Mbida Messi (born 8 December 1980) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a midfielder. Born in Yaoundé, Messi started playing","title":"Georges Parfait Mbida Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438275","text":"group stage match of the season, setting a new record for most hat-tricks in the competition, with eight. On 20 October, Messi scored and assisted in a 4–2 home win over Sevilla, but was later forced off in the 26th minute after falling awkwardly and injuring his right arm; tests later confirmed that he had fractured his radial bone, ruling him out for approximately three weeks. On 16 December, Messi scored his 43rd career hat-trick, as well as creating two assists, in a 5–0 away win against Levante, securing his 50th goal in 2018 for club and country in the","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438324","text":"predominantly cross balls for teammates. Under Guardiola and subsequent managers, he most often played in a false nine role; positioned as a centre-forward or lone striker, he would roam the centre, often moving deep into midfield and drawing defenders with him, in order to create and exploit spaces for passes, dribbling runs or combinations with Xavi and Iniesta. Under the stewardship of Luis Enrique, Messi initially returned to playing in the right-sided position that characterised much of his early career in the manager's 4–3–3 formation, while he was increasingly deployed in a deeper, free playmaking role in later seasons. Under","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438264","text":"FIFA Men's Player Award. On 11 January, Messi scored from a free-kick in Barcelona's 3–1 victory against Athletic Bilbao in the second leg of the round of 16 of the Copa del Rey, which enabled Barcelona to advance to the quarter-finals of the competition; with his 26th goal from a free-kick for Barcelona in all competitions, he equalled the club's all-time record, which had previously been set by Ronald Koeman. In his next league match, on 14 January, Messi scored in a 5–0 win against Las Palmas; with this goal, he equalled Raúl's record for the most number of teams","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438260","text":"ended a five-match scoring drought with his 500th senior career goal for club and country in Barcelona's 2–1 home loss to Valencia. Messi finished the 2015–16 season by setting up both goals in Barcelona's 2–0 extra time win over Sevilla in the 2016 Copa del Rey Final, at the Vicente Calderón Stadium, on 22 May 2016, as the club celebrated winning the domestic double for the second consecutive season. In total, Messi scored 41 goals and provided 23 assists, as Barcelona's attacking trio managed a Spanish record of 131 goals throughout the season, breaking the record they had set the","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438352","text":"damages, which he donated to the charity Doctors without Borders. Messi's financial affairs came under investigation in 2013 for suspected tax evasion. Offshore companies in tax havens Uruguay and Belize were used to evade €4.1 million in taxes related to sponsorship earnings between 2007 and 2009. An unrelated shell company in Panama, set up in 2012, was subsequently identified as belonging to the Messis in the Panama Papers data leak. Messi, who pleaded ignorance of the alleged scheme, voluntarily paid arrears of €5.1 million in August 2013. On 6 July 2016, Messi and his father were both found guilty of","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438318","text":"and Sergio Agüero's goals in a 4–3 defeat, which saw Argentina eliminated from the World Cup. With his two assists in his team's second round fixture, Messi became the first player to provide an assist in the last four World Cups, and also became the first player to provide two assists in a match for Argentina since Diego Maradona had managed the same feat against South Korea in 1986. Following the tournament, Messi stated that he would not participate in Argentina's friendlies against Guatemala and Colombia in September 2018, and commented that it would be unlikely that he would represent","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438314","text":"Cup for the first time since 1970. On 10 October 2017, Messi led his country to World Cup qualification in scoring a hat-trick as Argentina came from behind to defeat Ecuador 3–1 away; Argentina had not defeated Ecuador in Quito since 2001. Messi's three goals saw him become the joint all-time leading scorer in CONMEBOL World Cup qualifiers with 21 goals, alongside Uruguay's Luis Suárez, overtaking the previous record which was held by compatriot Hernán Crespo. Following on from their poor qualification campaign, salvaged by Messi, expectations were not high going into the 2018 World Cup, with the team, without","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438293","text":"had orchestrated Argentina's Olympic victory. Batista publicly stated that he intended to build the team around Messi, employing him as a false nine within a 4–3–3 system, as used to much success by Barcelona. Although Messi scored a record 53 goals during the 2010–11 club season, he had not scored for Argentina in an official match since March 2009. Despite the tactical change, his goal drought continued during the 2011 Copa América, hosted by Argentina. Their first two matches, against Bolivia and Colombia, ended in draws. Media and fans noted that he did not combine well with striker Carlos Tevez,","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438255","text":"España ended their expressed hopes of a second sextuple, with Messi scoring his side's only goal. On 16 September, he became the youngest player to make 100 appearances in the UEFA Champions League in a 1–1 away draw to Roma. On 26 September, Messi sustained an injury in Barcelona's match against Las Palmas; tests later confirmed that he suffered a tear in the medial collateral ligament of his left knee, ruling him out for six to eight weeks. He finally returned to the pitch on 21 November, making a substitute appearance in Barcelona's 4–0 away win over rivals Real Madrid","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438246","text":"competitions including friendlies, while another hat-trick against Real Madrid on 23 March made him the all-time top scorer in \"El Clásico\", ahead of the 18 goals scored by former Real Madrid player Alfredo Di Stéfano. Messi finished the campaign with his worst output in five seasons, though he still managed to score 41 goals in all competitions. For the first time in five years, Barcelona ended the season without a major trophy; they were defeated in the Copa del Rey final by Real Madrid and lost the league in the last game to Atlético Madrid, causing Messi to be booed","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438241","text":"an assist from Messi. Now in his ninth senior season with Barcelona, Messi signed a new contract on 7 February, committing himself to the club through 2018, while his fixed wage rose to €13 million. He wore the captain's armband for the first time a month later, on 17 March, in a league match against Rayo Vallecano; by then, he had become the team's tactical focal point to a degree that was arguably rivalled only by former Barcelona players Josep Samitier, László Kubala and Johan Cruyff. Since his evolution into a false nine three years earlier, his input into the","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438237","text":"25 May, its 14th title of that period, the team had lost the league to Real Madrid and was eliminated in the Champions League semi-finals by the eventual champions, Chelsea, with Messi sending a crucial second-leg penalty kick against the crossbar. In Barça's last home league match on 5 May, against Espanyol, Messi scored all four goals before approaching the bench to embrace Guardiola, who had announced his resignation as manager. He finished the season as league top scorer in Spain and Europe for a second time, with 50 goals, an all-time La Liga record, while his 73 goals in","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438204","text":"mother moved back to Rosario with his brothers and little sister, María Sol, while he stayed in Barcelona with his father. After a year at Barcelona's youth academy, La Masia, Messi was finally enrolled in the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) in February 2002. Now playing in all competitions, he befriended his teammates, among whom were Cesc Fàbregas and Gerard Piqué. After completing his growth hormone treatment aged 14, Messi became an integral part of the \"Baby Dream Team\", Barcelona's greatest-ever youth side. During his first full season (2002–03), he was top scorer with 36 goals in 30 games for","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438307","text":"minutes, also starting the play which led to Sergio Agüero's goal, as the match ended in a 5–0 victory, sealing Argentina's place in the quarter-finals of the competition; he was elected man of the match for his performance. On 18 June 2016, in the quarter-final of the Copa América against Venezuela, Messi produced another man of the match performance, assisting two goals and scoring another in a 4–1 victory, which enabled him to equal Gabriel Batistuta's national record of 54 goals in official international matches. This record was broken three days later when Messi scored in a 4–0 win in","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438294","text":"who enjoyed greater popularity among the Argentine public; Messi was consequently booed by his own team's supporters for the first time in his career. During the crucial next match, with Tevez on the bench, he gave a well-received performance, assisting two goals in their 3–0 victory over Costa Rica. After the quarter-final against Uruguay ended in a 1–1 draw following extra time, with Messi having assisted their equaliser, Argentina were eliminated 4–5 in the penalty shootout by the eventual champions. After Argentina's unsuccessful performance in the Copa América, Batista was replaced by Alejandro Sabella. Upon his appointment in August 2011,","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438291","text":"last group match, but Messi reportedly refused to be benched. He wore the captain's armband for the first time in their 2–0 win against Greece; as the focal point of their play, he helped create their second goal to see Argentina finish as group winners. In the round of 16, they defeated Mexico 3–1, with Messi assisting their first goal, a controversial strike that stood despite being offside. Argentina were eliminated in the quarter-final against Germany, at the same stage of the tournament and by the same opponent as four years earlier. Their 4–0 loss was their worst margin of","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438274","text":"his first title as Barcelona's captain, the Supercopa de España, following a 2–1 victory over Sevilla; with his 33rd title for the club, he also became the most decorated player in the team's history. On 19 August, Messi scored twice in helping Barcelona defeat Alavés 3–0 in their first La Liga match of the season, with his first goal, a free kick that he rolled under the jumping Alavés wall, making history in being Barcelona's 6000th goal in La Liga. On 18 September, Messi scored a hat-trick in a 4–0 home win over PSV Eindhoven in Barcelona's opening Champions League","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438232","text":"not score, he was again important in the second-leg draw that sent Barcelona through to the Champions League final, where they faced Manchester United in a repeat of the final two years earlier. As the competition's top scorer for the third consecutive year, with 12 goals, Messi gave a man-of-the-match performance at Wembley on 28 May, scoring the match-winning goal of Barça's 3–1 victory. Barcelona won a third consecutive La Liga title. In addition to his 31 goals, Messi was also the league's top assist provider with 18. He finished the season with 53 goals and 24 assists in all","title":"Lionel Messi"},{"psg_id":"5438229","text":"Champions League semi-finals by the eventual champions, Inter Milan, Messi finished the season as top scorer (with 8 goals) for the second consecutive year. As the league's top scorer with 34 goals (again tying Ronaldo's record), he helped Barcelona win a second consecutive La Liga trophy with only a single defeat. Messi secured Barcelona's first trophy of the 2010–11 campaign, the Supercopa de España, by scoring a hat-trick in his side's second-leg 4–0 victory over Sevilla, after a first-leg defeat. Assuming a playmaking role, he was again instrumental in a \"Clásico\" on 29 November 2010, the first with José Mourinho","title":"Lionel Messi"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309291\",\n \"text\": \"kit suppliers of their national teams and the opposite for their clubs. The two highest paid players in football, Messi and Ronaldo are among the world's best paid sports' stars in combined income from salaries, bonuses and off-field earnings. In 2018, Messi edged Ronaldo on \\\"Forbes\\\" list of the best-paid athletes, earning $111 million, with Ronaldo next at $108 million. They have the two biggest social media followings in the world among sportspeople with a combined 211 million Facebook fans in 2016, Ronaldo having 122 million and Messi 89 million. Combining Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, Ronaldo has 321 million followers\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438325\",\n \"text\": \"Valverde, Messi played in a variety of roles. While he occasionally continued to be deployed in a deeper role, from which he could make runs from behind into the box, or even on the right wing or as a false nine, he was also used in a more offensive, central role in a 4–2–3–1, or as a second striker in a 4–4–2 formation, where he was once again given the licence to drop deep, link-up with midfielders, orchestrate his teams attacking plays, and create chances for his attacking partner Suárez. With the Argentina national team, Messi has similarly played anywhere\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438202\",\n \"text\": \"they were also unable to pay for his treatment due to the country's economic collapse. His goalscoring idol growing up was Ronaldo, with Messi calling him “the best forward I’ve ever seen”. As the Messi family had relatives in Catalonia, they sought to arrange a trial with Barcelona in September 2000. First team director Charly Rexach immediately wanted to sign him, but the board of directors hesitated; at the time it was highly unusual for European clubs to sign foreign players of such a young age. On 14 December, an ultimatum was issued for Barcelona to prove their commitment, and\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438289\",\n \"text\": \"position. In eight qualifying matches under Maradona's stewardship, Messi scored only one goal, netting the opening goal in the first such match, a 4–0 victory over Venezuela. During that game, played on 28 March 2009, he wore Argentina's number 10 shirt for the first time, following the international retirement of Riquelme. Overall, Messi scored four goals in 18 appearances during the qualifying process. Ahead of the tournament, Maradona visited Messi in Barcelona to request his tactical input; Messi then outlined a 4–3–1–2 formation with himself playing behind the two strikers, a playmaking position known as the \\\"enganche\\\" in Argentine football,\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20779932\",\n \"text\": \"to him as \\\"kitten.\\\" Messi is regarded by his owners as similar to a domestic dog. He is taken to a local dog training facility to be trained, and has learned around 10 commands. The Dmitrievs walk Messi regularly on a leash, coat, and harness through various environments. Messi has peacefully interacted with neighborhood dogs. Messi is fed twice a day, and his diet mostly consists of raw turkey, beef, and chicken. It costs the Dmitrievs about 630 rubles per day to feed him. The couple regularly bathes Messi in a bathtub and sometimes trims his nails. While Messi often\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (cougar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438349\",\n \"text\": \"children. To celebrate his son's first birthday, in November 2013, Messi and Thiago were part of a publicity campaign to raise awareness of mortality rates among disadvantaged children. In addition to his work with UNICEF, Messi founded his own charitable organisation, the Leo Messi Foundation, which supports access to health care, education, and sport for children. It was established in 2007 following a visit Messi paid to a hospital for terminally ill children in Boston, an experience that resonated with him to the point that he decided to reinvest part of his earnings into society. Through his foundation, Messi has\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309292\",\n \"text\": \"and Messi 181 million, though Messi does not have a Twitter account. In 2007, Ronaldo and Messi finished as runners-up to A.C. Milan's Kaká in both the Ballon d'Or, an award rewarded to the player voted as the best in the world by an international panel of sports journalists; and the FIFA World Player of the Year, an award voted for by coaches and captains of international teams. In an interview that year, Messi was quoted as saying \\\"Cristiano Ronaldo is an extraordinary player and it would be brilliant to be in the same team as him\\\". They first played\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438211\",\n \"text\": \"official competitions. During the 2004–05 season, Messi was a guaranteed starter for the B team, playing 17 games throughout the campaign and scoring on six occasions. Since his debut the previous November, he had not been called up to the first team again, but in October 2004, the senior players asked manager Frank Rijkaard to promote him. Since Ronaldinho already played on the left wing, Rijkaard moved Messi from his usual position onto the right flank (though initially against the player's wishes), allowing him to cut into the centre of the pitch and shoot with his dominant left foot. Messi\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438329\",\n \"text\": \"establishing himself as the greatest player Argentina had produced since Maradona. Jorge Valdano, who won the 1986 World Cup alongside Maradona, said in October 2013, \\\"Messi is Maradona every day. For the last five years, Messi has been the Maradona of the World Cup in Mexico.\\\" César Menotti, who as manager orchestrated their 1978 World Cup victory, echoed this sentiment when he opined that Messi plays \\\"at the level of the best Maradona\\\". Other notable Argentines in the sport, such as Osvaldo Ardiles, Javier Zanetti, and Diego Simeone, have expressed their belief that Messi has overtaken Maradona as the best\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13608259\",\n \"text\": \"Georges Parfait Mbida Messi Georges Parfait Mbida Messi (born 8 December 1980) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a midfielder. Born in Yaoundé, Messi started playing professionally with hometown's Tonnerre Yaoundé and Canon Yaoundé, having an abroad spell in between with Turkish club Çaykur Rizespor, appearing scarcely during the 2000–01 season as the Süper Lig team finished in ninth position. After leaving Canon, he played in Belgium with K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen, but appeared very rarely for the Pro League side. After a few months in Qatar, Messi moved to another country, Portugal, signing for second division's S.C. Olhanense and\",\n \"title\": \"Georges Parfait Mbida Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20779934\",\n \"text\": \"followers, and the YouTube channel has over 50,000 subscribers. Mariya is the manager of the social media accounts. Despite mostly favorable attention on social media, some have criticized the Dmitrievs for keeping Messi under domestic circumstances. Opposers of the domestication of wild animals fear that Messi's wild needs will not be met, and that once Messi reaches sexual maturity he may become more prone to dangerous behavior. They advise the Dmitrievs to send Messi to a wildlife reserve or sanctuary. The Dmitrievs, however, believe that Messi would not be able to survive in a wild setting. Also, while the couple\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (cougar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20779931\",\n \"text\": \"adopting Messi. Messi was sickly at the time of his adoption, so the Dmitrievs worked to nurse him to decent health. Messi lives with Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev in a small studio apartment in Penza. The hallway of the apartment was modified and was designated as Messi's play area. Toys include empty bottles and balls. The couple also owns a sphynx cat named Kira, but the cat does not tend to take kindly to Messi's company, so the two are kept separated. Messi has a gentle and calm personality, and has never before attacked a person. The Dmitrievs sometimes refer\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (cougar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438309\",\n \"text\": \"international football. Sources reported that other Argentine players – Sergio Agüero, Javier Mascherano, Gonzalo Higuaín, Lucas Biglia, Éver Banega, Ezequiel Lavezzi and Ángel Di María – could follow their captain in retiring from international football. Chile coach Juan Antonio Pizzi said after the match, \\\"My generation can't compare him to Maradona that's for my generation, because of what Maradona did for Argentine football. But I think the best player ever played today here in the United States.\\\" Messi finished the tournament as the second highest scorer, behind Eduardo Vargas, with five goals, and was the highest assist provider with four\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309300\",\n \"text\": \"did not think it was the end for them. In recent years, it has been said that the rivalry between Real Madrid and Barcelona has been \\\"encapsulated\\\" by the individual rivalry between Ronaldo and Messi, with neither player ever participating in a goalless \\\"El Clásico\\\". Messi–Ronaldo rivalry The Messi–Ronaldo rivalry is a football rivalry between fans of Argentinian forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo and supposedly between the athletes themselves. Having won a combined ten Ballon d'Or/FIFA Ballon d'Or awards (5 each), both are widely regarded not only as the two best players of their generation, but also\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438342\",\n \"text\": \"was 20, Messi has been in a relationship with Antonella Roccuzzo, a fellow native of Rosario. He has known Roccuzzo since he was five years old, as she is the cousin of his best friend since childhood, Lucas Scaglia, who is also a football player. After keeping their relationship private for a year, Messi first confirmed their romance in an interview in January 2009, before going public a month later during a carnival in Sitges after the Barcelona–Espanyol derby. Messi and Roccuzzo have three sons: Thiago (born 2012), Mateo (born 2015) and Ciro (born 2018). To celebrate his partner's first\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438332\",\n \"text\": \"an economic crisis, it was reported that three of the national team's security staff told Messi that they haven't been given their salaries for six months. He stepped in and paid the salaries of the three members. Among his contemporary peers, Messi is most often compared and contrasted with Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo, as part of an ongoing rivalry that has been compared to past sports rivalries like the Muhammad Ali–Joe Frazier rivalry in boxing, the Björn Borg–John McEnroe rivalry in tennis, and the Ayrton Senna–Alain Prost rivalry from Formula One. Although Messi has at times denied any rivalry, they\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20779935\",\n \"text\": \"discourages big cat domestication in general, they believe that Messi is a special case due to his calm personality and his health condition. Messi (cougar) Messi (Russian: Месси, born 2015) is a pet cougar owned by the Russian couple Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev. The couple lives with Messi in a studio apartment in the city of Penza, Russia. Messi was adopted by the couple in 2016 from a local petting zoo. In 2017, the Dmitrievs started an Instagram account and a YouTube channel for Messi, and these became very popular by 2018. Messi was born in late 2015 in a\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (cougar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20779928\",\n \"text\": \"Messi (cougar) Messi (Russian: Месси, born 2015) is a pet cougar owned by the Russian couple Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev. The couple lives with Messi in a studio apartment in the city of Penza, Russia. Messi was adopted by the couple in 2016 from a local petting zoo. In 2017, the Dmitrievs started an Instagram account and a YouTube channel for Messi, and these became very popular by 2018. Messi was born in late 2015 in a zoo at Saransk, Mordovia, Russia. He was one of three newborn cougars at the zoo to be named after professional football players for\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (cougar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438206\",\n \"text\": \"join Arsenal, his first from a foreign club, but while Fàbregas and Piqué soon left for England, he chose to remain in Barcelona. During the 2003–04 season, his fourth with Barcelona, Messi rapidly progressed through the club's ranks, debuting for a record five teams in a single campaign. After being named player of the tournament in four international pre-season competitions with the \\\"Juveniles\\\" B, he played only one official match with the team before being promoted to the \\\"Juveniles A\\\", where he scored 18 goals in 11 league games. Messi was then one of several youth players called up to\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438328\",\n \"text\": \"predominant view among insiders in continental Europe. A frequent dismissal, however, has centred on the fact that Messi has not won the FIFA World Cup with Argentina, leading some in the sport to instead cite him as the best club player in history. Throughout his career, Messi has been compared with his compatriot Diego Maradona, due to their similar playing styles as diminutive, left-footed dribblers. Initially, he was merely one of many young Argentine players, including his boyhood idol Pablo Aimar, to receive the \\\"New Maradona\\\" moniker, but as his career progressed, Messi proved his similarity beyond all previous contenders,\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438193\",\n \"text\": \"Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini (; born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains both Barcelona and the Argentina national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as one of the greatest players of all time, Messi has won a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, four of which he won consecutively, and a record five European Golden Shoes. He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won 33 trophies, including nine La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and six\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438305\",\n \"text\": \"players, including taking a boot to the midriff, Messi played below his standards, though he was the only Argentine to successfully convert his penalty. At the close of the tournament, he was reportedly selected to receive the Most Valuable Player award but rejected the honour. As Argentina continued a trophy drought that began in 1993, the World Cup and Copa América defeats again brought intense criticism for Messi from Argentine media and fans. Messi's place in Argentina's Copa América Centenario squad was initially put in jeopardy when he sustained a back injury in a 1–0 friendly win over Honduras in\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438268\",\n \"text\": \"Champions League. On 19 September, Messi found the net four times in a 6–1 trashing of Eibar at the Camp Nou in La Liga. Three weeks later, on 1 October, Messi surpassed his former teammate Carles Puyol to become the third highest appearance maker in the club's history, as he helped \\\"Barça\\\" defeat Las Palmas 3–0 by assisting Sergio Busquets' opener and later adding two himself in his 594th official game for the club; the league game was played behind closed doors at the Camp Nou due to violence in Catalonia relating to an ongoing independence referendum. On 18 October,\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438345\",\n \"text\": \"family members, particularly his mother, Celia, whose face he has tattooed on his left shoulder. His professional affairs are largely run as a family business: his father, Jorge, has been his agent since he was 14, and his oldest brother, Rodrigo, handles his daily schedule and publicity. His mother and other brother, Matías, manage his charitable organisation, the Leo Messi Foundation, and take care of personal and professional matters in Rosario. Since leaving for Spain at age 13, Messi has maintained close ties to his hometown of Rosario, even preserving his distinct Rosarino accent. He has kept ownership of his\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438353\",\n \"text\": \"tax fraud and were handed suspended 21-month prison sentences and respectively ordered to pay €1.7 million and €1.4 million in fines. Facing the judge, he said, \\\"I just played football. I signed the contracts because I trusted my dad and the lawyers and we had decided that they would take charge of those things.\\\" Barcelona Notes Citations Bibliography Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini (; born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains both Barcelona and the Argentina national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438283\",\n \"text\": \"their progression to the knockout phase was secured, several starters were rested during the last group match. Messi consequently started the game against the Netherlands, a 0–0 draw, as they won their group on goal differential. In the round of 16 match against Mexico, played on his 19th birthday, Messi came on in the 84th minute, with the score tied at 1–1. He appeared to score a goal, but it was contentiously ruled offside, with the team needing a late goal in extra time to proceed. He did not play in the quarter-final against Germany, during which Argentina were eliminated\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438231\",\n \"text\": \"his win to the votes from the international coaches and captains. Towards the end of the season, Barcelona played four \\\"Clásicos\\\" in the span of 18 days. A league match on 16 April ended in a draw after a penalty from Messi. After Barcelona lost the Copa del Rey final four days later, Messi scored both goals in his side's 2–0 win in the first leg of the Champions League semi-finals in Madrid, the second of which – a slaloming dribble past three Real players – was acclaimed as one of the best ever in the competition. Although he did\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438225\",\n \"text\": \"Madrid's Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. Returning to the wing, he played his first final since breaking into the first team on 13 May, scoring once and assisting a second goal as Barcelona defeated Athletic Bilbao 4–1 to win the Copa del Rey. With 23 league goals from Messi that season, Barcelona became La Liga champions three days later and achieved its fifth double. As the season's Champions League top scorer with nine goals, the youngest in the tournament's history, Messi scored two goals and assisted two more to ensure a 4–0 quarter-final victory over Bayern Munich. He returned as a false\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438320\",\n \"text\": \"of gravity and resulting balance, aids him in withstanding physical challenges from opponents; he has consequently been noted for his lack of diving in a sport rife with playacting. His short, strong legs allow him to excel in short bursts of acceleration while his quick feet enable him to retain control of the ball when dribbling at speed. His former Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola once stated, \\\"Messi is the only player that runs faster with the ball than he does without it.\\\" Although he has improved his ability with his weaker foot since his mid-20s, Messi is predominantly a left-footed\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438319\",\n \"text\": \"his nation for the remainder of the calendar year. Messi's absence from the national team and his continued failure to win a title with Argentina prompted speculation in the media that Messi might retire from international football once again. Due to his short stature, Messi has a lower centre of gravity than taller players, which gives him greater agility, allowing him to change direction more quickly and evade opposing tackles; this has led the Spanish media to dub him \\\"La Pulga Atómica\\\" (\\\"The Atomic Flea\\\"). Despite being physically unimposing, he possesses significant upper-body strength, which, combined with his low centre\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438256\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"El Clásico\\\". Messi capped off the year by winning the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Final on 20 December, collecting his fifth club trophy of 2015 as Barcelona went on to defeat River Plate 3–0 in Yokohama. Messi also won the tournament's Silver Ball, despite missing the semi-final. On 30 December, Messi scored on his 500th appearance for Barcelona, in a 4–0 home win over Real Betis. On 6 January 2016, recording Barcelona's first goal of the new year, Messi scored two goals and assisted the other two in a 4–1 derby win over Espanyol at the Camp Nou,\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20122211\",\n \"text\": \"Messi (2017 film) Messi is a 2017 Bengali football film directed by Riingo Banerjee and made under Macneill Engineering studio. The title is a reference to Argentine footballer Lionel Messi. \\\"Messi\\\" is a story about two brothers. The elder brother Prosun doesn’t do anything except loitering around with his girlfriend and fixing local football matches for his brother from whom he gets a share of winning money. The younger brother Chotu, who wears the jersey titled \\\"Messi\\\", is highly gifted in football (soccer) skills. He is the pride of his family and the hope of their father who once used\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438194\",\n \"text\": \"Copas del Rey. Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (397), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (26), as well as those for most assists in La Liga (159) and the Copa América (11). He has scored over 660 senior career goals for club and country. Born and raised in central Argentina, Messi was diagnosed with a growth hormone deficiency as a child. At age 13, he relocated to Spain to join Barcelona, who agreed\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20779933\",\n \"text\": \"urinates outside, he also urinates in the tub when inside. The couple plans to move to a bigger house in the near future, and also plans to adopt a leopard as a companion for Messi. In 2017, the Dmitrievs started an Instagram account and YouTube channel for Messi, both called \\\"I_am_puma\\\". Pictures and videos published to these social media accounts show various aspects of daily life with the cougar. Messi's social media accounts quickly skyrocketed in popularity; by January 2018, the Instagram account already had almost 150,000 followers and over 50 million views. The Instagram account currently has over 400,000\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (cougar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438200\",\n \"text\": \"joined local club Grandoli, where he was coached by his father, though his earliest influence as a player came from his maternal grandmother, Celia, who accompanied him to training and matches. He was greatly affected by her death, shortly before his eleventh birthday; since then, as a devout Catholic, he has celebrated his goals by looking up and pointing to the sky in tribute of his grandmother. A lifelong supporter of Newell's Old Boys, Messi joined the Rosario club when he was six years old. During the six years he played for Newell's, he scored almost 500 goals as a\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438312\",\n \"text\": \"the same slogan. Just a week after Messi announced his international retirement, Argentine newspaper \\\"La Nación\\\" reported that he was reconsidering playing for Argentina at the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers in September. On 12 August, it was confirmed that Messi had reversed his decision to retire from international football, and he was included in the squad for the national team's upcoming 2018 World Cup qualifiers. On 1 September 2016, in his first game back, he scored in a 1–0 home win over Uruguay in a 2018 World Cup qualifier. On 28 March 2017, Messi was suspended for four international\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438239\",\n \"text\": \"in La Liga, and Gerd Müller's record of most goals scored in a calendar year, overtaking his 85 goals scored in 1972 for Bayern Munich and Germany. Messi sent Müller a number 10 Barcelona shirt, signed \\\"with respect and admiration\\\", after breaking his 40-year record. At the close of the year, Messi had scored a record 91 goals in all competitions for Barcelona and Argentina. Although FIFA did not acknowledge the achievement, citing verifiability issues, he received the \\\"Guinness World Records\\\" title for most goals scored in a calendar year. As the odds-on favourite, Messi again won the FIFA Ballon\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20779930\",\n \"text\": \"Furthermore, workers at the petting zoo originally planned to euthanize him. In 2016, Alexandr and Mariya Dmitriev visited the Penza zoo and met Messi for the first time. The couple experienced \\\"love at first sight,\\\" and noticed Messi's exceptionally gentle personality. The Dmitrievs considered adopting Messi as a pet, and deliberated for a few days, discussing together the morality and logistics of keeping this animal. The couple made the final decision to adopt Messi from the petting zoo. Alexandr later told MailOnline that he had always dreamed of owning a big cat, particularly a lynx, which was a motivation for\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (cougar)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20122212\",\n \"text\": \"to be a football coach. While attending one such match which Prosun arranges for Chotu, an accident happens and Chotu is left physically disadvantaged for life. The unfortunate incident fills Prosun with unfathomed guilt, and to get rid of this guilt he attempts to achieve the impossible. He attempts to step into his brother’s shoes. Messi (2017 film) Messi is a 2017 Bengali football film directed by Riingo Banerjee and made under Macneill Engineering studio. The title is a reference to Argentine footballer Lionel Messi. \\\"Messi\\\" is a story about two brothers. The elder brother Prosun doesn’t do anything except\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438337\",\n \"text\": \"Adidas boots, the Adidas Messi. As a commercial entity, Messi's marketing brand has been based exclusively on his talents and achievements as a player, in contrast to arguably more glamorous players like Cristiano Ronaldo and David Beckham. At the start of his career, he thus mainly held sponsorship contracts with companies that employ sports-oriented marketing, such as Adidas, Pepsi, and Konami. From 2010 onwards, concurrently with his increased achievements as a player, his marketing appeal widened, leading to long-term endorsement deals with luxury brands Dolce & Gabbana and Audemars Piguet. Messi is also a global brand ambassador for Gillette, Turkish\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438280\",\n \"text\": \"a friendly against Hungary on 17 August 2005. Aged 18, Messi made his senior debut for Argentina in the Ferenc Puskás Stadium when he came on in the 63rd minute, only to be sent off after two minutes for a perceived foul against Vilmos Vanczák, who had grabbed his shirt; Messi had struck the defender with his arm while trying to shake him off, which the referee interpreted as an intentional elbowing, a contentious decision. Messi was reportedly found weeping in the dressing room after his sending-off. He returned to the team on 3 September in their World Cup qualifier\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438269\",\n \"text\": \"in his 122nd European club appearance, Messi scored his 97th UEFA Champions League goal, and his 100th in all UEFA club competitions, in a 3–1 home victory over Olympiakos. Messi became only the second player after Cristiano Ronaldo to reach this century milestone, but accomplished it in 21 fewer appearances than the Portuguese counterpart. On 23 October, Messi finished as the runner-up behind Cristiano Ronaldo in 2017 Best FIFA Men's Player award for the second consecutive year. On 4 November, he made his 600th appearance for Barcelona in a 2–1 home win over Sevilla in La Liga. Following the reception\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438196\",\n \"text\": \"d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award by record voting margins. Three successful seasons followed, with Messi winning three consecutive FIFA Ballons d'Or, including an unprecedented fourth. His best campaign statistically to date was the 2011–12 season, in which he set the La Liga and European records for most goals scored in a single season, while establishing himself as Barcelona's all-time top scorer in official competitions in March 2012. The following two seasons, Messi finished twice second for the Ballon d'Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo, his perceived career rival. Messi regained his best form during the 2014–15 campaign, breaking\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438315\",\n \"text\": \"an injured Messi, losing 6–1 to Spain in March 2018. Prior to Argentina's opener, there was speculation in the media over whether this would be Messi's final World Cup. In the team's opening group match against Iceland on 16 June, Messi missed a potential match-winning penalty in an eventual 1–1 draw. In Argentina’s second game of the 2018 World Cup on 21 June, the team lost 3–0 to Croatia. Post match the Argentina coach Jorge Sampaoli spoke of the lack of quality in the team surrounding Messi, “the reality of the Argentina squad clouds his [Messi’s] brilliance\\\". Messi had just\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438295\",\n \"text\": \"Sabella awarded the 24-year-old Messi the captaincy of the squad, in accord with then-captain Javier Mascherano. Reserved by nature, Messi went on to lead his squad by example as their best player, while Mascherano continued to fulfil the role of the team's on-field leader and motivator. In a further redesign of the team, Sabella dismissed Tevez and brought in players with whom Messi had won the World Youth Championship and Olympic Games. Now playing in a free role in an improving team, Messi ended his goal drought by scoring during their first World Cup qualifying match against Chile on 7\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438350\",\n \"text\": \"awarded research grants, financed medical training, and invested in the development of medical centres and projects in Argentina, Spain, and elsewhere in the world. In addition to his own fundraising activities, such as his global \\\"Messi and Friends\\\" football matches, his foundation receives financial support from various companies to which he has assigned his name in endorsement agreements, with Adidas as their main sponsor. Messi has also invested in youth football in Argentina: he financially supports Sarmiento, a football club based in the Rosario neighbourhood where he was born, committing in 2013 to the refurbishment of their facilities and the\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438347\",\n \"text\": \"were fellow members of \\\"The Machine of '87\\\" at Newell's Old Boys. He currently lives in Castelldefels, a village near Barcelona. Although considered a one-club man, he has long planned to return to Rosario to end his playing career at Newell's. He was on bad terms with the club after his transfer to Barcelona, but by 2012 their public feud had ended, with Newell's embracing their ties with Messi, even issuing a club membership card to his newborn son. Throughout his career, Messi has been involved in charitable efforts aimed at vulnerable children, a commitment that stems in part from\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438303\",\n \"text\": \"2–2 draw; Messi had scored from a penalty kick, netting his only goal in the tournament. Following a 1–0 win against defending champions Uruguay, Messi earned his 100th cap for his country in the final group match, a 1–0 win over Jamaica, becoming only the fifth Argentine to achieve this milestone. In his 100 appearances, he had scored a total of 46 goals for Argentina, 22 of which came in official competitive matches. As Messi evolved from the team's symbolic captain into a genuine leader, he led Argentina to the knockout stage as group winners. In the quarter-final, they created\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438266\",\n \"text\": \"for Paco Alcácer in the 2017 Copa del Rey Final, helping Barcelona to a 3–1 victory over Alavés, and was named Man of the Match. In total, Messi finished the 2016–17 season with 54 goals and 16 assists, while his 37 goals in La Liga saw him claim both the Pichichi and European Golden Boot Awards for the fourth time in his career. Messi opened the 2017–18 season by converting a penalty in Barcelona's 1–3 first leg home defeat to Real Madrid in Supercopa de España. Thereby, Messi also extended his El Clásico goalscoring record with the goal being his\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438265\",\n \"text\": \"scored against in La Liga (35). On 4 February, Messi scored his 27th free-kick for Barcelona in a 3–0 home win over Athletic Bilbao in the league, overtaking Koeman as the club's all-time top-scorer from free-kicks. On 23 April, Messi scored twice in a 3–2 away win over Real Madrid. His game-winning goal in stoppage time was his 500th for Barcelona. His memorable celebration saw him taking off his Barcelona shirt and holding it up to incensed Real Madrid fans – with his name and number facing the crowd. On 27 May, Messi scored a goal and set up another\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438343\",\n \"text\": \"pregnancy, Messi placed the ball under his shirt after scoring in Argentina's 4–0 win against Ecuador on 2 June 2012, before confirming the pregnancy in an interview two weeks later. Thiago was born in Barcelona on 2 November 2012, with Messi attending the birth after being given permission by Barcelona to miss training. He announced his son's arrival on his Facebook page, writing, \\\"Today I am the happiest man in the world, my son was born and thanks to God for this gift!\\\" Thiago's name and handprints are tattooed on his left calf. In April 2015, Messi confirmed on Facebook\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438278\",\n \"text\": \"Aware of his physical limitations, Messi employed a personal trainer to increase his muscle mass, returning to the squad in an improved condition in time for the World Youth Championship, hosted by the Netherlands in June 2005. After he was left out of the starting line-up in their first match against the United States, a 1–0 defeat, the squad's senior players asked manager Francisco Ferraro to let Messi start, as they considered him their best player. After helping the team defeat Egypt and Germany to progress past the group stage, Messi proved decisive in the knockout phase as he scored\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438273\",\n \"text\": \"Sevilla in the 2018 Copa del Rey Final, later also setting up Suárez's second goal; this was Barcelona's fourth consecutive title and their 30th overall. On 29 April, Messi scored a hat-trick in a 4–2 away win over Deportivo de La Coruña, which saw Barcelona claim their 25th league title. On 9 May, Messi scored as Barcelona defeated Villarreal 5–1 to set the longest unbeaten streak (43 games) in La Liga history. With the departure of former captain Andrés Iniesta in May 2018, Messi was named the team's new captain for the following season. On 12 August 2018, he lifted\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438263\",\n \"text\": \"City 4–0. On 1 November, Messi scored his 54th Champions League group stage goal in Barcelona's 3–1 away loss to Manchester City, surpassing the previous record of 53 goals held by Raúl. On 12 November, Messi placed second in the 2016 Ballon d'Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo, who claimed the award for the fourth time. He finished the year with 51 goals, making him Europe's top scorer, one ahead of Zlatan Ibrahimović. After placing second in the 2016 Ballon d'Or, on 9 January 2017 Messi also finished in second place – behind Cristiano Ronaldo once again – in the 2016 Best\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438249\",\n \"text\": \"to be headed for another disappointing end to the season, with renewed speculation in the media that Messi was leaving the club. A turning point came on 11 January during a 3–1 victory over Atlético Madrid, the first time Barça's attacking trident of Messi, Luis Suárez and Neymar, dubbed \\\"MSN\\\", each scored in a match, marking the beginning of a highly successful run. After five years of playing in the centre of the pitch, Messi had returned to his old position on the right wing late the previous year, by his own suggestion according to Suárez, their striker. From there,\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438214\",\n \"text\": \"loan Messi, a bid to buy him came from Inter Milan, who were willing to pay his €150 million buyout clause and triple his wages. According to then-president Joan Laporta, it was the only time the club faced a real risk of losing Messi, but he ultimately decided to stay. On 16 September, his contract was updated for the second time in three months and extended to 2014. Due to issues regarding his legal status in the Royal Spanish Football Federation, Messi missed the start of La Liga, but on 26 September, he acquired Spanish citizenship and became eligible to\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438267\",\n \"text\": \"24th official and 25th overall. On 27 August, Messi scored his first two goals of the 2017–18 La Liga season in a 2–0 away win over Alavés. Messi's first goal marked his 350th in the fixture, becoming the first player ever to achieve this milestone. On 9 September, Messi scored his first hat-trick of the 2017–18 league campaign, against Espanyol in derbi barceloní, thus helping to secure a 5–0 home victory for Blaugrana over local rivals. Messi netted twice against Gianluigi Buffon, on 12 September, as \\\"Barça\\\" defeated the last season's Italian champions Juventus 3–0 at home in the UEFA\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438224\",\n \"text\": \"season under Barcelona's new manager, former captain Pep Guardiola, Messi played mainly on the right wing, like he had under Rijkaard, though this time as a false winger with the freedom to cut inside and roam the centre. During the \\\"Clásico\\\" on 2 May 2009, however, he played for the first time as a false nine, positioned as a centre-forward but dropping deep into midfield to link up with Xavi and Andrés Iniesta. He assisted with a chip his side's first goal and scored twice to end the match in an emphatic 6–2 victory, the team's greatest-ever score at Real\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438333\",\n \"text\": \"are widely believed to push one another in their aim to be the best player in the world: since 2008, both players have won five Ballons d'Or while Messi has five European Golden Shoes to Ronaldo’s four. Pundits and fans regularly argue the individual merits of both players; beyond their playing styles, the debate also revolves around their differing physiques—Ronaldo is with a muscular build—and contrasting public personalities, with Ronaldo's self-confidence and theatrics a foil to Messi's humility. From 2009–10 to 2017–18 Messi faced Ronaldo at least twice every season in \\\"El Clásico\\\", which ranks among the world's most viewed\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438326\",\n \"text\": \"along the frontline; under various managers, he has been employed on the right wing, as a false nine, as an out-and-out striker, alongside another forward, or in a deeper, free creative role as a classic number 10 playmaker or attacking midfielder behind the strikers. A prodigious talent as a teenager, Messi established himself among the world's best players before age 20. Diego Maradona considered the 18-year-old Messi the best player in the world alongside Ronaldinho, while the Brazilian himself, shortly after winning the Ballon d'Or, commented, \\\"I'm not even the best at Barça,\\\" in reference to his protégé. Four years\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18456205\",\n \"text\": \"film was produced by Mediapro and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. After the film's premiere during the Venice Film Festival in 2014, Andrew Barker of \\\"Variety\\\" wrote that \\\"the film is well shot and very briskly edited\\\" and praised the choice to include figures throughout Messi's career and to not include Messi himself, but complained that they \\\"never interact in particularly interesting ways\\\" and also highlighted the lack of insight into his character. Messi (2014 film) Messi is a 2014 documentary film directed by Álex de la Iglesia. The film explores the rise of Argentine footballer Lionel Messi, who currently\",\n \"title\": \"Messi (2014 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438341\",\n \"text\": \"release, receiving 137 million views, and was subsequently voted the best advertisement of the 2005–15 decade to commemorate YouTube's founding. World Press Photo selected \\\"The Final Game\\\", a photograph of Messi facing the World Cup trophy after Argentina's final defeat to Germany, as the best sports image of 2014. \\\"Messi\\\", a documentary about his life by filmmaker Álex de la Iglesia, premiered at the Venice Film Festival in August 2014. Born in a zoo at Saransk, Mordovia, Russia in late 2015, Messi, a pet cougar who became popular on social media, was named after the player. Since 2008, when he\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438330\",\n \"text\": \"player in history. In Argentine society, Messi is generally held in lesser esteem than Maradona, a consequence of not only his perceived uneven performances with the national team, but also of differences in class, personality, and background. Messi is in some ways the antithesis of his predecessor: where Maradona was an extroverted, controversial character who rose to greatness from the slums, Messi is reserved and unassuming, an unremarkable man outside of football. An enduring mark against him is the fact that, although through no fault of his own, he never proved himself in the Argentine Primera División as an upcoming\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438300\",\n \"text\": \"1990. Following a 0–0 draw in extra time, they eliminated the Netherlands 4–2 in a penalty shootout to reach the final, with Messi scoring his team's first penalty. Billed as Messi versus Germany, the world's best player against the best team, the final was a repeat of the 1990 final featuring Diego Maradona. Within the first half-hour, Messi had started the play that led to a goal, but it was ruled offside. He missed several opportunities to open the scoring throughout the match, in particular at the start of the second half when his breakaway effort went wide of the\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438286\",\n \"text\": \"the final 3–0 to a Brazil squad that lacked several of the nation's best players. Their unexpected loss was followed by much criticism in Argentina, though Messi was mostly exempt due to his young age and secondary status to star player Juan Román Riquelme. He was named the best young player of the tournament by CONMEBOL. Ahead of the 2008 Summer Olympics, Barcelona legally barred Messi from representing Argentina at the tournament as it coincided with their Champions League qualifying matches. After interference from newly appointed Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola, who had won the tournament in 1992, Messi was permitted\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438227\",\n \"text\": \"to achieve the sextuple, winning six top-tier trophies in a single year. After victories in the Supercopa de España and UEFA Super Cup in August, Barcelona won the FIFA Club World Cup against Estudiantes de La Plata on 19 December, with Messi scoring the winning 2–1 goal with his chest. At 22 years old, Messi won the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award, both times by the greatest voting margin in each trophy's history. Unsatisfied with his position on the right wing, Messi resumed playing as a false nine in early 2010, beginning with a\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438304\",\n \"text\": \"numerous chances, including a rebound header by Messi, but were repeatedly denied by Colombia's goalkeeper, and ultimately ended the match scoreless, leading to a 5–4 penalty shootout in their favour, with Messi netting his team's first spot kick. At the semi-final stage, Messi excelled as playmaker as he provided three assists and helped create three more goals in his side's 6–1 victory over Paraguay, receiving applause from the initially hostile crowd. Argentina started the final as the odds-on title favourites, but were defeated by Chile 4–1 in a penalty shootout after an 0–0 extra-time draw. Faced with aggression from opposing\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309296\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"only the media, the press, who wants us to be at loggerheads but I've never fought with Cristiano\\\". However, it is widely argued and documented that there's an atmosphere of tension between the duo, with Guillem Balagué claiming in \\\"Messi\\\" that Ronaldo refers to the Argentine counterpart as \\\"motherfucker\\\" behind his back, and Luca Caioli saying in his book, \\\"Ronaldo: The Obsession for Perfection\\\", that according to his sources, Ronaldo heats up when watching Messi play. In response to claims that he and Messi do not get on well on a personal level, Ronaldo commented: \\\"We don't have a relationship\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309288\",\n \"text\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry The Messi–Ronaldo rivalry is a football rivalry between fans of Argentinian forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo and supposedly between the athletes themselves. Having won a combined ten Ballon d'Or/FIFA Ballon d'Or awards (5 each), both are widely regarded not only as the two best players of their generation, but also regarded by many as the greatest of all time. Both players have regularly broken the 50 goal barrier in a single season and have scored over 600 goals each in their careers for club and country. Sports journalists and pundits regularly argue the individual merits\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438310\",\n \"text\": \"assists, also winning more Man of the Match awards than any other player in the tournament (3); he was named to the team of the tournament for his performances, but missed out on the Golden Ball Award for best player, which went to Alexis Sánchez. Following his announcement, a campaign began in Argentina for Messi to change his mind about retiring. He was greeted by fans with signs like \\\"Don't go, Leo\\\" when the team landed in Buenos Aires. President of Argentina Mauricio Macri urged Messi not to quit, stating, \\\"We are lucky, it is one of life's pleasures, it\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438270\",\n \"text\": \"of his fourth Golden Boot, Messi signed a new deal with Barcelona on 25 November, keeping him with the club through the 2020–21 season. His buyout clause was set at €700 million. On 7 January 2018, Messi made his 400th La Liga appearance with Barcelona in a 3–0 home win over Levante, marking the occasion with his 144th league assist and 365th league goal for the club, the latter of which saw him equal Gerd Müller's record for the most league goals scored for the same club in one of Europe's top five divisions. A week later, he broke the\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438195\",\n \"text\": \"to pay for his medical treatment. After a fast progression through Barcelona's youth academy, Messi made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004. Despite being injury-prone during his early career, he established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years, finishing 2007 as a finalist for both the Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year award, a feat he repeated the following year. His first uninterrupted campaign came in the 2008–09 season, during which he helped Barcelona achieve the first treble in Spanish football. At 22 years old, Messi won the Ballon\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309298\",\n \"text\": \"itself has been described as one about records and reputation of the players, rather than one based in loathing. Ronaldo is the UEFA Champions League all-time top goalscorer while Messi is second. The two had broken each other's record over the course of 2015 after Messi surpassed the previous record holder Raúl in November 2014. Ronaldo opened a gap in the 2015–16 season when he became the first player to score double figures in the group stage of the Champions League, setting the record at 11 goals. They are the first two players to score 100 goals in UEFA Champions\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438351\",\n \"text\": \"installation of all-weather pitches, and funds the management of several youth players at Newell's Old Boys and rival club Rosario Central, as well as at River Plate and Boca Juniors in Buenos Aires. At Newell's Old Boys, his boyhood club, he funded the 2012 construction of a new gymnasium and a dormitory inside the club's stadium for their youth academy. His former youth coach at Newell's, Ernesto Vecchio, is employed by the Leo Messi Foundation as a talent scout for young players. On 7 June 2016, Messi won a libel case against \\\"La Razón\\\" newspaper and was awarded €65,000 in\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438288\",\n \"text\": \"in the final as Argentina defeated Nigeria to claim Olympic gold medals. Along with Riquelme, Messi was singled out by FIFA as the stand-out player from the tournament's best team. From late 2008, the national team experienced a three-year period marked by poor performances. Under manager Diego Maradona, who had led Argentina to World Cup victory as a player, the team struggled to qualify for the 2010 World Cup, securing their place in the tournament only after defeating Uruguay 1–0 in their last qualifying match. Maradona was criticised for his strategic decisions, which included playing Messi out of his usual\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438276\",\n \"text\": \"process. As a dual Argentine-Spanish national, Messi was eligible to play for the national team of both countries. Selectors for Spain's Under-17 squad began pursuing him in 2003 after Barcelona's director of football, Carles Rexach, alerted the Royal Spanish Football Federation to their young player. Messi declined the offer, having aspired to represent \\\"La Albiceleste\\\" since childhood. To further prevent Spain from taking him, the Argentine Football Association organised two under-20 friendlies in June 2004, against Paraguay and Uruguay, with the purpose of finalising his status as an Argentina player in FIFA. Five days after his 17th birthday, on 29\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438254\",\n \"text\": \"addition to being the top assist provider with six assists, Messi finished the competition as the joint top scorer with ten goals, which earned him the distinction of being the first player ever to achieve the top scoring mark in five Champions League seasons. For his efforts during the season, he received the UEFA Best Player in Europe award for a second time. Messi opened the 2015–16 season by scoring twice from free kicks in Barcelona's 5–4 victory (after extra time) over Sevilla in the UEFA Super Cup. A subsequent 5–1 aggregate defeat against Athletic Bilbao in the Supercopa de\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13608260\",\n \"text\": \"appearing in an average of 12 games in his first two seasons. In the 2008–09 campaign, Messi had one of the best years as a professional, scoring twice in 27 matches – mainly as a substitute – as the Algarve club returned to the Primeira Liga after 34 years. In January 2010 he left Olhanense and joined G.D. Interclube in Angola, with the Luanda team winning the national championship shortly after. Olhanense Interclube Georges Parfait Mbida Messi Georges Parfait Mbida Messi (born 8 December 1980) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a midfielder. Born in Yaoundé, Messi started playing\",\n \"title\": \"Georges Parfait Mbida Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438275\",\n \"text\": \"group stage match of the season, setting a new record for most hat-tricks in the competition, with eight. On 20 October, Messi scored and assisted in a 4–2 home win over Sevilla, but was later forced off in the 26th minute after falling awkwardly and injuring his right arm; tests later confirmed that he had fractured his radial bone, ruling him out for approximately three weeks. On 16 December, Messi scored his 43rd career hat-trick, as well as creating two assists, in a 5–0 away win against Levante, securing his 50th goal in 2018 for club and country in the\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438324\",\n \"text\": \"predominantly cross balls for teammates. Under Guardiola and subsequent managers, he most often played in a false nine role; positioned as a centre-forward or lone striker, he would roam the centre, often moving deep into midfield and drawing defenders with him, in order to create and exploit spaces for passes, dribbling runs or combinations with Xavi and Iniesta. Under the stewardship of Luis Enrique, Messi initially returned to playing in the right-sided position that characterised much of his early career in the manager's 4–3–3 formation, while he was increasingly deployed in a deeper, free playmaking role in later seasons. Under\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438264\",\n \"text\": \"FIFA Men's Player Award. On 11 January, Messi scored from a free-kick in Barcelona's 3–1 victory against Athletic Bilbao in the second leg of the round of 16 of the Copa del Rey, which enabled Barcelona to advance to the quarter-finals of the competition; with his 26th goal from a free-kick for Barcelona in all competitions, he equalled the club's all-time record, which had previously been set by Ronald Koeman. In his next league match, on 14 January, Messi scored in a 5–0 win against Las Palmas; with this goal, he equalled Raúl's record for the most number of teams\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438260\",\n \"text\": \"ended a five-match scoring drought with his 500th senior career goal for club and country in Barcelona's 2–1 home loss to Valencia. Messi finished the 2015–16 season by setting up both goals in Barcelona's 2–0 extra time win over Sevilla in the 2016 Copa del Rey Final, at the Vicente Calderón Stadium, on 22 May 2016, as the club celebrated winning the domestic double for the second consecutive season. In total, Messi scored 41 goals and provided 23 assists, as Barcelona's attacking trio managed a Spanish record of 131 goals throughout the season, breaking the record they had set the\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438352\",\n \"text\": \"damages, which he donated to the charity Doctors without Borders. Messi's financial affairs came under investigation in 2013 for suspected tax evasion. Offshore companies in tax havens Uruguay and Belize were used to evade €4.1 million in taxes related to sponsorship earnings between 2007 and 2009. An unrelated shell company in Panama, set up in 2012, was subsequently identified as belonging to the Messis in the Panama Papers data leak. Messi, who pleaded ignorance of the alleged scheme, voluntarily paid arrears of €5.1 million in August 2013. On 6 July 2016, Messi and his father were both found guilty of\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438318\",\n \"text\": \"and Sergio Agüero's goals in a 4–3 defeat, which saw Argentina eliminated from the World Cup. With his two assists in his team's second round fixture, Messi became the first player to provide an assist in the last four World Cups, and also became the first player to provide two assists in a match for Argentina since Diego Maradona had managed the same feat against South Korea in 1986. Following the tournament, Messi stated that he would not participate in Argentina's friendlies against Guatemala and Colombia in September 2018, and commented that it would be unlikely that he would represent\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438314\",\n \"text\": \"Cup for the first time since 1970. On 10 October 2017, Messi led his country to World Cup qualification in scoring a hat-trick as Argentina came from behind to defeat Ecuador 3–1 away; Argentina had not defeated Ecuador in Quito since 2001. Messi's three goals saw him become the joint all-time leading scorer in CONMEBOL World Cup qualifiers with 21 goals, alongside Uruguay's Luis Suárez, overtaking the previous record which was held by compatriot Hernán Crespo. Following on from their poor qualification campaign, salvaged by Messi, expectations were not high going into the 2018 World Cup, with the team, without\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438293\",\n \"text\": \"had orchestrated Argentina's Olympic victory. Batista publicly stated that he intended to build the team around Messi, employing him as a false nine within a 4–3–3 system, as used to much success by Barcelona. Although Messi scored a record 53 goals during the 2010–11 club season, he had not scored for Argentina in an official match since March 2009. Despite the tactical change, his goal drought continued during the 2011 Copa América, hosted by Argentina. Their first two matches, against Bolivia and Colombia, ended in draws. Media and fans noted that he did not combine well with striker Carlos Tevez,\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438255\",\n \"text\": \"España ended their expressed hopes of a second sextuple, with Messi scoring his side's only goal. On 16 September, he became the youngest player to make 100 appearances in the UEFA Champions League in a 1–1 away draw to Roma. On 26 September, Messi sustained an injury in Barcelona's match against Las Palmas; tests later confirmed that he suffered a tear in the medial collateral ligament of his left knee, ruling him out for six to eight weeks. He finally returned to the pitch on 21 November, making a substitute appearance in Barcelona's 4–0 away win over rivals Real Madrid\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438246\",\n \"text\": \"competitions including friendlies, while another hat-trick against Real Madrid on 23 March made him the all-time top scorer in \\\"El Clásico\\\", ahead of the 18 goals scored by former Real Madrid player Alfredo Di Stéfano. Messi finished the campaign with his worst output in five seasons, though he still managed to score 41 goals in all competitions. For the first time in five years, Barcelona ended the season without a major trophy; they were defeated in the Copa del Rey final by Real Madrid and lost the league in the last game to Atlético Madrid, causing Messi to be booed\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438241\",\n \"text\": \"an assist from Messi. Now in his ninth senior season with Barcelona, Messi signed a new contract on 7 February, committing himself to the club through 2018, while his fixed wage rose to €13 million. He wore the captain's armband for the first time a month later, on 17 March, in a league match against Rayo Vallecano; by then, he had become the team's tactical focal point to a degree that was arguably rivalled only by former Barcelona players Josep Samitier, László Kubala and Johan Cruyff. Since his evolution into a false nine three years earlier, his input into the\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438237\",\n \"text\": \"25 May, its 14th title of that period, the team had lost the league to Real Madrid and was eliminated in the Champions League semi-finals by the eventual champions, Chelsea, with Messi sending a crucial second-leg penalty kick against the crossbar. In Barça's last home league match on 5 May, against Espanyol, Messi scored all four goals before approaching the bench to embrace Guardiola, who had announced his resignation as manager. He finished the season as league top scorer in Spain and Europe for a second time, with 50 goals, an all-time La Liga record, while his 73 goals in\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438204\",\n \"text\": \"mother moved back to Rosario with his brothers and little sister, María Sol, while he stayed in Barcelona with his father. After a year at Barcelona's youth academy, La Masia, Messi was finally enrolled in the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) in February 2002. Now playing in all competitions, he befriended his teammates, among whom were Cesc Fàbregas and Gerard Piqué. After completing his growth hormone treatment aged 14, Messi became an integral part of the \\\"Baby Dream Team\\\", Barcelona's greatest-ever youth side. During his first full season (2002–03), he was top scorer with 36 goals in 30 games for\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438307\",\n \"text\": \"minutes, also starting the play which led to Sergio Agüero's goal, as the match ended in a 5–0 victory, sealing Argentina's place in the quarter-finals of the competition; he was elected man of the match for his performance. On 18 June 2016, in the quarter-final of the Copa América against Venezuela, Messi produced another man of the match performance, assisting two goals and scoring another in a 4–1 victory, which enabled him to equal Gabriel Batistuta's national record of 54 goals in official international matches. This record was broken three days later when Messi scored in a 4–0 win in\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438294\",\n \"text\": \"who enjoyed greater popularity among the Argentine public; Messi was consequently booed by his own team's supporters for the first time in his career. During the crucial next match, with Tevez on the bench, he gave a well-received performance, assisting two goals in their 3–0 victory over Costa Rica. After the quarter-final against Uruguay ended in a 1–1 draw following extra time, with Messi having assisted their equaliser, Argentina were eliminated 4–5 in the penalty shootout by the eventual champions. After Argentina's unsuccessful performance in the Copa América, Batista was replaced by Alejandro Sabella. Upon his appointment in August 2011,\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438291\",\n \"text\": \"last group match, but Messi reportedly refused to be benched. He wore the captain's armband for the first time in their 2–0 win against Greece; as the focal point of their play, he helped create their second goal to see Argentina finish as group winners. In the round of 16, they defeated Mexico 3–1, with Messi assisting their first goal, a controversial strike that stood despite being offside. Argentina were eliminated in the quarter-final against Germany, at the same stage of the tournament and by the same opponent as four years earlier. Their 4–0 loss was their worst margin of\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438274\",\n \"text\": \"his first title as Barcelona's captain, the Supercopa de España, following a 2–1 victory over Sevilla; with his 33rd title for the club, he also became the most decorated player in the team's history. On 19 August, Messi scored twice in helping Barcelona defeat Alavés 3–0 in their first La Liga match of the season, with his first goal, a free kick that he rolled under the jumping Alavés wall, making history in being Barcelona's 6000th goal in La Liga. On 18 September, Messi scored a hat-trick in a 4–0 home win over PSV Eindhoven in Barcelona's opening Champions League\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438232\",\n \"text\": \"not score, he was again important in the second-leg draw that sent Barcelona through to the Champions League final, where they faced Manchester United in a repeat of the final two years earlier. As the competition's top scorer for the third consecutive year, with 12 goals, Messi gave a man-of-the-match performance at Wembley on 28 May, scoring the match-winning goal of Barça's 3–1 victory. Barcelona won a third consecutive La Liga title. In addition to his 31 goals, Messi was also the league's top assist provider with 18. He finished the season with 53 goals and 24 assists in all\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5438229\",\n \"text\": \"Champions League semi-finals by the eventual champions, Inter Milan, Messi finished the season as top scorer (with 8 goals) for the second consecutive year. As the league's top scorer with 34 goals (again tying Ronaldo's record), he helped Barcelona win a second consecutive La Liga trophy with only a single defeat. Messi secured Barcelona's first trophy of the 2010–11 campaign, the Supercopa de España, by scoring a hat-trick in his side's second-leg 4–0 victory over Sevilla, after a first-leg defeat. Assuming a playmaking role, he was again instrumental in a \\\"Clásico\\\" on 29 November 2010, the first with José Mourinho\",\n \"title\": \"Lionel Messi\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["argentina national football team","fc barcelona","fc barcelona c","fc barcelona b"],"string":"[\n \"argentina national football team\",\n \"fc barcelona\",\n \"fc barcelona c\",\n \"fc barcelona b\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1796,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is merrell shoes headquarters?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"5268718","text":"Merrell, Sebago, Wolverine, Keds, Sperry Top-Sider, Stride Rite, and Saucony. According to the company's 2016 annual report, \"The Company sources a majority of its footwear from numerous third-party manufacturers in the Asia Pacific region.\" As of 2016, the company operated 294 retail stores globally. Wolverine World Wide Wolverine World Wide, Inc. or Wolverine Worldwide is an American footwear manufacturer based in Rockford, Michigan, known for its own brand, Wolverine Boots and Shoes, as well as its subsidiaries such as Hush Puppies and Merrell. The company also manufactures footwear for other companies, such as Caterpillar and Harley-Davidson, as well as shoes","title":"Wolverine World Wide"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5268718\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell, Sebago, Wolverine, Keds, Sperry Top-Sider, Stride Rite, and Saucony. According to the company's 2016 annual report, \\\"The Company sources a majority of its footwear from numerous third-party manufacturers in the Asia Pacific region.\\\" As of 2016, the company operated 294 retail stores globally. Wolverine World Wide Wolverine World Wide, Inc. or Wolverine Worldwide is an American footwear manufacturer based in Rockford, Michigan, known for its own brand, Wolverine Boots and Shoes, as well as its subsidiaries such as Hush Puppies and Merrell. The company also manufactures footwear for other companies, such as Caterpillar and Harley-Davidson, as well as shoes\",\n \"title\": \"Wolverine World Wide\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9066377","text":"bearing his name. That same year the company sold its 25,000th pair of boots. In 1987, Merrell was purchased by Karhu. The new owners moved production of Merrell products to Asia, reducing retail prices and expanding sales. In 1988, sales of Merrell products topped the $4 million mark. A period of rapid growth for Merrell followed with 1989 sales increasing by 50%, to the $6 million mark. By 1990, some 300,000 pairs of shoes and boots were being sold annually, with sales for the year topping the $10 million mark for the first time. The company became a global enterprise,","title":"Merrell (company)"},{"psg_id":"9066378","text":"with divisions established in Canada, the United Kingdom, Scandinavia and the United States. The year 1992 saw another doubling of the company's sales volume, topping the $20 million mark. By the middle of the decade, Merrell products were being sold in 22 countries. In 1997, Karhu sold Merrell to Wolverine World Wide, a large footwear corporation which manufactured Hush Puppies shoes and Wolverine brand boots. In the year of the Wolverine acquisition, Merrell sales volume totaled $23 million. Wolverine introduced a new lighter-weight sensibility to the line, beginning with a trail running shoe called the \"Jungle Runner.\" This initial foray","title":"Merrell (company)"},{"psg_id":"20059558","text":"Jamil Merrell Jamil Merrell (born May 9, 1990) is an American football defensive lineman who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Rutgers University and attended Hodgson Vo-Tech High School in Newark, Delaware. He has also been a member of the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles KISS. Merrell attended Hodgson Vo-Tech High School, where he played with his twin brother Jamal. Merrell played for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights from 2009 to 2013. After attended a tryout for the Chicago Bears, Merrell signed with the Brooklyn Bolts of the Fall Experimental Football League. In late November, 2014, the","title":"Jamil Merrell"},{"psg_id":"19767532","text":"Homer Merrell Homer Merrell (October 2, 1845 - January 18, 1916) was a Justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court from November 24, 1890 to January 2, 1893. Born in Pittsford, New York, Merrell served in the American Civil War as a soldier and a military correspondent. After the war, he entered the mercantile business in Philadelphia, and then the real estate business in Chicago, where he read law to gain admission to the bar. In the wake of the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, Merrell \"moved to Laramie and later Rawlins, Wyoming\", where he \"built a large practice and invested","title":"Homer Merrell"},{"psg_id":"19767534","text":"of Chief Justice Willis Van Devanter. Merrell resigned on January 2, 1893 and returned to Rawlins. In 1905, he married Gertrude Huntington, one of the first female newspaper editors in Wyoming. Merrell suffered a stroke in March 1911, and \"never fully recovered\". He entered the State Hospital in Evanston, Wyoming, shortly thereafter, where he remained until his death. Homer Merrell Homer Merrell (October 2, 1845 - January 18, 1916) was a Justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court from November 24, 1890 to January 2, 1893. Born in Pittsford, New York, Merrell served in the American Civil War as a soldier","title":"Homer Merrell"},{"psg_id":"15068970","text":"War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, where he graduated in 1954. He had his next duty tour at U.S. Air Force Headquarters in Washington where he was assigned to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, chief of the Plans and Programs Division, in July 1954, and a year later as deputy director, Directorate of Personnel Planning. Merrell was reassigned to MATS at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey, in 1959. There he was deputy commander, then commander of its Eastern Transport component. From McGuire he went to MATS Headquarters, Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, in","title":"Jack G. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"20059559","text":"Bears signed Merrell to the practice squad. Merrell was assigned to the Los Angeles KISS of the Arena Football League for the 2016 season. On November 17, 2016, Merrell signed with the Colorado Crush. On March 15, 2016, Merrell was placed on season-ending injured reserve. Jamil Merrell Jamil Merrell (born May 9, 1990) is an American football defensive lineman who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Rutgers University and attended Hodgson Vo-Tech High School in Newark, Delaware. He has also been a member of the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles KISS. Merrell attended Hodgson Vo-Tech High","title":"Jamil Merrell"},{"psg_id":"9972484","text":"James Merrell James Hart Merrell (born 1953, Minnesota) is the Lucy Maynard Salmon Professor of History at Vassar College. Professor Merrell is one of the leading scholars of early American history, and has written extensively on Native American history during the colonial era. Professor Merrell is one of only five historians to be awarded the Bancroft Prize twice. He was raised in Minnesota. Merrell earned his undergraduate degree at Lawrence University and continued his studies at Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar. He received his Ph.D. from The Johns Hopkins University in 1982. Merrell was a Fellow at The Newberry","title":"James Merrell"},{"psg_id":"19221751","text":"Mike Merrell Michael Wayne Merrell (born June 25, 1973) is an American competition swimmer, one of the world's top butterfliers and a 7-time All-American. Mike swam at USC under both coach Peter Daland and Mark Schubert. He holds University of Southern California Top Ten Times in both the 100 fly (47.93) and 200 fly (1:44.78), and held the school record in the 200m butterfly for over 20 years until 2016. In 1994-95, Merrell represented the United States at the Summer Universiade Games in Fukuoka, where he won a silver medal in the 200 fly. He also competed in the 1996","title":"Mike Merrell"},{"psg_id":"9066375","text":"Merrell (company) Merrell is an American footwear company founded by Clark Matis, Randy Merrell, and John Schweizer in 1981 as a maker of high-performance hiking boots. Since 1997, the company has been a wholly owned subsidiary of shoe industry giant Wolverine World Wide. The company recorded total sales of footwear and clothing of nearly $500 million in 2010. Merrell was established in 1981 when two executives for the Rossignol ski company, Clark Matis and John Schweizer, decided to launch a new maker of hiking boots, The pair decided to join forces with Randal Ivan Merrell (R.I. Merrell), a maker of","title":"Merrell (company)"},{"psg_id":"12318886","text":"altogether. Marion Merrell Dow Marion Merrell Dow and its predecessor Marion Laboratories was a U.S. pharmaceutical company based in Kansas City, Missouri from 1950 until 1996. The company specialized in bringing to market drugs that had been discovered but unmarketed by other companies including Cardizem which treats arrhythmias and high blood pressure, Carafate (an ulcer treatment), Gaviscon (an antacid), Seldane (a withdrawn antihistamine), Nicorette (anti-smoking gum) and Cepacol mouthwash. The company operating out of its headquarters at 9300 Ward Parkway was a springboard for its founder Ewing Marion Kauffman to start the Kansas City Royals baseball team. The company traces","title":"Marion Merrell Dow"},{"psg_id":"12318876","text":"Marion Merrell Dow Marion Merrell Dow and its predecessor Marion Laboratories was a U.S. pharmaceutical company based in Kansas City, Missouri from 1950 until 1996. The company specialized in bringing to market drugs that had been discovered but unmarketed by other companies including Cardizem which treats arrhythmias and high blood pressure, Carafate (an ulcer treatment), Gaviscon (an antacid), Seldane (a withdrawn antihistamine), Nicorette (anti-smoking gum) and Cepacol mouthwash. The company operating out of its headquarters at 9300 Ward Parkway was a springboard for its founder Ewing Marion Kauffman to start the Kansas City Royals baseball team. The company traces its","title":"Marion Merrell Dow"},{"psg_id":"9066380","text":"with the style continuing in production to the present date. In 2007, the Merrell line was expanded yet again to include apparel and accessories. By 2010, Merrell products were being sold in 151 countries. Annual sales for the brand totaled nearly $500 million in 2010. The company operates 116 of its own concept stores around the world, with another 20 to 25 new stores planned to open in 2011. Merrell has declared that it is aiming for 15% of its sales to come through company stores and e-commerce sometime in the near future. Merrell (company) Merrell is an American footwear","title":"Merrell (company)"},{"psg_id":"20209584","text":"Merrell, of Herkimer Co., who both fought in the American Revolutionary War. Clement attended the State Normal School and then Yale University, where he was a member of Scroll & Key and where he graduated from in 1882. Following his graduation from Yale, he traveled around Europe with friends visiting Persia. In 1883, he returned to Buffalo and within two years, was made Cashier at The Marine Bank. By 1895, three years after the death of his father, he became president of the Bank. He spearheaded the construction of the Bank's headquarters, the Marine Trust Building, designed by his friend,","title":"Stephen Merrell Clement"},{"psg_id":"6785985","text":"Merrell Center The Leonard E. Merrell Center (commonly known as the Merrell Center) is a 7,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Katy, Texas. It was built in 2005 and was the former home of the Katy Copperheads (National Indoor Football League) and the Katy Ruff Riders of the Intense Football League. Since 2008 the Merrell Center has hosted the Southland Conference Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments. The Houston Stallions of the Lone Star Football League moved to the Merrell Center in 2011. As a concert venue the arena seats 1,500 for theater shows and up to 7,200 for arena concerts. Capacity for","title":"Merrell Center"},{"psg_id":"6785986","text":"athletic events is 5,794. The arena can seat up to 1,200 for banquets. The arena contains a 21,600-square-foot (120' by 180') arena floor, big enough for small trade shows, a meeting room that can be divisible into three smaller rooms, and a lobby. The arena is also used for commencement ceremonies and high school basketball. Adjacent to the Merrell Center is the Katy ISD L. D. Robinson Pavilion & Rodeo Arena. Merrell Center The Leonard E. Merrell Center (commonly known as the Merrell Center) is a 7,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Katy, Texas. It was built in 2005 and was the","title":"Merrell Center"},{"psg_id":"20346854","text":"Merrell Twins Veronica Jo Merrell and Vanessa Jo Merrell (born August 6, 1996), known as the Merrell Twins, are identical twin American YouTubers, actresses, and musicians. Veronica and Vanessa are identical twin sisters born in Kansas City, Missouri on August 6, 1996. They grew up in Kansas City before moving to Los Angeles, California, at the age of 16 to pursue a career in acting. The Merrell twins started making YouTube videos in 2009. Their videos are produced and edited by their father, Paul Merrell. They have appeared in AwesomenessTV videos and had recurring roles on the television show \"Jane","title":"Merrell Twins"},{"psg_id":"12281124","text":"easements held by HNE. Merrell Tavern The Merrell Tavern, known more recently as the Merrell Inn, is a historic tavern at 1565 Pleasant Street (Massachusetts Route 102) in South Lee, Massachusetts. Built in 1794 as a residence, it has served for most of two centuries as a local traveler's accommodation, and retains fine Federal period architectural details. > It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It continues to serve its historic function, and is now operated as a bed and breakfast inn. The Merrell Tavern is located on the south side of Pleasant Street, near","title":"Merrell Tavern"},{"psg_id":"12281121","text":"Merrell Tavern The Merrell Tavern, known more recently as the Merrell Inn, is a historic tavern at 1565 Pleasant Street (Massachusetts Route 102) in South Lee, Massachusetts. Built in 1794 as a residence, it has served for most of two centuries as a local traveler's accommodation, and retains fine Federal period architectural details. > It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It continues to serve its historic function, and is now operated as a bed and breakfast inn. The Merrell Tavern is located on the south side of Pleasant Street, near the western end of","title":"Merrell Tavern"},{"psg_id":"8774634","text":"Merrell Fankhauser Merrell Wayne Fankhauser (born December 23, 1943, Louisville, Kentucky, United States) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist, who was most active in the 1960s and 1970s with bands including the Impacts, Merrell & the Exiles, HMS Bounty, Fankhauser-Cassidy Band, and MU. In addition, 12 songs recorded by Merrell & the Exiles were later released under the group name Fapardokly, even though that group never actually existed. After moving to San Luis Obispo, California in his teens, he began playing guitar, and got his first break playing in movie theaters and talent shows. In 1960, after one of","title":"Merrell Fankhauser"},{"psg_id":"13078923","text":"a variety of vendors. Takken's Shoes Takken's Shoes is an independent shoe retailer with 24 stores in California (USA) and two retail websites (Takkens.com and Takkens.shoes). Specializing in comfort and family footwear, Takken's Shoes is also one of the largest UGG Australia retailers in the world. The corporate headquarters are located in San Luis Obispo, CA where the first Takken's Shoes was opened in 1937 by Harry Takken as a shoe repair business. Takken's shoes opened in 1937 as a shoe repair shop in San Luis Obispo, California. The business was successful as such (largely attributed to Harry's customer service","title":"Takken's Shoes"},{"psg_id":"13078916","text":"Takken's Shoes Takken's Shoes is an independent shoe retailer with 24 stores in California (USA) and two retail websites (Takkens.com and Takkens.shoes). Specializing in comfort and family footwear, Takken's Shoes is also one of the largest UGG Australia retailers in the world. The corporate headquarters are located in San Luis Obispo, CA where the first Takken's Shoes was opened in 1937 by Harry Takken as a shoe repair business. Takken's shoes opened in 1937 as a shoe repair shop in San Luis Obispo, California. The business was successful as such (largely attributed to Harry's customer service and charisma), and was","title":"Takken's Shoes"},{"psg_id":"16213637","text":"Stanley W. Merrell Stanley W. Merrell was a lawyer from a prominent Cincinnati family in the U.S. State of Ohio. He was a local judge and prosecutor, and was appointed a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court in 1919. Stanley W. Merrell was born on Mt. Hope Road, Price Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio, December 26, 1876. He was the son of George and Cornelia Spear Merrell, and grandson of William Stanley Merrell, founder of the \"William S. Merrell Company\". William Stanley Merrell was the \"first educated chemist to take up residence west of the Allegheny Mountains\", discovered and introduced podophyllin, and","title":"Stanley W. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"18520010","text":"Ben Merrell Benjamin Judson Merrell also known as Ben Merrell (born July 26, 1983) is a world-ranked hydroflight athlete. He placed third in the world at the 2013 Flyboard World Cup Championship in Doha, Qatar. Since then, he has become well-known and well-respected as a competitor and innovator who works tirelessly to improve hydroflight sports by promoting cutting-edge products such as the X-Jet's Jetblade and Flytronics' wireless Remote Throttle Control (RTC). After graduating, Merrell enlisted in the U.S. Army shortly after 9/11. He completed basic training and Airborne Qualification at Fort Benning, Georgia. He served as an infantryman and was","title":"Ben Merrell"},{"psg_id":"19221752","text":"US Olympic Trials where he placed 8th in the 200 fly. In 1993-94, Merrell represented the United States at the Pan Pacific Games in Kobe, Japan, where he was the consolation winner in both fly events. At the 1994 NCAA Championships, he placed fourth in the 200 fly (1:45.20) and 11th in the 100 fly (48.32). He also help the team to an eighth-place finish in 800 free relay. In 1992-92, Merrell earned All-America honors for the second straight year after finishing sixth in the 100 fly (47.93) and third in the 200 fly (1:44.93) ath the 1993 NCAAs, the","title":"Mike Merrell"},{"psg_id":"12318881","text":"1980 and it became Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. The former Richardson Merrell became Richardson Vicks. In 1985, Richardson Vicks was acquired by Procter & Gamble. In the U.S., Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals was a named party in at least two major United States Supreme Court cases: In 1989 Dow Chemical acquired 67 percent interest of Marion Laboratories, which was renamed Marion Merrell Dow. Among the products Merrell Dow brought that would be shortly marketed were Seldane, Lorelco, Nicorette and Cepacol. The merger was considered a good fit because of Marion Laboratories strong sales force and Merrell Dow's strong research and development capabilities.","title":"Marion Merrell Dow"},{"psg_id":"12798744","text":"that they played before they became homeless. Music plays out as the fate of Frank and his family remain unknown to us. Yet his loss of the apartment stills gives a glib outcome for a family hit hard by poverty. Lisa Schwartzbaum of \"Entertainment Weekly\" described the film as \"Italian neorealism meets A Christmas Carol.\" Nick Pinkerton of the \"Village Voice\" writes that Stabile \"gets interesting scenes [...] though the movie's vérité is diluted by a cozy, adult-contemporary empathy with those less fortunate.\" Where God Left His Shoes Where God Left His Shoes is a 2007 drama film written and","title":"Where God Left His Shoes"},{"psg_id":"12798739","text":"Where God Left His Shoes Where God Left His Shoes is a 2007 drama film written and directed by Salvatore Stabile and starring John Leguizamo, Leonor Varela, Samantha Rose, Jerry Ferrara, and Adriane Lenox. It was first distributed through a limited release by IFC Films on 12 December 2008. The title of the movie is an old Italian saying that Stabile's father used to say about good places. Frank Diaz (John Leguizamo), an unemployed boxer, and his family have been living in a homeless shelter for months when, finally, on Christmas Eve, comes word that an apartment may be available.","title":"Where God Left His Shoes"},{"psg_id":"17231225","text":"Bond: How Sibling Connections Influence Adult Relationships\" in 1997. A graduate of Cornell University's College of Arts & Sciences, Susan Scarf Merrell received her MFA from The Bennington Writing Seminars at Bennington College and currently teaches in the MFA program at Stony Brook Southampton. She is also Director of the Southampton Writers Conference. Married to architect James Merrell, she is the daughter of best-selling journalist Maggie Scarf and economist Herbert Scarf. She has two sisters, Martha Samuelson and Betsy S. Stone. Susan Scarf Merrell Susan Scarf Merrell is an American author specializing in the novel, short story, and essay. Her","title":"Susan Scarf Merrell"},{"psg_id":"12318877","text":"roots back to 1828 when William S. Merrell opened the Western Market Drug Store at Sixth Street and Western Row (now Central Avenue) in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio. Merrell expanded into the wholesale drug business. Following his death in 1880 his sons formed the William S. Merrell Chemical Company. In the 1930s, it merged with a company started by Lunsford Richardson to become Richardson-Merrell. Richardson's most notable product was Vicks VapoRub (named in honor of his brother-in-law Dr. Joshua Vick, a Selma, North Carolina physician. In 1958, Richardson-Merrell acquired the English company Milton Antiseptic Ltd. A team at William S. Merrell","title":"Marion Merrell Dow"},{"psg_id":"11379204","text":"Valley in Antarctica is named after it. The USNS \"Pvt. Joseph F Merrell\" was scrapped in 1974. A plaque dedicated to Private Merrell's honor is in the Clove Lakes Park, Staten Island, NY. Joseph F. Merrell Joseph Frederick Merrell (August 21, 1926 – April 18, 1945) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration – the Medal of Honor – for his actions in World War II. Merrell joined the Army from his birthplace of Staten Island in August 1944 (a week after his 18th birthday), and by April 18, 1945, was","title":"Joseph F. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"20346855","text":"the Virgin\". They appeared in the 2016 film \"The Standoff\". At the 8th Shorty Awards, they won for YouNower of the Year. They won a Streamy Award for Best Live Social Media in 2016. In 2018, they were nominated for two Teen Choice Awards, Choice Female Web Star and Choice YouTuber. Their show won the 2018 Streamy Award in the Lifestyle category. Merrell Twins Veronica Jo Merrell and Vanessa Jo Merrell (born August 6, 1996), known as the Merrell Twins, are identical twin American YouTubers, actresses, and musicians. Veronica and Vanessa are identical twin sisters born in Kansas City, Missouri","title":"Merrell Twins"},{"psg_id":"9972485","text":"Library Center for the History of the American Indian in Chicago and at the Institute of Early American History and Culture in Williamsburg, Virginia. He has also received fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. He has taught at Vassar College since 1984, except for the 1998-1999 academic year, when he was a professor at Northwestern University. James Merrell James Hart Merrell (born 1953, Minnesota) is the Lucy Maynard Salmon Professor of History at Vassar College. Professor Merrell is one of the leading scholars of early","title":"James Merrell"},{"psg_id":"19221756","text":"the 100 fly in 1990 and was world-ranked in both the 100-meter fly and 200-meter fly (2:01.44) in 1990. Personal records: Merrell currently lives in Marin County, California, with his wife Erika and their three sons: Chase, Cooper, and Brody. He is Head Coach for the Lucas Valley Lightning Swim Team in San Rafael, CA which is part of the Marin Swim League. Mike Merrell Michael Wayne Merrell (born June 25, 1973) is an American competition swimmer, one of the world's top butterfliers and a 7-time All-American. Mike swam at USC under both coach Peter Daland and Mark Schubert. He","title":"Mike Merrell"},{"psg_id":"16520231","text":"Annapolis, Maryland, and the Army and Navy Club in Manila in the Philippine Islands. Merrell fell ill while visiting his daughter and son-in-law in New London, Connecticut, late in 1916, and died in their apartment on 8 December 1916. He is buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery. John Porter Merrell Rear Admiral John Porter Merrell (7 September 1846 – 8 December 1916) was an officer in the United States Navy. He served in the Spanish–American War and as the 11th President of the Naval War College. Merrell was born in Auburn, New York, on 7 September 1846, the","title":"John Porter Merrell"},{"psg_id":"8774636","text":"Surf, Impact, Steel Pier, Tandem, Sea Horse, Beep Beep, Lisa, and Church Key\" the recordings were taken by Norman Knowles and Tony Hilder to Del-Fi records where owner Bob Keene signed the album for immediate release. Knowles and Hilder never revealed to the band how much money they made by doing this, however, they also tricked the young band into signing a contract for one dollar. Merrell and his band was unable to collect royalties on this music for 36 years thereafter, as Hilder and Knowles claimed both artist and publishing royalties with Del-Fi Records. Unfortunately, Merrell would encounter many","title":"Merrell Fankhauser"},{"psg_id":"18520012","text":"where his huge, arcing back dolphins, daring trick combinations, and crowd-pleasing showmanship put him on the winners platform in 3rd place. This led to sponsorships from Skat-Trak and Powerfly Products, national and international performances, and attention from other companies looking to place their products on the market. After a summer of Flyboard performances, a competitor company, X-Jetpacks, contacted Merrell in August 2014 about trying out a new Hydroflight product they called the Jetblade. With no contract interest from Flyboard, Merrell decided to test this new board and absolutely loved it. His endorsement of the Jetblade created a firestorm of controversy","title":"Ben Merrell"},{"psg_id":"18520011","text":"stationed at Schofield Barracks in Oahu, Hawaii. For 12 months during 2004 and 2005, he was deployed to Kandahar, Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. After being honorably discharged in 2006, he moved home to Florida where he began his own business, Power Up Watersports. After ventures in car sales and real estate, Merrell found his passion in 2012 and started one of the first United States Flyboard rental companies, Power Up Watersports, located in the panhandle city of Destin, Florida. Merrell quickly became proficient on the Flyboard and qualified to compete in the 2013 World Flyboard Championship in Doha, Qatar","title":"Ben Merrell"},{"psg_id":"10143830","text":"While living in New York City, Jackson performed with dance companies, appeared in Broadway musicals, and did commercial spots for 7 Up soft drink. He was also a painter. Merrell Jackson Merrell Jackson (April 26, 1952 – February 23, 1991) was an actor who played one of the apostles in the film \"Godspell\" (1973). He sang \"All Good Gifts\". Jackson graduated from Chicago's Calumet High School in 1971, where he was a soloist for the a cappella chorus, and had leading roles in two stage productions for which he won the \"best actor\" award. During his senior year he played","title":"Merrell Jackson"},{"psg_id":"10143827","text":"Merrell Jackson Merrell Jackson (April 26, 1952 – February 23, 1991) was an actor who played one of the apostles in the film \"Godspell\" (1973). He sang \"All Good Gifts\". Jackson graduated from Chicago's Calumet High School in 1971, where he was a soloist for the a cappella chorus, and had leading roles in two stage productions for which he won the \"best actor\" award. During his senior year he played King Melchior in a school production of the Christmas opera \"Amahl and the Night Visitors\" that was shown on local television TV 26, and was an understudy in the","title":"Merrell Jackson"},{"psg_id":"16213641","text":"he was buried at Spring Grove Cemetery. Stanley W. Merrell was married April, 1905 to Mary Louise Caldwell of Cincinnati. They had daughters named Alice and Mina Louise. Merrell was associated fraternally with the Avon Lodge of A. F. and A. M. Stanley W. Merrell Stanley W. Merrell was a lawyer from a prominent Cincinnati family in the U.S. State of Ohio. He was a local judge and prosecutor, and was appointed a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court in 1919. Stanley W. Merrell was born on Mt. Hope Road, Price Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio, December 26, 1876. He was the","title":"Stanley W. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"20423138","text":"Margaret Merrell Margaret Merrell (December 3, 1900 – 21, 1995) was an American biostatistician who taught at Johns Hopkins University for many years and became the first female full professor in the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. She is known for her research with Lowell Reed on the construction of life tables. She also observed that, for longitudinal data on individuals, fitting a curve to each individual and then averaging the parameters describing the curve will typically give different results than averaging the data values of the individuals and fitting a single curve to the averaged data. Merrell was","title":"Margaret Merrell"},{"psg_id":"18520017","text":"Qatar (2013) Placed 9th in the 2014 National Flyboard Championship held in Toronto, Canada (2014) Interview with Leslie Roberts on The Morning Show in Toronto, Canada (2014) Photography in National Geographic Traveller India (2012) Articles in Emerald Coast Magazine (2013 & 2014) Article in Northwest Florida Daily News (2013) Article in Destin Log (2013 & 2014) Article in Beaches, Resorts, and Parks (2014) Article in Destin Magazine (2014) Destin Boat Parade (2013) Ben Merrell Benjamin Judson Merrell also known as Ben Merrell (born July 26, 1983) is a world-ranked hydroflight athlete. He placed third in the world at the 2013","title":"Ben Merrell"},{"psg_id":"5189193","text":"Wolff studied mathematics and philosophy at Stanford and Harvard. At Stanford, he was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1911. He briefly taught mathematics at Stanford in 1914, but left academia the following year. In 1920, Wolff married Sarah Merrell Briggs. The couple joined their original surnames; hence Wolff became Franklin Merrell-Wolff. Merrell-Wolff and his wife founded an esoteric group called the \"Assembly of Man\" in 1928, which congregated in an ashram in the Sierra Nevada mountains near Mount Whitney. Sarah Merrell-Wolff, also known as Sherifa, died in 1959. Franklin Merrell-Wolff remarried and lived the rest of his","title":"Franklin Merrell-Wolff"},{"psg_id":"14978833","text":"a family brand that offers comfortable, high- quality shoes for every age group. Consequently, its collections consist of models for men, women and children and include casual, business and evening shoes as well as sandals and slippers. Erich Rohde GmbH has an own creative centre at its headquarters where all models of the company's two brands are designs and distributed via a dispatch centre. Every year, the company introduces two new collections and presents them on the international shoe fair GDS in Düsseldorf. Rohde Shoes Erich Rohde GmbH is a German shoe manufacturer headquartered in Schwalmstadt (Hesse). It is the","title":"Rohde Shoes"},{"psg_id":"8481345","text":"Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi (; born William Merrell Vories; October 28, 1880 – May 7, 1964) was an educator, architect, entrepreneur, Christian lay missionary, and founder of the Omi Mission. Born in the United States, he later became a naturalized Japanese citizen. Merrell lived and worked mainly in Shiga Prefecture in Japan. With only limited formal training as an architect, he founded an architectural office in Shiga which employed over thirty professional staff and was responsible for the design of well over 1000 residential, commercial, and church structures in Japan and occupied Korea, prior to the Second World","title":"Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi"},{"psg_id":"16520223","text":"John Porter Merrell Rear Admiral John Porter Merrell (7 September 1846 – 8 December 1916) was an officer in the United States Navy. He served in the Spanish–American War and as the 11th President of the Naval War College. Merrell was born in Auburn, New York, on 7 September 1846, the son of John Camp Merrell and the former Jane A. Allen. He entered the United States Naval Academy on 20 July 1863, graduating in June 1867. Merrells first assignment was to the European Squadron from 1867 to 1870. While there, he served aboard the screw sloop-of-war from 1867 to","title":"John Porter Merrell"},{"psg_id":"15068972","text":"Merrell retired from the Air Force on September 12, 1972 and died on August 15, 1993. Jack G. Merrell General Jack Gordon Merrell (April 8, 1915 – August 15, 1993) was a United States Air Force four-star general who served as Commander, Air Force Logistics Command (COMAFLC) from 1968 to 1972. Merrell was born in Jeannette, Pennsylvania, in 1915. He graduated from high school in 1933, attended Braden's Preparatory at Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York, and then entered the United States Military Academy at West Point from which he graduated in the class of 1939 with a bachelor of science degree in","title":"Jack G. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"15068967","text":"Jack G. Merrell General Jack Gordon Merrell (April 8, 1915 – August 15, 1993) was a United States Air Force four-star general who served as Commander, Air Force Logistics Command (COMAFLC) from 1968 to 1972. Merrell was born in Jeannette, Pennsylvania, in 1915. He graduated from high school in 1933, attended Braden's Preparatory at Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York, and then entered the United States Military Academy at West Point from which he graduated in the class of 1939 with a bachelor of science degree in military science. Merrell was first assigned to the Cavalry, but quickly secured a transfer to the","title":"Jack G. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"12318880","text":"the drug, citing an insufficient number of controlled studies to establish risks. When studies revealed that 10,000 children worldwide had been born with severe birth defects from the drug, Merrell withdrew its application and recalled the remaining unconsumed tablets from doctors offices around the country. Ultimately, 17 children in the United States were born with defects. For correctly denying the application despite the pressure from Richardson-Merrell, Kelsey eventually received the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service at a 1962 ceremony with President John F. Kennedy. Dow Chemical acquired controlling interest of the Merrell pharmaceutical division of Richardson-Merrell company in","title":"Marion Merrell Dow"},{"psg_id":"11379203","text":"own life so that his comrades could go on to victory. A former SS barracks in Nürnberg, Germany was acquired by the US Army and renamed the Merrell Barracks. The Merrell Barracks was vacated and returned to the German government in September 1992. A Staten Island Ferry boat was named after him (in service until 1982), as was the US Navy Freighter, the USNS Pvt. Joseph F Merrell. This ship served as a cargo ship during the Korean War and made expeditions to Antarctica in 1957 and again during operations Deep Freeze in 1962, '63, '64, and '65. The Merrell","title":"Joseph F. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"7143032","text":"Merrell Q. Sharpe Merrell Quentin Sharpe (January 11, 1888 – January 22, 1962) was a Republican American politician from Kennebec, South Dakota. He was the attorney general of South Dakota from 1929 through 1933, and governor of South Dakota from 1943 through 1947. Sharpe was born in Marysville, Kansas (in Marshall County), on January 11, 1888. Educated in the public schools of Axtel, Kansas, he taught in rural schools two years before enlisting in the United States Navy, where he served for four years. He married Emily Auld and they had one child, Lorna Mae Sharpe. Sharpe worked as a","title":"Merrell Q. Sharpe"},{"psg_id":"15068971","text":"September 1960 to become deputy chief of staff for plans. In January 1962, he returned to Washington, D.C., to serve as director of the budget, Headquarters U.S. Air Force. He assumed the position of comptroller of the U.S. Air Force in November 1964. Merrell was named vice commander of U.S. Air Forces in Europe in August 1967, and became commander of the Air Force Logistics Command in March 1968. A command pilot, his decorations included the Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster, Distinguished Flying Cross, Air Medal, Army Commendation Medal, and the French Croix de Guerre.","title":"Jack G. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"8481350","text":"was transported back to Ōmihachiman for medical treatment. He remained bedridden for seven years and passed away on the second floor of his house in May 7, 1964, at the age of 83. In 1958, Vories was awarded as the first Honorary Citizen of Omihachiman. He was posthumously honored the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class, by the Japanese government. His house in Ōmihachiman was currently the \"Vories Commemorative Museum\". Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi (; born William Merrell Vories; October 28, 1880 – May 7, 1964) was an educator, architect, entrepreneur, Christian lay missionary, and founder of","title":"Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi"},{"psg_id":"20632680","text":"Merrell v. Tice Merrell v. Tice, 104 U.S. 557 (1881), was a United States Supreme Court ruling dealing with copyright. At the time, a prerequisite for having a copyright was delivering two copies of the material to the Library of Congress within a time limit. Tice sued Merrell for copyright infringement and the lower courts were sympathetic; he just had to prove that he had observed that prerequisite. As evidence, Tice presented notes purportedly from the Library of Congress that certified that he had sent the book to the Library on time. Appeals of the case eventually landed it in","title":"Merrell v. Tice"},{"psg_id":"20209589","text":"$80,000 in June 1914 to endow the \"Stephen Merrell Clement Chair of Christian Methods in the School of Religion\" at Yale. His grandchildren include Samuel Prescott Bush Clement and Stuart Holmes Clement, Jr. Stephen Merrell Clement Stephen Merrell Clement or S. M. Clement, Jr. (November 4, 1859 – March 26, 1913) was an American banker, businessman and industrialist in Buffalo, New York. Clement was born on November 4, 1859 in Fredonia, New York to Stephen Mallory Clement (1825–1892) Sarah Elizabeth Leonard (1824–1891). His brother was Henry Clay Clement. His father founded the Fredonia Bank in 1855 and was president of","title":"Stephen Merrell Clement"},{"psg_id":"16520230","text":"conference on 1 September 1908. Merrell was placed on the retirement list on 7 September 1908, but at the request of Secretary of the Navy Metcalf remained on active duty for an additional 13 months until 6 October 1909, when his college presidency ended and he left active Navy service. Merrell married Sarah Frances Tyler on 22 January 1872. The couple made their home in her home town, Marshall, Michigan. Merrell was a life member of the United States Naval Institute, as well as a member of the Army and Navy Club in Washington, D.C., the Naval Academy Club in","title":"John Porter Merrell"},{"psg_id":"12124765","text":"Robert Merrell Gage Robert Merrell Gage (December 26, 1892 – October 30, 1981) was an American sculptor, frequently credited or referred to as Merrell Gage. Gage was born in Topeka, Kansas and studied in the Topeka public schools and at Washburn University. He worked on ranches in the Midwest before settling on an art career. He studied art in New York and France and worked in the studio of Gutzon Borglum as an assistant. In 1916, he set up a sculpture studio in a barn behind his house in Topeka. His first public commission was for a statue of Abraham","title":"Robert Merrell Gage"},{"psg_id":"11379198","text":"Joseph F. Merrell Joseph Frederick Merrell (August 21, 1926 – April 18, 1945) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration – the Medal of Honor – for his actions in World War II. Merrell joined the Army from his birthplace of Staten Island in August 1944 (a week after his 18th birthday), and by April 18, 1945, was serving as a private in Company I, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division. On that day, near Lohe (a suburb of Nuremberg), Germany, he singlehandedly attacked German positions that were firing on his","title":"Joseph F. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"16213639","text":"1908, when Merrell went into practice alone. Merrell was elected a member-at-large of the Cincinnati City Council 1906 to 1908. He was the only Democrat on the council. He was assistant county prosecutor for Hamilton County, Ohio 1909 to 1911, and was appointed assistant city solicitor in 1912. He resigned when Governor James M. Cox appointed him a judge on the Cincinnati Superior Court on September 1, 1913. He was elected to a full six year term, (1/1/1914-12/31/1919), in November of that year. One month before the expiration of his term in Cincinnati, Merrell was appointed by Governor Cox to","title":"Stanley W. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"5189196","text":"of his fundamental contributions to epistemology was the notion of \"Introception\", or \"Knowledge through Identity\". This represents a transcendent form of knowledge which is neither conceptual nor empirical. It is perhaps the simplest and clearest definition ever proposed, of what many mystics have called \"Gnosis\". Wolff's other published books detailing his experience and philosophy include \"The Philosophy of Consciousness Without an Object\" and \"Transformations in Consciousness: The Metaphysics and Epistemology\" (originally published under the title \"Introceptualism\"). Franklin Merrell-Wolff Franklin Merrell-Wolff (born Franklin Fowler Wolff; 11 July 1887 – 4 October 1985) was an American mystic and esoteric philosopher. After formal","title":"Franklin Merrell-Wolff"},{"psg_id":"9066376","text":"highly-praised custom boots which retailed for $500 a pair. Matis set to work designing a more affordable high-performance boot, which was developed in 1982. Plans were made for production of the new line in factories located in Italy, a leading exporter of footwear to the world market at the time. In 1983, the new Merrell company delivered its first product to the market, making shipments to a pair of east coast retailers specializing in hiking gear. In 1986, Randy Merrell sought to return to his previous life as a maker of custom boots and sold his share of the company","title":"Merrell (company)"},{"psg_id":"8774640","text":"Fankhauser recorded a solo album, \"Maui\" (1976), before returning to California in the late 1970s. All his 1970s recordings have been reissued repeatedly in the CD format. Fankhauser continued to record, occasionally with friends including John Cipollina and more recently Ed Cassidy of Spirit in The Fankhauser Cassidy Band, as well as producing new surf albums credited to The Impacts. Fankhauser has also produced radio and TV shows such as his long-running \"Tiki Lounge\". In June 2015, Fankhauser released a mp3 rock album titled \"Signals from Malibu\". Merrell Fankhauser Merrell Wayne Fankhauser (born December 23, 1943, Louisville, Kentucky, United States)","title":"Merrell Fankhauser"},{"psg_id":"20423140","text":"for motion sickness. As a faculty member at Johns Hopkins, she \"reportedly carried most of her department's teaching load\" and was described as \"the intellectual power behind the throne\" of the department. She was promoted to full professor in 1957, served as acting chair of biostatistics in 1957–1958, and retired in 1959. She died in 1995, in a nursing home in Berlin, New Hampshire. She was honored by the American Statistical Association in 1951 by election as a fellow of the association. Margaret Merrell Margaret Merrell (December 3, 1900 – 21, 1995) was an American biostatistician who taught at Johns","title":"Margaret Merrell"},{"psg_id":"19767533","text":"in real estate\". Merrell was a member of the council of the Fifth Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Wyoming in 1877 and 1878. He served as a was County and Prosecuting Attorney of Carbon County, Wyoming, for seven terms of two years each, also serving as Wyoming's Commissioner to the New Orleans Exposition, and president of the Rawlins Board of Trade. In 1890, Merrell ran for a seat in the U.S. Senate, but was instead accepted an appointment by Governor Francis E. Warren, on November 24, 1890, to a seat on the Wyoming Supreme Court vacated by the resignation","title":"Homer Merrell"},{"psg_id":"7143034","text":"South Dakota code commission appointed to revise the state's statutes. Elected in 1942, Sharpe served as 17th governor of South Dakota from 1943 to 1947. During his tenure, he devoted himself to the war effort, promoted education, encouraged tourism and conservation. Sharpe died in Kennebec and is interred at Graceland Cemetery, Oacoma, Lyman County, South Dakota US. Merrell Q. Sharpe Merrell Quentin Sharpe (January 11, 1888 – January 22, 1962) was a Republican American politician from Kennebec, South Dakota. He was the attorney general of South Dakota from 1929 through 1933, and governor of South Dakota from 1943 through 1947.","title":"Merrell Q. Sharpe"},{"psg_id":"17231224","text":"Susan Scarf Merrell Susan Scarf Merrell is an American author specializing in the novel, short story, and essay. Her second novel, \"Shirley\", about a young woman who goes to live with novelist Shirley Jackson and Stanley Edgar Hyman in their Bennington home in 1964, was published June 12, 2014 by Blue Rider/Penguin Books. Her short stories and essays have been published in \"Los Angeles Review of Books\", \"Tin House\", \"The Writer's Chronicle\", \"The Southampton Review\", and \"The New Haven Review\". Her debut novel, \"A Member of the Family: A Novel\" was published in 2001, after her publication of \"The Accidental","title":"Susan Scarf Merrell"},{"psg_id":"19221754","text":"record of 1:59:86, good for third place. Ironically, his winning time of 54:08 in the 100 fly at the 1992 Summer Nationals would have earned him a spot on the 1992 Olympic Team. He also placed third in the 200-meter fly at U.S. Nationals. His first international experience was a success: In 1992, Merrell won a gold and silver medal in the 400 medley relay and 100 meter fly (54.06), respectively, as the PanAm Games in Havana, Cuba. In high school, Merrell was selected to the 1991 USA Junior National Team that competed in Canada and traveled with the 1990","title":"Mike Merrell"},{"psg_id":"19221753","text":"highest finish for any USC Trojan at the meet. He was the 1992 U.S. national champion in the 100 meter fly in August 1992 (54.08). He place third (missing a berth on the Olympic team by 2-hundredths of a second) at the 1992 U.S. Olympic Trials in the 200-meter fly. In 1991-92, Merrell earned All-America honors by finishing third in the 200-yard fly at the 1992 NCAA Championships (1:45:22). Also at the NCAAs, he swam legs on USC's 200 and 400 medley relays. Merrell was the fastest collegian at the 1992 Olympic Trials in the 200-meter fly, setting a USC","title":"Mike Merrell"},{"psg_id":"4532674","text":"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993), is a United States Supreme Court case determining the standard for admitting expert testimony in federal courts. The \"Daubert\" Court held that the enactment of the Federal Rules of Evidence implicitly overturned the Frye standard; the standard that the Court articulated is referred to as the Daubert standard. Jason Daubert and Eric Schuller had been born with serious birth defects. They and their parents sued Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., a subsidiary of Dow Chemical Company, in a California District Court, claiming that the drug","title":"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc."},{"psg_id":"14271903","text":"Munich (sport shoes) Munich (, ) is a Spanish company and brand specialized in sport and fashion shoes. The company headquarters are located in Capellades, province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Munich produces more than 850.000 pairs of shoes per year, 46% of sports type, and 54% of fashion type. The company has reached a privileged position in the field of fashion, growing in many European and Asian countries, mainly Japan. The X symbol is what makes its shoes special and identifiable. The company was founded by Luís Berneda in year 1939 at the city of Sant Boi de Llobregat, with","title":"Munich (sport shoes)"},{"psg_id":"5189192","text":"Franklin Merrell-Wolff Franklin Merrell-Wolff (born Franklin Fowler Wolff; 11 July 1887 – 4 October 1985) was an American mystic and esoteric philosopher. After formal education in philosophy and mathematics at Stanford and Harvard, Wolff devoted himself to the goal of transcending the normal limits of human consciousness. After exploring various mystical teachings and paths, he dedicated himself to the path of jnana yoga and the writings of Shankara, the expounder of the Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy. Franklin Fowler Wolff was born in Pasadena, California in 1887. He was raised as a Methodist, but abandoned Christianity during his youth.","title":"Franklin Merrell-Wolff"},{"psg_id":"20632681","text":"the Supreme Court. The Court determined that the letter was an example of what he would need, but was not sufficient to prove his case. Because there were statutory procedures for obtaining more suitable evidence from the Library of Congress and the Post Office, the Court overturned the lower court ruling and ordered that the case be retried. Merrell v. Tice Merrell v. Tice, 104 U.S. 557 (1881), was a United States Supreme Court ruling dealing with copyright. At the time, a prerequisite for having a copyright was delivering two copies of the material to the Library of Congress within","title":"Merrell v. Tice"},{"psg_id":"20209583","text":"Stephen Merrell Clement Stephen Merrell Clement or S. M. Clement, Jr. (November 4, 1859 – March 26, 1913) was an American banker, businessman and industrialist in Buffalo, New York. Clement was born on November 4, 1859 in Fredonia, New York to Stephen Mallory Clement (1825–1892) Sarah Elizabeth Leonard (1824–1891). His brother was Henry Clay Clement. His father founded the Fredonia Bank in 1855 and was president of the bank until 1869 when he moved the family to Buffalo to become Cashier of The Marine Bank. He was a descendant of Col. Giles Jackson of Berkshire County and Capt. Caleb B.","title":"Stephen Merrell Clement"},{"psg_id":"16520224","text":"1868, was promoted to ensign on 18 December 1868, and served aboard the screw sloop-of-war from 1869 to 1870. Merrell returned from Europe in 1870 and performed signals duty in Washington, D.C. He was promoted to master on 21 March 1870. From 1870 to 1871, he participated in the Darién Surveying Expedition, which attempted to survey a route for a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. After returning from the expedition, Merrell – who was promoted to lieutenant on 21 March 1871 – served at the Naval Torpedo Station in Newport, Rhode Island, from 1871 or 1872 (sources vary) to","title":"John Porter Merrell"},{"psg_id":"16213638","text":"his company was one of the largest pharmaceutical manufacturers of its time. George Merrell was president of the company and president of the board of directors of the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy. Stanley W. Merrell attended Hughes High School for two years before graduating from the private Franklin School. He graduated B.A. from Harvard University in 1899 and LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1901. He returned to Cincinnati in the fall of 1901, passed the bar exam, and started a partnership with Bentley Matthews, a brother of Stanley Matthews of the United States Supreme Court, which would last until","title":"Stanley W. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"15068969","text":"Group to Charleston, South Carolina. From November 1945 until June 1948, Merrell served with the Air Transport Command at Cincinnati, Ohio, Memphis, Tennessee, Fort Totten, New York, and Westover Air Force Base, Massachusetts. Postwar reorganization changed the Air Transport Command into the Military Air Transport Service; and in July 1948, Merrell became chief of staff for MATS' Atlantic Division. After a year, he was made commander of Kindley Air Force Base, Bermuda. In September 1951, he was assigned to command the 1600th Air Transport Wing, operating out of Westover Air Force Base. From that post he went to the Air","title":"Jack G. Merrell"},{"psg_id":"13324025","text":"snares of vice and sin, They are waiting for your hand, Guide them to the promised land. Kathleen Merrell White Kathleen Merell White (November 25, 1889 - April 1, 1973) was an American minister, author, and senior leader in the Pillar of Fire Church, a Protestant denomination founded in 1901 by Bishop Alma White, Kathleen's mother-in-law. She was born as Kathleen Merrell Staats on November 25, 1889, to Anna F. and William Staats. Over the course of her career with the Pillar of Fire Church she held numerous titles including Financial Agent, Superintendent of Schools, Vice President, and Assistant Superintendent.","title":"Kathleen Merrell White"},{"psg_id":"13324019","text":"Kathleen Merrell White Kathleen Merell White (November 25, 1889 - April 1, 1973) was an American minister, author, and senior leader in the Pillar of Fire Church, a Protestant denomination founded in 1901 by Bishop Alma White, Kathleen's mother-in-law. She was born as Kathleen Merrell Staats on November 25, 1889, to Anna F. and William Staats. Over the course of her career with the Pillar of Fire Church she held numerous titles including Financial Agent, Superintendent of Schools, Vice President, and Assistant Superintendent. She married Bishop Arthur Kent White, the Church's second general superintendent, and together they jointly ran the","title":"Kathleen Merrell White"},{"psg_id":"12318879","text":"it to pregnant women. Richardson-Merrell submitted their new drug application (NDA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in June, 1960. During the application process, Richardson-Merrell asked the FDA for quick approval of the drug, and distributed 2.5 million tablets of thalidomide to 1,200 American doctors with the understanding that the drug was under investigation, a preemptive marketing strategy that was permissible at the time under existing regulations. Nearly 20,000 patients received the drug. Reviewing pharmacologist Frances Oldham Kelsey, who had joined the FDA just a month before the application's arrival, repeatedly denied the company's requests for permission to market","title":"Marion Merrell Dow"},{"psg_id":"12124767","text":"California. Gage executed likenesses of Lincoln in many stages of the president's life. In 1955 Gage starred in a short film \"The Face of Lincoln\", in which he modeled Lincoln's features while narrating the story of his life. The film, produced by Wilber T. Blume, won an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. Gage executed numerous commissions in the Los Angeles area and served on the sculpture commission for the 1936 Olympics. His film The Face of Jesus was nominated for Academy Awards in 1962. Robert Merrell Gage Robert Merrell Gage (December 26, 1892 – October 30, 1981)","title":"Robert Merrell Gage"},{"psg_id":"14271907","text":"of a shoe, including the sole, flap, heel and cords. When Munich receives the order, the factory produces those shoes, and delivers it within 2 weeks. \"Munich My Way\" also offers the possibility of buying a different size of the right shoe compared to the left one. This is specially useful for soccer and futsal players who often require a bigger size for the shoe used to shoot. Munich (sport shoes) Munich (, ) is a Spanish company and brand specialized in sport and fashion shoes. The company headquarters are located in Capellades, province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Munich produces","title":"Munich (sport shoes)"},{"psg_id":"16520225","text":"1875, then aboard the screw frigate in the North Atlantic Squadron from 1875 to 1877. He was the officer-in-charge of the Naval Ordnance Proving Ground from 1877 to 1879. In 1879, Merrell returned to sea, serving aboard the third-rate screw steamer in the North Atlantic Squadron and South Atlantic Squadron until 1881, when he transferred to the screw sloop-of-war in the North Atlantic Squadron, remaining aboard her until 1882. After leaving \"Shenandoah\", Merrell taught mathematics, physics, mechanics, and chemistry at the U.S. Naval Academy from 1882 to 1887, then returned to sea from 1887 to 1889 as a member of","title":"John Porter Merrell"},{"psg_id":"9923634","text":"Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson, 478 U.S. 804 (1986), was a United States Supreme Court decision involving the original jurisdiction of the federal district courts under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 (federal question jurisdiction). The Thompsons, residents of Canada, and the MacTavishes, residents of Scotland, filed virtually identical complaints against Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals in the Court of Common Pleas in Hamilton County, Ohio, claiming negligence, fraud, breach of warranty, and misbranding in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). The mother in each family had taken the drug Bendectin during pregnancy","title":"Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson"},{"psg_id":"17618760","text":"created under the ownership of Herring shoes concentrates on unique designs and indulgence. All of the shoes are made in Northamptonshire, England where the factories are specialists in the Goodyear welting process that is at the core of the designs. Some lines also have oak bark soles and in-channel stitching where the welt stitch is cleverly hidden within the sole. Wildsmith was bought in 2016 by Herring Shoes as a sub-brand to keep the famous Wildsmith name alive. The company continues to work with Northamptonshire cordwainers. Wildsmith shoes are sold worldwide, with a price range generally between £300 and £500.","title":"Wildsmith Shoes"},{"psg_id":"11459427","text":"Martin Avdeitch. The story begins with a background on Martin's life. He was a fine cobbler as he did his work well and never promised to do something that he could not do. He stayed busy with his work in his basement that had only one window. Through this window he could see only the feet of people. He was still able to recognize most people by their shoes as he had worked with most of the shoes at least once. He had a wife, but she died, and all their children had died in their infancy except a three-year-old","title":"Where Love Is, God Is"},{"psg_id":"16520227","text":"anti-foreign riots in Szechuan in the Chinese Empire. Merrell was promoted to commander on 1 November 1896 and was inspector in the 13th Lighthouse District from 1896 until January 1898, when he joined the staff of the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. After the Spanish–American War broke out in April 1898, he transferred in May 1898 to the North Atlantic Squadron, where he served aboard the steamer and the stores ship . Leaving \"Glacier\", he became the equipment officer at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York, in October 1898. He then served aboard the protected","title":"John Porter Merrell"},{"psg_id":"19095212","text":"of their foreign parent which helped them sail through the restructuring exercise. Carona did not have that luxury. Bata was able to sustain itself by launching new models at affordable price ranges. But Carona was not able to excite the market with new launches. Both Bata and Carona had its own showrooms which became expensive to maintain. Carona went in to BIFR fold in 1998. Carona Shoes Incorporated in 1953, Carona Shoes, managed by the Sahu family till 1984, was earlier called as Carona Sahu Shoe company. In 1984, the company headquarters in D N Road (near Fort) was engulfed","title":"Carona Shoes"},{"psg_id":"19095208","text":"Carona Shoes Incorporated in 1953, Carona Shoes, managed by the Sahu family till 1984, was earlier called as Carona Sahu Shoe company. In 1984, the company headquarters in D N Road (near Fort) was engulfed fire and in one sense the slide began from there. In 1984, the company was acquired by the Khataus after which it got the present name. The company used to manufacture canvas and rubber footwear of all kinds. It had its manufacturing facilities in Mumbai (Jogeshwari), Aurangabad and Ahmedabad. In 1989, the company entered into a technical agreement with Puma AG Rudolf Dassler Sport, Germany,","title":"Carona Shoes"},{"psg_id":"13750373","text":"Bata Shoes Head Office The Bata Shoes Head Office in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was Bata Shoes' former headquarters. The white, pavilion-like building, designed by architect John B. Parkin and completed in 1965 was considered by many as an example of the Modern Movement in architecture. Located atop a hill on Wynford Drive, by the major intersection of Eglinton Avenue and the Don Mills Road in the district of North York, its architecture and location made it a well-known landmark in the city. It was identified by the Toronto Society of Architects as one of 96 significant buildings and public spaces","title":"Bata Shoes Head Office"},{"psg_id":"17656503","text":"of red shoes. Starting from the shop window where the shoes were purchased and ending at a mountain of discarded shoes of the victims in a mass grave of the Auschwitz concentration camp. The main object in a shot is a pair of the shoes. There are no dialogues in a shot and we see no human faces but only their shoes. The film is accompanied by an original soundtrack inspired by Jewish folk motives. In 2013 the Deputy Director of Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography Efim Rezvan on behalf of the Museum presented the film an","title":"Shoes (2012 film)"},{"psg_id":"18520014","text":"debate in other competitions. Competitors were awarded points (similar to the ISU system used in Olympic judging) for their performances based on a variety of criteria instead of being forced to compete in a bracket system that is better suited for other sports. After seeing a need in the Hydroflight Sports community for a wireless remote control throttle, Merrell teamed up with (title) Jeff Elkins to create one. In August 2014 they designed and began manufacturing their beta version of their wireless remote control throttle, aptly named “The F4 Flight Controller”. After witnessing issues with other products that would lose","title":"Ben Merrell"},{"psg_id":"12281123","text":"It was acquired in 1815 by the Merrell family, who would operate it has a tavern for over a century. The Merrells enlarged the building, adding its third story ballroom and its two-story porch in 1838. The inn's taproom is remarkably well-preserved, with nearly all of its original features intact, including painted oak graining. The inn was acquired in the 20th century by the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now Historic New England, or HNE), which operated it as one of its museum properties for a time. It has since been sold into private ownership, with preservation","title":"Merrell Tavern"},{"psg_id":"4532689","text":"matter of law, discussions, corrections, and recriminations on this point from time to time vex attorneys and others among whom the subject of this case arises. Michael H. Gottesman, Jason Daubert's attorney reports that Daubert and his family do not affect the French pronunciation, which would be sounded similar to \"dough-bear\" . Rather, they pronounce their family name in the same manner as \"Dow-Burt\". The popular use of the French pronunciation may have arisen from Gottesman refraining from correcting the justices during oral argument before the Supreme Court. Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,","title":"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc."},{"psg_id":"4532675","text":"Bendectin had caused the birth defects. Merrell Dow removed the case to federal court, and then moved for summary judgment because their expert submitted documents showing that no published scientific study demonstrated a link between Bendectin and birth defects. Daubert and Schuller submitted expert evidence of their own that suggested that Bendectin could cause birth defects. Daubert and Schuller's evidence, however, was based on \"in vitro\" and \"in vivo\" animal studies, pharmacological studies, and reanalysis of other published studies, and these methodologies had not yet gained acceptance within the general scientific community. The district court granted summary judgment for Merrell","title":"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc."},{"psg_id":"10959869","text":"maid, stunned by what has transpired, simply asks Kyle if he believes in ghosts. At a neighbor's house near where Maddie ran off, their maid is taking out the trash, when she notices Susan's shoes in the trash can and claims them for herself, and picks up the dropped gun. This woman suddenly feels the need to cross the street to the Montgomery manor, where she enters the access code and goes inside. Gunshots are heard, presumably resulting in Kyle's death. Dead Woman's Shoes \"Dead Woman's Shoes\" is the first segment of the ninth episode from the first season (1985–86)","title":"Dead Woman's Shoes"},{"psg_id":"13750376","text":"they might appear: They are a direct quotation from one of the buildings commissioned by Emhart Manufacturing Co. in Connecticut designed by the eminent American modernist firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. From 2003 to 2004, the Bata head office operations were moved to Lausanne, Switzerland. Bata retained offices in Toronto for the headquarters for its \"Power\" brand of footwear in Toronto and the Bata Shoe Museum is also located in Toronto. In 2010, work on the Aga Khan Museum, the Ismaili Centre, Toronto and the park began. The project was completed in 2014. Bata Shoes Head Office The Bata Shoes","title":"Bata Shoes Head Office"},{"psg_id":"16094472","text":"Fuck-me shoes Fuck-me shoes, alternatively fuck-me boots, is a slang term for women's high-heeled shoes that exaggerate a sexual image. The term can be applied to any women's shoes that are worn with the intention of arousing others. It is sometimes used to imply condemnation against the women who choose to wear them or in a misogynistic fashion toward the women who wear them. The term is similar in meaning to \"kinky boots\", although typically \"kinky boots\" refer more specifically to boots suited to a particular fetish. The phrase possibly originated in the United States, where two similar terms are","title":"Fuck-me shoes"},{"psg_id":"12806252","text":"\"Los Angeles Times\", the company received order requests for nine times the available stock online, and 10,000 pairs were sold in the first year. The first batch of 10,000 free shoes were distributed in October 2006 to Argentine children. In 2007, the company launched its annual \"One Day Without Shoes\" event where people are encouraged not to wear shoes for one day in order to raise awareness about the impact shoes can have on a child's life. The event has had corporate sponsors such as AOL, Flickr, and the Discovery Channel. By 2011, over 500 retailers carried the brand globally","title":"Toms Shoes"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9066377\",\n \"text\": \"bearing his name. That same year the company sold its 25,000th pair of boots. In 1987, Merrell was purchased by Karhu. The new owners moved production of Merrell products to Asia, reducing retail prices and expanding sales. In 1988, sales of Merrell products topped the $4 million mark. A period of rapid growth for Merrell followed with 1989 sales increasing by 50%, to the $6 million mark. By 1990, some 300,000 pairs of shoes and boots were being sold annually, with sales for the year topping the $10 million mark for the first time. The company became a global enterprise,\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9066378\",\n \"text\": \"with divisions established in Canada, the United Kingdom, Scandinavia and the United States. The year 1992 saw another doubling of the company's sales volume, topping the $20 million mark. By the middle of the decade, Merrell products were being sold in 22 countries. In 1997, Karhu sold Merrell to Wolverine World Wide, a large footwear corporation which manufactured Hush Puppies shoes and Wolverine brand boots. In the year of the Wolverine acquisition, Merrell sales volume totaled $23 million. Wolverine introduced a new lighter-weight sensibility to the line, beginning with a trail running shoe called the \\\"Jungle Runner.\\\" This initial foray\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20059558\",\n \"text\": \"Jamil Merrell Jamil Merrell (born May 9, 1990) is an American football defensive lineman who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Rutgers University and attended Hodgson Vo-Tech High School in Newark, Delaware. He has also been a member of the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles KISS. Merrell attended Hodgson Vo-Tech High School, where he played with his twin brother Jamal. Merrell played for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights from 2009 to 2013. After attended a tryout for the Chicago Bears, Merrell signed with the Brooklyn Bolts of the Fall Experimental Football League. In late November, 2014, the\",\n \"title\": \"Jamil Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19767532\",\n \"text\": \"Homer Merrell Homer Merrell (October 2, 1845 - January 18, 1916) was a Justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court from November 24, 1890 to January 2, 1893. Born in Pittsford, New York, Merrell served in the American Civil War as a soldier and a military correspondent. After the war, he entered the mercantile business in Philadelphia, and then the real estate business in Chicago, where he read law to gain admission to the bar. In the wake of the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, Merrell \\\"moved to Laramie and later Rawlins, Wyoming\\\", where he \\\"built a large practice and invested\",\n \"title\": \"Homer Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19767534\",\n \"text\": \"of Chief Justice Willis Van Devanter. Merrell resigned on January 2, 1893 and returned to Rawlins. In 1905, he married Gertrude Huntington, one of the first female newspaper editors in Wyoming. Merrell suffered a stroke in March 1911, and \\\"never fully recovered\\\". He entered the State Hospital in Evanston, Wyoming, shortly thereafter, where he remained until his death. Homer Merrell Homer Merrell (October 2, 1845 - January 18, 1916) was a Justice of the Wyoming Supreme Court from November 24, 1890 to January 2, 1893. Born in Pittsford, New York, Merrell served in the American Civil War as a soldier\",\n \"title\": \"Homer Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15068970\",\n \"text\": \"War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, where he graduated in 1954. He had his next duty tour at U.S. Air Force Headquarters in Washington where he was assigned to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, chief of the Plans and Programs Division, in July 1954, and a year later as deputy director, Directorate of Personnel Planning. Merrell was reassigned to MATS at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey, in 1959. There he was deputy commander, then commander of its Eastern Transport component. From McGuire he went to MATS Headquarters, Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, in\",\n \"title\": \"Jack G. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20059559\",\n \"text\": \"Bears signed Merrell to the practice squad. Merrell was assigned to the Los Angeles KISS of the Arena Football League for the 2016 season. On November 17, 2016, Merrell signed with the Colorado Crush. On March 15, 2016, Merrell was placed on season-ending injured reserve. Jamil Merrell Jamil Merrell (born May 9, 1990) is an American football defensive lineman who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Rutgers University and attended Hodgson Vo-Tech High School in Newark, Delaware. He has also been a member of the Chicago Bears and Los Angeles KISS. Merrell attended Hodgson Vo-Tech High\",\n \"title\": \"Jamil Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9972484\",\n \"text\": \"James Merrell James Hart Merrell (born 1953, Minnesota) is the Lucy Maynard Salmon Professor of History at Vassar College. Professor Merrell is one of the leading scholars of early American history, and has written extensively on Native American history during the colonial era. Professor Merrell is one of only five historians to be awarded the Bancroft Prize twice. He was raised in Minnesota. Merrell earned his undergraduate degree at Lawrence University and continued his studies at Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar. He received his Ph.D. from The Johns Hopkins University in 1982. Merrell was a Fellow at The Newberry\",\n \"title\": \"James Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19221751\",\n \"text\": \"Mike Merrell Michael Wayne Merrell (born June 25, 1973) is an American competition swimmer, one of the world's top butterfliers and a 7-time All-American. Mike swam at USC under both coach Peter Daland and Mark Schubert. He holds University of Southern California Top Ten Times in both the 100 fly (47.93) and 200 fly (1:44.78), and held the school record in the 200m butterfly for over 20 years until 2016. In 1994-95, Merrell represented the United States at the Summer Universiade Games in Fukuoka, where he won a silver medal in the 200 fly. He also competed in the 1996\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9066375\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell (company) Merrell is an American footwear company founded by Clark Matis, Randy Merrell, and John Schweizer in 1981 as a maker of high-performance hiking boots. Since 1997, the company has been a wholly owned subsidiary of shoe industry giant Wolverine World Wide. The company recorded total sales of footwear and clothing of nearly $500 million in 2010. Merrell was established in 1981 when two executives for the Rossignol ski company, Clark Matis and John Schweizer, decided to launch a new maker of hiking boots, The pair decided to join forces with Randal Ivan Merrell (R.I. Merrell), a maker of\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12318886\",\n \"text\": \"altogether. Marion Merrell Dow Marion Merrell Dow and its predecessor Marion Laboratories was a U.S. pharmaceutical company based in Kansas City, Missouri from 1950 until 1996. The company specialized in bringing to market drugs that had been discovered but unmarketed by other companies including Cardizem which treats arrhythmias and high blood pressure, Carafate (an ulcer treatment), Gaviscon (an antacid), Seldane (a withdrawn antihistamine), Nicorette (anti-smoking gum) and Cepacol mouthwash. The company operating out of its headquarters at 9300 Ward Parkway was a springboard for its founder Ewing Marion Kauffman to start the Kansas City Royals baseball team. The company traces\",\n \"title\": \"Marion Merrell Dow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12318876\",\n \"text\": \"Marion Merrell Dow Marion Merrell Dow and its predecessor Marion Laboratories was a U.S. pharmaceutical company based in Kansas City, Missouri from 1950 until 1996. The company specialized in bringing to market drugs that had been discovered but unmarketed by other companies including Cardizem which treats arrhythmias and high blood pressure, Carafate (an ulcer treatment), Gaviscon (an antacid), Seldane (a withdrawn antihistamine), Nicorette (anti-smoking gum) and Cepacol mouthwash. The company operating out of its headquarters at 9300 Ward Parkway was a springboard for its founder Ewing Marion Kauffman to start the Kansas City Royals baseball team. The company traces its\",\n \"title\": \"Marion Merrell Dow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9066380\",\n \"text\": \"with the style continuing in production to the present date. In 2007, the Merrell line was expanded yet again to include apparel and accessories. By 2010, Merrell products were being sold in 151 countries. Annual sales for the brand totaled nearly $500 million in 2010. The company operates 116 of its own concept stores around the world, with another 20 to 25 new stores planned to open in 2011. Merrell has declared that it is aiming for 15% of its sales to come through company stores and e-commerce sometime in the near future. Merrell (company) Merrell is an American footwear\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20209584\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell, of Herkimer Co., who both fought in the American Revolutionary War. Clement attended the State Normal School and then Yale University, where he was a member of Scroll & Key and where he graduated from in 1882. Following his graduation from Yale, he traveled around Europe with friends visiting Persia. In 1883, he returned to Buffalo and within two years, was made Cashier at The Marine Bank. By 1895, three years after the death of his father, he became president of the Bank. He spearheaded the construction of the Bank's headquarters, the Marine Trust Building, designed by his friend,\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Merrell Clement\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6785985\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell Center The Leonard E. Merrell Center (commonly known as the Merrell Center) is a 7,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Katy, Texas. It was built in 2005 and was the former home of the Katy Copperheads (National Indoor Football League) and the Katy Ruff Riders of the Intense Football League. Since 2008 the Merrell Center has hosted the Southland Conference Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments. The Houston Stallions of the Lone Star Football League moved to the Merrell Center in 2011. As a concert venue the arena seats 1,500 for theater shows and up to 7,200 for arena concerts. Capacity for\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6785986\",\n \"text\": \"athletic events is 5,794. The arena can seat up to 1,200 for banquets. The arena contains a 21,600-square-foot (120' by 180') arena floor, big enough for small trade shows, a meeting room that can be divisible into three smaller rooms, and a lobby. The arena is also used for commencement ceremonies and high school basketball. Adjacent to the Merrell Center is the Katy ISD L. D. Robinson Pavilion & Rodeo Arena. Merrell Center The Leonard E. Merrell Center (commonly known as the Merrell Center) is a 7,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Katy, Texas. It was built in 2005 and was the\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20346854\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell Twins Veronica Jo Merrell and Vanessa Jo Merrell (born August 6, 1996), known as the Merrell Twins, are identical twin American YouTubers, actresses, and musicians. Veronica and Vanessa are identical twin sisters born in Kansas City, Missouri on August 6, 1996. They grew up in Kansas City before moving to Los Angeles, California, at the age of 16 to pursue a career in acting. The Merrell twins started making YouTube videos in 2009. Their videos are produced and edited by their father, Paul Merrell. They have appeared in AwesomenessTV videos and had recurring roles on the television show \\\"Jane\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Twins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12281124\",\n \"text\": \"easements held by HNE. Merrell Tavern The Merrell Tavern, known more recently as the Merrell Inn, is a historic tavern at 1565 Pleasant Street (Massachusetts Route 102) in South Lee, Massachusetts. Built in 1794 as a residence, it has served for most of two centuries as a local traveler's accommodation, and retains fine Federal period architectural details. > It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It continues to serve its historic function, and is now operated as a bed and breakfast inn. The Merrell Tavern is located on the south side of Pleasant Street, near\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Tavern\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12281121\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell Tavern The Merrell Tavern, known more recently as the Merrell Inn, is a historic tavern at 1565 Pleasant Street (Massachusetts Route 102) in South Lee, Massachusetts. Built in 1794 as a residence, it has served for most of two centuries as a local traveler's accommodation, and retains fine Federal period architectural details. > It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It continues to serve its historic function, and is now operated as a bed and breakfast inn. The Merrell Tavern is located on the south side of Pleasant Street, near the western end of\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Tavern\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8774634\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell Fankhauser Merrell Wayne Fankhauser (born December 23, 1943, Louisville, Kentucky, United States) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist, who was most active in the 1960s and 1970s with bands including the Impacts, Merrell & the Exiles, HMS Bounty, Fankhauser-Cassidy Band, and MU. In addition, 12 songs recorded by Merrell & the Exiles were later released under the group name Fapardokly, even though that group never actually existed. After moving to San Luis Obispo, California in his teens, he began playing guitar, and got his first break playing in movie theaters and talent shows. In 1960, after one of\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Fankhauser\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13078923\",\n \"text\": \"a variety of vendors. Takken's Shoes Takken's Shoes is an independent shoe retailer with 24 stores in California (USA) and two retail websites (Takkens.com and Takkens.shoes). Specializing in comfort and family footwear, Takken's Shoes is also one of the largest UGG Australia retailers in the world. The corporate headquarters are located in San Luis Obispo, CA where the first Takken's Shoes was opened in 1937 by Harry Takken as a shoe repair business. Takken's shoes opened in 1937 as a shoe repair shop in San Luis Obispo, California. The business was successful as such (largely attributed to Harry's customer service\",\n \"title\": \"Takken's Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13078916\",\n \"text\": \"Takken's Shoes Takken's Shoes is an independent shoe retailer with 24 stores in California (USA) and two retail websites (Takkens.com and Takkens.shoes). Specializing in comfort and family footwear, Takken's Shoes is also one of the largest UGG Australia retailers in the world. The corporate headquarters are located in San Luis Obispo, CA where the first Takken's Shoes was opened in 1937 by Harry Takken as a shoe repair business. Takken's shoes opened in 1937 as a shoe repair shop in San Luis Obispo, California. The business was successful as such (largely attributed to Harry's customer service and charisma), and was\",\n \"title\": \"Takken's Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16213637\",\n \"text\": \"Stanley W. Merrell Stanley W. Merrell was a lawyer from a prominent Cincinnati family in the U.S. State of Ohio. He was a local judge and prosecutor, and was appointed a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court in 1919. Stanley W. Merrell was born on Mt. Hope Road, Price Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio, December 26, 1876. He was the son of George and Cornelia Spear Merrell, and grandson of William Stanley Merrell, founder of the \\\"William S. Merrell Company\\\". William Stanley Merrell was the \\\"first educated chemist to take up residence west of the Allegheny Mountains\\\", discovered and introduced podophyllin, and\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley W. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18520010\",\n \"text\": \"Ben Merrell Benjamin Judson Merrell also known as Ben Merrell (born July 26, 1983) is a world-ranked hydroflight athlete. He placed third in the world at the 2013 Flyboard World Cup Championship in Doha, Qatar. Since then, he has become well-known and well-respected as a competitor and innovator who works tirelessly to improve hydroflight sports by promoting cutting-edge products such as the X-Jet's Jetblade and Flytronics' wireless Remote Throttle Control (RTC). After graduating, Merrell enlisted in the U.S. Army shortly after 9/11. He completed basic training and Airborne Qualification at Fort Benning, Georgia. He served as an infantryman and was\",\n \"title\": \"Ben Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19221752\",\n \"text\": \"US Olympic Trials where he placed 8th in the 200 fly. In 1993-94, Merrell represented the United States at the Pan Pacific Games in Kobe, Japan, where he was the consolation winner in both fly events. At the 1994 NCAA Championships, he placed fourth in the 200 fly (1:45.20) and 11th in the 100 fly (48.32). He also help the team to an eighth-place finish in 800 free relay. In 1992-92, Merrell earned All-America honors for the second straight year after finishing sixth in the 100 fly (47.93) and third in the 200 fly (1:44.93) ath the 1993 NCAAs, the\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12318881\",\n \"text\": \"1980 and it became Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. The former Richardson Merrell became Richardson Vicks. In 1985, Richardson Vicks was acquired by Procter & Gamble. In the U.S., Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals was a named party in at least two major United States Supreme Court cases: In 1989 Dow Chemical acquired 67 percent interest of Marion Laboratories, which was renamed Marion Merrell Dow. Among the products Merrell Dow brought that would be shortly marketed were Seldane, Lorelco, Nicorette and Cepacol. The merger was considered a good fit because of Marion Laboratories strong sales force and Merrell Dow's strong research and development capabilities.\",\n \"title\": \"Marion Merrell Dow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12798744\",\n \"text\": \"that they played before they became homeless. Music plays out as the fate of Frank and his family remain unknown to us. Yet his loss of the apartment stills gives a glib outcome for a family hit hard by poverty. Lisa Schwartzbaum of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" described the film as \\\"Italian neorealism meets A Christmas Carol.\\\" Nick Pinkerton of the \\\"Village Voice\\\" writes that Stabile \\\"gets interesting scenes [...] though the movie's vérité is diluted by a cozy, adult-contemporary empathy with those less fortunate.\\\" Where God Left His Shoes Where God Left His Shoes is a 2007 drama film written and\",\n \"title\": \"Where God Left His Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12798739\",\n \"text\": \"Where God Left His Shoes Where God Left His Shoes is a 2007 drama film written and directed by Salvatore Stabile and starring John Leguizamo, Leonor Varela, Samantha Rose, Jerry Ferrara, and Adriane Lenox. It was first distributed through a limited release by IFC Films on 12 December 2008. The title of the movie is an old Italian saying that Stabile's father used to say about good places. Frank Diaz (John Leguizamo), an unemployed boxer, and his family have been living in a homeless shelter for months when, finally, on Christmas Eve, comes word that an apartment may be available.\",\n \"title\": \"Where God Left His Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17231225\",\n \"text\": \"Bond: How Sibling Connections Influence Adult Relationships\\\" in 1997. A graduate of Cornell University's College of Arts & Sciences, Susan Scarf Merrell received her MFA from The Bennington Writing Seminars at Bennington College and currently teaches in the MFA program at Stony Brook Southampton. She is also Director of the Southampton Writers Conference. Married to architect James Merrell, she is the daughter of best-selling journalist Maggie Scarf and economist Herbert Scarf. She has two sisters, Martha Samuelson and Betsy S. Stone. Susan Scarf Merrell Susan Scarf Merrell is an American author specializing in the novel, short story, and essay. Her\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Scarf Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12318877\",\n \"text\": \"roots back to 1828 when William S. Merrell opened the Western Market Drug Store at Sixth Street and Western Row (now Central Avenue) in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio. Merrell expanded into the wholesale drug business. Following his death in 1880 his sons formed the William S. Merrell Chemical Company. In the 1930s, it merged with a company started by Lunsford Richardson to become Richardson-Merrell. Richardson's most notable product was Vicks VapoRub (named in honor of his brother-in-law Dr. Joshua Vick, a Selma, North Carolina physician. In 1958, Richardson-Merrell acquired the English company Milton Antiseptic Ltd. A team at William S. Merrell\",\n \"title\": \"Marion Merrell Dow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11379204\",\n \"text\": \"Valley in Antarctica is named after it. The USNS \\\"Pvt. Joseph F Merrell\\\" was scrapped in 1974. A plaque dedicated to Private Merrell's honor is in the Clove Lakes Park, Staten Island, NY. Joseph F. Merrell Joseph Frederick Merrell (August 21, 1926 – April 18, 1945) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration – the Medal of Honor – for his actions in World War II. Merrell joined the Army from his birthplace of Staten Island in August 1944 (a week after his 18th birthday), and by April 18, 1945, was\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph F. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20346855\",\n \"text\": \"the Virgin\\\". They appeared in the 2016 film \\\"The Standoff\\\". At the 8th Shorty Awards, they won for YouNower of the Year. They won a Streamy Award for Best Live Social Media in 2016. In 2018, they were nominated for two Teen Choice Awards, Choice Female Web Star and Choice YouTuber. Their show won the 2018 Streamy Award in the Lifestyle category. Merrell Twins Veronica Jo Merrell and Vanessa Jo Merrell (born August 6, 1996), known as the Merrell Twins, are identical twin American YouTubers, actresses, and musicians. Veronica and Vanessa are identical twin sisters born in Kansas City, Missouri\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Twins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9972485\",\n \"text\": \"Library Center for the History of the American Indian in Chicago and at the Institute of Early American History and Culture in Williamsburg, Virginia. He has also received fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. He has taught at Vassar College since 1984, except for the 1998-1999 academic year, when he was a professor at Northwestern University. James Merrell James Hart Merrell (born 1953, Minnesota) is the Lucy Maynard Salmon Professor of History at Vassar College. Professor Merrell is one of the leading scholars of early\",\n \"title\": \"James Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19221756\",\n \"text\": \"the 100 fly in 1990 and was world-ranked in both the 100-meter fly and 200-meter fly (2:01.44) in 1990. Personal records: Merrell currently lives in Marin County, California, with his wife Erika and their three sons: Chase, Cooper, and Brody. He is Head Coach for the Lucas Valley Lightning Swim Team in San Rafael, CA which is part of the Marin Swim League. Mike Merrell Michael Wayne Merrell (born June 25, 1973) is an American competition swimmer, one of the world's top butterfliers and a 7-time All-American. Mike swam at USC under both coach Peter Daland and Mark Schubert. He\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16520231\",\n \"text\": \"Annapolis, Maryland, and the Army and Navy Club in Manila in the Philippine Islands. Merrell fell ill while visiting his daughter and son-in-law in New London, Connecticut, late in 1916, and died in their apartment on 8 December 1916. He is buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery. John Porter Merrell Rear Admiral John Porter Merrell (7 September 1846 – 8 December 1916) was an officer in the United States Navy. He served in the Spanish–American War and as the 11th President of the Naval War College. Merrell was born in Auburn, New York, on 7 September 1846, the\",\n \"title\": \"John Porter Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8774636\",\n \"text\": \"Surf, Impact, Steel Pier, Tandem, Sea Horse, Beep Beep, Lisa, and Church Key\\\" the recordings were taken by Norman Knowles and Tony Hilder to Del-Fi records where owner Bob Keene signed the album for immediate release. Knowles and Hilder never revealed to the band how much money they made by doing this, however, they also tricked the young band into signing a contract for one dollar. Merrell and his band was unable to collect royalties on this music for 36 years thereafter, as Hilder and Knowles claimed both artist and publishing royalties with Del-Fi Records. Unfortunately, Merrell would encounter many\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Fankhauser\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18520012\",\n \"text\": \"where his huge, arcing back dolphins, daring trick combinations, and crowd-pleasing showmanship put him on the winners platform in 3rd place. This led to sponsorships from Skat-Trak and Powerfly Products, national and international performances, and attention from other companies looking to place their products on the market. After a summer of Flyboard performances, a competitor company, X-Jetpacks, contacted Merrell in August 2014 about trying out a new Hydroflight product they called the Jetblade. With no contract interest from Flyboard, Merrell decided to test this new board and absolutely loved it. His endorsement of the Jetblade created a firestorm of controversy\",\n \"title\": \"Ben Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18520011\",\n \"text\": \"stationed at Schofield Barracks in Oahu, Hawaii. For 12 months during 2004 and 2005, he was deployed to Kandahar, Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. After being honorably discharged in 2006, he moved home to Florida where he began his own business, Power Up Watersports. After ventures in car sales and real estate, Merrell found his passion in 2012 and started one of the first United States Flyboard rental companies, Power Up Watersports, located in the panhandle city of Destin, Florida. Merrell quickly became proficient on the Flyboard and qualified to compete in the 2013 World Flyboard Championship in Doha, Qatar\",\n \"title\": \"Ben Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10143830\",\n \"text\": \"While living in New York City, Jackson performed with dance companies, appeared in Broadway musicals, and did commercial spots for 7 Up soft drink. He was also a painter. Merrell Jackson Merrell Jackson (April 26, 1952 – February 23, 1991) was an actor who played one of the apostles in the film \\\"Godspell\\\" (1973). He sang \\\"All Good Gifts\\\". Jackson graduated from Chicago's Calumet High School in 1971, where he was a soloist for the a cappella chorus, and had leading roles in two stage productions for which he won the \\\"best actor\\\" award. During his senior year he played\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10143827\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell Jackson Merrell Jackson (April 26, 1952 – February 23, 1991) was an actor who played one of the apostles in the film \\\"Godspell\\\" (1973). He sang \\\"All Good Gifts\\\". Jackson graduated from Chicago's Calumet High School in 1971, where he was a soloist for the a cappella chorus, and had leading roles in two stage productions for which he won the \\\"best actor\\\" award. During his senior year he played King Melchior in a school production of the Christmas opera \\\"Amahl and the Night Visitors\\\" that was shown on local television TV 26, and was an understudy in the\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Jackson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16213641\",\n \"text\": \"he was buried at Spring Grove Cemetery. Stanley W. Merrell was married April, 1905 to Mary Louise Caldwell of Cincinnati. They had daughters named Alice and Mina Louise. Merrell was associated fraternally with the Avon Lodge of A. F. and A. M. Stanley W. Merrell Stanley W. Merrell was a lawyer from a prominent Cincinnati family in the U.S. State of Ohio. He was a local judge and prosecutor, and was appointed a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court in 1919. Stanley W. Merrell was born on Mt. Hope Road, Price Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio, December 26, 1876. He was the\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley W. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20423138\",\n \"text\": \"Margaret Merrell Margaret Merrell (December 3, 1900 – 21, 1995) was an American biostatistician who taught at Johns Hopkins University for many years and became the first female full professor in the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. She is known for her research with Lowell Reed on the construction of life tables. She also observed that, for longitudinal data on individuals, fitting a curve to each individual and then averaging the parameters describing the curve will typically give different results than averaging the data values of the individuals and fitting a single curve to the averaged data. Merrell was\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18520017\",\n \"text\": \"Qatar (2013) Placed 9th in the 2014 National Flyboard Championship held in Toronto, Canada (2014) Interview with Leslie Roberts on The Morning Show in Toronto, Canada (2014) Photography in National Geographic Traveller India (2012) Articles in Emerald Coast Magazine (2013 & 2014) Article in Northwest Florida Daily News (2013) Article in Destin Log (2013 & 2014) Article in Beaches, Resorts, and Parks (2014) Article in Destin Magazine (2014) Destin Boat Parade (2013) Ben Merrell Benjamin Judson Merrell also known as Ben Merrell (born July 26, 1983) is a world-ranked hydroflight athlete. He placed third in the world at the 2013\",\n \"title\": \"Ben Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5189193\",\n \"text\": \"Wolff studied mathematics and philosophy at Stanford and Harvard. At Stanford, he was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1911. He briefly taught mathematics at Stanford in 1914, but left academia the following year. In 1920, Wolff married Sarah Merrell Briggs. The couple joined their original surnames; hence Wolff became Franklin Merrell-Wolff. Merrell-Wolff and his wife founded an esoteric group called the \\\"Assembly of Man\\\" in 1928, which congregated in an ashram in the Sierra Nevada mountains near Mount Whitney. Sarah Merrell-Wolff, also known as Sherifa, died in 1959. Franklin Merrell-Wolff remarried and lived the rest of his\",\n \"title\": \"Franklin Merrell-Wolff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14978833\",\n \"text\": \"a family brand that offers comfortable, high- quality shoes for every age group. Consequently, its collections consist of models for men, women and children and include casual, business and evening shoes as well as sandals and slippers. Erich Rohde GmbH has an own creative centre at its headquarters where all models of the company's two brands are designs and distributed via a dispatch centre. Every year, the company introduces two new collections and presents them on the international shoe fair GDS in Düsseldorf. Rohde Shoes Erich Rohde GmbH is a German shoe manufacturer headquartered in Schwalmstadt (Hesse). It is the\",\n \"title\": \"Rohde Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8481345\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi (; born William Merrell Vories; October 28, 1880 – May 7, 1964) was an educator, architect, entrepreneur, Christian lay missionary, and founder of the Omi Mission. Born in the United States, he later became a naturalized Japanese citizen. Merrell lived and worked mainly in Shiga Prefecture in Japan. With only limited formal training as an architect, he founded an architectural office in Shiga which employed over thirty professional staff and was responsible for the design of well over 1000 residential, commercial, and church structures in Japan and occupied Korea, prior to the Second World\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16520223\",\n \"text\": \"John Porter Merrell Rear Admiral John Porter Merrell (7 September 1846 – 8 December 1916) was an officer in the United States Navy. He served in the Spanish–American War and as the 11th President of the Naval War College. Merrell was born in Auburn, New York, on 7 September 1846, the son of John Camp Merrell and the former Jane A. Allen. He entered the United States Naval Academy on 20 July 1863, graduating in June 1867. Merrells first assignment was to the European Squadron from 1867 to 1870. While there, he served aboard the screw sloop-of-war from 1867 to\",\n \"title\": \"John Porter Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15068972\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell retired from the Air Force on September 12, 1972 and died on August 15, 1993. Jack G. Merrell General Jack Gordon Merrell (April 8, 1915 – August 15, 1993) was a United States Air Force four-star general who served as Commander, Air Force Logistics Command (COMAFLC) from 1968 to 1972. Merrell was born in Jeannette, Pennsylvania, in 1915. He graduated from high school in 1933, attended Braden's Preparatory at Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York, and then entered the United States Military Academy at West Point from which he graduated in the class of 1939 with a bachelor of science degree in\",\n \"title\": \"Jack G. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15068967\",\n \"text\": \"Jack G. Merrell General Jack Gordon Merrell (April 8, 1915 – August 15, 1993) was a United States Air Force four-star general who served as Commander, Air Force Logistics Command (COMAFLC) from 1968 to 1972. Merrell was born in Jeannette, Pennsylvania, in 1915. He graduated from high school in 1933, attended Braden's Preparatory at Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York, and then entered the United States Military Academy at West Point from which he graduated in the class of 1939 with a bachelor of science degree in military science. Merrell was first assigned to the Cavalry, but quickly secured a transfer to the\",\n \"title\": \"Jack G. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12318880\",\n \"text\": \"the drug, citing an insufficient number of controlled studies to establish risks. When studies revealed that 10,000 children worldwide had been born with severe birth defects from the drug, Merrell withdrew its application and recalled the remaining unconsumed tablets from doctors offices around the country. Ultimately, 17 children in the United States were born with defects. For correctly denying the application despite the pressure from Richardson-Merrell, Kelsey eventually received the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service at a 1962 ceremony with President John F. Kennedy. Dow Chemical acquired controlling interest of the Merrell pharmaceutical division of Richardson-Merrell company in\",\n \"title\": \"Marion Merrell Dow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11379203\",\n \"text\": \"own life so that his comrades could go on to victory. A former SS barracks in Nürnberg, Germany was acquired by the US Army and renamed the Merrell Barracks. The Merrell Barracks was vacated and returned to the German government in September 1992. A Staten Island Ferry boat was named after him (in service until 1982), as was the US Navy Freighter, the USNS Pvt. Joseph F Merrell. This ship served as a cargo ship during the Korean War and made expeditions to Antarctica in 1957 and again during operations Deep Freeze in 1962, '63, '64, and '65. The Merrell\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph F. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7143032\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell Q. Sharpe Merrell Quentin Sharpe (January 11, 1888 – January 22, 1962) was a Republican American politician from Kennebec, South Dakota. He was the attorney general of South Dakota from 1929 through 1933, and governor of South Dakota from 1943 through 1947. Sharpe was born in Marysville, Kansas (in Marshall County), on January 11, 1888. Educated in the public schools of Axtel, Kansas, he taught in rural schools two years before enlisting in the United States Navy, where he served for four years. He married Emily Auld and they had one child, Lorna Mae Sharpe. Sharpe worked as a\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Q. Sharpe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15068971\",\n \"text\": \"September 1960 to become deputy chief of staff for plans. In January 1962, he returned to Washington, D.C., to serve as director of the budget, Headquarters U.S. Air Force. He assumed the position of comptroller of the U.S. Air Force in November 1964. Merrell was named vice commander of U.S. Air Forces in Europe in August 1967, and became commander of the Air Force Logistics Command in March 1968. A command pilot, his decorations included the Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster, Distinguished Flying Cross, Air Medal, Army Commendation Medal, and the French Croix de Guerre.\",\n \"title\": \"Jack G. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8481350\",\n \"text\": \"was transported back to Ōmihachiman for medical treatment. He remained bedridden for seven years and passed away on the second floor of his house in May 7, 1964, at the age of 83. In 1958, Vories was awarded as the first Honorary Citizen of Omihachiman. He was posthumously honored the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class, by the Japanese government. His house in Ōmihachiman was currently the \\\"Vories Commemorative Museum\\\". Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi (; born William Merrell Vories; October 28, 1880 – May 7, 1964) was an educator, architect, entrepreneur, Christian lay missionary, and founder of\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20632680\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell v. Tice Merrell v. Tice, 104 U.S. 557 (1881), was a United States Supreme Court ruling dealing with copyright. At the time, a prerequisite for having a copyright was delivering two copies of the material to the Library of Congress within a time limit. Tice sued Merrell for copyright infringement and the lower courts were sympathetic; he just had to prove that he had observed that prerequisite. As evidence, Tice presented notes purportedly from the Library of Congress that certified that he had sent the book to the Library on time. Appeals of the case eventually landed it in\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell v. Tice\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20209589\",\n \"text\": \"$80,000 in June 1914 to endow the \\\"Stephen Merrell Clement Chair of Christian Methods in the School of Religion\\\" at Yale. His grandchildren include Samuel Prescott Bush Clement and Stuart Holmes Clement, Jr. Stephen Merrell Clement Stephen Merrell Clement or S. M. Clement, Jr. (November 4, 1859 – March 26, 1913) was an American banker, businessman and industrialist in Buffalo, New York. Clement was born on November 4, 1859 in Fredonia, New York to Stephen Mallory Clement (1825–1892) Sarah Elizabeth Leonard (1824–1891). His brother was Henry Clay Clement. His father founded the Fredonia Bank in 1855 and was president of\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Merrell Clement\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16520230\",\n \"text\": \"conference on 1 September 1908. Merrell was placed on the retirement list on 7 September 1908, but at the request of Secretary of the Navy Metcalf remained on active duty for an additional 13 months until 6 October 1909, when his college presidency ended and he left active Navy service. Merrell married Sarah Frances Tyler on 22 January 1872. The couple made their home in her home town, Marshall, Michigan. Merrell was a life member of the United States Naval Institute, as well as a member of the Army and Navy Club in Washington, D.C., the Naval Academy Club in\",\n \"title\": \"John Porter Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12124765\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Merrell Gage Robert Merrell Gage (December 26, 1892 – October 30, 1981) was an American sculptor, frequently credited or referred to as Merrell Gage. Gage was born in Topeka, Kansas and studied in the Topeka public schools and at Washburn University. He worked on ranches in the Midwest before settling on an art career. He studied art in New York and France and worked in the studio of Gutzon Borglum as an assistant. In 1916, he set up a sculpture studio in a barn behind his house in Topeka. His first public commission was for a statue of Abraham\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Merrell Gage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11379198\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph F. Merrell Joseph Frederick Merrell (August 21, 1926 – April 18, 1945) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration – the Medal of Honor – for his actions in World War II. Merrell joined the Army from his birthplace of Staten Island in August 1944 (a week after his 18th birthday), and by April 18, 1945, was serving as a private in Company I, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division. On that day, near Lohe (a suburb of Nuremberg), Germany, he singlehandedly attacked German positions that were firing on his\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph F. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16213639\",\n \"text\": \"1908, when Merrell went into practice alone. Merrell was elected a member-at-large of the Cincinnati City Council 1906 to 1908. He was the only Democrat on the council. He was assistant county prosecutor for Hamilton County, Ohio 1909 to 1911, and was appointed assistant city solicitor in 1912. He resigned when Governor James M. Cox appointed him a judge on the Cincinnati Superior Court on September 1, 1913. He was elected to a full six year term, (1/1/1914-12/31/1919), in November of that year. One month before the expiration of his term in Cincinnati, Merrell was appointed by Governor Cox to\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley W. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5189196\",\n \"text\": \"of his fundamental contributions to epistemology was the notion of \\\"Introception\\\", or \\\"Knowledge through Identity\\\". This represents a transcendent form of knowledge which is neither conceptual nor empirical. It is perhaps the simplest and clearest definition ever proposed, of what many mystics have called \\\"Gnosis\\\". Wolff's other published books detailing his experience and philosophy include \\\"The Philosophy of Consciousness Without an Object\\\" and \\\"Transformations in Consciousness: The Metaphysics and Epistemology\\\" (originally published under the title \\\"Introceptualism\\\"). Franklin Merrell-Wolff Franklin Merrell-Wolff (born Franklin Fowler Wolff; 11 July 1887 – 4 October 1985) was an American mystic and esoteric philosopher. After formal\",\n \"title\": \"Franklin Merrell-Wolff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9066376\",\n \"text\": \"highly-praised custom boots which retailed for $500 a pair. Matis set to work designing a more affordable high-performance boot, which was developed in 1982. Plans were made for production of the new line in factories located in Italy, a leading exporter of footwear to the world market at the time. In 1983, the new Merrell company delivered its first product to the market, making shipments to a pair of east coast retailers specializing in hiking gear. In 1986, Randy Merrell sought to return to his previous life as a maker of custom boots and sold his share of the company\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8774640\",\n \"text\": \"Fankhauser recorded a solo album, \\\"Maui\\\" (1976), before returning to California in the late 1970s. All his 1970s recordings have been reissued repeatedly in the CD format. Fankhauser continued to record, occasionally with friends including John Cipollina and more recently Ed Cassidy of Spirit in The Fankhauser Cassidy Band, as well as producing new surf albums credited to The Impacts. Fankhauser has also produced radio and TV shows such as his long-running \\\"Tiki Lounge\\\". In June 2015, Fankhauser released a mp3 rock album titled \\\"Signals from Malibu\\\". Merrell Fankhauser Merrell Wayne Fankhauser (born December 23, 1943, Louisville, Kentucky, United States)\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Fankhauser\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20423140\",\n \"text\": \"for motion sickness. As a faculty member at Johns Hopkins, she \\\"reportedly carried most of her department's teaching load\\\" and was described as \\\"the intellectual power behind the throne\\\" of the department. She was promoted to full professor in 1957, served as acting chair of biostatistics in 1957–1958, and retired in 1959. She died in 1995, in a nursing home in Berlin, New Hampshire. She was honored by the American Statistical Association in 1951 by election as a fellow of the association. Margaret Merrell Margaret Merrell (December 3, 1900 – 21, 1995) was an American biostatistician who taught at Johns\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19767533\",\n \"text\": \"in real estate\\\". Merrell was a member of the council of the Fifth Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Wyoming in 1877 and 1878. He served as a was County and Prosecuting Attorney of Carbon County, Wyoming, for seven terms of two years each, also serving as Wyoming's Commissioner to the New Orleans Exposition, and president of the Rawlins Board of Trade. In 1890, Merrell ran for a seat in the U.S. Senate, but was instead accepted an appointment by Governor Francis E. Warren, on November 24, 1890, to a seat on the Wyoming Supreme Court vacated by the resignation\",\n \"title\": \"Homer Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7143034\",\n \"text\": \"South Dakota code commission appointed to revise the state's statutes. Elected in 1942, Sharpe served as 17th governor of South Dakota from 1943 to 1947. During his tenure, he devoted himself to the war effort, promoted education, encouraged tourism and conservation. Sharpe died in Kennebec and is interred at Graceland Cemetery, Oacoma, Lyman County, South Dakota US. Merrell Q. Sharpe Merrell Quentin Sharpe (January 11, 1888 – January 22, 1962) was a Republican American politician from Kennebec, South Dakota. He was the attorney general of South Dakota from 1929 through 1933, and governor of South Dakota from 1943 through 1947.\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Q. Sharpe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17231224\",\n \"text\": \"Susan Scarf Merrell Susan Scarf Merrell is an American author specializing in the novel, short story, and essay. Her second novel, \\\"Shirley\\\", about a young woman who goes to live with novelist Shirley Jackson and Stanley Edgar Hyman in their Bennington home in 1964, was published June 12, 2014 by Blue Rider/Penguin Books. Her short stories and essays have been published in \\\"Los Angeles Review of Books\\\", \\\"Tin House\\\", \\\"The Writer's Chronicle\\\", \\\"The Southampton Review\\\", and \\\"The New Haven Review\\\". Her debut novel, \\\"A Member of the Family: A Novel\\\" was published in 2001, after her publication of \\\"The Accidental\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Scarf Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19221754\",\n \"text\": \"record of 1:59:86, good for third place. Ironically, his winning time of 54:08 in the 100 fly at the 1992 Summer Nationals would have earned him a spot on the 1992 Olympic Team. He also placed third in the 200-meter fly at U.S. Nationals. His first international experience was a success: In 1992, Merrell won a gold and silver medal in the 400 medley relay and 100 meter fly (54.06), respectively, as the PanAm Games in Havana, Cuba. In high school, Merrell was selected to the 1991 USA Junior National Team that competed in Canada and traveled with the 1990\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19221753\",\n \"text\": \"highest finish for any USC Trojan at the meet. He was the 1992 U.S. national champion in the 100 meter fly in August 1992 (54.08). He place third (missing a berth on the Olympic team by 2-hundredths of a second) at the 1992 U.S. Olympic Trials in the 200-meter fly. In 1991-92, Merrell earned All-America honors by finishing third in the 200-yard fly at the 1992 NCAA Championships (1:45:22). Also at the NCAAs, he swam legs on USC's 200 and 400 medley relays. Merrell was the fastest collegian at the 1992 Olympic Trials in the 200-meter fly, setting a USC\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4532674\",\n \"text\": \"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993), is a United States Supreme Court case determining the standard for admitting expert testimony in federal courts. The \\\"Daubert\\\" Court held that the enactment of the Federal Rules of Evidence implicitly overturned the Frye standard; the standard that the Court articulated is referred to as the Daubert standard. Jason Daubert and Eric Schuller had been born with serious birth defects. They and their parents sued Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., a subsidiary of Dow Chemical Company, in a California District Court, claiming that the drug\",\n \"title\": \"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14271903\",\n \"text\": \"Munich (sport shoes) Munich (, ) is a Spanish company and brand specialized in sport and fashion shoes. The company headquarters are located in Capellades, province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Munich produces more than 850.000 pairs of shoes per year, 46% of sports type, and 54% of fashion type. The company has reached a privileged position in the field of fashion, growing in many European and Asian countries, mainly Japan. The X symbol is what makes its shoes special and identifiable. The company was founded by Luís Berneda in year 1939 at the city of Sant Boi de Llobregat, with\",\n \"title\": \"Munich (sport shoes)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5189192\",\n \"text\": \"Franklin Merrell-Wolff Franklin Merrell-Wolff (born Franklin Fowler Wolff; 11 July 1887 – 4 October 1985) was an American mystic and esoteric philosopher. After formal education in philosophy and mathematics at Stanford and Harvard, Wolff devoted himself to the goal of transcending the normal limits of human consciousness. After exploring various mystical teachings and paths, he dedicated himself to the path of jnana yoga and the writings of Shankara, the expounder of the Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy. Franklin Fowler Wolff was born in Pasadena, California in 1887. He was raised as a Methodist, but abandoned Christianity during his youth.\",\n \"title\": \"Franklin Merrell-Wolff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20632681\",\n \"text\": \"the Supreme Court. The Court determined that the letter was an example of what he would need, but was not sufficient to prove his case. Because there were statutory procedures for obtaining more suitable evidence from the Library of Congress and the Post Office, the Court overturned the lower court ruling and ordered that the case be retried. Merrell v. Tice Merrell v. Tice, 104 U.S. 557 (1881), was a United States Supreme Court ruling dealing with copyright. At the time, a prerequisite for having a copyright was delivering two copies of the material to the Library of Congress within\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell v. Tice\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20209583\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen Merrell Clement Stephen Merrell Clement or S. M. Clement, Jr. (November 4, 1859 – March 26, 1913) was an American banker, businessman and industrialist in Buffalo, New York. Clement was born on November 4, 1859 in Fredonia, New York to Stephen Mallory Clement (1825–1892) Sarah Elizabeth Leonard (1824–1891). His brother was Henry Clay Clement. His father founded the Fredonia Bank in 1855 and was president of the bank until 1869 when he moved the family to Buffalo to become Cashier of The Marine Bank. He was a descendant of Col. Giles Jackson of Berkshire County and Capt. Caleb B.\",\n \"title\": \"Stephen Merrell Clement\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16520224\",\n \"text\": \"1868, was promoted to ensign on 18 December 1868, and served aboard the screw sloop-of-war from 1869 to 1870. Merrell returned from Europe in 1870 and performed signals duty in Washington, D.C. He was promoted to master on 21 March 1870. From 1870 to 1871, he participated in the Darién Surveying Expedition, which attempted to survey a route for a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. After returning from the expedition, Merrell – who was promoted to lieutenant on 21 March 1871 – served at the Naval Torpedo Station in Newport, Rhode Island, from 1871 or 1872 (sources vary) to\",\n \"title\": \"John Porter Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16213638\",\n \"text\": \"his company was one of the largest pharmaceutical manufacturers of its time. George Merrell was president of the company and president of the board of directors of the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy. Stanley W. Merrell attended Hughes High School for two years before graduating from the private Franklin School. He graduated B.A. from Harvard University in 1899 and LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1901. He returned to Cincinnati in the fall of 1901, passed the bar exam, and started a partnership with Bentley Matthews, a brother of Stanley Matthews of the United States Supreme Court, which would last until\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley W. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15068969\",\n \"text\": \"Group to Charleston, South Carolina. From November 1945 until June 1948, Merrell served with the Air Transport Command at Cincinnati, Ohio, Memphis, Tennessee, Fort Totten, New York, and Westover Air Force Base, Massachusetts. Postwar reorganization changed the Air Transport Command into the Military Air Transport Service; and in July 1948, Merrell became chief of staff for MATS' Atlantic Division. After a year, he was made commander of Kindley Air Force Base, Bermuda. In September 1951, he was assigned to command the 1600th Air Transport Wing, operating out of Westover Air Force Base. From that post he went to the Air\",\n \"title\": \"Jack G. Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13324025\",\n \"text\": \"snares of vice and sin, They are waiting for your hand, Guide them to the promised land. Kathleen Merrell White Kathleen Merell White (November 25, 1889 - April 1, 1973) was an American minister, author, and senior leader in the Pillar of Fire Church, a Protestant denomination founded in 1901 by Bishop Alma White, Kathleen's mother-in-law. She was born as Kathleen Merrell Staats on November 25, 1889, to Anna F. and William Staats. Over the course of her career with the Pillar of Fire Church she held numerous titles including Financial Agent, Superintendent of Schools, Vice President, and Assistant Superintendent.\",\n \"title\": \"Kathleen Merrell White\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13324019\",\n \"text\": \"Kathleen Merrell White Kathleen Merell White (November 25, 1889 - April 1, 1973) was an American minister, author, and senior leader in the Pillar of Fire Church, a Protestant denomination founded in 1901 by Bishop Alma White, Kathleen's mother-in-law. She was born as Kathleen Merrell Staats on November 25, 1889, to Anna F. and William Staats. Over the course of her career with the Pillar of Fire Church she held numerous titles including Financial Agent, Superintendent of Schools, Vice President, and Assistant Superintendent. She married Bishop Arthur Kent White, the Church's second general superintendent, and together they jointly ran the\",\n \"title\": \"Kathleen Merrell White\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12318879\",\n \"text\": \"it to pregnant women. Richardson-Merrell submitted their new drug application (NDA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in June, 1960. During the application process, Richardson-Merrell asked the FDA for quick approval of the drug, and distributed 2.5 million tablets of thalidomide to 1,200 American doctors with the understanding that the drug was under investigation, a preemptive marketing strategy that was permissible at the time under existing regulations. Nearly 20,000 patients received the drug. Reviewing pharmacologist Frances Oldham Kelsey, who had joined the FDA just a month before the application's arrival, repeatedly denied the company's requests for permission to market\",\n \"title\": \"Marion Merrell Dow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12124767\",\n \"text\": \"California. Gage executed likenesses of Lincoln in many stages of the president's life. In 1955 Gage starred in a short film \\\"The Face of Lincoln\\\", in which he modeled Lincoln's features while narrating the story of his life. The film, produced by Wilber T. Blume, won an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. Gage executed numerous commissions in the Los Angeles area and served on the sculpture commission for the 1936 Olympics. His film The Face of Jesus was nominated for Academy Awards in 1962. Robert Merrell Gage Robert Merrell Gage (December 26, 1892 – October 30, 1981)\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Merrell Gage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14271907\",\n \"text\": \"of a shoe, including the sole, flap, heel and cords. When Munich receives the order, the factory produces those shoes, and delivers it within 2 weeks. \\\"Munich My Way\\\" also offers the possibility of buying a different size of the right shoe compared to the left one. This is specially useful for soccer and futsal players who often require a bigger size for the shoe used to shoot. Munich (sport shoes) Munich (, ) is a Spanish company and brand specialized in sport and fashion shoes. The company headquarters are located in Capellades, province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Munich produces\",\n \"title\": \"Munich (sport shoes)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16520225\",\n \"text\": \"1875, then aboard the screw frigate in the North Atlantic Squadron from 1875 to 1877. He was the officer-in-charge of the Naval Ordnance Proving Ground from 1877 to 1879. In 1879, Merrell returned to sea, serving aboard the third-rate screw steamer in the North Atlantic Squadron and South Atlantic Squadron until 1881, when he transferred to the screw sloop-of-war in the North Atlantic Squadron, remaining aboard her until 1882. After leaving \\\"Shenandoah\\\", Merrell taught mathematics, physics, mechanics, and chemistry at the U.S. Naval Academy from 1882 to 1887, then returned to sea from 1887 to 1889 as a member of\",\n \"title\": \"John Porter Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9923634\",\n \"text\": \"Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson, 478 U.S. 804 (1986), was a United States Supreme Court decision involving the original jurisdiction of the federal district courts under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 (federal question jurisdiction). The Thompsons, residents of Canada, and the MacTavishes, residents of Scotland, filed virtually identical complaints against Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals in the Court of Common Pleas in Hamilton County, Ohio, claiming negligence, fraud, breach of warranty, and misbranding in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). The mother in each family had taken the drug Bendectin during pregnancy\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17618760\",\n \"text\": \"created under the ownership of Herring shoes concentrates on unique designs and indulgence. All of the shoes are made in Northamptonshire, England where the factories are specialists in the Goodyear welting process that is at the core of the designs. Some lines also have oak bark soles and in-channel stitching where the welt stitch is cleverly hidden within the sole. Wildsmith was bought in 2016 by Herring Shoes as a sub-brand to keep the famous Wildsmith name alive. The company continues to work with Northamptonshire cordwainers. Wildsmith shoes are sold worldwide, with a price range generally between £300 and £500.\",\n \"title\": \"Wildsmith Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11459427\",\n \"text\": \"Martin Avdeitch. The story begins with a background on Martin's life. He was a fine cobbler as he did his work well and never promised to do something that he could not do. He stayed busy with his work in his basement that had only one window. Through this window he could see only the feet of people. He was still able to recognize most people by their shoes as he had worked with most of the shoes at least once. He had a wife, but she died, and all their children had died in their infancy except a three-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"Where Love Is, God Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16520227\",\n \"text\": \"anti-foreign riots in Szechuan in the Chinese Empire. Merrell was promoted to commander on 1 November 1896 and was inspector in the 13th Lighthouse District from 1896 until January 1898, when he joined the staff of the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. After the Spanish–American War broke out in April 1898, he transferred in May 1898 to the North Atlantic Squadron, where he served aboard the steamer and the stores ship . Leaving \\\"Glacier\\\", he became the equipment officer at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York, in October 1898. He then served aboard the protected\",\n \"title\": \"John Porter Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19095212\",\n \"text\": \"of their foreign parent which helped them sail through the restructuring exercise. Carona did not have that luxury. Bata was able to sustain itself by launching new models at affordable price ranges. But Carona was not able to excite the market with new launches. Both Bata and Carona had its own showrooms which became expensive to maintain. Carona went in to BIFR fold in 1998. Carona Shoes Incorporated in 1953, Carona Shoes, managed by the Sahu family till 1984, was earlier called as Carona Sahu Shoe company. In 1984, the company headquarters in D N Road (near Fort) was engulfed\",\n \"title\": \"Carona Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19095208\",\n \"text\": \"Carona Shoes Incorporated in 1953, Carona Shoes, managed by the Sahu family till 1984, was earlier called as Carona Sahu Shoe company. In 1984, the company headquarters in D N Road (near Fort) was engulfed fire and in one sense the slide began from there. In 1984, the company was acquired by the Khataus after which it got the present name. The company used to manufacture canvas and rubber footwear of all kinds. It had its manufacturing facilities in Mumbai (Jogeshwari), Aurangabad and Ahmedabad. In 1989, the company entered into a technical agreement with Puma AG Rudolf Dassler Sport, Germany,\",\n \"title\": \"Carona Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13750373\",\n \"text\": \"Bata Shoes Head Office The Bata Shoes Head Office in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was Bata Shoes' former headquarters. The white, pavilion-like building, designed by architect John B. Parkin and completed in 1965 was considered by many as an example of the Modern Movement in architecture. Located atop a hill on Wynford Drive, by the major intersection of Eglinton Avenue and the Don Mills Road in the district of North York, its architecture and location made it a well-known landmark in the city. It was identified by the Toronto Society of Architects as one of 96 significant buildings and public spaces\",\n \"title\": \"Bata Shoes Head Office\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17656503\",\n \"text\": \"of red shoes. Starting from the shop window where the shoes were purchased and ending at a mountain of discarded shoes of the victims in a mass grave of the Auschwitz concentration camp. The main object in a shot is a pair of the shoes. There are no dialogues in a shot and we see no human faces but only their shoes. The film is accompanied by an original soundtrack inspired by Jewish folk motives. In 2013 the Deputy Director of Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography Efim Rezvan on behalf of the Museum presented the film an\",\n \"title\": \"Shoes (2012 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18520014\",\n \"text\": \"debate in other competitions. Competitors were awarded points (similar to the ISU system used in Olympic judging) for their performances based on a variety of criteria instead of being forced to compete in a bracket system that is better suited for other sports. After seeing a need in the Hydroflight Sports community for a wireless remote control throttle, Merrell teamed up with (title) Jeff Elkins to create one. In August 2014 they designed and began manufacturing their beta version of their wireless remote control throttle, aptly named “The F4 Flight Controller”. After witnessing issues with other products that would lose\",\n \"title\": \"Ben Merrell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12281123\",\n \"text\": \"It was acquired in 1815 by the Merrell family, who would operate it has a tavern for over a century. The Merrells enlarged the building, adding its third story ballroom and its two-story porch in 1838. The inn's taproom is remarkably well-preserved, with nearly all of its original features intact, including painted oak graining. The inn was acquired in the 20th century by the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now Historic New England, or HNE), which operated it as one of its museum properties for a time. It has since been sold into private ownership, with preservation\",\n \"title\": \"Merrell Tavern\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4532689\",\n \"text\": \"matter of law, discussions, corrections, and recriminations on this point from time to time vex attorneys and others among whom the subject of this case arises. Michael H. Gottesman, Jason Daubert's attorney reports that Daubert and his family do not affect the French pronunciation, which would be sounded similar to \\\"dough-bear\\\" . Rather, they pronounce their family name in the same manner as \\\"Dow-Burt\\\". The popular use of the French pronunciation may have arisen from Gottesman refraining from correcting the justices during oral argument before the Supreme Court. Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,\",\n \"title\": \"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4532675\",\n \"text\": \"Bendectin had caused the birth defects. Merrell Dow removed the case to federal court, and then moved for summary judgment because their expert submitted documents showing that no published scientific study demonstrated a link between Bendectin and birth defects. Daubert and Schuller submitted expert evidence of their own that suggested that Bendectin could cause birth defects. Daubert and Schuller's evidence, however, was based on \\\"in vitro\\\" and \\\"in vivo\\\" animal studies, pharmacological studies, and reanalysis of other published studies, and these methodologies had not yet gained acceptance within the general scientific community. The district court granted summary judgment for Merrell\",\n \"title\": \"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10959869\",\n \"text\": \"maid, stunned by what has transpired, simply asks Kyle if he believes in ghosts. At a neighbor's house near where Maddie ran off, their maid is taking out the trash, when she notices Susan's shoes in the trash can and claims them for herself, and picks up the dropped gun. This woman suddenly feels the need to cross the street to the Montgomery manor, where she enters the access code and goes inside. Gunshots are heard, presumably resulting in Kyle's death. Dead Woman's Shoes \\\"Dead Woman's Shoes\\\" is the first segment of the ninth episode from the first season (1985–86)\",\n \"title\": \"Dead Woman's Shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13750376\",\n \"text\": \"they might appear: They are a direct quotation from one of the buildings commissioned by Emhart Manufacturing Co. in Connecticut designed by the eminent American modernist firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. From 2003 to 2004, the Bata head office operations were moved to Lausanne, Switzerland. Bata retained offices in Toronto for the headquarters for its \\\"Power\\\" brand of footwear in Toronto and the Bata Shoe Museum is also located in Toronto. In 2010, work on the Aga Khan Museum, the Ismaili Centre, Toronto and the park began. The project was completed in 2014. Bata Shoes Head Office The Bata Shoes\",\n \"title\": \"Bata Shoes Head Office\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16094472\",\n \"text\": \"Fuck-me shoes Fuck-me shoes, alternatively fuck-me boots, is a slang term for women's high-heeled shoes that exaggerate a sexual image. The term can be applied to any women's shoes that are worn with the intention of arousing others. It is sometimes used to imply condemnation against the women who choose to wear them or in a misogynistic fashion toward the women who wear them. The term is similar in meaning to \\\"kinky boots\\\", although typically \\\"kinky boots\\\" refer more specifically to boots suited to a particular fetish. The phrase possibly originated in the United States, where two similar terms are\",\n \"title\": \"Fuck-me shoes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12806252\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Los Angeles Times\\\", the company received order requests for nine times the available stock online, and 10,000 pairs were sold in the first year. The first batch of 10,000 free shoes were distributed in October 2006 to Argentine children. In 2007, the company launched its annual \\\"One Day Without Shoes\\\" event where people are encouraged not to wear shoes for one day in order to raise awareness about the impact shoes can have on a child's life. The event has had corporate sponsors such as AOL, Flickr, and the Discovery Channel. By 2011, over 500 retailers carried the brand globally\",\n \"title\": \"Toms Shoes\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["rockford"],"string":"[\n \"rockford\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1797,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who does the uk trade with?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"16714608","text":"judicial and social institutions, their ability to quickly integrate into a CFTA is vitally important if the organization is to have the ability to expand and succeed.\"\" , 75% of Canadian trade takes place with countries which Canada has a free trade agreement, but this does not include any Commonwealth members. Canada is currently in negotiations with the Caribbean Community (primarily Commonwealth countries), the European Union (UK, Malta and Cyprus are Commonwealth members), as well as India and Singapore. Winston Peters, the leader of the New Zealand First political party, called in February 2016 for a Commonwealth Free Trade Area","title":"Commonwealth free trade"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16714608\",\n \"text\": \"judicial and social institutions, their ability to quickly integrate into a CFTA is vitally important if the organization is to have the ability to expand and succeed.\\\"\\\" , 75% of Canadian trade takes place with countries which Canada has a free trade agreement, but this does not include any Commonwealth members. Canada is currently in negotiations with the Caribbean Community (primarily Commonwealth countries), the European Union (UK, Malta and Cyprus are Commonwealth members), as well as India and Singapore. Winston Peters, the leader of the New Zealand First political party, called in February 2016 for a Commonwealth Free Trade Area\",\n \"title\": \"Commonwealth free trade\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"10441069","text":"to promote British business and produce. UK Trade & Investment has public-private partnership agreements with the Federation of International Trade Associations under which they contribute market research and other reports on GlobalTrade.net. UK Trade & Investment has an arms-trade branch called \"UKTI DSO\" (UK Trade & Investment Defence & Security Organisation) headed by Sir Richard Paniguian. UK Trade & Investment UK Trade & Investment (UKTI) was a UK Government department working with businesses based in the United Kingdom to assist their success in international markets, and with overseas investors looking to the UK as an investment destination. In July 2016","title":"UK Trade & Investment"},{"psg_id":"10441066","text":"UK Trade & Investment UK Trade & Investment (UKTI) was a UK Government department working with businesses based in the United Kingdom to assist their success in international markets, and with overseas investors looking to the UK as an investment destination. In July 2016 it was replaced by the Department for International Trade. UKTI was formed in May 1999 as British Trade International, comprising two parts: Trade Partners UK (for export) and Invest UK (for inward investment - FDI). In October 2003, the former department name and two inner departments merged and became UK Trade & Investment to simplify the","title":"UK Trade & Investment"},{"psg_id":"10441068","text":"Kingdom is contracted out to other organisations. In Devon, Cornwall and Somerset, UKTI regional services are now delivered by Serco, In China, the China Britain Business Council, another private body, is the provider. Business and university leaders work with UKTI as \"business ambassadors\". They promote the UK internationally and highlight trade and investment opportunities. They focus on helping small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). UK Trade & Investment brings together the work of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. The UK Special Representative for International Trade and Investment works as part of UKTI","title":"UK Trade & Investment"},{"psg_id":"10441067","text":"outward recognition of the organisation, and possibly to reduce confusion with the two departments. To support its aim to \"enhance the competitiveness of companies in Britain through overseas trade and investments; and attract a continuing high level of quality foreign direct investment\". UK Trade & Investment is an international organisation with headquarters in London and Glasgow in Scotland. Across its network UK Trade & Investment employs around 2,400 staff and advisers, including overseas in British Embassies, High Commissions, Consulates and trade offices, and regional offices in the nine English regions The delivery of many UKTI regional services within the United","title":"UK Trade & Investment"},{"psg_id":"15589153","text":"Women's Trade Union League (UK) The Women's Trade Union League, founded in 1874 and known until 1890 as the Women's Protective and Provident League, was a British organisation promoting trade union for women workers. It was established by Emma Paterson, who had seen unions managed by working women in America. The league's principal founder was Emma Paterson. A member of the Working Men's Club and Institute Union, she persuaded many of that organisation's patrons to serve in the same role for the new league. In 1872, she became secretary of the Society for the Promotion of Women's Suffrage Association, and","title":"Women's Trade Union League (UK)"},{"psg_id":"15589145","text":"Women's Trade Union League (UK) The Women's Trade Union League, founded in 1874 and known until 1890 as the Women's Protective and Provident League, was a British organisation promoting trade union for women workers. It was established by Emma Paterson, who had seen unions managed by working women in America. The league's principal founder was Emma Paterson. A member of the Working Men's Club and Institute Union, she persuaded many of that organisation's patrons to serve in the same role for the new league. In 1872, she became secretary of the Society for the Promotion of Women's Suffrage Association, and","title":"Women's Trade Union League (UK)"},{"psg_id":"2215151","text":"the UK, and many of them affiliated to the Labour Party. In 1946, the affiliates were: Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union In British politics, the term affiliated trade union refers to a trade union that has an \"affiliation\" to the British Labour Party. The party was created by the trade unions and socialist societies in 1900 as the Labour Representation Committee. Since then, the unions have retained close institutional links with the Party. During Tony Blair's leadership of the Labour Party the RMT and Fire Brigades Union severed their links. However, the Fire Brigades Union re-affiliated to the Labour","title":"Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union"},{"psg_id":"3466151","text":"Connect (UK trade union) Connect was a British trade union representing workers in the communications industry. The union was founded in 1912 as the Society of Post Office Engineering Inspectors. In 1947, the Society of Chief Inspectors merged in, and it adopted the new name of the Society of Telecommunication Engineers. Another merger took place in 1969, when the Telecommunication Traffic Officers' Association joined, with the name changing to the Society of Post Office Engineers, and in 1975 the Telecommunications Sales Superintendents' Association merged in, and it became the Society of Post Office Executives (SPOE), by which point it had","title":"Connect (UK trade union)"},{"psg_id":"3466153","text":"still can access union services. Connect Members in BT undertook industrial action in 2008. Connect (UK trade union) Connect was a British trade union representing workers in the communications industry. The union was founded in 1912 as the Society of Post Office Engineering Inspectors. In 1947, the Society of Chief Inspectors merged in, and it adopted the new name of the Society of Telecommunication Engineers. Another merger took place in 1969, when the Telecommunication Traffic Officers' Association joined, with the name changing to the Society of Post Office Engineers, and in 1975 the Telecommunications Sales Superintendents' Association merged in, and","title":"Connect (UK trade union)"},{"psg_id":"2215147","text":"Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union In British politics, the term affiliated trade union refers to a trade union that has an \"affiliation\" to the British Labour Party. The party was created by the trade unions and socialist societies in 1900 as the Labour Representation Committee. Since then, the unions have retained close institutional links with the Party. During Tony Blair's leadership of the Labour Party the RMT and Fire Brigades Union severed their links. However, the Fire Brigades Union re-affiliated to the Labour Party in November 2015. The nature of affiliation means that the unions pay an annual fee","title":"Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union"},{"psg_id":"8006325","text":"General Federation of Trade Unions (UK) The General Federation of Trade Unions (GFTU) is a national trade union centre in the United Kingdom. It has 35 affiliates with a membership of just over 214,000 and describes itself as the \"federation for specialist unions\". In the 1890s, the development of socialist organisations and socialist thinking also found expression in the British trade union movement. Many of the new unions formed during that period were committed to the socialist transformation of society and were critical of the conservatism of the craft unions. The debate revolved around concept of building \"\"one-big-union\"\" which would","title":"General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)"},{"psg_id":"14794984","text":"Teachers' trade unions in the United Kingdom Teachers' trade unions in the United Kingdom are trade unions for teachers in operating in the United Kingdom. Due to the differing education systems in the UK, most unions only organise in certain parts of the country and some focus on certain members of staff, such as headteachers. Teaching is an unusual profession in that it does not have one leading union, but has many different ones, often with differing aims. Having said that, the NEU and NASUWT jointly represent the vast majority of teachers in England and Wales, while the EIS represents","title":"Teachers' trade unions in the United Kingdom"},{"psg_id":"16349718","text":"it creates value, growth and knowledge for Denmark through consulting services and partnerships. Being the third largest export market for Denmark, it is crucial for Danish companies to look at the British market, and this is where the Danish Trade Council can provide professional consulting. The Danish Trade Council in the UK also assist UK companies to get in contact Danish exporters. <div> \"Exporting to Denmark\" UK eksporters wishing to market their products/services in Denmark should contact UK Trade and Invest, www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk or the British Embassy in Denmark, www.britishembassy.dk. The Danish Trade Council The Danish Trade Council is a trade","title":"The Danish Trade Council"},{"psg_id":"4682416","text":"for email messages that would identify the confidential source. Apple maintained in its filings that the information published by the defendants qualified as trade secrets under California statutes including the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (USTA) and the California Penal Code. The defendants publicly informed Apple they would not comply, and filed demands for protective orders with the court, attempting to block Apple's subpoenas. Apple also filed a trade secret lawsuit over a separate issue against \"Think Secret\"'s owner on January 4, 2004. In the \"Does\" matter, Apple did not sue specific journalists, but sought information concerning who leaked information on","title":"Apple v. Does"},{"psg_id":"12084804","text":"given to \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\" by Beyoncé. \"The Boy Does Nothing\" debuted at #84 on the UK Singles Chart. The single became her first solo single to reach the top 10, following a 76 spot jump from #84 to #8 on downloads alone, selling 27,683 copies. On 16 November 2008, \"The Boy Does Nothing\" had advanced to #5 on the chart after the physical release of the single. The song spent 16 weeks in the UK Top 40. On the Irish Singles Chart, the song peaked at #19 on 11 November 2008 and falling to #20","title":"The Boy Does Nothing"},{"psg_id":"4042764","text":"manufacturing, instead it focuses on distributing and selling bought in products. Wolseley UK Wolseley UK (formerly Wolseley Centers) is the holding company for several well known United Kingdom builders merchants, including \"Plumb Center\". Wolseley UK is the country's largest supplier of building materials, with trade customers (plumbers and builders) accounting for the largest proportion of its sales. It does, however, have retail showrooms around the United Kingdom which are open to the general public. The company's headquarters used to be in Ripon, Yorkshire and was the city's largest employer. Relations with the city were not always cordial, the company initially","title":"Wolseley UK"},{"psg_id":"4042760","text":"Wolseley UK Wolseley UK (formerly Wolseley Centers) is the holding company for several well known United Kingdom builders merchants, including \"Plumb Center\". Wolseley UK is the country's largest supplier of building materials, with trade customers (plumbers and builders) accounting for the largest proportion of its sales. It does, however, have retail showrooms around the United Kingdom which are open to the general public. The company's headquarters used to be in Ripon, Yorkshire and was the city's largest employer. Relations with the city were not always cordial, the company initially blocked plans for a road bypass which threatened to limit its","title":"Wolseley UK"},{"psg_id":"8006328","text":"of affiliated Unions. In keeping with its original objectives, the Federation pays dispute benefit in appropriate cases to affiliated Unions. The Governing Body is the Biennial General Council Meeting, attended by delegates from affiliated Unions, at which policy and rule changes are debated and an Executive Committee of 14 members elected to meet on a monthly basis between Biennial General Council Meetings. The Federation undertakes its Parliamentary activities by working closely with John Mann MP, Member of Parliament Bassetlaw Constituency, particularly in respect of proposed legislation. General Federation of Trade Unions (UK) The General Federation of Trade Unions (GFTU) is","title":"General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)"},{"psg_id":"16714611","text":"trade agreements with the EU. The EU, through the Lome and Cotonou Agreements, have extended some preferential trade access to developing Commonwealth countries. However, the idea of establishing a free trade area within the Commonwealth has garnered interests in the UK amongst politicians and parties that advocated leaving the European Union who cite the development of a Commonwealth free trade policy as an important step in reshaping the UK's trade policy. The UK Independence Party has included a call for a Commonwealth Free Trade Agreement in its policy manifesto during the 2010 British general election. In addition, some members of","title":"Commonwealth free trade"},{"psg_id":"18866902","text":"Trade Delegation for this purpose. The Trade Delegation takes part in activities of the UK-Russia Intergovernmental Steering Committee on Trade and Investment (ISC). The Trade Delegation assists in preparation of regular ISC sessions and interim meetings of Deputy Co-Chairs. The Trade Delegation cooperates with British ministries and agencies including Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Ministry for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), UK Trade & Investment (UKTI), UK Export Finance (UKEF) and others. The Trade Delegation also works with British industry and business associations among which are the Confederation of British","title":"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom"},{"psg_id":"8006327","text":"up a national organisation with a strike fund which could be drawn upon by affiliated trade unions. GFTU participated in the foundation of the International Federation of Trade Unions at the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam in July 1919. The federation has seen a large turnover of members, due largely to mergers in the movement. In 1979, its members were: By 2016, none of the 1979 members remained as independent unions. The GFTU now concentrates on servicing the needs of specialist unions. It does this by providing courses, undertaking research for its affiliated Unions and administering a Pension Scheme for officials and staff","title":"General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)"},{"psg_id":"16349717","text":"The Danish Trade Council The Danish Trade Council is a trade organisation within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark to promote Danish exports and investment abroad. The Council has an office in Copenhagen that houses roughly 100 employees, and also employs another 300 people at embassies, consulates, and trade commissions worldwide. The Council works to expand Danish exports and investment worldwide by offering Danish companies advise on international activities. The Council also publishes annual report on its activities. <div> The Danish Trade Council in UK <div> The Danish Trade Council in UK is located at the Danish Embassy, where","title":"The Danish Trade Council"},{"psg_id":"18866897","text":"established on 24 February 1920. It was the first Russian trade representation abroad and it began the history of trade representations of Russia in foreign countries. By now the word “Delegation” still appears in the official English name for the Russian Trade Representative’s Office to the UK. The Trade Delegation is headed by the Trade Representative who is appointed by the Government of the Russian Federation upon recommendation by the Ministry of Economic Development agreed with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. The Trade Delegation is a means of non-financial support of foreign economic activity of the","title":"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom"},{"psg_id":"470489","text":"band toured the US and UK from June to October 2000, to generally favourable reviews, culminating in a charity show at the Royal Albert Hall for the Teenage Cancer trust with guest performances from Paul Weller, Eddie Vedder, Noel Gallagher, Bryan Adams and Nigel Kennedy. Stephen Tomas Erlewine described the gig as \"an exceptional reunion concert\". In 2001 the band performed the Concert for New York City at Madison Square Garden for families of firefighters and police who had lost their lives following the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center, and were honoured with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement","title":"The Who"},{"psg_id":"14363661","text":"your average documentary.\" There have been more mixed reviews, one magazine saying that the film has “revelatory moments” but also provides too restrictive a definition of “artist” and at times was “clumsily” composed. \"The New York Times\" called the film an answer to the call of “self-expression in the face of biological imperatives and cultural programming.” \"The Village Voice\" has called it “a call to arms.”. According to \"The Huffington Post\", despite the films feminist stance, it produces and engaging story. Who Does She Think She Is Who Does She Think She Is? is a 2008 American documentary film directed","title":"Who Does She Think She Is"},{"psg_id":"14363657","text":"Who Does She Think She Is Who Does She Think She Is? is a 2008 American documentary film directed by Pamela Tanner Boll about the societal push for women to choose between art and motherhood and the struggle five female artists (Maye Torres, Angela Williams, Camille Musser, Mayumi Oda and Janice Mars Wunderlich) face in reconciling both parts of their lives. Boll was the co-executive producer of the 2005 Academy Award-winning documentary, \"Born Into Brothels\". The film follows five diverse women artists; Maye Torres, Mayumi Oda, Camille Musser, Angela Williams and Janice Mars Wunderlich, ranging in age from 27 to","title":"Who Does She Think She Is"},{"psg_id":"18866900","text":"issues The Trade Delegation provides consultancy on different aspects of foreign economic activities including selection of potential trade partners and investors, certification procedures, company registration rules, existing trade barriers, customs procedures when importing to the UK. The Trade Delegation also provides legal consultancy to Russian companies planning to enter the UK market, e.g. consultations on taxation legislation, export/import, customs and currency regulation, and pre-trial commercial dispute resolution. 3. Promotion of Russian goods and services in the UK and development of inter-regional cooperation The Trade Delegation jointly with the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation organises business missions, negotiations","title":"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom"},{"psg_id":"4682413","text":"Apple v. Does Apple v. Does (O'Grady v. Superior Court) was a high-profile legal proceeding in the USA notable for bringing into question the breadth of the shield law protecting journalists from being forced to reveal their sources, and whether that law applied to online news journalists writing about corporate trade secrets. The case was also notable for the large collection of amici curiae who joined in the matter. The case began after several online news journals published articles concerning unreleased Apple products. Apple issued subpoenas seeking the identity of the source who leaked the information, information Apple considered a","title":"Apple v. Does"},{"psg_id":"4086888","text":"\"Preface with a Brief History 1849–1998\" was included in \"Who's Who 1998\". The name has been widely copied, and now there are many publications with \"Who's Who\" in the title such as \"Marquis Who's Who\", though they are not from the same publisher. Some of these are considered to be merely Who's Who scams. The name is also often used metaphorically, as in this example from an Associated Press wire article about Los Angeles cemeteries: Who's Who (UK) Who's Who is a source of biographical data on more than 33,000 influential people from around the world. Published annually since 1849,","title":"Who's Who (UK)"},{"psg_id":"12643737","text":"compilation album, \"Twenty Five Years of Dr. Feelgood\". She Does It Right \"She Does It Right\" is a song by the band Dr. Feelgood. Recorded in 1974 it appeared on their debut album, \"Down by the Jetty\". \"She Does It Right\" was also issued as a single in the UK in March 1975. It failed to reach the UK Singles Chart. Written by Wilko Johnson, and produced by Vic Maile, the song was Dr. Feelgood's second single release, following their debut with \"Roxette\". The b-side of the record, \"I Don't Mind\", was also penned by Johnson. \"She Does It Right\"","title":"She Does It Right"},{"psg_id":"12643736","text":"She Does It Right \"She Does It Right\" is a song by the band Dr. Feelgood. Recorded in 1974 it appeared on their debut album, \"Down by the Jetty\". \"She Does It Right\" was also issued as a single in the UK in March 1975. It failed to reach the UK Singles Chart. Written by Wilko Johnson, and produced by Vic Maile, the song was Dr. Feelgood's second single release, following their debut with \"Roxette\". The b-side of the record, \"I Don't Mind\", was also penned by Johnson. \"She Does It Right\" was also later included in Dr. Feelgood's 1997's","title":"She Does It Right"},{"psg_id":"13252681","text":"the H.N. Werkmanprize for the design. Ten years after Trinité, De Does designed his second serif typeface, Lexicon, for the Van Dale dictionary. This typeface was specifically designed for use at small pointsizes. Bram de Does Bram de Does (19 July, 1934 – 28 December, 2015) was a graphic and type designer.Born in Amsterdam, De Does studied at the Amsterdamse Grafische School in the 1950s. De Does came into contact with the printing trade at an early age, as his father had a printing office in the east of Amsterdam. From 1958 to 1988 he worked, with several intervals, at","title":"Bram de Does"},{"psg_id":"13252677","text":"Bram de Does Bram de Does (19 July, 1934 – 28 December, 2015) was a graphic and type designer.Born in Amsterdam, De Does studied at the Amsterdamse Grafische School in the 1950s. De Does came into contact with the printing trade at an early age, as his father had a printing office in the east of Amsterdam. From 1958 to 1988 he worked, with several intervals, at Joh. Enschedé, a printing office in Haarlem. He worked there primarily as a book designer. De Does was asked by his employer to design a typeface, which was to become Trinité. He died","title":"Bram de Does"},{"psg_id":"20669568","text":"Children with Cancer UK Children With Cancer UK is a UK-based charity dedicated to raising money for research and providing care for children with cancer and their families. The aims of their research projects are to understand what causes children to get cancer and to develop improved treatments. Children With Cancer UK was established in 1987 by Eddie and Marion O’Gorman and their family in memory of their son, Paul, who died from leukaemia. The initial aim was to raise £100,000 for research and support. The O’Gormans lost a second child, their daughter Jean, to cancer shortly after their first","title":"Children with Cancer UK"},{"psg_id":"10338413","text":"fault for their condition. The elderly, in particular, had worked during their youth, and so could not be denied life's basic necessities. The Soviet state would then, at least theoretically, provide a basic level of social security. The principle was enunciated in the Russian Constitution of 1918. Leon Trotsky wrote that: \"The old principle: who does not work shall not eat, has been replaced with a new one: who does not obey shall not eat.\" The context of this statement was a criticism of the Stalinist regime that Trotsky opposed, not a prescription for society. He who does not work,","title":"He who does not work, neither shall he eat"},{"psg_id":"13089820","text":"book priced £2.99 or more. World Book Day is a registered charity. It does not raise funds for itself but does support Book Aid International and Readathon as its nominated charities, encouraging schools to hold special fundraising events for children less fortunate than themselves. World Book Day is not funded by the British Government although the Quick Reads element does receive support from ACE, DIUS and NIACE. The funding for World Book Day activities comes principally from the major sponsor, National Book Tokens and the UK book trade (publishers and booksellers). World Book Day (UK and Ireland) World Book Day","title":"World Book Day (UK and Ireland)"},{"psg_id":"5210748","text":"Trade Justice Movement The Trade Justice Movement is a British coalition, founded in 2000, of more than 80 organizations campaigning for trade justice. The Trade Justice Movement has a present priority campaign on the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), the European Union (EU) is negotiating with its former colonies in Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. The coalition also campaigns for effective regulation of the corporations that make up 70% of world trade. In 2006 this included one of the largest UK campaigns of that year with over 100,000 UK voters contacting their MP, resulting in changes to UK company law","title":"Trade Justice Movement"},{"psg_id":"14002373","text":"tunes. The title track \"Does Anybody Miss Me\" was issued as a single in the UK, backed with the non album track \"Fa Fa Fa\", but this failed to make any impression on the chart. \"Does Anybody Miss Me\" has remained part of her live show and was recorded as the opening track of the album \"Live At Talk Of The Town\" in 1970. This album saw Bassey re-record her 1958 UK #1 hit single \"As I Love You\" which she had previously released on the Philips label. Also issued in the US as \"Does Anybody Miss Me\" there the","title":"Does Anybody Miss Me"},{"psg_id":"16497170","text":"Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd Between 1995 and 1999 various investors, including Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd, paid money to Trading Partners Ltd to carry out trades in goods. Mr Cushnie was the director, transferred the money to another company he owned called Versailles Trade Finance Ltd, which was meant to engage in the factoring business. Instead, Versailles fraudulently used the money partly simply to pay ‘profits’ to traders, but also was stolen by Mr Clough, or circulated around other companies so as to appear that genuine business was taking place. Mr Cushnie sold his shares for","title":"Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd"},{"psg_id":"18446728","text":"to publish titles gloablly. By the 14th century a commercial book trade had been established in the UK, and before printing was introduced to Europe by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439 the trade consisted of scribes who wrote manuscripts. By the early 15th century the majority of those engaged in these activities were situated in London and belonged to a trade guild called the Company of Stationers. By the 16th century publishers and printers controlled the book trade and introduced a commercial aspect, relying for much of their income on the sales of popular religious books, almanacs, prognostications and similar literature.","title":"Book trade in the United Kingdom"},{"psg_id":"2849322","text":"Trade justice Trade justice is a campaign by non-governmental organisations, plus efforts by other actors, to change the rules and practices of world trade in order to promote fairness. These organizations include consumer groups, trade unions, faith groups, aid agencies and environmental groups. The organizations campaigning for trade justice posit this concept in opposition to free trade, the advocates of which often also claim pro-poor outcomes. Trade justice advocates argue that truly free trade does not and will never exist, and that governmental policies on trade should be in the public interest, rather than the interest of wealthy entities who","title":"Trade justice"},{"psg_id":"12002770","text":"Administration (TGA). The Red Cross will re-submit their application to reduce the deferral period to six months in 2018. Italy, Latvia, Poland, Russia and Spain are the only European countries that don't have deferral policies for men who have sex with men. The donation is allowed if the donor hasn't had a risky sexual encounter, but not depending on the sexual orientation of the donor. The UK since November 2017 has implemented a 3 month deferral policy on all gay/bi men who want to donate their blood, the lowest in the western world. However this does not apply to Northern","title":"Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy"},{"psg_id":"409149","text":"advantages of trade secrets are that a trade secret is not limited in time (it \"continues indefinitely as long as the secret is not revealed to the public\", whereas a patent is only in force for a specified time, after which others may freely copy the invention), a trade secret does not imply any registration costs, has an immediate effect, does not require compliance with any formalities, and does not imply any disclosure of the invention to the public. The disadvantages of trade secrets include that \"others may be able to legally discover the secret and be thereafter entitled to","title":"Trade secret"},{"psg_id":"5983084","text":"common trade mark applying in their countries, abolishing their national trade marks. Certain aspects of law do vary on a country by country basis within the EU, such as the protection for unregistered trade marks within the United Kingdom under the common law tort of \"passing off\", and the inclusion of provisions relating to Honest Concurrent Use into UK national trade mark law (which have their basis in the 1938 UK legislation rather than the Directive which led to the drafting of the UK Trade Marks Act 1994). Internal market legislation also largely applies to the non-EU countries in the","title":"Trade mark law of the European Union"},{"psg_id":"16986903","text":"Prime Ministerial Trade Envoy A Prime Ministerial Trade Envoy is a position in British foreign policy, within the Department for International Trade since 2016, and formerly with the UK Trade & Investment government department from 2003 to 2016. Trade Envoys are appointed by the Prime Minister in order to promote British business and trade interests abroad. The Special Representative for International Trade and Investment is a currently dormant position previously held by a member of the British Royal Family, who had the responsibility of representing the Sovereign for trade purposes. Following the 2012 Cabinet reshuffle, Ken Clarke was made a","title":"Prime Ministerial Trade Envoy"},{"psg_id":"13934972","text":"perceived misrepresentations of direct trade through increased transparency Counter Culture Coffee and Taza Chocolate pioneered annual Transparency Reports for the specialty coffee and craft chocolate industries, respectively, and each have their direct trade practices audited annually by an independent third-party. Whether these and other efforts to ensure the integrity of direct trade will succeed is the subject of ongoing debate. A company in the UK that implements Direct Trade coffee under their banner of Farm Direct is Ethical Addictions. Direct trade Direct trade is a form of sourcing practiced by certain coffee roasters and chocolate makers who build direct relationships","title":"Direct trade"},{"psg_id":"18866898","text":"Russian Federation. The main goals of the Trade Delegation include representation and ensuring of foreign economic interests of the Russian Federation in the UK, effective implementation of foreign economic policy of the Russian Federation, development of economic ties and trade between Russia and the UK, attraction of investments into the Russian economy, promotion of Russian goods and services in the UK and general assistance to Russian companies in the United Kingdom. The Trade Delegation also provides assistance to British companies interested in the Russian market, in particular via searching for trade and project partners in Russia and providing information about","title":"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom"},{"psg_id":"4086879","text":"Who's Who (UK) Who's Who is a source of biographical data on more than 33,000 influential people from around the world. Published annually since 1849, and as of 2015 in its 168th edition, it lists people who influence British life, according to its editors. Entries include judges, civil servants, politicians and notable figures from academia, sport and the arts. Each entry in \"Who's Who\" is authored by the subject who is invited by the editors to fill in a questionnaire. Entries typically include full names, dates of birth, career details, club memberships, education, professional qualifications, publications, recreations and contact details.","title":"Who's Who (UK)"},{"psg_id":"6563472","text":"Daisy Does America Daisy Does America is a hybrid reality/comedy series that premiered on TBS on 6 December 2005. The show, similar to British actress and comedian Daisy Donovan's previous outing for British television \"Daisy, Daisy\", was adapted for US audiences by actors Courteney Cox Arquette and David Arquette for their Coquette Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Television. In this unscripted program, Donovan attempts to follow the \"American Dream\" by blending in with ordinary people while at the same time poking fun at the individuals she is working with. \"Daisy Does America\" aired on LIVING2 in the UK, TV2","title":"Daisy Does America"},{"psg_id":"19902198","text":"and a \"Kirkus Reviews\" starred review wrote \"Almond’s wonderstruck philosophical bent, earthy humor, lovely use of language and colorful characters keep readers swimming along, as does the personable narrator who playfully demands an examination of the storytelling process as it happens. Jeffers’ spare, cartoonish pencil sketches perfectly suit the salty, magical tale.\" \"The Boy Who Swam With Piranhas\" has also been reviewed by \"Booklist\", \"Library Media Connection\" magazine, \"The Horn Book Magazine\", The \"School Library Journal\", \"Reading Time\", \"School Librarian\", and \"The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books\", It was on the 2013 Blue Peter Book Award shortlist for","title":"The Boy Who Swam With Piranhas"},{"psg_id":"14363658","text":"65 from all over the United States as they chart a path to create their individual type of art while balancing the demands of motherhood and societal expectations. By following the lives of these five artists, the film explores the intersections of motherhood and creativity, partnering and independence, economics and art, parenting and work. \"Who Does She Think She Is?\" looks at “the under-representation of mothers in the arts and other creative fields.” In an interview with \"The Wall Street Journal\", Boll says that a main theme connecting the women was the “idea of giving yourself permission to do that","title":"Who Does She Think She Is"},{"psg_id":"8529255","text":"continued to do one-off specials around the UK and the world On 25 October 2015, Trade's 25th Birthday, Trade held its final party at Egg club in London billed as 'The Final'. Nicole Moudaber and Nina Kraviz where among some of the headliners that played the final party. The event brought together thirty five former resident and guest DJ's who had played at Trade during its 25-year existence. Trade (nightclub) Trade was an influential gay London nightclub started in 1990 by Laurence Malice. Trade was unlike any other club at the time as it opened from 3am until 1pm on","title":"Trade (nightclub)"},{"psg_id":"12084795","text":"and became a commercial success, charting within the top 10 on the majority charts it entered and entering the charts in over 20 different territories worldwide. The single was certified Gold in the United Kingdom and sold over 1 million copies worldwide. Dixon stated that despite the title \"The Boy Does Nothing\", the song is \"not a male-bashing kind of record,\" explaining that \"the lyrical content is just cheeky more than anything\". Dixon had worked with Brian Higgins, of Xenomania, on her previous single, \"Knockdown\", but it failed to enter the top 40 on the UK Singles Chart, resulting in","title":"The Boy Does Nothing"},{"psg_id":"12596184","text":"draft picks are not admissible as trading assets (with one exception). In Major League Soccer, besides current MLS players and draft picks, clubs may also trade MLS rights to non-MLS players, allocation money, allocation rankings, and international player slots. Typically, trades are completed between two clubs, but there are instances where trades are consummated among three or more clubs. Conversely, a sports transaction involving a player who becomes a free agent and joins another club/team does not qualify as a trade as the player was not contractually bound to the previous team at the time of acquisition. A no-trade clause","title":"Trade (sports)"},{"psg_id":"597651","text":"products. However, making cotton and textiles fair trade does not always benefit laborers. Burkina Faso and Mali export the largest amount of cotton in Africa. Although many cotton plantations in these countries attained fair trade certification in the 1990s, participation in fair trade further ingrains existing power relations and inequalities that cause poverty in Africa rather than challenging them. Fair trade does not do much for farmers when it does not challenge the system that marginalizes producers. Despite not empowering farmers, the change to fair trade cotton has positive effects including female participation in cultivation. Textiles and garments are intricate","title":"Fair trade"},{"psg_id":"4272249","text":"to rise back up the charts. When Travis later performed the song at the 1999 Glastonbury Festival, after being dry for several hours, it began to rain as soon as the first line was sung. The following day, the story was all over the papers and television, and with increased word of mouth and radio play of \"Why Does It Always Rain on Me?\" and the album's other singles, \"The Man Who\" rose to number one on the UK Albums Chart, going on to become the year's third best-selling album in the country. By the end of the year, the","title":"The Man Who"},{"psg_id":"4272248","text":"other hand, felt that even without much musical innovation or a defining statement, the album showcases the band as \"ordinary chaps making extraordinarily pretty music\" and \"good songwriters not trying too hard\". While \"The Man Who\" initially looked as though it would mirror the success of \"Good Feeling\", entering the UK Albums Chart at number five, it quickly slipped down the charts with little radio play of its singles, in addition to its mixed critical reception. However, the success of the album's third single \"Why Does It Always Rain on Me?\" increased awareness of the band and the album began","title":"The Man Who"},{"psg_id":"409138","text":"that reasonable efforts have been made to keep the information confidential, the information remains a trade secret and generally remains legally protected. Conversely, trade secret owners who cannot evidence reasonable efforts at protecting confidential information risk losing the trade secret, even if the information is obtained by competitors illegally. It is for this reason that trade secret owners shred documents and do not simply recycle them. A successful plaintiff is entitled to various forms of judicial relief, including: Hong Kong does not follow the traditional commonwealth approach, instead recognizing trade secrets where a judgment of the High Court indicates that","title":"Trade secret"},{"psg_id":"10338409","text":"He who does not work, neither shall he eat He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution. The aphorism is found in the Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle (with Silvanus and Timothy) to the Thessalonians, in which Paul writes: that is, The Greek phrase means \"is not willing to work\". Other English translations render this as \"would\" or \"will not work\", which may confuse readers unaccustomed to this use of the verb \"will\"","title":"He who does not work, neither shall he eat"},{"psg_id":"18999713","text":"organisations which represented the views of contractors on the Strategic Forum for Construction, along with the Construction Alliance. UKCG also worked closely with the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) Construction Council. The National Specialist Contractors' Council comprised 32 specialist trade associations representing companies involved in planning, design, construction, refurbishment and maintenance of the built environment. The NSCC represented these specialist trade organisations on the Strategic Forum for Construction, alongside the Specialist Engineering Contractors Group. It was a member of the Joint Contracts Tribunal. Build UK has four categories of membership: Alliance, Clients, Contractors and Trade Associations. Build UK Build UK","title":"Build UK"},{"psg_id":"20179048","text":"threshold. As we can see from the landslide result, even if all 12,000 had voted \"No\", \"Yes would still have had a significant majority. So, if at least 12k of those who didn't vote would have voted \"No\", they have successfully achieved their aim of preventing the union calling a strike by not voting whereas casting a \"No\" vote would have allowed \"Yes\" to act. Trade Union Act 2016 The Trade Union Act 2016 (c 15) is a UK labour law passed by the David Cameron administration of the UK Conservative Party. It amended the Trade Union and Labour Relations","title":"Trade Union Act 2016"},{"psg_id":"9929891","text":"Criticism of the World Trade Organization The stated aim of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is to \"ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible\". However, it is important to note that the WTO does not claim to be a \"free market\" organization. According to the WTO, it is \"sometimes described as a 'free trade' institution, but that is not entirely accurate. The system does allow tariffs and, in limited circumstances, other forms of protection. More accurately, it is a system of rules dedicated to open, fair and undistorted economic competition.\" This compatibility to a certain degree","title":"Criticism of the World Trade Organization"},{"psg_id":"2849325","text":"Trade Justice Movement in the UK was the first formal coalition of groups to use the term \"trade justice\" (partly because in the UK, \"fair trade\" usually refers to Fairtrade certification and is a consumer model of change rather than an overtly political movement calling for government action). The term trade justice has been widely adopted internationally by campaign groups, for example by the over 100 national platforms of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty where it is one of the four main demands. In many countries \"fair trade\" is used as well as or instead of \"trade justice\".","title":"Trade justice"},{"psg_id":"19626641","text":"for and then negotiating free trade agreements and market access deals with non-EU countries. The new department is a specialised body with significant new trade negotiating capacity. It took on the responsibilities of UK Trade and Investment, which was previously operated by both the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Department for Business Innovation and Skills, it also took on the latter's other relevant trade functions; as well as responsibility for UK Export Finance. It is overseen by the Secretary of State for International Trade, currently Liam Fox. As of February 2017, the department employs about 200 trade negotiators. The","title":"Department for International Trade"},{"psg_id":"19300561","text":"business-to-business meetings, often with senior political and commercial decision makers. UKABC works in partnership with the Department for International Trade (formerly UK Trade & Investment). The UK-ASEAN Business Council is a sister organisation to the UK India Business Council and the China–Britain Business Council. UKABC was created out of UK Trade & Investment's strategy \"Britain Open for Business\", was launched by Dr Vince Cable in November 2011. In 2015, The UK-ASEAN Business council moved from within the Department for Business, Innovation & Skills into Millbank Tower, and became a private company. As of January 2016, The UK-ASEAN Business Council had","title":"UK-ASEAN Business Council"},{"psg_id":"4572801","text":"band being shown in a floating living room, performing the song. The video ends with the living room floating away. It does not actually rain at any point during the video. Why Does It Always Rain on Me? \"Why Does It Always Rain on Me?\" is a song by Scottish band Travis, released as the third single from their second studio album, \"The Man Who\". The song became the group's international breakthrough single, receiving recognition around the world. It was their first Top 10 hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 10. The song also peaked at number","title":"Why Does It Always Rain on Me?"},{"psg_id":"10297962","text":"chart position. At the time, Moby felt that the single's success in Germany was \"as far as any success for \"Play\" was gonna go.\" On October 16, 2000, \"Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?\" was re-released as a double A-side single with a remix of \"Honey\" featuring American R&B singer Kelis, reaching number 17 on the UK Singles Chart. The music video for \"Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?\" was directed by Filipe Alçada, Hotessa Laurence, and Susi Wilkinson. It is completely animated and features the character Little Idiot, who is also featured on the \"Why Does My","title":"Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?"},{"psg_id":"18627414","text":"negotiations were re-launched in May 2010 at the EU-LAC Summit of Madrid and are ongoing. The objective is to negotiate a comprehensive trade agreement, covering not only trade in industrial and agricultural goods but also services, improvement of rules on government procurement, intellectual property, customs and trade facilitation, technical barriers to trade. EU is Mercosur first trading partner accounting for 19.8% of Mercosur's total trade with the World and worth €109.895 billion in 2013. Argentina has been recording trade surpluses since 2001, mostly due to exports of agricultural products. Main exports are: cereals, fats and oils, beef and related products","title":"Argentina foreign trade relations with the European Union"},{"psg_id":"7559698","text":"Rough Trade (shops) Rough Trade is a group of independent record shops in the UK and the US with headquarters in London, UK. The first Rough Trade shop was opened in 1976 by Geoff Travis in the Ladbroke Grove district of west London. In 1978, the shop spawned Rough Trade Records, which became the label of bands from The Smiths to The Libertines. In 1982, the two separated and the shop remains an independent entity from the label, although links between the two are strong. At the same time, the shop moved from its original location on Kensington Park Road","title":"Rough Trade (shops)"},{"psg_id":"18866901","text":"and meetings of Russian officials and businessmen with their British counterparts aimed at development of international cooperation, facilitating experience and knowledge sharing, establishment of business contacts and finding new partners. The Trade Delegation renders assistance to Russian companies in organising exhibitions in the UK, establishing contacts and communicating with exhibition organisers, preparation of joint expositions at various trade shows to optimise their costs. It also organises road shows of Russian regions in the UK in order to promote their investment attractiveness and economic potential. In particular, a permanent exposition of export potential of Russian regions has been established at the","title":"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom"},{"psg_id":"14218895","text":"IPEX (trade show) The International Printing Machinery and Allied Trades Exhibition (IPEX) is the longest running printing and graphic arts trade show in the English-speaking world. The trade show used to be every four years but changed its cycle in line with Drupa and will now take place every three years. IPEX remains an international event, serving both the UK and the international print industry. IPEX 2017 took place at the NEC, Birmingham, UK, on 31 October - 3 November 2017. Organisers, in discussion with visitors and exhibitors, will decide upon the future frequency of the exhibition, with the next","title":"IPEX (trade show)"},{"psg_id":"20935818","text":"over one billion people and two trillion USD. Intra-continental trade has struggling in the past with only 10.2% of trade in the continent being done in Africa in 2010. The Chairperson of the African Union and President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, writes, \"Increasing intra-African trade does not mean doing less business with the rest of the world.On the contrary, as we trade more among ourselves, African firms will become bigger, more specialized, and more competitive internationally.From now on, the clear wish of everyone is that consultation between business and political leadership, at all levels, becomes a continuous feature of continental","title":"Trade in the East African Community"},{"psg_id":"8529250","text":"second room named the 'Trade lite lounge' playing a lighter funkier style of house music which quickly gained a big following. In 2000 Trade hosted one of the two main stages (the other BBC Radio 1) for the first UK Love Parade festival held at Roundhay Park, Leeds the event was attended by 500,000 people. The original Trade resident DJs were, Martin Confusion, Daz Saund, Trevor Rockliffe, Smokin Jo and Malcolm Duffy, These were followed most notably by the late Tony De Vit, but also Tall Paul, Alan Thompson, Steve Thomas, Pete Wardman, Ian M and Fergie Other DJs who","title":"Trade (nightclub)"},{"psg_id":"13741452","text":"and finds the two lying dead. The murder weapon is tracked to Bjurman who is also deceased. Salander is the prime suspect, as her fingerprints happen to be on the gun. Salander tells Blomkvist that she did not kill anyone and that he needs to find the mysterious \"Zala.\" Blomkvist is contacted by Salander's boxing trainer and friend, Paolo Roberto. While he is unaware of Salander's whereabouts, Paolo does know Miriam, who also trained with them, and promises to pay her a visit. Near her apartment, Paolo witnesses Miriam being kidnapped by strongman Ronald Niedermann. Paolo follows his car to","title":"The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)"},{"psg_id":"3932569","text":"Trade unions in Malaysia Trade unions in Malaysia are regulated by the Trades Unions Act 1959 While the Malaysian constitution guarantees the rights of all Malaysians to form and join a trade union, there are several restrictions imposed by the laws relating to trade unions, i.e. the Trade Unions Act 1959 (TUA) and the Industrial Relations Act 1967 (IRA) The restrictive Trade Unions Act does not allow general unions for workers. Membership of any trade union is confined to only those who are employees of a particular industry, establishment, trade and occupation. Example a bank employee could only be a","title":"Trade unions in Malaysia"},{"psg_id":"12084798","text":"relationships and their lazy attitudes. The chorus states her frustration with men not completing everyday housekeeping tasks; \"Does he wash up? Never wash up/Does he clean up? No he never cleans up/Does he brush up? He never brushed up\". In the final verse the lyrics state, \"And if the man can't dance/He gets no second chance\"; a reference to her refusal to date men if they cannot dance. In an interview Dixon explained in further detail about the lyric, saying \"I have to be honest, I do like a man who can dance, but it's not a deal-breaker. It's nice","title":"The Boy Does Nothing"},{"psg_id":"14363660","text":"extraordinary singer. Mother of two daughters. Camille Musser, a gifted painter and mother of two, Musser founded the Youlou Arts Foundation. Mayumi Oda, a print maker, activist and mother of two, was born in Japan. Oda’s art focuses primarily on goddess imagery. Janis Wunderlich, a sculptor, mother of five, and full time working artist. Wunderlich creates fairytale-esque creatures out of clay. One critic has stated, \"It’s not every documentary that compels me to stay up writing most of the night and that weighs heavily on my mind for days. But, then again, \"Who Does She Think She Is?\" is not","title":"Who Does She Think She Is"},{"psg_id":"8422896","text":"his arm, but she thinks he is only joking when he tells her this. When he decides to break up with her, he wears six sweaters on top of each other to cushion the punches, but Rachel saves him the trouble of transforming into a punchbag when, after Katie playfully punches her a few times and accidentally hurts her also, she retaliates by angrily kicking Katie's ankle, hurting Katie, who is furious and demands that Joey stick up for her. He refuses, however, hoping that she will consequently break up with him – which she does, much to his delight.","title":"The One with the Girl Who Hits Joey"},{"psg_id":"14218896","text":"edition planned for 2019. IPEX (trade show) The International Printing Machinery and Allied Trades Exhibition (IPEX) is the longest running printing and graphic arts trade show in the English-speaking world. The trade show used to be every four years but changed its cycle in line with Drupa and will now take place every three years. IPEX remains an international event, serving both the UK and the international print industry. IPEX 2017 took place at the NEC, Birmingham, UK, on 31 October - 3 November 2017. Organisers, in discussion with visitors and exhibitors, will decide upon the future frequency of the","title":"IPEX (trade show)"},{"psg_id":"11771698","text":"addition, fishermen in Lofoten and Vesterålen were allowed to trade directly. During the Gunboat War in the early 19th century, the United Kingdom introduced a trade embargo against Denmark-Norway. In this period, the pomor trade proved vital for North Norway. A decree legalising direct trade between fishermen and pomors during the war came in 1809, because of the looming famine. Several Russian vessels were seized by the UK, and thus many vessels did not sail any further than East Finnmark. Then in 1809, during the Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812), the UK placed a blockade along Norway's coast in the years, amongst","title":"Pomor trade"},{"psg_id":"597575","text":"a licensing agency for the Fairtrade International label, broke from the system and is implementing its own fair trade labelling scheme, which has resulted in controversy due to its inclusion of independent smallholders and estates for all crops. In 2008, Fairtrade International certified approximately (€3.4B) of products. The World Trade Organization publishes annual figures on the world trade of goods and services. The fair trade movement is popular in the UK, where there are 500 Fairtrade towns, 118 universities, over 6,000 churches, and over 4,000 UK schools registered in the Fairtrade Schools Scheme. In 2011, over 1.2 million farmers and","title":"Fair trade"},{"psg_id":"15030218","text":"UK India Business Council The UK India Business Council (UKIBC) is a membership-based, non-profit organisation founded in 2007 to foster trade and business relations between the United Kingdom and India. The organisation works with businesses in both countries, as well as the UK and Indian governments, to promote and increase bilateral trade. The UK India Business Council supports UK businesses with the insights, networks, policy advocacy, services, and facilities needed to succeed in India. They help UK companies achieve success whether they are well-established in India or in the early stages of their engagement. Working with the UK Government and","title":"UK India Business Council"},{"psg_id":"17536342","text":"Kiss Does... Rave Kiss Does... Rave is a compilation album released by the Kiss Network on 30 April 2007. It was released on both a two-CD album and on a 1GB USB flash drive – it was the first album in the UK to be released in USB format, and was sold exclusively through HMV stores and on Kiss and HMV's websites. Steve Parkinson, Kiss's managing director, described releasing the album on USB as \"another example of Kiss being ahead of the game, knowing its audience and engaging with them in ways that will inspire and entertain\". The first disc","title":"Kiss Does... Rave"},{"psg_id":"6313297","text":"Campaign Against Arms Trade Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) is a UK-based campaigning organisation working towards the abolition of the international arms trade. It was founded in 1974 by a coalition of peace groups. It has been involved in several campaigns, particularly its legal challenge against the Serious Fraud Office's decision to suspend a corruption investigation into BAE Systems in 2007. On 27 September 2012, it was honoured with a Right Livelihood Award for its \"innovative and effective campaigning\". Campaigns are founded on research into the arms trade and arms companies, and their relationship with the UK government and military,","title":"Campaign Against Arms Trade"},{"psg_id":"18882383","text":"the Asset Based Finance Association, following a review into financial trade bodies. The resulting organisation, UK Finance, began operating in July 2017. Payments UK is governed by a board of directors representing a cross section of Payments UK's membership, including payment institutions, banks, technology firms and retailers. The independent chairman of its Board is Gerard Lemos CMG, and its chief executive is Maurice Cleaves. Lemos and Cleaves previously held the same positions in the Payments Council. Payments UK Payments UK was a trade association for financial institutions, technology firms and payment processing companies in the United Kingdom. It merged with","title":"Payments UK"},{"psg_id":"4061263","text":"Parts A and B, each of which had different registration criteria) and 1938, the last of which remained in force until it was superseded in 1994. The current UK Trade Mark legislation is the Trade Marks Act 1994, which implements the European Trade Marks Directive into national law. The UK Intellectual Property Office radically altered the way UK national trade mark applications were examined in October 2007. Previously, UK national trade mark applications underwent a full examination both on absolute (distinctiveness) and relative (prior rights) grounds. In October 2007, the search which formed a part of the examination of applications","title":"United Kingdom trade mark law"},{"psg_id":"15474830","text":"Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Slater Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Slater [2007] IRLR 928 (EAT) is a UK labour law case, concerning the effects of a business transfer on an employee's rights at work. If the company goes into voluntary liquidation, and the business is sold before the final disposal of assets, then TUPER 2006 regulation 8 does not apply. An insolvent company was going into voluntary liquidation, with the help of Deloitte accountants, on 25 July 2006. The employees were made redundant on 26 July 2006. On 27 July 2006 the business","title":"Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Slater"},{"psg_id":"17536343","text":"of the CD version of the album comprised 19 rave tracks from the 1990s; the second disc contained 18 new rave songs from the 2000s. The USB version held 26 tracks in 256kpbs WMA format. \"NME\" described \"Kiss Does... Rave\" as being \"the first album to draw the line between original and nu rave\". Kiss Does... Rave Kiss Does... Rave is a compilation album released by the Kiss Network on 30 April 2007. It was released on both a two-CD album and on a 1GB USB flash drive – it was the first album in the UK to be released","title":"Kiss Does... Rave"},{"psg_id":"16497179","text":"Court of Australia preferred to follow \"Reid\" instead, as has the British Columbia Court of Appeal. It should be borne in mind, however, that \"Sinclair\" ([insofar] as it relied on or followed \"Heiron\" and \"Lister\") was (partially) overruled in July 2014 by the United Kingdom Supreme Court, in \"FHR European Ventures LLP v Cedar Capital Partners LLC\". Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd Between 1995 and 1999 various investors, including Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd, paid money to Trading Partners Ltd to carry out trades in goods. Mr Cushnie was the director, transferred the money to another company","title":"Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd"},{"psg_id":"20669570","text":"including Mr Men Little Miss, which supports the charity's London Marathon entrants. In 2005, actor Linda Robson joined the charity's Board of Trustees. In November 2018, Eddie O’Gorman was presented with the Pride of Britain 'Lifetime Achievement' award. Children with Cancer UK Children With Cancer UK is a UK-based charity dedicated to raising money for research and providing care for children with cancer and their families. The aims of their research projects are to understand what causes children to get cancer and to develop improved treatments. Children With Cancer UK was established in 1987 by Eddie and Marion O’Gorman and","title":"Children with Cancer UK"},{"psg_id":"12646276","text":"Trade Union Act 1871 Trade Union Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict c 31) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which legalised trade unions for the first time in the United Kingdom. This was one of the founding pieces of legislation in UK labour law, though it has today been superseded by the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992. The Conservative Prime Minister, the Earl of Derby, set up a Royal Commission on Trade Unions in 1867. One worker representative was on the commission, Frederic Harrison, who prepared union witnesses. Robert Applegarth from the","title":"Trade Union Act 1871"},{"psg_id":"5045837","text":"remaining members of Duran Duran - Nick Rhodes, John Taylor and Simon Le Bon. Two further mixes of \"Skin Trade\" (S.O.S. Dub & Parisian Mix) were completed, but not released commercially during the \"Skin Trade\" release cycle. They appeared on a US 12\" promo and on a UK 12\" promo, backed with remixes of the next single \"Meet El Presidente\". The \"\"Parisian Mix\"\" was also released on the promo-only \"Master Mixes\" EP. The \"\"Parisian Mix\"\" was finally released commercially in the UK and in the U.S. on the \"All She Wants Is\" (1988) 3\" CD single. \"Skin Trade\" was the","title":"Skin Trade (song)"},{"psg_id":"4061265","text":"been sent to the applicant to assist them in making an opposition. A fast-track application process has also been available to applicants since 7 April 2008. Aspects of UK common law also relate to trade marks, most notably the common law tort of passing off. United Kingdom trade mark law United Kingdom trade mark law provides protection for the use of trade marks in the UK. A trade mark is a way for one party to distinguish themselves from another. In the business world, a trade mark provides a product or organisation with an identity which cannot be imitated by","title":"United Kingdom trade mark law"},{"psg_id":"20609436","text":"islands and not mainland Europe. In March 2010, members of the ELSPA voted to rename the association as UKIE, reflecting \"the evolving and expanding nature of the industry, which the association exists to represent, and to encompass the new areas of activity that will be undertaken\". The name was fully changed by September 2010. In 2011, UKIE proposed a merger with The Independent Game Developers' Association (TIGA), a UK trade association for video game developers, to consolidate the two organisations under one trade body to represent the entire UK games industry. However TIGA's board rejected the proposal. TIGA's stance remained","title":"The Association for UK Interactive Entertainment"},{"psg_id":"16410612","text":"that symbolize the abuse of capitalism. In 1946 the organization Ten Thousand Villages was created, and was the first official organization to support the idea of fair trade, and equal distribution of trade benefits. The first formal World Fair Trade shops can also be traced back to America, where in 1958 outlets for needlework and small jewelry from Puerto Rico were sold at shop fronts. The movement also saw growth in Europe, headed by Oxfam UK who sold craft good made by Chinese refugees in Oxfam shop front. Oxfam UK protested against the inequality existent within global capitalism, and established","title":"Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa"},{"psg_id":"20179043","text":"Trade Union Act 2016 The Trade Union Act 2016 (c 15) is a UK labour law passed by the David Cameron administration of the UK Conservative Party. It amended the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 in order to make freedom of association and collective action harder. It was fiercely opposed by all UK trade unions . Section 2 introduced a new requirement of 50% of union members to vote in a ballot for strike action, under TULRCA 1992 section 226(2). Section 3, inserting a new section 226(2A)-(2F) requires that in health, school education, fire, transport, nuclear decommissioning","title":"Trade Union Act 2016"},{"psg_id":"16241975","text":"UK bookselling calendar. As well as speeches by key industry figures, it also sees the presentation of the \"Nibbies\", awards for trade bookselling and booksellers. Booksellers Association of the UK and Ireland The Booksellers Association of the UK and Ireland (BA) is a trade body founded to promote retail bookselling in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It operates the National Book Token scheme in the UK and sponsors the Whitbread Award The BA represents 95% of British retail booksellers. The BA operates the Batch payments system, an electronic purchasing interface for independent bookshops. The BA has made calls for increased","title":"Booksellers Association of the UK and Ireland"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10441069\",\n \"text\": \"to promote British business and produce. UK Trade & Investment has public-private partnership agreements with the Federation of International Trade Associations under which they contribute market research and other reports on GlobalTrade.net. UK Trade & Investment has an arms-trade branch called \\\"UKTI DSO\\\" (UK Trade & Investment Defence & Security Organisation) headed by Sir Richard Paniguian. UK Trade & Investment UK Trade & Investment (UKTI) was a UK Government department working with businesses based in the United Kingdom to assist their success in international markets, and with overseas investors looking to the UK as an investment destination. In July 2016\",\n \"title\": \"UK Trade & Investment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10441066\",\n \"text\": \"UK Trade & Investment UK Trade & Investment (UKTI) was a UK Government department working with businesses based in the United Kingdom to assist their success in international markets, and with overseas investors looking to the UK as an investment destination. In July 2016 it was replaced by the Department for International Trade. UKTI was formed in May 1999 as British Trade International, comprising two parts: Trade Partners UK (for export) and Invest UK (for inward investment - FDI). In October 2003, the former department name and two inner departments merged and became UK Trade & Investment to simplify the\",\n \"title\": \"UK Trade & Investment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10441068\",\n \"text\": \"Kingdom is contracted out to other organisations. In Devon, Cornwall and Somerset, UKTI regional services are now delivered by Serco, In China, the China Britain Business Council, another private body, is the provider. Business and university leaders work with UKTI as \\\"business ambassadors\\\". They promote the UK internationally and highlight trade and investment opportunities. They focus on helping small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). UK Trade & Investment brings together the work of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. The UK Special Representative for International Trade and Investment works as part of UKTI\",\n \"title\": \"UK Trade & Investment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10441067\",\n \"text\": \"outward recognition of the organisation, and possibly to reduce confusion with the two departments. To support its aim to \\\"enhance the competitiveness of companies in Britain through overseas trade and investments; and attract a continuing high level of quality foreign direct investment\\\". UK Trade & Investment is an international organisation with headquarters in London and Glasgow in Scotland. Across its network UK Trade & Investment employs around 2,400 staff and advisers, including overseas in British Embassies, High Commissions, Consulates and trade offices, and regional offices in the nine English regions The delivery of many UKTI regional services within the United\",\n \"title\": \"UK Trade & Investment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15589153\",\n \"text\": \"Women's Trade Union League (UK) The Women's Trade Union League, founded in 1874 and known until 1890 as the Women's Protective and Provident League, was a British organisation promoting trade union for women workers. It was established by Emma Paterson, who had seen unions managed by working women in America. The league's principal founder was Emma Paterson. A member of the Working Men's Club and Institute Union, she persuaded many of that organisation's patrons to serve in the same role for the new league. In 1872, she became secretary of the Society for the Promotion of Women's Suffrage Association, and\",\n \"title\": \"Women's Trade Union League (UK)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15589145\",\n \"text\": \"Women's Trade Union League (UK) The Women's Trade Union League, founded in 1874 and known until 1890 as the Women's Protective and Provident League, was a British organisation promoting trade union for women workers. It was established by Emma Paterson, who had seen unions managed by working women in America. The league's principal founder was Emma Paterson. A member of the Working Men's Club and Institute Union, she persuaded many of that organisation's patrons to serve in the same role for the new league. In 1872, she became secretary of the Society for the Promotion of Women's Suffrage Association, and\",\n \"title\": \"Women's Trade Union League (UK)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2215151\",\n \"text\": \"the UK, and many of them affiliated to the Labour Party. In 1946, the affiliates were: Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union In British politics, the term affiliated trade union refers to a trade union that has an \\\"affiliation\\\" to the British Labour Party. The party was created by the trade unions and socialist societies in 1900 as the Labour Representation Committee. Since then, the unions have retained close institutional links with the Party. During Tony Blair's leadership of the Labour Party the RMT and Fire Brigades Union severed their links. However, the Fire Brigades Union re-affiliated to the Labour\",\n \"title\": \"Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3466151\",\n \"text\": \"Connect (UK trade union) Connect was a British trade union representing workers in the communications industry. The union was founded in 1912 as the Society of Post Office Engineering Inspectors. In 1947, the Society of Chief Inspectors merged in, and it adopted the new name of the Society of Telecommunication Engineers. Another merger took place in 1969, when the Telecommunication Traffic Officers' Association joined, with the name changing to the Society of Post Office Engineers, and in 1975 the Telecommunications Sales Superintendents' Association merged in, and it became the Society of Post Office Executives (SPOE), by which point it had\",\n \"title\": \"Connect (UK trade union)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3466153\",\n \"text\": \"still can access union services. Connect Members in BT undertook industrial action in 2008. Connect (UK trade union) Connect was a British trade union representing workers in the communications industry. The union was founded in 1912 as the Society of Post Office Engineering Inspectors. In 1947, the Society of Chief Inspectors merged in, and it adopted the new name of the Society of Telecommunication Engineers. Another merger took place in 1969, when the Telecommunication Traffic Officers' Association joined, with the name changing to the Society of Post Office Engineers, and in 1975 the Telecommunications Sales Superintendents' Association merged in, and\",\n \"title\": \"Connect (UK trade union)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2215147\",\n \"text\": \"Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union In British politics, the term affiliated trade union refers to a trade union that has an \\\"affiliation\\\" to the British Labour Party. The party was created by the trade unions and socialist societies in 1900 as the Labour Representation Committee. Since then, the unions have retained close institutional links with the Party. During Tony Blair's leadership of the Labour Party the RMT and Fire Brigades Union severed their links. However, the Fire Brigades Union re-affiliated to the Labour Party in November 2015. The nature of affiliation means that the unions pay an annual fee\",\n \"title\": \"Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8006325\",\n \"text\": \"General Federation of Trade Unions (UK) The General Federation of Trade Unions (GFTU) is a national trade union centre in the United Kingdom. It has 35 affiliates with a membership of just over 214,000 and describes itself as the \\\"federation for specialist unions\\\". In the 1890s, the development of socialist organisations and socialist thinking also found expression in the British trade union movement. Many of the new unions formed during that period were committed to the socialist transformation of society and were critical of the conservatism of the craft unions. The debate revolved around concept of building \\\"\\\"one-big-union\\\"\\\" which would\",\n \"title\": \"General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14794984\",\n \"text\": \"Teachers' trade unions in the United Kingdom Teachers' trade unions in the United Kingdom are trade unions for teachers in operating in the United Kingdom. Due to the differing education systems in the UK, most unions only organise in certain parts of the country and some focus on certain members of staff, such as headteachers. Teaching is an unusual profession in that it does not have one leading union, but has many different ones, often with differing aims. Having said that, the NEU and NASUWT jointly represent the vast majority of teachers in England and Wales, while the EIS represents\",\n \"title\": \"Teachers' trade unions in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16349718\",\n \"text\": \"it creates value, growth and knowledge for Denmark through consulting services and partnerships. Being the third largest export market for Denmark, it is crucial for Danish companies to look at the British market, and this is where the Danish Trade Council can provide professional consulting. The Danish Trade Council in the UK also assist UK companies to get in contact Danish exporters. <div> \\\"Exporting to Denmark\\\" UK eksporters wishing to market their products/services in Denmark should contact UK Trade and Invest, www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk or the British Embassy in Denmark, www.britishembassy.dk. The Danish Trade Council The Danish Trade Council is a trade\",\n \"title\": \"The Danish Trade Council\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4682416\",\n \"text\": \"for email messages that would identify the confidential source. Apple maintained in its filings that the information published by the defendants qualified as trade secrets under California statutes including the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (USTA) and the California Penal Code. The defendants publicly informed Apple they would not comply, and filed demands for protective orders with the court, attempting to block Apple's subpoenas. Apple also filed a trade secret lawsuit over a separate issue against \\\"Think Secret\\\"'s owner on January 4, 2004. In the \\\"Does\\\" matter, Apple did not sue specific journalists, but sought information concerning who leaked information on\",\n \"title\": \"Apple v. Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12084804\",\n \"text\": \"given to \\\"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\\\" by Beyoncé. \\\"The Boy Does Nothing\\\" debuted at #84 on the UK Singles Chart. The single became her first solo single to reach the top 10, following a 76 spot jump from #84 to #8 on downloads alone, selling 27,683 copies. On 16 November 2008, \\\"The Boy Does Nothing\\\" had advanced to #5 on the chart after the physical release of the single. The song spent 16 weeks in the UK Top 40. On the Irish Singles Chart, the song peaked at #19 on 11 November 2008 and falling to #20\",\n \"title\": \"The Boy Does Nothing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4042764\",\n \"text\": \"manufacturing, instead it focuses on distributing and selling bought in products. Wolseley UK Wolseley UK (formerly Wolseley Centers) is the holding company for several well known United Kingdom builders merchants, including \\\"Plumb Center\\\". Wolseley UK is the country's largest supplier of building materials, with trade customers (plumbers and builders) accounting for the largest proportion of its sales. It does, however, have retail showrooms around the United Kingdom which are open to the general public. The company's headquarters used to be in Ripon, Yorkshire and was the city's largest employer. Relations with the city were not always cordial, the company initially\",\n \"title\": \"Wolseley UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4042760\",\n \"text\": \"Wolseley UK Wolseley UK (formerly Wolseley Centers) is the holding company for several well known United Kingdom builders merchants, including \\\"Plumb Center\\\". Wolseley UK is the country's largest supplier of building materials, with trade customers (plumbers and builders) accounting for the largest proportion of its sales. It does, however, have retail showrooms around the United Kingdom which are open to the general public. The company's headquarters used to be in Ripon, Yorkshire and was the city's largest employer. Relations with the city were not always cordial, the company initially blocked plans for a road bypass which threatened to limit its\",\n \"title\": \"Wolseley UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8006328\",\n \"text\": \"of affiliated Unions. In keeping with its original objectives, the Federation pays dispute benefit in appropriate cases to affiliated Unions. The Governing Body is the Biennial General Council Meeting, attended by delegates from affiliated Unions, at which policy and rule changes are debated and an Executive Committee of 14 members elected to meet on a monthly basis between Biennial General Council Meetings. The Federation undertakes its Parliamentary activities by working closely with John Mann MP, Member of Parliament Bassetlaw Constituency, particularly in respect of proposed legislation. General Federation of Trade Unions (UK) The General Federation of Trade Unions (GFTU) is\",\n \"title\": \"General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16714611\",\n \"text\": \"trade agreements with the EU. The EU, through the Lome and Cotonou Agreements, have extended some preferential trade access to developing Commonwealth countries. However, the idea of establishing a free trade area within the Commonwealth has garnered interests in the UK amongst politicians and parties that advocated leaving the European Union who cite the development of a Commonwealth free trade policy as an important step in reshaping the UK's trade policy. The UK Independence Party has included a call for a Commonwealth Free Trade Agreement in its policy manifesto during the 2010 British general election. In addition, some members of\",\n \"title\": \"Commonwealth free trade\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18866902\",\n \"text\": \"Trade Delegation for this purpose. The Trade Delegation takes part in activities of the UK-Russia Intergovernmental Steering Committee on Trade and Investment (ISC). The Trade Delegation assists in preparation of regular ISC sessions and interim meetings of Deputy Co-Chairs. The Trade Delegation cooperates with British ministries and agencies including Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Ministry for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), UK Trade & Investment (UKTI), UK Export Finance (UKEF) and others. The Trade Delegation also works with British industry and business associations among which are the Confederation of British\",\n \"title\": \"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8006327\",\n \"text\": \"up a national organisation with a strike fund which could be drawn upon by affiliated trade unions. GFTU participated in the foundation of the International Federation of Trade Unions at the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam in July 1919. The federation has seen a large turnover of members, due largely to mergers in the movement. In 1979, its members were: By 2016, none of the 1979 members remained as independent unions. The GFTU now concentrates on servicing the needs of specialist unions. It does this by providing courses, undertaking research for its affiliated Unions and administering a Pension Scheme for officials and staff\",\n \"title\": \"General Federation of Trade Unions (UK)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16349717\",\n \"text\": \"The Danish Trade Council The Danish Trade Council is a trade organisation within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark to promote Danish exports and investment abroad. The Council has an office in Copenhagen that houses roughly 100 employees, and also employs another 300 people at embassies, consulates, and trade commissions worldwide. The Council works to expand Danish exports and investment worldwide by offering Danish companies advise on international activities. The Council also publishes annual report on its activities. <div> The Danish Trade Council in UK <div> The Danish Trade Council in UK is located at the Danish Embassy, where\",\n \"title\": \"The Danish Trade Council\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18866897\",\n \"text\": \"established on 24 February 1920. It was the first Russian trade representation abroad and it began the history of trade representations of Russia in foreign countries. By now the word “Delegation” still appears in the official English name for the Russian Trade Representative’s Office to the UK. The Trade Delegation is headed by the Trade Representative who is appointed by the Government of the Russian Federation upon recommendation by the Ministry of Economic Development agreed with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. The Trade Delegation is a means of non-financial support of foreign economic activity of the\",\n \"title\": \"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"470489\",\n \"text\": \"band toured the US and UK from June to October 2000, to generally favourable reviews, culminating in a charity show at the Royal Albert Hall for the Teenage Cancer trust with guest performances from Paul Weller, Eddie Vedder, Noel Gallagher, Bryan Adams and Nigel Kennedy. Stephen Tomas Erlewine described the gig as \\\"an exceptional reunion concert\\\". In 2001 the band performed the Concert for New York City at Madison Square Garden for families of firefighters and police who had lost their lives following the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center, and were honoured with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement\",\n \"title\": \"The Who\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14363661\",\n \"text\": \"your average documentary.\\\" There have been more mixed reviews, one magazine saying that the film has “revelatory moments” but also provides too restrictive a definition of “artist” and at times was “clumsily” composed. \\\"The New York Times\\\" called the film an answer to the call of “self-expression in the face of biological imperatives and cultural programming.” \\\"The Village Voice\\\" has called it “a call to arms.”. According to \\\"The Huffington Post\\\", despite the films feminist stance, it produces and engaging story. Who Does She Think She Is Who Does She Think She Is? is a 2008 American documentary film directed\",\n \"title\": \"Who Does She Think She Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14363657\",\n \"text\": \"Who Does She Think She Is Who Does She Think She Is? is a 2008 American documentary film directed by Pamela Tanner Boll about the societal push for women to choose between art and motherhood and the struggle five female artists (Maye Torres, Angela Williams, Camille Musser, Mayumi Oda and Janice Mars Wunderlich) face in reconciling both parts of their lives. Boll was the co-executive producer of the 2005 Academy Award-winning documentary, \\\"Born Into Brothels\\\". The film follows five diverse women artists; Maye Torres, Mayumi Oda, Camille Musser, Angela Williams and Janice Mars Wunderlich, ranging in age from 27 to\",\n \"title\": \"Who Does She Think She Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18866900\",\n \"text\": \"issues The Trade Delegation provides consultancy on different aspects of foreign economic activities including selection of potential trade partners and investors, certification procedures, company registration rules, existing trade barriers, customs procedures when importing to the UK. The Trade Delegation also provides legal consultancy to Russian companies planning to enter the UK market, e.g. consultations on taxation legislation, export/import, customs and currency regulation, and pre-trial commercial dispute resolution. 3. Promotion of Russian goods and services in the UK and development of inter-regional cooperation The Trade Delegation jointly with the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation organises business missions, negotiations\",\n \"title\": \"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4682413\",\n \"text\": \"Apple v. Does Apple v. Does (O'Grady v. Superior Court) was a high-profile legal proceeding in the USA notable for bringing into question the breadth of the shield law protecting journalists from being forced to reveal their sources, and whether that law applied to online news journalists writing about corporate trade secrets. The case was also notable for the large collection of amici curiae who joined in the matter. The case began after several online news journals published articles concerning unreleased Apple products. Apple issued subpoenas seeking the identity of the source who leaked the information, information Apple considered a\",\n \"title\": \"Apple v. Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4086888\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Preface with a Brief History 1849–1998\\\" was included in \\\"Who's Who 1998\\\". The name has been widely copied, and now there are many publications with \\\"Who's Who\\\" in the title such as \\\"Marquis Who's Who\\\", though they are not from the same publisher. Some of these are considered to be merely Who's Who scams. The name is also often used metaphorically, as in this example from an Associated Press wire article about Los Angeles cemeteries: Who's Who (UK) Who's Who is a source of biographical data on more than 33,000 influential people from around the world. Published annually since 1849,\",\n \"title\": \"Who's Who (UK)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12643737\",\n \"text\": \"compilation album, \\\"Twenty Five Years of Dr. Feelgood\\\". She Does It Right \\\"She Does It Right\\\" is a song by the band Dr. Feelgood. Recorded in 1974 it appeared on their debut album, \\\"Down by the Jetty\\\". \\\"She Does It Right\\\" was also issued as a single in the UK in March 1975. It failed to reach the UK Singles Chart. Written by Wilko Johnson, and produced by Vic Maile, the song was Dr. Feelgood's second single release, following their debut with \\\"Roxette\\\". The b-side of the record, \\\"I Don't Mind\\\", was also penned by Johnson. \\\"She Does It Right\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"She Does It Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12643736\",\n \"text\": \"She Does It Right \\\"She Does It Right\\\" is a song by the band Dr. Feelgood. Recorded in 1974 it appeared on their debut album, \\\"Down by the Jetty\\\". \\\"She Does It Right\\\" was also issued as a single in the UK in March 1975. It failed to reach the UK Singles Chart. Written by Wilko Johnson, and produced by Vic Maile, the song was Dr. Feelgood's second single release, following their debut with \\\"Roxette\\\". The b-side of the record, \\\"I Don't Mind\\\", was also penned by Johnson. \\\"She Does It Right\\\" was also later included in Dr. Feelgood's 1997's\",\n \"title\": \"She Does It Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13252681\",\n \"text\": \"the H.N. Werkmanprize for the design. Ten years after Trinité, De Does designed his second serif typeface, Lexicon, for the Van Dale dictionary. This typeface was specifically designed for use at small pointsizes. Bram de Does Bram de Does (19 July, 1934 – 28 December, 2015) was a graphic and type designer.Born in Amsterdam, De Does studied at the Amsterdamse Grafische School in the 1950s. De Does came into contact with the printing trade at an early age, as his father had a printing office in the east of Amsterdam. From 1958 to 1988 he worked, with several intervals, at\",\n \"title\": \"Bram de Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13252677\",\n \"text\": \"Bram de Does Bram de Does (19 July, 1934 – 28 December, 2015) was a graphic and type designer.Born in Amsterdam, De Does studied at the Amsterdamse Grafische School in the 1950s. De Does came into contact with the printing trade at an early age, as his father had a printing office in the east of Amsterdam. From 1958 to 1988 he worked, with several intervals, at Joh. Enschedé, a printing office in Haarlem. He worked there primarily as a book designer. De Does was asked by his employer to design a typeface, which was to become Trinité. He died\",\n \"title\": \"Bram de Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20669568\",\n \"text\": \"Children with Cancer UK Children With Cancer UK is a UK-based charity dedicated to raising money for research and providing care for children with cancer and their families. The aims of their research projects are to understand what causes children to get cancer and to develop improved treatments. Children With Cancer UK was established in 1987 by Eddie and Marion O’Gorman and their family in memory of their son, Paul, who died from leukaemia. The initial aim was to raise £100,000 for research and support. The O’Gormans lost a second child, their daughter Jean, to cancer shortly after their first\",\n \"title\": \"Children with Cancer UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10338413\",\n \"text\": \"fault for their condition. The elderly, in particular, had worked during their youth, and so could not be denied life's basic necessities. The Soviet state would then, at least theoretically, provide a basic level of social security. The principle was enunciated in the Russian Constitution of 1918. Leon Trotsky wrote that: \\\"The old principle: who does not work shall not eat, has been replaced with a new one: who does not obey shall not eat.\\\" The context of this statement was a criticism of the Stalinist regime that Trotsky opposed, not a prescription for society. He who does not work,\",\n \"title\": \"He who does not work, neither shall he eat\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13089820\",\n \"text\": \"book priced £2.99 or more. World Book Day is a registered charity. It does not raise funds for itself but does support Book Aid International and Readathon as its nominated charities, encouraging schools to hold special fundraising events for children less fortunate than themselves. World Book Day is not funded by the British Government although the Quick Reads element does receive support from ACE, DIUS and NIACE. The funding for World Book Day activities comes principally from the major sponsor, National Book Tokens and the UK book trade (publishers and booksellers). World Book Day (UK and Ireland) World Book Day\",\n \"title\": \"World Book Day (UK and Ireland)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5210748\",\n \"text\": \"Trade Justice Movement The Trade Justice Movement is a British coalition, founded in 2000, of more than 80 organizations campaigning for trade justice. The Trade Justice Movement has a present priority campaign on the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), the European Union (EU) is negotiating with its former colonies in Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. The coalition also campaigns for effective regulation of the corporations that make up 70% of world trade. In 2006 this included one of the largest UK campaigns of that year with over 100,000 UK voters contacting their MP, resulting in changes to UK company law\",\n \"title\": \"Trade Justice Movement\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14002373\",\n \"text\": \"tunes. The title track \\\"Does Anybody Miss Me\\\" was issued as a single in the UK, backed with the non album track \\\"Fa Fa Fa\\\", but this failed to make any impression on the chart. \\\"Does Anybody Miss Me\\\" has remained part of her live show and was recorded as the opening track of the album \\\"Live At Talk Of The Town\\\" in 1970. This album saw Bassey re-record her 1958 UK #1 hit single \\\"As I Love You\\\" which she had previously released on the Philips label. Also issued in the US as \\\"Does Anybody Miss Me\\\" there the\",\n \"title\": \"Does Anybody Miss Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16497170\",\n \"text\": \"Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd Between 1995 and 1999 various investors, including Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd, paid money to Trading Partners Ltd to carry out trades in goods. Mr Cushnie was the director, transferred the money to another company he owned called Versailles Trade Finance Ltd, which was meant to engage in the factoring business. Instead, Versailles fraudulently used the money partly simply to pay ‘profits’ to traders, but also was stolen by Mr Clough, or circulated around other companies so as to appear that genuine business was taking place. Mr Cushnie sold his shares for\",\n \"title\": \"Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18446728\",\n \"text\": \"to publish titles gloablly. By the 14th century a commercial book trade had been established in the UK, and before printing was introduced to Europe by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439 the trade consisted of scribes who wrote manuscripts. By the early 15th century the majority of those engaged in these activities were situated in London and belonged to a trade guild called the Company of Stationers. By the 16th century publishers and printers controlled the book trade and introduced a commercial aspect, relying for much of their income on the sales of popular religious books, almanacs, prognostications and similar literature.\",\n \"title\": \"Book trade in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2849322\",\n \"text\": \"Trade justice Trade justice is a campaign by non-governmental organisations, plus efforts by other actors, to change the rules and practices of world trade in order to promote fairness. These organizations include consumer groups, trade unions, faith groups, aid agencies and environmental groups. The organizations campaigning for trade justice posit this concept in opposition to free trade, the advocates of which often also claim pro-poor outcomes. Trade justice advocates argue that truly free trade does not and will never exist, and that governmental policies on trade should be in the public interest, rather than the interest of wealthy entities who\",\n \"title\": \"Trade justice\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12002770\",\n \"text\": \"Administration (TGA). The Red Cross will re-submit their application to reduce the deferral period to six months in 2018. Italy, Latvia, Poland, Russia and Spain are the only European countries that don't have deferral policies for men who have sex with men. The donation is allowed if the donor hasn't had a risky sexual encounter, but not depending on the sexual orientation of the donor. The UK since November 2017 has implemented a 3 month deferral policy on all gay/bi men who want to donate their blood, the lowest in the western world. However this does not apply to Northern\",\n \"title\": \"Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"409149\",\n \"text\": \"advantages of trade secrets are that a trade secret is not limited in time (it \\\"continues indefinitely as long as the secret is not revealed to the public\\\", whereas a patent is only in force for a specified time, after which others may freely copy the invention), a trade secret does not imply any registration costs, has an immediate effect, does not require compliance with any formalities, and does not imply any disclosure of the invention to the public. The disadvantages of trade secrets include that \\\"others may be able to legally discover the secret and be thereafter entitled to\",\n \"title\": \"Trade secret\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5983084\",\n \"text\": \"common trade mark applying in their countries, abolishing their national trade marks. Certain aspects of law do vary on a country by country basis within the EU, such as the protection for unregistered trade marks within the United Kingdom under the common law tort of \\\"passing off\\\", and the inclusion of provisions relating to Honest Concurrent Use into UK national trade mark law (which have their basis in the 1938 UK legislation rather than the Directive which led to the drafting of the UK Trade Marks Act 1994). Internal market legislation also largely applies to the non-EU countries in the\",\n \"title\": \"Trade mark law of the European Union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16986903\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Ministerial Trade Envoy A Prime Ministerial Trade Envoy is a position in British foreign policy, within the Department for International Trade since 2016, and formerly with the UK Trade & Investment government department from 2003 to 2016. Trade Envoys are appointed by the Prime Minister in order to promote British business and trade interests abroad. The Special Representative for International Trade and Investment is a currently dormant position previously held by a member of the British Royal Family, who had the responsibility of representing the Sovereign for trade purposes. Following the 2012 Cabinet reshuffle, Ken Clarke was made a\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Ministerial Trade Envoy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13934972\",\n \"text\": \"perceived misrepresentations of direct trade through increased transparency Counter Culture Coffee and Taza Chocolate pioneered annual Transparency Reports for the specialty coffee and craft chocolate industries, respectively, and each have their direct trade practices audited annually by an independent third-party. Whether these and other efforts to ensure the integrity of direct trade will succeed is the subject of ongoing debate. A company in the UK that implements Direct Trade coffee under their banner of Farm Direct is Ethical Addictions. Direct trade Direct trade is a form of sourcing practiced by certain coffee roasters and chocolate makers who build direct relationships\",\n \"title\": \"Direct trade\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18866898\",\n \"text\": \"Russian Federation. The main goals of the Trade Delegation include representation and ensuring of foreign economic interests of the Russian Federation in the UK, effective implementation of foreign economic policy of the Russian Federation, development of economic ties and trade between Russia and the UK, attraction of investments into the Russian economy, promotion of Russian goods and services in the UK and general assistance to Russian companies in the United Kingdom. The Trade Delegation also provides assistance to British companies interested in the Russian market, in particular via searching for trade and project partners in Russia and providing information about\",\n \"title\": \"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4086879\",\n \"text\": \"Who's Who (UK) Who's Who is a source of biographical data on more than 33,000 influential people from around the world. Published annually since 1849, and as of 2015 in its 168th edition, it lists people who influence British life, according to its editors. Entries include judges, civil servants, politicians and notable figures from academia, sport and the arts. Each entry in \\\"Who's Who\\\" is authored by the subject who is invited by the editors to fill in a questionnaire. Entries typically include full names, dates of birth, career details, club memberships, education, professional qualifications, publications, recreations and contact details.\",\n \"title\": \"Who's Who (UK)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6563472\",\n \"text\": \"Daisy Does America Daisy Does America is a hybrid reality/comedy series that premiered on TBS on 6 December 2005. The show, similar to British actress and comedian Daisy Donovan's previous outing for British television \\\"Daisy, Daisy\\\", was adapted for US audiences by actors Courteney Cox Arquette and David Arquette for their Coquette Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Television. In this unscripted program, Donovan attempts to follow the \\\"American Dream\\\" by blending in with ordinary people while at the same time poking fun at the individuals she is working with. \\\"Daisy Does America\\\" aired on LIVING2 in the UK, TV2\",\n \"title\": \"Daisy Does America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19902198\",\n \"text\": \"and a \\\"Kirkus Reviews\\\" starred review wrote \\\"Almond’s wonderstruck philosophical bent, earthy humor, lovely use of language and colorful characters keep readers swimming along, as does the personable narrator who playfully demands an examination of the storytelling process as it happens. Jeffers’ spare, cartoonish pencil sketches perfectly suit the salty, magical tale.\\\" \\\"The Boy Who Swam With Piranhas\\\" has also been reviewed by \\\"Booklist\\\", \\\"Library Media Connection\\\" magazine, \\\"The Horn Book Magazine\\\", The \\\"School Library Journal\\\", \\\"Reading Time\\\", \\\"School Librarian\\\", and \\\"The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books\\\", It was on the 2013 Blue Peter Book Award shortlist for\",\n \"title\": \"The Boy Who Swam With Piranhas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14363658\",\n \"text\": \"65 from all over the United States as they chart a path to create their individual type of art while balancing the demands of motherhood and societal expectations. By following the lives of these five artists, the film explores the intersections of motherhood and creativity, partnering and independence, economics and art, parenting and work. \\\"Who Does She Think She Is?\\\" looks at “the under-representation of mothers in the arts and other creative fields.” In an interview with \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\", Boll says that a main theme connecting the women was the “idea of giving yourself permission to do that\",\n \"title\": \"Who Does She Think She Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8529255\",\n \"text\": \"continued to do one-off specials around the UK and the world On 25 October 2015, Trade's 25th Birthday, Trade held its final party at Egg club in London billed as 'The Final'. Nicole Moudaber and Nina Kraviz where among some of the headliners that played the final party. The event brought together thirty five former resident and guest DJ's who had played at Trade during its 25-year existence. Trade (nightclub) Trade was an influential gay London nightclub started in 1990 by Laurence Malice. Trade was unlike any other club at the time as it opened from 3am until 1pm on\",\n \"title\": \"Trade (nightclub)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12084795\",\n \"text\": \"and became a commercial success, charting within the top 10 on the majority charts it entered and entering the charts in over 20 different territories worldwide. The single was certified Gold in the United Kingdom and sold over 1 million copies worldwide. Dixon stated that despite the title \\\"The Boy Does Nothing\\\", the song is \\\"not a male-bashing kind of record,\\\" explaining that \\\"the lyrical content is just cheeky more than anything\\\". Dixon had worked with Brian Higgins, of Xenomania, on her previous single, \\\"Knockdown\\\", but it failed to enter the top 40 on the UK Singles Chart, resulting in\",\n \"title\": \"The Boy Does Nothing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12596184\",\n \"text\": \"draft picks are not admissible as trading assets (with one exception). In Major League Soccer, besides current MLS players and draft picks, clubs may also trade MLS rights to non-MLS players, allocation money, allocation rankings, and international player slots. Typically, trades are completed between two clubs, but there are instances where trades are consummated among three or more clubs. Conversely, a sports transaction involving a player who becomes a free agent and joins another club/team does not qualify as a trade as the player was not contractually bound to the previous team at the time of acquisition. A no-trade clause\",\n \"title\": \"Trade (sports)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"597651\",\n \"text\": \"products. However, making cotton and textiles fair trade does not always benefit laborers. Burkina Faso and Mali export the largest amount of cotton in Africa. Although many cotton plantations in these countries attained fair trade certification in the 1990s, participation in fair trade further ingrains existing power relations and inequalities that cause poverty in Africa rather than challenging them. Fair trade does not do much for farmers when it does not challenge the system that marginalizes producers. Despite not empowering farmers, the change to fair trade cotton has positive effects including female participation in cultivation. Textiles and garments are intricate\",\n \"title\": \"Fair trade\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4272249\",\n \"text\": \"to rise back up the charts. When Travis later performed the song at the 1999 Glastonbury Festival, after being dry for several hours, it began to rain as soon as the first line was sung. The following day, the story was all over the papers and television, and with increased word of mouth and radio play of \\\"Why Does It Always Rain on Me?\\\" and the album's other singles, \\\"The Man Who\\\" rose to number one on the UK Albums Chart, going on to become the year's third best-selling album in the country. By the end of the year, the\",\n \"title\": \"The Man Who\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4272248\",\n \"text\": \"other hand, felt that even without much musical innovation or a defining statement, the album showcases the band as \\\"ordinary chaps making extraordinarily pretty music\\\" and \\\"good songwriters not trying too hard\\\". While \\\"The Man Who\\\" initially looked as though it would mirror the success of \\\"Good Feeling\\\", entering the UK Albums Chart at number five, it quickly slipped down the charts with little radio play of its singles, in addition to its mixed critical reception. However, the success of the album's third single \\\"Why Does It Always Rain on Me?\\\" increased awareness of the band and the album began\",\n \"title\": \"The Man Who\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"409138\",\n \"text\": \"that reasonable efforts have been made to keep the information confidential, the information remains a trade secret and generally remains legally protected. Conversely, trade secret owners who cannot evidence reasonable efforts at protecting confidential information risk losing the trade secret, even if the information is obtained by competitors illegally. It is for this reason that trade secret owners shred documents and do not simply recycle them. A successful plaintiff is entitled to various forms of judicial relief, including: Hong Kong does not follow the traditional commonwealth approach, instead recognizing trade secrets where a judgment of the High Court indicates that\",\n \"title\": \"Trade secret\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10338409\",\n \"text\": \"He who does not work, neither shall he eat He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution. The aphorism is found in the Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle (with Silvanus and Timothy) to the Thessalonians, in which Paul writes: that is, The Greek phrase means \\\"is not willing to work\\\". Other English translations render this as \\\"would\\\" or \\\"will not work\\\", which may confuse readers unaccustomed to this use of the verb \\\"will\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"He who does not work, neither shall he eat\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18999713\",\n \"text\": \"organisations which represented the views of contractors on the Strategic Forum for Construction, along with the Construction Alliance. UKCG also worked closely with the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) Construction Council. The National Specialist Contractors' Council comprised 32 specialist trade associations representing companies involved in planning, design, construction, refurbishment and maintenance of the built environment. The NSCC represented these specialist trade organisations on the Strategic Forum for Construction, alongside the Specialist Engineering Contractors Group. It was a member of the Joint Contracts Tribunal. Build UK has four categories of membership: Alliance, Clients, Contractors and Trade Associations. Build UK Build UK\",\n \"title\": \"Build UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20179048\",\n \"text\": \"threshold. As we can see from the landslide result, even if all 12,000 had voted \\\"No\\\", \\\"Yes would still have had a significant majority. So, if at least 12k of those who didn't vote would have voted \\\"No\\\", they have successfully achieved their aim of preventing the union calling a strike by not voting whereas casting a \\\"No\\\" vote would have allowed \\\"Yes\\\" to act. Trade Union Act 2016 The Trade Union Act 2016 (c 15) is a UK labour law passed by the David Cameron administration of the UK Conservative Party. It amended the Trade Union and Labour Relations\",\n \"title\": \"Trade Union Act 2016\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9929891\",\n \"text\": \"Criticism of the World Trade Organization The stated aim of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is to \\\"ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible\\\". However, it is important to note that the WTO does not claim to be a \\\"free market\\\" organization. According to the WTO, it is \\\"sometimes described as a 'free trade' institution, but that is not entirely accurate. The system does allow tariffs and, in limited circumstances, other forms of protection. More accurately, it is a system of rules dedicated to open, fair and undistorted economic competition.\\\" This compatibility to a certain degree\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of the World Trade Organization\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2849325\",\n \"text\": \"Trade Justice Movement in the UK was the first formal coalition of groups to use the term \\\"trade justice\\\" (partly because in the UK, \\\"fair trade\\\" usually refers to Fairtrade certification and is a consumer model of change rather than an overtly political movement calling for government action). The term trade justice has been widely adopted internationally by campaign groups, for example by the over 100 national platforms of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty where it is one of the four main demands. In many countries \\\"fair trade\\\" is used as well as or instead of \\\"trade justice\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Trade justice\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19626641\",\n \"text\": \"for and then negotiating free trade agreements and market access deals with non-EU countries. The new department is a specialised body with significant new trade negotiating capacity. It took on the responsibilities of UK Trade and Investment, which was previously operated by both the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Department for Business Innovation and Skills, it also took on the latter's other relevant trade functions; as well as responsibility for UK Export Finance. It is overseen by the Secretary of State for International Trade, currently Liam Fox. As of February 2017, the department employs about 200 trade negotiators. The\",\n \"title\": \"Department for International Trade\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19300561\",\n \"text\": \"business-to-business meetings, often with senior political and commercial decision makers. UKABC works in partnership with the Department for International Trade (formerly UK Trade & Investment). The UK-ASEAN Business Council is a sister organisation to the UK India Business Council and the China–Britain Business Council. UKABC was created out of UK Trade & Investment's strategy \\\"Britain Open for Business\\\", was launched by Dr Vince Cable in November 2011. In 2015, The UK-ASEAN Business council moved from within the Department for Business, Innovation & Skills into Millbank Tower, and became a private company. As of January 2016, The UK-ASEAN Business Council had\",\n \"title\": \"UK-ASEAN Business Council\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4572801\",\n \"text\": \"band being shown in a floating living room, performing the song. The video ends with the living room floating away. It does not actually rain at any point during the video. Why Does It Always Rain on Me? \\\"Why Does It Always Rain on Me?\\\" is a song by Scottish band Travis, released as the third single from their second studio album, \\\"The Man Who\\\". The song became the group's international breakthrough single, receiving recognition around the world. It was their first Top 10 hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 10. The song also peaked at number\",\n \"title\": \"Why Does It Always Rain on Me?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10297962\",\n \"text\": \"chart position. At the time, Moby felt that the single's success in Germany was \\\"as far as any success for \\\"Play\\\" was gonna go.\\\" On October 16, 2000, \\\"Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?\\\" was re-released as a double A-side single with a remix of \\\"Honey\\\" featuring American R&B singer Kelis, reaching number 17 on the UK Singles Chart. The music video for \\\"Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?\\\" was directed by Filipe Alçada, Hotessa Laurence, and Susi Wilkinson. It is completely animated and features the character Little Idiot, who is also featured on the \\\"Why Does My\",\n \"title\": \"Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18627414\",\n \"text\": \"negotiations were re-launched in May 2010 at the EU-LAC Summit of Madrid and are ongoing. The objective is to negotiate a comprehensive trade agreement, covering not only trade in industrial and agricultural goods but also services, improvement of rules on government procurement, intellectual property, customs and trade facilitation, technical barriers to trade. EU is Mercosur first trading partner accounting for 19.8% of Mercosur's total trade with the World and worth €109.895 billion in 2013. Argentina has been recording trade surpluses since 2001, mostly due to exports of agricultural products. Main exports are: cereals, fats and oils, beef and related products\",\n \"title\": \"Argentina foreign trade relations with the European Union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7559698\",\n \"text\": \"Rough Trade (shops) Rough Trade is a group of independent record shops in the UK and the US with headquarters in London, UK. The first Rough Trade shop was opened in 1976 by Geoff Travis in the Ladbroke Grove district of west London. In 1978, the shop spawned Rough Trade Records, which became the label of bands from The Smiths to The Libertines. In 1982, the two separated and the shop remains an independent entity from the label, although links between the two are strong. At the same time, the shop moved from its original location on Kensington Park Road\",\n \"title\": \"Rough Trade (shops)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18866901\",\n \"text\": \"and meetings of Russian officials and businessmen with their British counterparts aimed at development of international cooperation, facilitating experience and knowledge sharing, establishment of business contacts and finding new partners. The Trade Delegation renders assistance to Russian companies in organising exhibitions in the UK, establishing contacts and communicating with exhibition organisers, preparation of joint expositions at various trade shows to optimise their costs. It also organises road shows of Russian regions in the UK in order to promote their investment attractiveness and economic potential. In particular, a permanent exposition of export potential of Russian regions has been established at the\",\n \"title\": \"The Trade Delegation of the Russian Federation in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14218895\",\n \"text\": \"IPEX (trade show) The International Printing Machinery and Allied Trades Exhibition (IPEX) is the longest running printing and graphic arts trade show in the English-speaking world. The trade show used to be every four years but changed its cycle in line with Drupa and will now take place every three years. IPEX remains an international event, serving both the UK and the international print industry. IPEX 2017 took place at the NEC, Birmingham, UK, on 31 October - 3 November 2017. Organisers, in discussion with visitors and exhibitors, will decide upon the future frequency of the exhibition, with the next\",\n \"title\": \"IPEX (trade show)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20935818\",\n \"text\": \"over one billion people and two trillion USD. Intra-continental trade has struggling in the past with only 10.2% of trade in the continent being done in Africa in 2010. The Chairperson of the African Union and President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, writes, \\\"Increasing intra-African trade does not mean doing less business with the rest of the world.On the contrary, as we trade more among ourselves, African firms will become bigger, more specialized, and more competitive internationally.From now on, the clear wish of everyone is that consultation between business and political leadership, at all levels, becomes a continuous feature of continental\",\n \"title\": \"Trade in the East African Community\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8529250\",\n \"text\": \"second room named the 'Trade lite lounge' playing a lighter funkier style of house music which quickly gained a big following. In 2000 Trade hosted one of the two main stages (the other BBC Radio 1) for the first UK Love Parade festival held at Roundhay Park, Leeds the event was attended by 500,000 people. The original Trade resident DJs were, Martin Confusion, Daz Saund, Trevor Rockliffe, Smokin Jo and Malcolm Duffy, These were followed most notably by the late Tony De Vit, but also Tall Paul, Alan Thompson, Steve Thomas, Pete Wardman, Ian M and Fergie Other DJs who\",\n \"title\": \"Trade (nightclub)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13741452\",\n \"text\": \"and finds the two lying dead. The murder weapon is tracked to Bjurman who is also deceased. Salander is the prime suspect, as her fingerprints happen to be on the gun. Salander tells Blomkvist that she did not kill anyone and that he needs to find the mysterious \\\"Zala.\\\" Blomkvist is contacted by Salander's boxing trainer and friend, Paolo Roberto. While he is unaware of Salander's whereabouts, Paolo does know Miriam, who also trained with them, and promises to pay her a visit. Near her apartment, Paolo witnesses Miriam being kidnapped by strongman Ronald Niedermann. Paolo follows his car to\",\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Played with Fire (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3932569\",\n \"text\": \"Trade unions in Malaysia Trade unions in Malaysia are regulated by the Trades Unions Act 1959 While the Malaysian constitution guarantees the rights of all Malaysians to form and join a trade union, there are several restrictions imposed by the laws relating to trade unions, i.e. the Trade Unions Act 1959 (TUA) and the Industrial Relations Act 1967 (IRA) The restrictive Trade Unions Act does not allow general unions for workers. Membership of any trade union is confined to only those who are employees of a particular industry, establishment, trade and occupation. Example a bank employee could only be a\",\n \"title\": \"Trade unions in Malaysia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12084798\",\n \"text\": \"relationships and their lazy attitudes. The chorus states her frustration with men not completing everyday housekeeping tasks; \\\"Does he wash up? Never wash up/Does he clean up? No he never cleans up/Does he brush up? He never brushed up\\\". In the final verse the lyrics state, \\\"And if the man can't dance/He gets no second chance\\\"; a reference to her refusal to date men if they cannot dance. In an interview Dixon explained in further detail about the lyric, saying \\\"I have to be honest, I do like a man who can dance, but it's not a deal-breaker. It's nice\",\n \"title\": \"The Boy Does Nothing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14363660\",\n \"text\": \"extraordinary singer. Mother of two daughters. Camille Musser, a gifted painter and mother of two, Musser founded the Youlou Arts Foundation. Mayumi Oda, a print maker, activist and mother of two, was born in Japan. Oda’s art focuses primarily on goddess imagery. Janis Wunderlich, a sculptor, mother of five, and full time working artist. Wunderlich creates fairytale-esque creatures out of clay. One critic has stated, \\\"It’s not every documentary that compels me to stay up writing most of the night and that weighs heavily on my mind for days. But, then again, \\\"Who Does She Think She Is?\\\" is not\",\n \"title\": \"Who Does She Think She Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8422896\",\n \"text\": \"his arm, but she thinks he is only joking when he tells her this. When he decides to break up with her, he wears six sweaters on top of each other to cushion the punches, but Rachel saves him the trouble of transforming into a punchbag when, after Katie playfully punches her a few times and accidentally hurts her also, she retaliates by angrily kicking Katie's ankle, hurting Katie, who is furious and demands that Joey stick up for her. He refuses, however, hoping that she will consequently break up with him – which she does, much to his delight.\",\n \"title\": \"The One with the Girl Who Hits Joey\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14218896\",\n \"text\": \"edition planned for 2019. IPEX (trade show) The International Printing Machinery and Allied Trades Exhibition (IPEX) is the longest running printing and graphic arts trade show in the English-speaking world. The trade show used to be every four years but changed its cycle in line with Drupa and will now take place every three years. IPEX remains an international event, serving both the UK and the international print industry. IPEX 2017 took place at the NEC, Birmingham, UK, on 31 October - 3 November 2017. Organisers, in discussion with visitors and exhibitors, will decide upon the future frequency of the\",\n \"title\": \"IPEX (trade show)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11771698\",\n \"text\": \"addition, fishermen in Lofoten and Vesterålen were allowed to trade directly. During the Gunboat War in the early 19th century, the United Kingdom introduced a trade embargo against Denmark-Norway. In this period, the pomor trade proved vital for North Norway. A decree legalising direct trade between fishermen and pomors during the war came in 1809, because of the looming famine. Several Russian vessels were seized by the UK, and thus many vessels did not sail any further than East Finnmark. Then in 1809, during the Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812), the UK placed a blockade along Norway's coast in the years, amongst\",\n \"title\": \"Pomor trade\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"597575\",\n \"text\": \"a licensing agency for the Fairtrade International label, broke from the system and is implementing its own fair trade labelling scheme, which has resulted in controversy due to its inclusion of independent smallholders and estates for all crops. In 2008, Fairtrade International certified approximately (€3.4B) of products. The World Trade Organization publishes annual figures on the world trade of goods and services. The fair trade movement is popular in the UK, where there are 500 Fairtrade towns, 118 universities, over 6,000 churches, and over 4,000 UK schools registered in the Fairtrade Schools Scheme. In 2011, over 1.2 million farmers and\",\n \"title\": \"Fair trade\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15030218\",\n \"text\": \"UK India Business Council The UK India Business Council (UKIBC) is a membership-based, non-profit organisation founded in 2007 to foster trade and business relations between the United Kingdom and India. The organisation works with businesses in both countries, as well as the UK and Indian governments, to promote and increase bilateral trade. The UK India Business Council supports UK businesses with the insights, networks, policy advocacy, services, and facilities needed to succeed in India. They help UK companies achieve success whether they are well-established in India or in the early stages of their engagement. Working with the UK Government and\",\n \"title\": \"UK India Business Council\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17536342\",\n \"text\": \"Kiss Does... Rave Kiss Does... Rave is a compilation album released by the Kiss Network on 30 April 2007. It was released on both a two-CD album and on a 1GB USB flash drive – it was the first album in the UK to be released in USB format, and was sold exclusively through HMV stores and on Kiss and HMV's websites. Steve Parkinson, Kiss's managing director, described releasing the album on USB as \\\"another example of Kiss being ahead of the game, knowing its audience and engaging with them in ways that will inspire and entertain\\\". The first disc\",\n \"title\": \"Kiss Does... Rave\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6313297\",\n \"text\": \"Campaign Against Arms Trade Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) is a UK-based campaigning organisation working towards the abolition of the international arms trade. It was founded in 1974 by a coalition of peace groups. It has been involved in several campaigns, particularly its legal challenge against the Serious Fraud Office's decision to suspend a corruption investigation into BAE Systems in 2007. On 27 September 2012, it was honoured with a Right Livelihood Award for its \\\"innovative and effective campaigning\\\". Campaigns are founded on research into the arms trade and arms companies, and their relationship with the UK government and military,\",\n \"title\": \"Campaign Against Arms Trade\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18882383\",\n \"text\": \"the Asset Based Finance Association, following a review into financial trade bodies. The resulting organisation, UK Finance, began operating in July 2017. Payments UK is governed by a board of directors representing a cross section of Payments UK's membership, including payment institutions, banks, technology firms and retailers. The independent chairman of its Board is Gerard Lemos CMG, and its chief executive is Maurice Cleaves. Lemos and Cleaves previously held the same positions in the Payments Council. Payments UK Payments UK was a trade association for financial institutions, technology firms and payment processing companies in the United Kingdom. It merged with\",\n \"title\": \"Payments UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4061263\",\n \"text\": \"Parts A and B, each of which had different registration criteria) and 1938, the last of which remained in force until it was superseded in 1994. The current UK Trade Mark legislation is the Trade Marks Act 1994, which implements the European Trade Marks Directive into national law. The UK Intellectual Property Office radically altered the way UK national trade mark applications were examined in October 2007. Previously, UK national trade mark applications underwent a full examination both on absolute (distinctiveness) and relative (prior rights) grounds. In October 2007, the search which formed a part of the examination of applications\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom trade mark law\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15474830\",\n \"text\": \"Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Slater Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Slater [2007] IRLR 928 (EAT) is a UK labour law case, concerning the effects of a business transfer on an employee's rights at work. If the company goes into voluntary liquidation, and the business is sold before the final disposal of assets, then TUPER 2006 regulation 8 does not apply. An insolvent company was going into voluntary liquidation, with the help of Deloitte accountants, on 25 July 2006. The employees were made redundant on 26 July 2006. On 27 July 2006 the business\",\n \"title\": \"Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Slater\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17536343\",\n \"text\": \"of the CD version of the album comprised 19 rave tracks from the 1990s; the second disc contained 18 new rave songs from the 2000s. The USB version held 26 tracks in 256kpbs WMA format. \\\"NME\\\" described \\\"Kiss Does... Rave\\\" as being \\\"the first album to draw the line between original and nu rave\\\". Kiss Does... Rave Kiss Does... Rave is a compilation album released by the Kiss Network on 30 April 2007. It was released on both a two-CD album and on a 1GB USB flash drive – it was the first album in the UK to be released\",\n \"title\": \"Kiss Does... Rave\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16497179\",\n \"text\": \"Court of Australia preferred to follow \\\"Reid\\\" instead, as has the British Columbia Court of Appeal. It should be borne in mind, however, that \\\"Sinclair\\\" ([insofar] as it relied on or followed \\\"Heiron\\\" and \\\"Lister\\\") was (partially) overruled in July 2014 by the United Kingdom Supreme Court, in \\\"FHR European Ventures LLP v Cedar Capital Partners LLC\\\". Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd Between 1995 and 1999 various investors, including Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd, paid money to Trading Partners Ltd to carry out trades in goods. Mr Cushnie was the director, transferred the money to another company\",\n \"title\": \"Sinclair Investments (UK) Ltd v Versailles Trade Finance Ltd\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20669570\",\n \"text\": \"including Mr Men Little Miss, which supports the charity's London Marathon entrants. In 2005, actor Linda Robson joined the charity's Board of Trustees. In November 2018, Eddie O’Gorman was presented with the Pride of Britain 'Lifetime Achievement' award. Children with Cancer UK Children With Cancer UK is a UK-based charity dedicated to raising money for research and providing care for children with cancer and their families. The aims of their research projects are to understand what causes children to get cancer and to develop improved treatments. Children With Cancer UK was established in 1987 by Eddie and Marion O’Gorman and\",\n \"title\": \"Children with Cancer UK\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12646276\",\n \"text\": \"Trade Union Act 1871 Trade Union Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict c 31) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which legalised trade unions for the first time in the United Kingdom. This was one of the founding pieces of legislation in UK labour law, though it has today been superseded by the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992. The Conservative Prime Minister, the Earl of Derby, set up a Royal Commission on Trade Unions in 1867. One worker representative was on the commission, Frederic Harrison, who prepared union witnesses. Robert Applegarth from the\",\n \"title\": \"Trade Union Act 1871\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5045837\",\n \"text\": \"remaining members of Duran Duran - Nick Rhodes, John Taylor and Simon Le Bon. Two further mixes of \\\"Skin Trade\\\" (S.O.S. Dub & Parisian Mix) were completed, but not released commercially during the \\\"Skin Trade\\\" release cycle. They appeared on a US 12\\\" promo and on a UK 12\\\" promo, backed with remixes of the next single \\\"Meet El Presidente\\\". The \\\"\\\"Parisian Mix\\\"\\\" was also released on the promo-only \\\"Master Mixes\\\" EP. The \\\"\\\"Parisian Mix\\\"\\\" was finally released commercially in the UK and in the U.S. on the \\\"All She Wants Is\\\" (1988) 3\\\" CD single. \\\"Skin Trade\\\" was the\",\n \"title\": \"Skin Trade (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4061265\",\n \"text\": \"been sent to the applicant to assist them in making an opposition. A fast-track application process has also been available to applicants since 7 April 2008. Aspects of UK common law also relate to trade marks, most notably the common law tort of passing off. United Kingdom trade mark law United Kingdom trade mark law provides protection for the use of trade marks in the UK. A trade mark is a way for one party to distinguish themselves from another. In the business world, a trade mark provides a product or organisation with an identity which cannot be imitated by\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom trade mark law\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20609436\",\n \"text\": \"islands and not mainland Europe. In March 2010, members of the ELSPA voted to rename the association as UKIE, reflecting \\\"the evolving and expanding nature of the industry, which the association exists to represent, and to encompass the new areas of activity that will be undertaken\\\". The name was fully changed by September 2010. In 2011, UKIE proposed a merger with The Independent Game Developers' Association (TIGA), a UK trade association for video game developers, to consolidate the two organisations under one trade body to represent the entire UK games industry. However TIGA's board rejected the proposal. TIGA's stance remained\",\n \"title\": \"The Association for UK Interactive Entertainment\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16410612\",\n \"text\": \"that symbolize the abuse of capitalism. In 1946 the organization Ten Thousand Villages was created, and was the first official organization to support the idea of fair trade, and equal distribution of trade benefits. The first formal World Fair Trade shops can also be traced back to America, where in 1958 outlets for needlework and small jewelry from Puerto Rico were sold at shop fronts. The movement also saw growth in Europe, headed by Oxfam UK who sold craft good made by Chinese refugees in Oxfam shop front. Oxfam UK protested against the inequality existent within global capitalism, and established\",\n \"title\": \"Cooperation for Fair Trade in Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20179043\",\n \"text\": \"Trade Union Act 2016 The Trade Union Act 2016 (c 15) is a UK labour law passed by the David Cameron administration of the UK Conservative Party. It amended the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 in order to make freedom of association and collective action harder. It was fiercely opposed by all UK trade unions . Section 2 introduced a new requirement of 50% of union members to vote in a ballot for strike action, under TULRCA 1992 section 226(2). Section 3, inserting a new section 226(2A)-(2F) requires that in health, school education, fire, transport, nuclear decommissioning\",\n \"title\": \"Trade Union Act 2016\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16241975\",\n \"text\": \"UK bookselling calendar. As well as speeches by key industry figures, it also sees the presentation of the \\\"Nibbies\\\", awards for trade bookselling and booksellers. Booksellers Association of the UK and Ireland The Booksellers Association of the UK and Ireland (BA) is a trade body founded to promote retail bookselling in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It operates the National Book Token scheme in the UK and sponsors the Whitbread Award The BA represents 95% of British retail booksellers. The BA operates the Batch payments system, an electronic purchasing interface for independent bookshops. The BA has made calls for increased\",\n \"title\": \"Booksellers Association of the UK and Ireland\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["canada","angola","anguilla","united states of america","sierra leone"],"string":"[\n \"canada\",\n \"angola\",\n \"anguilla\",\n \"united states of america\",\n \"sierra leone\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1798,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what color are the baltimore ravens?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"44532","text":"2018, the Ravens debuted a new combination in a road game against the Cincinnati Bengals, wearing white jerseys with purple pants. The purple pants are similar to the ones used for Color Rush except that it has side stripes of black and white; the Color Rush purple pants have gold and white stripes. Then on October 21 against the New Orleans Saints, the Ravens paired their new purple pants with their regular purple uniforms. The team marching band is called Baltimore's Marching Ravens. They began as the Colts' marching band and have operated continuously from September 7, 1947 to the","title":"Baltimore Ravens"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44532\",\n \"text\": \"2018, the Ravens debuted a new combination in a road game against the Cincinnati Bengals, wearing white jerseys with purple pants. The purple pants are similar to the ones used for Color Rush except that it has side stripes of black and white; the Color Rush purple pants have gold and white stripes. Then on October 21 against the New Orleans Saints, the Ravens paired their new purple pants with their regular purple uniforms. The team marching band is called Baltimore's Marching Ravens. They began as the Colts' marching band and have operated continuously from September 7, 1947 to the\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"44461","text":"Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The team plays its home games at M&T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills. The Ravens were established in 1996, when Art Modell, who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns, announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland to Baltimore. As part of a settlement between the league and the city of Cleveland, Modell was required to leave the Browns'","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44539","text":"Football\" and simulcasts of games on cable) or WBFF-TV (also \"Thursday Night Football\"). Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The team plays its home games at M&T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills. The Ravens were established in 1996, when Art Modell, who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns, announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland to Baltimore. As part of a settlement between the","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"16433246","text":"The group also makes various appearances throughout the Baltimore and surrounding areas where they raffle off tickets to an M&T Bank Stadium exclusive area known as The Flite Deck. The squad is present at all home games. The squad currently has 18 female members. The squad also trains at the Maryland Twisters, an All Star Cheerleading gym in Hanover, Maryland, on Tuesday and Thursday nights. Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders The Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders are a cheerleading and dance squad for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. Unlike other NFL Cheerleading squads, the Ravens squad is a co-ed squad, with","title":"Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders"},{"psg_id":"16433244","text":"Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders The Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders are a cheerleading and dance squad for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. Unlike other NFL Cheerleading squads, the Ravens squad is a co-ed squad, with the female cheerleaders doing various dance moves, and the males working on stunts, as in traditional cheerleading. The group was founded in 1998, and currently consists of 48 members (20 stunt team performers and 28 dancers). The squad performs at the Ravens home stadium M&T Bank Stadium. The squad's director is Tina Galdieri, who cheered at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, as well as","title":"Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders"},{"psg_id":"44487","text":"touchdown at Heinz Field, allowing the Ravens to clinch the AFC North. The Ravens ended the regular season with a franchise-best 13–3 record. Baltimore had secured the AFC North title, the No. 2 AFC playoff seed, and clinched a 1st-round bye by season's end. The Ravens were slated to face the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the playoffs, in the first meeting of the two teams in the playoffs. Many Baltimore and Indianapolis fans saw this historic meeting as a sort of \"Judgment Day\" with the new team of Baltimore facing the old team of Baltimore (the former","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44537","text":"records as of February 9, 2017 per Pro-Football Reference.com\" The Ravens' flagship radio stations are Hearst-owned WIYY (98 Rock) and WBAL 1090 AM, with Gerry Sandusky (WBAL-TV Sports Anchor since 1988) as the play-by-play announcer and analysts Dennis Pitta (Baltimore Ravens TE 2010–2016) and Jarret Johnson (Baltimore Ravens LB 2003–2011). The team's flagship station is WIYY/WBAL sister station WBAL-TV, which broadcasts pre-season games and team programming throughout the season. The programming is syndicated to WJLA-TV in Washington, WGAL in the Harrisburg–Lebanon–York–Lancaster, Pennsylvania market, and until 2017, was carried through the remainder of the team's region by CSN Mid-Atlantic. In January","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44535","text":"field of M&T Bank Stadium. The ring currently honors the following, including 8 former members of the Baltimore Colts. Bold Numbers are those whose numbers have not been issued or reissued after a player's time in Baltimore: <br> Key/Legend The Baltimore Ravens had their first draft in 1996, where they selected offensive lineman from UCLA and current NFL Hall of Famer, and 11-time Pro-Bowler Jonathan Ogden. Along with their pick in the next year's draft, this was the highest first-round draft pick that the Ravens have had. They also selected Ray Lewis with the 26th pick. In both 1996 and","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44512","text":"Football Team; although on January 6, 2013 the scoreboard at the playoff game between the Baltimore Ravens and Indianapolis Colts at M&T Bank Stadium listed the away team as \"Colts\". The Indianapolis Colts hold an all-time 9–4 advantage over the Baltimore Ravens, including a 2–1 advantage in the playoffs. The Ravens also have divisional rivalries with the Cleveland Browns and Cincinnati Bengals. The reactivated Cleveland Browns and their fans maintain a hatred of Baltimore's team due to its move from Cleveland. The rivalry with the Browns has been very one-sided; Baltimore holds an advantage of 27-9 against Cleveland. The rivalry","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44502","text":"them 30-9 in Week 3. However, the Ravens lost their next 3 games, losing to the Green Bay Packers and Pittsburgh Steelers in last-minute field goals and were shut out in an attempt to tie the game against the Cleveland Browns 18-24. After winning and losing their next game, the Baltimore Ravens came out 4-6, but managed winning their next four games in dominating the Jets 19-3 in Baltimore, a Steelers win 20-22 during Thanksgiving, a booming ending in Baltimore against the Vikings 29-26, and an 18-16 win at Detroit, including Justin Tucker's 61-yard game-winning field goal. The Ravens were","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44472","text":"for the Ravens first two seasons was Baltimore's Memorial Stadium, home field of the Baltimore Colts and Baltimore Stallions years before. The Ravens moved to their own new stadium, now known as M&T Bank Stadium, next to Camden Yards in 1998. In the 1996 NFL Draft, the Ravens, with two picks in the first round, drafted offensive tackle Jonathan Ogden at No. 4 overall and linebacker Ray Lewis at No. 26 overall. Both Ogden and Lewis went on to play for the Ravens for their entire professional careers and were both inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"16433245","text":"the World League of American Football's (later NFL Europe) Barcelona Dragons, and also led the University of Maryland's cheerleading squad to a national championship in 1999. The squad also has a \"Lil Ravens\" summer program, and unlike the other squads, boys also are permitted to join. The group makes various appearances at parties and corporate functions throughout the year. The female members of the squad also has a swimsuit calendar, with their 2012 calendar taking place in the Bahamas. The squad currently has 31 female members. The Baltimore Ravens also have a promotional squad known as, The Baltimore Ravens Playmakers.","title":"Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders"},{"psg_id":"15204937","text":"2011 Baltimore Ravens season The 2011 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's 16th in the National Football League and city of Baltimore, and the 14th to host home games at M&T Bank Stadium. 2011 marked one of the most successful seasons in Baltimore Ravens franchise history. The Ravens completed the season with a 12–4 record, matching their record from 2010, and winning the AFC North division title for the third time in franchise history. By earning a playoff berth in 2011, the Ravens set a franchise record by going to the postseason for four consecutive seasons. John Harbaugh coached his","title":"2011 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9864622","text":"eliminated from playoff contention after their Week 16 loss to their division rivals, the Steelers. This was the first time the Ravens missed the playoffs in consecutive seasons since 2004–2005, as well as the first in the Harbaugh/Flacco era. History of the Baltimore Ravens This article details the history of the Baltimore Ravens, a professional American football team which plays in the National Football League. Ahead of the 1995 league expansion, eleven years after the Colts' controversial move to Indianapolis, the city of Baltimore expected to be granted an NFL franchise and put together its most attractive financial package. However,","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864553","text":"offensive score; however, Baltimore immediately countered with a TD return by Jermaine Lewis. The Ravens became only the third wild-card team to win a Super Bowl championship. The interception return for a touchdown, followed by two kick return TDs, marked the quickest time in Super Bowl history that three touchdowns had been scored. The title made the Ravens the fourth Baltimore-based pro football team to win a league championship. They were preceded by the NFL Baltimore Colts in 1958, 1959 and 1970, the USFL Stars in 1985 and the CFL Stallions in 1995. In 2001, the Ravens attempted to defend","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"19820209","text":"2017 Baltimore Ravens season The 2017 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 22nd in the National Football League and their 10th under head coach John Harbaugh. This was also the 10th season with Joe Flacco as the team's starting quarterback. The Ravens improved on the previous season's 8–8 record, but failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season by a last second touchdown in a 31–27 loss to the Bengals in Week 17. Notes Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. NFL London Games After several weeks of dismal offensive plays, the Ravens traveled west to Oakland where","title":"2017 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9864600","text":"due to inefficiencies in lighting, on-field visibility, and electrical equipment. After power was restored, the 49ers regained composure and came storming back, scoring 17 unanswered points. The 49ers had a final chance to take the lead late in the game, but a goal-line stand by the Ravens with less than two minutes remaining sealed the contest as the Baltimore Ravens won Super Bowl XLVII 34–31. Super Bowl XLVII has also been dubbed the \"Harbaugh Bowl\" since the 49ers were coached by Jim Harbaugh, the brother of Ravens coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens returned to Baltimore to celebrate with their fans","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44523","text":"this preference but still wanted a letter \"B\" to appear somewhere in the design. The new Ravens logo, introduced in 1999, featured a raven's head in profile with the letter superimposed. The secondary logo is a shield that honors Baltimore's history of heraldry. Alternating Calvert and Crossland emblems (seen also in the flag of Maryland and the flag of Baltimore) are interlocked with stylized letters \"B\" and \"R\". The design of the Ravens uniform has remained essentially unchanged since the team's inaugural season in 1996. Art Modell admitted to ESPN's Roy Firestone that the Ravens' colors, introduced in early 1996,","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"8721397","text":"In the 2006 offseason, the Baltimore Ravens were in negotiations to try to obtain veteran quarterback Steve McNair from the Tennessee Titans. On Sunday, April 30, 2006, the Titans allowed McNair to speak with the Ravens and on May 1, 2006, the Baltimore Sun stated that the Baltimore Ravens had been waiting for McNair to be released by the Titans since it was the free agency period. The deal was completed in June 2006. McNair and the Ravens agreed to an $11 million signing bonus on May 5, 2006. On June 7, 2006, the Ravens and Titans agreed to trade","title":"2006 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11796552","text":"mark. During the season, the Ravens held second-half leads in ten of their final eleven games; they ultimately went 3–7 in games decided by one possession. 1996 Baltimore Ravens season The 1996 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's inaugural season in the National Football League (NFL). They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore remained without an NFL football franchise for 12 years after the Baltimore Colts relocated to Indianapolis, Indiana. In 1996, however, the NFL approved Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell's proposal to relocate the franchise to Baltimore, although the records and name of the","title":"1996 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"15204957","text":"Evans failed to make the game-winning touchdown on 2nd & 1 and Billy Cundiff missed a 32-yard field goal with 0:11 left in regulation, which would have sent the game into overtime. 2011 Baltimore Ravens season The 2011 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's 16th in the National Football League and city of Baltimore, and the 14th to host home games at M&T Bank Stadium. 2011 marked one of the most successful seasons in Baltimore Ravens franchise history. The Ravens completed the season with a 12–4 record, matching their record from 2010, and winning the AFC North division title for","title":"2011 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"44488","text":"Baltimore Colts having left Baltimore under questionable circumstances in 1984). Both Indianapolis and Baltimore were held to scoring only field goals as the two defenses slugged it out all over M&T Bank Stadium. McNair threw two costly interceptions, including one at the 1-yard line. The eventual Super Bowl champion Colts won 15–6, ending Baltimore's season. After a stellar 2006 season, the Ravens hoped to improve upon their 13–3 record but injuries and poor play plagued the team. The Ravens finished the 2007 season in the AFC North cellar with a disappointing 5–11 record. A humiliating 22–16 overtime loss to the","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864536","text":"History of the Baltimore Ravens This article details the history of the Baltimore Ravens, a professional American football team which plays in the National Football League. Ahead of the 1995 league expansion, eleven years after the Colts' controversial move to Indianapolis, the city of Baltimore expected to be granted an NFL franchise and put together its most attractive financial package. However, to make way for Jack Kent Cooke's ultimately unsuccessful plan to move the Washington Redskins to Laurel, Maryland, then-commissioner Paul Tagliabue convinced the league's team owners to pass over Baltimore. Franchises were instead granted to smaller TV markets in","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"17671219","text":"Key/Legend <br> Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor The Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor is a display encircling the field of M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, honoring former players and personnel who have made outstanding contributions to the Baltimore Ravens and Baltimore Colts football organizations. The Ring of Honor began in 2000, with the induction of Earnest Byner. In 2002, eight former Baltimore Colts players were added, followed by the induction of then-owner Art Modell a year later. Eight Ravens players have been inducted since, the most recent being Ed Reed in 2015. Bold numbers indicate jersey numbers not in","title":"Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor"},{"psg_id":"17671218","text":"Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor The Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor is a display encircling the field of M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, honoring former players and personnel who have made outstanding contributions to the Baltimore Ravens and Baltimore Colts football organizations. The Ring of Honor began in 2000, with the induction of Earnest Byner. In 2002, eight former Baltimore Colts players were added, followed by the induction of then-owner Art Modell a year later. Eight Ravens players have been inducted since, the most recent being Ed Reed in 2015. Bold numbers indicate jersey numbers not in circulation. <br>","title":"Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor"},{"psg_id":"19122687","text":"the division with the Steelers' loss to the Eagles. The Ravens stayed at home for a matchup against the Raiders who never won at Baltimore. Unfortunately the Ravens could not hold on to the lead after Derek Carr found Michael Crabtree in the end zone near the end of the game. Baltimore began driving down the field but the drive stalled allowing the Raiders to win at Baltimore for the first time in history dropping the Ravens 3–1. With the Steelers win, the Ravens dropped to second place in the AFC North After a dismal loss to the Redskins in","title":"2016 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9864568","text":"AFC North. The Ravens ended the regular season with a franchise-best 13–3 record. Still considered one of the better teams in the NFL, and a Super Bowl favorite by some the Ravens had secured the AFC North title, the #2 AFC playoff seed, and clinched a 1st-round bye. The Ravens were slated to face the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the playoffs, in the first meeting of the two teams in the playoffs. Many Baltimore and Indianapolis fans saw this historic meeting as a sort of \"Judgment Day\" with the new team of Baltimore facing the old team","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"17736721","text":"2014 Baltimore Ravens season The 2014 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 19th season in the National Football League and the seventh under head coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens improved upon their 8-8 record from 2013, when they missed the playoffs for the first time since 2007. Additionally, the Ravens scored a franchise record 409 points and quarterback Joe Flacco passed for a career-high 27 touchdowns and 3,986 yards. The Ravens clinched the sixth seed in the AFC playoffs following their Week 17 win against the Browns. After winning the AFC Wild Card Game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Ravens","title":"2014 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"18414177","text":"the win, the Ravens improved to 5–10, and they swept the Steelers for the first time since their 2011 season. The Ravens suffered their fifth straight loss to the Bengals, this time led by second year quarterback AJ McCarron, who threw two touchdowns while Ravens starter Ryan Mallett was intercepted twice. The loss dropped the Ravens to 5–11, their worst record since their 2007 season. This was the final game for cornerback Tray Walker, as he died on March 18, 2016. 2015 Baltimore Ravens season The 2015 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 20th season in the National Football League","title":"2015 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"19122692","text":"he immediately retired, ending his 16-year career. With the loss, the Ravens ended their season at 8-8. 2016 Baltimore Ravens season The 2016 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 21st season in the National Football League and the ninth under head coach John Harbaugh. With a week 12 win over the Cincinnati Bengals, the Ravens improved upon their 5–11 record from 2015, finishing the season 8–8. Despite the improvement, the Ravens failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive year after losing to the Steelers in Week 16. It was the first time the Ravens missed the playoffs in","title":"2016 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"8721431","text":"improved on its small lead with Vinatieri getting a 48-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, Baltimore would manage to get a 51-yard field goal, yet Vinatieri helped the Colts get the win with a 35-yard field goal. QB Steve McNair was 18 of 29 for 173 yards with no touchdowns and 2 interceptions. Overall, the Ravens lost four turnovers during the game. With the loss, Baltimore ended its season with an overall record of 13–4. 2006 Baltimore Ravens season The 2006 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 11th season in the National Football League, it would begin with the","title":"2006 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"44533","text":"present. They helped campaign for football to return to Baltimore after the Colts moved. Because they stayed in Baltimore after the Colts left, the band is nicknamed \"the band that would not die\" and were the subject of an episode of ESPN's \"30 for 30\". The Washington Redskins are the only other NFL team that currently has a marching band. Note: The following lists players who officially played for the Ravens. For other Hall of Famers, players whose numbers were retired, and players who played for the Baltimore Colts, see Indianapolis Colts. Bold number notes player inducted as a Raven.","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44474","text":"Ravens won the game 20–17. Quarterback Vinny Testaverde left for the New York Jets before the 1998 season, and was replaced by former Indianapolis Colt Jim Harbaugh, and later Eric Zeier. Cornerback Rod Woodson joined the team after a successful stint with the Pittsburgh Steelers, and Priest Holmes started getting the first playing time of his career and ran for 1,000 yards. The Ravens finished 1998 with a 6–10 record. On November 29, the Ravens welcomed the Colts back to Baltimore for the first time in 15 years. Amidst a shower of negative cheers towards the Colts, the Ravens, with","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44504","text":"Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Celebrity news website TMZ posted a video of Rice dragging Palmer's body out of an elevator after apparently knocking her out. For the incident, Rice was initially suspended for the first two games of the 2014 NFL season on July 25, 2014, which led to widespread criticism of the NFL. In Week 1, on September 7, the Baltimore Ravens lost to the Cincinnati Bengals, 23-16. The next day, on September 8, 2014, TMZ released additional footage from an elevator camera showing Rice punching Palmer. The Baltimore Ravens terminated Rice's contract as a result, and","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44534","text":"For Cleveland Browns players, including those in the Hall of Fame and those whose numbers were retired, see Cleveland Browns. The Ravens do not officially have retired numbers. However, the number 19 has not been issued out of respect for Baltimore Colts quarterback Johnny Unitas, except for quarterback Scott Mitchell in his lone season in Baltimore in 1999. In addition, numbers 75, 52, and 20, in honor of Jonathan Ogden, Ray Lewis, and Ed Reed respectively, have not been issued since those players' retirements from football. The Ravens have a \"Ring of Honor\" which is on permanent display encircling the","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"16977093","text":"assuring the NFL of a new Super Bowl Champion for the ninth straight year. The Ravens finished the season with a record of 8–8. This was also the last NFL game for running back Ray Rice as he was indefinitely suspended by the NFL and released by Ravens the following season. 2013 Baltimore Ravens season The 2013 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 18th season in the National Football League and the sixth under head coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens entered the season as the defending Super Bowl champions from the previous year, but failed to improve on their 10–6","title":"2013 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"20474802","text":"2018 Baltimore Ravens season The 2018 season is the Baltimore Ravens' 23rd season in the National Football League and their 11th under head coach John Harbaugh. On October 14, 2018, the Ravens set a franchise record, sacking Titans quarterback Marcus Mariota 11 times in a 21–0 Week 6 win against the Tennessee Titans. Draft trades On February 13, the NFL announced that the Ravens will play the Chicago Bears in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game on Thursday, August 2, at the Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium in Canton, Ohio. The remainder of the Ravens' preseason opponents and","title":"2018 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"20474803","text":"schedule were announced on April 11, 2018. The Ravens' 2018 schedule was announced on April 19. Notes 2018 Baltimore Ravens season The 2018 season is the Baltimore Ravens' 23rd season in the National Football League and their 11th under head coach John Harbaugh. On October 14, 2018, the Ravens set a franchise record, sacking Titans quarterback Marcus Mariota 11 times in a 21–0 Week 6 win against the Tennessee Titans. Draft trades On February 13, the NFL announced that the Ravens will play the Chicago Bears in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game on Thursday, August 2, at the","title":"2018 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11796549","text":"1996 Baltimore Ravens season The 1996 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's inaugural season in the National Football League (NFL). They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore remained without an NFL football franchise for 12 years after the Baltimore Colts relocated to Indianapolis, Indiana. In 1996, however, the NFL approved Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell's proposal to relocate the franchise to Baltimore, although the records and name of the Browns would remain in Cleveland, Ohio and the Baltimore franchise would officially be an expansion franchise. After Modell established the franchise in Baltimore, the team was","title":"1996 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"44481","text":"day of training camp and poor offensive performances stymied the team. After a 3–3 start, the Ravens defeated the Minnesota Vikings in the final week to clinch a wild card berth at 10–6. In the first round the Ravens showed flashes of their previous year with a 20–3 win over the Miami Dolphins, in which the team forced three turnovers and out-gained the Dolphins 347 yards to 151. In the divisional playoff the Ravens played the Pittsburgh Steelers. Three interceptions by Grbac ended the Ravens' season, as they lost 27–10. Baltimore ran into salary cap problems entering the 2002 season","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"19122684","text":"2016 Baltimore Ravens season The 2016 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 21st season in the National Football League and the ninth under head coach John Harbaugh. With a week 12 win over the Cincinnati Bengals, the Ravens improved upon their 5–11 record from 2015, finishing the season 8–8. Despite the improvement, the Ravens failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive year after losing to the Steelers in Week 16. It was the first time the Ravens missed the playoffs in consecutive seasons since 2004–2005, and their first consecutive non-winning seasons since 1996–1999. They did, however, improve their","title":"2016 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"8721396","text":"2006 Baltimore Ravens season The 2006 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 11th season in the National Football League, it would begin with the team trying to improve on their 6–10 record in 2005. The Ravens, for the first time in franchise history, started 4–0. The Ravens ended the regular season with a franchise record thirteen wins. The Ravens clinched the AFC North title and a 1st-round playoff bye. Their season ended with a tough loss to the 12–4 Indianapolis Colts in the divisional playoff game. The Colts would go on to defeat the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI.","title":"2006 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"17736723","text":"only AFC North team to defeat all of their NFC South opponents With the win, the Ravens finished the season 10-6. The team also improved to 13-1 against the Browns in the Flacco-Harbaugh era. 2014 Baltimore Ravens season The 2014 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 19th season in the National Football League and the seventh under head coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens improved upon their 8-8 record from 2013, when they missed the playoffs for the first time since 2007. Additionally, the Ravens scored a franchise record 409 points and quarterback Joe Flacco passed for a career-high 27 touchdowns","title":"2014 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"44501","text":"in the game, 34–29, the 49ers advanced to the Baltimore 7-yard line just before the two-minute warning but turned the ball over on downs. The Ravens then took an intentional safety in the waning moments of the game to preserve the victory. Baltimore quarterback Joe Flacco, who completed 22 of 33 passes for 287 yards and three touchdowns, was named Super Bowl MVP. Coming off as the defending Super Bowl champions, this was the first year in franchise history for the team without Ray Lewis. The Ravens started out 3-2, and started the 2-0 Houston Texans 14-loss streak by shutting","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"12321885","text":"2003 Baltimore Ravens season The 2003 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's eighth season in the NFL. They improved upon their previous output of 7–9, instead winning 10 games and making a playoff appearance. One notable moment from the season came in week 2, when Jamal Lewis rushed 295 yards against the Cleveland Browns, setting the NFL record for most rushing yards in a single game. In week 12 against the Seattle Seahawks, Baltimore fought a 41–24 deficit to win 44–41. The game was named to NFL Top 10 as #9 on \"Top Ten Comebacks\". The Ravens season ended quickly,","title":"2003 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"12007791","text":"that he had created the Ravens’ logo—a “B” inside a winged shield—that had been used from 1996 to 1998. Bouchat sued the team for $10 million, and a judge upheld a jury's verdict supporting the claim. The team's new logo—the profile of a raven's head with the letter \"B\"—was voted on by 7,000 fans in a \"Baltimore Sun\" poll. The updated logo remains in use by the team. 1999 Baltimore Ravens season The 1999 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's fourth year in the National Football League (NFL). The team won 8 games and lost 8 games, missing the playoffs.","title":"1999 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"14198489","text":"2010 Baltimore Ravens season The 2010 Baltimore Ravens season was the 15th for the team in the National Football League (NFL) and city of Baltimore, Maryland, and the 13th to host home games at M&T Bank Stadium. They played in the NFL's American Football Conference (AFC) North Division. The franchise improved from their 9–7 record from their previous season, with a 12–4 record, but lost to their division rival and eventual AFC Champion Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round of the 2010–11 NFL playoffs. Because the Ravens made an appearance in the 2009–10 playoffs, they will be able to sign","title":"2010 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"14198528","text":"season came to an end with an overall record of 13–5. 2010 Baltimore Ravens season The 2010 Baltimore Ravens season was the 15th for the team in the National Football League (NFL) and city of Baltimore, Maryland, and the 13th to host home games at M&T Bank Stadium. They played in the NFL's American Football Conference (AFC) North Division. The franchise improved from their 9–7 record from their previous season, with a 12–4 record, but lost to their division rival and eventual AFC Champion Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round of the 2010–11 NFL playoffs. Because the Ravens made an","title":"2010 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11796550","text":"named the \"Baltimore Ravens\" via a poll conducted by the Baltimore Sun as the team was assigned to play in the American Football Conference (AFC) Central Division; afterwards, over 50,000 tickets were sold for the entire season. The Ravens would finish their first season with a 4–12 record under coach Ted Marchibroda, who coached the Colts before and after they relocated and has a 41–33 regular season record in Baltimore. At the Ravens' first-ever regular season game, a record attendance of 64,124 was present in their win against the Oakland Raiders, 19–14, on September 1 at home. Their second victory","title":"1996 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9864565","text":"trailed for the rest of the game, ultimately losing 20–16. The Ravens ended their season 6–10. Despite having the same regular season record as the Cleveland Browns, the Ravens were technically third in the AFC North, since they beat the Browns on the division records tiebreaker: In the AFC North, the Ravens were 2–4, while the Browns were 1–5. The 2006 Baltimore Ravens season began with the team trying to improve on their 6–10 record in 2005. The Ravens, for the first time in franchise history, started 4–0 under the surprising leadership of former Titans quarterback Steve McNair. With miracle","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864614","text":"a tough fought game, the Baltimore Ravens won 23–21 with a game-winning 32-yard field goal by Justin Tucker as time expired. On September 28, the Ravens hosted the Carolina Panthers, and in a fabulous offensive performance, defeated the Carolina Panthers 38–10; with this victory the Ravens have defeated every visiting franchise at least once at home (and at M&T Bank Stadium). The very next week, the Ravens traveled to Indianapolis to play the Colts in Week 5. However, three turnovers and QB Joe Flacco being sacked four times resulted in a 20–13 loss, breaking the 3–2 Ravens win streak. In","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"11379832","text":"2008 Baltimore Ravens season The 2008 Baltimore Ravens season was the 13th season for the team in the NFL. Despite having one of the toughest schedules in the NFL, the Ravens completed a major turnaround from the 2007 season, finishing the season with an 11–5 record and a playoff berth. They defeated the Miami Dolphins in the Wild Card round of the playoffs, and then in the divisional round they defeated the Tennessee Titans, who had compiled the best record in the AFC over the regular season. However, in the AFC championship game, the Ravens' season came to an end","title":"2008 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9915301","text":"2007 Baltimore Ravens season The 2007 Baltimore Ravens season was the 12th season for the team in the National Football League. They entered the season hoping to improve on their 13–3 record from 2006, but finished the season with a 5–11 record and missed the playoffs. Head coach Brian Billick entered his ninth and final year with the Ravens, as he was fired at the end of the season. He was joined by offensive coordinator Rick Neuheisel and defensive coordinator Rex Ryan. During the offseason the Ravens cut Jamal Lewis, with the intent of re-signing him at a lower salary.","title":"2007 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11379880","text":"record of 13–6. McGahee, near the end of the fourth quarter, was in a vicious collision with Pittsburgh safety Ryan Clark. He was conscious, yet had to be carted off the field, due to some neck pains. On January 19, 2009, the Ravens released news that McGahee is expected to make a full recovery. 2008 Baltimore Ravens season The 2008 Baltimore Ravens season was the 13th season for the team in the NFL. Despite having one of the toughest schedules in the NFL, the Ravens completed a major turnaround from the 2007 season, finishing the season with an 11–5 record","title":"2008 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"12844734","text":"2009 Baltimore Ravens season The 2009 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 14th season as a team in the National Football League (NFL). The franchise entered the season off an 11–5 record in their previous season, a playoff berth, but a loss in the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship game against the eventual Super Bowl XLIII champions, the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Ravens recorded nine victories to seven losses, although they were unable to win the AFC North division title. However, due to various playoff clinching scenarios in the AFC, the Ravens were able to clinch a wild card playoff berth","title":"2009 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"12007790","text":"1999 Baltimore Ravens season The 1999 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's fourth year in the National Football League (NFL). The team won 8 games and lost 8 games, missing the playoffs. Then they played tough against the top division rival Jacksonville Jaguars and then trounced the eventual AFC Champion Tennessee Titans and finish the season strong with an 8–8 record. This is also Brian Billick's first season as head coach of the Ravens after Ted Marchibroda retired after the 1998 season. The Ravens were forced to switch their helmet logo for the 1999 season. Security guard Frederick Bouchat contended","title":"1999 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"10287757","text":"team. 2000 Baltimore Ravens season The 2000 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's fifth season in the National Football League (NFL) and the second under head coach Brian Billick. The Ravens concluded their season with a 12–4 record, thus finishing in second place in the AFC Central, earning them a spot in the playoffs as a wild card team. The Ravens won three straight games in the 2000 AFC playoffs, culminating in a trip to Tampa, Florida for Super Bowl XXXV, where they defeated the New York Giants, 34–7. The team's defense, which set a league record for fewest points","title":"2000 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"10287729","text":"2000 Baltimore Ravens season The 2000 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's fifth season in the National Football League (NFL) and the second under head coach Brian Billick. The Ravens concluded their season with a 12–4 record, thus finishing in second place in the AFC Central, earning them a spot in the playoffs as a wild card team. The Ravens won three straight games in the 2000 AFC playoffs, culminating in a trip to Tampa, Florida for Super Bowl XXXV, where they defeated the New York Giants, 34–7. The team's defense, which set a league record for fewest points allowed","title":"2000 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11822907","text":"20–3 in the Wild Card Round, but were unable to stop the 13–3 Pittsburgh Steelers, in the next round, due to a series of turnovers and penalties. 2001 Baltimore Ravens season The 2001 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise’s sixth season in the National Football League (NFL) and the third under head coach Brian Billick. Fresh off their victory trip from Super Bowl XXXV, bad news struck the 2001 Ravens as running back Jamal Lewis suffered a knee injury in training camp and would miss the entire season. This weakened the Ravens’ running game and defense, and they also failed","title":"2001 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11822906","text":"2001 Baltimore Ravens season The 2001 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise’s sixth season in the National Football League (NFL) and the third under head coach Brian Billick. Fresh off their victory trip from Super Bowl XXXV, bad news struck the 2001 Ravens as running back Jamal Lewis suffered a knee injury in training camp and would miss the entire season. This weakened the Ravens’ running game and defense, and they also failed to equal their 12–4 record from 2000, instead going 10–6 but eventually reaching the postseason for the second consecutive year. They easily shut down the Miami Dolphins,","title":"2001 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11379838","text":"17, 2008 from the NFL. McNair had played a combined 13 seasons with the Ravens and Titans. After being voted to 11 Pro Bowls in 12 seasons, (but only playing in 10 due to a hyperextended big toe) veteran left tackle and the first ever draft selection by the newly created Baltimore Ravens franchise in 1996, Jonathan Ogden announced his retirement on June 12, 2008. The Baltimore Ravens had nine selections going into the 2008 NFL Draft, including four compensatory selections. The Ravens traded the eighth overall pick to the Jaguars for Jacksonville's first-round choice (26th overall) as well as","title":"2008 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"12844736","text":"Bart Scott and safety Jim Leonhard, both of whom left Baltimore to follow Rex Ryan to New York, and longtime placekicker Matt Stover. On March 5, 2009, Stover told reporters that the Ravens were \"going in a different direction\". When Stover's tenure ended with the Ravens, the team severed ties with one of its two remaining players from the Ravens' first season in 1996; the other being Ray Lewis. The Baltimore Ravens had six selections going into the 2009 NFL Draft, which was held in Radio City Music Hall in New York City, New York on April 25 and April","title":"2009 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"14198493","text":"half, the Ravens led 7–6. The Ravens extended their lead in the third quarter when kicker Billy Cundiff got a 25-yard field goal. The Jets cut the lead in the fourth quarter when Folk kicked a field goal from 48 yards, making the score 10–9. The Ravens' defense managed to prevent any further progress and allowed them to take the win. With the close win, Baltimore began the season at 1–0. Hoping to maintain their winning streak the Ravens flew to Paul Brown Stadium for an AFC North rivalry match against the Bengals. In the 2nd quarter Baltimore trailed early","title":"2010 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"14198512","text":"to the Ravens' 9-yard line. Two plays later, quarterback Ben Roethlisberger completed a 9-yard touchdown pass to running back Isaac Redman. Baltimore tried to rally, but the Steelers' defense held on to preserve the win. With the loss, the Ravens fell to 8–4. Hoping to rebound from their loss to the Steelers, the Ravens flew to Reliant Stadium for a Week 14 Monday night duel with the Houston Texans. Baltimore delivered the game's opening strike with a 1-yard touchdown run from running back Willis McGahee. The Ravens added onto their lead in the second quarter as quarterback Joe Flacco found","title":"2010 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11379853","text":"7-yard TD pass to WR Davone Bess. Fortunately for the Ravens, in the fourth quarter, the Ravens scored on a 5-yard TD run by RB Willis McGahee. With the win, Baltimore improved to 3–3. Coming off their road win over the Dolphins, the Ravens went home for a Week 8 duel with the Oakland Raiders. In the first quarter, Baltimore rookie LB Jameel McClain sacked Raiders quarterback JaMarcus Russell in his own endzone for a safety. In the second quarter, the Ravens increased their lead with a 1-yard TD run by RB Willis McGahee, a 70-yard TD pass to WR","title":"2008 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"12844770","text":"The Ravens would respond with kicker Billy Cundiff making a 25-yard field goal. However, the Colts rebounded in the second quarter as quarterback Peyton Manning completed a 10-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Austin Collie and a 3-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Reggie Wayne. Following a scoreless third quarter, Baltimore's deficit increased in the fourth quarter as Stover gave Indianapolis a 33-yard field goal. With the loss, the Ravens' season ended with an overall record of 10–8. 2009 Baltimore Ravens season The 2009 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 14th season as a team in the National Football League","title":"2009 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9864585","text":"the Ravens acquired fullback Vonta Leach, wide receiver Lee Evans, safety Bernard Pollard, and running back Ricky Williams. During the pre season, the Baltimore Ravens signed Left tackle Bryant McKinnie from the Minnesota Vikings. On top of that the Ravens signed Pro bowl center Andre Gurode from the Dallas Cowboys. With the new signings, there was a reshuffle within the Offensive line. The signing of McKinnie forced Michael Oher over to the Right Tackle position, which in turn allowed Marshall Yanda to revert to his natural Right Guard position. The Ravens finished their pre season 3–1, with a loss to","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864616","text":"to Steve Smith that seemingly won the game. However, Smith was controversially called for offensive pass interference on Bengals safety George Iloka, who looked to have flopped, that negated the touchdown. The Ravens ended up losing 27–24 and being swept by the Bengals for the first time since 2009. The next week, the Ravens traveled to Pittsburgh for another key division match. Two unfortunate turnovers led to an offensive surge by the Steelers and Ben Roethlisberger throwing six touchdowns on an injury riddled Baltimore secondary, humbling the Ravens 43–23. Afterwards, the Ravens made some changes to their secondary, cutting cornerbacks","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864579","text":"17–15, failing to score a single touchdown. Cundiff went 5 for 6 on field goals, scoring the Ravens only points. Joe Flacco threw a late interception and after Ed Reed's fumbled attempt to lateral on a punt return, Peyton Manning kneeled to seal the Colts' seventh consecutive victory against Baltimore. With this loss, the Ravens record stood at 5–5, ranking third in the AFC North. The Ravens then beat the Steelers, who were playing without quarterback Ben Roethlisberger with an overtime field goal on \"Sunday Night Football\". The next week, however, the Ravens lost to the Green Bay Packers on","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864550","text":"would be for the rest of the season. The thousand yard rushing season by rookie running back Jamal Lewis combined with the stout Ravens defense kept Baltimore competitive in games even when the offense struggled. At one point in the season the team played five consecutive games without scoring an offensive touchdown but still managed two wins during that stretch. The team regrouped and won each of their last seven games, finishing 12–4. The Ravens had made the playoffs for the first time. Since the divisional rival Tennessee Titans had a record of 13–3, Baltimore had to play in the","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864567","text":"the influence of their winning streak, the Ravens sought a sweep of the AFC North division in a rematch against the Bengals late in the season. Baltimore was unable to produce offensively enough to overcome a team led by their own former defensive coordinator Marvin Lewis. The loss ended Baltimore's hopes of a division sweep. Still ranked second overall to the first-place San Diego, Baltimore continued. They slowed down the surging Chiefs, continued dominance over rival Cleveland, and held the defending Super Bowl champion Pittsburgh Steelers to only one touchdown at Heinz Field, allowing the Ravens to still clinch the","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44485","text":"the only team to defeat the 15–1 Pittsburgh Steelers in the regular season. In the 2005 offseason the Ravens looked to augment their receiving corps (which was second-worst in the NFL in 2004) by signing Derrick Mason from the Titans and drafting star Oklahoma wide receiver Mark Clayton in the first round of the 2005 NFL Draft. However, the Ravens ended their season 6–10, but defeated the Green Bay Packers 48–3 on Monday Night Football and the Super Bowl champion Steelers. The 2006 Baltimore Ravens season began with the team trying to improve on their 6–10 record of 2005. The","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44500","text":"their 2nd AFC championship by coming back from a 13-7 halftime deficit to defeat the New England Patriots once again, 28-13. The Ravens played the Super Bowl XLVII on February 3, 2013, against the San Francisco 49ers. Baltimore built a 28–6 lead early in the third quarter before a partial power outage in the Superdome suspended play for 34 minutes (earning the game the added nickname of the Blackout Bowl). After play resumed, San Francisco scored 17 unanswered third-quarter points to cut the Ravens' lead, 28–23, and continued to chip away in the fourth quarter. With the Ravens leading late","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44494","text":"from the playoffs by Pittsburgh in a hard-fought battle. The Ravens hosted their arch-enemy in Week 1 of the 2011 season. On a hot, humid day in M&T Bank Stadium, crowd noise and multiple Steelers mistakes allowed Baltimore to crush them with three touchdowns 35–7. The frustrated Pittsburgh players also committed several costly penalties. Thus, the Ravens had gained their first ever victory over the Steelers with Ben Roethlisberger playing and avenged themselves of repeated regular and postseason losses in the series. But in Week 2, the Ravens collapsed in Tennessee and lost 26–13. They rebounded by routing the Rams","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"44486","text":"Ravens, for the first time in franchise history, started 4–0, under the leadership of former Titans quarterback Steve McNair. The Ravens lost two straight games mid-season on offensive troubles, prompting coach Billick to drop their offensive coordinator Jim Fassel in their week seven bye. After the bye, and with Billick calling the offense, Baltimore would record a five-game win streak before losing to the Cincinnati Bengals in week 13. Still ranked second overall to first-place San Diego Chargers, the Ravens continued on. They defeated the Kansas City Chiefs, and held the defending Super Bowl champion Pittsburgh Steelers to only one","title":"Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864575","text":"scored 38 points and accounted for over 500 yards in a 38–24 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs. In week 2, the Ravens defeated the San Diego Chargers 31–26. Although the Ravens secondary struggled, Ray Lewis made a crucial tackle on fourth down of the Chargers' final drive to seal the Baltimore win. In week 3, the Ravens defeated the Cleveland Browns in a 34–3 blowout while celebrating Derrick Mason's 800th pass reception in his career. In week 4, the Ravens lost in heartbreak fashion to the New England Patriots, 27–21, with their final drive ending with a dropped pass","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"16977083","text":"2013 Baltimore Ravens season The 2013 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 18th season in the National Football League and the sixth under head coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens entered the season as the defending Super Bowl champions from the previous year, but failed to improve on their 10–6 record from 2012, and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2007. For the first time in franchise history, Ray Lewis was not on the roster, as he announced his retirement before the playoffs began the year prior. He retired as a champion of Super Bowl XLVII and was the","title":"2013 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"19820211","text":"by a defensive pass interference call, in which the drive ended with a go-ahead Bengals touchdown. After a 4th down Flacco pass to Wallace that failed to convert into a 1st down, the Ravens turned over the ball and lost to the Bengals. This loss would be significant because in addition to eliminating them from the playoffs, it allowed the Buffalo Bills to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1999 season. 2017 Baltimore Ravens season The 2017 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 22nd in the National Football League and their 10th under head coach John Harbaugh. This","title":"2017 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11379847","text":"the Pittsburgh Steelers losing 15 – 6 to the Philadelphia Eagles, the Ravens not only improve to 2–0; they now lead the AFC North after 3 weeks. Coming off their home win over the Browns, the Ravens flew to Heinz Field for their first road game of the year, as they played a Week 4 MNF duel with the throwback-clad Pittsburgh Steelers. In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early as Steelers kicker Jeff Reed got a 49-yard field goal. The Ravens responded with kicker Matt Stover getting a 33-yard field goal. Baltimore gained the lead in the second quarter as","title":"2008 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"16181102","text":"2012 Baltimore Ravens season The 2012 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's 17th season in the National Football League. While the Ravens failed to improve on their 12–4 record from 2011, they did still manage to clinch the AFC North division title in Week 16 and finish the regular season with a 10–6 record, sending them to their fifth straight playoffs, where they advanced to the AFC Championship Game for the second consecutive season, and then to the Super Bowl for the first time since 2000. They won their second Super Bowl victory, 34–31 against the San Francisco 49ers. It","title":"2012 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"12355245","text":"Apart from their AFC North division games, the Ravens played against the AFC South and NFC South according to the NFL’s new conference rotation, and played the Broncos and Dolphins based on 2001 standings with respect to the newly aligned divisions. 2002 Baltimore Ravens season The 2002 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's seventh season in the National Football League (NFL). They were unable to improve upon their previous output of 10–6, instead winning only seven games and missing the playoffs for the first time in three years. Baltimore’s defense took a significant step back from its normally high level","title":"2002 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"11379843","text":"half. In the third quarter, Baltimore responded with rookie quarterback Joe Flacco scoring on a 38-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, Cincinnati tried to rally as CB Johnathan Joseph returned a fumble 65 yards for a touchdown. Ultimately, the Ravens defense stopped a potential Bengals scoring drive on fourth down late in the fourth quarter and won the game. With the win, the Ravens began their season at 1–0. Joe Flacco in his rookie debut, completed 15 of 29 passes for 129 yards (along with a touchdown run). The Houston Texans – Baltimore Ravens game was postponed from September","title":"2008 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"10287745","text":"half, with two field goals of their own by Matt Stover; however, with a touchdown pass from Jay Fiedler to Lamar Smith and a rushing touchdown from the latter player, the Dolphins overcame Baltimore 19–6. In a game where the Ravens got just above 250 yards of total offense, Baltimore ultimately fell to a 2–1 record. In an attempt to redeem their road lost to the Dolphins, the Ravens faced division rivals Cincinnati Bengals. In a complete shut out, the Ravens gained a near 400 yards (391 yards exact) in a game where the defense shut down the Bengals for","title":"2000 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"12289306","text":"2004 Baltimore Ravens season The 2004 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's ninth season in the NFL. They were unable to improve upon their previous output of 10–6 and a playoff appearance, instead going 9–7 and missing the playoffs. The 2004 season was the subject of the John Feinstein non-fiction book \"Next Man Up\"; the result of Feinstein spending the season behind the scenes with the team. In the off-season, then-37-year-old Deion Sanders surprised the sports world when he announced that he was coming out of retirement to play for the Ravens. Meanwhile, Jamal Lewis, who was coming off a","title":"2004 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"8721430","text":"interception return and TD by Chris McAlister. The Ravens ended the game in the 4th quarter by a 28-yard FG by Matt Stover. \"at M&T Bank Stadium, Baltimore, Maryland Coming off their bye week, the second-seeded Ravens began their playoff hunt at home against the third-seeded Indianapolis Colts. In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early with kicker Adam Vinatieri getting a 23-yard and a 42-yard field goal. In the second quarter, the Ravens managed to score as kicker Matt Stover nailed a 40-yard field goal, yet Vinatieri would respond with a 51-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Colts","title":"2006 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"14198514","text":"pass to Jones. In overtime, the Ravens got the win as cornerback Josh Wilson returned a 12-yard interception for a touchdown. With the win, Baltimore improved to 9–4. Hoping to beat the defending Super Bowl champs, the Ravens returned home. New Orleans struck first with an 18-yard pass from Drew Brees to Jimmy Graham, but Baltimore quickly answered with Flacco throwing a 34-yard pass to Ed Dickson. The Ravens then followed with two touchdowns, both by Ray Rice, one rushing (10 yards) and one passing (17 yards), to bring the score up 21–7. At the close of the half, the","title":"2010 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"14198494","text":"as kicker Mike Nugent hit a 36 and a 30-yard field goal. In the third quarter the Ravens replied and took the lead with QB Joe Flacco completing a 31-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason. The Bengals replied when Nugent hit a 46-yard field goal. The Ravens took the lead back in the fourth quarter when kicker Billy Cundiff got a 38-yard field goal, but it was cut off by Nugent's 38 and 25-yard field goal, giving Baltimore a loss. With the loss, Baltimore fell to 1–1. The Ravens' next match was an AFC North rivalry match against the","title":"2010 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9915336","text":"season on a high note, the Ravens went home for a Week 17 AFC North rematch with the season’s AFC North champion Pittsburgh Steelers. In the first quarter, Baltimore took flight as RB Musa Smith got a 2-yard TD run, along with kicker Matt Stover getting a 28-yard field goal. In the second quarter, the Ravens increased their lead as RB Cory Ross got a 32-yard TD run. The Steelers responded with RB Najeh Davenport getting a 1-yard TD run. Baltimore ended the half with Stover nailing a 31-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Ravens continued to lead","title":"2007 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9915310","text":"to show some fight within them as Nugent kicked a 21-yard field goal, while Clemens completed a 3-yard TD pass to TE Chris Baker. The Ravens’ defense held its ground and LB Ray Lewis managed to get the game-winning interception. With the win, not only did Baltimore improve to 1–1, but it made the Ravens 4–0 against the Jets while under Head Coach Brian Billick. After their win over the Jets, the Ravens stayed at home for a Week 3 interconference fight with the Arizona Cardinals. In the first quarter, Baltimore took flight first with kicker Matt Stover getting a","title":"2007 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9915328","text":"that the Ravens had lost five straight games. Trying to snap a five-game losing skid, the Ravens went home for a Week 13 Monday Night intra conference duel with the New England Patriots, who were undefeated at 11–0. In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early as Patriots kicker Stephen Gostkowski made a 21-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Ravens took the lead with QB Kyle Boller completing a 4-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason. In the second quarter, Baltimore increased its lead with kicker Matt Stover getting a 29-yard field goal. Later, New England tied the game prior to halftime","title":"2007 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"8721416","text":"Colston for a 25-yard touchdown catch. A 2-point conversion was made to make it 35–22. New Orleans went for an onside kick but it failed so the Baltimore Ravens won by the score of 35–22. With the win, the Ravens advanced to 5–2 and 2–1 against NFC Opponents. Jamal Lewis ran for 109 yards on 31 attempts. Steve McNair ran for 23 yards on 5 carries and completed 17 passes out of 23 for 159 yards. \"at M&T Bank Stadium, Baltimore, Maryland Riding high from their road win over the Saints, the Ravens returned home for an AFC North showdown","title":"2006 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"18414172","text":"back and forth game, despite a poor showing from the defense, on a game-winning field goal from Justin Tucker. They improved to 2–6, but are still in last place in the AFC North because of their week 5 loss to the Browns. Already missing Terrell Suggs for the season, the Ravens suffered another setback and this time Steve Smith, Sr. left the game with a ruptured Achilles tendon. The Ravens later announced that the injury will keep him out for the rest of the season. No game. Baltimore had a bye week. The Ravens were on the cusp of victory","title":"2015 Baltimore Ravens season"},{"psg_id":"9864586","text":"the Philadelphia Eagles, and victories over the Washington Redskins, the Kansas City Chiefs, and the Atlanta Falcons. 2011 marked one of the most successful seasons in Baltimore Ravens franchise history. The Ravens started their campaign with a big 35–7 victory at home over their rivals the Pittsburgh Steelers. Other key victories included a 34–17 victory over the New York Jets in week three, a week six 29–14 victory over the Houston Texans, and a week nine win over the Steelers, this would be the first time since 2006 that the Ravens would sweep Pittsburgh in the AFC North division. The","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864560","text":"and Ravens. Owens went to the Eagles, and the Ravens got back the pick they had traded to the 49ers, and were also granted a 5th round draft pick. Boller remained quarterback through the entire season. Ed Reed became a full-fledged star on defense, with nine interceptions. Reed was also named the NFL Defensive Player of the Year. He broke the NFL record for longest INT return, with a 106-yard return against the Cleveland Browns. Baltimore remained in playoff contention the entire season, but with a 9–7 record did not go to the playoffs. In the 2005 offseason the Ravens","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864613","text":"next day, on September 8, 2014, TMZ released additional footage from an elevator camera showing Rice punching Palmer. The Baltimore Ravens terminated Rice's contract as a result, and was later indefinitely suspended by the NFL. Although starting out 0–1 for two straight seasons and having received unwanted media attention for the Ray Rice incident, on September 11, 2014, the Ravens rallied back and beat the Pittsburgh Steelers 26–6 on Thursday Night Football, to improve to 1–1 . On the Sunday after the Thursday night victory, the Ravens headed to Cleveland for a third straight division game with the Browns. In","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"},{"psg_id":"9864552","text":"second quarter, followed by an injury to Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon, highlighted the Ravens' 16–3 victory. Baltimore then went to Tampa for Super Bowl XXXV where they met the New York Giants, cruising to a 34–7 win for their first championship in franchise history. The Ravens recorded four sacks, forced five turnovers, one of which was a Kerry Collins interception returned for a touchdown by Duane Starks. The Giants' only score was a Ron Dixon kickoff return for another touchdown (after Starks' interception return), making the 2000 Ravens the third Super Bowl team whose defense did not allow an opponent's","title":"History of the Baltimore Ravens"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44461\",\n \"text\": \"Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The team plays its home games at M&T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills. The Ravens were established in 1996, when Art Modell, who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns, announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland to Baltimore. As part of a settlement between the league and the city of Cleveland, Modell was required to leave the Browns'\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44539\",\n \"text\": \"Football\\\" and simulcasts of games on cable) or WBFF-TV (also \\\"Thursday Night Football\\\"). Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The team plays its home games at M&T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills. The Ravens were established in 1996, when Art Modell, who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns, announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland to Baltimore. As part of a settlement between the\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16433246\",\n \"text\": \"The group also makes various appearances throughout the Baltimore and surrounding areas where they raffle off tickets to an M&T Bank Stadium exclusive area known as The Flite Deck. The squad is present at all home games. The squad currently has 18 female members. The squad also trains at the Maryland Twisters, an All Star Cheerleading gym in Hanover, Maryland, on Tuesday and Thursday nights. Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders The Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders are a cheerleading and dance squad for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. Unlike other NFL Cheerleading squads, the Ravens squad is a co-ed squad, with\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16433244\",\n \"text\": \"Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders The Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders are a cheerleading and dance squad for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. Unlike other NFL Cheerleading squads, the Ravens squad is a co-ed squad, with the female cheerleaders doing various dance moves, and the males working on stunts, as in traditional cheerleading. The group was founded in 1998, and currently consists of 48 members (20 stunt team performers and 28 dancers). The squad performs at the Ravens home stadium M&T Bank Stadium. The squad's director is Tina Galdieri, who cheered at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, as well as\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44487\",\n \"text\": \"touchdown at Heinz Field, allowing the Ravens to clinch the AFC North. The Ravens ended the regular season with a franchise-best 13–3 record. Baltimore had secured the AFC North title, the No. 2 AFC playoff seed, and clinched a 1st-round bye by season's end. The Ravens were slated to face the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the playoffs, in the first meeting of the two teams in the playoffs. Many Baltimore and Indianapolis fans saw this historic meeting as a sort of \\\"Judgment Day\\\" with the new team of Baltimore facing the old team of Baltimore (the former\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44537\",\n \"text\": \"records as of February 9, 2017 per Pro-Football Reference.com\\\" The Ravens' flagship radio stations are Hearst-owned WIYY (98 Rock) and WBAL 1090 AM, with Gerry Sandusky (WBAL-TV Sports Anchor since 1988) as the play-by-play announcer and analysts Dennis Pitta (Baltimore Ravens TE 2010–2016) and Jarret Johnson (Baltimore Ravens LB 2003–2011). The team's flagship station is WIYY/WBAL sister station WBAL-TV, which broadcasts pre-season games and team programming throughout the season. The programming is syndicated to WJLA-TV in Washington, WGAL in the Harrisburg–Lebanon–York–Lancaster, Pennsylvania market, and until 2017, was carried through the remainder of the team's region by CSN Mid-Atlantic. In January\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44535\",\n \"text\": \"field of M&T Bank Stadium. The ring currently honors the following, including 8 former members of the Baltimore Colts. Bold Numbers are those whose numbers have not been issued or reissued after a player's time in Baltimore: <br> Key/Legend The Baltimore Ravens had their first draft in 1996, where they selected offensive lineman from UCLA and current NFL Hall of Famer, and 11-time Pro-Bowler Jonathan Ogden. Along with their pick in the next year's draft, this was the highest first-round draft pick that the Ravens have had. They also selected Ray Lewis with the 26th pick. In both 1996 and\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44512\",\n \"text\": \"Football Team; although on January 6, 2013 the scoreboard at the playoff game between the Baltimore Ravens and Indianapolis Colts at M&T Bank Stadium listed the away team as \\\"Colts\\\". The Indianapolis Colts hold an all-time 9–4 advantage over the Baltimore Ravens, including a 2–1 advantage in the playoffs. The Ravens also have divisional rivalries with the Cleveland Browns and Cincinnati Bengals. The reactivated Cleveland Browns and their fans maintain a hatred of Baltimore's team due to its move from Cleveland. The rivalry with the Browns has been very one-sided; Baltimore holds an advantage of 27-9 against Cleveland. The rivalry\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44502\",\n \"text\": \"them 30-9 in Week 3. However, the Ravens lost their next 3 games, losing to the Green Bay Packers and Pittsburgh Steelers in last-minute field goals and were shut out in an attempt to tie the game against the Cleveland Browns 18-24. After winning and losing their next game, the Baltimore Ravens came out 4-6, but managed winning their next four games in dominating the Jets 19-3 in Baltimore, a Steelers win 20-22 during Thanksgiving, a booming ending in Baltimore against the Vikings 29-26, and an 18-16 win at Detroit, including Justin Tucker's 61-yard game-winning field goal. The Ravens were\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44472\",\n \"text\": \"for the Ravens first two seasons was Baltimore's Memorial Stadium, home field of the Baltimore Colts and Baltimore Stallions years before. The Ravens moved to their own new stadium, now known as M&T Bank Stadium, next to Camden Yards in 1998. In the 1996 NFL Draft, the Ravens, with two picks in the first round, drafted offensive tackle Jonathan Ogden at No. 4 overall and linebacker Ray Lewis at No. 26 overall. Both Ogden and Lewis went on to play for the Ravens for their entire professional careers and were both inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16433245\",\n \"text\": \"the World League of American Football's (later NFL Europe) Barcelona Dragons, and also led the University of Maryland's cheerleading squad to a national championship in 1999. The squad also has a \\\"Lil Ravens\\\" summer program, and unlike the other squads, boys also are permitted to join. The group makes various appearances at parties and corporate functions throughout the year. The female members of the squad also has a swimsuit calendar, with their 2012 calendar taking place in the Bahamas. The squad currently has 31 female members. The Baltimore Ravens also have a promotional squad known as, The Baltimore Ravens Playmakers.\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15204937\",\n \"text\": \"2011 Baltimore Ravens season The 2011 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's 16th in the National Football League and city of Baltimore, and the 14th to host home games at M&T Bank Stadium. 2011 marked one of the most successful seasons in Baltimore Ravens franchise history. The Ravens completed the season with a 12–4 record, matching their record from 2010, and winning the AFC North division title for the third time in franchise history. By earning a playoff berth in 2011, the Ravens set a franchise record by going to the postseason for four consecutive seasons. John Harbaugh coached his\",\n \"title\": \"2011 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864622\",\n \"text\": \"eliminated from playoff contention after their Week 16 loss to their division rivals, the Steelers. This was the first time the Ravens missed the playoffs in consecutive seasons since 2004–2005, as well as the first in the Harbaugh/Flacco era. History of the Baltimore Ravens This article details the history of the Baltimore Ravens, a professional American football team which plays in the National Football League. Ahead of the 1995 league expansion, eleven years after the Colts' controversial move to Indianapolis, the city of Baltimore expected to be granted an NFL franchise and put together its most attractive financial package. However,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864553\",\n \"text\": \"offensive score; however, Baltimore immediately countered with a TD return by Jermaine Lewis. The Ravens became only the third wild-card team to win a Super Bowl championship. The interception return for a touchdown, followed by two kick return TDs, marked the quickest time in Super Bowl history that three touchdowns had been scored. The title made the Ravens the fourth Baltimore-based pro football team to win a league championship. They were preceded by the NFL Baltimore Colts in 1958, 1959 and 1970, the USFL Stars in 1985 and the CFL Stallions in 1995. In 2001, the Ravens attempted to defend\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19820209\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Baltimore Ravens season The 2017 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 22nd in the National Football League and their 10th under head coach John Harbaugh. This was also the 10th season with Joe Flacco as the team's starting quarterback. The Ravens improved on the previous season's 8–8 record, but failed to qualify for the playoffs for the third consecutive season by a last second touchdown in a 31–27 loss to the Bengals in Week 17. Notes Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. NFL London Games After several weeks of dismal offensive plays, the Ravens traveled west to Oakland where\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864600\",\n \"text\": \"due to inefficiencies in lighting, on-field visibility, and electrical equipment. After power was restored, the 49ers regained composure and came storming back, scoring 17 unanswered points. The 49ers had a final chance to take the lead late in the game, but a goal-line stand by the Ravens with less than two minutes remaining sealed the contest as the Baltimore Ravens won Super Bowl XLVII 34–31. Super Bowl XLVII has also been dubbed the \\\"Harbaugh Bowl\\\" since the 49ers were coached by Jim Harbaugh, the brother of Ravens coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens returned to Baltimore to celebrate with their fans\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44523\",\n \"text\": \"this preference but still wanted a letter \\\"B\\\" to appear somewhere in the design. The new Ravens logo, introduced in 1999, featured a raven's head in profile with the letter superimposed. The secondary logo is a shield that honors Baltimore's history of heraldry. Alternating Calvert and Crossland emblems (seen also in the flag of Maryland and the flag of Baltimore) are interlocked with stylized letters \\\"B\\\" and \\\"R\\\". The design of the Ravens uniform has remained essentially unchanged since the team's inaugural season in 1996. Art Modell admitted to ESPN's Roy Firestone that the Ravens' colors, introduced in early 1996,\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8721397\",\n \"text\": \"In the 2006 offseason, the Baltimore Ravens were in negotiations to try to obtain veteran quarterback Steve McNair from the Tennessee Titans. On Sunday, April 30, 2006, the Titans allowed McNair to speak with the Ravens and on May 1, 2006, the Baltimore Sun stated that the Baltimore Ravens had been waiting for McNair to be released by the Titans since it was the free agency period. The deal was completed in June 2006. McNair and the Ravens agreed to an $11 million signing bonus on May 5, 2006. On June 7, 2006, the Ravens and Titans agreed to trade\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11796552\",\n \"text\": \"mark. During the season, the Ravens held second-half leads in ten of their final eleven games; they ultimately went 3–7 in games decided by one possession. 1996 Baltimore Ravens season The 1996 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's inaugural season in the National Football League (NFL). They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore remained without an NFL football franchise for 12 years after the Baltimore Colts relocated to Indianapolis, Indiana. In 1996, however, the NFL approved Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell's proposal to relocate the franchise to Baltimore, although the records and name of the\",\n \"title\": \"1996 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15204957\",\n \"text\": \"Evans failed to make the game-winning touchdown on 2nd & 1 and Billy Cundiff missed a 32-yard field goal with 0:11 left in regulation, which would have sent the game into overtime. 2011 Baltimore Ravens season The 2011 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's 16th in the National Football League and city of Baltimore, and the 14th to host home games at M&T Bank Stadium. 2011 marked one of the most successful seasons in Baltimore Ravens franchise history. The Ravens completed the season with a 12–4 record, matching their record from 2010, and winning the AFC North division title for\",\n \"title\": \"2011 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44488\",\n \"text\": \"Baltimore Colts having left Baltimore under questionable circumstances in 1984). Both Indianapolis and Baltimore were held to scoring only field goals as the two defenses slugged it out all over M&T Bank Stadium. McNair threw two costly interceptions, including one at the 1-yard line. The eventual Super Bowl champion Colts won 15–6, ending Baltimore's season. After a stellar 2006 season, the Ravens hoped to improve upon their 13–3 record but injuries and poor play plagued the team. The Ravens finished the 2007 season in the AFC North cellar with a disappointing 5–11 record. A humiliating 22–16 overtime loss to the\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864536\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens This article details the history of the Baltimore Ravens, a professional American football team which plays in the National Football League. Ahead of the 1995 league expansion, eleven years after the Colts' controversial move to Indianapolis, the city of Baltimore expected to be granted an NFL franchise and put together its most attractive financial package. However, to make way for Jack Kent Cooke's ultimately unsuccessful plan to move the Washington Redskins to Laurel, Maryland, then-commissioner Paul Tagliabue convinced the league's team owners to pass over Baltimore. Franchises were instead granted to smaller TV markets in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17671219\",\n \"text\": \"Key/Legend <br> Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor The Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor is a display encircling the field of M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, honoring former players and personnel who have made outstanding contributions to the Baltimore Ravens and Baltimore Colts football organizations. The Ring of Honor began in 2000, with the induction of Earnest Byner. In 2002, eight former Baltimore Colts players were added, followed by the induction of then-owner Art Modell a year later. Eight Ravens players have been inducted since, the most recent being Ed Reed in 2015. Bold numbers indicate jersey numbers not in\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17671218\",\n \"text\": \"Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor The Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor is a display encircling the field of M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, honoring former players and personnel who have made outstanding contributions to the Baltimore Ravens and Baltimore Colts football organizations. The Ring of Honor began in 2000, with the induction of Earnest Byner. In 2002, eight former Baltimore Colts players were added, followed by the induction of then-owner Art Modell a year later. Eight Ravens players have been inducted since, the most recent being Ed Reed in 2015. Bold numbers indicate jersey numbers not in circulation. <br>\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19122687\",\n \"text\": \"the division with the Steelers' loss to the Eagles. The Ravens stayed at home for a matchup against the Raiders who never won at Baltimore. Unfortunately the Ravens could not hold on to the lead after Derek Carr found Michael Crabtree in the end zone near the end of the game. Baltimore began driving down the field but the drive stalled allowing the Raiders to win at Baltimore for the first time in history dropping the Ravens 3–1. With the Steelers win, the Ravens dropped to second place in the AFC North After a dismal loss to the Redskins in\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864568\",\n \"text\": \"AFC North. The Ravens ended the regular season with a franchise-best 13–3 record. Still considered one of the better teams in the NFL, and a Super Bowl favorite by some the Ravens had secured the AFC North title, the #2 AFC playoff seed, and clinched a 1st-round bye. The Ravens were slated to face the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the playoffs, in the first meeting of the two teams in the playoffs. Many Baltimore and Indianapolis fans saw this historic meeting as a sort of \\\"Judgment Day\\\" with the new team of Baltimore facing the old team\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17736721\",\n \"text\": \"2014 Baltimore Ravens season The 2014 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 19th season in the National Football League and the seventh under head coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens improved upon their 8-8 record from 2013, when they missed the playoffs for the first time since 2007. Additionally, the Ravens scored a franchise record 409 points and quarterback Joe Flacco passed for a career-high 27 touchdowns and 3,986 yards. The Ravens clinched the sixth seed in the AFC playoffs following their Week 17 win against the Browns. After winning the AFC Wild Card Game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Ravens\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18414177\",\n \"text\": \"the win, the Ravens improved to 5–10, and they swept the Steelers for the first time since their 2011 season. The Ravens suffered their fifth straight loss to the Bengals, this time led by second year quarterback AJ McCarron, who threw two touchdowns while Ravens starter Ryan Mallett was intercepted twice. The loss dropped the Ravens to 5–11, their worst record since their 2007 season. This was the final game for cornerback Tray Walker, as he died on March 18, 2016. 2015 Baltimore Ravens season The 2015 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 20th season in the National Football League\",\n \"title\": \"2015 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19122692\",\n \"text\": \"he immediately retired, ending his 16-year career. With the loss, the Ravens ended their season at 8-8. 2016 Baltimore Ravens season The 2016 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 21st season in the National Football League and the ninth under head coach John Harbaugh. With a week 12 win over the Cincinnati Bengals, the Ravens improved upon their 5–11 record from 2015, finishing the season 8–8. Despite the improvement, the Ravens failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive year after losing to the Steelers in Week 16. It was the first time the Ravens missed the playoffs in\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8721431\",\n \"text\": \"improved on its small lead with Vinatieri getting a 48-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, Baltimore would manage to get a 51-yard field goal, yet Vinatieri helped the Colts get the win with a 35-yard field goal. QB Steve McNair was 18 of 29 for 173 yards with no touchdowns and 2 interceptions. Overall, the Ravens lost four turnovers during the game. With the loss, Baltimore ended its season with an overall record of 13–4. 2006 Baltimore Ravens season The 2006 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 11th season in the National Football League, it would begin with the\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44533\",\n \"text\": \"present. They helped campaign for football to return to Baltimore after the Colts moved. Because they stayed in Baltimore after the Colts left, the band is nicknamed \\\"the band that would not die\\\" and were the subject of an episode of ESPN's \\\"30 for 30\\\". The Washington Redskins are the only other NFL team that currently has a marching band. Note: The following lists players who officially played for the Ravens. For other Hall of Famers, players whose numbers were retired, and players who played for the Baltimore Colts, see Indianapolis Colts. Bold number notes player inducted as a Raven.\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44474\",\n \"text\": \"Ravens won the game 20–17. Quarterback Vinny Testaverde left for the New York Jets before the 1998 season, and was replaced by former Indianapolis Colt Jim Harbaugh, and later Eric Zeier. Cornerback Rod Woodson joined the team after a successful stint with the Pittsburgh Steelers, and Priest Holmes started getting the first playing time of his career and ran for 1,000 yards. The Ravens finished 1998 with a 6–10 record. On November 29, the Ravens welcomed the Colts back to Baltimore for the first time in 15 years. Amidst a shower of negative cheers towards the Colts, the Ravens, with\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44504\",\n \"text\": \"Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Celebrity news website TMZ posted a video of Rice dragging Palmer's body out of an elevator after apparently knocking her out. For the incident, Rice was initially suspended for the first two games of the 2014 NFL season on July 25, 2014, which led to widespread criticism of the NFL. In Week 1, on September 7, the Baltimore Ravens lost to the Cincinnati Bengals, 23-16. The next day, on September 8, 2014, TMZ released additional footage from an elevator camera showing Rice punching Palmer. The Baltimore Ravens terminated Rice's contract as a result, and\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44534\",\n \"text\": \"For Cleveland Browns players, including those in the Hall of Fame and those whose numbers were retired, see Cleveland Browns. The Ravens do not officially have retired numbers. However, the number 19 has not been issued out of respect for Baltimore Colts quarterback Johnny Unitas, except for quarterback Scott Mitchell in his lone season in Baltimore in 1999. In addition, numbers 75, 52, and 20, in honor of Jonathan Ogden, Ray Lewis, and Ed Reed respectively, have not been issued since those players' retirements from football. The Ravens have a \\\"Ring of Honor\\\" which is on permanent display encircling the\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16977093\",\n \"text\": \"assuring the NFL of a new Super Bowl Champion for the ninth straight year. The Ravens finished the season with a record of 8–8. This was also the last NFL game for running back Ray Rice as he was indefinitely suspended by the NFL and released by Ravens the following season. 2013 Baltimore Ravens season The 2013 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 18th season in the National Football League and the sixth under head coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens entered the season as the defending Super Bowl champions from the previous year, but failed to improve on their 10–6\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20474802\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Baltimore Ravens season The 2018 season is the Baltimore Ravens' 23rd season in the National Football League and their 11th under head coach John Harbaugh. On October 14, 2018, the Ravens set a franchise record, sacking Titans quarterback Marcus Mariota 11 times in a 21–0 Week 6 win against the Tennessee Titans. Draft trades On February 13, the NFL announced that the Ravens will play the Chicago Bears in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game on Thursday, August 2, at the Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium in Canton, Ohio. The remainder of the Ravens' preseason opponents and\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20474803\",\n \"text\": \"schedule were announced on April 11, 2018. The Ravens' 2018 schedule was announced on April 19. Notes 2018 Baltimore Ravens season The 2018 season is the Baltimore Ravens' 23rd season in the National Football League and their 11th under head coach John Harbaugh. On October 14, 2018, the Ravens set a franchise record, sacking Titans quarterback Marcus Mariota 11 times in a 21–0 Week 6 win against the Tennessee Titans. Draft trades On February 13, the NFL announced that the Ravens will play the Chicago Bears in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game on Thursday, August 2, at the\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11796549\",\n \"text\": \"1996 Baltimore Ravens season The 1996 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's inaugural season in the National Football League (NFL). They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore remained without an NFL football franchise for 12 years after the Baltimore Colts relocated to Indianapolis, Indiana. In 1996, however, the NFL approved Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell's proposal to relocate the franchise to Baltimore, although the records and name of the Browns would remain in Cleveland, Ohio and the Baltimore franchise would officially be an expansion franchise. After Modell established the franchise in Baltimore, the team was\",\n \"title\": \"1996 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44481\",\n \"text\": \"day of training camp and poor offensive performances stymied the team. After a 3–3 start, the Ravens defeated the Minnesota Vikings in the final week to clinch a wild card berth at 10–6. In the first round the Ravens showed flashes of their previous year with a 20–3 win over the Miami Dolphins, in which the team forced three turnovers and out-gained the Dolphins 347 yards to 151. In the divisional playoff the Ravens played the Pittsburgh Steelers. Three interceptions by Grbac ended the Ravens' season, as they lost 27–10. Baltimore ran into salary cap problems entering the 2002 season\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19122684\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Baltimore Ravens season The 2016 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 21st season in the National Football League and the ninth under head coach John Harbaugh. With a week 12 win over the Cincinnati Bengals, the Ravens improved upon their 5–11 record from 2015, finishing the season 8–8. Despite the improvement, the Ravens failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive year after losing to the Steelers in Week 16. It was the first time the Ravens missed the playoffs in consecutive seasons since 2004–2005, and their first consecutive non-winning seasons since 1996–1999. They did, however, improve their\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8721396\",\n \"text\": \"2006 Baltimore Ravens season The 2006 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 11th season in the National Football League, it would begin with the team trying to improve on their 6–10 record in 2005. The Ravens, for the first time in franchise history, started 4–0. The Ravens ended the regular season with a franchise record thirteen wins. The Ravens clinched the AFC North title and a 1st-round playoff bye. Their season ended with a tough loss to the 12–4 Indianapolis Colts in the divisional playoff game. The Colts would go on to defeat the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI.\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17736723\",\n \"text\": \"only AFC North team to defeat all of their NFC South opponents With the win, the Ravens finished the season 10-6. The team also improved to 13-1 against the Browns in the Flacco-Harbaugh era. 2014 Baltimore Ravens season The 2014 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 19th season in the National Football League and the seventh under head coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens improved upon their 8-8 record from 2013, when they missed the playoffs for the first time since 2007. Additionally, the Ravens scored a franchise record 409 points and quarterback Joe Flacco passed for a career-high 27 touchdowns\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44501\",\n \"text\": \"in the game, 34–29, the 49ers advanced to the Baltimore 7-yard line just before the two-minute warning but turned the ball over on downs. The Ravens then took an intentional safety in the waning moments of the game to preserve the victory. Baltimore quarterback Joe Flacco, who completed 22 of 33 passes for 287 yards and three touchdowns, was named Super Bowl MVP. Coming off as the defending Super Bowl champions, this was the first year in franchise history for the team without Ray Lewis. The Ravens started out 3-2, and started the 2-0 Houston Texans 14-loss streak by shutting\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12321885\",\n \"text\": \"2003 Baltimore Ravens season The 2003 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's eighth season in the NFL. They improved upon their previous output of 7–9, instead winning 10 games and making a playoff appearance. One notable moment from the season came in week 2, when Jamal Lewis rushed 295 yards against the Cleveland Browns, setting the NFL record for most rushing yards in a single game. In week 12 against the Seattle Seahawks, Baltimore fought a 41–24 deficit to win 44–41. The game was named to NFL Top 10 as #9 on \\\"Top Ten Comebacks\\\". The Ravens season ended quickly,\",\n \"title\": \"2003 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12007791\",\n \"text\": \"that he had created the Ravens’ logo—a “B” inside a winged shield—that had been used from 1996 to 1998. Bouchat sued the team for $10 million, and a judge upheld a jury's verdict supporting the claim. The team's new logo—the profile of a raven's head with the letter \\\"B\\\"—was voted on by 7,000 fans in a \\\"Baltimore Sun\\\" poll. The updated logo remains in use by the team. 1999 Baltimore Ravens season The 1999 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's fourth year in the National Football League (NFL). The team won 8 games and lost 8 games, missing the playoffs.\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14198489\",\n \"text\": \"2010 Baltimore Ravens season The 2010 Baltimore Ravens season was the 15th for the team in the National Football League (NFL) and city of Baltimore, Maryland, and the 13th to host home games at M&T Bank Stadium. They played in the NFL's American Football Conference (AFC) North Division. The franchise improved from their 9–7 record from their previous season, with a 12–4 record, but lost to their division rival and eventual AFC Champion Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round of the 2010–11 NFL playoffs. Because the Ravens made an appearance in the 2009–10 playoffs, they will be able to sign\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14198528\",\n \"text\": \"season came to an end with an overall record of 13–5. 2010 Baltimore Ravens season The 2010 Baltimore Ravens season was the 15th for the team in the National Football League (NFL) and city of Baltimore, Maryland, and the 13th to host home games at M&T Bank Stadium. They played in the NFL's American Football Conference (AFC) North Division. The franchise improved from their 9–7 record from their previous season, with a 12–4 record, but lost to their division rival and eventual AFC Champion Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round of the 2010–11 NFL playoffs. Because the Ravens made an\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11796550\",\n \"text\": \"named the \\\"Baltimore Ravens\\\" via a poll conducted by the Baltimore Sun as the team was assigned to play in the American Football Conference (AFC) Central Division; afterwards, over 50,000 tickets were sold for the entire season. The Ravens would finish their first season with a 4–12 record under coach Ted Marchibroda, who coached the Colts before and after they relocated and has a 41–33 regular season record in Baltimore. At the Ravens' first-ever regular season game, a record attendance of 64,124 was present in their win against the Oakland Raiders, 19–14, on September 1 at home. Their second victory\",\n \"title\": \"1996 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864565\",\n \"text\": \"trailed for the rest of the game, ultimately losing 20–16. The Ravens ended their season 6–10. Despite having the same regular season record as the Cleveland Browns, the Ravens were technically third in the AFC North, since they beat the Browns on the division records tiebreaker: In the AFC North, the Ravens were 2–4, while the Browns were 1–5. The 2006 Baltimore Ravens season began with the team trying to improve on their 6–10 record in 2005. The Ravens, for the first time in franchise history, started 4–0 under the surprising leadership of former Titans quarterback Steve McNair. With miracle\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864614\",\n \"text\": \"a tough fought game, the Baltimore Ravens won 23–21 with a game-winning 32-yard field goal by Justin Tucker as time expired. On September 28, the Ravens hosted the Carolina Panthers, and in a fabulous offensive performance, defeated the Carolina Panthers 38–10; with this victory the Ravens have defeated every visiting franchise at least once at home (and at M&T Bank Stadium). The very next week, the Ravens traveled to Indianapolis to play the Colts in Week 5. However, three turnovers and QB Joe Flacco being sacked four times resulted in a 20–13 loss, breaking the 3–2 Ravens win streak. In\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11379832\",\n \"text\": \"2008 Baltimore Ravens season The 2008 Baltimore Ravens season was the 13th season for the team in the NFL. Despite having one of the toughest schedules in the NFL, the Ravens completed a major turnaround from the 2007 season, finishing the season with an 11–5 record and a playoff berth. They defeated the Miami Dolphins in the Wild Card round of the playoffs, and then in the divisional round they defeated the Tennessee Titans, who had compiled the best record in the AFC over the regular season. However, in the AFC championship game, the Ravens' season came to an end\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9915301\",\n \"text\": \"2007 Baltimore Ravens season The 2007 Baltimore Ravens season was the 12th season for the team in the National Football League. They entered the season hoping to improve on their 13–3 record from 2006, but finished the season with a 5–11 record and missed the playoffs. Head coach Brian Billick entered his ninth and final year with the Ravens, as he was fired at the end of the season. He was joined by offensive coordinator Rick Neuheisel and defensive coordinator Rex Ryan. During the offseason the Ravens cut Jamal Lewis, with the intent of re-signing him at a lower salary.\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11379880\",\n \"text\": \"record of 13–6. McGahee, near the end of the fourth quarter, was in a vicious collision with Pittsburgh safety Ryan Clark. He was conscious, yet had to be carted off the field, due to some neck pains. On January 19, 2009, the Ravens released news that McGahee is expected to make a full recovery. 2008 Baltimore Ravens season The 2008 Baltimore Ravens season was the 13th season for the team in the NFL. Despite having one of the toughest schedules in the NFL, the Ravens completed a major turnaround from the 2007 season, finishing the season with an 11–5 record\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12844734\",\n \"text\": \"2009 Baltimore Ravens season The 2009 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 14th season as a team in the National Football League (NFL). The franchise entered the season off an 11–5 record in their previous season, a playoff berth, but a loss in the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship game against the eventual Super Bowl XLIII champions, the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Ravens recorded nine victories to seven losses, although they were unable to win the AFC North division title. However, due to various playoff clinching scenarios in the AFC, the Ravens were able to clinch a wild card playoff berth\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12007790\",\n \"text\": \"1999 Baltimore Ravens season The 1999 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's fourth year in the National Football League (NFL). The team won 8 games and lost 8 games, missing the playoffs. Then they played tough against the top division rival Jacksonville Jaguars and then trounced the eventual AFC Champion Tennessee Titans and finish the season strong with an 8–8 record. This is also Brian Billick's first season as head coach of the Ravens after Ted Marchibroda retired after the 1998 season. The Ravens were forced to switch their helmet logo for the 1999 season. Security guard Frederick Bouchat contended\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10287757\",\n \"text\": \"team. 2000 Baltimore Ravens season The 2000 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's fifth season in the National Football League (NFL) and the second under head coach Brian Billick. The Ravens concluded their season with a 12–4 record, thus finishing in second place in the AFC Central, earning them a spot in the playoffs as a wild card team. The Ravens won three straight games in the 2000 AFC playoffs, culminating in a trip to Tampa, Florida for Super Bowl XXXV, where they defeated the New York Giants, 34–7. The team's defense, which set a league record for fewest points\",\n \"title\": \"2000 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10287729\",\n \"text\": \"2000 Baltimore Ravens season The 2000 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's fifth season in the National Football League (NFL) and the second under head coach Brian Billick. The Ravens concluded their season with a 12–4 record, thus finishing in second place in the AFC Central, earning them a spot in the playoffs as a wild card team. The Ravens won three straight games in the 2000 AFC playoffs, culminating in a trip to Tampa, Florida for Super Bowl XXXV, where they defeated the New York Giants, 34–7. The team's defense, which set a league record for fewest points allowed\",\n \"title\": \"2000 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11822907\",\n \"text\": \"20–3 in the Wild Card Round, but were unable to stop the 13–3 Pittsburgh Steelers, in the next round, due to a series of turnovers and penalties. 2001 Baltimore Ravens season The 2001 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise’s sixth season in the National Football League (NFL) and the third under head coach Brian Billick. Fresh off their victory trip from Super Bowl XXXV, bad news struck the 2001 Ravens as running back Jamal Lewis suffered a knee injury in training camp and would miss the entire season. This weakened the Ravens’ running game and defense, and they also failed\",\n \"title\": \"2001 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11822906\",\n \"text\": \"2001 Baltimore Ravens season The 2001 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise’s sixth season in the National Football League (NFL) and the third under head coach Brian Billick. Fresh off their victory trip from Super Bowl XXXV, bad news struck the 2001 Ravens as running back Jamal Lewis suffered a knee injury in training camp and would miss the entire season. This weakened the Ravens’ running game and defense, and they also failed to equal their 12–4 record from 2000, instead going 10–6 but eventually reaching the postseason for the second consecutive year. They easily shut down the Miami Dolphins,\",\n \"title\": \"2001 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11379838\",\n \"text\": \"17, 2008 from the NFL. McNair had played a combined 13 seasons with the Ravens and Titans. After being voted to 11 Pro Bowls in 12 seasons, (but only playing in 10 due to a hyperextended big toe) veteran left tackle and the first ever draft selection by the newly created Baltimore Ravens franchise in 1996, Jonathan Ogden announced his retirement on June 12, 2008. The Baltimore Ravens had nine selections going into the 2008 NFL Draft, including four compensatory selections. The Ravens traded the eighth overall pick to the Jaguars for Jacksonville's first-round choice (26th overall) as well as\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12844736\",\n \"text\": \"Bart Scott and safety Jim Leonhard, both of whom left Baltimore to follow Rex Ryan to New York, and longtime placekicker Matt Stover. On March 5, 2009, Stover told reporters that the Ravens were \\\"going in a different direction\\\". When Stover's tenure ended with the Ravens, the team severed ties with one of its two remaining players from the Ravens' first season in 1996; the other being Ray Lewis. The Baltimore Ravens had six selections going into the 2009 NFL Draft, which was held in Radio City Music Hall in New York City, New York on April 25 and April\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14198493\",\n \"text\": \"half, the Ravens led 7–6. The Ravens extended their lead in the third quarter when kicker Billy Cundiff got a 25-yard field goal. The Jets cut the lead in the fourth quarter when Folk kicked a field goal from 48 yards, making the score 10–9. The Ravens' defense managed to prevent any further progress and allowed them to take the win. With the close win, Baltimore began the season at 1–0. Hoping to maintain their winning streak the Ravens flew to Paul Brown Stadium for an AFC North rivalry match against the Bengals. In the 2nd quarter Baltimore trailed early\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14198512\",\n \"text\": \"to the Ravens' 9-yard line. Two plays later, quarterback Ben Roethlisberger completed a 9-yard touchdown pass to running back Isaac Redman. Baltimore tried to rally, but the Steelers' defense held on to preserve the win. With the loss, the Ravens fell to 8–4. Hoping to rebound from their loss to the Steelers, the Ravens flew to Reliant Stadium for a Week 14 Monday night duel with the Houston Texans. Baltimore delivered the game's opening strike with a 1-yard touchdown run from running back Willis McGahee. The Ravens added onto their lead in the second quarter as quarterback Joe Flacco found\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11379853\",\n \"text\": \"7-yard TD pass to WR Davone Bess. Fortunately for the Ravens, in the fourth quarter, the Ravens scored on a 5-yard TD run by RB Willis McGahee. With the win, Baltimore improved to 3–3. Coming off their road win over the Dolphins, the Ravens went home for a Week 8 duel with the Oakland Raiders. In the first quarter, Baltimore rookie LB Jameel McClain sacked Raiders quarterback JaMarcus Russell in his own endzone for a safety. In the second quarter, the Ravens increased their lead with a 1-yard TD run by RB Willis McGahee, a 70-yard TD pass to WR\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12844770\",\n \"text\": \"The Ravens would respond with kicker Billy Cundiff making a 25-yard field goal. However, the Colts rebounded in the second quarter as quarterback Peyton Manning completed a 10-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Austin Collie and a 3-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Reggie Wayne. Following a scoreless third quarter, Baltimore's deficit increased in the fourth quarter as Stover gave Indianapolis a 33-yard field goal. With the loss, the Ravens' season ended with an overall record of 10–8. 2009 Baltimore Ravens season The 2009 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 14th season as a team in the National Football League\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864585\",\n \"text\": \"the Ravens acquired fullback Vonta Leach, wide receiver Lee Evans, safety Bernard Pollard, and running back Ricky Williams. During the pre season, the Baltimore Ravens signed Left tackle Bryant McKinnie from the Minnesota Vikings. On top of that the Ravens signed Pro bowl center Andre Gurode from the Dallas Cowboys. With the new signings, there was a reshuffle within the Offensive line. The signing of McKinnie forced Michael Oher over to the Right Tackle position, which in turn allowed Marshall Yanda to revert to his natural Right Guard position. The Ravens finished their pre season 3–1, with a loss to\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864616\",\n \"text\": \"to Steve Smith that seemingly won the game. However, Smith was controversially called for offensive pass interference on Bengals safety George Iloka, who looked to have flopped, that negated the touchdown. The Ravens ended up losing 27–24 and being swept by the Bengals for the first time since 2009. The next week, the Ravens traveled to Pittsburgh for another key division match. Two unfortunate turnovers led to an offensive surge by the Steelers and Ben Roethlisberger throwing six touchdowns on an injury riddled Baltimore secondary, humbling the Ravens 43–23. Afterwards, the Ravens made some changes to their secondary, cutting cornerbacks\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864579\",\n \"text\": \"17–15, failing to score a single touchdown. Cundiff went 5 for 6 on field goals, scoring the Ravens only points. Joe Flacco threw a late interception and after Ed Reed's fumbled attempt to lateral on a punt return, Peyton Manning kneeled to seal the Colts' seventh consecutive victory against Baltimore. With this loss, the Ravens record stood at 5–5, ranking third in the AFC North. The Ravens then beat the Steelers, who were playing without quarterback Ben Roethlisberger with an overtime field goal on \\\"Sunday Night Football\\\". The next week, however, the Ravens lost to the Green Bay Packers on\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864550\",\n \"text\": \"would be for the rest of the season. The thousand yard rushing season by rookie running back Jamal Lewis combined with the stout Ravens defense kept Baltimore competitive in games even when the offense struggled. At one point in the season the team played five consecutive games without scoring an offensive touchdown but still managed two wins during that stretch. The team regrouped and won each of their last seven games, finishing 12–4. The Ravens had made the playoffs for the first time. Since the divisional rival Tennessee Titans had a record of 13–3, Baltimore had to play in the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864567\",\n \"text\": \"the influence of their winning streak, the Ravens sought a sweep of the AFC North division in a rematch against the Bengals late in the season. Baltimore was unable to produce offensively enough to overcome a team led by their own former defensive coordinator Marvin Lewis. The loss ended Baltimore's hopes of a division sweep. Still ranked second overall to the first-place San Diego, Baltimore continued. They slowed down the surging Chiefs, continued dominance over rival Cleveland, and held the defending Super Bowl champion Pittsburgh Steelers to only one touchdown at Heinz Field, allowing the Ravens to still clinch the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44485\",\n \"text\": \"the only team to defeat the 15–1 Pittsburgh Steelers in the regular season. In the 2005 offseason the Ravens looked to augment their receiving corps (which was second-worst in the NFL in 2004) by signing Derrick Mason from the Titans and drafting star Oklahoma wide receiver Mark Clayton in the first round of the 2005 NFL Draft. However, the Ravens ended their season 6–10, but defeated the Green Bay Packers 48–3 on Monday Night Football and the Super Bowl champion Steelers. The 2006 Baltimore Ravens season began with the team trying to improve on their 6–10 record of 2005. The\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44500\",\n \"text\": \"their 2nd AFC championship by coming back from a 13-7 halftime deficit to defeat the New England Patriots once again, 28-13. The Ravens played the Super Bowl XLVII on February 3, 2013, against the San Francisco 49ers. Baltimore built a 28–6 lead early in the third quarter before a partial power outage in the Superdome suspended play for 34 minutes (earning the game the added nickname of the Blackout Bowl). After play resumed, San Francisco scored 17 unanswered third-quarter points to cut the Ravens' lead, 28–23, and continued to chip away in the fourth quarter. With the Ravens leading late\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44494\",\n \"text\": \"from the playoffs by Pittsburgh in a hard-fought battle. The Ravens hosted their arch-enemy in Week 1 of the 2011 season. On a hot, humid day in M&T Bank Stadium, crowd noise and multiple Steelers mistakes allowed Baltimore to crush them with three touchdowns 35–7. The frustrated Pittsburgh players also committed several costly penalties. Thus, the Ravens had gained their first ever victory over the Steelers with Ben Roethlisberger playing and avenged themselves of repeated regular and postseason losses in the series. But in Week 2, the Ravens collapsed in Tennessee and lost 26–13. They rebounded by routing the Rams\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"44486\",\n \"text\": \"Ravens, for the first time in franchise history, started 4–0, under the leadership of former Titans quarterback Steve McNair. The Ravens lost two straight games mid-season on offensive troubles, prompting coach Billick to drop their offensive coordinator Jim Fassel in their week seven bye. After the bye, and with Billick calling the offense, Baltimore would record a five-game win streak before losing to the Cincinnati Bengals in week 13. Still ranked second overall to first-place San Diego Chargers, the Ravens continued on. They defeated the Kansas City Chiefs, and held the defending Super Bowl champion Pittsburgh Steelers to only one\",\n \"title\": \"Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864575\",\n \"text\": \"scored 38 points and accounted for over 500 yards in a 38–24 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs. In week 2, the Ravens defeated the San Diego Chargers 31–26. Although the Ravens secondary struggled, Ray Lewis made a crucial tackle on fourth down of the Chargers' final drive to seal the Baltimore win. In week 3, the Ravens defeated the Cleveland Browns in a 34–3 blowout while celebrating Derrick Mason's 800th pass reception in his career. In week 4, the Ravens lost in heartbreak fashion to the New England Patriots, 27–21, with their final drive ending with a dropped pass\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16977083\",\n \"text\": \"2013 Baltimore Ravens season The 2013 Baltimore Ravens season was the franchise's 18th season in the National Football League and the sixth under head coach John Harbaugh. The Ravens entered the season as the defending Super Bowl champions from the previous year, but failed to improve on their 10–6 record from 2012, and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2007. For the first time in franchise history, Ray Lewis was not on the roster, as he announced his retirement before the playoffs began the year prior. He retired as a champion of Super Bowl XLVII and was the\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19820211\",\n \"text\": \"by a defensive pass interference call, in which the drive ended with a go-ahead Bengals touchdown. After a 4th down Flacco pass to Wallace that failed to convert into a 1st down, the Ravens turned over the ball and lost to the Bengals. This loss would be significant because in addition to eliminating them from the playoffs, it allowed the Buffalo Bills to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1999 season. 2017 Baltimore Ravens season The 2017 season was the Baltimore Ravens' 22nd in the National Football League and their 10th under head coach John Harbaugh. This\",\n \"title\": \"2017 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11379847\",\n \"text\": \"the Pittsburgh Steelers losing 15 – 6 to the Philadelphia Eagles, the Ravens not only improve to 2–0; they now lead the AFC North after 3 weeks. Coming off their home win over the Browns, the Ravens flew to Heinz Field for their first road game of the year, as they played a Week 4 MNF duel with the throwback-clad Pittsburgh Steelers. In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early as Steelers kicker Jeff Reed got a 49-yard field goal. The Ravens responded with kicker Matt Stover getting a 33-yard field goal. Baltimore gained the lead in the second quarter as\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16181102\",\n \"text\": \"2012 Baltimore Ravens season The 2012 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's 17th season in the National Football League. While the Ravens failed to improve on their 12–4 record from 2011, they did still manage to clinch the AFC North division title in Week 16 and finish the regular season with a 10–6 record, sending them to their fifth straight playoffs, where they advanced to the AFC Championship Game for the second consecutive season, and then to the Super Bowl for the first time since 2000. They won their second Super Bowl victory, 34–31 against the San Francisco 49ers. It\",\n \"title\": \"2012 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12355245\",\n \"text\": \"Apart from their AFC North division games, the Ravens played against the AFC South and NFC South according to the NFL’s new conference rotation, and played the Broncos and Dolphins based on 2001 standings with respect to the newly aligned divisions. 2002 Baltimore Ravens season The 2002 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's seventh season in the National Football League (NFL). They were unable to improve upon their previous output of 10–6, instead winning only seven games and missing the playoffs for the first time in three years. Baltimore’s defense took a significant step back from its normally high level\",\n \"title\": \"2002 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11379843\",\n \"text\": \"half. In the third quarter, Baltimore responded with rookie quarterback Joe Flacco scoring on a 38-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, Cincinnati tried to rally as CB Johnathan Joseph returned a fumble 65 yards for a touchdown. Ultimately, the Ravens defense stopped a potential Bengals scoring drive on fourth down late in the fourth quarter and won the game. With the win, the Ravens began their season at 1–0. Joe Flacco in his rookie debut, completed 15 of 29 passes for 129 yards (along with a touchdown run). The Houston Texans – Baltimore Ravens game was postponed from September\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10287745\",\n \"text\": \"half, with two field goals of their own by Matt Stover; however, with a touchdown pass from Jay Fiedler to Lamar Smith and a rushing touchdown from the latter player, the Dolphins overcame Baltimore 19–6. In a game where the Ravens got just above 250 yards of total offense, Baltimore ultimately fell to a 2–1 record. In an attempt to redeem their road lost to the Dolphins, the Ravens faced division rivals Cincinnati Bengals. In a complete shut out, the Ravens gained a near 400 yards (391 yards exact) in a game where the defense shut down the Bengals for\",\n \"title\": \"2000 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12289306\",\n \"text\": \"2004 Baltimore Ravens season The 2004 Baltimore Ravens season was the team's ninth season in the NFL. They were unable to improve upon their previous output of 10–6 and a playoff appearance, instead going 9–7 and missing the playoffs. The 2004 season was the subject of the John Feinstein non-fiction book \\\"Next Man Up\\\"; the result of Feinstein spending the season behind the scenes with the team. In the off-season, then-37-year-old Deion Sanders surprised the sports world when he announced that he was coming out of retirement to play for the Ravens. Meanwhile, Jamal Lewis, who was coming off a\",\n \"title\": \"2004 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8721430\",\n \"text\": \"interception return and TD by Chris McAlister. The Ravens ended the game in the 4th quarter by a 28-yard FG by Matt Stover. \\\"at M&T Bank Stadium, Baltimore, Maryland Coming off their bye week, the second-seeded Ravens began their playoff hunt at home against the third-seeded Indianapolis Colts. In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early with kicker Adam Vinatieri getting a 23-yard and a 42-yard field goal. In the second quarter, the Ravens managed to score as kicker Matt Stover nailed a 40-yard field goal, yet Vinatieri would respond with a 51-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Colts\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14198514\",\n \"text\": \"pass to Jones. In overtime, the Ravens got the win as cornerback Josh Wilson returned a 12-yard interception for a touchdown. With the win, Baltimore improved to 9–4. Hoping to beat the defending Super Bowl champs, the Ravens returned home. New Orleans struck first with an 18-yard pass from Drew Brees to Jimmy Graham, but Baltimore quickly answered with Flacco throwing a 34-yard pass to Ed Dickson. The Ravens then followed with two touchdowns, both by Ray Rice, one rushing (10 yards) and one passing (17 yards), to bring the score up 21–7. At the close of the half, the\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14198494\",\n \"text\": \"as kicker Mike Nugent hit a 36 and a 30-yard field goal. In the third quarter the Ravens replied and took the lead with QB Joe Flacco completing a 31-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason. The Bengals replied when Nugent hit a 46-yard field goal. The Ravens took the lead back in the fourth quarter when kicker Billy Cundiff got a 38-yard field goal, but it was cut off by Nugent's 38 and 25-yard field goal, giving Baltimore a loss. With the loss, Baltimore fell to 1–1. The Ravens' next match was an AFC North rivalry match against the\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9915336\",\n \"text\": \"season on a high note, the Ravens went home for a Week 17 AFC North rematch with the season’s AFC North champion Pittsburgh Steelers. In the first quarter, Baltimore took flight as RB Musa Smith got a 2-yard TD run, along with kicker Matt Stover getting a 28-yard field goal. In the second quarter, the Ravens increased their lead as RB Cory Ross got a 32-yard TD run. The Steelers responded with RB Najeh Davenport getting a 1-yard TD run. Baltimore ended the half with Stover nailing a 31-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Ravens continued to lead\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9915310\",\n \"text\": \"to show some fight within them as Nugent kicked a 21-yard field goal, while Clemens completed a 3-yard TD pass to TE Chris Baker. The Ravens’ defense held its ground and LB Ray Lewis managed to get the game-winning interception. With the win, not only did Baltimore improve to 1–1, but it made the Ravens 4–0 against the Jets while under Head Coach Brian Billick. After their win over the Jets, the Ravens stayed at home for a Week 3 interconference fight with the Arizona Cardinals. In the first quarter, Baltimore took flight first with kicker Matt Stover getting a\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9915328\",\n \"text\": \"that the Ravens had lost five straight games. Trying to snap a five-game losing skid, the Ravens went home for a Week 13 Monday Night intra conference duel with the New England Patriots, who were undefeated at 11–0. In the first quarter, Baltimore trailed early as Patriots kicker Stephen Gostkowski made a 21-yard field goal. Afterwards, the Ravens took the lead with QB Kyle Boller completing a 4-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason. In the second quarter, Baltimore increased its lead with kicker Matt Stover getting a 29-yard field goal. Later, New England tied the game prior to halftime\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8721416\",\n \"text\": \"Colston for a 25-yard touchdown catch. A 2-point conversion was made to make it 35–22. New Orleans went for an onside kick but it failed so the Baltimore Ravens won by the score of 35–22. With the win, the Ravens advanced to 5–2 and 2–1 against NFC Opponents. Jamal Lewis ran for 109 yards on 31 attempts. Steve McNair ran for 23 yards on 5 carries and completed 17 passes out of 23 for 159 yards. \\\"at M&T Bank Stadium, Baltimore, Maryland Riding high from their road win over the Saints, the Ravens returned home for an AFC North showdown\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18414172\",\n \"text\": \"back and forth game, despite a poor showing from the defense, on a game-winning field goal from Justin Tucker. They improved to 2–6, but are still in last place in the AFC North because of their week 5 loss to the Browns. Already missing Terrell Suggs for the season, the Ravens suffered another setback and this time Steve Smith, Sr. left the game with a ruptured Achilles tendon. The Ravens later announced that the injury will keep him out for the rest of the season. No game. Baltimore had a bye week. The Ravens were on the cusp of victory\",\n \"title\": \"2015 Baltimore Ravens season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864586\",\n \"text\": \"the Philadelphia Eagles, and victories over the Washington Redskins, the Kansas City Chiefs, and the Atlanta Falcons. 2011 marked one of the most successful seasons in Baltimore Ravens franchise history. The Ravens started their campaign with a big 35–7 victory at home over their rivals the Pittsburgh Steelers. Other key victories included a 34–17 victory over the New York Jets in week three, a week six 29–14 victory over the Houston Texans, and a week nine win over the Steelers, this would be the first time since 2006 that the Ravens would sweep Pittsburgh in the AFC North division. The\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864560\",\n \"text\": \"and Ravens. Owens went to the Eagles, and the Ravens got back the pick they had traded to the 49ers, and were also granted a 5th round draft pick. Boller remained quarterback through the entire season. Ed Reed became a full-fledged star on defense, with nine interceptions. Reed was also named the NFL Defensive Player of the Year. He broke the NFL record for longest INT return, with a 106-yard return against the Cleveland Browns. Baltimore remained in playoff contention the entire season, but with a 9–7 record did not go to the playoffs. In the 2005 offseason the Ravens\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864613\",\n \"text\": \"next day, on September 8, 2014, TMZ released additional footage from an elevator camera showing Rice punching Palmer. The Baltimore Ravens terminated Rice's contract as a result, and was later indefinitely suspended by the NFL. Although starting out 0–1 for two straight seasons and having received unwanted media attention for the Ray Rice incident, on September 11, 2014, the Ravens rallied back and beat the Pittsburgh Steelers 26–6 on Thursday Night Football, to improve to 1–1 . On the Sunday after the Thursday night victory, the Ravens headed to Cleveland for a third straight division game with the Browns. In\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9864552\",\n \"text\": \"second quarter, followed by an injury to Raiders quarterback Rich Gannon, highlighted the Ravens' 16–3 victory. Baltimore then went to Tampa for Super Bowl XXXV where they met the New York Giants, cruising to a 34–7 win for their first championship in franchise history. The Ravens recorded four sacks, forced five turnovers, one of which was a Kerry Collins interception returned for a touchdown by Duane Starks. The Giants' only score was a Ron Dixon kickoff return for another touchdown (after Starks' interception return), making the 2000 Ravens the third Super Bowl team whose defense did not allow an opponent's\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Baltimore Ravens\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["purple","white","black","gold"],"string":"[\n \"purple\",\n \"white\",\n \"black\",\n \"gold\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":1799,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what country volvo cars made?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2373411","text":"Volvo sold Volvo Cars to the Ford Motor Company in 1999. Volvo Cars has been majority owned since 2010 by the Geely Holding Group. Both AB Volvo and Volvo Cars share the Volvo logo and cooperate in running the Volvo Museum. With approximately 2,300 local dealers from around 100 national sales companies worldwide, Volvo Cars' largest markets are China, the United States, Sweden, and the other countries in the European Union. Most of its worldwide employees are based in Sweden. In July 2017, Volvo announced that new models launched from 2019 will be fully electric or hybrid-electric, heralding the end","title":"Volvo Cars"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373411\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo sold Volvo Cars to the Ford Motor Company in 1999. Volvo Cars has been majority owned since 2010 by the Geely Holding Group. Both AB Volvo and Volvo Cars share the Volvo logo and cooperate in running the Volvo Museum. With approximately 2,300 local dealers from around 100 national sales companies worldwide, Volvo Cars' largest markets are China, the United States, Sweden, and the other countries in the European Union. Most of its worldwide employees are based in Sweden. In July 2017, Volvo announced that new models launched from 2019 will be fully electric or hybrid-electric, heralding the end\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2373428","text":"and financing of cars with self-driving systems. Such vehicles require a different type of steering and braking mechanism, as well as sensors. The CEO of Volvo Cars, Håkan Samuelsson, made this comment in an interview: \"We get support developing this car ... It’s also a big commercial deal.\" Also in 2017, Volvo announced a vehicle subscription offering called Care by Volvo, which offers the Volvo XC40 for a monthly payment that includes insurance and maintenance. Care by Volvo is offered in several European markets, such as Germany, the UK and Italy, as well as in the U.S. Volvo cars have","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373459","text":"side shirt sponsor. In 1990, Volvo Cars filed a lawsuit against Hong Kong-based Club Volvo night club for infringement in Hong Kong High Court. The lawsuit ended with settlement where the night club paid 1 dollar to Volvo Cars. Since then, Club Volvo had been renamed to Club Borubo (the Japanese pronunciation of \"Volvo\"), and then Club Bboss (reference to Big Boss). Volvo Cars Volvo Cars (), stylized as VOLVO, is a Swedish luxury vehicles company . It is headquartered on Torslanda in Gothenburg and is a subsidiary of Chinese automotive company Geely. The company manufactures and markets sport utility","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373429","text":"long been marketed and stressed their historic reputation for solidity and reliability. Prior to strong government safety regulation Volvo had been at the forefront of safety engineering. In 1944, laminated glass was introduced in the PV model. After Vattenfall engineers presented their pioneering work to Volvo in the 1950s, Volvo engineer Nils Bohlin invented and patented the modern three-point safety belt, which became standard on all Volvo cars in 1959, and then made this design patent open in the interest of safety and made it available to other car manufacturers for free. Additionally, Volvo developed the first rear-facing child seat","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373410","text":"Volvo Cars Volvo Cars (), stylized as VOLVO, is a Swedish luxury vehicles company . It is headquartered on Torslanda in Gothenburg and is a subsidiary of Chinese automotive company Geely. The company manufactures and markets sport utility vehicles, station wagons, sedans and compact executive sedans. The Volvo Group was founded in 1927 as a subsidiary of the ball bearing manufacturer SKF. When AB Volvo was introduced on the Stockholm stock exchange in 1935, SKF sold most of the shares in the company. The heavy truck and construction equipment conglomerate AB Volvo and Volvo Cars have been independent since AB","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373447","text":"by the ZF Friedrichshafen company, but now the transmissions are co-developed with Aisin of Japan. Geartronic is Volvo Cars' name for its manumatic transmission. In 1959, Volvo had set up its own motorsport department. This led to Volvo enjoying worldwide success in the motorsport arena throughout the early 1960s. In 1961, Gran Premio de Argentina Gunnar Andersson was appointed Volvo's competition department manager, signing a number of drivers, including Carl-Magnus Skogh, Tom Trana and Ewy Rosqvist, though he himself still continued to compete in rallies. In 1964, Volvo made heavy investments in the Safari Rally, entering four Volvo PV544s in","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373414","text":"the Swedish climate and terrain. In the registration application for Volvo logotype in 1927, they simply made a copy of the entire radiator for ÖV4, viewed from the front. Presented in 1944 the Volvo PV444 passenger car only entered production in 1947. It was the smallest Volvo yet and was to take the lion's share of Volvo production, as well as spearheading their move into the profitable American market. The first Volvos arrived in the United States in 1955, after hardware wholesaler Leo Hirsh began distributing cars in California. Later, Texas was added, and in 1956, Volvo themselves began importing","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373427","text":"all vehicles hybrid or electric powered. Between 2019 and 2021, Volvo plans to launch 3 electric cars under the Volvo brand and 2 more under the Polestar performance brand. Volvo was also a proponent of autonomous vehicles. On 20 November 2017, Uber announced that it planned to buy up to 24,000 Volvo cars designed to accept autonomous technology between 2019 and 2021. This non-binding intent includes a plan for Uber Advanced Technologies Group to design and build the self-driving system in the XC90 SUV vehicles. In 2016, the two companies had announced that they planned to collaborate on the design","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373418","text":"one of the biggest-selling cars in the UK market in the 1980s. 1986 marked a record year for Volvo in the US, with 113,267 cars sold. The appearance of Japanese brands like Acura and Lexus and the growing popularity of Subaru station wagons in subsequent years meant the loss of a significant market share for Volvo, one which they have never regained. In 1999, Volvo Group decided to sell its automobile manufacturing business in order to concentrate on commercial vehicles, and to buy a 5% stake in Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors (with which Volvo Group along with the Dutch government","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373421","text":"generation Volvo S80 and the new small premium crossover Volvo XC60. When the global economic crisis of 2008 threatened the US automakers, Swedish authorities became concerned about the fate of Volvo if Ford would file for bankruptcy. These concerns mounted after repeated mass-layoffs at Volvo. Ford announced in December 2008 that it was considering selling Volvo Cars. Initially, a sale price of US$6 billion was reported, Ford reported it was also looking into the possibility of spinning off Volvo as an independent company. The Swedish government was asked to look into a possible state ownership of Volvo, or a financial","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373420","text":"Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in March 2001. Volvo Car Corporation was part of Ford Motor Company's Premier Automotive Group (PAG), along with Jaguar, Aston Martin and Land Rover. While part of the PAG, the company grew in its range of vehicles significantly. After Ford sold Jaguar Land Rover to Tata Motors of India in 2008, the company initially decided to keep Volvo Cars despite mounting losses and gross economic downturns. Ford decided to restructure plans for Volvo Cars, pushing it further upmarket alongside the lower end of Mercedes and BMW sedans, wagons, and SUV crossovers. The outcome was the luxurious second","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373458","text":"take place between 2011 and 2012. Volvo has also had a long-standing commitment to the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) and is involved in the Volvo/ISAF World Youth Sailing Championships since 1997. In 2011, Volvo Cars is the main sponsor of the winter sports and music festival Snowbombing in Austria. In 2012, Volvo signed NBA star Jeremy Lin to an endorsement agreement for two years to participate in Volvo's corporate and marketing activities as a \"brand ambassador\" for Volvo Car Corp. In 2015, Volvo signed a deal with Chennaiyin FC, a football franchise team of the Indian Super League as a","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373440","text":"Volvo 360 only had four cylinders. Some 240GLT had a V6 engine. The company dropped the meaning of the final digit for later cars like the 740, but the digit continued to identify cars underhood on the identification plate. Today, the company uses a system of letters denoting body style followed by the series number. \"S\" stands for \"sedan\", \"C\" stands for \"coupé\" or \"convertible\" (including three-door hatchback AKA \"shooting brake\") and \"V\" stands for \"versatile\" (5-door hatchback and station wagon). \"XC\" stands for \"cross country\" originally added to a more rugged V70 model as the V70XC and indicates all","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373424","text":"2010, respectively. The deal closed on 2 August 2010 with Geely paying $1.3 billion cash and a $200 million note. Further payments are expected with a later price \"true-up\".<ref name = \"www.ford.com/about-ford/news-announcements\"></ref> It is the largest overseas acquisition by a Chinese automaker. Stefan Jacoby, formerly chief executive of Volkswagen of America, became Volvo Car Corporation's president and chief executive on 16 August 2010, replacing Stephen Odell, who became chief executive of Ford Europe. Li Shufu became Volvo Cars' chairman of the board. His board members include vice-chairman Hans-Olov Olsson, a former president and chief executive of Volvo Cars, and Håkan","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373438","text":"EuroNCAP tests. Since 2009, all the Volvo models that EuroNCAP have tested have received five-star safety ratings: Volvo C30, V40, V60, V60 plug-in hybrid, XC60 and V70. The second generation Volvo V40 got the best test result of any car model ever tested by EuroNCAP at the time. In 2017, Volvo achieved record sales for the fourth year in a row, with 571,000 cars sold. European sales figures are from the following countries: \"Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373423","text":"investing HK$2.59 billion (334 million USD) in the holding company. Ford Motor Company offered Volvo Cars for sale in December 2008, after suffering losses that year. On 28 October 2009, Ford confirmed that, after considering several offers, the preferred buyer of Volvo Cars was Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, the parent of Chinese motor manufacturer Geely Automobile. On 23 December 2009, Ford confirmed the terms of the sale to Geely had been settled. A definitive agreement was signed on 28 March 2010, for $1.8 billion. The European Commission and China's Ministry of Commerce approved the deal on 6 and 29 July","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373437","text":"2009 Top Safety Picks Award winners. The previous versions of the S40 and S60 models (2005–09 models with standard side airbags) failed to attain the highest rating in their side impact test. However, according to the IIHS, in recent years Volvo cars have still managed to maintain their high class safety ratings as seen in test results. The Volvo XC90, S80, C70, XC60, S60 and C30 are all rated Top Safety Picks in these crash tests. The 2014 models of the XC60, XC90, S60 and S80 have even received the Top Safety Pick+ rating. Volvo has also scored high in","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373419","text":"participated in a joint venture at the former DAF plant in Born, Netherlands since 1991). Ford saw advantages in acquiring a profitable prestige mid-size European automobile manufacturer, well renowned for its safety aspects, as an addition to its Premier Automotive Group. The buyout of Volvo Cars was announced on 28 January 1999, and in the following year the acquisition was completed at a price of US$6.45 billion. As a result of the divestiture, the Volvo trademark is now used by two separate companies: Volvo Group completed its 5% deal with Mitsubishi in November 1999, but sold its stake back to","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373417","text":"and blocked it. A deal to merge with Renault was blocked in 1993, mainly opposed by a Swedish stockholders' association. A collection of Volvo's most important historical vehicles are now housed in the Volvo Museum, which opened in a permanent location in Arendal at Hisingen on 30 May 1995. For several years, the collection had been housed at the Blue Hangar, at the then closed Torslanda Airport. In the early 1970s, Volvo acquired the passenger car division of the Dutch company DAF, and marketed their small cars as Volvos before releasing the Dutch-built Volvo 340, which went on to be","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373451","text":"Guia Race, part of the Macau Grand Prix in 1985, 1986 and 1987, winning in both 1985 and 1986. Volvo also saw success in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (German Touring Car Championship), with a 240 Turbo driven by Per Stureson winning the 1985 DTM. Volvo also entered the British Touring Car Championship in the 1990s with Tom Walkinshaw Racing. This partnership was responsible for the controversial 850 Estate racing cars, driven by Rickard Rydell and Jan Lammers and with a best qualifying placing of third and a best race finish of fifth, which was only rendered uncompetitive when the FIA","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373431","text":"start of the 1995 model year, side impact protection airbags were standard on high trim-level Volvo 850s, and optional on other 850s. By the middle of the production year, they were standard on all 850s. In model year 1995, SIPS airbags became standard on all Volvo models. In 1995, the Volvo 745 was recalled as the front seatbelt mounts could break in a collision. In 1998, Volvo installed a head-protecting airbag, which was made standard in all new models as well as some existing models. The IC head-protecting airbag was not available on the 1997 C70 since the initial design","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"443658","text":"10 August 1926. After one year of preparations involving the production of ten prototypes, the firm was ready to commence the car-manufacturing business within the SKF group. The Volvo Group itself considers it started in 1927, when the first car, a Volvo ÖV 4, rolled off the production line at the factory in Hisingen, Gothenburg. Only 280 cars were built that year. The first truck, the \"Series 1\", debuted in January 1928, as an immediate success and attracted attention outside the country. In 1930, Volvo sold 639 cars, and the export of trucks to Europe started soon after; the cars","title":"Volvo"},{"psg_id":"2373457","text":"trademark is now jointly owned (50/50) by Volvo Group and Volvo Car Corporation. One of the main promotional activities for the brand is the sailing Race Volvo Ocean Race, formerly known as the \"Whitbread Around the World Race\". There is also a Volvo Baltic Race and Volvo Pacific Race, and Volvo likes to encourage its affluent image by sponsoring golf tournaments all over the world including major championship events called the Volvo Masters and Volvo China Open. Volvo sponsored the Volvo Ocean Race, the world's leading round-the-world yacht race for the first time in 2001–02. The next edition was to","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"18735240","text":"Volvo Cross Country Challenge The Volvo Cross Country Challenge was an unofficial women's professional golf event on the Ladies European Tour. It was held in Spain or Denmark annually between 2005 and 2007. The winner of the challenge received a Volvo. The 18-year-old Kiran Matharu from Leeds, England, had yet to learn to drive when she won the Volvo Cross Country Challenge and a brand new Volvo XC70 in 2007. To qualify for the tournament, players had to participate in at least three out of four of the LET tournaments hosted in Nordic countries: Prize money collected in these tournaments","title":"Volvo Cross Country Challenge"},{"psg_id":"18735241","text":"were added up in a \"Volvo XC Challenge Order-of-Merit\". The top 10 on the Order-of-Merit competed for $120,000. In addition, players could get $1,000,000 bonus by winning all four of the above tournaments in one season. Volvo Cross Country Challenge The Volvo Cross Country Challenge was an unofficial women's professional golf event on the Ladies European Tour. It was held in Spain or Denmark annually between 2005 and 2007. The winner of the challenge received a Volvo. The 18-year-old Kiran Matharu from Leeds, England, had yet to learn to drive when she won the Volvo Cross Country Challenge and a","title":"Volvo Cross Country Challenge"},{"psg_id":"13824070","text":"Volvo V60 The Volvo V60 is a five-door wagon produced by Volvo Cars based on the S60 compact executive car. This vehicle was released in 2011 and redesigned for the model year of 2014. It was not sold in North American markets until 2014. For 2014, a raised variant of the vehicle was released, known as the V60 Cross Country. In the beginning of October 2015, Volvo released the V60 Cross Country around the world. The second generation V60 is set to join the Volvo line up in 2018. In February 2014, Volvo unveiled a special version of the V60","title":"Volvo V60"},{"psg_id":"2373434","text":"'DMIC'. Even though Volvo Car Corporation was owned by Ford Motor Company, Volvo's safety systems were still standard on all Volvo vehicles. Volvo has patented all its safety innovations, including SIPS, WHIPS, ROPS, DSTC, and body structures. Some of these systems were fitted to other Ford vehicles in forms similar to those of Volvo systems, but only because Volvo licensed the FOMOCO and other PAG members to use these features. A 2005 Folksam report, put the 740/940 (from 1982 on) in the 15% better than average category, the second from the top category. In 2005, when the American non-profit, non-governmental","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"3210815","text":"the −90 series models. Uber will use the XC60 as its autonomous fleet. The Volvo XC60 has been Volvo's best selling car, with sales increasing every year since its release in 2008. The second generation XC60 (released in 2017) has continued to set new sales records. Volvo XC60 The Volvo XC60 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2008. It is now in its second generation. The XC60 is part of Volvo's 60 Series of automobiles, along with the S60, S60 Cross Country, V60, and V60 Cross Country. The first generation model","title":"Volvo XC60"},{"psg_id":"2373436","text":"the alarm and if the car is locked. Additionally, a heartbeat sensor warns if someone is hiding inside the car. The S80 was also the first Volvo model to feature adaptive cruise control (ACC) with Collision Warning and Brake Support (CWBS). In 2008, a French court found Volvo partially responsible for causing the death of two children and serious injuries of another in Wasselonne on 17 June 1999, when the brakes of a 1996 Volvo 850 failed. The court subjected Volvo to a €200,000 fine. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), Volvo's S80 became one of the","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373413","text":"trademark, it was also designated for the purpose of \"automobiles\"). The SKF trademark as it looks today was used instead for all the SKF-products. Some pre-series of Volvo-bearings stamped with the brand name 'Volvo' were manufactured but never released to the market, and it was not until 1927 that the trademark was used again, now as a trademark and company name for an automobile. The first Volvo car left the assembly line on 14 April 1927, and was called Volvo ÖV 4. After this the young company produced closed top and cabriolet vehicles, which were designed to hold strong in","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"3210806","text":"Volvo XC60 The Volvo XC60 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2008. It is now in its second generation. The XC60 is part of Volvo's 60 Series of automobiles, along with the S60, S60 Cross Country, V60, and V60 Cross Country. The first generation model introduced a new style for the 60 Series models. Along with the rest of the lineup, the first-generation XC60 was refreshed in 2013. Similarly, the second-generation model, released in 2017, is the first in the series. The XC60 concept was unveiled at the 2007 North American","title":"Volvo XC60"},{"psg_id":"2373455","text":"GT class. The programme was expanded again in 2011, to include the Pirelli World Challenge. In 2008, Volvo entered the Swedish Touring Car Championship with a C30 powered by bioethanol E85 fuel. Robert Dahlgreen and Tommy Rustad were the drivers, finishing 5th and 10th respectively in the championship. Volvo had also signalled their intentions to enter the 2009 British Touring Car Championship with the same car. Volvo entered the V8 Supercars Championship with two S60s in 2014 with Garry Rogers Motorsport, and were immediately competitive. Following ten pole positions and four race wins, Scott McLaughlin finished fifth in the championship","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373452","text":"allowed the use of aerodynamic aids in 1995. TWR then built and ran the works 850 Saloon, with six wins in 1995, and five wins in 1996, and a S40, with one win in 1997 in the BTCC, as well as Volvo placing third in the Manufacturers Championship, both in 1995 and 1996. In 1998, TWR Volvo won the British Touring Car Championship with Rickard Rydell driving the S40R. Volvo also competed in the Super Touring category with the 850 across Europe and in Australia. Australian race car driver Peter Brock drove an 850 T5 with Tony Scott in the","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373448","text":"the 1964 competition. A PV544 driven by Joginder and Jaswant Singh won the Safari Rally in 1965. Volvo entered the European Touring Car Championship with the Volvo 240 Turbo in the 1980s. In the 1984 European Touring Car Championship, the Swedish team Sportpromotion won the EG Trophy at Zolder circuit, followed by placing second in the Mugello. In 1985, Volvo signed Swiss engine guru Reudi Eggenberger to run its works team through Eggenberger Motorsport. Team drivers Gianfranco Brancatelli and Thomas Lindström led the 240T to victory in the 1985 ETCC. Also in 1985, New Zealander Mark Petch had purchased a","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373441","text":"wheel drive paired with a raised suspension to give it an SUV look. Volvo would later change the name to the \"XC70\" in keeping with its car naming consistent with the XC90. So a V50 is an estate (\"V\") that is smaller than the V70. Originally, Volvo was planning a different naming scheme. S and C were to be the same, but \"F\", standing for \"flexibility\", was to be used on station wagons. When Volvo introduced the first generation S40 and V40 in 1995, they were announced as the S4 and F4. However, Audi complained that it had inherent rights","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373435","text":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) released its first annual \"Top Safety Picks\" vehicles list, none of Volvo's offered vehicles in the US were included on the list. According to Russ Rader, a spokesman for IIHS, Volvo lagged behind its competitors. Dan Johnston, a Volvo spokesman, denied that the company's vehicles were any less safe than the institute's top-rated vehicles, adding that In 2006, Volvo's Personal Car Communicator (PCC) remote control was launched as an optional feature with the all-new Volvo S80. Before a driver enters their car, they can review the security level and know whether they had set","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"9794918","text":"Volvo V90 The Volvo V90 is a mid-size luxury wagon manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Two months after the introduction of the sedan model, the V90 was revealed at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2016. Its sedan variant is called the Volvo S90. The V90 is offered with various trim levels. Previewed before the 2016 Paris motor show, the V90 Cross Country is a raised height, AWD version of the V90 designed for use on rough terrain, unsealed roads and for light off-road usage. A special version of the V90 was announced 30 October","title":"Volvo V90"},{"psg_id":"9794916","text":"Volvo V90 The Volvo V90 is a mid-size luxury wagon manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Two months after the introduction of the sedan model, the V90 was revealed at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2016. Its sedan variant is called the Volvo S90. The V90 is offered with various trim levels. Previewed before the 2016 Paris motor show, the V90 Cross Country is a raised height, AWD version of the V90 designed for use on rough terrain, unsealed roads and for light off-road usage. A special version of the V90 was announced 30 October","title":"Volvo V90"},{"psg_id":"3904256","text":"Volvo YCC The Volvo YCC (\"Your Concept Car\") was a concept car made by Volvo Cars presented at the 2004 Geneva Motor Show, with the stated goal of meeting the particular needs of female drivers. In order to do so, Volvo assembled a design team entirely made up of women, around October 2001. It was a major exercise in ergonomics from the perspective of a female driver. Those who were involved during the several stages of the project were: Maria Widell Christiansen, Eva-Lisa Andersson, Elna Holmberg, Maria Uggla, Camilla Palmertz, Cynthia Charwick, Anna Rosén, Lena Ekelund, and Tatiana Butovitsch Temm.","title":"Volvo YCC"},{"psg_id":"3717244","text":"Volvo XC90 The Volvo XC90 is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars since 2002 and now in its second generation. The first generation was introduced at the 2002 North American International Auto Show and used the Volvo P2 platform shared with the first generation Volvo S80 and other large Volvo cars. It was manufactured at Volvo's Torslandaverken. Volvo moved production equipment of the first generation to China and ended Swedish production at the end of 2014, renaming the car as the Volvo XC Classic (or Volvo XC90 Classic). At the end of 2014, the second","title":"Volvo XC90"},{"psg_id":"4051425","text":"Volvo S90 The Volvo S90 is a mid-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Its estate variant is called the Volvo V90. For the 2017 model year (the first model year) a short and long wheelbase sedan as well as an estate model were made available. For 2017, the short wheelbase model was sold in North America and Europe, the long wheelbase model was primarily sold in China. Volvo has hinted at possible coupe variants, but not until at least 2020. Beginning with the 2018 model year, the short wheelbase sedan was discontinued, and","title":"Volvo S90"},{"psg_id":"6431428","text":"was used by the Malaysian Army c. 1970-1990, the Royal Malaysian Police, and civilian users like Telekom Malaysia c. 1980s. Volvo C303 Volvo Cross Country C303, (Tgb 11, A.K.A \"Terrängbil 11\", translated as \"Terrain Vehicle 11\"), is the base model of a range of military vehicles produced by Volvo. The car was developed in the late 60s based on the successful L-3314 series and went into production in 1974. This version was produced both as a 4x4 and a 6x6. An 8x8 was planned but dropped. Engines were the B30 (B20 in the prototypes) from Volvo's civilian cars. The C3","title":"Volvo C303"},{"psg_id":"6431426","text":"Volvo C303 Volvo Cross Country C303, (Tgb 11, A.K.A \"Terrängbil 11\", translated as \"Terrain Vehicle 11\"), is the base model of a range of military vehicles produced by Volvo. The car was developed in the late 60s based on the successful L-3314 series and went into production in 1974. This version was produced both as a 4x4 and a 6x6. An 8x8 was planned but dropped. Engines were the B30 (B20 in the prototypes) from Volvo's civilian cars. The C3 series feature portal axles with locking differentials resulting in very high ground-clearance (similar to the Unimog) and outstanding performance offroad.","title":"Volvo C303"},{"psg_id":"4051376","text":"Volvo V70 The Volvo V70 is an executive car manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars from 1996 to 2016 across three generations. The name V70 combines the letter V, standing for \"versatility\", and 70, denoting relative platform size (i.e., a V70 is larger than a V40, but smaller than a V90). The first generation (1996–2000) debuted in November 1996. It was based on the P80 platform and was available with front and all-wheel drive (AWD), the latter marketed as the V70 AWD. In September 1997 a crossover version called the V70 XC or V70 Cross Country was introduced. The sedan","title":"Volvo V70"},{"psg_id":"3694625","text":"Volvo S40 The Volvo S40 is a subcompact executive car marketed and produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1995 to 2012 across two generations. The first generation (1995–2004) was introduced in 1995 with the S40 (S from saloon) and V40 (V from versatility, estate) cars. The second generation (2004–2012) was released in 2004, and the estate variant's name changed to V50. The range was replaced by the Volvo V40 five door hatchback in 2012. During August 1995, Volvo released its new series, with the intention of calling the cars S4 and F4. However, as Audi had already reserved","title":"Volvo S40"},{"psg_id":"16780049","text":"Volvo Car Gent Volvo Car Gent (until 2007 known as Volvo Cars Europe Industry N.V.) is an automobile manufacturer located in the port district of Ghent in western Belgium. In recent years, the Ghent plant has become the largest Volvo plant in terms of the number of cars produced. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Swedish automaker, Volvo Personvagnar AB (Volvo Cars). Legally it is part of Volvo Car Belgium NV. Its activities comprise welding, painting and final assembly. The plant became the only car manufacturing plant in Flanders after Ford Genk closed at the end of","title":"Volvo Car Gent"},{"psg_id":"19804064","text":"won the European Car of the Year in 2018. Volvo XC40 The Volvo XC40 is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by Volvo Cars. It was revealed on 21 September 2017. Orders started in September of 2017 and manufacturing began in November 2017. The XC40 was named \"Car of the Year\" by the magazine \"What Car?\" in January 2018, and it was given the European Car of the Year award at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show. The XC40 was also awarded Carsales Car of the Year in 2018. The company plans to increase their production across 2018-2019 to meet global","title":"Volvo XC40"},{"psg_id":"19804059","text":"Volvo XC40 The Volvo XC40 is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by Volvo Cars. It was revealed on 21 September 2017. Orders started in September of 2017 and manufacturing began in November 2017. The XC40 was named \"Car of the Year\" by the magazine \"What Car?\" in January 2018, and it was given the European Car of the Year award at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show. The XC40 was also awarded Carsales Car of the Year in 2018. The company plans to increase their production across 2018-2019 to meet global demand. A concept car called Concept 40.1 was originally","title":"Volvo XC40"},{"psg_id":"2386300","text":"of the S60L T6 PHEV, limited to the Chinese market, began on 22 April 2015. The production model has an all-electric range of . A new model known as the S60 Cross Country saw a limited American release in the autumn of 2015 (as it was for the 2015 model year in Europe), with each dealership getting one car. This variant is similar to the Volvo V60 Cross Country, as it is a raised sedan variant of the S60. Limited to 500 units makes it one of the most rare cars of 2016. The Volvo S60 Polestar performance concept is","title":"Volvo S60"},{"psg_id":"16780052","text":"was formerly known as . In November 2016 the 6th million car was produced. NOTE: the plant's name is \"Volvo Car Gent\" and not \"Volvo Cars Ghent\". It is a proper name in which the city name is in its original Dutch format, not in English. Volvo Car Gent Volvo Car Gent (until 2007 known as Volvo Cars Europe Industry N.V.) is an automobile manufacturer located in the port district of Ghent in western Belgium. In recent years, the Ghent plant has become the largest Volvo plant in terms of the number of cars produced. The company is a wholly","title":"Volvo Car Gent"},{"psg_id":"10996060","text":"Volvo 900 Series The Volvo 900 Series is a range of executive cars produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1990 to 1998. The 900 Series was introduced in 1990 to replace the 700 Series from which it derived. Prior to the end of its production, the 960 was renamed as the Volvo S90 (saloon) and Volvo V90 (estate), and the 940 was renamed 940 Classic, becoming the last rear-wheel-drive cars from Volvo. Visible differences between the 700 and the 900 Series included redesigned rear styling of the saloon models (late 700 estates and early 900 estates are visually","title":"Volvo 900 Series"},{"psg_id":"7413524","text":"Volvo Philip Volvo Philip was a concept car built by Volvo in 1952. It was designed for the American market so it was fitted with a V8 engine producing at 4000 rpm and was fitted with whitewall tires and a hint of tailfins. The design was inspired by US cars and was similar to the 1951 Kaiser. The designer was Jan Wilsgaard who also designed the Volvo Amazon. However it was cancelled by the board and never reached production and only one car was made. That car was used for several years by the board at Bolinder-Munktell in Eskilstuna, and","title":"Volvo Philip"},{"psg_id":"4051428","text":"The more powerful petrol engines are compound charged, as is the plug-in hybrid variant called the \"T8\". The D5 diesel engine features Volvo's new \"PowerPulse\" technology that is designed to eliminate turbo lag, as well as an i Art injection system. Volvo S90 The Volvo S90 is a mid-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Its estate variant is called the Volvo V90. For the 2017 model year (the first model year) a short and long wheelbase sedan as well as an estate model were made available. For 2017, the short wheelbase model was","title":"Volvo S90"},{"psg_id":"2386503","text":"own cars, and threatened to cancel all their contracts with Karmann if they took on this car. This setback almost caused the project to be abandoned. Other German firms, NSU, Drautz and Hanomag, were contacted but none was chosen because Volvo did not believe they met Volvo's manufacturing quality-control standards. It began to appear that Volvo might never produce the P1800. This motivated Helmer Petterson to obtain financial backing from two financial firms with the intention of buying the components directly from Volvo and marketing the car himself. At this point Volvo had made no mention of the P1800 and","title":"Volvo P1800"},{"psg_id":"2373450","text":"being for John Bowe, who had driven the Volvo with Francevic at the 1985 Bathurst 1000. Volvo contracted Belgian based team RAS Sport to be its works team in the ETCC in 1986, following Eggengerger moving to race Ford Sierra's. This team included defending champion Lindström, joined by ex-Formula One and Grand Prix motorcycle racer Johnny Cecotto, as well as Ulf Granberg and Anders Olofsson. The team took wins at wins at Hockenheim, Anderstorp, Brno, Österreichring and Zolder, though the wins at Anderstorp and the Österreichring were disqualified due to the use of illegal fuel. The 240T also entered the","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"2373426","text":"history. Volvo reported strong sales from all three core global regions. Sales in Europe rose 10% in 2015 to 269k, representing over 50% of total global volume. Volvo’s revival in the US gained momentum, with sales up 24% in 2015, while China was flat amid a challenging sales environment, but sales were up 11% in the fourth quarter. In July 2017, the automaker announced that beginning in 2019, all of its new models will include an electric motor in their powertrain. Implementation of the announcement could mean Volvo becoming the first manufacturer to end production of internal combustion-only vehicles, with","title":"Volvo Cars"},{"psg_id":"10220074","text":"such as traction control, leather interior, power glass sunroof, power seats, heated seats, remote keyless entry, automatic climate control, and automatic transmission. Beginning with their 1995 model year, Volvo introduced the SIPS-Bag on the 850; these airbags were included as standard equipment on the 1995 Turbo models, and were optional for an additional $500 on other 850 models. This made the Volvo 850 the first mass-produced car in the world to feature the side-impact airbags. The SIPS became standard equipment for all new Volvo cars beginning with the 1996 model year. In 1995, the Volvo 850 was ranked the fourth-safest","title":"Volvo 850"},{"psg_id":"2373765","text":"Volvo 140 Series The Volvo 140 Series is a line of mid-size cars manufactured and marketed by Volvo from 1966 to 1974 in two- and four-door sedan (models 142 and 144 respectively) as well as five door station wagon (model 145) body styles—with numerous intermediate facelifts. More than a million Volvo 140s were built. Volvo Cars began manufacturing the Volvo 144 at Torslandaverken in the late summer of 1966 for the 1967 model year. The 144 series, which followed the Volvo Amazon (replacing it in its fourth model year), was the first Volvo to use a tri-digit nomenclature, indicating series,","title":"Volvo 140 Series"},{"psg_id":"16748376","text":"Volvo LV4 The Volvo LV4 was a light truck produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1928 and 1930. The designation LV4 stands for LastVagn (“truck”), 4 cylinders. Volvo introduced its first truck, LV Series 1, in early 1928. The truck shared many components with Volvos passenger cars ÖV4 and PV4, including powertrain, but the truck had a more powerful chassis which was built on two different wheelbases: 3.3 and 3.7 m. Despite the small four-cylinder side-valve engine the truck was a sales success, unlike the passenger cars. After an initial series of 500 Series 1 trucks, Volvo presented the stronger","title":"Volvo LV4"},{"psg_id":"443655","text":"Volvo The Volvo Group (; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo) (stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing company headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks. Automobile manufacturer Volvo Cars, also based in Gothenburg, was part of AB Volvo until 1999, when it was sold to the Ford Motor Company. Since 2010 it has been owned by the Geely Holding Group, a Chinese","title":"Volvo"},{"psg_id":"443666","text":"€1.6 billion, leaving Swedish industrial investment group as the largest shareholder, with 6.2% of the share capital and 18.7% of the voting rights. That same year, Volvo sold Volvo Aero to the British company GKN. In 2017 Volvo Cars owner Geely became the largest Volvo shareholder by number of shares after acquiring an 8.2% stake, displacing Industrivärden. Industrivärden kept more voting rights than Geely (Geely getting a 15.8%). In December 2013, Volvo sold its Volvo Construction Equipment Rents division to Platinum Equity. In 2014, Volvo's Volvo Construction Equipment acquired the haul truck manufacturing division of Terex Corporation, which included five","title":"Volvo"},{"psg_id":"3303491","text":"Volvo 200 Series The Volvo 200 series was a range of mid-size cars produced by Volvo Cars from 1974 to 1993, with more than 2.8 million units sold worldwide. Like the Volvo 140 Series from which it was developed, it was designed by Jan Wilsgaard. It overlapped production of the Volvo 700 Series introduced in 1982. As the 240 remained popular, only the 260 was displaced by the 700 series — which Volvo marketed alongside the 240 for another decade. The 700 series was replaced a year before the 240 was discontinued. Production of the 240 ended on 14 May","title":"Volvo 200 Series"},{"psg_id":"10996074","text":"derivatives ended on 5 February 1998. The S90/V90 nameplate returned to use when Volvo introduced its flagship model in 2016. These engines were offered in the 900 Series vehicles over the years: Volvo offered various transmissions depending on the year/model/engine combinations including the: Volvo 900 Series The Volvo 900 Series is a range of executive cars produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1990 to 1998. The 900 Series was introduced in 1990 to replace the 700 Series from which it derived. Prior to the end of its production, the 960 was renamed as the Volvo S90 (saloon) and","title":"Volvo 900 Series"},{"psg_id":"8451357","text":"outbreak of the Second World War production continued, to provide transportation to the Swedish Armed Forces and other official functions. Most of these war time cars had a wood gas generator mounted on a trailer behind the car, since the engine had been converted to run on this domestic fuel. Volvo PV51 The Volvo PV51 is an automobile introduced by Volvo in December 1936. It was replaced by the mildly restyled PV53 in 1938. This car remained in production until the end of the Second World War. The Volvo cars were quite expensive compared to their imported competitors. The PV51","title":"Volvo PV51"},{"psg_id":"2386514","text":"June 13, 2010 during the Viking Classic Auto Show, celebrating the first presentation of the P1800 to the public at the Brussels Motor Show in 1960. The show featured more than 350 Volvo cars, approximately 80 Volvo P1800s Europe as well as the original the prototype — along with designer Pelle Petterson as well as Irv Gordon. The event was promoted by Volvo Cars Heritage. A 1966 Volvo 1800S and its owner Irv Gordon of East Patchogue, New York, have the Guinness world record for highest mileage. Gordon, who has driven the same vehicle since 1966, has driven about 26,000","title":"Volvo P1800"},{"psg_id":"20772886","text":"Volvo R The Volvo R marque represents the high-performance division of cars produced by Volvo. The R marque refers to \"Refined\", since Volvo markets R-designated vehicles as being the most performance-oriented trim level. The first vehicle in the Volvo R marque lineup, the Volvo 850 R, was introduced in 1995, followed by the Volvo S70 R and Volvo V70 R in 1998. A related performance trim line, Volvo R-Design, was launched for 2008. Volvo's high-performance vehicles are now developed by their Polestar division, although most Volvo models are offered in an R-Design trim level. \"Further information: Volvo 850 T-5R\" For","title":"Volvo R"},{"psg_id":"3303527","text":"for using at unlimited banger meetings. In the United States, 240s regularly appear in low-budget endurance racing series such as 24 Hours of LeMons, where the 240 reliability, durability, and easy parts availability are much appreciated. Volvo 200 Series The Volvo 200 series was a range of mid-size cars produced by Volvo Cars from 1974 to 1993, with more than 2.8 million units sold worldwide. Like the Volvo 140 Series from which it was developed, it was designed by Jan Wilsgaard. It overlapped production of the Volvo 700 Series introduced in 1982. As the 240 remained popular, only the 260","title":"Volvo 200 Series"},{"psg_id":"20772895","text":"slightly more horsepower, and a firmer suspension. Most R-Design models are designated by an R-Design badge on the right of the grille, as well as silver or black side view mirror caps. Volvo R The Volvo R marque represents the high-performance division of cars produced by Volvo. The R marque refers to \"Refined\", since Volvo markets R-designated vehicles as being the most performance-oriented trim level. The first vehicle in the Volvo R marque lineup, the Volvo 850 R, was introduced in 1995, followed by the Volvo S70 R and Volvo V70 R in 1998. A related performance trim line, Volvo","title":"Volvo R"},{"psg_id":"3236559","text":"Standard certified wind farm project in Izmir, Turkey. In the One Tonne Life project, the Lindell family lived in a temporary home from A-hus and drove Volvo C30 Electric. The project house was designed by architect Gert Wingårdh. Volvo C30 was used in The Twilight Saga. Volvo C30 The Volvo C30 is a three-door, front-engine, front-wheel-drive premium compact hatchback, manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars for model years 2006-2013 in a single generation. Powered by inline-four and straight-five engines, the C30 is variant of the Volvo S40/V50/C70 range, sharing the same Ford C1/Volvo P1 platform. Volvo marketed the C30 as","title":"Volvo C30"},{"psg_id":"18305543","text":"Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform The Volvo Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) platform is a global full-size unibody automobile platform developed and manufactured by Volvo Cars. It debuted in 2014 when the second-generation Volvo XC90 was released. With SPA, Volvo claims it \"enables significant improvements when it comes to offering protection in worst-case scenarios and when creating innovative features that support the driver in avoiding accidents.\" Volvo has invested 90 billion SEK in the platform. All SPA based cars will be delivered with 4 cylinder engines. The diesel and petrol engines share the same Volvo Engine Architecture, and Volvo can build","title":"Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform"},{"psg_id":"3236525","text":"Volvo C30 The Volvo C30 is a three-door, front-engine, front-wheel-drive premium compact hatchback, manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars for model years 2006-2013 in a single generation. Powered by inline-four and straight-five engines, the C30 is variant of the Volvo S40/V50/C70 range, sharing the same Ford C1/Volvo P1 platform. Volvo marketed the C30 as a premium hatchback / sports coupe. The C30's rear styling and frameless glass rear hatch recall Volvo's earlier P1800 ES and Volvo 480. A production version of C30 T5 with 160-watt sound system was officially unveiled at the 2006 Paris Motor Show. Early model includes T5","title":"Volvo C30"},{"psg_id":"8374350","text":"D5244T5 was labelled '2.4D' as a (software) detuned version of the D5244T4 'D5' on the 05-09 range. Volvo D5 engine The Volvo D5 is a type of turbocharged diesel engine developed by Volvo Cars for use in its passenger cars. The D5 engine is based on Volvo Modular engine, one of the most compact and strongest engine blocks on the market, designed and dimensioned from the very outset to be able to accommodate diesel power. It is an all aluminium five-cylinder engine with 20 valves and double overhead camshafts. In all but one late version it has a VGT turbocharger","title":"Volvo D5 engine"},{"psg_id":"8374345","text":"Volvo D5 engine The Volvo D5 is a type of turbocharged diesel engine developed by Volvo Cars for use in its passenger cars. The D5 engine is based on Volvo Modular engine, one of the most compact and strongest engine blocks on the market, designed and dimensioned from the very outset to be able to accommodate diesel power. It is an all aluminium five-cylinder engine with 20 valves and double overhead camshafts. In all but one late version it has a VGT turbocharger of the type VNT (variable nozzle turbine), common rail direct injection and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).","title":"Volvo D5 engine"},{"psg_id":"18305544","text":"530,000 engines per year. Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform The Volvo Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) platform is a global full-size unibody automobile platform developed and manufactured by Volvo Cars. It debuted in 2014 when the second-generation Volvo XC90 was released. With SPA, Volvo claims it \"enables significant improvements when it comes to offering protection in worst-case scenarios and when creating innovative features that support the driver in avoiding accidents.\" Volvo has invested 90 billion SEK in the platform. All SPA based cars will be delivered with 4 cylinder engines. The diesel and petrol engines share the same Volvo Engine Architecture,","title":"Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform"},{"psg_id":"2386513","text":"a Jaguar E-Type and the Volvo P1800. Jaguar was first offered the opportunity to provide an E-Type for the TV series but declined. Volvo accepted and offered a P1800, leading to increased sales. Initially, Volvo lent two cars for the series, one for static studio shots and the other for moving shots. When the P1800S came along, one of the earlier cars was cut up to allow better interior shots. When the series \"Return of the Saint\" was created in the 1970s, Jaguar offered the XJ-S for the series. The 50th anniversary of the P1800 took place in France on","title":"Volvo P1800"},{"psg_id":"3717265","text":". Deliveries of the XC90 T8 PHEV began in the United States in August 2015. Sales in Europe totaled 2,653 units in 2015. Cumulative sales in the U.S. totaled 488 units up until February 2016. According to Volvo, sales of the plug-in variant represent 20% of Volvo XC90 global sales by mid-March 2016. Volvo XC90 The Volvo XC90 is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars since 2002 and now in its second generation. The first generation was introduced at the 2002 North American International Auto Show and used the Volvo P2 platform shared with the","title":"Volvo XC90"},{"psg_id":"2869349","text":"Volvo V50 \"For the sedan variant of the car, see Volvo S40.\" Volvo Cars introduced the Volvo V50 at the 2003 Bologna Motor Show as the station wagon version of the Volvo S40 small family car — manufacturing both models at their facility in Ghent, Belgium. Sharing the Ford C1 platform with the European Ford Focus and the Mazda 3, the V50 featured interior \"theatre\" lighting, a floating center stack and \"Volvo Intelligent Vehicle Architecture\". The V50 T5 AWD featured all-wheel drive and a straight-5 2.5 litre petrol engine, with a light pressure turbocharger, four valves per cylinder and a","title":"Volvo V50"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373428\",\n \"text\": \"and financing of cars with self-driving systems. Such vehicles require a different type of steering and braking mechanism, as well as sensors. The CEO of Volvo Cars, Håkan Samuelsson, made this comment in an interview: \\\"We get support developing this car ... It’s also a big commercial deal.\\\" Also in 2017, Volvo announced a vehicle subscription offering called Care by Volvo, which offers the Volvo XC40 for a monthly payment that includes insurance and maintenance. Care by Volvo is offered in several European markets, such as Germany, the UK and Italy, as well as in the U.S. Volvo cars have\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373459\",\n \"text\": \"side shirt sponsor. In 1990, Volvo Cars filed a lawsuit against Hong Kong-based Club Volvo night club for infringement in Hong Kong High Court. The lawsuit ended with settlement where the night club paid 1 dollar to Volvo Cars. Since then, Club Volvo had been renamed to Club Borubo (the Japanese pronunciation of \\\"Volvo\\\"), and then Club Bboss (reference to Big Boss). Volvo Cars Volvo Cars (), stylized as VOLVO, is a Swedish luxury vehicles company . It is headquartered on Torslanda in Gothenburg and is a subsidiary of Chinese automotive company Geely. The company manufactures and markets sport utility\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373429\",\n \"text\": \"long been marketed and stressed their historic reputation for solidity and reliability. Prior to strong government safety regulation Volvo had been at the forefront of safety engineering. In 1944, laminated glass was introduced in the PV model. After Vattenfall engineers presented their pioneering work to Volvo in the 1950s, Volvo engineer Nils Bohlin invented and patented the modern three-point safety belt, which became standard on all Volvo cars in 1959, and then made this design patent open in the interest of safety and made it available to other car manufacturers for free. Additionally, Volvo developed the first rear-facing child seat\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373410\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo Cars Volvo Cars (), stylized as VOLVO, is a Swedish luxury vehicles company . It is headquartered on Torslanda in Gothenburg and is a subsidiary of Chinese automotive company Geely. The company manufactures and markets sport utility vehicles, station wagons, sedans and compact executive sedans. The Volvo Group was founded in 1927 as a subsidiary of the ball bearing manufacturer SKF. When AB Volvo was introduced on the Stockholm stock exchange in 1935, SKF sold most of the shares in the company. The heavy truck and construction equipment conglomerate AB Volvo and Volvo Cars have been independent since AB\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373447\",\n \"text\": \"by the ZF Friedrichshafen company, but now the transmissions are co-developed with Aisin of Japan. Geartronic is Volvo Cars' name for its manumatic transmission. In 1959, Volvo had set up its own motorsport department. This led to Volvo enjoying worldwide success in the motorsport arena throughout the early 1960s. In 1961, Gran Premio de Argentina Gunnar Andersson was appointed Volvo's competition department manager, signing a number of drivers, including Carl-Magnus Skogh, Tom Trana and Ewy Rosqvist, though he himself still continued to compete in rallies. In 1964, Volvo made heavy investments in the Safari Rally, entering four Volvo PV544s in\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373414\",\n \"text\": \"the Swedish climate and terrain. In the registration application for Volvo logotype in 1927, they simply made a copy of the entire radiator for ÖV4, viewed from the front. Presented in 1944 the Volvo PV444 passenger car only entered production in 1947. It was the smallest Volvo yet and was to take the lion's share of Volvo production, as well as spearheading their move into the profitable American market. The first Volvos arrived in the United States in 1955, after hardware wholesaler Leo Hirsh began distributing cars in California. Later, Texas was added, and in 1956, Volvo themselves began importing\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373427\",\n \"text\": \"all vehicles hybrid or electric powered. Between 2019 and 2021, Volvo plans to launch 3 electric cars under the Volvo brand and 2 more under the Polestar performance brand. Volvo was also a proponent of autonomous vehicles. On 20 November 2017, Uber announced that it planned to buy up to 24,000 Volvo cars designed to accept autonomous technology between 2019 and 2021. This non-binding intent includes a plan for Uber Advanced Technologies Group to design and build the self-driving system in the XC90 SUV vehicles. In 2016, the two companies had announced that they planned to collaborate on the design\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373418\",\n \"text\": \"one of the biggest-selling cars in the UK market in the 1980s. 1986 marked a record year for Volvo in the US, with 113,267 cars sold. The appearance of Japanese brands like Acura and Lexus and the growing popularity of Subaru station wagons in subsequent years meant the loss of a significant market share for Volvo, one which they have never regained. In 1999, Volvo Group decided to sell its automobile manufacturing business in order to concentrate on commercial vehicles, and to buy a 5% stake in Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors (with which Volvo Group along with the Dutch government\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373421\",\n \"text\": \"generation Volvo S80 and the new small premium crossover Volvo XC60. When the global economic crisis of 2008 threatened the US automakers, Swedish authorities became concerned about the fate of Volvo if Ford would file for bankruptcy. These concerns mounted after repeated mass-layoffs at Volvo. Ford announced in December 2008 that it was considering selling Volvo Cars. Initially, a sale price of US$6 billion was reported, Ford reported it was also looking into the possibility of spinning off Volvo as an independent company. The Swedish government was asked to look into a possible state ownership of Volvo, or a financial\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373420\",\n \"text\": \"Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in March 2001. Volvo Car Corporation was part of Ford Motor Company's Premier Automotive Group (PAG), along with Jaguar, Aston Martin and Land Rover. While part of the PAG, the company grew in its range of vehicles significantly. After Ford sold Jaguar Land Rover to Tata Motors of India in 2008, the company initially decided to keep Volvo Cars despite mounting losses and gross economic downturns. Ford decided to restructure plans for Volvo Cars, pushing it further upmarket alongside the lower end of Mercedes and BMW sedans, wagons, and SUV crossovers. The outcome was the luxurious second\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373458\",\n \"text\": \"take place between 2011 and 2012. Volvo has also had a long-standing commitment to the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) and is involved in the Volvo/ISAF World Youth Sailing Championships since 1997. In 2011, Volvo Cars is the main sponsor of the winter sports and music festival Snowbombing in Austria. In 2012, Volvo signed NBA star Jeremy Lin to an endorsement agreement for two years to participate in Volvo's corporate and marketing activities as a \\\"brand ambassador\\\" for Volvo Car Corp. In 2015, Volvo signed a deal with Chennaiyin FC, a football franchise team of the Indian Super League as a\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373440\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo 360 only had four cylinders. Some 240GLT had a V6 engine. The company dropped the meaning of the final digit for later cars like the 740, but the digit continued to identify cars underhood on the identification plate. Today, the company uses a system of letters denoting body style followed by the series number. \\\"S\\\" stands for \\\"sedan\\\", \\\"C\\\" stands for \\\"coupé\\\" or \\\"convertible\\\" (including three-door hatchback AKA \\\"shooting brake\\\") and \\\"V\\\" stands for \\\"versatile\\\" (5-door hatchback and station wagon). \\\"XC\\\" stands for \\\"cross country\\\" originally added to a more rugged V70 model as the V70XC and indicates all\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373424\",\n \"text\": \"2010, respectively. The deal closed on 2 August 2010 with Geely paying $1.3 billion cash and a $200 million note. Further payments are expected with a later price \\\"true-up\\\".<ref name = \\\"www.ford.com/about-ford/news-announcements\\\"></ref> It is the largest overseas acquisition by a Chinese automaker. Stefan Jacoby, formerly chief executive of Volkswagen of America, became Volvo Car Corporation's president and chief executive on 16 August 2010, replacing Stephen Odell, who became chief executive of Ford Europe. Li Shufu became Volvo Cars' chairman of the board. His board members include vice-chairman Hans-Olov Olsson, a former president and chief executive of Volvo Cars, and Håkan\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373438\",\n \"text\": \"EuroNCAP tests. Since 2009, all the Volvo models that EuroNCAP have tested have received five-star safety ratings: Volvo C30, V40, V60, V60 plug-in hybrid, XC60 and V70. The second generation Volvo V40 got the best test result of any car model ever tested by EuroNCAP at the time. In 2017, Volvo achieved record sales for the fourth year in a row, with 571,000 cars sold. European sales figures are from the following countries: \\\"Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373423\",\n \"text\": \"investing HK$2.59 billion (334 million USD) in the holding company. Ford Motor Company offered Volvo Cars for sale in December 2008, after suffering losses that year. On 28 October 2009, Ford confirmed that, after considering several offers, the preferred buyer of Volvo Cars was Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, the parent of Chinese motor manufacturer Geely Automobile. On 23 December 2009, Ford confirmed the terms of the sale to Geely had been settled. A definitive agreement was signed on 28 March 2010, for $1.8 billion. The European Commission and China's Ministry of Commerce approved the deal on 6 and 29 July\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373437\",\n \"text\": \"2009 Top Safety Picks Award winners. The previous versions of the S40 and S60 models (2005–09 models with standard side airbags) failed to attain the highest rating in their side impact test. However, according to the IIHS, in recent years Volvo cars have still managed to maintain their high class safety ratings as seen in test results. The Volvo XC90, S80, C70, XC60, S60 and C30 are all rated Top Safety Picks in these crash tests. The 2014 models of the XC60, XC90, S60 and S80 have even received the Top Safety Pick+ rating. Volvo has also scored high in\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373419\",\n \"text\": \"participated in a joint venture at the former DAF plant in Born, Netherlands since 1991). Ford saw advantages in acquiring a profitable prestige mid-size European automobile manufacturer, well renowned for its safety aspects, as an addition to its Premier Automotive Group. The buyout of Volvo Cars was announced on 28 January 1999, and in the following year the acquisition was completed at a price of US$6.45 billion. As a result of the divestiture, the Volvo trademark is now used by two separate companies: Volvo Group completed its 5% deal with Mitsubishi in November 1999, but sold its stake back to\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373417\",\n \"text\": \"and blocked it. A deal to merge with Renault was blocked in 1993, mainly opposed by a Swedish stockholders' association. A collection of Volvo's most important historical vehicles are now housed in the Volvo Museum, which opened in a permanent location in Arendal at Hisingen on 30 May 1995. For several years, the collection had been housed at the Blue Hangar, at the then closed Torslanda Airport. In the early 1970s, Volvo acquired the passenger car division of the Dutch company DAF, and marketed their small cars as Volvos before releasing the Dutch-built Volvo 340, which went on to be\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373451\",\n \"text\": \"Guia Race, part of the Macau Grand Prix in 1985, 1986 and 1987, winning in both 1985 and 1986. Volvo also saw success in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (German Touring Car Championship), with a 240 Turbo driven by Per Stureson winning the 1985 DTM. Volvo also entered the British Touring Car Championship in the 1990s with Tom Walkinshaw Racing. This partnership was responsible for the controversial 850 Estate racing cars, driven by Rickard Rydell and Jan Lammers and with a best qualifying placing of third and a best race finish of fifth, which was only rendered uncompetitive when the FIA\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373431\",\n \"text\": \"start of the 1995 model year, side impact protection airbags were standard on high trim-level Volvo 850s, and optional on other 850s. By the middle of the production year, they were standard on all 850s. In model year 1995, SIPS airbags became standard on all Volvo models. In 1995, the Volvo 745 was recalled as the front seatbelt mounts could break in a collision. In 1998, Volvo installed a head-protecting airbag, which was made standard in all new models as well as some existing models. The IC head-protecting airbag was not available on the 1997 C70 since the initial design\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"443658\",\n \"text\": \"10 August 1926. After one year of preparations involving the production of ten prototypes, the firm was ready to commence the car-manufacturing business within the SKF group. The Volvo Group itself considers it started in 1927, when the first car, a Volvo ÖV 4, rolled off the production line at the factory in Hisingen, Gothenburg. Only 280 cars were built that year. The first truck, the \\\"Series 1\\\", debuted in January 1928, as an immediate success and attracted attention outside the country. In 1930, Volvo sold 639 cars, and the export of trucks to Europe started soon after; the cars\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373457\",\n \"text\": \"trademark is now jointly owned (50/50) by Volvo Group and Volvo Car Corporation. One of the main promotional activities for the brand is the sailing Race Volvo Ocean Race, formerly known as the \\\"Whitbread Around the World Race\\\". There is also a Volvo Baltic Race and Volvo Pacific Race, and Volvo likes to encourage its affluent image by sponsoring golf tournaments all over the world including major championship events called the Volvo Masters and Volvo China Open. Volvo sponsored the Volvo Ocean Race, the world's leading round-the-world yacht race for the first time in 2001–02. The next edition was to\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18735240\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo Cross Country Challenge The Volvo Cross Country Challenge was an unofficial women's professional golf event on the Ladies European Tour. It was held in Spain or Denmark annually between 2005 and 2007. The winner of the challenge received a Volvo. The 18-year-old Kiran Matharu from Leeds, England, had yet to learn to drive when she won the Volvo Cross Country Challenge and a brand new Volvo XC70 in 2007. To qualify for the tournament, players had to participate in at least three out of four of the LET tournaments hosted in Nordic countries: Prize money collected in these tournaments\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cross Country Challenge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18735241\",\n \"text\": \"were added up in a \\\"Volvo XC Challenge Order-of-Merit\\\". The top 10 on the Order-of-Merit competed for $120,000. In addition, players could get $1,000,000 bonus by winning all four of the above tournaments in one season. Volvo Cross Country Challenge The Volvo Cross Country Challenge was an unofficial women's professional golf event on the Ladies European Tour. It was held in Spain or Denmark annually between 2005 and 2007. The winner of the challenge received a Volvo. The 18-year-old Kiran Matharu from Leeds, England, had yet to learn to drive when she won the Volvo Cross Country Challenge and a\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cross Country Challenge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13824070\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo V60 The Volvo V60 is a five-door wagon produced by Volvo Cars based on the S60 compact executive car. This vehicle was released in 2011 and redesigned for the model year of 2014. It was not sold in North American markets until 2014. For 2014, a raised variant of the vehicle was released, known as the V60 Cross Country. In the beginning of October 2015, Volvo released the V60 Cross Country around the world. The second generation V60 is set to join the Volvo line up in 2018. In February 2014, Volvo unveiled a special version of the V60\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo V60\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373434\",\n \"text\": \"'DMIC'. Even though Volvo Car Corporation was owned by Ford Motor Company, Volvo's safety systems were still standard on all Volvo vehicles. Volvo has patented all its safety innovations, including SIPS, WHIPS, ROPS, DSTC, and body structures. Some of these systems were fitted to other Ford vehicles in forms similar to those of Volvo systems, but only because Volvo licensed the FOMOCO and other PAG members to use these features. A 2005 Folksam report, put the 740/940 (from 1982 on) in the 15% better than average category, the second from the top category. In 2005, when the American non-profit, non-governmental\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3210815\",\n \"text\": \"the −90 series models. Uber will use the XC60 as its autonomous fleet. The Volvo XC60 has been Volvo's best selling car, with sales increasing every year since its release in 2008. The second generation XC60 (released in 2017) has continued to set new sales records. Volvo XC60 The Volvo XC60 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2008. It is now in its second generation. The XC60 is part of Volvo's 60 Series of automobiles, along with the S60, S60 Cross Country, V60, and V60 Cross Country. The first generation model\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo XC60\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373436\",\n \"text\": \"the alarm and if the car is locked. Additionally, a heartbeat sensor warns if someone is hiding inside the car. The S80 was also the first Volvo model to feature adaptive cruise control (ACC) with Collision Warning and Brake Support (CWBS). In 2008, a French court found Volvo partially responsible for causing the death of two children and serious injuries of another in Wasselonne on 17 June 1999, when the brakes of a 1996 Volvo 850 failed. The court subjected Volvo to a €200,000 fine. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), Volvo's S80 became one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373413\",\n \"text\": \"trademark, it was also designated for the purpose of \\\"automobiles\\\"). The SKF trademark as it looks today was used instead for all the SKF-products. Some pre-series of Volvo-bearings stamped with the brand name 'Volvo' were manufactured but never released to the market, and it was not until 1927 that the trademark was used again, now as a trademark and company name for an automobile. The first Volvo car left the assembly line on 14 April 1927, and was called Volvo ÖV 4. After this the young company produced closed top and cabriolet vehicles, which were designed to hold strong in\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3210806\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo XC60 The Volvo XC60 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2008. It is now in its second generation. The XC60 is part of Volvo's 60 Series of automobiles, along with the S60, S60 Cross Country, V60, and V60 Cross Country. The first generation model introduced a new style for the 60 Series models. Along with the rest of the lineup, the first-generation XC60 was refreshed in 2013. Similarly, the second-generation model, released in 2017, is the first in the series. The XC60 concept was unveiled at the 2007 North American\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo XC60\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373455\",\n \"text\": \"GT class. The programme was expanded again in 2011, to include the Pirelli World Challenge. In 2008, Volvo entered the Swedish Touring Car Championship with a C30 powered by bioethanol E85 fuel. Robert Dahlgreen and Tommy Rustad were the drivers, finishing 5th and 10th respectively in the championship. Volvo had also signalled their intentions to enter the 2009 British Touring Car Championship with the same car. Volvo entered the V8 Supercars Championship with two S60s in 2014 with Garry Rogers Motorsport, and were immediately competitive. Following ten pole positions and four race wins, Scott McLaughlin finished fifth in the championship\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373452\",\n \"text\": \"allowed the use of aerodynamic aids in 1995. TWR then built and ran the works 850 Saloon, with six wins in 1995, and five wins in 1996, and a S40, with one win in 1997 in the BTCC, as well as Volvo placing third in the Manufacturers Championship, both in 1995 and 1996. In 1998, TWR Volvo won the British Touring Car Championship with Rickard Rydell driving the S40R. Volvo also competed in the Super Touring category with the 850 across Europe and in Australia. Australian race car driver Peter Brock drove an 850 T5 with Tony Scott in the\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373448\",\n \"text\": \"the 1964 competition. A PV544 driven by Joginder and Jaswant Singh won the Safari Rally in 1965. Volvo entered the European Touring Car Championship with the Volvo 240 Turbo in the 1980s. In the 1984 European Touring Car Championship, the Swedish team Sportpromotion won the EG Trophy at Zolder circuit, followed by placing second in the Mugello. In 1985, Volvo signed Swiss engine guru Reudi Eggenberger to run its works team through Eggenberger Motorsport. Team drivers Gianfranco Brancatelli and Thomas Lindström led the 240T to victory in the 1985 ETCC. Also in 1985, New Zealander Mark Petch had purchased a\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373441\",\n \"text\": \"wheel drive paired with a raised suspension to give it an SUV look. Volvo would later change the name to the \\\"XC70\\\" in keeping with its car naming consistent with the XC90. So a V50 is an estate (\\\"V\\\") that is smaller than the V70. Originally, Volvo was planning a different naming scheme. S and C were to be the same, but \\\"F\\\", standing for \\\"flexibility\\\", was to be used on station wagons. When Volvo introduced the first generation S40 and V40 in 1995, they were announced as the S4 and F4. However, Audi complained that it had inherent rights\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373435\",\n \"text\": \"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) released its first annual \\\"Top Safety Picks\\\" vehicles list, none of Volvo's offered vehicles in the US were included on the list. According to Russ Rader, a spokesman for IIHS, Volvo lagged behind its competitors. Dan Johnston, a Volvo spokesman, denied that the company's vehicles were any less safe than the institute's top-rated vehicles, adding that In 2006, Volvo's Personal Car Communicator (PCC) remote control was launched as an optional feature with the all-new Volvo S80. Before a driver enters their car, they can review the security level and know whether they had set\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9794918\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo V90 The Volvo V90 is a mid-size luxury wagon manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Two months after the introduction of the sedan model, the V90 was revealed at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2016. Its sedan variant is called the Volvo S90. The V90 is offered with various trim levels. Previewed before the 2016 Paris motor show, the V90 Cross Country is a raised height, AWD version of the V90 designed for use on rough terrain, unsealed roads and for light off-road usage. A special version of the V90 was announced 30 October\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo V90\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9794916\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo V90 The Volvo V90 is a mid-size luxury wagon manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Two months after the introduction of the sedan model, the V90 was revealed at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2016. Its sedan variant is called the Volvo S90. The V90 is offered with various trim levels. Previewed before the 2016 Paris motor show, the V90 Cross Country is a raised height, AWD version of the V90 designed for use on rough terrain, unsealed roads and for light off-road usage. A special version of the V90 was announced 30 October\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo V90\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3904256\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo YCC The Volvo YCC (\\\"Your Concept Car\\\") was a concept car made by Volvo Cars presented at the 2004 Geneva Motor Show, with the stated goal of meeting the particular needs of female drivers. In order to do so, Volvo assembled a design team entirely made up of women, around October 2001. It was a major exercise in ergonomics from the perspective of a female driver. Those who were involved during the several stages of the project were: Maria Widell Christiansen, Eva-Lisa Andersson, Elna Holmberg, Maria Uggla, Camilla Palmertz, Cynthia Charwick, Anna Rosén, Lena Ekelund, and Tatiana Butovitsch Temm.\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo YCC\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3717244\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo XC90 The Volvo XC90 is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars since 2002 and now in its second generation. The first generation was introduced at the 2002 North American International Auto Show and used the Volvo P2 platform shared with the first generation Volvo S80 and other large Volvo cars. It was manufactured at Volvo's Torslandaverken. Volvo moved production equipment of the first generation to China and ended Swedish production at the end of 2014, renaming the car as the Volvo XC Classic (or Volvo XC90 Classic). At the end of 2014, the second\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo XC90\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4051425\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo S90 The Volvo S90 is a mid-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Its estate variant is called the Volvo V90. For the 2017 model year (the first model year) a short and long wheelbase sedan as well as an estate model were made available. For 2017, the short wheelbase model was sold in North America and Europe, the long wheelbase model was primarily sold in China. Volvo has hinted at possible coupe variants, but not until at least 2020. Beginning with the 2018 model year, the short wheelbase sedan was discontinued, and\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo S90\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6431428\",\n \"text\": \"was used by the Malaysian Army c. 1970-1990, the Royal Malaysian Police, and civilian users like Telekom Malaysia c. 1980s. Volvo C303 Volvo Cross Country C303, (Tgb 11, A.K.A \\\"Terrängbil 11\\\", translated as \\\"Terrain Vehicle 11\\\"), is the base model of a range of military vehicles produced by Volvo. The car was developed in the late 60s based on the successful L-3314 series and went into production in 1974. This version was produced both as a 4x4 and a 6x6. An 8x8 was planned but dropped. Engines were the B30 (B20 in the prototypes) from Volvo's civilian cars. The C3\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo C303\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6431426\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo C303 Volvo Cross Country C303, (Tgb 11, A.K.A \\\"Terrängbil 11\\\", translated as \\\"Terrain Vehicle 11\\\"), is the base model of a range of military vehicles produced by Volvo. The car was developed in the late 60s based on the successful L-3314 series and went into production in 1974. This version was produced both as a 4x4 and a 6x6. An 8x8 was planned but dropped. Engines were the B30 (B20 in the prototypes) from Volvo's civilian cars. The C3 series feature portal axles with locking differentials resulting in very high ground-clearance (similar to the Unimog) and outstanding performance offroad.\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo C303\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4051376\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo V70 The Volvo V70 is an executive car manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars from 1996 to 2016 across three generations. The name V70 combines the letter V, standing for \\\"versatility\\\", and 70, denoting relative platform size (i.e., a V70 is larger than a V40, but smaller than a V90). The first generation (1996–2000) debuted in November 1996. It was based on the P80 platform and was available with front and all-wheel drive (AWD), the latter marketed as the V70 AWD. In September 1997 a crossover version called the V70 XC or V70 Cross Country was introduced. The sedan\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo V70\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3694625\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo S40 The Volvo S40 is a subcompact executive car marketed and produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1995 to 2012 across two generations. The first generation (1995–2004) was introduced in 1995 with the S40 (S from saloon) and V40 (V from versatility, estate) cars. The second generation (2004–2012) was released in 2004, and the estate variant's name changed to V50. The range was replaced by the Volvo V40 five door hatchback in 2012. During August 1995, Volvo released its new series, with the intention of calling the cars S4 and F4. However, as Audi had already reserved\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo S40\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16780049\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo Car Gent Volvo Car Gent (until 2007 known as Volvo Cars Europe Industry N.V.) is an automobile manufacturer located in the port district of Ghent in western Belgium. In recent years, the Ghent plant has become the largest Volvo plant in terms of the number of cars produced. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Swedish automaker, Volvo Personvagnar AB (Volvo Cars). Legally it is part of Volvo Car Belgium NV. Its activities comprise welding, painting and final assembly. The plant became the only car manufacturing plant in Flanders after Ford Genk closed at the end of\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Car Gent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19804064\",\n \"text\": \"won the European Car of the Year in 2018. Volvo XC40 The Volvo XC40 is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by Volvo Cars. It was revealed on 21 September 2017. Orders started in September of 2017 and manufacturing began in November 2017. The XC40 was named \\\"Car of the Year\\\" by the magazine \\\"What Car?\\\" in January 2018, and it was given the European Car of the Year award at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show. The XC40 was also awarded Carsales Car of the Year in 2018. The company plans to increase their production across 2018-2019 to meet global\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo XC40\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19804059\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo XC40 The Volvo XC40 is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by Volvo Cars. It was revealed on 21 September 2017. Orders started in September of 2017 and manufacturing began in November 2017. The XC40 was named \\\"Car of the Year\\\" by the magazine \\\"What Car?\\\" in January 2018, and it was given the European Car of the Year award at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show. The XC40 was also awarded Carsales Car of the Year in 2018. The company plans to increase their production across 2018-2019 to meet global demand. A concept car called Concept 40.1 was originally\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo XC40\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2386300\",\n \"text\": \"of the S60L T6 PHEV, limited to the Chinese market, began on 22 April 2015. The production model has an all-electric range of . A new model known as the S60 Cross Country saw a limited American release in the autumn of 2015 (as it was for the 2015 model year in Europe), with each dealership getting one car. This variant is similar to the Volvo V60 Cross Country, as it is a raised sedan variant of the S60. Limited to 500 units makes it one of the most rare cars of 2016. The Volvo S60 Polestar performance concept is\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo S60\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16780052\",\n \"text\": \"was formerly known as . In November 2016 the 6th million car was produced. NOTE: the plant's name is \\\"Volvo Car Gent\\\" and not \\\"Volvo Cars Ghent\\\". It is a proper name in which the city name is in its original Dutch format, not in English. Volvo Car Gent Volvo Car Gent (until 2007 known as Volvo Cars Europe Industry N.V.) is an automobile manufacturer located in the port district of Ghent in western Belgium. In recent years, the Ghent plant has become the largest Volvo plant in terms of the number of cars produced. The company is a wholly\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Car Gent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10996060\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo 900 Series The Volvo 900 Series is a range of executive cars produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1990 to 1998. The 900 Series was introduced in 1990 to replace the 700 Series from which it derived. Prior to the end of its production, the 960 was renamed as the Volvo S90 (saloon) and Volvo V90 (estate), and the 940 was renamed 940 Classic, becoming the last rear-wheel-drive cars from Volvo. Visible differences between the 700 and the 900 Series included redesigned rear styling of the saloon models (late 700 estates and early 900 estates are visually\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo 900 Series\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7413524\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo Philip Volvo Philip was a concept car built by Volvo in 1952. It was designed for the American market so it was fitted with a V8 engine producing at 4000 rpm and was fitted with whitewall tires and a hint of tailfins. The design was inspired by US cars and was similar to the 1951 Kaiser. The designer was Jan Wilsgaard who also designed the Volvo Amazon. However it was cancelled by the board and never reached production and only one car was made. That car was used for several years by the board at Bolinder-Munktell in Eskilstuna, and\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Philip\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4051428\",\n \"text\": \"The more powerful petrol engines are compound charged, as is the plug-in hybrid variant called the \\\"T8\\\". The D5 diesel engine features Volvo's new \\\"PowerPulse\\\" technology that is designed to eliminate turbo lag, as well as an i Art injection system. Volvo S90 The Volvo S90 is a mid-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2016. Its estate variant is called the Volvo V90. For the 2017 model year (the first model year) a short and long wheelbase sedan as well as an estate model were made available. For 2017, the short wheelbase model was\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo S90\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2386503\",\n \"text\": \"own cars, and threatened to cancel all their contracts with Karmann if they took on this car. This setback almost caused the project to be abandoned. Other German firms, NSU, Drautz and Hanomag, were contacted but none was chosen because Volvo did not believe they met Volvo's manufacturing quality-control standards. It began to appear that Volvo might never produce the P1800. This motivated Helmer Petterson to obtain financial backing from two financial firms with the intention of buying the components directly from Volvo and marketing the car himself. At this point Volvo had made no mention of the P1800 and\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo P1800\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373450\",\n \"text\": \"being for John Bowe, who had driven the Volvo with Francevic at the 1985 Bathurst 1000. Volvo contracted Belgian based team RAS Sport to be its works team in the ETCC in 1986, following Eggengerger moving to race Ford Sierra's. This team included defending champion Lindström, joined by ex-Formula One and Grand Prix motorcycle racer Johnny Cecotto, as well as Ulf Granberg and Anders Olofsson. The team took wins at wins at Hockenheim, Anderstorp, Brno, Österreichring and Zolder, though the wins at Anderstorp and the Österreichring were disqualified due to the use of illegal fuel. The 240T also entered the\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373426\",\n \"text\": \"history. Volvo reported strong sales from all three core global regions. Sales in Europe rose 10% in 2015 to 269k, representing over 50% of total global volume. Volvo’s revival in the US gained momentum, with sales up 24% in 2015, while China was flat amid a challenging sales environment, but sales were up 11% in the fourth quarter. In July 2017, the automaker announced that beginning in 2019, all of its new models will include an electric motor in their powertrain. Implementation of the announcement could mean Volvo becoming the first manufacturer to end production of internal combustion-only vehicles, with\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Cars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10220074\",\n \"text\": \"such as traction control, leather interior, power glass sunroof, power seats, heated seats, remote keyless entry, automatic climate control, and automatic transmission. Beginning with their 1995 model year, Volvo introduced the SIPS-Bag on the 850; these airbags were included as standard equipment on the 1995 Turbo models, and were optional for an additional $500 on other 850 models. This made the Volvo 850 the first mass-produced car in the world to feature the side-impact airbags. The SIPS became standard equipment for all new Volvo cars beginning with the 1996 model year. In 1995, the Volvo 850 was ranked the fourth-safest\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo 850\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2373765\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo 140 Series The Volvo 140 Series is a line of mid-size cars manufactured and marketed by Volvo from 1966 to 1974 in two- and four-door sedan (models 142 and 144 respectively) as well as five door station wagon (model 145) body styles—with numerous intermediate facelifts. More than a million Volvo 140s were built. Volvo Cars began manufacturing the Volvo 144 at Torslandaverken in the late summer of 1966 for the 1967 model year. The 144 series, which followed the Volvo Amazon (replacing it in its fourth model year), was the first Volvo to use a tri-digit nomenclature, indicating series,\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo 140 Series\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16748376\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo LV4 The Volvo LV4 was a light truck produced by Swedish automaker Volvo between 1928 and 1930. The designation LV4 stands for LastVagn (“truck”), 4 cylinders. Volvo introduced its first truck, LV Series 1, in early 1928. The truck shared many components with Volvos passenger cars ÖV4 and PV4, including powertrain, but the truck had a more powerful chassis which was built on two different wheelbases: 3.3 and 3.7 m. Despite the small four-cylinder side-valve engine the truck was a sales success, unlike the passenger cars. After an initial series of 500 Series 1 trucks, Volvo presented the stronger\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo LV4\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"443655\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo The Volvo Group (; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo) (stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing company headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks. Automobile manufacturer Volvo Cars, also based in Gothenburg, was part of AB Volvo until 1999, when it was sold to the Ford Motor Company. Since 2010 it has been owned by the Geely Holding Group, a Chinese\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"443666\",\n \"text\": \"€1.6 billion, leaving Swedish industrial investment group as the largest shareholder, with 6.2% of the share capital and 18.7% of the voting rights. That same year, Volvo sold Volvo Aero to the British company GKN. In 2017 Volvo Cars owner Geely became the largest Volvo shareholder by number of shares after acquiring an 8.2% stake, displacing Industrivärden. Industrivärden kept more voting rights than Geely (Geely getting a 15.8%). In December 2013, Volvo sold its Volvo Construction Equipment Rents division to Platinum Equity. In 2014, Volvo's Volvo Construction Equipment acquired the haul truck manufacturing division of Terex Corporation, which included five\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3303491\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo 200 Series The Volvo 200 series was a range of mid-size cars produced by Volvo Cars from 1974 to 1993, with more than 2.8 million units sold worldwide. Like the Volvo 140 Series from which it was developed, it was designed by Jan Wilsgaard. It overlapped production of the Volvo 700 Series introduced in 1982. As the 240 remained popular, only the 260 was displaced by the 700 series — which Volvo marketed alongside the 240 for another decade. The 700 series was replaced a year before the 240 was discontinued. Production of the 240 ended on 14 May\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo 200 Series\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10996074\",\n \"text\": \"derivatives ended on 5 February 1998. The S90/V90 nameplate returned to use when Volvo introduced its flagship model in 2016. These engines were offered in the 900 Series vehicles over the years: Volvo offered various transmissions depending on the year/model/engine combinations including the: Volvo 900 Series The Volvo 900 Series is a range of executive cars produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1990 to 1998. The 900 Series was introduced in 1990 to replace the 700 Series from which it derived. Prior to the end of its production, the 960 was renamed as the Volvo S90 (saloon) and\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo 900 Series\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8451357\",\n \"text\": \"outbreak of the Second World War production continued, to provide transportation to the Swedish Armed Forces and other official functions. Most of these war time cars had a wood gas generator mounted on a trailer behind the car, since the engine had been converted to run on this domestic fuel. Volvo PV51 The Volvo PV51 is an automobile introduced by Volvo in December 1936. It was replaced by the mildly restyled PV53 in 1938. This car remained in production until the end of the Second World War. The Volvo cars were quite expensive compared to their imported competitors. The PV51\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo PV51\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2386514\",\n \"text\": \"June 13, 2010 during the Viking Classic Auto Show, celebrating the first presentation of the P1800 to the public at the Brussels Motor Show in 1960. The show featured more than 350 Volvo cars, approximately 80 Volvo P1800s Europe as well as the original the prototype — along with designer Pelle Petterson as well as Irv Gordon. The event was promoted by Volvo Cars Heritage. A 1966 Volvo 1800S and its owner Irv Gordon of East Patchogue, New York, have the Guinness world record for highest mileage. Gordon, who has driven the same vehicle since 1966, has driven about 26,000\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo P1800\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20772886\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo R The Volvo R marque represents the high-performance division of cars produced by Volvo. The R marque refers to \\\"Refined\\\", since Volvo markets R-designated vehicles as being the most performance-oriented trim level. The first vehicle in the Volvo R marque lineup, the Volvo 850 R, was introduced in 1995, followed by the Volvo S70 R and Volvo V70 R in 1998. A related performance trim line, Volvo R-Design, was launched for 2008. Volvo's high-performance vehicles are now developed by their Polestar division, although most Volvo models are offered in an R-Design trim level. \\\"Further information: Volvo 850 T-5R\\\" For\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo R\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3303527\",\n \"text\": \"for using at unlimited banger meetings. In the United States, 240s regularly appear in low-budget endurance racing series such as 24 Hours of LeMons, where the 240 reliability, durability, and easy parts availability are much appreciated. Volvo 200 Series The Volvo 200 series was a range of mid-size cars produced by Volvo Cars from 1974 to 1993, with more than 2.8 million units sold worldwide. Like the Volvo 140 Series from which it was developed, it was designed by Jan Wilsgaard. It overlapped production of the Volvo 700 Series introduced in 1982. As the 240 remained popular, only the 260\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo 200 Series\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20772895\",\n \"text\": \"slightly more horsepower, and a firmer suspension. Most R-Design models are designated by an R-Design badge on the right of the grille, as well as silver or black side view mirror caps. Volvo R The Volvo R marque represents the high-performance division of cars produced by Volvo. The R marque refers to \\\"Refined\\\", since Volvo markets R-designated vehicles as being the most performance-oriented trim level. The first vehicle in the Volvo R marque lineup, the Volvo 850 R, was introduced in 1995, followed by the Volvo S70 R and Volvo V70 R in 1998. A related performance trim line, Volvo\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo R\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3236559\",\n \"text\": \"Standard certified wind farm project in Izmir, Turkey. In the One Tonne Life project, the Lindell family lived in a temporary home from A-hus and drove Volvo C30 Electric. The project house was designed by architect Gert Wingårdh. Volvo C30 was used in The Twilight Saga. Volvo C30 The Volvo C30 is a three-door, front-engine, front-wheel-drive premium compact hatchback, manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars for model years 2006-2013 in a single generation. Powered by inline-four and straight-five engines, the C30 is variant of the Volvo S40/V50/C70 range, sharing the same Ford C1/Volvo P1 platform. Volvo marketed the C30 as\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo C30\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18305543\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform The Volvo Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) platform is a global full-size unibody automobile platform developed and manufactured by Volvo Cars. It debuted in 2014 when the second-generation Volvo XC90 was released. With SPA, Volvo claims it \\\"enables significant improvements when it comes to offering protection in worst-case scenarios and when creating innovative features that support the driver in avoiding accidents.\\\" Volvo has invested 90 billion SEK in the platform. All SPA based cars will be delivered with 4 cylinder engines. The diesel and petrol engines share the same Volvo Engine Architecture, and Volvo can build\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3236525\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo C30 The Volvo C30 is a three-door, front-engine, front-wheel-drive premium compact hatchback, manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars for model years 2006-2013 in a single generation. Powered by inline-four and straight-five engines, the C30 is variant of the Volvo S40/V50/C70 range, sharing the same Ford C1/Volvo P1 platform. Volvo marketed the C30 as a premium hatchback / sports coupe. The C30's rear styling and frameless glass rear hatch recall Volvo's earlier P1800 ES and Volvo 480. A production version of C30 T5 with 160-watt sound system was officially unveiled at the 2006 Paris Motor Show. Early model includes T5\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo C30\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8374350\",\n \"text\": \"D5244T5 was labelled '2.4D' as a (software) detuned version of the D5244T4 'D5' on the 05-09 range. Volvo D5 engine The Volvo D5 is a type of turbocharged diesel engine developed by Volvo Cars for use in its passenger cars. The D5 engine is based on Volvo Modular engine, one of the most compact and strongest engine blocks on the market, designed and dimensioned from the very outset to be able to accommodate diesel power. It is an all aluminium five-cylinder engine with 20 valves and double overhead camshafts. In all but one late version it has a VGT turbocharger\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo D5 engine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8374345\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo D5 engine The Volvo D5 is a type of turbocharged diesel engine developed by Volvo Cars for use in its passenger cars. The D5 engine is based on Volvo Modular engine, one of the most compact and strongest engine blocks on the market, designed and dimensioned from the very outset to be able to accommodate diesel power. It is an all aluminium five-cylinder engine with 20 valves and double overhead camshafts. In all but one late version it has a VGT turbocharger of the type VNT (variable nozzle turbine), common rail direct injection and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo D5 engine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18305544\",\n \"text\": \"530,000 engines per year. Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform The Volvo Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) platform is a global full-size unibody automobile platform developed and manufactured by Volvo Cars. It debuted in 2014 when the second-generation Volvo XC90 was released. With SPA, Volvo claims it \\\"enables significant improvements when it comes to offering protection in worst-case scenarios and when creating innovative features that support the driver in avoiding accidents.\\\" Volvo has invested 90 billion SEK in the platform. All SPA based cars will be delivered with 4 cylinder engines. The diesel and petrol engines share the same Volvo Engine Architecture,\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo Scalable Product Architecture platform\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2386513\",\n \"text\": \"a Jaguar E-Type and the Volvo P1800. Jaguar was first offered the opportunity to provide an E-Type for the TV series but declined. Volvo accepted and offered a P1800, leading to increased sales. Initially, Volvo lent two cars for the series, one for static studio shots and the other for moving shots. When the P1800S came along, one of the earlier cars was cut up to allow better interior shots. When the series \\\"Return of the Saint\\\" was created in the 1970s, Jaguar offered the XJ-S for the series. The 50th anniversary of the P1800 took place in France on\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo P1800\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3717265\",\n \"text\": \". Deliveries of the XC90 T8 PHEV began in the United States in August 2015. Sales in Europe totaled 2,653 units in 2015. Cumulative sales in the U.S. totaled 488 units up until February 2016. According to Volvo, sales of the plug-in variant represent 20% of Volvo XC90 global sales by mid-March 2016. Volvo XC90 The Volvo XC90 is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars since 2002 and now in its second generation. The first generation was introduced at the 2002 North American International Auto Show and used the Volvo P2 platform shared with the\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo XC90\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2869349\",\n \"text\": \"Volvo V50 \\\"For the sedan variant of the car, see Volvo S40.\\\" Volvo Cars introduced the Volvo V50 at the 2003 Bologna Motor Show as the station wagon version of the Volvo S40 small family car — manufacturing both models at their facility in Ghent, Belgium. Sharing the Ford C1 platform with the European Ford Focus and the Mazda 3, the V50 featured interior \\\"theatre\\\" lighting, a floating center stack and \\\"Volvo Intelligent Vehicle Architecture\\\". The V50 T5 AWD featured all-wheel drive and a straight-5 2.5 litre petrol engine, with a light pressure turbocharger, four valves per cylinder and a\",\n \"title\": \"Volvo V50\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["sweden"],"string":"[\n \"sweden\"\n]","isConversational":false}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":17,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":2457,"offset":1700,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImtpZCI6IjVHZDBvd0g5MTM2eDZjc1FvbE1zcktNWUZoRVFoUm5PVVVybEpjOUhaUEEifQ.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc4NjE2MzkwMSwianRpIjoiMjcxYTk1OWUtNTVlZC00OGMzLWEwMTAtNmU2OWZlMjk0YmNlIiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3ZzZWFyY2gvd2VicSIsImV4cCI6MTc4NjE2NzUwMSwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9odWdnaW5nZmFjZS5jbyJ9.oqX7ue6TiMlXbiKEa1p9RVO6JLNvUxM2yvezzMDrprzhHKm8ltMseXD2GqBvqP4BuDq9bxUhvaOYKlkVSfzlDA","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":2457,"numBytesParquet":78323682},{"config":"default","split":"validation","numRows":278,"numBytesParquet":8786475},{"config":"default","split":"test","numRows":2032,"numBytesParquet":124921}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
question stringlengths 16 81 | positive_ctxs list | negative_ctxs list | hard_negative_ctxs list | answers list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
what type of poetry does john donne write? | [
{
"psg_id": "211327",
"text": "John Donne John Donne ( ; 22 January 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet and cleric in the Church of England. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the metaphysical poets. His works are noted for their strong, sensual style and include sonnets, love poems, r... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "211353",
"text": "compares two lovers who are separated like the two legs of a compass. Donne's works are also witty, employing paradoxes, puns, and subtle yet remarkable analogies. His pieces are often ironic and cynical, especially regarding love and human motives. Common subjects of Donne's ... | [
"metaphysical poets"
] |
where did helen keller die? | [
{
"psg_id": "186519",
"text": "B. Johnson awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the United States' two highest civilian honors. In 1965 she was elected to the National Women's Hall of Fame at the New York World's Fair. Keller devoted much of her later life to raising funds for the American F... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6528301",
"text": "Helen Keller! The Musical \"Helen Keller! The Musical\" is the thirteenth episode of the fourth season of the animated television series \"South Park\" and the 61st episode of the series overall. \"Helen Keller! The Musical\" originally aired in the United States on November ... | [
"easton"
] |
what did jeff corwin major in? | [
{
"psg_id": "3775497",
"text": "2017, Corwin was sued by an elderly couple in Norwell, Massachusetts for trespassing on the couple's property, chopping down woods to create a hunting ground, and illegally hunting deer. Jeff Corwin Jeffrey Corwin (born July 11, 1967) is an American biologist and wildlife con... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3775492",
"text": "the United Nations regarding the need to conserve neotropical rain forests. Corwin lectures on wildlife, gold mining, ecology and conservation to audiences throughout the United States. In 1994, Corwin served as expedition naturalist for the documentary series titled The JASO... | [
"biologist"
] |
where did johann sebastian bach live? | [
{
"psg_id": "14325762",
"text": "Johann Sebastian Bach (painter) Johann Sebastian Bach (26 September 1748 – 11 September 1778) was a German painter. He was the son of composer Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and the grandson of composer Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach was born in Berlin. He studied under Adam Friedri... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9838860",
"text": "Church remembers Bach and Handel with Heinrich Schütz. Scores Recordings Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. He is known for instrumental compositions such as the \"Brandenburg Concertos\" and th... | [
"arnstadt",
"köthen (anhalt)",
"leipzig",
"weimar",
"mühlhausen",
"eisenach",
"lüneburg",
"ohrdruf"
] |
who did bynum get traded to? | [
{
"psg_id": "5430162",
"text": "Bynum averaged 16.0 points, 13.0 rebounds, and 6.0 blocks. As a senior, he averaged 22.4 points, 16.8 rebounds and 5.3 blocks per game. During his junior and senior year at St. Joseph High School, Bynum finished his high school career averaging 19.2 points, 14.9 rebounds, and... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5430160",
"text": "ever to play in an NBA game. After seven seasons with the Lakers, he was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers in 2012 as part of a four-team deal that sent All-Star center Dwight Howard to Los Angeles. Bynum missed the entire 2012–13 season because of knee problems. He signed as ... | [
"west windsor-plainsboro high school north",
"st. joseph high school",
"solebury school"
] |
who taught michelangelo to sculpt? | [
{
"psg_id": "282279",
"text": "in fresco painting, perspective, figure drawing and portraiture who had the largest workshop in Florence. In 1488, at age 13, Michelangelo was apprenticed to Ghirlandaio. The next year, his father persuaded Ghirlandaio to pay Michelangelo as an artist, which was rare for someo... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11071239",
"text": "Michelangelo phenomenon The Michelangelo phenomenon is a phenomenon observed by psychologists in which interdependent individuals influence and \"sculpt\" each other (opposite of Blueberry phenomenon, in which interdependent individuals bring out the worst qualities in each ... | [
"lorenzo de' medici",
"domenico ghirlandaio",
"giovanni pico della mirandola",
"girolamo savonarola",
"melozzo da forlì"
] |
who plays moira on the l word? | [
{
"psg_id": "2055090",
"text": "Moira MacTaggert Dr. Moira Kinross MacTaggert (sometimes spelled \"MacTaggart\", \"McTaggart\", \"McTaggert\") née Kinross is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, most commonly in association with the X-Men. She works as a geneti... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20020875",
"text": "The L Word (season 3) The third season of \"The L Word\" was broadcast on 12 episodes from January 8, to March 26, 2006 on Showtime. The season begins six months after the birth of Tina and Bette's daughter, Angelica. New characters in this season include Moira Sweeney (a wo... | [
"rose byrne"
] |
who was the members of blackstreet? | [
{
"psg_id": "1701203",
"text": "in music). After several failed attempts to keep Blackstreet together, all members eventually continued with solo careers for a time. However, in 2014 it was announced that past members Chauncey Black, Levi Little, Mark Middleton and Eric Williams were back together under the... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19219316",
"text": "Business Roundtable. Blackstreet Capital Management Blackstreet Capital Management, LLC is a private equity firm that invests in and operates small to mid-sized distressed companies. The firm was founded in 2002 by Murry Gunty, who still acts as managing partner. Blackstreet... | [
"tony tyler",
"levi little",
"terrell phillips",
"eric williams",
"edward theodore riley",
"mark middleton",
"glenn adams",
"joseph stonestreet",
"chauncey black",
"dave hollister"
] |
what does a american rottweiler look like? | [
{
"psg_id": "1940434",
"text": "missing the undercoat. Rottweiler coats tend to be low maintenance, although they experience heavy shedding before their seasons (females) or seasonally (males). According to American Kennel Club breed standards, a Rottweiler's coat is short and straight. A coat that is long ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16002935",
"text": "on the group's previous works. Anderson called it \"intensely involving despite being largely arrhythmic.\" As Miller described \"Genetic,\" \"It opens with a pulsating analog synth melody and ascendant vocals that sound like the closing hymn from a much distant church—resou... | [
"tan",
"black",
"mahogany"
] |
who created the character of sherlock holmes? | [
{
"psg_id": "9592358",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes Baffled Sherlock Holmes Baffled is a very short American silent film created in 1900 with cinematography by Arthur Marvin. It is the earliest known film to feature Arthur Conan Doyle's detective character Sherlock Holmes, albeit in a form unlike that of later ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6601163",
"text": "An animated series, \"Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century\", brings Holmes into the future through the marvels of science. There is also a Japanese animated series called \"Sherlock Hound\" featuring anthropomorphic canine characters. Several of its episodes were directed by ... | [
"arthur conan doyle"
] |
what does scottish people speak? | [
{
"psg_id": "16318627",
"text": "English language. Today, Scotland has a population of just over five million people, the majority of whom consider themselves Scottish. In addition, there are many more people with Scots ancestry living abroad than the total population of Scotland. In the 2013 American Commu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16318651",
"text": "language for publications from the 18th century to the present day. Today most Scottish people speak Scottish English, which has some distinctive vocabulary and may be influenced to varying degrees by Scots. Lowland Scots, also known as Lallans or Doric, is a language of Ger... | [
"english language"
] |
who all has kim kardashian dated? | [
{
"psg_id": "12488656",
"text": "by Kardashian and Ray J in 2003 was leaked. Kardashian filed a lawsuit against Vivid Entertainment, who distributed the film as \"Kim K Superstar\". She later dropped the suit and settled for a reported 5 million. In October 2007 Kardashian, in addition to her mother Kris Je... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12488666",
"text": "Old Navy commercial featuring the actress singing and dancing. Kim Kardashian claimed that Old Navy used Molinaro as a look alike to Kim in order to promote their brand. Kim Kardashian was also seeking order to have the actress/model Molinaro banned from Old Navy commercials... | [
"kanye west",
"reggie bush",
"ray j"
] |
who are the main trading partners of china? | [
{
"psg_id": "381723",
"text": "of 2016 is led by banking (including Banco Santander and BBVA), clothing (Inditex), telecommunications (Telefónica) and energy (Iberdrola). Traditionally until 2008, most exports and imports from Spain were held with the countries of the European Union: France, Germany, Italy,... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12618503",
"text": "Commodity trading in China Commodity trading in China has a short but high-growth history. With an increasing product variety and deepening liquidity pools, the mainland's futures market is playing an increasingly important role in serving the national economy. At present, t... | [
"madagascar",
"angola",
"algeria",
"sudan",
"tuvalu",
"tanzania",
"nepal",
"djibouti",
"laos",
"sierra leone"
] |
what instruments did vivaldi wrote concertos for? | [
{
"psg_id": "7118",
"text": "as an outstanding instance of pre-19th century program music. Vivaldi wrote more than 500 other concertos. About 350 of these are for solo instrument and strings, of which 230 are for violin, the others being for bassoon, cello, oboe, flute, viola d'amore, recorder, lute, or man... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1508869",
"text": "as follows: There is some debate as to whether the four concertos were written to accompany four sonnets or vice versa. Though it is not known who wrote the accompanying sonnets, the theory that Vivaldi wrote them is supported by the fact that each sonnet is broken into three... | [
"violin"
] |
what book did john steinbeck wrote about the people in the dust bowl? | [
{
"psg_id": "705485",
"text": "gave her the perception as a Dust Bowl \"Okie.\" The work of independent artists was also influenced by the crises of the Dust Bowl and the Depression. Author John Steinbeck, wrote \"The Grapes of Wrath\" (1939) about migrant workers and farm families displaced by the Dust Bow... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "211164",
"text": "asocial individuals who, in their wild revels, are almost caricatures of King Arthur's Knights of the Round Table. It has been said that in the United States this book came as a welcome antidote to the gloom of the then prevailing depression.\" \"Tortilla Flat\" was adapted as... | [
"the grapes of wrath"
] |
what land did god promise joshua? | [
{
"psg_id": "40271",
"text": "Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE, and possibly after the return from the Babylonian exile in 538 BCE. The overarching theological theme of the Deuteronomistic history is faithfulness and God's mercy, and their opposites, faithlessness and God's wrath. In the Book of Judges, the... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20558752",
"text": "failed relationships and one-night stands and wonders to himself if he could have been the one to provide her the lasting relationship she had been longing for. The single peaked at No. 4 in February 1978 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, and No. 2 on the Canad... | [
"canaan"
] |
who is the voice of family guys meg griffin? | [
{
"psg_id": "3271362",
"text": "the Fox Broadcasting Company, based on \"The Life of Larry\" and \"Larry & Steve\", two shorts made by MacFarlane featuring a middle-aged man named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve. After the pilot was given the greenlight, the Griffin family appeared in the episode \"Dea... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3271361",
"text": "Meg Griffin Megan \"Meg\" Griffin is a fictional character in the animated television series \"Family Guy\". Meg is the eldest child of Peter and Lois Griffin and older sister of Stewie and Chris, but is also the family's scapegoat who receives the least of their attention an... | [
"mila kunis"
] |
what countries did queen elizabeth i rule? | [
{
"psg_id": "20418850",
"text": "was dedicated to social and economic matters. The Poor Laws of 1597-98 were codified into a new Act which remained on the Statute Book until 1834. A number of bills concerning alehouses and drunkenness, blasphemy, regulation of weights and measures, and the enforcement of ch... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11942400",
"text": "Retro Productions in New York City at the Spoon Theater. This production was attended and praised by A.R. Gurney and his extended family, and directed by Ric Sechrest. A professional revival was staged in Houston, Texas in 2003, directed by Kelley Williams. The Cast was as f... | [
"england"
] |
what channel is the mtv vma awards on? | [
{
"psg_id": "18159348",
"text": "of the score. MTV VMA Score 2005 MTV VMA Score 2005 is a two-part soundtrack album for the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards. The score was written and produced by Mike Shinoda and Lil Jon. An EP was released on August 31, 2005 in support of the award function. The soundtrack was ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10104492",
"text": "for the pre-show, was promoted to the main event. Other highlights included Eminem performing amidst an army of \"Slim Shady\" lookalikes and a humorous montage dedicated to past VMA winners who had failed to repeat their previous success. This was Aaliyah's last appearance ... | [
"mtv"
] |
what type of government does the nigeria have? | [
{
"psg_id": "283849",
"text": "Federal government of Nigeria The federal government of Nigeria is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the Constitution of Nigeria in the National Assembly, the President, and the federal courts, including the S... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19980608",
"text": "feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal... | [
"presidential system",
"federal republic",
"federation"
] |
where is usc from? | [
{
"psg_id": "18260894",
"text": "division were not scheduled to play each other every year; however, the conference elected to maintain the \"historic California rivalries\", including both the Stanford–USC rivalry and the Cal-UCLA rivalry. Both teams being ranked entering the game was once a rare occurrenc... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18226674",
"text": "USC Paloma USC Paloma Hamburg is a German association football club from the city of Hamburg. The club was formed in August 1909 by a group of sports-mad juveniles and takes its name from the Spanish word for dove. A multi-sport club, \"Paloma\" has departments for badminton... | [
"united states of america",
"california",
"los angeles"
] |
where great britain on the world map? | [
{
"psg_id": "10971570",
"text": "Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. In 2011, Great Britain had a ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19129446",
"text": "kg Monika Markowska from Jersey, UK. Great Britain at the 2017 World Games Great Britain is scheduled to compete at the World Games 2017 in Wroclaw, Poland, from July 20, 2017 to July, 30 2017. Great Britain has qualified at the 2017 World Games: Great Britain has qualified ... | [
"europe"
] |
what is president abraham lincoln known for? | [
{
"psg_id": "6259408",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery The Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery covers in Elwood, Illinois. It is located approximately southwest of Chicago, Illinois. When fully completed, it will provide 400,000 burial spaces. The cemetery was dedicated in 1999 by the United States... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14494967",
"text": "committee. The ALI Board of Directors present two awards annually. The Hay-Nicolay Dissertation Prize is given in conjunction with the Abraham Lincoln Association for what these two organizations consider to be the previous year’s most noteworthy dissertation on the subject ... | [
"president of the united states"
] |
who did cristina yang's husband cheated on her with? | [
{
"psg_id": "9037196",
"text": "award from her 3-D printing of a heart conduit. Grey and Yang reconcile when Grey acknowledges that Yang is correct, she has surpassed Grey, and that Grey is jealous of Yang's professional freedom and success, while her own is hampered by her family. Cristina is nominated for... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9037189",
"text": "and begins bartending and eventually throws a housewarming party. Derek helps Cristina emotionally and she ultimately decides to go to work after helping the victim of a school shooting. Yang discovers she is pregnant with Hunt's child, and decides to get an abortion. Though ... | [
"preston burke"
] |
what year did the vietnam war happen? | [
{
"psg_id": "13858948",
"text": "Land mines in the Vietnam War Since the outbreak of the First Indochina War in 1946 and later the bloodier Second Indochina War of the 1960s and 1970s, countless numbers of land mines have been planted in what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Many of these devices t... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14910963",
"text": "brightest of the nu-eyed-soul set\". What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \"Basel... | [
"1960s"
] |
where do the broncos play? | [
{
"psg_id": "106534",
"text": "Denver Broncos The Denver Broncos are a professional American football franchise based in Denver, Colorado. The Broncos compete as a member club of the National Football League (NFL)'s American Football Conference (AFC) West division. They began play in 1960 as a charter membe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11729661",
"text": "Where Do the Children Play? \"Where Do the Children Play?\" is a song by British folk-rock musician Cat Stevens, opening his November 1970 album \"Tea for the Tillerman\". The song reflects awareness of the turmoil of the late 1960s and the issues involved: war, urban sprawl... | [
"sports authority field at mile high"
] |
who inspired antonio vivaldi? | [
{
"psg_id": "7112",
"text": "of Bologna, is anonymous and is thought to depict Vivaldi due to its strong resemblance to the La Cave engraving. Vivaldi's music was innovative. He brightened the formal and rhythmic structure of the concerto, in which he looked for harmonic contrasts and innovative melodies an... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7084",
"text": "the register of San Giovanni in Bragora. Vivaldi had eight siblings: Iseppo Santo Vivaldi, Iseppo Gaetano Vivaldi, Bonaventura Tomaso Vivaldi, Margarita Gabriela Vivaldi, Cecilia Maria Vivaldi, Gerolama Michela Vivaldi, Francesco Gaetano Vivaldi, and Zanetta Anna Vivaldi. Giovan... | [
"johann sebastian bach"
] |
what type of currency is used in puerto rico? | [
{
"psg_id": "12444919",
"text": "significant changes: the name of the island was changed to \"Porto Rico\" (it was changed back to Puerto Rico in 1932) and the currency was changed from the Puerto Rican peso to the United States dollar. Freedom of assembly, speech, press, and religion were decreed and an ei... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7039382",
"text": "6, 1900. Thus, the bank continued issuing provincial currency in Puerto Rico, but was renamed \"El Banco de Puerto Rico\" or Bank of Puerto Rico. The capital used by the currency was changed from \"peso\" to dollars, giving birth to the Puerto Rican dollar. A proposal to prin... | [
"united states dollar"
] |
what currency is used in france before euro? | [
{
"psg_id": "121804",
"text": "the highest weighting. With the exception of Bosnia, Bulgaria, Macedonia (which had pegged their currencies against the Deutsche Mark) and Cape Verde (formerly pegged to the Portuguese escudo), all of these non-EU countries had a currency peg to the French Franc before pegging... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18209159",
"text": "Euro Currency Index The Euro Currency Index (EUR_I) represents the arithmetic ratio of four major currencies against the Euro: US-Dollar, British Pound, Japanese Yen and Swiss Franc. All currencies are expressed in units of currency per Euro. The index was launched in 2004 b... | [
"french franc",
"assignat"
] |
what is the most practiced religion in the united states? | [
{
"psg_id": "16926022",
"text": "is an Islamic school based in St. Croix, known as Iqra academy. There is a Buddhist temple located on the island of St. Thomas and more. As in most of the Caribbean, various forms of Rastafari are practiced on the island. Religion in the United States Virgin Islands Religion... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2825123",
"text": "Highlights: The table below shows the religious affiliations among the ethnicities in the United States, according to the Pew Forum 2014 survey. People of Black ethnicity were most likely to be part of a formal religion, with 85% percent being Christians. Protestant denominat... | [
"christianity"
] |
where was my honda motorcycle made? | [
{
"psg_id": "13729942",
"text": "Honda DN-01 The Honda DN-01 is a cruiser motorcycle made by Honda from 2008 to 2010. It was introduced at the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show and went on sale in Japan and Europe in 2008, in the United States in 2009, and was discontinued at the end of 2010. The Honda DN-01 is one of ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17682160",
"text": "15 percent to 1.7 million due to political turmoil and delayed payments for farmers under the rice-pledging scheme. Thailand's motorcycle sales in 2015 totalled 1.68 million bikes, down one percent from 2014. In the first four months of 2016, 559,915 motorcycles were sold, d... | [
"tokyo"
] |
what is st james palace? | [
{
"psg_id": "2227626",
"text": "St James's Palace St James's Palace is the most senior royal palace in the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, although no longer the principal residence of the monarch, it is the ceremonial meeting place of the Accession Council and the London residence of se... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18310654",
"text": "Poland Street and Marshall Street. St James Workhouse The St James Workhouse opened in 1725 on Poland Street in the Soho area of London, England, in what was then the parish of Westminster St James, and continued well into the nineteenth century. Higgington conjectured that ... | [
"palace"
] |
what airport to fly into to get to clearwater florida? | [
{
"psg_id": "11211631",
"text": "Clearwater Air Park Clearwater Air Park is a city-owned public-use airport located northeast of the central business district of Clearwater, a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. Clearwater Air Park covers an area of which contains one asphalt paved runway (16/3... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10201899",
"text": "about him having to fly on the \"company\" jet for work and instructs Marge to meet him at the airport in an hour. Homer pays a Marine to fly him into the air, so he can tell Marge up in the air with luxury so she will not get upset. Once in the air, Marge cannot believe all... | [
"clearwater air park"
] |
who has britney spears married? | [
{
"psg_id": "7189908",
"text": "Blackout (Britney Spears album) Blackout is the fifth studio album by American singer Britney Spears. It was released on October 25, 2007 through Jive Records. Opting to re-establish her music career after her fourth studio album, \"In the Zone\" (2003), she began planning th... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "38037",
"text": "that.\" Marina and the Diamonds named Spears as the main influence behind her album \"Electra Heart\". Spears has had a direct influence on singer Porcelain Black's work after growing up around her music as a child. Black describes her music as a \"love child between\" Marilyn ... | [
"jason allen alexander",
"kevin federline"
] |
what currency is used in hungary? | [
{
"psg_id": "174697",
"text": "2008. The most visited region is Budapest, the Hungarian capital attracted 3,61 million visitors in 2008. Hungary was the world's 24th most visited country in 2011. The Hungarian spa culture is world-famous, with thermal baths of all sorts and over 50 spa hotels located in man... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10159600",
"text": "Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count ... | [
"hungarian forint"
] |
what currency do they use in qatar? | [
{
"psg_id": "6480071",
"text": "Qatar Central Bank The Qatar Central Bank () is the central bank of Qatar. The Qatar Central Bank was originally the Qatar Monetary Agency (and was known before that as Qatar Dubai Currency Board), founded on May 13, 1973 after Dubai joined the United Arab Emirates and diseng... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7657272",
"text": "Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \"Working\" is a... | [
"qatari riyal"
] |
what years did the red sox win the world series? | [
{
"psg_id": "7604967",
"text": "to win a best-of-seven games series after being down three games to none, as would the 2010 Philadelphia Flyers and 2014 Los Angeles Kings. The Red Sox faced the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2004 World Series. The Cardinals had posted the best record in MLB in 2004, and had pre... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10547855",
"text": "vs. the Angels, and needed to win the second game to tie the Red Sox for first place. But their bullpen failed, and the Angels' Rick Reichardt hit a home run in an 8–5 Angel win. The Red Sox had won their first American League pennant in 21 years. Mayor of Boston John F. Col... | [
"1918 world series",
"2007 world series",
"2004 world series",
"1903 world series",
"1912 world series",
"1916 world series",
"1915 world series"
] |
what war was woodrow wilson president for? | [
{
"psg_id": "463261",
"text": "Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the President of Princeton University ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4756453",
"text": "Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (or Wilson Center), located in Washington, D.C., is a United States Presidential Memorial that was established as part of the Smithsonian Institution by an act of Congress in... | [
"world war i"
] |
who is carl edwards racing for? | [
{
"psg_id": "18557723",
"text": "Carl Edwards Carl Michael Edwards II (born August 15, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that, he drove the No. 99 Ford Fusion for ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18557768",
"text": "first cousin once removed to fellow driver Ken Schrader, who told Edwards early in his racing career to get dirt track experience before going to Cup; he would later take the advice. In light of this relationship, Edwards is often referred to as \"Cousin Carl.\" During a vis... | [
"roush fenway racing"
] |
what to do in panama city beach in february? | [
{
"psg_id": "1032167",
"text": "city is also home to the U.S. Navy's Naval Support Activity Panama City which is home to various research and training projects. The main retail centers are now the Panama City Mall in town and Pier Park on the beach across the Hathaway Bridge spanning St. Andrew Bay. The two... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1032180",
"text": "in Panama City Beach. WCW was bought out by their rival competition WWF (now WWE). Panama City Beach is the setting for the 2015 film \"\" Panama City Beach, Florida Panama City Beach is a resort city in Bay County, Florida, United States, on the Gulf of Mexico coast. As of t... | [
"thunder beach motorcycle rally",
"club la vela",
"man in the sea museum",
"camp helen state park",
"pier park",
"shipwreck island",
"latimer cabin",
"st. andrews state park",
"miracle strip at pier park"
] |
where are the florida marlins from? | [
{
"psg_id": "14965943",
"text": "Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H =Hits; ER = Earned runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts; ERA = Earned run average; \" 2011 Florida Marlins season The Florida Marlins' 2011 season was the 19th season for the Major League Baseball franchise. T... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10329885",
"text": "2001 Florida Marlins season The 2001 Florida Marlins season started off with the team trying to improve on their season from 2000. Their managers were John Boles and Tony Pérez. They played home games at Pro Player Stadium. They finished with a record of 76-86, 4th in the Na... | [
"sun life stadium",
"marlins park"
] |
what language does romanian people speak? | [
{
"psg_id": "344988",
"text": "Romanian language Romanian (archaically Rumanian or Roumanian; autonym: \"limba română\" , \"the Romanian language\", or \"românește\", lit. \"in Romanian\") is an Eastern Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5573869",
"text": "their native language. After World War I, some Megleno-Romanians moved to Romania, many of them settling in the village of Cerna in Tulcea County, where about 1,200 people continue to speak Megleno-Romanian. In 1940, about 30 families moved from Cerna to the Banat region of R... | [
"hungarian language",
"torlakian",
"romanian language",
"romani language",
"ukrainian language"
] |
who nominated stephen g. breyer? | [
{
"psg_id": "1450695",
"text": "Stephen Breyer Stephen Gerald Breyer (; born August 15, 1938) is an American lawyer, professor, and jurist serving as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 1994. Appointed by President Bill Clinton, Breyer is generally associated with the more l... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1450715",
"text": "Founding Fathers of the United States never intended guns to go unregulated and that history supports his and the other dissenters' views in \"District of Columbia v. Heller\". He summarized: In the wake of the controversy over Justice Samuel Alito's reaction to President Bar... | [
"bill clinton"
] |
what did george w bush do before becoming president? | [
{
"psg_id": "6811455",
"text": "Professional life of George W. Bush This article covers the professional life of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. Prior to his election as President in 2000, Bush held numerous other positions, including being an oil executive, an owner of the Texas Ra... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9370080",
"text": "George W. Bush Presidential Center The George W. Bush Presidential Center, which opened on April 25, 2013, is a complex that includes the 43rd President George W. Bush's presidential library and museum, the George W. Bush Policy Institute, and the offices of the George W. Bus... | [
"governor of texas"
] |
which party was lincoln? | [
{
"psg_id": "2184837",
"text": "from Rhode Island, Lincoln Chafee's first elected office was as a member of the Warwick City Council in 1985. After John Chafee died in 1999 while serving in the United States Senate, Rhode Island Governor Lincoln Almond appointed Lincoln Chafee to fill his father's seat in t... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10939544",
"text": "The Day Lincoln Was Shot The Day Lincoln Was Shot is a 1998 American television film based on the book by Jim Bishop. It is a re-creation of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, co-written and directed by John Gray, and stars Lance Henriksen as Abraham Lincoln and Rob Morro... | [
"illinois republican party",
"republican party",
"national union party",
"whig party"
] |
who are the two current illinois senators? | [
{
"psg_id": "1049965",
"text": "the federal level, Channahon is represented by: Senators Dick Durbin (D-Illinois), Tammy Duckworth (D-Illinois), and Representative Adam Kinzinger (R-16th District). Channahon, Illinois Channahon is a village in Grundy and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The popu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3508742",
"text": "Illinois Senate The Illinois Senate is the upper chamber of the Illinois General Assembly, the legislative branch of the government of the state of Illinois in the United States. The body was created by the first state constitution adopted in 1818. The Illinois Senate is made... | [
"dick durbin"
] |
what were adolf hitler's parents names? | [
{
"psg_id": "6072290",
"text": "Leopold Frankenberger had fathered Alois. No Frankenberger was registered in Graz during that period, and no record has been produced of Leopold Frankenberger's existence, so historians dismiss the claim that Alois's father was Jewish. Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 i... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3845296",
"text": "business sought to attract attention by using the Hitler theme, and was decorated with Nazi imagery. Actor Murli Sharma attended the opening party; when asked what he thought about the name, he said \"I am not really agitated as I have not read much about the man. However, fr... | [
"alois hitler",
"klara hitler"
] |
what job does bill rancic have? | [
{
"psg_id": "2952041",
"text": "Bill Rancic William Rancic (; born May 16, 1971) is an American entrepreneur who was the first candidate hired by The Trump Organization at the conclusion of the first season of Donald Trump's reality television show, \"The Apprentice\". He starred in the reality show \"Giuli... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2952042",
"text": "St. Michael's School (Orland Park) and graduated from Carl Sandburg High School. He earned a B.S. from Loyola University Chicago. His mother is Gail Rancic; his father Edward Rancic died of cancer in 1999. He has three sisters, Beth, Katie and Karen. Rancic was one of the job... | [
"entrepreneur",
"businessperson",
"writer",
"television producer",
"author"
] |
who owns the new england patriots football team? | [
{
"psg_id": "10065034",
"text": "1994 New England Patriots season The 1994 New England Patriots season was the team's 35th season, and 25th in the National Football League. It was the first under owner Robert Kraft, who purchased the team after preventing previous owner James Orthwein from moving the Patrio... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "286639",
"text": "New England Patriots The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston region. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team pl... | [
"robert kraft"
] |
where do the japanese live? | [
{
"psg_id": "3259656",
"text": "generation did not have much contact with their grandparent's language, and most of them speak the national language of Brazil, Portuguese, as their mother tongue. Japanese Brazilians usually speak Japanese more often when they live along with a first generation relative. Tho... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18155252",
"text": "Eggers creates no plausible characters or dramatic tension\". \"USA Today\" rated the book two stars out of four, describing it as \"Insightful, yes, but sadly no more memorable than tomorrow's headlines.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the novel a grade of \"B-\", saying th... | [
"japan"
] |
what is the dollar called in brazil? | [
{
"psg_id": "9469956",
"text": "down took place, and international arrivals have had almost no growth both in 2007 and 2008. In spite of this trend, revenues from international tourism continued to rise, from USD 3.9 billion in 2005 to USD 4.9 billion in 2007, a one billion dollar increase despite 333 thous... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4434716",
"text": "What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's mo... | [
"brazilian real"
] |
what airport fly into for maui? | [
{
"psg_id": "3348097",
"text": "Maui District and the principal Oahu District. Hana Airport is a subordinate of the Maui District officials. Hana Airport is the destination in the \"Hawaiian Checkout\" mission supplied with \"Microsoft Flight Simulator X\". Hana Airport Hana Airport is a regional public use... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14704203",
"text": "of 300 per month. At that time there were 12 aircraft based at this airport, all single-engine. Fly for Fun Airport Fly for Fun Airport is a privately owned, public use airport located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) northeast of the central business district of Vancouver, ... | [
"hana airport"
] |
what has lucy hale played in? | [
{
"psg_id": "12392709",
"text": "and \"Mistletoe\" on the Christmas album \"A Hollywood Christmas\", released on December 8, 2017. Lucy Hale Karen Lucille Hale (born June 14, 1989) is an American actress and singer. Early in her career, she was sometimes referred to as Lucy Kate Hale. She is best known for ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14550396",
"text": "American actress Jean Louisa Kelly, with Rob Morrow in the role of John Wilkes Booth. Lucy Lambert Hale Lucy Lambert Hale (January 1, 1841 – October 15, 1915) was the daughter of U.S. Senator John Parker Hale of New Hampshire, and was a noted Washington, DC, society \"belle\... | [
"a cinderella story: once upon a song",
"10 years",
"sorority wars",
"the sisterhood of the traveling pants 2",
"scream 4",
"fear island",
"tinker bell: secret of the wings",
"killer in the family"
] |
who won 2011 heisman trophy? | [
{
"psg_id": "9449798",
"text": "recruits, as well as incoming student applicants. There was a \"dramatic increase\" in the number of applications to Auburn University after its football team, led by Heisman Trophy winner Cam Newton, won the 2011 BCS National Championship Game. Baylor University reported a d... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1987920",
"text": "of the 65 teams (roughly 18.5%) in the Power Five conferences. The Heisman can be, and has been, presented to players from other conferences, but a random sample over a long period of time might suggest that Pac-10/12 players might win somewhere close to 18% of the Heisman aw... | [
"robert griffin iii"
] |
who is the falcons kicker? | [
{
"psg_id": "12871861",
"text": "loss, the Falcons fell to 6–6. Hoping to rebound from their disappointing home loss against the Eagles, the Falcons remained at home and prepared for an NFC South rematch against the undefeated New Orleans Saints, with Matt Ryan still injured. In the first quarter, the Falco... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14798168",
"text": "Falcons–Saints rivalry The Falcons–Saints rivalry is a divisional rivalry in the NFC South of the National Football League (NFL) between the Atlanta Falcons and New Orleans Saints. The series is by far the oldest and most established rivalry in the division. Founded one year... | [
"matt bryant"
] |
where did charles drew go to high school? | [
{
"psg_id": "1531399",
"text": "policy until 1950. Drew was born in 1904 into an African-American middle-class family in Washington, D.C. His father, Richard, was a carpet layer and his mother, Nora Burrell, was a teacher. Drew and his siblings grew up in D.C.'s Foggy Bottom neighborhood and he graduated fr... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17179309",
"text": "the high school-level students who attended Drew Hunter were moved to Ruleville Central High School. The secondary school is now named Drew Hunter Middle School with grades 6-8. According to Charles Bussey, author of the 2004 book \"Where We Stand: Voices Of Southern Dissent... | [
"dunbar high school"
] |
what language do argentina use? | [
{
"psg_id": "13581662",
"text": "to the examination dates and remains open for about one month. In Argentina: In Brazil: In Germany: In France: In Russia: The following Universities are currently part of the Consortium: Certificate of Use of Language in Spanish The Certificate of Use of Language in Spanish,... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7818134",
"text": "S-Bahn car. Tim then pulls the incriminating film out of his bag, holds a lighter to it, and asks aloud: \"What do you do if there's a fire?\", and the friends answer, \"Let it burn!\" The film contains mild nudity, mild drug use, and mature language. What to Do in Case of Fi... | [
"yiddish language",
"italian language",
"spanish language"
] |
who won governor race in indiana? | [
{
"psg_id": "13127530",
"text": "won back the state for the Republican party with 54% of the vote over the incumbent President Obama who won 43%. While only five Democratic presidential nominees have carried Indiana since 1900, 11 Democrats were elected governor during that time. Before Mitch Daniels became... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1865223",
"text": "Governor of Indiana The Governor of Indiana is the chief executive of the state of Indiana. The governor is elected to a four-year term, and responsible for overseeing the day-to-day management of the functions of many agencies of the Indiana state government. The governor al... | [
"mitch daniels"
] |
what languages do people speak in egypt? | [
{
"psg_id": "6777805",
"text": "Coptic, and form a separate branch among the family of Afro-Asiatic languages. The Egyptian language is among the first written languages, and is known from hieroglyphic inscriptions preserved on monuments and sheets of papyrus. The Coptic language, the only extant descendant... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6777801",
"text": "the Red Sea. Some 234,000 (2004) Dom speak the Domari language (an Indo-Aryan language related to Romany) and are concentrated north of Cairo and in Luxor. About 30,000 Egyptian Berbers living in the Siwa oasis and its surroundings speak Siwi Berber, which is a variety of the... | [
"egyptian language",
"akkadian language",
"hittite language"
] |
what did george washington carver make with peanuts? | [
{
"psg_id": "168708",
"text": "market his products. The most important was the Carver Penol Company, which sold a mixture of creosote and peanuts as a patent medicine for respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis. Sales were lackluster and the product was ineffective according to the Food and Drug Administr... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "168712",
"text": "Carver's was far from the first American agricultural bulletin devoted to peanuts, but his bulletins did seem to be more popular and widespread than previous ones. George Washington Carver George Washington Carver (1860s – January 5, 1943), was an American botanist and invento... | [
"peanut butter"
] |
who plays alan parrish in jumanji? | [
{
"psg_id": "6900285",
"text": "Jumanji Jumanji is a 1995 American fantasy adventure film directed by Joe Johnston. It is an adaptation of the 1981 children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg. The film was written by Van Allsburg, Greg Taylor, Jonathan Hensleigh, and Jim Strain and stars Robin Wi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8108888",
"text": "Jumanji (TV series) Jumanji is an American animated television series that was inspired by the movie based on the short story of the same name. The series ran for three seasons from 1996 to 1999. In 1996, it was carried by the UPN Kids block on UPN, but later seasons were syn... | [
"robin williams"
] |
who was reese witherspoon married too? | [
{
"psg_id": "928121",
"text": "Goldie Hawn, Sally Field, Sigourney Weaver, Lucille Ball, Carole Lombard, Judy Holliday, Gena Rowlands, and actors Tom Hanks, Jack Nicholson, and Michael Keaton as influences on her acting. Her favorite films are \"Splendor in the Grass\", \"Waiting for Guffman\", \"Broadcast ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "928072",
"text": "the United States Army Reserve. He was in private practice as an otolaryngologist until 2012. Her mother, Dr. Mary Elizabeth \"Betty\" (née Reese), is from Harriman, Tennessee. Dr. Betty Witherspoon earned five degrees in total, including a Ph.D in pediatric nursing. She becam... | [
"ryan phillippe",
"jim toth"
] |
who is the coach of the la lakers? | [
{
"psg_id": "804106",
"text": "five games before the Lakers selected Mike D'Antoni as their new head coach. D'Antoni resigned at the end of the 2013–2014 season. In July 2014, Byron Scott was hired as head coach. After the 2015–2016 season ended, Scott was fired. On April 29, 2016, former Lakers player Luke... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5836095",
"text": "and Bryant's father was also playing there. Bryant grew close with D'Antoni during their time with the United States national team. D'Antoni's coaching debut with the Lakers was delayed as he recovered from knee replacement surgery he had weeks earlier. Bernie Bickerstaff, wh... | [
"mike d'antoni"
] |
what is the dominican republic's capital? | [
{
"psg_id": "14770194",
"text": "the Dominican Republic. The usage is a play on words whereby the concept of the Trinity is overlapped with the establishment of one nation by the three founding fathers: Duarte, Sánchez, and Mella. La Trinitaria (Dominican Republic) La Trinitaria (, \"The Trinity\") was a se... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10277884",
"text": "During that time, abductors would contact family members and demand huge sums of money for the release of their loved ones. Most families paid the amount, and the victims were released unharmed. High crime areas in the capital include Arroyo Hondo, Naco, Gazcue, Cristo Rey a... | [
"santo domingo"
] |
what language do they speak thailand? | [
{
"psg_id": "11569000",
"text": "In Thailand the four major dialects of Thai are: Central Thai, Thai version of Lao which is called Isan, Southern Thai and Northern Thai language. The sole official language of Thailand is Central Thai, a Kra-Dai language closely related to Lao, Shan in Burma, and numerous s... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7657272",
"text": "Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \"Working\" is a... | [
"mon language",
"lao language",
"khmer language",
"hmong language",
"thai language",
"cham language",
"mlabri language",
"malay, pattani language",
"nyaw language",
"saek language"
] |
what are the major religions in poland? | [
{
"psg_id": "9762363",
"text": "various Protestant churches (the largest being the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland with 61,270 members) and Jehovah's Witnesses (118,774). There are about 55,000 Greek Catholics in Poland. Other religions practiced in Poland, by less than 1% of the pop... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14702119",
"text": "most editors tended to consider \"All Religions are One\" as later than \"There is No Natural Religion\". For example, in his 1905 book \"The poetical works of William Blake; a new and verbatim text from the manuscript engraved and letterpress originals\", John Sampson place... | [
"catholicism",
"ukrainian greek catholic church"
] |
what is the san francisco giants mascot? | [
{
"psg_id": "11110049",
"text": "1996 San Francisco Giants season The 1996 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 114th season in Major League Baseball, their 39th season in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 37th at 3Com Park at Candlestick Point. The tea... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "386229",
"text": "San Francisco Giants The San Francisco Giants are an American professional baseball team based in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1883 as the New York Gothams, and renamed three years later the New York Giants, the team eventually moved to San Francisco in 1958. The Gian... | [
"crazy crab",
"lou seal"
] |
where was tupac born? | [
{
"psg_id": "423000",
"text": "having sold over 75 million records worldwide. Much of Shakur's work has been noted for addressing contemporary social issues that plagued inner cities, and he is considered a symbol of resistance and activism against inequities. Tupac Amaru Shakur was born on June 16, 1971, i... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10232805",
"text": "Tupac A. Hunter Tupac Amaru Hunter (born July 25, 1973) is an American politician who is a former member of the Michigan Senate, representing the 5th District which encompasses northwest Detroit, Dearborn Heights and Inkster. He served as the Minority Floor Leader. Tupac A. ... | [
"east harlem"
] |
where is the main headquarters of the un? | [
{
"psg_id": "1573263",
"text": "of the signs in the UN headquarters building are in those languages. The site of the UN headquarters has extraterritoriality status. This affects some law enforcement where UN rules override the laws of New York City, but it does not give immunity to those who commit crimes t... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1573232",
"text": "Bay\" is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole. The headquarters holds the seats of the principal organs of the UN, including the General Assembly and the Security Council, but excluding the International Court of Justice,... | [
"new york city"
] |
what utc time zone is arizona? | [
{
"psg_id": "2799755",
"text": "Only one Canadian territory is entirely in the Pacific Time Zone: One Canadian province and one territory are split between the Pacific Time Zone and the Mountain Time Zone: In Mexico, the \"Zona Noroeste\", which corresponds to Pacific Time in the United States and Canada, i... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "432512",
"text": "offset\" is used here rather than the term \"zone designator\" used by the standard.) The conversion equation can be rearranged to For example, the New York Stock Exchange opens at 09:30 (EST, UTC offset=−05:00). In Los Angeles (PST, UTC offset= −08:00) and Delhi (IST, UTC off... | [
"mountain time zone",
"utc−07:00"
] |
who played elaine's boyfriend on seinfeld? | [
{
"psg_id": "1663000",
"text": "Elaine Benes Elaine Marie Benes is a fictional character on the American television sitcom \"Seinfeld\" (1989–1998), played by Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Elaine's best friend is her ex-boyfriend Jerry Seinfeld, and she is also good friends with George Costanza and Cosmo Kramer. Jul... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7769930",
"text": "Elaine meets \"Crazy\" Joe Davola, whom she begins to date. This episode is a continuation of and opens with clips from the previous episode, \"The Wallet.\" The Watch (Seinfeld) \"The Watch\" is the 46th episode of the sitcom \"Seinfeld\". It is the sixth episode of the four... | [
"jerry seinfeld"
] |
where to watch live opening ceremony in london? | [
{
"psg_id": "16543828",
"text": "2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games took place on the evening of Friday 27 July 2012 in the Olympic Stadium, London. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings combined the formal ceremonial opening of this int... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16543831",
"text": "live performance by the London Symphony Orchestra joined by comedian Rowan Atkinson. These were widely ascribed to Britain's sense of humour. The ceremony featured children and young people in most of its segments, reflecting the 'inspire a generation' aspiration of London's... | [
"2012 summer olympics"
] |
where did the arizona diamondbacks play? | [
{
"psg_id": "22723",
"text": "Arizona Diamondbacks The Arizona Diamondbacks, often shortened as the D-backs, are an American professional baseball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. The club competes in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) West division. The team has played every... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16530258",
"text": "Arizona League Diamondbacks The Arizona League Diamondbacks are a minor league baseball team located in the city of Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. They are a Class Rookie team in the Arizona League and have been a farm team of the Arizona Diamondbacks since they began play in 199... | [
"chase field"
] |
what country was theodor schwann born in? | [
{
"psg_id": "3848820",
"text": "(also known as the Tricoronatum or Three Kings School), a Jesuit school in Cologne. Schwann was a devout Roman Catholic. In Cologne his religious instructor Wilhelm Smets, a priest and novelist, emphasized the individuality of the human soul and the importance of free will. I... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3848819",
"text": "Theodor Schwann Theodor Schwann (; 7 December 1810 – 11 January 1882) was a German physician and physiologist. His most significant contribution to biology is considered to be the extension of cell theory to animals. Other contributions include the discovery of Schwann cells ... | [
"germany"
] |
where is the fukushima daiichi located? | [
{
"psg_id": "17068462",
"text": "Investigations into the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster Investigations into the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster (or Accident) began on March 11, 2011 when a series of equipment failures, core melt and down, and releases of radioactive materials occurred at the Fukushim... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15447374",
"text": "International reactions to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster The international reaction to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster has been diverse and widespread. Many inter-governmental agencies responded to the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, often o... | [
"japan",
"okuma"
] |
what country was bin laden from? | [
{
"psg_id": "300508",
"text": "the Sudanese to expel Bin Laden. Ambassador Carney had no legal basis to ask for more from the Sudanese since, at the time, there was no indictment outstanding against bin Laden in any country. The 9/11 Commission Report further states: In February 1996, Sudanese officials beg... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3675914",
"text": "Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (; 1908 – 3 September 1967) was a multi-millionaire Saudi businessman working primarily in the construction industry. He founded what is today the Saudi Binladin Group and became the wealthiest non-royal Saudi, establish... | [
"saudi arabia"
] |
who plays claudia joy on army wives? | [
{
"psg_id": "13575802",
"text": "Claudia Joy Holden Claudia Joy Holden (\"née\" Meade) was a fictional character on the Lifetime television series \"Army Wives\", portrayed by Kim Delaney. Claudia Joy was the daughter of Randall, a judge, and Shirley Meade. The Meades are implied to be from an upper-class N... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13575807",
"text": "had an ovarian tumor. Once removed it was revealed that the tumor was benign. Later, she was diagnosed with kidney failure brought on by her diabetes. While waiting for a kidney transplant, her best friend Denise finds out that she is a match and offers to donate a kidney to... | [
"kim delaney"
] |
where did darfur happen? | [
{
"psg_id": "3009577",
"text": "Peace Agreement, which would supersede the Abuja Agreement of 2005 and if signed, would halt preparations for a Darfur status referendum. The proposal included provisions for a Darfuri Vice-President and an administrative structure that includes both the three states and a st... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14910963",
"text": "brightest of the nu-eyed-soul set\". What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \"Basel... | [
"sudan"
] |
what language does greece use? | [
{
"psg_id": "154945",
"text": "the population census that took place in Greece in May 2011. The Greek Constitution recognizes Eastern Orthodoxy as the \"prevailing\" faith of the country, while guaranteeing freedom of religious belief for all. The Greek government does not keep statistics on religious group... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13810778",
"text": "week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million Am... | [
"greek language"
] |
who was the prime minister of australia in 1958? | [
{
"psg_id": "322438",
"text": "prime minister, otherwise William McMahon63. Robert Menzies was the oldest person to ever be prime minister, leaving office at 71 years old. The longest-serving Prime Minister was Sir Robert Menzies, who served in office twice: from 26 April 1939 to 28 August 1941, and again f... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "322416",
"text": "Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of Australia. The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of State, the leader of the Cabinet. The Prime Minister also has the responsibility of administering the Departme... | [
"robert menzies"
] |
what hemisphere south america? | [
{
"psg_id": "361978",
"text": "called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), which operates in several cities, has also been developed. South America South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It may also be consid... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3184170",
"text": "82% of humans live in the Eastern Hemisphere, and 18% in the Western Hemisphere. Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, UK) and west of the antimeridian (whic... | [
"northern hemisphere",
"southern hemisphere"
] |
what movies has taylor momsen been in? | [
{
"psg_id": "5186842",
"text": "her breakout role. In 2002, she was given the role of Gretel in the motion picture: \"Hansel and Gretel\", as well as Alexandra, the President's daughter, in \"\". Momsen's career came to a halt for over three years until she received a lead role in the WB series \"Misconcept... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5186839",
"text": "Taylor Momsen Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American musician, singer, model, and former actress. She is known for portraying the character of Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series \"Gossip Girl\" (2007–2012) and Cindy Lou Who in the film \"How the Gr... | [
"underdog",
"paranoid park",
"spy kids 2: island of lost dreams",
"how the grinch stole christmas!",
"we were soldiers",
"hansel and gretel",
"spy school",
"saving shiloh",
"10 years"
] |
what was henry ford best known for? | [
{
"psg_id": "3776893",
"text": "each year. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 as Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1981 as \"Edison Institute\". Named for its founder, the automobile industrialist Henry Ford, and based on h... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14155289",
"text": "Henry Ford Square House The Henry Ford Square House (also known as the Henry Ford Honeymoon House) is a single-family house located at 29835 Beechwood Avenue in Garden City, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Registe... | [
"industrialist"
] |
what kind of music did michael jackson sing? | [
{
"psg_id": "7976684",
"text": "calling it \"a deeply musical, funky masterpiece of rage, righteous indignation, and soulful killer grooves\". However, Jurek criticized the reissue for not including musician credits. What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?! What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?! is the fourth studio... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3688774",
"text": "door \"kind of locked, so [he] pushed it, and it opened,\" and he walked some ways into the room and stopped when he saw what Gavin and Michael were doing. He testified they were on the bed \"outside of the covers,\" Jackson was on his back with his eyes closed, and Gavin was... | [
"soul music",
"pop music",
"new jack swing",
"dance music",
"disco",
"dance-pop",
"rock music",
"rhythm and blues",
"motown sound",
"funk"
] |
what education does jeff corwin have? | [
{
"psg_id": "3775497",
"text": "2017, Corwin was sued by an elderly couple in Norwell, Massachusetts for trespassing on the couple's property, chopping down woods to create a hunting ground, and illegally hunting deer. Jeff Corwin Jeffrey Corwin (born July 11, 1967) is an American biologist and wildlife con... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3775492",
"text": "the United Nations regarding the need to conserve neotropical rain forests. Corwin lectures on wildlife, gold mining, ecology and conservation to audiences throughout the United States. In 1994, Corwin served as expedition naturalist for the documentary series titled The JASO... | [
"norwell high school",
"bridgewater state college",
"university of massachusetts amherst"
] |
where the queen of denmark lives? | [
{
"psg_id": "9513513",
"text": "to Brandenburg. Sophia sided with Valdemar during the conflict: on 8 September 1277, she as well as Valdemar signed the letter pawning the island of Gotland to Bandenburg in Copenhagen. In 1278, Valdemar finally accepted to abdicate permanently in favor of his brother Magnus ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1488907",
"text": "mourned her death, and sent a supplication to the Pope where he applied for her to be declared a saint. Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland Margaret of Denmark (23 June 1456 – 14 July 1486), also referred to as Margaret of Norway, was Queen of Scotland from 1469 to 1486 by... | [
"copenhagen"
] |
what did roald dahl write? | [
{
"psg_id": "658548",
"text": "children include \"James and the Giant Peach\", \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\", \"Matilda\", \"The Witches\", \"Fantastic Mr Fox\", \"The BFG\", \"The Twits\" and \"George's Marvellous Medicine\". His adult works include \"Tales of the Unexpected\". Roald Dahl was born ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "658602",
"text": "death, through Roald Dahl's Marvellous Children's Charity, formerly known as the Roald Dahl Foundation. The charity provides care and support to seriously ill children and young people throughout the UK. In June 2005, the Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre in the author's home... | [
"danny, the champion of the world",
"willy wonka & the chocolate factory",
"the witches",
"the bfg",
"charlie and the chocolate factory",
"fantastic mr. fox",
"36 hours",
"james and the giant peach",
"matilda"
] |
where are riddell helmets manufactured? | [
{
"psg_id": "10399403",
"text": "Elizabeth Riddell Elizabeth Riddell (21 March 1910 – 3 July 1998) was an Australian poet and journalist, who also published as Betty Riddell. Born in Napier, New Zealand, Elizabeth Richmond Riddell came to Australia in 1928 where she worked at \"Smith's Weekly\" and won a Wa... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14406167",
"text": "claims relating to youth football and the Revolution youth helmet due to the fact that the UPMC study tested neither youth players nor the youth version of the helmet. Despite determining that Riddell falsely represented numerous claims, the FTC chose not to sanction Riddell... | [
"new york city"
] |
what county is troy il in? | [
{
"psg_id": "1052833",
"text": "Troy, Illinois Troy is a city in Madison County, Illinois, United States. The population was 9,888 at the 2010 census. Troy is part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its namesake in Lincoln County, Missouri is also part of this MSA, making it (along with the two... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9637596",
"text": "Troy Township, Delaware County, Ohio Troy Township is one of the eighteen townships of Delaware County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 2,115, down from 2,665 at the 2000 census. Located in the northwestern part of the county, it borders the foll... | [
"madison county"
] |
what position does mitt romney hold? | [
{
"psg_id": "2508116",
"text": "presidential campaign. In 2012, \"Time\" magazine included Romney in their List of The 100 Most Influential People in the World. Mitt Romney Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American politician and businessman who is the United States Senator-elect from Utah. H... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2507989",
"text": "Chihuahua, Mexico. Of primarily English descent, he also has Scottish and German ancestry. A fifth-generation member of the LDS Church, he is a great-grandson of Miles Park Romney and a great-great-grandson of Miles Romney, who converted to the faith in its first decade. Anot... | [
"governor of massachusetts"
] |
who is country singer jewel married to? | [
{
"psg_id": "1394701",
"text": "in the initiative's public service announcement (PSA) which asked Americans to rethink their views on public housing and consider how it benefits people in their own communities. Jewel was in a relationship with actor Sean Penn in 1995 after he spotted her performing on \"Lat... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1394702",
"text": "after nearly 6 years of marriage, Jewel announced on her website that she and Murray were divorcing. Jewel is the daughter of Atz Kilcher, who stars in the Discovery Channel show \"\". All three of her brothers live in Alaska. Her cousin is actress Q'orianka Kilcher who is be... | [
"ty murray"
] |
what famous book did adam smith wrote? | [
{
"psg_id": "14299213",
"text": "Adam Smith House Several houses in Scotland are referred to as the Adam Smith House, as each was the home of economist Adam Smith. Adam Smith lived with his mother, in his mother's house, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, during 1767–1776. That house, on High Street, is where he wrote... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15652793",
"text": "Janet Adam Smith Janet Buchanan Adam Smith OBE (9 December 1905 – 11 September 1999) was a writer, editor, literary journalist and champion of Scottish literature. She was active from the 1930s through to the end of the century and noted for her elegant prose, her penetratin... | [
"the wealth of nations"
] |
where does the appalachian trail run through? | [
{
"psg_id": "882429",
"text": "Appalachian Trail The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. The trail is about long, thou... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3663035",
"text": "International Appalachian Trail The International Appalachian Trail (IAT; , SIA) is a hiking trail which runs from the northern terminus of the Appalachian Trail at Mount Katahdin, Maine, through New Brunswick, to the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec, after which it follows a ferry ... | [
"eastern united states"
] |
where is burundi located on a map? | [
{
"psg_id": "37945",
"text": "Geography of Burundi Burundi is located in central Africa, to the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at the co-ordinates . Burundi occupies an area equal to in size, of which is land. The country has of land border: of which is shared with the Democratic Republic of ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15048360",
"text": ", Interbank Burundi has a network of branches in Bujumbura, the national capital and in the provinces. Some of the locations where the bank maintains branches include the following: Interbank Burundi Interbank Burundi, often called Interbank, is a commercial bank in Burundi.... | [
"africa"
] |
what unicef stands for? | [
{
"psg_id": "12341008",
"text": "U.S. Fund for UNICEF The United States Fund for UNICEF - also known as UNICEF USA - is the United States non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO) that supports the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Founded in 1947 by Helenka Pantaleoni, it is the oldest of the ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12341011",
"text": "worldwide fundraising activity that continues to provide a significant source of revenue to UNICEF. The U.S. Fund makes UNICEF greeting cards and gifts available in the United States through the UNICEF Market website. The U.S. Fund also supports UNICEF with UNICEF Inspired G... | [
"united nations children's fund"
] |
what clubs has messi played for? | [
{
"psg_id": "18456204",
"text": "Messi (2014 film) Messi is a 2014 documentary film directed by Álex de la Iglesia. The film explores the rise of Argentine footballer Lionel Messi, who currently plays for Spanish football club FC Barcelona. The film focuses on Argentine footballer Lionel Messi, from his you... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18309291",
"text": "kit suppliers of their national teams and the opposite for their clubs. The two highest paid players in football, Messi and Ronaldo are among the world's best paid sports' stars in combined income from salaries, bonuses and off-field earnings. In 2018, Messi edged Ronaldo on... | [
"argentina national football team",
"fc barcelona",
"fc barcelona c",
"fc barcelona b"
] |
where is merrell shoes headquarters? | [
{
"psg_id": "5268718",
"text": "Merrell, Sebago, Wolverine, Keds, Sperry Top-Sider, Stride Rite, and Saucony. According to the company's 2016 annual report, \"The Company sources a majority of its footwear from numerous third-party manufacturers in the Asia Pacific region.\" As of 2016, the company operated... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9066377",
"text": "bearing his name. That same year the company sold its 25,000th pair of boots. In 1987, Merrell was purchased by Karhu. The new owners moved production of Merrell products to Asia, reducing retail prices and expanding sales. In 1988, sales of Merrell products topped the $4 mil... | [
"rockford"
] |
who does the uk trade with? | [
{
"psg_id": "16714608",
"text": "judicial and social institutions, their ability to quickly integrate into a CFTA is vitally important if the organization is to have the ability to expand and succeed.\"\" , 75% of Canadian trade takes place with countries which Canada has a free trade agreement, but this do... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10441069",
"text": "to promote British business and produce. UK Trade & Investment has public-private partnership agreements with the Federation of International Trade Associations under which they contribute market research and other reports on GlobalTrade.net. UK Trade & Investment has an arm... | [
"canada",
"angola",
"anguilla",
"united states of america",
"sierra leone"
] |
what color are the baltimore ravens? | [
{
"psg_id": "44532",
"text": "2018, the Ravens debuted a new combination in a road game against the Cincinnati Bengals, wearing white jerseys with purple pants. The purple pants are similar to the ones used for Color Rush except that it has side stripes of black and white; the Color Rush purple pants have g... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "44461",
"text": "Baltimore Ravens The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The team plays its home games at M&T... | [
"purple",
"white",
"black",
"gold"
] |
what country volvo cars made? | [
{
"psg_id": "2373411",
"text": "Volvo sold Volvo Cars to the Ford Motor Company in 1999. Volvo Cars has been majority owned since 2010 by the Geely Holding Group. Both AB Volvo and Volvo Cars share the Volvo logo and cooperate in running the Volvo Museum. With approximately 2,300 local dealers from around 1... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2373428",
"text": "and financing of cars with self-driving systems. Such vehicles require a different type of steering and braking mechanism, as well as sensors. The CEO of Volvo Cars, Håkan Samuelsson, made this comment in an interview: \"We get support developing this car ... It’s also a big ... | [
"sweden"
] |
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