\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \"Fireball\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"20074159","text":"the case brought up contradictory points. Those who supported Suzanne talked about father-centered families with a subordinate wife and children yet they stated that she did not need parental control. Instead, they supported Suzanne by emphasizing individual rights and the rationality a young woman has. Those who supported her uncles reminded that Suzanne was \"first daughter of the republic\" and that she was a symbol of being French and revolutionary. Despite that, they still spoke of her incapability of being an independent citizen of France. Suzanne and Jean-François De Witt got married and shortly thereafter, on March 22, 1802, were","title":"Suzanne le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau"},{"psg_id":"4404480","text":"Cave performed the song in the film \"\". A portion of the lyrics introduces Ken Kesey's 1992 novel \"Sailor Song\". The song is played as a slow-motion backdrop to film of Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky in Adam Curtis' 2011 documentary \"All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace\". Martin Sharp wrote the lyrics for Cream's \"Tales of Brave Ulysses\" to the melody of this song, specifically the Judy Collins version. Eric Clapton later set Sharp's lyrics to his own music. Kathy Bates sings the opening line of the song in the 2014 film \"Tammy\" starring Melissa McCarthy. Suzanne (Leonard","title":"Suzanne (Leonard Cohen song)"},{"psg_id":"18928606","text":"Look What This World Did to Us Look What This World Did To Us is a studio album by Red Pill. Released on April 7, 2015 by Mello Music Group, it was largely well received by critics. The Canadian music publication \"Exclaim!\" wrote that the lyrics \"range from deeply intimate, to unflinchingly grim, to hilariously self-deprecating, often in the same bar.\" According to Red Pill, at the time of writing the album he'd been reading Charles Bukowski, which somewhat influenced the album's focus on \"the daily grind.\" About the production, Red Pill explained that \"for this particular record, I wanted","title":"Look What This World Did to Us"},{"psg_id":"5531904","text":"there, Collins started reading chess books, eventually amassing \"a library of over six hundred.\" Collins tried to join the Marshall Chess Club, but found the players to be too strong, and the location too far away for him to travel to. Hence, he started teaching \"the other boys on the block\" and the Hawthorne Chess Club was founded. Collins wrote to the local newspapers and \"obtained the names and addresses of several high-school teams in the metropolitan area.\" This led to inter-club matches between Collins' team and the high-school teams, mostly played out of Collins' living room. Eventually Collins founded","title":"John W. Collins"},{"psg_id":"8543560","text":"lived happily with his four wives. What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Brown Fairy Book\" (1904), with the note \"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a","title":"What the Rose did to the Cypress"},{"psg_id":"8543549","text":"What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Brown Fairy Book\" (1904), with the note \"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a tree with a spring beneath it","title":"What the Rose did to the Cypress"},{"psg_id":"823565","text":"Max Allan Collins Max Allan Collins (born March 3, 1948) is an American mystery writer. His work has been published in several formats and his \"Road to Perdition\" series was the basis for a film of the same name. He wrote the \"Dick Tracy\" newspaper strip for many years and has produced numerous novels featuring the character as well. Collins has written novels, screenplays, comic books, comic strips, trading cards, short stories, movie novelizations and historical fiction. He wrote the graphic novel \"Road to Perdition\" (which was developed into a film in 2002), created the comic book private eye \"Ms.","title":"Max Allan Collins"},{"psg_id":"19610742","text":"Seedlings Braille Books for Children Seedlings Braille Books for Children is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization based in Livonia, Michigan that provides children’s books in Braille below cost to children who are blind and visually impaired. It has distributed books across the United States, Canada, and 70 other countries worldwide. The organization also operates two additional programs that provide free Braille materials in the United States and Canada: the Book Angel Program provides three free Braille books a year to blind and visually impaired youth under 21 years of age, and The Rose Project provides free Braille transcriptions of World","title":"Seedlings Braille Books for Children"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6139643\",\n \"text\": \"of her husband. The Collinses have also established a scholarship named the Suzanne Marie Collins Perpetual Scholarship, first awarded in 1996. Murder of Suzanne Marie Collins Suzanne Marie Collins was a U. S. Marine Corps Lance Corporal who was tortured, raped and murdered by Sedley Alley in 1985. At the time of her murder she was stationed at Naval Air Station Memphis in Millington, Tennessee. Collins was a student undergoing training at the base, and was scheduled to graduate from avionics training on the day of her murder. She is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Suzanne Collins was the daughter\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Suzanne Marie Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6139633\",\n \"text\": \"Murder of Suzanne Marie Collins Suzanne Marie Collins was a U. S. Marine Corps Lance Corporal who was tortured, raped and murdered by Sedley Alley in 1985. At the time of her murder she was stationed at Naval Air Station Memphis in Millington, Tennessee. Collins was a student undergoing training at the base, and was scheduled to graduate from avionics training on the day of her murder. She is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Suzanne Collins was the daughter of Jack and Trudy Collins. She graduated from Robert E. Lee High School in Springfield, Virginia. Sedley Alley (August 16, 1955\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Suzanne Marie Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6139640\",\n \"text\": \"length of Alley's appeals process caused Collins' family to successfully work for limitations on groundless habeas corpus appeals. The amount of time between the murder and Alley's execution (20 years, 11 months, 14 days) was actually longer than Suzanne Collins had been alive (19 years, one month, four days old) when she was killed. The books \\\"Journey Into Darkness \\\" and \\\"Law & Disorder\\\" by John E. Douglas dedicate three chapters to the life and murder of Suzanne Collins and to the advocacy work of her parents following the murder. After the murder, the Collinses dealt with their grief in\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Suzanne Marie Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15200111\",\n \"text\": \"the UK. Suzanne Collins (actress) Suzanne Collins ’is an English actress, model & business woman Born 25th May 1978 in Liverpool. Suzanne is best known for her Television, Theatre and Film work. Her professional career began at the age of 19 portraying the role of Nikki Shadwick on the British soap opera Brookside. Collins was born in Mill Road Hospital, Liverpool, England in 1978. She attended Prenton High School for Girls and then Birkenhead Sixth Form College. At the age of 19 she landed the role of Nikki Shadwick in \\\"Brookside\\\", joining the programme in 1998 and remaining until the\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Collins (actress)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15200108\",\n \"text\": \"Suzanne Collins (actress) Suzanne Collins ’is an English actress, model & business woman Born 25th May 1978 in Liverpool. Suzanne is best known for her Television, Theatre and Film work. Her professional career began at the age of 19 portraying the role of Nikki Shadwick on the British soap opera Brookside. Collins was born in Mill Road Hospital, Liverpool, England in 1978. She attended Prenton High School for Girls and then Birkenhead Sixth Form College. At the age of 19 she landed the role of Nikki Shadwick in \\\"Brookside\\\", joining the programme in 1998 and remaining until the last episode\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Collins (actress)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7233099\",\n \"text\": \"latter book split into two cinematic installments, for a total of four films representing the three books. As a result of the popularity of \\\"The Hunger Games\\\" books, Collins was named one of \\\"Time\\\" magazine's most influential people of 2010. In March 2012, Amazon announced that she had become the best-selling Kindle author of all time. Amazon also revealed that Collins had written 29 of the 100 most highlighted passages in Kindle ebooks—and on a separate Amazon list of recently highlighted passages, she had written 17 of the top 20. With her husband Charles, Collins has two children, Charlie and\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15200110\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Doyle's film, opposite Neil Fitzmaurice \\\"Charlie Noades R.I.P.\\\" (2009). Suzanne played a \\\"WAG\\\" in \\\"15 Minutes That Shook the World\\\" - a film about Liverpool FC in Istanbul when they won the Champions League. She was interviewed by a reporter in the film. In 2015 Suzanne played Jane in the movie Softlad, alongside former Eastenders actor Jonny Labey and Coronation Street actor Daniel Brocklebank. Suzanne is the director of drama company \\\"High Horizons Ltd\\\", founded by Collins and fellow actress Ann Marie Davies, which provides acting and filmmaking workshops, drama classes, and holiday clubs to schools and colleges throughout\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Collins (actress)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7233095\",\n \"text\": \"as a writer for children's television shows. She worked on several shows for Nickelodeon, including \\\"Clarissa Explains It All\\\", \\\"The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo\\\", \\\"Little Bear\\\", and \\\"Oswald\\\". She did not write the children's book Little Bear, which is sometimes mistaken as her own book. She was also the head writer for Scholastic Entertainment's \\\"Clifford's Puppy Days\\\". She received a Writers Guild of America nomination in animation for co-writing the critically acclaimed Christmas special, \\\"Santa, Baby!\\\" After meeting children's author James Proimos while working on the Kids' WB show \\\"Generation O!\\\", Collins felt inspired to write children's books herself.\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18611212\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Ecology, the journal of the Ecological Society of America\\\". When Collins received her PhD., she became the third African-American female zoologist and the first African-American female entomologist. Dr. Margaret S. Collins became an assistant professor Howard University in Washington, District of Columbia; while Collins’s first husband, Bernard Strickland attended Howard University’s Medical School. Collins later divorced Strickland and left Howard University because it did not treat its women faculty the same as its men faculty. As a result, Collins started working for Florida A&M University, while there Collins married her second husband Herbert L. Collins and had two sons.\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret S. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5341050\",\n \"text\": \"Jamie Suzanne is the author of over 25 books such as the series Regeneration, My Sister the Ghost, Cheer Squad, Dead Girl, The Seer and also from Llewellyn, Strange Encounters (books that use other pen names included). She also uses the names L.J. Singleton and Linda Joy Singleton. Jamie Suzanne Jamie Suzanne (pseudonym) wrote every book in the \\\"Sweet Valley Kids\\\" series and the \\\"Sweet Valley Twins and Friends\\\" series. Jamie Suzanne is the pen name used by multiple ghost-writers of the \\\"Sweet Valley Kids\\\" and \\\"Sweet Valley Twins\\\" book series. The pseudonym is a combination of the names of\",\n \"title\": \"Jamie Suzanne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7233094\",\n \"text\": \"four children, who include Kathryn (born 1957), Andrew (born 1958), and Joan (born 1960). As the daughter of a military officer, she and her family were constantly moving. She spent her childhood in the eastern United States. Collins graduated from the Alabama School of Fine Arts in Birmingham in 1980 as a Theater Arts major. She completed her bachelor of arts degree from Indiana University in 1985 with a double major in theater and telecommunications. In 1989, Collins earned her M.F.A. in dramatic writing from the New York University Tisch School of the Arts. Collins began her career in 1991\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18611211\",\n \"text\": \"enrolled in the University of Chicago where she graduated in 1950 earning her PhD in Zoology. Alfred E. Emerson, a famous termite expert, mentored Collins at the University of Chicago. Emerson assisted Collins in her studies and shielded her from racism; but he did not let her do fieldwork because he thought women were irritating during scientific expeditions. Emerson helped Collins develop and complete her dissertation, \\\"Differences in Toleration of Drying among Species of Termites (Reticulitermes)\\\". Collins’s dissertation is well regarded in the field of entomology and is cited very often. Collins also wrote an article based on her dissertation\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret S. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578097\",\n \"text\": \"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \\\"Tramp\\\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \\\"Katy\\\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \\\"Katy\\\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \\\"Katy\\\", which is a modern retelling of \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" was followed by four sequels: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13475724\",\n \"text\": \"Suzanne Francis Suzanne Francis (March 20, 1959) is an English science fiction and fantasy author. She was born in King's Lynn, Norfolk, and now lives in Dunedin, New Zealand. She has been married twice and has four children. Suzanne Francis is the author of four published novels, collectively known as the \\\"Song of the Arkafina\\\". The books were first published as ebooks by Mushroom Ebooks in 2007–2009 and in paperback in 2009 by Bladud Books. All the books in the \\\"Song of the Arkafina\\\" are set in an imaginary universe known as the Gyre. Ms. Francis has stated she intends\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Francis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578085\",\n \"text\": \"up: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" and \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\\\"Clover\\\" and \\\"In the High Valley\\\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17183268\",\n \"text\": \"people for money. She wrote three books on Spiritualism \\\"A Woman of Spirit\\\" (1985), \\\"The Power Within\\\" (1988) and \\\"Positive Forces\\\" (1991). Collins has been described as a cold reader by the scientific community. James Randi examined a videotape of her mediumship from one of her shows and caught her cold reading. Doris Collins Doris Collins (1918-2003) was a British spiritualist and psychic medium. Collins was born on 10 February 1918 in Essex, England and was the youngest of a family of nine children. From a young age Collins claimed to be able to see spirits a psychic ability she\",\n \"title\": \"Doris Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856928\",\n \"text\": \"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11463660\",\n \"text\": \"Branagh. The play proved a prolonged success and earned positive reviews. Michael Billington, reviewing for \\\"The Guardian\\\", wrote: \\\"The real joy of the evening, however, is that the gags come thick and fast, producing a kind of comic delirium. Matt Wolf, reviewing for \\\"Variety\\\", wrote \\\"...it’s the innocence of “The Play What I Wrote” (the grammatical inaccuracy of the title is part of its point) that represents the evening’s best calling card...the evening trades in old-fashioned verbal jokes...and visual ones.\\\" It won Foley and McColl a joint Best Actor nomination at the 2002 Laurence Olivier Awards and, although they did\",\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5137681\",\n \"text\": \"Suzanne Weber Suzanne Weber is an American comedian, poet, and performance artist. She created the character called Anita Liberty, closely based on her own biography. She lives in New York City. Under the pen name Anita Liberty, Weber wrote \\\"How to Heal the Hurt by Hating,\\\" a collaborative work with graphic designer Michael Calleia. She also wrote \\\"How to Stay Bitter through the Happiest Times of Your Life\\\" and \\\"The Center of the Universe (Yep, That Would Be Me)\\\". All of these books use variations in typography to illustrate their narrative and moods. Weber wrote the short film \\\"Anita Liberty\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Weber\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4802891\",\n \"text\": \"was located at the southern terminus of promoter Fisher's Dixie Highway project, which brought traffic from the mid-west as part of the National Auto Trail road system. Collins, his family, and Fisher all became very wealthy with the development of Miami Beach, which had a 400% increase in resident population between 1920 and 1925. John S. Collins died in 1928 at the age of 90. Collins Avenue and the Collins Canal, both on Miami Beach, are named in his honor. John S. Collins John Stiles Collins (December 29, 1837-February 11, 1928) was an American Quaker farmer from Moorestown Township, New\",\n \"title\": \"John S. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4404475\",\n \"text\": \"legal document deceptively presented to him which he did not read. Its lyrics first appeared as the poem \\\"Suzanne Takes You Down\\\" in Cohen's 1966 book of poetry \\\"Parasites of Heaven\\\", admittedly because of lack of new material. Lyrics to a few other songs from his subsequent 1967 debut album were also printed in the book. The song \\\"Suzanne\\\" was first performed by The Stormy Clovers in 1966 and then recorded by Judy Collins, appearing on her 1966 album \\\"In My Life\\\". It was later released by Cohen on his debut album \\\"Songs of Leonard Cohen\\\". Cohen's recording did not\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne (Leonard Cohen song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15807116\",\n \"text\": \"of a father and daughter in Mr Bailey’s Minder Matt Cameron discusses the dark side of suburbia in Ruby Moon Matt Cameron explores the nature of indifference in Tear from a Glass Eye Katherine Thomson talks about our relationship to land and history in Wonderlands Katherine Thomson discusses the end of old style unionism in Harbour Ray Lawler talks about writing Australia onto the stage in Summer of the Seventeenth Doll Ray Lawler talks about becoming a playwright in Finding a Way What I Wrote What I Wrote is a TV series broadcast on ABCTV 1 in Australia. The series\",\n \"title\": \"What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15807114\",\n \"text\": \"What I Wrote What I Wrote is a TV series broadcast on ABCTV 1 in Australia. The series focuses on Australian writers talking about their work. They are interviewed and presented by Dr. Tess Brady. The first series broadcast on ABC TV 1 in February 2010. The second series broadcast from mid October 2010. Joanna Murray-Smith discusses the power of words in Nightfall Joanna Murray-Smith explores love, identity and belonging in Honour Louis Nowra talks about shedding the misconceptions of childhood in Radiance Louis Nowra discusses art and claims it should not be relevant in Cosi Hannie Rayson explores family\",\n \"title\": \"What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6750396\",\n \"text\": \"The impact made on their astonishing lives by a Baptist Virginia background along with their upbringing by an emotionless father (who blamed marriage for his lack of success) and a Canadian drama-teacher mother is ... fascinating.\\\" \\\"Award-winning biographer Suzanne Finstad doesn't shy away from Beatty's womanizing ways,\\\" wrote the critic Allan Hunter. \\\"She does, however, realize that they are only part of a much bigger picture ... Finstad builds a very substantial portrait of what makes Beatty tick.\\\" \\\"Sleeping With the Devil\\\" and \\\"\\\" were adapted for television. Suzanne Finstad Suzanne Finstad (born Suzanne Elaine Finstad September 14, 1955 in\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Finstad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787753\",\n \"text\": \"What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \\\"Change\\\". The song reached number 22 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18748499\",\n \"text\": \"productions. Collins wrote \\\"Cold Piece of Werk\\\" after witnessing young girls walking on the streets of International Boulevard and wanted to call attention to the human trafficking in California epidemic taking place in her neighborhood. Oakland, California Mayor Libby Schaff proclaimed Saturday, March 14, 2015, (opening night of \\\"Cold Piece of Werk\\\") as Tracie Collins Day. In 2015, Tracie Collins Productions was nominated for an Oakland Indie Award, but did not win. Also that year, production began on the film version of \\\"Cold Piece of Werk\\\". In 2015 Collins lives in Oakland, California, and is the mother of three children.\",\n \"title\": \"Tracie Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7233098\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hunger Games\\\" books were printed in North America alone. \\\"The Hunger Games\\\" was on \\\"The New York Times\\\" Best Seller list for more than 60 weeks in a row. Lions Gate Entertainment acquired worldwide distribution rights to a film adaptation of \\\"The Hunger Games\\\", produced by Nina Jacobson's Color Force production company. Collins adapted the novel for film herself. Directed by Gary Ross, filming began in late spring 2011, with Jennifer Lawrence portraying main character Katniss Everdeen. Josh Hutcherson played Peeta Mellark and Liam Hemsworth played Gale Hawthorne. The subsequent two novels were adapted into films as well, with the\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13675535\",\n \"text\": \"of the fan base. One deranged fanboy in particular, Jerome T. Kornacker, is so outraged that his favorite superheroine is being \\\"perverted,\\\" that he takes radical steps to stop the change. \\\"What They Did to Princess Paragon\\\" is a tongue-in-cheek look at the comic book industry, the artists who create comics, the corporations that publish and sell them, and the fans who support and consume the books. The story is also an exploration of 1990s lesbian feminist thought. What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the\",\n \"title\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5341049\",\n \"text\": \"Jamie Suzanne Jamie Suzanne (pseudonym) wrote every book in the \\\"Sweet Valley Kids\\\" series and the \\\"Sweet Valley Twins and Friends\\\" series. Jamie Suzanne is the pen name used by multiple ghost-writers of the \\\"Sweet Valley Kids\\\" and \\\"Sweet Valley Twins\\\" book series. The pseudonym is a combination of the names of Francine Pascal’s daughters. It is claimed that she was born in Iowa in 1955 to a small farming family and that she has two sisters and one brother. She lives in Northern California and has two grown children and a very supportive husband that helps with her writing.\",\n \"title\": \"Jamie Suzanne\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18611203\",\n \"text\": \"Margaret S. Collins Margaret James Strickland Collins (September 4, 1922 – April 27, 1996) was an African-American child prodigy, entomologist (zoologist) specializing in the study of termites, and a civil rights advocate. Collins was nicknamed the “Termite Lady” because of her extensive research on termites. Together with David Nickle, Dr. Collins identified a new species of termite called Neotermes Luykxi. When Dr. Collins earned her PhD., she became the first African American female entomologist and the third African American female zoologist. Collins was born in 1922 in Institute, West Virginia. She started college at age fourteen and earned a Bachelor\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret S. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4802889\",\n \"text\": \"John S. Collins John Stiles Collins (December 29, 1837-February 11, 1928) was an American Quaker farmer from Moorestown Township, New Jersey who moved to South Florida and attempted to grow vegetables and coconuts on the swampy, bug-infested stretch of land between Miami and the ocean, a barrier island which became Miami Beach. Although the farming venture was not successful, with involvement from his family, notably his sons and sons-in law, John S. Collins also became a land developer. He and his family formed the Miami Beach Improvement Company in 1911, instituted the first recorded use of the term \\\"Miami Beach\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"John S. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5137682\",\n \"text\": \"with R. J. Cutler, in which she stars. The film was shown at the Sundance Film Festival and the Los Angeles Independent Film Festival. To What Miserable Wretches Have I Been Born?: Revenge Poetry for Babies and Toddlers Suzanne Weber Suzanne Weber is an American comedian, poet, and performance artist. She created the character called Anita Liberty, closely based on her own biography. She lives in New York City. Under the pen name Anita Liberty, Weber wrote \\\"How to Heal the Hurt by Hating,\\\" a collaborative work with graphic designer Michael Calleia. She also wrote \\\"How to Stay Bitter through\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Weber\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16051386\",\n \"text\": \"Collins as a flat character, yet he is one of her great accomplishments. Morris suggests that though Mr Collins has few dimensions, he is just as rounded as \\\"Sense and Sensibility's\\\" Edward Ferrars and Colonel Brandon, or \\\"Emma\\\"'s Mr Knightley and Harriet Smith. In another analysis, Deirdre Le Faye wrote \\\"what does make Mr Collins a figure of fun and rightful mockery is his lack of sense, of taste, and of generosity of spirit contrasted to his own supreme unawareness of his shortcomings in these respects\\\". He has also been criticised for taking such a casual air of his own\",\n \"title\": \"Mr William Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20615874\",\n \"text\": \"Frances Collins Frances Collins (née Dunn; 14 July 1840 - Camberley, Surrey, 17 March 1886) was a British writer and the wife of Mortimer Collins. Frances Dunn was born in 1840, and she married the writer Mortimer Collins in 1868. Mortimer Collins was ill and struggling financially when they married, and Frances helped him to manage his finances and co-wrote his last few books with him. Following her husband's death in 1876, Frances Collins published several novels under her own name as well as a memoir of her husband. She also wrote several short pieces for periodicals including Punch (magazine).\",\n \"title\": \"Frances Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5360241\",\n \"text\": \"STIG.\\\" Richard Hammond, (who interviewed Collins) reacted, saying to him, \\\"Nice T-shirt by the way.\\\" Collins admitted that he needs to \\\"update that a bit\\\", pointing to the word \\\"AM\\\", to which Hammond exclaimed, \\\"Was.\\\" After hearing about some of what Collins had been doing for the film, Hammond remarked, \\\"You should write a book.\\\" Collins joined the presenting staff of Channel 5's \\\"Fifth Gear\\\" in Series 18, participating in racing challenges on several occasions. He did not return to the cast for Series 19. Despite his removal from \\\"Top Gear\\\", Collins has subsequently appeared on the \\\"Top Gear Live\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Ben Collins (racing driver)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18611219\",\n \"text\": \"ecology, taxonomy, and entomology. Although she had health problems during the 1980s and the 1990s, Collin’s increased her work in the field, taking various expeditions to the Caribbean. On April 27, 1996 Dr. Margaret James Strickland Collins died at the age of 73. Dr. Collins died at Southern Cross Club in Little Cayman, Cayman Islands on an expedition due to congestive heart failure. Margaret S. Collins Margaret James Strickland Collins (September 4, 1922 – April 27, 1996) was an African-American child prodigy, entomologist (zoologist) specializing in the study of termites, and a civil rights advocate. Collins was nicknamed the “Termite\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret S. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20967536\",\n \"text\": \"Arthur S. Collins Jr. Arthur S. Collins Jr. was a United States Army Lieutenant General, who served as commander of I Field Force, Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Collins was born on 6 August 1915 in Boston, Massachusetts. He graduated from the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1938 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the infantry. In May 1942 he was appointed as battalion commander of the 1st Battalion, 130th Infantry Regiment. In May 1944 the 130th Infantry deployed to Finschhafen in New Guinea. In August 1944 Collins\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur S. Collins Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12401452\",\n \"text\": \"Shield. Bates was born in Danville, Illinois and received a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Illinois. She is an avid gardener. Suzanne Bates Suzanne Bates (born January 11, 1956) is an American business consultant and executive coach based in Wellesley, Massachusetts who is regarded as an authority on executive communication. She wrote two books on business communications which were described as bestsellers. She worked as an on-air reporter and anchor for television stations in Boston, Tampa and Philadelphia. In 2000, Bates started her consulting firm, Bates Communications, to coach business executives in matters related to executive communication.\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Bates\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12401451\",\n \"text\": \"Suzanne Bates Suzanne Bates (born January 11, 1956) is an American business consultant and executive coach based in Wellesley, Massachusetts who is regarded as an authority on executive communication. She wrote two books on business communications which were described as bestsellers. She worked as an on-air reporter and anchor for television stations in Boston, Tampa and Philadelphia. In 2000, Bates started her consulting firm, Bates Communications, to coach business executives in matters related to executive communication. It is based in Wellesley, a suburb of Boston. Her firm advises clients such as Fidelity Investments, Raytheon, Dow Chemical, and Blue Cross Blue\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Bates\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149544\",\n \"text\": \"anything you'd get on \\\"All My Children\\\".\\\" Furthermore, Conrad's delivery of the titular line \\\"You know what you did!\\\" when speaking to Montag has been recognized as an iconic moment from the series; the staff from \\\"Us Weekly\\\" ranked the scene as the most memorable event from the program when recapping highlights from its six seasons in July 2010. In its original broadcast in the United States on August 13, 2007, \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" was watched by 3.6 million viewers. Consequently, it became the series' most-viewed episode at the time of its first airing; as August 2007, the\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20046096\",\n \"text\": \"Institute, 2015. Finch, Richard. \\\"Marks from the Matrix: Normal Editions Workshop Collaborative Limited Edition Prints 1976-2006.\\\" IL:Normal Editions Workshop, Illinois State University, 2007. Goode-Bryant, Linda, and Marcy S. Phillips, eds. \\\"Contextures\\\". Exh. cat. New York: Just Above Midtown Gallery, 1978. Jackson, Suzanne. \\\"Animal.\\\" Los Angeles: Continuity Transcripts and Features, 1978. Jones, Kellie. \\\"South of Pico: African American Artists in Los Angeles in the 1960s and 1970s.\\\" Durham. NC: Duke University Press, 2017. LeFalle-Collins, Lizzetta, and Cecil Fergerson. \\\"19Sixties: A Cultural Awakening Re-evaluated, 1965–1975\\\". Exh. cat. Los Angeles: California Afro-American Museum Foundation, 1989. Lewis, Samella S. \\\"Art: African American\\\", 161–62. New\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Jackson (artist)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16147631\",\n \"text\": \"is the fact that the painting has been slashed from top to bottom and right through the likeness of Suzanne. The supposition is that Manet, for an unknown reason, cut the painting. Manet might have slashed the painting because he did not like the way Suzanne was painted, or because he was feuding at the time with Degas, or he might have been angry with his wife. When Degas saw what had been done to his painting he demanded its return, and he took it back. Degas intended to re-paint the likeness of Suzanne at the piano and he reiterated\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Manet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11425286\",\n \"text\": \"books and has developed an extensive library of aviation training videos. Collins authored 13 books about aviation weather and flying technique: Richard L. Collins Richard Lawrence Collins (November 28, 1933 – April 29, 2018) was an American aviation author and journalist. Collins earned his private pilot certificate in 1952 and subsequently logged over 20,000 hours in general aviation airplanes. He was the son of Leighton Collins, a well-known aviation writer, pioneering flight safety advocate and founder of \\\"Air Facts\\\" magazine. He died on April 29, 2018, aged 84. The first article that Richard Collins wrote appeared in the November 1947\",\n \"title\": \"Richard L. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17849608\",\n \"text\": \"aflame, 'Viking' style. The children return home and tell the adults what has happened. The adults are horrified, and Doug and Gavin head to the beach, where they find Gordie's pick-up truck partially submerged by the high tide; Gavin breaks down in Doug's arms. Abi and Margaret break the news of Gordie's death to the party guests, and word quickly gets out about what the children did. The police arrive to investigate, accompanied by social services worker Agnes Chisholm (Celia Imrie), who interviews the children about their actions, and after speaking with Lottie she contemplates removing them from Doug and\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did on Our Holiday\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18611217\",\n \"text\": \"termites in the Caribbean through the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, Department of Entomology; Dr. Collins specifically researched termites in Guyana. During her expeditions to Guyana, Collins informed Guyana’s military of ways to build that would avoid termite damage. She also taught the Guyana’s military how to use termite excretions to strengthen building materials like cement. Collins contributed greatly to the Smithsonian’s termite collection. The research she collected make up the Collins Collection at the National Museum of Natural History. Collins saw herself primarily as a field scientist and did extensive field work in North and South America, specializing\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret S. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347822\",\n \"text\": \"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12437861\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Scientific American\\\", \\\"Encyclopedia Americana\\\", and other encyclopedias. He also wrote numerous technical articles and books on wireless telegraphy and telephony in the first two decades of the 20th century. His 1913 \\\"Manual of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony\\\" provided a detailed and illustrated explanation of his electric arc wireless telephone transmitter and receiver, along with a general coverage of the state of the art. Following his release from prison in 1914, Collins did no further work as an electrical engineer. Embittered by his treatment, in 1917 his wife, Evelyn, filed for a separation, stating that Collins \\\"had come back to freedom...\",\n \"title\": \"Archie Frederick Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20967538\",\n \"text\": \"acting Commanding General, United States Army Europe from 20 March to 26 May 1971. He retired from the Army in July 1974. He died on 7 January 1984 in Washington D.C. and was buried at West Point Cemetery. Arthur S. Collins Jr. Arthur S. Collins Jr. was a United States Army Lieutenant General, who served as commander of I Field Force, Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Collins was born on 6 August 1915 in Boston, Massachusetts. He graduated from the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1938 and was commissioned as\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur S. Collins Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6964351\",\n \"text\": \"was not enough. Collins was known for applying classical education, in particular the Socratic method, modified for use in primary schools, successfully with impoverished students. Collins criticized the teaching of the students, not the students themselves. She wrote a number of manuals, books and motivational tracts describing her history and methods. In 1982 and in subsequent articles, Collins has been criticized by George N. Schmidt from \\\"Substance News,\\\" who claims that Collins' work was fraudulent. Collins denied any fraud. At the time, Collins had both supporters and detractors. Collins married Clarence Collins in September 1960. She had two sons (Patrick\",\n \"title\": \"Marva Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20615875\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"A Fight With Fortune\\\" (1876) (with Mortimer Collins) \\\"Mortimer Collins: His Letters and Friendships\\\" (1877) \\\"You Play Me False\\\" (1878) (with Mortimer Collins) \\\"A Broken Lily\\\" (1882) \\\"The Village Comedy\\\" (1883) Frances Collins Frances Collins (née Dunn; 14 July 1840 - Camberley, Surrey, 17 March 1886) was a British writer and the wife of Mortimer Collins. Frances Dunn was born in 1840, and she married the writer Mortimer Collins in 1868. Mortimer Collins was ill and struggling financially when they married, and Frances helped him to manage his finances and co-wrote his last few books with him. Following her husband's\",\n \"title\": \"Frances Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18611214\",\n \"text\": \"against racial inequality. Collins’s advocacy for equal rights limited her scientific work from 1952 to 1957; so, she did not publish any papers at this time. Collins applied for and received a grant from the National Science Foundation to study at the University of Minnesota for a year. From 1961 to 1962, Collins was a research associate at the Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Stationin St. Paul where she studied North American termites. In 1964, Collins moved backed to Washington, District of Columbia and returned to Howard University as a full-time professor. Collins also took a tenured position at Federal City College\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret S. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937073\",\n \"text\": \"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\\\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937071\",\n \"text\": \"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17100870\",\n \"text\": \"breast cancer for \\\"Murphy Brown\\\", winning a Humanitas Prize. In 2001, she won her third Writers Guild Award for \\\"SNL\\\"'s 25th anniversary show, \\\"Saturday Night Live 25\\\". Miller is the author of \\\"How to Be a Middle-Aged Babe\\\", \\\"a bawdy, smart satire of earnest women's magazines and self-help books\\\". Marilyn Suzanne Miller Marilyn Suzanne Miller (born January 3, 1950) is an American television writer and producer. She was one of only three female writers on the original staff of \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" and was also a writer for such 1970s sitcoms as \\\"The Odd Couple\\\", \\\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Marilyn Suzanne Miller\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21009151\",\n \"text\": \"Austria and Secretary-General of the United Nations. After retiring a second time in 1982, he began a new career as viticulturist, becoming a member of a Virginia wine cooperative and a grower of \\\"vitis vinifera\\\" grapes in Middleburg, Virginia. He died at his home there on 6 May 2002 from a pulmonary embolism, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. He was survived by his wife Yolande de Mauduit Collins, the daughter of Georges, Vicomte de Mauduit, and their four children, Corrine, Sharon, Suzanne and James Lawton Collins III, as well as his two sisters and brother Michael. The Brigadier\",\n \"title\": \"James Lawton Collins Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20606829\",\n \"text\": \"awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1998. Suzanne Desan Suzanne Desan is an American historian. She is the Vilas-Shinner Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the author or editor of four books on French history. Suzanne Desan graduated from Princeton University. She earned a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. Desan teaches at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where she is the Vilas-Shinner Professor of History. She is the author of two books and the editor of two more books on French history, especially the French Revolution. Desan won the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize from the American Historical\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Desan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20606828\",\n \"text\": \"Suzanne Desan Suzanne Desan is an American historian. She is the Vilas-Shinner Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the author or editor of four books on French history. Suzanne Desan graduated from Princeton University. She earned a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. Desan teaches at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where she is the Vilas-Shinner Professor of History. She is the author of two books and the editor of two more books on French history, especially the French Revolution. Desan won the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize from the American Historical Association in 1992, and she was\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Desan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16744679\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"The Millions.\\\" The collection received starred reviews in \\\"Kirkus Reviews\\\" and \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" and was named one of the best books of 2016 by outlets that included \\\"Elle,\\\" NPR, \\\"Nylon\\\", \\\"Publishers Weekly, and\\\" VICE. Collins was married, but divorced in 1975. She had two children from her marriage: Nina Lorez Collins and Emilio Collins. She was married a second time, to Alfred Prettyman. Collins died from breast cancer in 1988 at the age of 46, in Memorial Hospital, New York. Kathleen Collins Kathleen Collins (March 18, 1942 – September 18, 1988) (also known as Kathleen Conwell, Kathleen Conwell Collins\",\n \"title\": \"Kathleen Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7254854\",\n \"text\": \"until it ended in 2001. She made two appearances on \\\"Frasier \\\"as Roz's sister, Denise in the episode \\\"The Guilt Trippers.\\\" In recent years, she returned to theater to play Tracy Lord in \\\"The Philadelphia Story\\\" at Hartford Stage and appeared in Chris Shin's play \\\"What Didn't Happen\\\" at Playwright's Horizon. She made appearances in the television series \\\"Dexter,\\\" \\\",\\\" \\\"Shark,\\\" \\\"Bones,\\\" \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" and \\\"Desperate Housewives.\\\" She has three young children. Suzanne Cryer Suzanne Rossell Cryer (born January 13, 1967) is an American actress known for her roles as Ashley on the ABC sitcom \\\"Two Guys and a Girl\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Cryer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4404472\",\n \"text\": \"Suzanne (Leonard Cohen song) \\\"Suzanne\\\" is a song written by Canadian poet and musician Leonard Cohen in the 1960s. First published as a poem in 1966, it was recorded as a song by Judy Collins in the same year, and Cohen performed it as his debut single, from his 1967 album \\\"Songs of Leonard Cohen\\\". Many other artists have recorded versions, and it has become one of the most-covered songs in Cohen's catalogue. In 2006, Pitchfork Media listed the song #41 on their list of \\\"The Top Songs of the 1960s\\\". \\\"Suzanne\\\" was inspired by Cohen's platonic relationship with Suzanne\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne (Leonard Cohen song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20225979\",\n \"text\": \"people.\\\" Describing the misconduct of Chevron's British contractors toward southern Sudanese, he wrote, nostalgically: \\\"These are not the Gentlemen from Oxbridge with whom we associate the British.\\\" Robert (\\\"Bob\\\") Collins owned a yellow Beetle. In 1972, he married Janyce Hutchins (1934-2005), a university administrator and \\\"gifted astrologer.\\\" They traveled frequently together in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. Collins wrote 35 books, numerous encyclopedia entries, and more than one hundred scholarly articles and book chapters. He also frequently collaborated with other authors, most notably Francis Deng and J. Millard Burr. Robert O. Collins Robert Oakley Collins (1933 – 2008) was\",\n \"title\": \"Robert O. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11463662\",\n \"text\": \"been familiar with Morecambe and Wise. The show offered tickets for the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth Broadway preview performances for $1, $2, $3, $4, and $5, respectively as a publicity stunt. The Play What I Wrote The Play What I Wrote is a comedy play written by Hamish McColl, Sean Foley and Eddie Braben, starring Foley and McColl (the double act The Right Size, playing characters named \\\"Sean\\\" and \\\"Hamish\\\"), with Toby Jones, directed by Kenneth Branagh and produced in its original production by David Pugh and Dafydd Rogers. The show is a celebration of the British double\",\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11463657\",\n \"text\": \"The Play What I Wrote The Play What I Wrote is a comedy play written by Hamish McColl, Sean Foley and Eddie Braben, starring Foley and McColl (the double act The Right Size, playing characters named \\\"Sean\\\" and \\\"Hamish\\\"), with Toby Jones, directed by Kenneth Branagh and produced in its original production by David Pugh and Dafydd Rogers. The show is a celebration of the British double act Morecambe and Wise, and an irreverent and farcical exploration of the nature of double acts in general. Its title is drawn from one of Morecambe and Wise's catchphrases, as is \\\"A Tight\",\n \"title\": \"The Play What I Wrote\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18928609\",\n \"text\": \"This World Did To Us\\\" adapted from AllMusic. Managerial Visuals and imagery Performance credits Technical and production Look What This World Did to Us Look What This World Did To Us is a studio album by Red Pill. Released on April 7, 2015 by Mello Music Group, it was largely well received by critics. The Canadian music publication \\\"Exclaim!\\\" wrote that the lyrics \\\"range from deeply intimate, to unflinchingly grim, to hilariously self-deprecating, often in the same bar.\\\" According to Red Pill, at the time of writing the album he'd been reading Charles Bukowski, which somewhat influenced the album's focus\",\n \"title\": \"Look What This World Did to Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17034721\",\n \"text\": \"threat the next day, Ready reportedly apologized for his remarks. Other conspiracy theorists have tried to connect the shooting to references in popular culture. Prison Planet, a website owned by British conspiracy theorist Paul Joseph Watson, mentioned that Newtown-based author Suzanne Collins wrote \\\"The Hunger Games\\\" books, in which 22 children are \\\"ritualistically\\\" killed, while 20 children were killed in the shooting. Others pointed out that \\\"Sandy Hook\\\" can be seen on a map in the 2012 Batman film \\\"The Dark Knight Rises\\\" despite Sandy Hook also being the name of the New Jersey peninsula just south of New York\",\n \"title\": \"Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15529302\",\n \"text\": \"Suzanne Segal Suzanne Segal (1955–1997) was a writer and teacher about spiritual enlightenment, known for her sudden experience of Self-Realization which she wrote about in her book \\\"Collision With the Infinite: A Life Beyond the Personal Self\\\". In addition to gaining note in the spiritual community, Segal became a model case of the dissociative condition known as depersonalization disorder (DPD). Along her journey some therapists formally diagnosed her with DPD, while others did not have clear explanations. Two years after her shift into a \\\"sense of unity\\\", Segal relapsed into the uncomfortable state of constant anxiety she had first experienced.\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Segal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11477620\",\n \"text\": \"poets of the City, 2015 [1] Hip Poetics, CSU Long Beach Creative Writing Club, Suzanne Lummis Interview http://hippoetics.blogspot.com/2012/05/suzanne-lummis-interview.html [2] Four Iconic Books in the Landscape of L.A. Letters, KCET http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/columns/la-letters/four-iconic-books-in-the-landscape-of-la-letters.html Visions & Affiliations: A California Literary Time Line Part Two, Pantograph Press, by Jack Foley, 2011 Hold-Outs: The Los Angeles Poetry Renaissance, 1948-1992 (Contemporary North American Poetry), U of Iowa Press, by Bill Mohr Poetry Los Angeles: Reading the Essential Poems of the City, U of Michigan Press, by Lawrence Goldstein, 2014: Introduction, pp 11–17. Poets' Quarterly: In Conversation with Suzanne Lummis http://www.poetsquarterly.com/2014/10/in-conversation-with-suzanne-lummis.html La Bloga: Open 24 Hours: An Interview\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Lummis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579047\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579043\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18611208\",\n \"text\": \"taught Vocational Agriculture at West Virginia State, ran the poultry program at West Virginia State, taught at West Virginia State’s laboratory high school, and was a county agent for the UDSA. Collins's mother, Luella James, wanted to become an archaeologist but her studies at West Virginia State were limited because of her gender; she later dropped out of college. From an early age Collins was fascinated in Zoology. Inspired by naturalist Ernest Thompson Seton’s books, \\\"Two Little Savages\\\" and \\\"Rolf in the Woods\\\", Collins would explore the woods and barn near her childhood home in order to collect insects. When\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret S. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578094\",\n \"text\": \"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \\\"What Katy Did\\\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \\\"Little Women\\\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11211138\",\n \"text\": \"Bud never tried to hurt him, and Ray answers: \\\"He did, tonight. He knew the worst thing for me would be to stay alive in a world without you.\\\" In October 2018, Little, Brown, the publishers of many of Duncan's titles, reissued her books with updates to modernize some of the content. \\\"I Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" was in the first group of 10 different titles that were updated and reissued with these changes. Small details were changed to include references to modern tools such as Google, cell phones, and clothing choices. I Know What You Did Last\",\n \"title\": \"I Know What You Did Last Summer (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7143993\",\n \"text\": \"Hubert purchased in the 1950s. Lady Suzanne Wilkins was a gifted portrait artist, and did many paintings during her lifetime. She suffered a stroke in 1972, which left her blind. She was cared for by Winston Ross—Sir Hubert's former personal secretary, and his wife Marley Ross—relocating to Southern California. She died in Orange County, California in December 1974, and her ashes were scattered at the North Pole from on 4 May 1975, as were her husband's from in 1959. The couple had no children during their twenty-nine years of marriage. \\\"Guns\\\" [Original, Play] Performer: Suzanne Bennett [Cora Chase] -Dates: Aug\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Bennett\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18551496\",\n \"text\": \"during the war years, first at a convent school in Vancouver. Only once in November 1940, did Leigh visit her daughter in Canada. The visit turned out to be traumatic for all involved as the media soon discovered that \\\"Scarlett\\\" was in Vancouver, and that her daughter was enrolled in a convent school, spurring not only unwanted publicity for Suzanne but spurious claims that she would be the subject of a kidnapping. The Reverend Mother also feared for the safety of other children in her care, resulting in Suzanne being transferred by her grandmother to a day school. Gertrude Hartley\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Farrington\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15071195\",\n \"text\": \"publishing venture, specializing in religious and educational books. The company was renamed William Collins, Sons and Co Ltd. in 1868. (The Library of Congress reports W. Collins & Co., or William Collins & Company, Collins & Co., etc., before \\\"sometime in the 1860's\\\", then \\\"William Collins Sons and Co.\\\", LCCN: nr2001-16410.) Although the early emphasis of the company had been on religion and education, Collins also published more widely. In 1917, with Sir Godfrey Collins in charge, the firm started publishing fiction. Collins Crime Club (1930–94) published all but the first six of Agatha Christie's novels, starting in 1926, as\",\n \"title\": \"William Collins, Sons\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753826\",\n \"text\": \"album, \\\"Definitive Collection\\\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \\\"Paper Lace\\\". I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753825\",\n \"text\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15360885\",\n \"text\": \"Suzanne Somers Suzanne Somers (born Suzanne Marie Mahoney, October 16, 1946) is an American actress, author, singer, businesswoman, and health spokesperson. She is best known for her television roles as Chrissy Snow on \\\"Three's Company\\\" and as Carol Foster Lambert on \\\"Step by Step\\\". Somers later became the author of a series of best-selling self-help books, including \\\"Ageless: The Naked Truth About Bioidentical Hormones\\\" (2006), about bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. She has released two autobiographies, four diet books, and a book of poetry. She has been criticized for her views on some medical subjects and her advocacy of the Wiley\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Somers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14523578\",\n \"text\": \"Suzanne Crowley Suzanne Carlisle Crowley (born November 19, 1963) is an American children's book author whose books target a young adolescent audience. She is the published author of \\\"The Very Ordered Existence of Merilee Marvelous\\\" and \\\"The Stolen One\\\". Her debut novel, \\\"The Very Ordered Existence of Merilee Marvelous\\\" was an IRA Notable Children's Book, and was selected as the Book Sense #3 Top Children's Pick for Fall of 2007. \\\"The Stolen One\\\", her second novel, is an Indie Next List Pick for Fall of 2009 and a Best Books for Young Adults nominee. Suzanne Carlisle Crowley was born in\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne Crowley\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16339908\",\n \"text\": \"Glenview. They had 2 children, Michael and Bruce. In the mid 50's, he was employed by the Jacoby Advertising Agency as a Writer. In the 60's, he was employed by Wilding Studios, and wrote television scrips for the Wild Kingdom series. In the mid 60's, he wrote storybooks and maps for the \\\"General Whitman's Adventure\\\" series. He was also the author of dozens of children's books from the Whitman \\\"Big Little Books\\\" series from the mid 60's until the early 80's. Towards the end of his career, he even wrote a science fiction handbook that was a tutorial used in\",\n \"title\": \"George S. Elrick\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18688321\",\n \"text\": \"as Honorary Chair of Le Grand Bal, benefitting Covenant House and, previously, Oolagen Youth Mental Health. She is also a committee member of the annual fundraising event Scrubs in the City, benefitting the Hospital for Sick Children. Beyond her philanthropic ties to the fashion industry, Rogers serves on the judging panel for the annual Canadian Arts & Fashion Awards. She was featured along with her daughter in the 2013 \\\"Flare\\\"’s Icons issue, showcasing the 50 most stylish Canadians of all time, as well as \\\"Hello!\\\" Canada's 2014 list of Canada's Best Dressed. Suzanne A. Rogers Suzanne Angelique Rogers (née Kolev)\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne A. Rogers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12437865\",\n \"text\": \"with an emphasis on \\\"hands-on\\\" experimentation, at a level intended for high school students. After discussing the \\\"Einstein Theory,\\\" Collins tells his readers how to build a spectroscope, a radio receiver, and an x-ray machine for home experimentation. In 1941, a book review reported that \\\"A. Frederick Collins has to his credit some 37 'self-help' and practical books ranking from chemistry and electricity and the stars to household mechanics, your car, and gardening.\\\" He eventually wrote about 100 books on scientific and technical subjects, hobbies, and sports, plus over 500 articles in technical and scientific magazines and journals. Collins' writings\",\n \"title\": \"Archie Frederick Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8334567\",\n \"text\": \"– 0:31 16. \\\"A Little Buzz\\\" – 2:46 17. \\\"Kids Didn't Change\\\" – 0:54 18. \\\"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\\\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994152\",\n \"text\": \"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\\\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \\\"Fireball\\\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20074159\",\n \"text\": \"the case brought up contradictory points. Those who supported Suzanne talked about father-centered families with a subordinate wife and children yet they stated that she did not need parental control. Instead, they supported Suzanne by emphasizing individual rights and the rationality a young woman has. Those who supported her uncles reminded that Suzanne was \\\"first daughter of the republic\\\" and that she was a symbol of being French and revolutionary. Despite that, they still spoke of her incapability of being an independent citizen of France. Suzanne and Jean-François De Witt got married and shortly thereafter, on March 22, 1802, were\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4404480\",\n \"text\": \"Cave performed the song in the film \\\"\\\". A portion of the lyrics introduces Ken Kesey's 1992 novel \\\"Sailor Song\\\". The song is played as a slow-motion backdrop to film of Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky in Adam Curtis' 2011 documentary \\\"All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace\\\". Martin Sharp wrote the lyrics for Cream's \\\"Tales of Brave Ulysses\\\" to the melody of this song, specifically the Judy Collins version. Eric Clapton later set Sharp's lyrics to his own music. Kathy Bates sings the opening line of the song in the 2014 film \\\"Tammy\\\" starring Melissa McCarthy. Suzanne (Leonard\",\n \"title\": \"Suzanne (Leonard Cohen song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18928606\",\n \"text\": \"Look What This World Did to Us Look What This World Did To Us is a studio album by Red Pill. Released on April 7, 2015 by Mello Music Group, it was largely well received by critics. The Canadian music publication \\\"Exclaim!\\\" wrote that the lyrics \\\"range from deeply intimate, to unflinchingly grim, to hilariously self-deprecating, often in the same bar.\\\" According to Red Pill, at the time of writing the album he'd been reading Charles Bukowski, which somewhat influenced the album's focus on \\\"the daily grind.\\\" About the production, Red Pill explained that \\\"for this particular record, I wanted\",\n \"title\": \"Look What This World Did to Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5531904\",\n \"text\": \"there, Collins started reading chess books, eventually amassing \\\"a library of over six hundred.\\\" Collins tried to join the Marshall Chess Club, but found the players to be too strong, and the location too far away for him to travel to. Hence, he started teaching \\\"the other boys on the block\\\" and the Hawthorne Chess Club was founded. Collins wrote to the local newspapers and \\\"obtained the names and addresses of several high-school teams in the metropolitan area.\\\" This led to inter-club matches between Collins' team and the high-school teams, mostly played out of Collins' living room. Eventually Collins founded\",\n \"title\": \"John W. Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8543560\",\n \"text\": \"lived happily with his four wives. What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \\\"The Brown Fairy Book\\\" (1904), with the note \\\"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\\\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a\",\n \"title\": \"What the Rose did to the Cypress\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8543549\",\n \"text\": \"What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \\\"The Brown Fairy Book\\\" (1904), with the note \\\"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\\\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a tree with a spring beneath it\",\n \"title\": \"What the Rose did to the Cypress\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"823565\",\n \"text\": \"Max Allan Collins Max Allan Collins (born March 3, 1948) is an American mystery writer. His work has been published in several formats and his \\\"Road to Perdition\\\" series was the basis for a film of the same name. He wrote the \\\"Dick Tracy\\\" newspaper strip for many years and has produced numerous novels featuring the character as well. Collins has written novels, screenplays, comic books, comic strips, trading cards, short stories, movie novelizations and historical fiction. He wrote the graphic novel \\\"Road to Perdition\\\" (which was developed into a film in 2002), created the comic book private eye \\\"Ms.\",\n \"title\": \"Max Allan Collins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19610742\",\n \"text\": \"Seedlings Braille Books for Children Seedlings Braille Books for Children is an American 501(c)(3) non-profit organization based in Livonia, Michigan that provides children’s books in Braille below cost to children who are blind and visually impaired. It has distributed books across the United States, Canada, and 70 other countries worldwide. The organization also operates two additional programs that provide free Braille materials in the United States and Canada: the Book Angel Program provides three free Braille books a year to blind and visually impaired youth under 21 years of age, and The Rose Project provides free Braille transcriptions of World\",\n \"title\": \"Seedlings Braille Books for Children\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["gregor and the prophecy of bane","gregor and the marks of secret","fire proof","gregor and the code of claw","the underland chronicles book three","when charlie mcbutton lost power","gregor and the curse of the warmbloods","catching fire","12","gregor the overlander"],"string":"[\n \"gregor and the prophecy of bane\",\n \"gregor and the marks of secret\",\n \"fire proof\",\n \"gregor and the code of claw\",\n \"the underland chronicles book three\",\n \"when charlie mcbutton lost power\",\n \"gregor and the curse of the warmbloods\",\n \"catching fire\",\n \"12\",\n \"gregor the overlander\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2180,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what state obama was born?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"8058531","text":"born in 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii (which had become a U.S. state in 1959). His mother was a U.S. citizen and his father was a British subject from British Kenya. Before and after the 2008 presidential election, arguments were made that Obama was not a natural-born citizen. On June 12, 2008, the Obama presidential campaign launched a website to counter what it described as a smear campaign by his opponents, including conspiracy theories challenging his eligibility. The most prominent issue raised against Obama was the claim made in several lawsuits that he was not actually born in Hawaii. The Supreme","title":"Natural-born-citizen clause"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8058531\",\n \"text\": \"born in 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii (which had become a U.S. state in 1959). His mother was a U.S. citizen and his father was a British subject from British Kenya. Before and after the 2008 presidential election, arguments were made that Obama was not a natural-born citizen. On June 12, 2008, the Obama presidential campaign launched a website to counter what it described as a smear campaign by his opponents, including conspiracy theories challenging his eligibility. The most prominent issue raised against Obama was the claim made in several lawsuits that he was not actually born in Hawaii. The Supreme\",\n \"title\": \"Natural-born-citizen clause\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12772930","text":"\"Barry\" rather than \"Barack\"; and that Barack Obama Sr. was not his biological father, as well as the rumor that Barack Obama was not a natural-born citizen. In August 2008, Philip J. Berg, a former member of the Democratic State Committee of Pennsylvania, brought an unsuccessful lawsuit against Obama, which alleged \"that Obama was born in Mombasa, Kenya.\" In October 2008, an NPR article referred to \"Kenyan-born Sen. Barack Obama.\" Also that month, anonymous e-mails circulated claiming that the Associated Press (AP) had reported Obama was \"Kenyan-Born\". The claims were based on an AP story that had appeared five years","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"14066893","text":"responded to the question as to when life begins, \"Whether you're looking at it from a theological perspective or a scientific perspective, answering that question with specificity is above my pay grade.\" In the Illinois state legislature, Obama opposed the Induced Infant Liability Act and repeatedly voted against requirements and restrictions intended to stop what opponents label as \"born alive\" abortions. Obama said that his opposition was because of technical language he felt might have \"interfered with a woman's right to choose\" and said Illinois law \"already required medical care in such situations.\" Obama voted against a bill that would","title":"Social policy of the Barack Obama administration"},{"psg_id":"5509513","text":"Obama has said that the two had an \"opposites attract\" scenario in their initial interest in each other, since Michelle had stability from her two-parent home while he was \"adventurous\". They married on October 3, 1992. After suffering a miscarriage, Michelle underwent in vitro fertilisation to conceive their daughters Malia Ann (born 1998) and Natasha (known as Sasha, born 2001). The Obama family lived on Chicago's South Side, where Barack taught at the University of Chicago Law School. He was elected to the state senate in 1996, and to the US Senate in 2004. They chose to keep their residence","title":"Michelle Obama"},{"psg_id":"9631882","text":"after the Iowa caucuses, targeting undecided and independent voters in the state. The day before the election, polls conducted by CNN/WMUR, Rasmussen Reports and USA Today/Gallup showed Obama jumping ahead by 9, 10, and 13 points respectively. Despite the apparent surge of momentum, Clinton defeated Obama by a margin of 39.1 percent to 36.5 percent in the New Hampshire primary on January 8, 2008. Obama told supporters that he was \"still fired up and ready to go\", echoing a theme of his campaign. In what has been called the \"Yes We Can\" speech, Obama acknowledged that he faced a fight","title":"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign"},{"psg_id":"12223544","text":"News & World Report\" article \"A shining star named Obama. How a most unlikely politician became a darling of the Democrats\" reported that \"what was once a long-shot campaign by an obscure state senator with a funny name ... ha[d] come to resemble a runaway freight train,\" with Obama, the lead guest on \"Meet the Press\", being asked by Tim Russert about comments in Ryan Lizza's \"The Atlantic\" article \"The Natural. Why is Barack Obama generating more excitement among Democrats than John Kerry?\" In contrast, Eli Saslow's August 2008 \"Washington Post\" article \"The 17 Minutes That Launched a Political Star\"","title":"Public image of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12772995","text":"Republicans believed that Obama had been born outside the United States. As a result of the widespread publicity given to the citizenship controversy, 60% of respondents in an Ohio State University survey carried out in November 2008 had heard of the issue. However, only 10% believed the claims that Obama was not a citizen. An opinion poll carried out for Daily Kos by Research 2000 in July 2009 found that 77% of Americans believed that Obama was born in the U.S., while 11% didn't, and 12% were unsure. However, Republicans and Southerners were far more likely than other political or","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"15491704","text":"of two American parents can qualify as a natural-born citizen. Scheck also alleged Obama had been using a fraudulent birth certificate and Social Security Number. In a unanimous decision on May 11, the elections board dismissed the complaint, citing a lack of jurisdiction to consider allegations of the type raised by Scheveck. On September 13, 2012, a state board rejected three challenges to Obama's placement on the November ballot, finding the challenges were raising arguments that had been previously rejected and based on \"an incorrect legal interpretation of what constitutes a 'natural born citizen'\". Taitz filed a lawsuit in Indiana,","title":"Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation"},{"psg_id":"8523529","text":"members of the government had attempted to destabilize Equatorial Guinea, and he asserted that it would be necessary to \"change the entire government\". Ignacio Milam Tang was appointed to succeed Mangue on July 8. Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea (born \"c\". 1961) is a politician from Equatorial Guinea and a member of PDGE. He was Prime Minister from 2006 to 2008. He is a lawyer by profession. Mangue Obama has worked as President Teodoro Obiang Nguema's lawyer. In the government named on February 11, 2003, he was appointed as Minister of State in charge of the Civil","title":"Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea"},{"psg_id":"8523527","text":"Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea (born \"c\". 1961) is a politician from Equatorial Guinea and a member of PDGE. He was Prime Minister from 2006 to 2008. He is a lawyer by profession. Mangue Obama has worked as President Teodoro Obiang Nguema's lawyer. In the government named on February 11, 2003, he was appointed as Minister of State in charge of the Civil Service and Administrative Coordination. He was Second Deputy Prime Minister in the government of Prime Minister Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó, and also previously held the labor and education portfolios. Following the resignation of Abia","title":"Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea"},{"psg_id":"14066926","text":"translate our religious values into moral terms that all people can share, including those who are not believers. And that is how our democracy’s functioning, will continue to function. That’s what the founding fathers intended.\" In July 2008, Obama said that if elected president he would expand the delivery of social services through churches and other religious organizations, vowing to achieve what he said President Bush had fallen short on. His 2008 campaign web site contains his Faith Statement. As a state legislator in Illinois, Obama supported banning the sale or transfer of all forms of semi-automatic firearms, increasing state","title":"Social policy of the Barack Obama administration"},{"psg_id":"16107273","text":"Barack Obama Day Barack Obama Day refers to two days of recognition in the United States in honor of Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The State of Illinois celebrates the commemorative holiday every August 4, which is Obama's birthday, beginning in 2018. Obama was a member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004 and represented the state in the United States Senate from 2005 to 2008 before becoming president. Similar to other commemorative holidays, it is not a legal state holiday, meaning workplaces are not closed on the","title":"Barack Obama Day"},{"psg_id":"14066912","text":"in response to a petition calling for the practice to be banned. As an Illinois State Senator, Obama supported Senate bill 0099 for \"age and developmentally appropriate\" sex education, which would have allowed parents to choose to withdraw their children from the classes. The bill was endorsed by the Illinois Parent Teacher Association, the Illinois State Medical Society, the Illinois Public Health Association, and the Illinois Education Association. In a debate in 2004, when questioned by Alan Keyes about what kind of sex education was \"age appropriate\" for kindergarteners, Obama said, \"I'll give you an example, because I have a","title":"Social policy of the Barack Obama administration"},{"psg_id":"12648106","text":"South Side Chicago home that sits on the border between the Hyde Park and Kenwood community areas. Jenna and Barbara Bush had lots of advice for Malia and Sasha Obama. The Bush twins sent the Obama daughters an open letter that was published in \"The Wall Street Journal\". The outgoing Bush family did not take much with them as they left the White House. Among the items they left behind was their official state china service, a Lenox gilt-edged style with a green basket weave border, estimated to be worth $492,798. However, what they did not take with them can","title":"Presidential transition of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"8058516","text":"with citizenship in what would become the U.S. (Andrew Jackson). Of those in the latter group, every president except two (Chester A. Arthur and Barack Obama) had two U.S.-citizen parents. Further, four additional U.S. Presidents had one or both of his U.S.-citizen parents not born on U.S. soil (James Buchanan, Woodrow Wilson, Herbert Hoover and Donald Trump). Some presidential candidates were not born in a U.S. state or lacked two U.S.-citizen parents. In addition, one U.S. vice president (Al Gore) was born in Washington, D.C., and another (Charles Curtis) was born in the Kansas Territory. This does not necessarily mean","title":"Natural-born-citizen clause"},{"psg_id":"16892983","text":"Virginia's Miller Center, added that Obama's second inaugural address mattered in comparison to previous second inaugural speeches \"because future historians will mark it as the moment that Obama explained why he is a progressive. The programs that Obama called for were characteristically liberal: reaffirming the social safety net, equal pay for women, etc. Nothing new here -- just the Obama classic. What differed this time, and what this moment was made for (to twist the president's own words) was articulating the progressive rationale for these programmatic ends. \"Preserving our individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action,\" Obama proudly told the nation.\"","title":"Second inauguration of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"14085725","text":"would have to take a more pragmatic stance on the legal status of detainees. Meanwhile, professor of international politics Daniel Drezner suggested the Obama Doctrine was influenced by French philosopher Montesquieu, whose thinking in Drezner's words could be crudely summarised \"useless conflicts weaken necessary conflicts.\" The Obama Doctrine, in Drezner's interpretation, was to abandon foreign policies that had proven fruitless and unpopular, in order to focus on more important and pressing issues. On April 16, E.J. Dionne wrote a column for The Washington Post expressing a highly positive view of what he saw as the Obama Doctrine. The column came","title":"Obama Doctrine"},{"psg_id":"11413541","text":"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was","title":"What Was Lost"},{"psg_id":"11413536","text":"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and","title":"What Was Lost"},{"psg_id":"12772988","text":"I would do in the first debate is offer my birth certificate, so we can get that off the table.\" Previously on \"Good Morning America\", when asked about President Obama's origins, she replied, \"Well, that isn't for me to state. That's for the president to state.\" On May 12, 2012, Mike Coffman, a congressman running for re-election in the Sixth Congressional District of Colorado, addressed a Republican fund-raising event in Elbert County. Coffman stated that he did not know where President Barack Obama was born. Coffman went on to say of Obama that \"in his heart, he's not an American.","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"5509496","text":"Michelle Obama Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer, university administrator, and writer who served as the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is married to the 44th U.S. President, Barack Obama, and was the first African-American First Lady. Raised on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, Obama is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School. In her early legal career, she worked at the law firm Sidley Austin, where she met Barack Obama. She subsequently worked in non-profits and as the Associate Dean of Student Services at","title":"Michelle Obama"},{"psg_id":"20880937","text":"Nations qualification. Obama's twin brother, Federico Obama, is also a footballer for Atlético Madrid (at youth level) and a senior international for Equatorial Guinea. Salomón Obama Salomón Asumu Obama Ondo (born 4 February 2000) is an Equatoguinean professional footballer who plays as a forward for Atlético Madrid B and the Equatorial Guinea national team. Obama moved to Spain at a young age from Equatorial Guinea, and raised in Torrejón. Salómón joined the youth academy of Atlético Madrid in 2008. Obama, at the age of 18, was called up to the senior Equatorial Guinea national football team in August 2018. He","title":"Salomón Obama"},{"psg_id":"11372892","text":"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"psg_id":"11372888","text":"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"psg_id":"16107275","text":"Bill 55, which designated August 4 as Barack Obama Day but did not make it an official state holiday. The bill passed both houses of the Illinois General Assembly with no votes against, and was signed into law by Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner on August 4, 2017. The bill amended the State Commemorative Dates Act to include a new section: Barack Obama Day. August 4th of each year is designated as Barack Obama Day, to be observed throughout the State as a day set apart to honor the 44th President of the United States of America who began his career","title":"Barack Obama Day"},{"psg_id":"11372889","text":"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \"What It Was...\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \"\"Deacon\" Andy Griffith.\" Griffith made an appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \"What It Was, Was Football\" was printed in \"Mad\" magazine in 1958,","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"psg_id":"15491691","text":"that the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in \"Minor v. Happersett\" required a natural-born citizen to be born in the U.S. of two U.S. citizen parents; however, the judge dismissed the suit on March 7, 2012, ruling that \"President Obama is a natural born citizen under the Constitution\" and that \"[c]ontrary to Plaintiff's assertion, \"Minor v. Happersett\" ... does not hold otherwise.\" Gary Kreep (one of the attorneys who filed \"Barnett v. Obama\") filed on the behalf of seven other Californians a lawsuit demanding that the California Secretary of State verify the eligibility of all presidential candidates before putting them on","title":"Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation"},{"psg_id":"8058478","text":"the presidential ballot, based on his own interpretation that \"natural born citizen\" required the president \"to have been born on United States soil \"and\" have \"two\" United States \"born\" parents\" (emphasis added). To this the Court responded, \"Article II, section 1, clause 5 does not state this. No legal authority has ever stated that the Natural Born Citizen clause means what plaintiff Strunk claims it says. ... Moreover, President Obama is the sixth U.S. President to have had one or both of his parents not born on U.S. soil\". The opinion then listed Andrew Jackson, James Buchanan, Chester A. Arthur,","title":"Natural-born-citizen clause"},{"psg_id":"9631867","text":"capture terrorists. That would happen, he added, only if \"the Pakistani government was unable or unwilling\" to go after the terrorists. As Democratic debates took place during the summer, Obama received at best mixed notices for his efforts. Democratic strategist Bob Shrum said, \"He slips into this tendency, which he probably learned as president of the Harvard Law Review, to overstate his premises before he states his position. In politics, you do the opposite of what you do in the Law Review—you state your position, then say your premises—if you ever get to them.\" Commentator Eleanor Clift said that, \"Obama","title":"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign"},{"psg_id":"19235823","text":"Youssef Obama Youssef Ibrahim (; born 26 May 1994), nicknamed Youssef Obama (), is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays for Zamalek as an attacking midfielder. A product of the Zamalek youth system, he made his debut for the club in the Egyptian Premier League in 2014. He was sent out on loan twice between 2015 and 2016, with Al Ittihad and Wadi Degla, before returning to Zamalek. Obama began his career with Zamalek, being promoted from the under-23 squad to the first team in July 2014 by manager Mido. He was given the nickname Obama due to his resemblance","title":"Youssef Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045016","text":"born in 1640 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was one of Obama's maternal eighth great-grandfathers and is his earliest ancestor known to be born in North America. Obama's family in Kenya are members of the Luo people, the nation's second-largest ethnic group. Linguistically, Luo is one of the Nilotic languages. The Obama family is concentrated in the western Kenyan province of Nyanza. Paternal grandfather to Barack Obama, he was born Onyango Obama. (One source gives 1870–1975 as his dates of birth and death, possibly based on his tombstone in his home village. Barack Obama relates finding in 1988 a British","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"10650487","text":"What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \"What Happened Was...\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \"Siskel & Ebert\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the","title":"What Happened Was"},{"psg_id":"16541823","text":"hashtag #AskObama, it took Obama 3111 characters to respond. The event was moderated by Twitter executive Jack Dorsey, and Obama started the session with a sample tweet to himself through @WhiteHouse that said \"in order to reduce the deficit, what costs would you cut and what investments would you keep – bo\". Dorsey said afterwards that Twitter received over 110,000 #AskObama-hashtagged tweets. Boehner was quite active with his questions from the outset. Some in the media proposed May 24, 2012, as the date when Obama became the first President to respond to questions on Twitter. On July 29, 2011, during","title":"Barack Obama on social media"},{"psg_id":"12772959","text":"was a Citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies at the time Obama was born, Obama was born a dual citizen and therefore was not a natural-born citizen. In August 2008, the \"Rocky Mountain News\" ran an online article asserting that Obama is both a U.S. and a Kenyan citizen. This turned out to be incorrect according to FactCheck.org, which noted that Obama was indeed born a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC) under British law, by virtue of his descent from a Kenyan father at a time when Kenya was a British colony, but lost CUKC citizenship","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"5509570","text":"not be running for president in 2020. Michelle has previously stated that she has no passion for politics. Michelle Obama Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer, university administrator, and writer who served as the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is married to the 44th U.S. President, Barack Obama, and was the first African-American First Lady. Raised on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, Obama is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School. In her early legal career, she worked at the law firm Sidley Austin, where","title":"Michelle Obama"},{"psg_id":"20880936","text":"Salomón Obama Salomón Asumu Obama Ondo (born 4 February 2000) is an Equatoguinean professional footballer who plays as a forward for Atlético Madrid B and the Equatorial Guinea national team. Obama moved to Spain at a young age from Equatorial Guinea, and raised in Torrejón. Salómón joined the youth academy of Atlético Madrid in 2008. Obama, at the age of 18, was called up to the senior Equatorial Guinea national football team in August 2018. He previously played for the Spanish under-17 team. He made his national team debut as a substitute against Sudan in the 2019 Africa Cup of","title":"Salomón Obama"},{"psg_id":"13944486","text":"Presidents Obama and Medvedev agreed that the Commission would have thirteen working groups. In October 2009, during the visit to Moscow of Secretary of State Clinton, three additional working groups were added; on Counterterrorism, Environment, and Military to Military. In addition, Sports was added as a sub-group of the Working Group on Education and Cultural Exchanges, and a Policy Steering Group was created, headed by Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov and U.S. Undersecretary of State William Burns. The working groups are: Obama–Medvedev Commission The Obama–Medvedev Commission, officially known as the U.S.–Russia Bilateral Presidential Commission, was announced on July 6,","title":"Obama–Medvedev Commission"},{"psg_id":"16107276","text":"serving the People of Illinois in both the Illinois State Senate and the United States Senate, and dedicated his life to protecting the rights of Americans and building bridges across communities. Since the United States presidential election of 2008, Obama Day is celebrated annually on November 6 in Kenya, the country from which President Obama's father originated. Barack Obama Day Barack Obama Day refers to two days of recognition in the United States in honor of Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The State of Illinois celebrates the commemorative holiday","title":"Barack Obama Day"},{"psg_id":"2826819","text":"Firearms and Explosives for the first time since 2006. On January 5, 2016, Obama announced new executive actions extending background check requirements to more gun sellers. In a 2016 editorial in the \"New York Times\", Obama compared the struggle for what he termed \"common-sense gun reform\" to women's suffrage and other civil rights movements in American history. Obama called the November 2, 2010 election, where the Democratic Party lost 63 seats in, and control of, the House of Representatives, \"humbling\" and a \"shellacking\". He said that the results came because not enough Americans had felt the effects of the economic","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12223535","text":"a column entitled \"What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me\". Addressing the issue of whether he was \"black enough,\" Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that the debate was not about his physical appearance or his record on issues of concern to black voters. Obama said, \"we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong.\" After a McCain advertisement accused Obama of being \"just a celebrity like Britney Spears or Paris Hilton,\" Obama asserted that McCain and other Republicans would try to scare voters","title":"Public image of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"11706774","text":"Sarah Onyango Obama Sarah Onyango Obama (born 1921-1922) is a Kenyan educator and philanthropist. She is the third wife of the paternal grandfather of U.S. president Barack Obama. She is known for short as Sarah Obama; she is sometimes referred to as Sarah Ogwel, Sarah Hussein Obama, or Sarah Anyango Obama. She lives in Nyang'oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria. Although she is not a blood relation, Barack Obama calls her \"Granny Sarah\". Sarah, who speaks Luo and only a few words of English, communicates with President Obama","title":"Sarah Onyango Obama"},{"psg_id":"12649020","text":"Obama left office, historians expressed various opinions about his effectiveness as president, with many noting that subsequent events would determine his ultimate legacy. There was universal agreement that Obama would long be remembered as the first African-American president. Many noted that Obama presided over an economic recovery and passed major domestic legislation, but failed to bridge a partisan divide and left office with his party in a weakened state. Presidency of Barack Obama The presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States, and","title":"Presidency of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"10840910","text":"What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa Children's Book Award and the Carnegie Medal. \"What I Was\" tells the story of a secret friendship between two teenagers, one an unhappy public schoolboy and the other living an independent and isolated life on the beach near the school. It is set on the East Anglian coast in 1962. The book is framed as the reminiscence of an old man recalling the year he discovered love. It is written as a first-person","title":"What I Was"},{"psg_id":"12985007","text":"Press that the Obama Girl video had upset his daughters and said, \"You do wish people would think about what impact their actions have on kids and families.\" Obama's campaign stated they had nothing to do with the video's creation. Kauffman and Ettinger confirmed this during their June 15, 2007 appearance on \"Fox & Friends\", where they said that the video was not made to support Barack Obama in his campaign but rather for fun. They also expressed interest in making more videos of the same genre for other candidates of other parties as well. Crush on Obama \"Crush on","title":"Crush on Obama"},{"psg_id":"18660880","text":"how we choose to tell stories.\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,","title":"What Was Before"},{"psg_id":"18660879","text":"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of","title":"What Was Before"},{"psg_id":"11413537","text":"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \"What Was Lost\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \"What Was Lost\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \"What Was Lost\" is set in the city","title":"What Was Lost"},{"psg_id":"19421270","text":"Award. What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to","title":"What Was Said"},{"psg_id":"19421268","text":"What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to collaboration","title":"What Was Said"},{"psg_id":"12045045","text":"complications caused by cancer and respiratory problems. Half-uncle of Barack Obama, born c. 1950s in Nyang'oma Kogelo; son of Onyango and his third wife Sarah Obama. Half-uncle of Barack Obama, born c. 1950s in Nyang'oma Kogelo; son of Onyango and his third wife Sarah Obama. Barack Obama has called his wife Michelle Obama \"the most quintessentially American woman I know.\" Her family is of African-American heritage, descendants of Africans and Europeans of the colonial era and antebellum eras. Michelle Obama's family history traces from colonists and slavery in the South to Reconstruction to the Great Migration to northern cities, in","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12772947","text":"Obama shed more light on the controversy in a 2007 interview with the \"Chicago Tribune\". In the interview, Obama's paternal step-grandmother stated that six months after Barack Obama Sr. and Ann Dunham were married, she received a letter at her home in Kenya announcing the birth of Barack Obama II, who was born August 4, 1961. In a June 2012 interview at her Kenyan home, Sarah Obama was asked: \"Some people want to believe that the president was born in Kenya. Have these people ever bothered you or asked for his birth certificate?\" Her response was: \"But Barack Obama wasn't","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"11706776","text":"of an education foundation that she heads, as a part of Women’s Entrepreneurship Day. Sarah Onyango Obama Sarah Onyango Obama (born 1921-1922) is a Kenyan educator and philanthropist. She is the third wife of the paternal grandfather of U.S. president Barack Obama. She is known for short as Sarah Obama; she is sometimes referred to as Sarah Ogwel, Sarah Hussein Obama, or Sarah Anyango Obama. She lives in Nyang'oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria. Although she is not a blood relation, Barack Obama calls her \"Granny Sarah\". Sarah,","title":"Sarah Onyango Obama"},{"psg_id":"14798744","text":"had the producers not aimed for a deadline set by President Obama's June visit, which was cancelled at the last minute.\" Dan Abramson of \"Huffington Post\" compared the film's trailer to \"The Karate Kid\" films. \"The Week\" wrote that \"Little Obama\" \"promises to shed new light on the young \"Barry\" Obama.\" Hasan Faruq Ali, a 14-year-old American, plays the role of young Barry Obama. Ali was born in Questa, New Mexico, to musicians Shakur Ali and Naseem Nahid, both members of a Sufi Muslim band. South African-born actress Cara Lachelle portrays Obama's mother Ann Dunham, while Indonesian actor Eko Noah","title":"Obama Anak Menteng"},{"psg_id":"12045024","text":"daughter and at least four sons in addition to Barack II. Aunt of U.S. President Barack Obama and younger sister of his father, born to Hussein Onyango and second wife Habiba Akumu Obama. She is the sole surviving full sibling of Barack Obama Sr. Sarah Onyango Obama was the third wife of Obama's paternal grandfather. She is known for short as Sarah Obama; she is sometimes referred to as Sarah Ogwel, Sarah Hussein Obama, or Sarah Anyango Obama. She lives in Nyang'oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria. (She","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"9631901","text":"and Utah. His campaign claimed to have won more delegates. On February 9, Obama won the Louisiana primary, as well as caucuses in Nebraska and Washington State. He garnered 57 percent of the available delegates in Louisiana and 68 percent in both Nebraska and Washington. On the same day, he won caucuses in Virgin Islands with 92 percent of the popular vote. The next day, Obama took the Maine caucuses amid what one senior Maine Democratic official called an \"incredible\" turnout. The \"Potomac primary\" took place on February 12. It included the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia. There were","title":"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign"},{"psg_id":"5509557","text":"been invited to speak at events with Democrats such as Barbara Boxer, Mary Jo Kilroy and Joe Sestak. She toured seven states in two weeks within October 2010. Though viewed as essential by the White House, aides reported that she would not become deeply involved with political discussions nor engage Republicans in public disputes. After the elections took place, only six of the thirteen Democratic candidates Obama had campaigned for won. The \"Los Angeles Times\" concluded that while Obama was indeed more popular than her husband, her \"election scorecard proved no better than his, particularly in her home state.\" Obama","title":"Michelle Obama"},{"psg_id":"2826850","text":"25, 2011, Obama became the first President of the United States to address both houses of the UK Parliament in Westminster Hall, London. This was only the fifth occurrence since the start of the 20th century of a head of state being extended this invitation, following Charles de Gaulle in 1960, Nelson Mandela in 1996, Queen Elizabeth II in 2002 and Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. On October 9, 2009, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that Obama had won the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize \"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\". Obama accepted this award","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"2826778","text":"2007, Obama and Senator Feingold introduced a corporate jet provision to the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, which was signed into law in September 2007. Obama also introduced two unsuccessful bills: the Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act to criminalize deceptive practices in federal elections, and the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007. Later in 2007, Obama sponsored an amendment to the Defense Authorization Act to add safeguards for personality-disorder military discharges. This amendment passed the full Senate in the spring of 2008. He sponsored the Iran Sanctions Enabling Act supporting divestment of state pension funds from Iran's","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12649017","text":"believed that Obama was born outside of the country. Many also claimed that Obama practiced Islam, and a 2015 CNN poll found that 29% of Americans and 43% of Republicans believed Obama to be a Muslim. Even prior to his election as president, Obama had clarified that he was a long-time member of a church affiliated with the United Church of Christ, a mainline Protestant denomination. In a January 2010 survey by the Siena Research Institute at Siena College in Loudonville, New York—one year into the Obama presidency—238 U.S. history and political science professors ranked Obama 15th of 43 U.S.","title":"Presidency of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"14798745","text":"portrays stepfather Lolo Soetoro. Dematra interviewed 30 people prior to writing the novel, \"Obama Anak Menteng\" (literally \"Obama, the Menteng Kid\") , which he completed in just four days after one month of research. The novel was published in March 2010 by Gramedia, and had its official launch at Obama's former school, State Elementary School Menteng 01, on March 15, 2010. The novel received some criticism for its portrayal of Obama reciting the Qur'an and praying towards Mecca. When interviewed, director Dematra emphasized that while the scenes are true, the story is not about Obama praying, and he had not","title":"Obama Anak Menteng"},{"psg_id":"9631952","text":"as Canada's ambassador to Washington while the leaks were investigated. Wilson publicly acknowledged that he spoke to CTV reporter Tom Clark, who first reported the leaks before the story aired, but refused to discuss what was said. There were three separate incidents involving Barack Obama's State Department passport file in 2008. Although these occurred over a three-month span, Obama was notified only on March 20, as upper levels of the State Department themselves first became aware of the breaches. On March 21, 2008, the United States Department of State revealed that Obama's passport file was improperly accessed three times in","title":"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign"},{"psg_id":"12772996","text":"demographic groups to doubt that Obama was born in the United States. 58% of Republicans either believed that Obama was not born in the U.S. (28%) or were not sure (30%), with 42% believing that he was. An overwhelming majority of Democrats (93%) and independents (83%) believed that he was born in the U.S. Support for the belief that Obama was born outside the U.S. was strongest in the South, where only 47% of those polled believed he was born in the U.S., compared with an average of 90% of residents of the Northeast, Midwest and West. A marked racial","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"19235826","text":"following the expiration of his contract. However, the transfer was later cancelled and he signed a new four-year contract with Zamalek. Zamalek Youssef Obama Youssef Ibrahim (; born 26 May 1994), nicknamed Youssef Obama (), is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays for Zamalek as an attacking midfielder. A product of the Zamalek youth system, he made his debut for the club in the Egyptian Premier League in 2014. He was sent out on loan twice between 2015 and 2016, with Al Ittihad and Wadi Degla, before returning to Zamalek. Obama began his career with Zamalek, being promoted from the","title":"Youssef Obama"},{"psg_id":"16107274","text":"day. Perry County, Alabama, has celebrated the second Monday of November as Barack Obama Day since 2009. County offices and schools are closed for the holiday. In 2017, Illinois State Representatives André Thapedi and Sonya Harper introduced a bill to designate Barack Obama Day as a state holiday. The original measure would have closed schools and state offices for the day. It was rejected by the House in March 2017, citing expense and the lack of a holiday for other presidents from Illinois, such as Ronald Reagan. That same year, State Senator Emil Jones III and others introduced Illinois Senate","title":"Barack Obama Day"},{"psg_id":"12199600","text":"Auma Obama Rita Auma Obama, is a community activist, sociologist, journalist and author in Kenya, who serves as the Executive Chairperson, of Sauti Kuu Foundation, a non-profit organisation that helps orphans and other young people struggling with poverty, in that East African country. Auma (born c. 1960), is the daughter of Barack Obama Sr. and his first wife, Kezia (née Kezia Aoko). She is the older half-sister of the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama. After attending local elementary and secondary schools, she secured a scholarship to attend university in Germany. She studied German at Heidelberg University from","title":"Auma Obama"},{"psg_id":"5509528","text":"national political scene; she was considered the least famous of the candidates' spouses. Early in the campaign, she told anecdotes about Obama family life; however, as the press began to emphasize her sarcasm, she toned it down. \"New York Times\" op-ed columnist Maureen Dowd wrote: On the first night of the 2008 Democratic National Convention, Craig Robinson introduced his younger sister. She delivered her speech, during which she sought to portray herself and her family as the embodiment of the American Dream. Obama said she and her husband believe \"that you work hard for what you want in life, that","title":"Michelle Obama"},{"psg_id":"5509524","text":"some new decorating ideas. Obama opposed her husband's run for the congressional seat, and, after his defeat, she preferred he tend to the financial needs of the family in what she deemed a more practical way. At first, Obama had reservations about her husband's presidential campaign, due to fears about a possible negative effect on their daughters. She says that she negotiated an agreement in which her husband was to quit smoking in exchange for her support of his decision to run. About her role in her husband's presidential campaign she has said: \"My job is not a senior adviser\".","title":"Michelle Obama"},{"psg_id":"2826837","text":"but repeatedly promised that the U.S. would not deploy ground troops in Syria. Starting with information received from Central Intelligence Agency operatives in July 2010, the CIA developed intelligence over the next several months that determined what they believed to be the hideout of Osama bin Laden. He was living in seclusion in a large compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, a suburban area from Islamabad. CIA head Leon Panetta reported this intelligence to President Obama in March 2011. Meeting with his national security advisers over the course of the next six weeks, Obama rejected a plan to bomb the compound, and","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"7167123","text":"I Was Born, But... I Was Born, But... ( \"Otona no miru ehon - Umarete wa mita keredo\" \"An Adult's Picture Book View — I Was Born, But...\") is a 1932 black-and-white Japanese silent film directed by Yasujirō Ozu. It became the first of six Ozu films to win the Kinema Junpo Award for Best Film of the Year. Ozu later loosely remade the film as \"Good Morning\" (1959). The film's story centers on two young brothers whose faith in their father, an office worker, is shaken by what they perceive as his kowtowing to the boss. The Yoshi family","title":"I Was Born, But..."},{"psg_id":"10526308","text":"song constantly questioning \"what was I thinkin'\", being mesmerized by Becky into committing all manner of foolish activities. The night begins with Becky and the narrator sneaking out of her father's house but her father catches them leaving the property and shoots the tailgate of the truck on their way out with his shotgun. Shortly after they are caught in a police chase where the narrator drives his truck through a cornfield to escape, much to Becky's delight. Later into the night he encounters a large man with a \"Born to Kill\" tattoo whom he starts a fight with after","title":"What Was I Thinkin'"},{"psg_id":"2826816","text":"them to pay for insurance that covered certain contraceptives. In June 2015, the Court ruled 6–3 in \"King v. Burwell\" that subsidies to help individuals and families purchase health insurance were authorized for those doing so on both the federal exchange and state exchanges, not only those purchasing plans \"established by the State\", as the statute reads. Prior to June 2014, Obama offered substantial support for a broadly-based \"All of the above\" approach to domestic energy policy, which Obama has maintained since his first term and which he last confirmed at his State of the Union speech in January 2014","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"20334875","text":"Federico Obama \"This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Obama and the second or maternal family name is Ondo.\" Federico Ondo Obama Ondo (born 4 February 2000), also known as Fede, is an Equatoguinean professional footballer who plays as a fullback for Atlético Madrid Juvenil A, in the youth academy of Atlético Madrid. Fede moved to Spain at a young age from Equatorial Guinea, and raised in Torrejón. Fede joined the youth academy of Atlético Madrid in 2008. Fede, at the age of 17, was called up to the senior Equatorial Guinea national football","title":"Federico Obama"},{"psg_id":"11795059","text":"congressman Abner Mikva suggesting that Mikva recommend Obama to Emil Jones, Jr., the powerful Democratic leader of the state Senate. \"Say, our friend Barack Obama has a chance to push this campaign finance bill through,\" Simon said in a telephone conversation, as recounted by Mikva in a 2008 interview, \"Why don’t you call your friend Emil Jones and tell him how good he is.\" With Jones' support, Obama helped shepherd through a sweeping law that banned most gifts from lobbyists and personal use of campaign funds by state legislators. During his first years as a state senator, Obama was a","title":"Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12648097","text":"nuclear weapons programs. To prevent a collapse in the process, Bush agreed to remove North Korea from the State Department's list of State Sponsors of Terrorism, which Obama supported. Obama has criticized Bush for taking so long to engage with North Korea, and has indicated that he would be eager to engage in a more proactive diplomatic effort to reach an agreement. A senior North Korean official recently told reporters that \"we are ready to deal\" with the incoming Obama administration. Obama also deliberated on how to deal with Iran. Outgoing Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice had assembled a coalition","title":"Presidential transition of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16566917","text":"wanted to spend time with the friends, Marceline gets embarrassed and chases Finn, Jake, BMO and Bubblegum from the Door Lord's abode. \"What Was Missing\" was written and storyboarded by Rebecca Sugar and Adam Muto from a story developed by Mark Banker, Patrick McHale, Osborne, and series creator Pendleton Ward. The episode was directed by Larry Leichliter, with Cole Sanchez serving as creative director and Nick Jennings serving as art director. The original title for the episode was \"Door Jam\", but this was later changed because, according to Muto, the show tries to avoid pun-based titles. \"What Was Missing\" was","title":"What Was Missing"},{"psg_id":"12292413","text":"on Obama\". According to \"Slate\", \"neither Corsi nor Matalin responded to e-mails from me asking whether they intended to correct \"any\" errors in \"The Obama Nation\" – it would be a miracle if there were \"none\"\" [emphasis in original]. The book also contains what \"The Washington Post\" describes as \"potentially offensive passages\" about Barack Obama's personal and family life, such as one stating that Obama is less identified with his American roots than his \"African blood\". Corsi also writes: \"Obama's mother chose another Third World prospect for her second husband, a second man of color, to be her mate\", noted","title":"The Obama Nation"},{"psg_id":"12772944","text":"laws. Sociologist Matthew W. Hughey has cited many of the claims as evidence of racial \"othering\" of Obama against the conflation of the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) subject as the ideal and authentic American citizen. Some opponents of Obama's presidential eligibility claim that he was born in Kenya and was therefore not born a United States citizen. Whether Obama having been born outside the U.S. would have invalidated his U.S. citizenship at birth is debated. Political commentator Andrew Malcolm, of the \"Los Angeles Times\", wrote that Obama would still be eligible for the presidency, regardless of where he was born,","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"12649010","text":"control of the Senate gave the party the power to block Obama's executive and judicial nominees. The Republican waves in 2010 and 2014 defeated many young Democratic candidates, weakening the farm team of several state Democratic parties. The 2016 elections took place on November 8. Obama was term-limited in 2016 due to the 22nd Amendment, though Obama's approval ratings may have impacted his party's ability to win the race. In June 2016, with the Democratic primaries nearly complete, Obama endorsed former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton as his successor. However, according to Glenn Thrush of Politico, Obama had long supported","title":"Presidency of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"15491659","text":"to prevent the inauguration of Barack Obama on the grounds that Obama was not a natural born citizen based on allegations that Obama was born in Kenya. District Judge Gregory F. Van Tatenhove dismissed the suit because of a lack of subject matter jurisdiction, stating that Mr. Essek's grievance was the generalized grievance of a voter, not a specific injury that would have granted him standing to sue. On January 20, 2009, Attorney Mario Apuzzo filed a lawsuit in federal court, on behalf of Charles Kerchner and other plaintiffs, suing President-Elect Barack Obama, the United States Congress, Dick Cheney, and","title":"Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation"},{"psg_id":"19256175","text":"private part of the deep state. However, Marc Ambinder has suggested that a myth about the \"deep state\" is that it functions as one entity; in reality, he states, \"the deep state contains multitudes, and they are often at odds with one another.\" Tufts University professor Michael J. Glennon claimed that President Barack Obama did not succeed in resisting and/or changing what he calls the \"double government\"; the defense and national security network. Mike Lofgren felt Obama was pushed into the Afghanistan \"surge\" in 2009. Another major campaign promise Obama made was the closure of Guantanamo Bay Prison Camp, which","title":"Deep state in the United States"},{"psg_id":"16566926","text":"been able to officially make clear the relationship in the series itself. The episode was first physically released as part of the 2013 \"Fionna & Cake\" DVD, which included 16 episodes from the series' second, third, and fourth seasons. It was later re-released as part of the complete third season DVD in February 2014. In addition, the 2015 limited edition 12\" vinyl record release \"Marceline the Vampire Queen Rock the Nightosphere\" included \"I'm Just Your Problem\" alongside other songs sung by Marceline. What Was Missing \"What Was Missing\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated","title":"What Was Missing"},{"psg_id":"10840914","text":"the austere self-sufficiency of the period, which appeals to Hilary. The sinking of England's eastern coastline is also often mentioned. The sunken city and Roman fort are the focus of a sailing expedition in the earlier part of the book. Later in the same year, Finn's shack becomes flooded. In the closing chapter, set in the mid-21st century, the old man's boat passes over the school, now completely consumed by the rising sea. What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa","title":"What I Was"},{"psg_id":"12648955","text":"\"racial venom\" directed at Obama's presidency. In July 2009, prominent African-American Harvard professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr., was arrested at his Cambridge, Massachusetts home by a local police officer, sparking a controversy after Obama stated that the police acted \"stupidly\" in handling the incident. To reduce tensions, Obama invited Gates and the police officer to the White House in what became known as the \"Beer Summit\". Several other incidents during Obama's presidency sparked outrage in the African-American community and/or the law enforcement community, and Obama sought to build trust between law enforcement officials and civil rights activists. The acquittal of","title":"Presidency of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045017","text":"document, based on a 1928 ordinance, recording his grandfather as 35 years old. The date of the document was estimated to be about 1930, which would mean that his grandfather had been born around 1895.) The Luo are given names related to the circumstances of their birth, and \"Onyango\" means \"born in the early morning.\"Onyango was the fifth son of his mother, Nyaoke, who was the first of the five wives of his father, Obama. Barack Obama relates how his step-grandmother Granny Sarah (Sarah Onyango Obama) describes his grandfather: \"Even from the time that he was a boy, your grandfather","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16892993","text":"address. Stewart lauded that Obama for emerging \"as a leader who has stopped splitting differences and is prepared to make choices and fight for them.\" According to Stewart both Obama's supporters and opponents have a clearer idea what Obama will do in his second term. Former CNN producer and correspondent Frida Ghitis complained that Obama devoted nearly all his inaugural speech to domestic issues and said that international disengagement isn't an option for American. According to Ghitis the aspirations Obama \"expressed for America are the ones he should express for our tumultuous planet.\" She expressed her hopes that Obama \"can","title":"Second inauguration of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16566912","text":"What Was Missing \"What Was Missing\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\". The episode was written and storyboarded by Adam Muto and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Mark Banker, Kent Osborne, Patrick McHale, and series creator Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on September 26, 2011. The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In","title":"What Was Missing"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772930\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Barry\\\" rather than \\\"Barack\\\"; and that Barack Obama Sr. was not his biological father, as well as the rumor that Barack Obama was not a natural-born citizen. In August 2008, Philip J. Berg, a former member of the Democratic State Committee of Pennsylvania, brought an unsuccessful lawsuit against Obama, which alleged \\\"that Obama was born in Mombasa, Kenya.\\\" In October 2008, an NPR article referred to \\\"Kenyan-born Sen. Barack Obama.\\\" Also that month, anonymous e-mails circulated claiming that the Associated Press (AP) had reported Obama was \\\"Kenyan-Born\\\". The claims were based on an AP story that had appeared five years\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14066893\",\n \"text\": \"responded to the question as to when life begins, \\\"Whether you're looking at it from a theological perspective or a scientific perspective, answering that question with specificity is above my pay grade.\\\" In the Illinois state legislature, Obama opposed the Induced Infant Liability Act and repeatedly voted against requirements and restrictions intended to stop what opponents label as \\\"born alive\\\" abortions. Obama said that his opposition was because of technical language he felt might have \\\"interfered with a woman's right to choose\\\" and said Illinois law \\\"already required medical care in such situations.\\\" Obama voted against a bill that would\",\n \"title\": \"Social policy of the Barack Obama administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5509513\",\n \"text\": \"Obama has said that the two had an \\\"opposites attract\\\" scenario in their initial interest in each other, since Michelle had stability from her two-parent home while he was \\\"adventurous\\\". They married on October 3, 1992. After suffering a miscarriage, Michelle underwent in vitro fertilisation to conceive their daughters Malia Ann (born 1998) and Natasha (known as Sasha, born 2001). The Obama family lived on Chicago's South Side, where Barack taught at the University of Chicago Law School. He was elected to the state senate in 1996, and to the US Senate in 2004. They chose to keep their residence\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9631882\",\n \"text\": \"after the Iowa caucuses, targeting undecided and independent voters in the state. The day before the election, polls conducted by CNN/WMUR, Rasmussen Reports and USA Today/Gallup showed Obama jumping ahead by 9, 10, and 13 points respectively. Despite the apparent surge of momentum, Clinton defeated Obama by a margin of 39.1 percent to 36.5 percent in the New Hampshire primary on January 8, 2008. Obama told supporters that he was \\\"still fired up and ready to go\\\", echoing a theme of his campaign. In what has been called the \\\"Yes We Can\\\" speech, Obama acknowledged that he faced a fight\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12223544\",\n \"text\": \"News & World Report\\\" article \\\"A shining star named Obama. How a most unlikely politician became a darling of the Democrats\\\" reported that \\\"what was once a long-shot campaign by an obscure state senator with a funny name ... ha[d] come to resemble a runaway freight train,\\\" with Obama, the lead guest on \\\"Meet the Press\\\", being asked by Tim Russert about comments in Ryan Lizza's \\\"The Atlantic\\\" article \\\"The Natural. Why is Barack Obama generating more excitement among Democrats than John Kerry?\\\" In contrast, Eli Saslow's August 2008 \\\"Washington Post\\\" article \\\"The 17 Minutes That Launched a Political Star\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772995\",\n \"text\": \"Republicans believed that Obama had been born outside the United States. As a result of the widespread publicity given to the citizenship controversy, 60% of respondents in an Ohio State University survey carried out in November 2008 had heard of the issue. However, only 10% believed the claims that Obama was not a citizen. An opinion poll carried out for Daily Kos by Research 2000 in July 2009 found that 77% of Americans believed that Obama was born in the U.S., while 11% didn't, and 12% were unsure. However, Republicans and Southerners were far more likely than other political or\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15491704\",\n \"text\": \"of two American parents can qualify as a natural-born citizen. Scheck also alleged Obama had been using a fraudulent birth certificate and Social Security Number. In a unanimous decision on May 11, the elections board dismissed the complaint, citing a lack of jurisdiction to consider allegations of the type raised by Scheveck. On September 13, 2012, a state board rejected three challenges to Obama's placement on the November ballot, finding the challenges were raising arguments that had been previously rejected and based on \\\"an incorrect legal interpretation of what constitutes a 'natural born citizen'\\\". Taitz filed a lawsuit in Indiana,\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8523529\",\n \"text\": \"members of the government had attempted to destabilize Equatorial Guinea, and he asserted that it would be necessary to \\\"change the entire government\\\". Ignacio Milam Tang was appointed to succeed Mangue on July 8. Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea (born \\\"c\\\". 1961) is a politician from Equatorial Guinea and a member of PDGE. He was Prime Minister from 2006 to 2008. He is a lawyer by profession. Mangue Obama has worked as President Teodoro Obiang Nguema's lawyer. In the government named on February 11, 2003, he was appointed as Minister of State in charge of the Civil\",\n \"title\": \"Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8523527\",\n \"text\": \"Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea (born \\\"c\\\". 1961) is a politician from Equatorial Guinea and a member of PDGE. He was Prime Minister from 2006 to 2008. He is a lawyer by profession. Mangue Obama has worked as President Teodoro Obiang Nguema's lawyer. In the government named on February 11, 2003, he was appointed as Minister of State in charge of the Civil Service and Administrative Coordination. He was Second Deputy Prime Minister in the government of Prime Minister Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó, and also previously held the labor and education portfolios. Following the resignation of Abia\",\n \"title\": \"Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14066926\",\n \"text\": \"translate our religious values into moral terms that all people can share, including those who are not believers. And that is how our democracy’s functioning, will continue to function. That’s what the founding fathers intended.\\\" In July 2008, Obama said that if elected president he would expand the delivery of social services through churches and other religious organizations, vowing to achieve what he said President Bush had fallen short on. His 2008 campaign web site contains his Faith Statement. As a state legislator in Illinois, Obama supported banning the sale or transfer of all forms of semi-automatic firearms, increasing state\",\n \"title\": \"Social policy of the Barack Obama administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16107273\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama Day Barack Obama Day refers to two days of recognition in the United States in honor of Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The State of Illinois celebrates the commemorative holiday every August 4, which is Obama's birthday, beginning in 2018. Obama was a member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004 and represented the state in the United States Senate from 2005 to 2008 before becoming president. Similar to other commemorative holidays, it is not a legal state holiday, meaning workplaces are not closed on the\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Day\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14066912\",\n \"text\": \"in response to a petition calling for the practice to be banned. As an Illinois State Senator, Obama supported Senate bill 0099 for \\\"age and developmentally appropriate\\\" sex education, which would have allowed parents to choose to withdraw their children from the classes. The bill was endorsed by the Illinois Parent Teacher Association, the Illinois State Medical Society, the Illinois Public Health Association, and the Illinois Education Association. In a debate in 2004, when questioned by Alan Keyes about what kind of sex education was \\\"age appropriate\\\" for kindergarteners, Obama said, \\\"I'll give you an example, because I have a\",\n \"title\": \"Social policy of the Barack Obama administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12648106\",\n \"text\": \"South Side Chicago home that sits on the border between the Hyde Park and Kenwood community areas. Jenna and Barbara Bush had lots of advice for Malia and Sasha Obama. The Bush twins sent the Obama daughters an open letter that was published in \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\". The outgoing Bush family did not take much with them as they left the White House. Among the items they left behind was their official state china service, a Lenox gilt-edged style with a green basket weave border, estimated to be worth $492,798. However, what they did not take with them can\",\n \"title\": \"Presidential transition of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8058516\",\n \"text\": \"with citizenship in what would become the U.S. (Andrew Jackson). Of those in the latter group, every president except two (Chester A. Arthur and Barack Obama) had two U.S.-citizen parents. Further, four additional U.S. Presidents had one or both of his U.S.-citizen parents not born on U.S. soil (James Buchanan, Woodrow Wilson, Herbert Hoover and Donald Trump). Some presidential candidates were not born in a U.S. state or lacked two U.S.-citizen parents. In addition, one U.S. vice president (Al Gore) was born in Washington, D.C., and another (Charles Curtis) was born in the Kansas Territory. This does not necessarily mean\",\n \"title\": \"Natural-born-citizen clause\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16892983\",\n \"text\": \"Virginia's Miller Center, added that Obama's second inaugural address mattered in comparison to previous second inaugural speeches \\\"because future historians will mark it as the moment that Obama explained why he is a progressive. The programs that Obama called for were characteristically liberal: reaffirming the social safety net, equal pay for women, etc. Nothing new here -- just the Obama classic. What differed this time, and what this moment was made for (to twist the president's own words) was articulating the progressive rationale for these programmatic ends. \\\"Preserving our individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action,\\\" Obama proudly told the nation.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Second inauguration of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14085725\",\n \"text\": \"would have to take a more pragmatic stance on the legal status of detainees. Meanwhile, professor of international politics Daniel Drezner suggested the Obama Doctrine was influenced by French philosopher Montesquieu, whose thinking in Drezner's words could be crudely summarised \\\"useless conflicts weaken necessary conflicts.\\\" The Obama Doctrine, in Drezner's interpretation, was to abandon foreign policies that had proven fruitless and unpopular, in order to focus on more important and pressing issues. On April 16, E.J. Dionne wrote a column for The Washington Post expressing a highly positive view of what he saw as the Obama Doctrine. The column came\",\n \"title\": \"Obama Doctrine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11413541\",\n \"text\": \"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11413536\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772988\",\n \"text\": \"I would do in the first debate is offer my birth certificate, so we can get that off the table.\\\" Previously on \\\"Good Morning America\\\", when asked about President Obama's origins, she replied, \\\"Well, that isn't for me to state. That's for the president to state.\\\" On May 12, 2012, Mike Coffman, a congressman running for re-election in the Sixth Congressional District of Colorado, addressed a Republican fund-raising event in Elbert County. Coffman stated that he did not know where President Barack Obama was born. Coffman went on to say of Obama that \\\"in his heart, he's not an American.\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5509496\",\n \"text\": \"Michelle Obama Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer, university administrator, and writer who served as the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is married to the 44th U.S. President, Barack Obama, and was the first African-American First Lady. Raised on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, Obama is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School. In her early legal career, she worked at the law firm Sidley Austin, where she met Barack Obama. She subsequently worked in non-profits and as the Associate Dean of Student Services at\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20880937\",\n \"text\": \"Nations qualification. Obama's twin brother, Federico Obama, is also a footballer for Atlético Madrid (at youth level) and a senior international for Equatorial Guinea. Salomón Obama Salomón Asumu Obama Ondo (born 4 February 2000) is an Equatoguinean professional footballer who plays as a forward for Atlético Madrid B and the Equatorial Guinea national team. Obama moved to Spain at a young age from Equatorial Guinea, and raised in Torrejón. Salómón joined the youth academy of Atlético Madrid in 2008. Obama, at the age of 18, was called up to the senior Equatorial Guinea national football team in August 2018. He\",\n \"title\": \"Salomón Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11372892\",\n \"text\": \"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11372888\",\n \"text\": \"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16107275\",\n \"text\": \"Bill 55, which designated August 4 as Barack Obama Day but did not make it an official state holiday. The bill passed both houses of the Illinois General Assembly with no votes against, and was signed into law by Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner on August 4, 2017. The bill amended the State Commemorative Dates Act to include a new section: Barack Obama Day. August 4th of each year is designated as Barack Obama Day, to be observed throughout the State as a day set apart to honor the 44th President of the United States of America who began his career\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Day\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11372889\",\n \"text\": \"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \\\"What It Was...\\\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \\\"\\\"Deacon\\\" Andy Griffith.\\\" Griffith made an appearance on \\\"The Ed Sullivan Show\\\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \\\"What It Was, Was Football\\\" was printed in \\\"Mad\\\" magazine in 1958,\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15491691\",\n \"text\": \"that the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in \\\"Minor v. Happersett\\\" required a natural-born citizen to be born in the U.S. of two U.S. citizen parents; however, the judge dismissed the suit on March 7, 2012, ruling that \\\"President Obama is a natural born citizen under the Constitution\\\" and that \\\"[c]ontrary to Plaintiff's assertion, \\\"Minor v. Happersett\\\" ... does not hold otherwise.\\\" Gary Kreep (one of the attorneys who filed \\\"Barnett v. Obama\\\") filed on the behalf of seven other Californians a lawsuit demanding that the California Secretary of State verify the eligibility of all presidential candidates before putting them on\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8058478\",\n \"text\": \"the presidential ballot, based on his own interpretation that \\\"natural born citizen\\\" required the president \\\"to have been born on United States soil \\\"and\\\" have \\\"two\\\" United States \\\"born\\\" parents\\\" (emphasis added). To this the Court responded, \\\"Article II, section 1, clause 5 does not state this. No legal authority has ever stated that the Natural Born Citizen clause means what plaintiff Strunk claims it says. ... Moreover, President Obama is the sixth U.S. President to have had one or both of his parents not born on U.S. soil\\\". The opinion then listed Andrew Jackson, James Buchanan, Chester A. Arthur,\",\n \"title\": \"Natural-born-citizen clause\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9631867\",\n \"text\": \"capture terrorists. That would happen, he added, only if \\\"the Pakistani government was unable or unwilling\\\" to go after the terrorists. As Democratic debates took place during the summer, Obama received at best mixed notices for his efforts. Democratic strategist Bob Shrum said, \\\"He slips into this tendency, which he probably learned as president of the Harvard Law Review, to overstate his premises before he states his position. In politics, you do the opposite of what you do in the Law Review—you state your position, then say your premises—if you ever get to them.\\\" Commentator Eleanor Clift said that, \\\"Obama\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19235823\",\n \"text\": \"Youssef Obama Youssef Ibrahim (; born 26 May 1994), nicknamed Youssef Obama (), is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays for Zamalek as an attacking midfielder. A product of the Zamalek youth system, he made his debut for the club in the Egyptian Premier League in 2014. He was sent out on loan twice between 2015 and 2016, with Al Ittihad and Wadi Degla, before returning to Zamalek. Obama began his career with Zamalek, being promoted from the under-23 squad to the first team in July 2014 by manager Mido. He was given the nickname Obama due to his resemblance\",\n \"title\": \"Youssef Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045016\",\n \"text\": \"born in 1640 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was one of Obama's maternal eighth great-grandfathers and is his earliest ancestor known to be born in North America. Obama's family in Kenya are members of the Luo people, the nation's second-largest ethnic group. Linguistically, Luo is one of the Nilotic languages. The Obama family is concentrated in the western Kenyan province of Nyanza. Paternal grandfather to Barack Obama, he was born Onyango Obama. (One source gives 1870–1975 as his dates of birth and death, possibly based on his tombstone in his home village. Barack Obama relates finding in 1988 a British\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10650487\",\n \"text\": \"What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \\\"What Happened Was...\\\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \\\"Siskel & Ebert\\\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \\\"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the\",\n \"title\": \"What Happened Was\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16541823\",\n \"text\": \"hashtag #AskObama, it took Obama 3111 characters to respond. The event was moderated by Twitter executive Jack Dorsey, and Obama started the session with a sample tweet to himself through @WhiteHouse that said \\\"in order to reduce the deficit, what costs would you cut and what investments would you keep – bo\\\". Dorsey said afterwards that Twitter received over 110,000 #AskObama-hashtagged tweets. Boehner was quite active with his questions from the outset. Some in the media proposed May 24, 2012, as the date when Obama became the first President to respond to questions on Twitter. On July 29, 2011, during\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama on social media\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772959\",\n \"text\": \"was a Citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies at the time Obama was born, Obama was born a dual citizen and therefore was not a natural-born citizen. In August 2008, the \\\"Rocky Mountain News\\\" ran an online article asserting that Obama is both a U.S. and a Kenyan citizen. This turned out to be incorrect according to FactCheck.org, which noted that Obama was indeed born a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC) under British law, by virtue of his descent from a Kenyan father at a time when Kenya was a British colony, but lost CUKC citizenship\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5509570\",\n \"text\": \"not be running for president in 2020. Michelle has previously stated that she has no passion for politics. Michelle Obama Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer, university administrator, and writer who served as the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is married to the 44th U.S. President, Barack Obama, and was the first African-American First Lady. Raised on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, Obama is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Law School. In her early legal career, she worked at the law firm Sidley Austin, where\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20880936\",\n \"text\": \"Salomón Obama Salomón Asumu Obama Ondo (born 4 February 2000) is an Equatoguinean professional footballer who plays as a forward for Atlético Madrid B and the Equatorial Guinea national team. Obama moved to Spain at a young age from Equatorial Guinea, and raised in Torrejón. Salómón joined the youth academy of Atlético Madrid in 2008. Obama, at the age of 18, was called up to the senior Equatorial Guinea national football team in August 2018. He previously played for the Spanish under-17 team. He made his national team debut as a substitute against Sudan in the 2019 Africa Cup of\",\n \"title\": \"Salomón Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13944486\",\n \"text\": \"Presidents Obama and Medvedev agreed that the Commission would have thirteen working groups. In October 2009, during the visit to Moscow of Secretary of State Clinton, three additional working groups were added; on Counterterrorism, Environment, and Military to Military. In addition, Sports was added as a sub-group of the Working Group on Education and Cultural Exchanges, and a Policy Steering Group was created, headed by Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov and U.S. Undersecretary of State William Burns. The working groups are: Obama–Medvedev Commission The Obama–Medvedev Commission, officially known as the U.S.–Russia Bilateral Presidential Commission, was announced on July 6,\",\n \"title\": \"Obama–Medvedev Commission\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16107276\",\n \"text\": \"serving the People of Illinois in both the Illinois State Senate and the United States Senate, and dedicated his life to protecting the rights of Americans and building bridges across communities. Since the United States presidential election of 2008, Obama Day is celebrated annually on November 6 in Kenya, the country from which President Obama's father originated. Barack Obama Day Barack Obama Day refers to two days of recognition in the United States in honor of Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The State of Illinois celebrates the commemorative holiday\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Day\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826819\",\n \"text\": \"Firearms and Explosives for the first time since 2006. On January 5, 2016, Obama announced new executive actions extending background check requirements to more gun sellers. In a 2016 editorial in the \\\"New York Times\\\", Obama compared the struggle for what he termed \\\"common-sense gun reform\\\" to women's suffrage and other civil rights movements in American history. Obama called the November 2, 2010 election, where the Democratic Party lost 63 seats in, and control of, the House of Representatives, \\\"humbling\\\" and a \\\"shellacking\\\". He said that the results came because not enough Americans had felt the effects of the economic\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12223535\",\n \"text\": \"a column entitled \\\"What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me\\\". Addressing the issue of whether he was \\\"black enough,\\\" Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that the debate was not about his physical appearance or his record on issues of concern to black voters. Obama said, \\\"we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong.\\\" After a McCain advertisement accused Obama of being \\\"just a celebrity like Britney Spears or Paris Hilton,\\\" Obama asserted that McCain and other Republicans would try to scare voters\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11706774\",\n \"text\": \"Sarah Onyango Obama Sarah Onyango Obama (born 1921-1922) is a Kenyan educator and philanthropist. She is the third wife of the paternal grandfather of U.S. president Barack Obama. She is known for short as Sarah Obama; she is sometimes referred to as Sarah Ogwel, Sarah Hussein Obama, or Sarah Anyango Obama. She lives in Nyang'oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria. Although she is not a blood relation, Barack Obama calls her \\\"Granny Sarah\\\". Sarah, who speaks Luo and only a few words of English, communicates with President Obama\",\n \"title\": \"Sarah Onyango Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12649020\",\n \"text\": \"Obama left office, historians expressed various opinions about his effectiveness as president, with many noting that subsequent events would determine his ultimate legacy. There was universal agreement that Obama would long be remembered as the first African-American president. Many noted that Obama presided over an economic recovery and passed major domestic legislation, but failed to bridge a partisan divide and left office with his party in a weakened state. Presidency of Barack Obama The presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States, and\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10840910\",\n \"text\": \"What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa Children's Book Award and the Carnegie Medal. \\\"What I Was\\\" tells the story of a secret friendship between two teenagers, one an unhappy public schoolboy and the other living an independent and isolated life on the beach near the school. It is set on the East Anglian coast in 1962. The book is framed as the reminiscence of an old man recalling the year he discovered love. It is written as a first-person\",\n \"title\": \"What I Was\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12985007\",\n \"text\": \"Press that the Obama Girl video had upset his daughters and said, \\\"You do wish people would think about what impact their actions have on kids and families.\\\" Obama's campaign stated they had nothing to do with the video's creation. Kauffman and Ettinger confirmed this during their June 15, 2007 appearance on \\\"Fox & Friends\\\", where they said that the video was not made to support Barack Obama in his campaign but rather for fun. They also expressed interest in making more videos of the same genre for other candidates of other parties as well. Crush on Obama \\\"Crush on\",\n \"title\": \"Crush on Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18660880\",\n \"text\": \"how we choose to tell stories.\\\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18660879\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11413537\",\n \"text\": \"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is set in the city\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19421270\",\n \"text\": \"Award. What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \\\"What Was Said\\\" 4 stars and stated \\\"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\\\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \\\"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Said\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19421268\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \\\"What Was Said\\\" 4 stars and stated \\\"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\\\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \\\"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to collaboration\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Said\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045045\",\n \"text\": \"complications caused by cancer and respiratory problems. Half-uncle of Barack Obama, born c. 1950s in Nyang'oma Kogelo; son of Onyango and his third wife Sarah Obama. Half-uncle of Barack Obama, born c. 1950s in Nyang'oma Kogelo; son of Onyango and his third wife Sarah Obama. Barack Obama has called his wife Michelle Obama \\\"the most quintessentially American woman I know.\\\" Her family is of African-American heritage, descendants of Africans and Europeans of the colonial era and antebellum eras. Michelle Obama's family history traces from colonists and slavery in the South to Reconstruction to the Great Migration to northern cities, in\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772947\",\n \"text\": \"Obama shed more light on the controversy in a 2007 interview with the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\". In the interview, Obama's paternal step-grandmother stated that six months after Barack Obama Sr. and Ann Dunham were married, she received a letter at her home in Kenya announcing the birth of Barack Obama II, who was born August 4, 1961. In a June 2012 interview at her Kenyan home, Sarah Obama was asked: \\\"Some people want to believe that the president was born in Kenya. Have these people ever bothered you or asked for his birth certificate?\\\" Her response was: \\\"But Barack Obama wasn't\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11706776\",\n \"text\": \"of an education foundation that she heads, as a part of Women’s Entrepreneurship Day. Sarah Onyango Obama Sarah Onyango Obama (born 1921-1922) is a Kenyan educator and philanthropist. She is the third wife of the paternal grandfather of U.S. president Barack Obama. She is known for short as Sarah Obama; she is sometimes referred to as Sarah Ogwel, Sarah Hussein Obama, or Sarah Anyango Obama. She lives in Nyang'oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria. Although she is not a blood relation, Barack Obama calls her \\\"Granny Sarah\\\". Sarah,\",\n \"title\": \"Sarah Onyango Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14798744\",\n \"text\": \"had the producers not aimed for a deadline set by President Obama's June visit, which was cancelled at the last minute.\\\" Dan Abramson of \\\"Huffington Post\\\" compared the film's trailer to \\\"The Karate Kid\\\" films. \\\"The Week\\\" wrote that \\\"Little Obama\\\" \\\"promises to shed new light on the young \\\"Barry\\\" Obama.\\\" Hasan Faruq Ali, a 14-year-old American, plays the role of young Barry Obama. Ali was born in Questa, New Mexico, to musicians Shakur Ali and Naseem Nahid, both members of a Sufi Muslim band. South African-born actress Cara Lachelle portrays Obama's mother Ann Dunham, while Indonesian actor Eko Noah\",\n \"title\": \"Obama Anak Menteng\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045024\",\n \"text\": \"daughter and at least four sons in addition to Barack II. Aunt of U.S. President Barack Obama and younger sister of his father, born to Hussein Onyango and second wife Habiba Akumu Obama. She is the sole surviving full sibling of Barack Obama Sr. Sarah Onyango Obama was the third wife of Obama's paternal grandfather. She is known for short as Sarah Obama; she is sometimes referred to as Sarah Ogwel, Sarah Hussein Obama, or Sarah Anyango Obama. She lives in Nyang'oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria. (She\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9631901\",\n \"text\": \"and Utah. His campaign claimed to have won more delegates. On February 9, Obama won the Louisiana primary, as well as caucuses in Nebraska and Washington State. He garnered 57 percent of the available delegates in Louisiana and 68 percent in both Nebraska and Washington. On the same day, he won caucuses in Virgin Islands with 92 percent of the popular vote. The next day, Obama took the Maine caucuses amid what one senior Maine Democratic official called an \\\"incredible\\\" turnout. The \\\"Potomac primary\\\" took place on February 12. It included the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia. There were\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5509557\",\n \"text\": \"been invited to speak at events with Democrats such as Barbara Boxer, Mary Jo Kilroy and Joe Sestak. She toured seven states in two weeks within October 2010. Though viewed as essential by the White House, aides reported that she would not become deeply involved with political discussions nor engage Republicans in public disputes. After the elections took place, only six of the thirteen Democratic candidates Obama had campaigned for won. The \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" concluded that while Obama was indeed more popular than her husband, her \\\"election scorecard proved no better than his, particularly in her home state.\\\" Obama\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826850\",\n \"text\": \"25, 2011, Obama became the first President of the United States to address both houses of the UK Parliament in Westminster Hall, London. This was only the fifth occurrence since the start of the 20th century of a head of state being extended this invitation, following Charles de Gaulle in 1960, Nelson Mandela in 1996, Queen Elizabeth II in 2002 and Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. On October 9, 2009, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that Obama had won the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize \\\"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples\\\". Obama accepted this award\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826778\",\n \"text\": \"2007, Obama and Senator Feingold introduced a corporate jet provision to the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, which was signed into law in September 2007. Obama also introduced two unsuccessful bills: the Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act to criminalize deceptive practices in federal elections, and the Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007. Later in 2007, Obama sponsored an amendment to the Defense Authorization Act to add safeguards for personality-disorder military discharges. This amendment passed the full Senate in the spring of 2008. He sponsored the Iran Sanctions Enabling Act supporting divestment of state pension funds from Iran's\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12649017\",\n \"text\": \"believed that Obama was born outside of the country. Many also claimed that Obama practiced Islam, and a 2015 CNN poll found that 29% of Americans and 43% of Republicans believed Obama to be a Muslim. Even prior to his election as president, Obama had clarified that he was a long-time member of a church affiliated with the United Church of Christ, a mainline Protestant denomination. In a January 2010 survey by the Siena Research Institute at Siena College in Loudonville, New York—one year into the Obama presidency—238 U.S. history and political science professors ranked Obama 15th of 43 U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14798745\",\n \"text\": \"portrays stepfather Lolo Soetoro. Dematra interviewed 30 people prior to writing the novel, \\\"Obama Anak Menteng\\\" (literally \\\"Obama, the Menteng Kid\\\") , which he completed in just four days after one month of research. The novel was published in March 2010 by Gramedia, and had its official launch at Obama's former school, State Elementary School Menteng 01, on March 15, 2010. The novel received some criticism for its portrayal of Obama reciting the Qur'an and praying towards Mecca. When interviewed, director Dematra emphasized that while the scenes are true, the story is not about Obama praying, and he had not\",\n \"title\": \"Obama Anak Menteng\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9631952\",\n \"text\": \"as Canada's ambassador to Washington while the leaks were investigated. Wilson publicly acknowledged that he spoke to CTV reporter Tom Clark, who first reported the leaks before the story aired, but refused to discuss what was said. There were three separate incidents involving Barack Obama's State Department passport file in 2008. Although these occurred over a three-month span, Obama was notified only on March 20, as upper levels of the State Department themselves first became aware of the breaches. On March 21, 2008, the United States Department of State revealed that Obama's passport file was improperly accessed three times in\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772996\",\n \"text\": \"demographic groups to doubt that Obama was born in the United States. 58% of Republicans either believed that Obama was not born in the U.S. (28%) or were not sure (30%), with 42% believing that he was. An overwhelming majority of Democrats (93%) and independents (83%) believed that he was born in the U.S. Support for the belief that Obama was born outside the U.S. was strongest in the South, where only 47% of those polled believed he was born in the U.S., compared with an average of 90% of residents of the Northeast, Midwest and West. A marked racial\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19235826\",\n \"text\": \"following the expiration of his contract. However, the transfer was later cancelled and he signed a new four-year contract with Zamalek. Zamalek Youssef Obama Youssef Ibrahim (; born 26 May 1994), nicknamed Youssef Obama (), is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays for Zamalek as an attacking midfielder. A product of the Zamalek youth system, he made his debut for the club in the Egyptian Premier League in 2014. He was sent out on loan twice between 2015 and 2016, with Al Ittihad and Wadi Degla, before returning to Zamalek. Obama began his career with Zamalek, being promoted from the\",\n \"title\": \"Youssef Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16107274\",\n \"text\": \"day. Perry County, Alabama, has celebrated the second Monday of November as Barack Obama Day since 2009. County offices and schools are closed for the holiday. In 2017, Illinois State Representatives André Thapedi and Sonya Harper introduced a bill to designate Barack Obama Day as a state holiday. The original measure would have closed schools and state offices for the day. It was rejected by the House in March 2017, citing expense and the lack of a holiday for other presidents from Illinois, such as Ronald Reagan. That same year, State Senator Emil Jones III and others introduced Illinois Senate\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Day\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12199600\",\n \"text\": \"Auma Obama Rita Auma Obama, is a community activist, sociologist, journalist and author in Kenya, who serves as the Executive Chairperson, of Sauti Kuu Foundation, a non-profit organisation that helps orphans and other young people struggling with poverty, in that East African country. Auma (born c. 1960), is the daughter of Barack Obama Sr. and his first wife, Kezia (née Kezia Aoko). She is the older half-sister of the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama. After attending local elementary and secondary schools, she secured a scholarship to attend university in Germany. She studied German at Heidelberg University from\",\n \"title\": \"Auma Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5509528\",\n \"text\": \"national political scene; she was considered the least famous of the candidates' spouses. Early in the campaign, she told anecdotes about Obama family life; however, as the press began to emphasize her sarcasm, she toned it down. \\\"New York Times\\\" op-ed columnist Maureen Dowd wrote: On the first night of the 2008 Democratic National Convention, Craig Robinson introduced his younger sister. She delivered her speech, during which she sought to portray herself and her family as the embodiment of the American Dream. Obama said she and her husband believe \\\"that you work hard for what you want in life, that\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5509524\",\n \"text\": \"some new decorating ideas. Obama opposed her husband's run for the congressional seat, and, after his defeat, she preferred he tend to the financial needs of the family in what she deemed a more practical way. At first, Obama had reservations about her husband's presidential campaign, due to fears about a possible negative effect on their daughters. She says that she negotiated an agreement in which her husband was to quit smoking in exchange for her support of his decision to run. About her role in her husband's presidential campaign she has said: \\\"My job is not a senior adviser\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826837\",\n \"text\": \"but repeatedly promised that the U.S. would not deploy ground troops in Syria. Starting with information received from Central Intelligence Agency operatives in July 2010, the CIA developed intelligence over the next several months that determined what they believed to be the hideout of Osama bin Laden. He was living in seclusion in a large compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, a suburban area from Islamabad. CIA head Leon Panetta reported this intelligence to President Obama in March 2011. Meeting with his national security advisers over the course of the next six weeks, Obama rejected a plan to bomb the compound, and\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7167123\",\n \"text\": \"I Was Born, But... I Was Born, But... ( \\\"Otona no miru ehon - Umarete wa mita keredo\\\" \\\"An Adult's Picture Book View — I Was Born, But...\\\") is a 1932 black-and-white Japanese silent film directed by Yasujirō Ozu. It became the first of six Ozu films to win the Kinema Junpo Award for Best Film of the Year. Ozu later loosely remade the film as \\\"Good Morning\\\" (1959). The film's story centers on two young brothers whose faith in their father, an office worker, is shaken by what they perceive as his kowtowing to the boss. The Yoshi family\",\n \"title\": \"I Was Born, But...\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10526308\",\n \"text\": \"song constantly questioning \\\"what was I thinkin'\\\", being mesmerized by Becky into committing all manner of foolish activities. The night begins with Becky and the narrator sneaking out of her father's house but her father catches them leaving the property and shoots the tailgate of the truck on their way out with his shotgun. Shortly after they are caught in a police chase where the narrator drives his truck through a cornfield to escape, much to Becky's delight. Later into the night he encounters a large man with a \\\"Born to Kill\\\" tattoo whom he starts a fight with after\",\n \"title\": \"What Was I Thinkin'\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826816\",\n \"text\": \"them to pay for insurance that covered certain contraceptives. In June 2015, the Court ruled 6–3 in \\\"King v. Burwell\\\" that subsidies to help individuals and families purchase health insurance were authorized for those doing so on both the federal exchange and state exchanges, not only those purchasing plans \\\"established by the State\\\", as the statute reads. Prior to June 2014, Obama offered substantial support for a broadly-based \\\"All of the above\\\" approach to domestic energy policy, which Obama has maintained since his first term and which he last confirmed at his State of the Union speech in January 2014\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20334875\",\n \"text\": \"Federico Obama \\\"This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Obama and the second or maternal family name is Ondo.\\\" Federico Ondo Obama Ondo (born 4 February 2000), also known as Fede, is an Equatoguinean professional footballer who plays as a fullback for Atlético Madrid Juvenil A, in the youth academy of Atlético Madrid. Fede moved to Spain at a young age from Equatorial Guinea, and raised in Torrejón. Fede joined the youth academy of Atlético Madrid in 2008. Fede, at the age of 17, was called up to the senior Equatorial Guinea national football\",\n \"title\": \"Federico Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11795059\",\n \"text\": \"congressman Abner Mikva suggesting that Mikva recommend Obama to Emil Jones, Jr., the powerful Democratic leader of the state Senate. \\\"Say, our friend Barack Obama has a chance to push this campaign finance bill through,\\\" Simon said in a telephone conversation, as recounted by Mikva in a 2008 interview, \\\"Why don’t you call your friend Emil Jones and tell him how good he is.\\\" With Jones' support, Obama helped shepherd through a sweeping law that banned most gifts from lobbyists and personal use of campaign funds by state legislators. During his first years as a state senator, Obama was a\",\n \"title\": \"Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12648097\",\n \"text\": \"nuclear weapons programs. To prevent a collapse in the process, Bush agreed to remove North Korea from the State Department's list of State Sponsors of Terrorism, which Obama supported. Obama has criticized Bush for taking so long to engage with North Korea, and has indicated that he would be eager to engage in a more proactive diplomatic effort to reach an agreement. A senior North Korean official recently told reporters that \\\"we are ready to deal\\\" with the incoming Obama administration. Obama also deliberated on how to deal with Iran. Outgoing Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice had assembled a coalition\",\n \"title\": \"Presidential transition of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16566917\",\n \"text\": \"wanted to spend time with the friends, Marceline gets embarrassed and chases Finn, Jake, BMO and Bubblegum from the Door Lord's abode. \\\"What Was Missing\\\" was written and storyboarded by Rebecca Sugar and Adam Muto from a story developed by Mark Banker, Patrick McHale, Osborne, and series creator Pendleton Ward. The episode was directed by Larry Leichliter, with Cole Sanchez serving as creative director and Nick Jennings serving as art director. The original title for the episode was \\\"Door Jam\\\", but this was later changed because, according to Muto, the show tries to avoid pun-based titles. \\\"What Was Missing\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12292413\",\n \"text\": \"on Obama\\\". According to \\\"Slate\\\", \\\"neither Corsi nor Matalin responded to e-mails from me asking whether they intended to correct \\\"any\\\" errors in \\\"The Obama Nation\\\" – it would be a miracle if there were \\\"none\\\"\\\" [emphasis in original]. The book also contains what \\\"The Washington Post\\\" describes as \\\"potentially offensive passages\\\" about Barack Obama's personal and family life, such as one stating that Obama is less identified with his American roots than his \\\"African blood\\\". Corsi also writes: \\\"Obama's mother chose another Third World prospect for her second husband, a second man of color, to be her mate\\\", noted\",\n \"title\": \"The Obama Nation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772944\",\n \"text\": \"laws. Sociologist Matthew W. Hughey has cited many of the claims as evidence of racial \\\"othering\\\" of Obama against the conflation of the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) subject as the ideal and authentic American citizen. Some opponents of Obama's presidential eligibility claim that he was born in Kenya and was therefore not born a United States citizen. Whether Obama having been born outside the U.S. would have invalidated his U.S. citizenship at birth is debated. Political commentator Andrew Malcolm, of the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\", wrote that Obama would still be eligible for the presidency, regardless of where he was born,\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12649010\",\n \"text\": \"control of the Senate gave the party the power to block Obama's executive and judicial nominees. The Republican waves in 2010 and 2014 defeated many young Democratic candidates, weakening the farm team of several state Democratic parties. The 2016 elections took place on November 8. Obama was term-limited in 2016 due to the 22nd Amendment, though Obama's approval ratings may have impacted his party's ability to win the race. In June 2016, with the Democratic primaries nearly complete, Obama endorsed former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton as his successor. However, according to Glenn Thrush of Politico, Obama had long supported\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15491659\",\n \"text\": \"to prevent the inauguration of Barack Obama on the grounds that Obama was not a natural born citizen based on allegations that Obama was born in Kenya. District Judge Gregory F. Van Tatenhove dismissed the suit because of a lack of subject matter jurisdiction, stating that Mr. Essek's grievance was the generalized grievance of a voter, not a specific injury that would have granted him standing to sue. On January 20, 2009, Attorney Mario Apuzzo filed a lawsuit in federal court, on behalf of Charles Kerchner and other plaintiffs, suing President-Elect Barack Obama, the United States Congress, Dick Cheney, and\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19256175\",\n \"text\": \"private part of the deep state. However, Marc Ambinder has suggested that a myth about the \\\"deep state\\\" is that it functions as one entity; in reality, he states, \\\"the deep state contains multitudes, and they are often at odds with one another.\\\" Tufts University professor Michael J. Glennon claimed that President Barack Obama did not succeed in resisting and/or changing what he calls the \\\"double government\\\"; the defense and national security network. Mike Lofgren felt Obama was pushed into the Afghanistan \\\"surge\\\" in 2009. Another major campaign promise Obama made was the closure of Guantanamo Bay Prison Camp, which\",\n \"title\": \"Deep state in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16566926\",\n \"text\": \"been able to officially make clear the relationship in the series itself. The episode was first physically released as part of the 2013 \\\"Fionna & Cake\\\" DVD, which included 16 episodes from the series' second, third, and fourth seasons. It was later re-released as part of the complete third season DVD in February 2014. In addition, the 2015 limited edition 12\\\" vinyl record release \\\"Marceline the Vampire Queen Rock the Nightosphere\\\" included \\\"I'm Just Your Problem\\\" alongside other songs sung by Marceline. What Was Missing \\\"What Was Missing\\\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10840914\",\n \"text\": \"the austere self-sufficiency of the period, which appeals to Hilary. The sinking of England's eastern coastline is also often mentioned. The sunken city and Roman fort are the focus of a sailing expedition in the earlier part of the book. Later in the same year, Finn's shack becomes flooded. In the closing chapter, set in the mid-21st century, the old man's boat passes over the school, now completely consumed by the rising sea. What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa\",\n \"title\": \"What I Was\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12648955\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"racial venom\\\" directed at Obama's presidency. In July 2009, prominent African-American Harvard professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr., was arrested at his Cambridge, Massachusetts home by a local police officer, sparking a controversy after Obama stated that the police acted \\\"stupidly\\\" in handling the incident. To reduce tensions, Obama invited Gates and the police officer to the White House in what became known as the \\\"Beer Summit\\\". Several other incidents during Obama's presidency sparked outrage in the African-American community and/or the law enforcement community, and Obama sought to build trust between law enforcement officials and civil rights activists. The acquittal of\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045017\",\n \"text\": \"document, based on a 1928 ordinance, recording his grandfather as 35 years old. The date of the document was estimated to be about 1930, which would mean that his grandfather had been born around 1895.) The Luo are given names related to the circumstances of their birth, and \\\"Onyango\\\" means \\\"born in the early morning.\\\"Onyango was the fifth son of his mother, Nyaoke, who was the first of the five wives of his father, Obama. Barack Obama relates how his step-grandmother Granny Sarah (Sarah Onyango Obama) describes his grandfather: \\\"Even from the time that he was a boy, your grandfather\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16892993\",\n \"text\": \"address. Stewart lauded that Obama for emerging \\\"as a leader who has stopped splitting differences and is prepared to make choices and fight for them.\\\" According to Stewart both Obama's supporters and opponents have a clearer idea what Obama will do in his second term. Former CNN producer and correspondent Frida Ghitis complained that Obama devoted nearly all his inaugural speech to domestic issues and said that international disengagement isn't an option for American. According to Ghitis the aspirations Obama \\\"expressed for America are the ones he should express for our tumultuous planet.\\\" She expressed her hopes that Obama \\\"can\",\n \"title\": \"Second inauguration of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16566912\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Missing \\\"What Was Missing\\\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated television series \\\"Adventure Time\\\". The episode was written and storyboarded by Adam Muto and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Mark Banker, Kent Osborne, Patrick McHale, and series creator Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on September 26, 2011. The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["hawaii"],"string":"[\n \"hawaii\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2181,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays bella on twilight?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12570888","text":"star Kristen Stewart, who plays Bella Swan. The soundtrack won a 2009 American Music Award for Favorite Soundtrack. The CD booklet on the physical CD folds out into one of four \"Twilight\" posters. Hot Topic locations across the United States hosted exclusive \"Twilight\" soundtrack listening parties on October 24. Albums bought at Borders bookstores feature an acoustic version of Paramore's \"Decode\". Summit Entertainment provided a free remix of \"Bella's Lullaby\" through iTunes, with the purchase of a \"Twilight\" theatre ticket through online ticket services Fandango or MovieTickets.com. A digital version of the album, available for purchase on iTunes, includes a","title":"Twilight (soundtrack)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12570888\",\n \"text\": \"star Kristen Stewart, who plays Bella Swan. The soundtrack won a 2009 American Music Award for Favorite Soundtrack. The CD booklet on the physical CD folds out into one of four \\\"Twilight\\\" posters. Hot Topic locations across the United States hosted exclusive \\\"Twilight\\\" soundtrack listening parties on October 24. Albums bought at Borders bookstores feature an acoustic version of Paramore's \\\"Decode\\\". Summit Entertainment provided a free remix of \\\"Bella's Lullaby\\\" through iTunes, with the purchase of a \\\"Twilight\\\" theatre ticket through online ticket services Fandango or MovieTickets.com. A digital version of the album, available for purchase on iTunes, includes a\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (soundtrack)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9397044","text":"and discovers her worth \"by giving up her identity and throwing away nearly everything in life that matters.\" Bella Swan was often compared to Katniss Everdeen on the publication of \"The Hunger Games\". Bella Swan Isabella Marie \"Bella\" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is a character and the protagonist of the \"Twilight\" series, written by Stephenie Meyer. The \"Twilight\" series, consisting of the novels \"Twilight\", \"New Moon\", \"Eclipse\", and \"Breaking Dawn\", is primarily narrated from Bella's point of view, but partway through \"Breaking Dawn\" it is written from the point of view of Jacob Black. In the film series, Bella is","title":"Bella Swan"},{"psg_id":"9397016","text":"daughter... Isabella.\" Bella's positive reception at her new school in Forks, particularly her popularity with male characters, was modelled after Meyer's real life move from high school to college. Meyer has said that there are similarities between Bella and the title character of Charlotte Brontë's \"Jane Eyre\", a novel which she has cited as an influence on the \"Twilight\" series. Bella, who first appears in \"Twilight\", is a 17-year-old girl, who moves out from her mother's home in Phoenix, Arizona, to live with her father, Charlie Swan, a police chief, in her birthplace of Forks, Washington. There, she is enrolled","title":"Bella Swan"},{"psg_id":"10833097","text":"of Forks, Washington, where Bella and her father, Charlie Swan, live. Other cities in Washington briefly appear in the series or are mentioned, such as Port Angeles, Olympia, Seattle and La Push. Some events in \"Twilight\" take place in Phoenix, Arizona, where Bella was raised. Volterra, Italy, is featured in \"New Moon\", when Edward travels there to commit suicide and Bella rushes to save him. Jacksonville, Florida, is mentioned first in \"Twilight\" and second in \"Eclipse\", when Edward and Bella visit Bella's mother, who has moved there with her new husband. Seattle, Washington, is featured in \"Breaking Dawn\" when Jacob","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"9397024","text":"the vampire Victoria, who first encountered Bella and the Cullens during the first novel, \"Twilight\". Victoria, seeking to avenge her lover, James' death, hunts Bella while building a new vampire army. To combat this threat, a reluctant truce is struck between the Cullen family, and the shape shifting wolf pack led by Sam Uley and Jacob Black, who pits himself against Edward as a love interest for Bella. Bella considers Jacob only as a friend, but despite her engagement to Edward, she shares a kiss with him, and realizes that she loves him, too, but loves Edward more. Bella acknowledges","title":"Bella Swan"},{"psg_id":"12570891","text":"with a \"Love Theme\" for Bella and Edward's relationship, a variation of which became \"Bella's Lullaby\" that Robert Pattinson plays in the film and that is included on the \"Twilight Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\". The original theme is featured throughout the film, and serves to \"play the romance that drives the story\". Another theme Burwell composed was a \"Predator Theme\", which opens the film, and is intended to play Edward's vampire nature. Other themes include a bass-line, drum beat and distorted guitar sound for the nomadic vampires, and a melody for the Cullen family. \"Twilight: The Score\" was released digitally","title":"Twilight (soundtrack)"},{"psg_id":"9397035","text":"which she said smells like rust and salt in Twilight, though it changes after she became a vampire. Bella is also shown in Breaking Dawn, to have a good mood climate, and is able to run away from the smell of human blood when she goes on her first hunting trip as a vampire. Bella has a sarcastic sense of humor, especially when she gets mad; Bella is almost always a very soft and forgiving person who is hard to anger. She is easily scared but can be surprisingly very brave, able to block painful thoughts and memories (hence her","title":"Bella Swan"},{"psg_id":"7401834","text":"Stephenie Meyer announced a new gender-swapped version of the novel, entitled \",\" with characters Beau and Edythe, in honor of the 10th anniversary of the Twilight saga. Bella Swan is a seventeen-year-old misfit, who moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington on the Olympic Peninsula to live with her father, Charlie. Her mother, Renée is traveling with her new husband, Phil Dwyer, a minor league baseball player. Bella is admitted to Forks High School, where she befriends many of the students. A somewhat inexperienced and shy girl, Bella is dismayed by several boys competing for her attention. As Bella walks","title":"Twilight (Meyer novel)"},{"psg_id":"10833098","text":"tries to escape his love for Bella, and when Bella tries to locate a man named J. Jenks. It is also the location of a series of murders committed by newborn vampires in \"Eclipse\". In \"Breaking Dawn\", Bella and Edward spend their honeymoon on a fictional \"Isle Esme\", purportedly off the coast of Brazil. The \"Twilight\" series falls under the genre of young adult, fantasy, and romance, though Meyer categorized her first book, \"Twilight\", as \"suspense romance horror comedy\". However, she states that she considers her books as \"romance more than anything else\". The series explores the unorthodox romance between","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"7401832","text":"Twilight (Meyer novel) Twilight (stylized as twilight) is a 2005 young adult vampire-romance novel by author Stephenie Meyer. It is the first book in the \"Twilight\" series, and introduces seventeen-year-old Isabella \"Bella\" Swan, who moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington. She is endangered after falling in love with Edward Cullen, a vampire. Additional novels in the series are \"New Moon\", \"Eclipse\", and \"Breaking Dawn\". \"Twilight\" received lukewarm reviews. Some praised the novel's tone and its portrayal of common teenage emotions such as alienation and rebellion. Others criticized Meyer's prose and argued the story was lacking in character development. It","title":"Twilight (Meyer novel)"},{"psg_id":"16229807","text":"already started production. Confirmed for the soundtrack in advance were \"Heart of Stone\" by Iko, which plays when Edward and Bella are talking in the cottage after finding Alice's note and \"Where I Come From\" by Passion Pit, which will play when Bella wakes up from her transformation. The lead single from the soundtrack is \"The Forgotten\", performed by the American rock band Green Day. \"A Thousand Years, Pt. 2\" by the American singer Christina Perri is also featured on the soundtrack album. Carter Burwell, the composer of \"Twilight\" and \"\", returned to score the final installment of the series.","title":"The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2"},{"psg_id":"9397014","text":"On their honeymoon, she becomes pregnant by Edward and, due to the peculiar nature of her baby, Bella nearly dies giving birth to their daughter, Renesmee Cullen. Edward turns Bella into a vampire to save her life. The premise for both the Bella Swan character and the \"Twilight\" series originated in a dream Stephenie Meyer had in which an \"average girl\" and a \"fantastically beautiful, sparkly ... vampire ... were having an intense conversation in a meadow in the woods.\" In this dream, the pair \"were discussing the difficulties inherent in the facts that ... they were falling in love","title":"Bella Swan"},{"psg_id":"12949443","text":"January 2009, Bella played the South American Youth Championship with the Argentine under-20 national team. In 2012, Bella was called by coach Alejandro Sabella for a senior national team formed solely by local league players, although he did not play any games. Iván Bella Iván Gonzalo Bella (born 13 September 1989) is an Argentine football winger who plays for Arsenal de Sarandí in the Argentine Primera División. Bella made his league debut for Vélez Sársfield on a 0–0 draw against Independiente on 8 June 2008, during the penultimate fixture of that year's Clausura tournament. In 2009, the Argentine winger won","title":"Iván Bella"},{"psg_id":"10833089","text":"Twilight (novel series) Twilight is a series of four vampire-themed fantasy romance novels by American author Stephenie Meyer. Released annually from 2005 through 2008, the four books chart the later teen years of Isabella \"Bella\" Swan, a girl who moves to Forks, Washington, and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named Edward Cullen. The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of \"Eclipse\" and Part II of \"Breaking Dawn\" being told from the viewpoint of character Jacob Black, a werewolf. The unpublished \"Midnight Sun\" is a retelling of the first book, \"Twilight\", from Edward","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"12949440","text":"Iván Bella Iván Gonzalo Bella (born 13 September 1989) is an Argentine football winger who plays for Arsenal de Sarandí in the Argentine Primera División. Bella made his league debut for Vélez Sársfield on a 0–0 draw against Independiente on 8 June 2008, during the penultimate fixture of that year's Clausura tournament. In 2009, the Argentine winger won with Vélez the 2009 Clausura, although only playing one game (a 1–1 draw against River Plate on the sixth fixture). Bella played 13 games in Vélez' 2010 Apertura runner-up campaign, mainly replacing Augusto Fernández on the right wing when the former was","title":"Iván Bella"},{"psg_id":"14406050","text":"of Twilight begins with a Isabella \"Bella\" Swan moving to live with her father Charlie Swan, the Chief of Police, in Forks, Washington. When Bella was seated next to Edward Cullen in class on her first day of school, Edward seemed repulsed by her. He disappeared for a few days, but warmed up to Bella upon his return. A few days later, Bella was nearly run over by a classmate's van in the school car-park due to ice, but was saved by Edward when he instantaneously appeared next to her and stops the van with his bare hands. Suspicious, Bella","title":"Twilight: The Graphic Novel"},{"psg_id":"7401839","text":"not want Bella to suffer the same fate. Meyer claims that the idea for \"Twilight\" came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003. She dreamed of a human girl and a vampire who loved her but still wanted her blood. Inspired by her dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what is now Chapter 13 of the book. The first drafts were titled \"Forks\" instead of \"Twilight;\" the publisher requested the title change. At first, Meyers didn't name her two main characters. She chose Edward, influenced by Edward Rochester from Charlotte Brontë's \"Jane Eyre\" and Edward Ferrars from Jane","title":"Twilight (Meyer novel)"},{"psg_id":"12791189","text":"choice. Jacob and Edward fight, and Jacob phases. Bella stops their fight and Jacob leaves. The movie concludes with Edward telling Bella that he will change her into a vampire once they are married. In early November 2008, Summit Entertainment announced that they had obtained the rights to the remaining books in Stephenie Meyer's \"Twilight\" series: \"New Moon\", \"Eclipse\", and \"Breaking Dawn\". On November 22, 2008, one day after the theatrical release of \"Twilight\", Summit confirmed that they would begin working on \"New Moon\". \"I don't think any other author has had a more positive experience with the makers of","title":"The Twilight Saga: New Moon"},{"psg_id":"14406049","text":"Twilight: The Graphic Novel Twilight: The Graphic Novel is a 2 part comic book miniseries by Young Kim, an adaptation of the first thirteen chapters of \"Twilight\" by Stephenie Meyer. Volume 2 was released on October 11, 2011. On October 2012 Volume 1 and Volume 2 were put into one book for a collectors edition that included extras in the back of the book about 5 of the characters (Carlisle Cullen, Edward Cullen, Bella Swan, Jacob Black, and Esme Cullen. On April 23, 2013 volume one of the \"\" (the second book in the Twilight Series) came out. The story","title":"Twilight: The Graphic Novel"},{"psg_id":"9397030","text":"Edward Cullen. As for distinguishing features, Bella has a small crescent-shaped scar on her hand where she was bitten by James, a tracker vampire, in \"Twilight\". The scar is described as being pale, always a few degrees colder than the rest of her body, and it shines like a vampire's skin when exposed to the sunlight. After Bella is changed into a vampire by Edward, she becomes extremely beautiful with even paler skin, straight waist-length hair, and crimson red eyes that will eventually turn gold after months of drinking animal blood. Her features are also heightened and perfected by the","title":"Bella Swan"},{"psg_id":"15051702","text":"until 30 June 2013) for €103,000. In July 2013 Barletta announced that Di Bella would remain with the club for another season. Fabrizio Di Bella Fabrizio Di Bella (born 2 March 1988) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Vigor Lamezia, an Italian team of Lamezia Terme. Di Bella was signed by A.S. Livorno Calcio in August 2008; he was loaned back to Potenza for a season. He made his Livorno debut on 18 September 2010, in a 0–0 draw at home to Portogruaro. In 2012, he joined Barletta. Although the deal was initially announced as a","title":"Fabrizio Di Bella"},{"psg_id":"14016876","text":"to 10-week period, and was recorded and mixed in about 2 weeks in late September 2008. Burwell began the score with a \"Love Theme\" for Bella and Edward's relationship, a variation of which became \"Bella's Lullaby\" that Robert Pattinson plays in the film, and that is included on the \"Twilight Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\". The original theme is featured throughout the film, and serves to \"play the romance that drives the story\". Another theme Burwell composed was a \"Predator Theme\", which opens the film, and is intended to play Edward's vampire nature. Other themes include a bass-line, drum beat and","title":"The Twilight Saga (film series)"},{"psg_id":"10833109","text":"final novel to be told from Bella Swan's perspective. In 2008 and 2009, the four books of the series claimed the top four spots on \"USA Today\"'s year-end bestseller list, making Meyer the first author to ever achieve this feat. The series then won the 2009 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book, where it competed against the \"Harry Potter\" series. Meyer originally planned to write a companion book to \"Twilight\" called \"Midnight Sun\", which would be the story of \"Twilight\" told from Edward Cullen's point-of-view. She stated that \"Twilight\" was the only book that she planned to rewrite from Edward's","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"11956926","text":"on shows such as Castle and \"The Following\". Bella is currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Robert Bella Robert Bella (born 1963) is an American filmmaker, best known for the indie comedy \"Colin Fitz Lives!\" Bella has also worked on over 100 plays as an actor, director, producer and writer. He is a co-author of \"Training of the American Actor\" and he wrote the stage adaptation of the film \"Stand and Deliver\". Bella was born in Brooklyn, New York. He received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, where he studied","title":"Robert Bella"},{"psg_id":"13933257","text":"Alberto de la Bella Alberto de la Bella Madueño (born 2 December 1985) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for UD Las Palmas as a left back. Born in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Catalonia, de la Bella started his career at local UDA Gramenet. Other than with this club, he only played for B-teams in various parts of the country in four seasons, on loan and after being released (in 2008–09, he played with Sevilla FC's reserves in Segunda División, being relegated). In the summer of 2009, de la Bella signed with Real Sociedad in the same level,","title":"Alberto de la Bella"},{"psg_id":"14016874","text":"married and Bella becomes pregnant. They deal with her struggle of being pregnant and nearly dying because of her half-human, half-vampire child. The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 2 was directed by Bill Condon, and author Stephenie Meyer co-produced the film along with Karen Rosenfelt and Wyck Godfrey, with Melissa Rosenberg penning the script. The book's plot was split into two films, the first of which was released on November 18, 2011. The second was released on November 16, 2012. The second part of Breaking Dawn saw the climax of Bella and Edward's relationship. Bella must learn, as a newly","title":"The Twilight Saga (film series)"},{"psg_id":"15051701","text":"Fabrizio Di Bella Fabrizio Di Bella (born 2 March 1988) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Vigor Lamezia, an Italian team of Lamezia Terme. Di Bella was signed by A.S. Livorno Calcio in August 2008; he was loaned back to Potenza for a season. He made his Livorno debut on 18 September 2010, in a 0–0 draw at home to Portogruaro. In 2012, he joined Barletta. Although the deal was initially announced as a temporary deal, Livorno announced in their financial report that the club wrote down the residual value of Di Bella's contract (which lasted","title":"Fabrizio Di Bella"},{"psg_id":"10833111","text":"\"Midnight Sun\", and so it is on hold indefinitely. Though she has no current plans to do so, Meyer has also stated that if she were to continue writing in the same universe she would write from the perspective of either Leah Clearwater or Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee Cullen. On March 16, 2010 Yen Press released \"Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 1\", by artist Young Kim based on the first book in the series. In February 2011, the graphic novel won the 2010 Gem Awards Best Manga of the Year. The sequel, \"Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 2\" was","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"12791182","text":"beating \"Twilight\"s 3.8 million units sold in its first two days. The film was well received by fans, but received generally negative reviews from critics. On her eighteenth birthday, Bella Swan wakes up from a dream, in which she sees herself as an old woman. She expresses her distaste about growing older than her boyfriend, Edward Cullen, a vampire, whose condition caused him to stop aging physically at seventeen. Despite her lack of enthusiasm, Edward's family host Bella a birthday party. While unwrapping a gift, Bella receives a paper cut. Edward's brother, Jasper, becomes overwhelmed by the scent of Bella's","title":"The Twilight Saga: New Moon"},{"psg_id":"10833123","text":"abusive relationship. L. Lee Butler of Young Adult Library Services Association commented how he was unusually hesitant to stock the \"Twilight\" books in his library because he felt the books were \"robbing [teen girls] of agency and normalizing stalking and abusive behavior.\" Many female-oriented and feminist media outlets, like Jezebel, The Frisky, and Salon.com have decried \"Twilight\" as promoting an anti-woman message. \"Bitch\" magazine stated the novels \"had created a new, popular genre of \"abstinence porn\", concluding that, \"In reality, the abstinence message—wrapped in the genre of abstinence porn—objectifies Bella in the same ways that 'real' porn might. The \"Twilight\"","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"10321554","text":"Twilight Struggle Twilight Struggle: The Cold War, 1945–1989 is a card-driven strategy game for two players, with its theme taken from the Cold War. One player plays the United States (US), and the other plays the Soviet Union (USSR). The game takes its title from John F. Kennedy's inaugural address: Now the trumpet summons us again, not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are – but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle... \"Twilight Struggle\" was the highest-ranked game on BoardGameGeek from December","title":"Twilight Struggle"},{"psg_id":"11956922","text":"Robert Bella Robert Bella (born 1963) is an American filmmaker, best known for the indie comedy \"Colin Fitz Lives!\" Bella has also worked on over 100 plays as an actor, director, producer and writer. He is a co-author of \"Training of the American Actor\" and he wrote the stage adaptation of the film \"Stand and Deliver\". Bella was born in Brooklyn, New York. He received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, where he studied acting with Stella Adler, David Mamet and William H. Macy. When he was 23 years old,","title":"Robert Bella"},{"psg_id":"14650906","text":"the Heiltsuk village of Bella Bella (also known as Waglisla). The name \"Bella Bella\" was initially applied to the Heiltsuk village located at McLoughlin Bay but when the store (and associated post office) closed the name was transferred to Denny Island, first at the cannery, then to Shearwater on Denny Island, British Columbia, which is now known as Shearwater, was known as Bella Bella Airbase from 1948 to 1952 and though renamed to Shearwater, the Bella Bella post office stayed at that location Today the town \"Bella Bella\" refers to \"New Bella Bella\". The post office \"Bella Bella\" has now","title":"Old Bella Bella"},{"psg_id":"15042525","text":"included guitarists Johnny Roger and Jean Bosco. Emile, who was only 16 when Bella Bella started, became a teen idol of the youth of Kinshasa. Since their early years, the band recorded several hits, such as \"Baboti bapekisi\", \"Sylvie\", \"Alexandrine\", \"Mwasi ya moto\", \"Luta\", \"Lina\", \"Mandendeli\", \"Mbuta\", \"Bipale ya pembeni\", and \"Sofele\". Around 1972 the band experienced drastic changes in its lineup and internal quarrels, that eventually led to one the Soki brothers, Emile, leaving the band for a while to create a spin-off group called Bella Mambo. In the same period, Pepe Kalle joined Bella Bella for a few","title":"Orchestre Bella Bella"},{"psg_id":"10833124","text":"books conflate Bella losing her virginity with the loss of other things, including her sense of self and her very life. Such a high-stakes treatment of abstinence reinforces the idea that Bella is powerless, an object, a fact that is highlighted when we get to the sex scenes in \"Breaking Dawn\".\" \"Ms.\" declared that \"Twilight\" promotes a physically abusive relationship and an anti-abortion message. However, writer Angela Aleiss of \"Religion News Service\" said that contrary to popular opinion, Mormons do permit abortion when the mother's life is in danger. Bella's refusal to abort her fetus, along with her quick marriage","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"10833092","text":"\"The Twilight Saga\" series of motion pictures by Summit Entertainment. The film adaptations of the first three books were released in 2008, 2009, and 2010 respectively. The fourth book is adapted into two full-length films—the first film being released in November 2011, and the second film in November 2012. Bella Swan moves from Phoenix, Arizona to live with her father in Forks, Washington to allow her mother to travel with her new husband, a minor league baseball player. After moving to Forks, Bella finds herself involuntarily drawn to a mysterious, handsome boy, Edward Cullen and eventually learns that he is","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"13745093","text":"Before Twilight Before Twilight () is a 2008 Polish comedy film drama directed by Jacek Bławut. The film is about a group of old retired theatre actors in a retirement home for actors who aim to regroup and stage Goethe's \"Faust\". The film stars a number of esteemed veteran Polish actors including Irena Kwiatkowska and Roman Kłosowski, who plays Nostradamus. The film, produced in 2008, was featured at the 2008 Polish Feature Film Festival where it won a Silver Lion award for director Jacek Bławut and picked up several other awards. It was later released theatrically in Poland on 15","title":"Before Twilight"},{"psg_id":"9790769","text":"several new leads tracing who Bella could have been. Other messages in the same hand appeared too. Since at least the 1970s, the graffiti has sporadically appeared on the Hagley Obelisk near to where the woman's body was discovered, which asks the slightly modified \"Who put Bella in the Witch Elm?.\" An episode of the television programme \"Nazi Murder Mysteries\" described a forensic facial reconstruction undertaken by the University of Liverpool's \"Face Lab\", from photographs of the skull. It was commissioned by Andrew Sparke, for his books on the incident. In a Radio 4 programme first broadcast in August 2014,","title":"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm?"},{"psg_id":"14650905","text":"until changed to Old Bella Bella when the newer settlement across the strait was renamed Bella Bella after being Waglisla from 1974 to 1993. When the store at McLoughlin Bay closed, the postal service, along with the name \"Bella Bella\" was transferred, first to a cannery, then to Shearwater, British Columbia. The name \"Old Bella Bella\" is sometimes applied to both the original village at McLoughlin Bay, to the old post office in the \"BC Packers Cannery\" (now closed) on Lama Pass, and to Shearwater. For many years Shearwater used the name \"Bella Bella\" until it was recently transferred to","title":"Old Bella Bella"},{"psg_id":"4657179","text":"from the south coast. \"...to the Heiltsuk, Bella Bella forms a national capital of sorts to an unceded traditional territory of 16,658 square kilometres.\" Founded between 1897 and 1903, Bella Bella is located on Campbell Island. Originally styled New Bella Bella to distinguish it from \"Bella Bella\", the community's official post office name for some time was Waglisla, meaning \"river on the beach\" in the Heiltsuk language. Old Bella Bella, the Heiltsuk village site that is located south of the current village was known as Bella Bella. As it grew, a post office was located in the store. When the","title":"Bella Bella, British Columbia"},{"psg_id":"10833126","text":"also added, \"Just because [Bella] doesn't do kung fu and she cooks for her father doesn't make her worthy of that criticism\". Shannon Simcox of \"The Daily Collegian\" has similarly dismissed the criticism surrounding Bella, commenting, \"While Bella plays the perfect damsel in distress that gets herself into sticky situations, she is also very in control of herself. She chose to move to Forks and be in a new place; she constantly faces a bunch of people who want to suck the life right out of her, and she is constantly pleading to become a vampire, too, so she can","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"9538537","text":"Bella and Samuel Spewack Samuel (September 16, 1899 – October 14, 1971) and Bella Spewack (March 25, 1899 – April 27, 1990) were a husband-and-wife writing team. Samuel, who also directed many of their plays, was born in Ukraine. He attended Stuyvesant High School in New York City and then received his degree from Columbia College. His wife, the oldest of three children of a single mother, was born Bella Cohen in Bucharest, Romania and with her family emigrated to the Lower East Side of Manhattan when she was a child. After graduation from Washington Irving High School, she worked","title":"Bella and Samuel Spewack"},{"psg_id":"9790775","text":"support the story. Who put Bella in the Wych Elm? Who put Bella in the Wych Elm? is graffiti which first appeared in 1944 following the 1943 discovery of the skeletonised remains of a woman by four children inside a wych elm in Hagley Wood, Hagley (located in the estate of Hagley Hall), in Worcestershire, England. The victim—whose murder is approximated to have occurred in 1941—remains unidentified, and the current location of her skeleton and autopsy report is unknown. On 18 April 1943, four local boys (Robert Hart, Thomas Willetts, Bob Farmer and Fred Payne) were poaching or bird–nesting in","title":"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm?"},{"psg_id":"9790764","text":"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm? Who put Bella in the Wych Elm? is graffiti which first appeared in 1944 following the 1943 discovery of the skeletonised remains of a woman by four children inside a wych elm in Hagley Wood, Hagley (located in the estate of Hagley Hall), in Worcestershire, England. The victim—whose murder is approximated to have occurred in 1941—remains unidentified, and the current location of her skeleton and autopsy report is unknown. On 18 April 1943, four local boys (Robert Hart, Thomas Willetts, Bob Farmer and Fred Payne) were poaching or bird–nesting in Hagley Wood, part","title":"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm?"},{"psg_id":"4361561","text":"who handed her, her gang and Prowler over to the police. Bella Donna Boudreaux is a fictional character from the Marvel Comics universe who first appeared in \"\" vol. 2 #8. She was created by Jim Lee and Scott Lobdell. Belladonna plays a major role in the first \"Rogue\" mini-series. Young street-thief Remy LeBeau met Bella Donna Boudreaux when they were only children, and the pair soon became friends. Unbeknownst to them both, they came from rival Guilds (those of Thieves and Assassins, respectively). As they grew up and the rivalry between the Guilds increased, their fathers arranged for a","title":"Bella Donna (comics)"},{"psg_id":"14016872","text":"and the rest of the wolves form a temporary alliance to destroy her to keep Bella safe. Bella visits Jacob after he gets hurt, but she decides to marry Edward. The film was released theatrically starting on June 30, 2010, and is the first \"Twilight\" film to be released in IMAX. It set a new record for biggest midnight opening in domestic (United States and Canada) in box office history, grossing an estimated $30 million in over 4,000 theaters. The previous record holder was the previous film in the series, \"\" with $26.3 million in 3,514 theaters. The film then","title":"The Twilight Saga (film series)"},{"psg_id":"18011293","text":"Bella Thorne discography American actress and singer Bella Thorne has released two extended plays, seven singles, four featured single, four promotional singles, and thirteen music videos. Thorne's first single, \"Watch Me\", featuring Zendaya was released on June 21, 2011 and reached number 86 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts and number nine on the US Top Heatseekers charts, and was certified gold by RIAA in 2013. Her second single, \"TTYLXOX\", was released on March 6, 2012, reaching number 97 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In March 2013, Bella Thorne announced she had signed to Hollywood Records, and began working","title":"Bella Thorne discography"},{"psg_id":"4657187","text":"the Heiltsuk were able to have the name Bella Bella returned to the postal service in the community. The name was changed in 2007. As a result of this history – the name Bella Bella can be seen in four different locations in the Central Coast maps – depending on when they were created and how up to date they are. 1897–1903 The Heiltsuk move their community from McLoughlin Bay (Qelc or Old Bella Bella) to the site of the present-day village of Bella Bella, BC. 1903 By 1903 New Bella Bella, now just known Bella Bella (aka Waglisla) was","title":"Bella Bella, British Columbia"},{"psg_id":"4657182","text":"in Bella Bella include a large general store, the Bella Bella Community School, Alexa's restaurant, the Koeye Cafe, the Thistalalh Memorial Library, an RCMP police station (with a circuit court every 1.5 months), the Bella Bella Medical Clinic, staffed by 3 physicians and a Nurse Practitioner, and R.W. Large Memorial Hospital and its pharmacy. The CIBC bank branch closed in 2007. The village of Bella Bella was previously known as Waglisla to the Canadian Postal Service; the postal address changed to Bella Bella (V0T 1Z0) in October 2007. Bella Bella is a Heiltsuk village situated on Campbell Island, British Columbia.","title":"Bella Bella, British Columbia"},{"psg_id":"4657178","text":"Bella Bella, British Columbia Bella Bella, also known as Waglisla, is the home of the Heiltsuk and is an unincorporated community and Indian Reserve community located within Bella Bella Indian Reserve No. 1 on the east coast of Campbell Island in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada. Bella Bella is located north of Port Hardy, on Vancouver Island, and west of Bella Coola. The community is on Lama Passage, part of the Inside Passage – a transportation route linking the area, and northern British Columbia as well as Alaska for marine vessels carrying cargo, passengers and recreational boaters","title":"Bella Bella, British Columbia"},{"psg_id":"14016873","text":"scored the biggest Wednesday opening in domestic history with $68,533,840 beating \"'s\" $62 million. \"The Twilight Saga: Eclipse\" has also become the film with the widest release ever, playing in over 4,416 theaters. The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn was directed by Bill Condon, and author Stephenie Meyer co-produced the film along with Karen Rosenfelt and Wyck Godfrey, with Melissa Rosenberg penning the script. The book's plot was split into two films, the first of which was released on November 18, 2011. The filming of \"Breaking Dawn\" began in November 2010. The first part follows Bella and Edward as they get","title":"The Twilight Saga (film series)"},{"psg_id":"13073221","text":"then scored the biggest Wednesday opening in the United States and Canada history with $68,533,840 beating \"\"s $62 million. \"Eclipse\" has also become the film with the widest independent release, playing in over 4,416 theaters, surpassing its predecessor, \"The Twilight Saga: New Moon\", which held the record since November 2009. In Seattle, not far from Forks, Victoria still seeks vengeance on Bella for James’s death. Learning that Laurent is killed by wolves and to replace him and James, she attacks and bites Riley Biers in order to begin creating an army of newborns, who are many times stronger during their","title":"The Twilight Saga: Eclipse"},{"psg_id":"15042528","text":"band, but several longtime members left between the late 1970s and the early 1980s. New entries (including, most notably, Kanda Bongo Man and Diblo Dibala) did not save the band from its decline. Maxime himself finally gave up Bella Bella and relocated in Germany. Orchestre Bella Bella L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Orchestre Bella Bella (also known as Frères Soki & l'Orchestre Bella Bella or simply Bella Bella; sometimes written Bella-Bella) was a prominent DR Congo soukous band that formed in the early 1970s. It was led by the Soki brothers (\"Les frères Soki\" in French). With Shama Shama and Lipwa Lipwa, it was one","title":"Orchestre Bella Bella"},{"psg_id":"9397041","text":"brown eye color as described in the books. Bella has received a generally negative reception from critics. \"Publishers Weekly\" states that, after her transformation into a vampire, \"it's almost impossible to identify with her\" in \"Breaking Dawn\". Lilah Lohr of the \"Chicago Tribune\" compares Bella's character to the story of the Quileute wolves and describes it as \"less satisfying.\" During \"Twilight\", Kirkus Reviews stated that \"Bella's appeal is based on magic rather than character\", but that her and Edward's \"portrayal of dangerous lovers hits the spot\". In the review of \"New Moon\", \"Kirkus Reviews\" said that Bella's personality was \"flat","title":"Bella Swan"},{"psg_id":"14650908","text":"Columbia. Old Bella Bella Old Bella Bella, also known as Old Towns or Qlts, was the name for the Heiltsuk village that grew up around the Hudson's Bay Company's historic Fort McLoughlin, at McLoughlin Bay on Campbell Island. The village relocated to the present site of Bella Bella, British Columbia by 1903. Today the Heiltsuk control the site, which houses a BC Ferries terminal, fish plant, and two houses, as well as archaeological remains of the old village. Located on Campbell Island opposite the modern town now carrying the name Shearwater, the village grew and the Hudson's Bay Company closed","title":"Old Bella Bella"},{"psg_id":"14650901","text":"Old Bella Bella Old Bella Bella, also known as Old Towns or Qlts, was the name for the Heiltsuk village that grew up around the Hudson's Bay Company's historic Fort McLoughlin, at McLoughlin Bay on Campbell Island. The village relocated to the present site of Bella Bella, British Columbia by 1903. Today the Heiltsuk control the site, which houses a BC Ferries terminal, fish plant, and two houses, as well as archaeological remains of the old village. Located on Campbell Island opposite the modern town now carrying the name Shearwater, the village grew and the Hudson's Bay Company closed the","title":"Old Bella Bella"},{"psg_id":"9064585","text":"islands; her request being turned down, she established herself on the banks of Lake Como at Cernobbio in the Villa d’Este. A conference of high representatives of Italy, France and the United Kingdom was held in the palace at Isola Bella in April 1935, resulting in the agreement known as the Stresa Front. Isola Bella is a popular tourist attraction, with a regular ferry service from Stresa, Laveno, Pallanza and Intra. It plays host to the annual Stresa music festival. Isola Bella (Lago Maggiore) Isola Bella (\"lit.\" 'beautiful island') is one of the Borromean Islands of Lago Maggiore in north","title":"Isola Bella (Lago Maggiore)"},{"psg_id":"15042524","text":"Orchestre Bella Bella L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Orchestre Bella Bella (also known as Frères Soki & l'Orchestre Bella Bella or simply Bella Bella; sometimes written Bella-Bella) was a prominent DR Congo soukous band that formed in the early 1970s. It was led by the Soki brothers (\"Les frères Soki\" in French). With Shama Shama and Lipwa Lipwa, it was one of the bands that popularized a smoother, softer style in the soukous scene. The band was a starting ground for many successful musicians, including Nyboma and Pepe Kalle. The band was founded in 1969 by the Soki brothers, Maxim and Emile Soki. Its lineup","title":"Orchestre Bella Bella"},{"psg_id":"9790770","text":"Steve Punt suggested two possible victims. One possible victim was reported to the police in 1944 by a Birmingham prostitute. In the report, she stated that another prostitute called Bella, who worked on the Hagley Road, had disappeared about three years previously. The name “Bella” (or “Luebella”) suggested the graffiti artist was probably aware of the identity of the victim or of the killer. A second possibility came from a statement made to police in 1953 by Una Mossop, in which she said that her ex-husband Jack Mossop had confessed to family members that he and a Dutchman called van","title":"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm?"},{"psg_id":"10836549","text":"Agua Bella Agua Bella is a female technocumbia music group from Peru. Agua Bella was created in 1999 by music entrepreneur José Castillo, with the idea to merge the technocumbia music with top female voices and beauty. After castings to hire singers and dancers, the original band was composed by singers Evelyn Campos and Yolanda Medina with some non-regular dancers. Their first CD, \"Cariño Loco\", was a success. Since then, Castillo has worked to keep the band between five and six members between singers and dancers. In 2004, after ten CDs and hundreds of live plays and television appearances, it","title":"Agua Bella"},{"psg_id":"14650907","text":"been returned to Campbell Island and the Heiltsuk village. There are a number of resorts and hotels that are located on Denny Island such as the Shearwater Resort, the Denny Island B&B and the Whiskey Cove B&B. Most of Bella Bella's residents live on Campbell Island (New Bella Bella) but some employees of the Shearwater Resort still live on Denny Island. The site now contains a fish processing plant and BC Ferries terminal - McLoughlin Bay, which includes a 'roll-on-roll-off' ramp allowing vehicles access. In addition are several houses, a paved road connecting to the village of Bella Bella, British","title":"Old Bella Bella"},{"psg_id":"12169622","text":"storeroom. That night her stepsister Alice helps her escape. Bella warns Julian in time to save him, but couldn't prevent the battle. Instead she plays the part of the Worthy Knight, stopping the war forever. She is gravely wounded, but rescued by Prince Julian, who takes her back to her adoptive family and asks for her hand in marriage. She accepts. Prince Julian is the fourth son of King Raymond. He was given to Beatrice until he was three, when he went to live with his uncle, but frequently returns to visit. He is instantly taken with Bella when introduced,","title":"Bella at Midnight"},{"psg_id":"4657190","text":"2015 Potlatch in Bella Bella to ratify the Heiltsuk-Haida Peace treaty, a formal agreement that builds on the peace treaty of 1852 that ended the war between the two Nations. The 13-million-year-old mafic dike swarms in the Bella Bella area were formed by the Anahim hotspot when this part of North America was directly overhead. The dikes are believed to mark the first arrival of the hotspot, although it is now located in central British Columbia at Nazko Cone. Bella Bella, British Columbia Bella Bella, also known as Waglisla, is the home of the Heiltsuk and is an unincorporated community","title":"Bella Bella, British Columbia"},{"psg_id":"4657180","text":"Heiltsuk relocated their settlement to the north, the post office, and the name Bella Bella, moved – first to the store in the BC Packers Cannery, then to the village of Shearwater. The post office name was retained while moving location several times. This is a source of confusion and the reason 'Bella Bella' sometimes appears on Denny Island rather than Campbell Island on some Provincial maps. The Hudson's Bay Company's Fort McLoughlin was near the same location, which is on McLoughlin Bay. With a population of 1,400, Bella Bella is the largest community to be found on the Central","title":"Bella Bella, British Columbia"},{"psg_id":"14624748","text":"Club de Regatas Bella Vista Club de Regatas Bella Vista is an Argentine sports club from the Bella Vista district of Greater Buenos Aires. Founded in 1895 as a rowing club, Regatas later developed other sports activities, such as rugby union, field hockey, football and tennis. The rugby team currently plays at the Top 12, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system. On the other hand, the hockey sections compete in tournaments organised by the Buenos Aires Hockey Association (AHBA). Club de Regatas Bella Vista was founded on February 14, 1895, by former members","title":"Club de Regatas Bella Vista"},{"psg_id":"4657181","text":"Coast north of Queen Charlotte Strait. It is home to the Heiltsuk First Nation. Like many small communities on the coast, such as nearby Ocean Falls, Bella Bella has had a precarious and isolated existence. The closing of coastal cannery towns and decreased need for coastal shipping reduced the importance of Bella Bella's port. However, the resumption of ferry services by BC Ferries and the introduction of an air link from Vancouver via Port Hardy by Pacific Coastal Airlines have revived Bella Bella. There are scheduled flights from Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport onward to Klemtu and Ocean Falls. Services","title":"Bella Bella, British Columbia"},{"psg_id":"8716953","text":"week. José walks back to the restaurant and reconciles with Manny. Several years later, José is playing on a beach with a young girl. When Nina arrives she meets for the first time her daughter, Bella, who is revealed to have been adopted by José. The girls exchange gifts: Nina gives Bella the teddy bear given to her by her father, while Bella hands Nina a seashell. Afterwards, José and the girls stroll down the beach together. \"Bella\" marks the feature directorial debut for Alejandro Gomez Monteverde, who co-wrote its original screenplay with Patrick Million. \"Bella\" features Manuel Perez, Angelica","title":"Bella (film)"},{"psg_id":"11956923","text":"Bella became an NYU adjunct faculty member. By the time he was 25, he was teaching Master Classes around the world, on subjects such as directing, script analysis, performance technique, on-camera acting and audition skills. Former acting students include: Jessica Alba, Rose Byrne, Heather Burns, Justin Chatwin, Abbie Cornish, Peter Facinelli, Matthew Fox, Bryan Greenberg, Diane Neal, Jason Ritter and Skeet Ulrich. Bella became one of the founding members the Atlantic Theater Company, where he served as the Managing Director, Associate Artistic Director and Executive Director of the Atlantic Acting School. His experience producing and directing numerous Off-Broadway plays ultimately","title":"Robert Bella"},{"psg_id":"19593626","text":"and the Cullens manage to convince the wolves to believe the truth after a brief talk with tribal elder Bonnie Black. When the wind blows Bonnie's scent to Beau, he manages to stay in control of himself, much to Edythe and Carine's surprise. With everything resolved, Beau and Edythe begin their unlimited time of \"forever\". \"Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined\" received mixed reviews. Common Sense Media gave it a 3 out of 5 and said, \"This reimagined Twilight with swapped genders (Bella is Beau, Edward is Edythe) and most of the same content will primarily interest Twi-hards and anyone in","title":"Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined"},{"psg_id":"14016852","text":"\"Twilight\" was in development for approximately three years at Paramount Pictures's MTV Films, during which time a screen adaptation differing significantly from the novel was written. For example, the script transformed Bella into a star athlete. Stephenie Meyer stated that there was some debate in allowing the movie to be made because of the negative or positive outcome of the movie compared to the book, '\"They could have put that [earlier] movie out, called it something else, and no one would have known it was Twilight!\" The idea of seeing a scene converted correctly, specifically the meadow scene, convinced Meyer","title":"The Twilight Saga (film series)"},{"psg_id":"16876222","text":"by ballads that feel like a long goodbye to Bella, Edward, and Jacob\", and said \"As with the other volumes of the series' music, however, this collection provides a surprisingly good showcase for female, indie-ish talent.\" Phares concluded, \"While \"Breaking Dawn\" isn't one of the more dynamic \"Twilight Saga\" soundtracks, it is one of the more emotive ones, and just may help fans get some closure as one of the biggest film franchises of the 2000s and 2010s comes to a close.\" The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (soundtrack) The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (Original","title":"The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (soundtrack)"},{"psg_id":"9510029","text":"you the bold and foolish lambs. To you who are intoxicated with riddles, let's go. Who take pleasure in twilight. Whose souls are lured by noise to every treacherous abyss. For you do not feel for a rope like cowards, and where you can guess you hate to calculate. And where others would poison, you dismember. Plays Pretty for Baby Plays Pretty for Baby is the second album by the American punk rock band Nation of Ulysses. Tracks 14-16 on the CD are not on the original album, and are taken from the 7\" EP \"Birth of the Ulysses Aesthetic\".","title":"Plays Pretty for Baby"},{"psg_id":"13745094","text":"May 2009. The Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra were invited to perform part of the soundtrack. The idea was to gather an all-star cast of veteran actors, including those who starred in movies or stage plays as early as before World War II. Unfortunately the movie suffered from such a long pre-production phase that many of the actors already cast had passed before the shooting started, with such notable names as Leon Niemczyk, Gustaw Holoubek, Lidia Wysocka, Irena Malkiewicz, Zdzisław Mrożewski. This led to major changes in the script. Before Twilight Before Twilight () is a 2008 Polish comedy film drama directed","title":"Before Twilight"},{"psg_id":"11028105","text":"When Twilight Shadows Deepen \"When Twilight Shadows Deepen\", unofficially known as \"Twilight Shadows\" is the University of Massachusetts Amherst's alma mater. It was composed by Fred D. Griggs, a 1913 graduate of the school, and trustee from 1928 until his death on December 22, 1942. \"Twilight Shadows\" was the 1913 winning entry in the Interclass Singing Contest held at graduation, which began in 1910. According to Joseph B. Cobb, also of the class of 1913, Fred Griggs wrote the winning entries for 1910, 1911, and 1912 as well. The University of Massachusetts Minuteman Marching Band plays \"Twilight Shadows\" during their","title":"When Twilight Shadows Deepen"},{"psg_id":"6838913","text":"Daylight operations only. Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport is located northwest of Bella Bella on Campbell Island. British Columbia, Canada. The airport is connected by paved road to the village of Bella Bella, British Columbia and forms a hub of sorts for the Central Coast, with flights linking to Klemtu, Port Hardy, and Vancouver with additional flights during the summer servicing tourist and commercial operations in the area. Considered a halfway point for small aircraft flying from Seattle, Washington to Alaska, this airport offers a rest and refuel point for many pilots. GPS and NDB","title":"Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport"},{"psg_id":"6838912","text":"Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport is located northwest of Bella Bella on Campbell Island. British Columbia, Canada. The airport is connected by paved road to the village of Bella Bella, British Columbia and forms a hub of sorts for the Central Coast, with flights linking to Klemtu, Port Hardy, and Vancouver with additional flights during the summer servicing tourist and commercial operations in the area. Considered a halfway point for small aircraft flying from Seattle, Washington to Alaska, this airport offers a rest and refuel point for many pilots. GPS and NDB approaches are available.","title":"Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport"},{"psg_id":"3532567","text":"February. While on board the station Bella performed various scientific experiments as well as experiments involving the possibility of survival of Japanese quails during long flights. Bella spent just over a week in space and returned to earth on 28 February aboard Soyuz TM-28 along with fellow crew member Gennady Padalka. In 2004, Bella was appointed to serve as a military attaché for Slovakia in Moscow, Russia. Ivan Bella Ivan Bella (born 25 May 1964 in Brezno, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia)) is a Slovak Air Force officer who became the first Slovak citizen to fly in space. He participated in an","title":"Ivan Bella"},{"psg_id":"8674028","text":"Journal This Morning\". \"Twilight Zone\" was featured in the FX drama \"The Americans\", during the second season finale. The song plays during the credits of Team Four Star's abridged version of \"\". \"Twilight Zone\" was featured in the 2012 movie \"End of Watch\". \"Twilight Zone\" was featured in the \"Raid the Arcade\" music mix in Ernest Cline's novel, \"Armada\". NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt Jr. used it as an entrance song whenever possible during the 2013 season. The song was also frequently played as bumper music by paranormal talk radio host Art Bell on his shows. The song plays during the","title":"Twilight Zone (Golden Earring song)"},{"psg_id":"4657188","text":"fairly well established following the move from McLoughlin Bay. 1913, August Canadian Royal Commission known as the McKenna-McBride Commission visits Bella Bella. 1975 The Canadian National Film Board (NFB) documentary \"Bella Bella\" 1993 'Qatuwas Canoe Festival In 1993 the Heiltsuk hosted an ocean-going canoe festival at Bella Bella. Called 'Qatuwas – the event was an important milestone in the ongoing renaissance in Northwest Coast Ocean-going canoes. Some 25 canoes from First Nations up and down the coast paddled to Bella Bella for a week-long cultural sharing event. 1997 R. v. Gladstone The Supreme Court of Canada recognized the Heiltsuk have","title":"Bella Bella, British Columbia"},{"psg_id":"20664947","text":"honesty in paying out on bets two years after the race had finished. Her biographer, Carl Chinn, considers it likely that the business was frequently paying the police to avoid prosecution. Thomason died in Bolton in 1959. Bella Thomasson Ann \"Bella\" Thomason or Ann Arabella Thomason; Bella Thomasson (1874 – 11 November 1959) was a British bookmaker who created a model betting shop in Bolton. Her business was successful, innovative and illegal \"Bella\" Thomason was born in 1874 in Nether Hallam in Yorkshire. She married Stephen Thomason who was a labourer in an ironworks where he supplemented his income by","title":"Bella Thomasson"},{"psg_id":"11376301","text":"Bella Paola Bella Paola (foaled 1955) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse who won several major races in France and Britain including the classic 1,000 Guineas and Epsom Oaks in 1957. Bella Paola was a big, powerful brown filly, standing 16.3 hands high, bred by her owner François Dupré. Although she was foaled in France her ancestry was predominantly German: she was sired by Ticino, who won the Deutsches Derby and three renewals of the Grosser Preis von Berlin. She was sent into training with François Mathet at Chantilly In 1957, Bella Paola finished third in the Prix Yacowlef on he","title":"Bella Paola"},{"psg_id":"14624751","text":"the top division of Argentine rugby league system. Regatas returned to the top division (then \"Grupo I\") after defeating San Albano by 20–15 on November, 2012. Club de Regatas Bella Vista Club de Regatas Bella Vista is an Argentine sports club from the Bella Vista district of Greater Buenos Aires. Founded in 1895 as a rowing club, Regatas later developed other sports activities, such as rugby union, field hockey, football and tennis. The rugby team currently plays at the Top 12, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system. On the other hand, the hockey","title":"Club de Regatas Bella Vista"},{"psg_id":"18011295","text":"meet-up convention with her close friend/girlfriend and YouTuber Tana Mongeau, which was later canceled. She has also been working with artist COM3T and sells merchandise with him. Bella Thorne discography American actress and singer Bella Thorne has released two extended plays, seven singles, four featured single, four promotional singles, and thirteen music videos. Thorne's first single, \"Watch Me\", featuring Zendaya was released on June 21, 2011 and reached number 86 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts and number nine on the US Top Heatseekers charts, and was certified gold by RIAA in 2013. Her second single, \"TTYLXOX\", was released","title":"Bella Thorne discography"},{"psg_id":"9397020","text":"and Jacob admits that he has romantic feelings for Bella, though she does not reciprocate them. When a vampire named Laurent tries to attack her, Bella is saved by a pack of wolves. Later, Bella learns that Jacob and other tribe members are shape shifters who phase into wolf form to protect humans from vampires. Bella also discovers that the vampire, Victoria, has returned to Forks, seeking to kill Bella to avenge her mate, James' death. To hear Edward's voice, Bella attempts cliff jumping and nearly drowns, but she is saved by Jacob. Edward, after mistakenly being informed that Bella","title":"Bella Swan"},{"psg_id":"2658316","text":"she was named one of \"Time\" magazine's 50 Women Who Made American Political History. In 2018, The Wing named a meeting room at their Washington D.C. location after Bella Abzug, calling it \"The Office of Bella Azbug, Battle Leader\". The video \"Bella Abzug: In Her Own Words\" was produced by Progressive Source Communications for the Bella Abzug Leadership Institute. Bella Abzug Bella Savitzky Abzug (July 24, 1920 – March 31, 1998), nicknamed \"Battling Bella\", was an American lawyer, U.S. Representative, social activist and a leader of the Women's Movement. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem,","title":"Bella Abzug"},{"psg_id":"10833122","text":"loneliness, sexual passion and human frailty, alienation and fear just as the \"Twilight\" books do. But they do so by engaging us with complexities of feeling and subtleties of character, expressed in language that rises above banal mediocrity. Their reward is something more than just an escape into banal mediocrity. We deserve something better to get hooked on.\" The books have also been widely critiqued as promoting, normalizing, and idealizing an emotionally and physically abusive relationship. Sci-fi website io9 noted that Bella and Edward's relationship meets all fifteen criteria set by the National Domestic Violence Hotline for being in an","title":"Twilight (novel series)"},{"psg_id":"13596682","text":"Doña Bella Doña Bella is a 2010 Spanish language remake of the original 1986 Brazilian production titled , commissioned and produced by Telefutura. The latter series was derived from various Brazilian novels centered on the life of historical persona . The series aired weeknights at 8pm central on Telefutura since April 25, 2011. It ended its run on September 19, 2011 with 97 episodes. The opening theme song is \"Bella\" by Carlos Aguera y Mariatta. The telenovela incorporates themes of forbidden love, betrayal and revenge, as well as personal sacrifice and perseverance. Bella Cepeda is a beautiful young woman who","title":"Doña Bella"},{"psg_id":"15042526","text":"years, in order to earn the money he needed to buy instruments for his own band Empire Bakuba. With Kalle as a replacement for Emile, Bella Bella managed to keep their leading position in the soukous scene, with hits like \"Mbuta\", \"Kamale\", \"Kimbundi\", \"Lipua Lipua\" and \"Sola\". In 1973 Emile quit Bella Mambo and rejoined his brother in Bella Bella. In the same year, the Soki brothers created their own recording label, Allez-y frères Soki, which released two major hits of their career, \"Bienvenue Doudou\" and \"Sentina\". Both were written with the contribution of Dizzy Mandjeku. These two singles were","title":"Orchestre Bella Bella"},{"psg_id":"3532566","text":"Ivan Bella Ivan Bella (born 25 May 1964 in Brezno, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia)) is a Slovak Air Force officer who became the first Slovak citizen to fly in space. He participated in an eight-day joint Russian-French-Slovak mission to the Mir space station in 1999. Bella began training as a \"research cosmonaut\" on 25 March 1998. He completed his training successfully at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in August of the same year. Bella launched along with mission commander Viktor Afanasyev and flight engineer Jean-Pierre Haigneré on the Soyuz TM-29 mission on 20 February 1999. TM-29 arrived at Mir on 22","title":"Ivan Bella"},{"psg_id":"2805947","text":"and evening twilight becomes nighttime. When the Sun again reaches 18° below the horizon, nighttime becomes morning twilight. Owing to its distinctive quality, primarily the absence of shadows and the appearance of objects silhouetted against the lit sky, twilight has long been popular with photographers, who sometimes refer to it as \"sweet light\", and painters, who often refer to it as the blue hour, after the French expression \"l'heure bleue\". Twilight should not be confused with auroras, which can have a similar appearance in the night sky at high latitudes. By analogy with evening twilight, the word \"twilight\" is also","title":"Twilight"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9397044\",\n \"text\": \"and discovers her worth \\\"by giving up her identity and throwing away nearly everything in life that matters.\\\" Bella Swan was often compared to Katniss Everdeen on the publication of \\\"The Hunger Games\\\". Bella Swan Isabella Marie \\\"Bella\\\" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is a character and the protagonist of the \\\"Twilight\\\" series, written by Stephenie Meyer. The \\\"Twilight\\\" series, consisting of the novels \\\"Twilight\\\", \\\"New Moon\\\", \\\"Eclipse\\\", and \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\", is primarily narrated from Bella's point of view, but partway through \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\" it is written from the point of view of Jacob Black. In the film series, Bella is\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Swan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9397016\",\n \"text\": \"daughter... Isabella.\\\" Bella's positive reception at her new school in Forks, particularly her popularity with male characters, was modelled after Meyer's real life move from high school to college. Meyer has said that there are similarities between Bella and the title character of Charlotte Brontë's \\\"Jane Eyre\\\", a novel which she has cited as an influence on the \\\"Twilight\\\" series. Bella, who first appears in \\\"Twilight\\\", is a 17-year-old girl, who moves out from her mother's home in Phoenix, Arizona, to live with her father, Charlie Swan, a police chief, in her birthplace of Forks, Washington. There, she is enrolled\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Swan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833097\",\n \"text\": \"of Forks, Washington, where Bella and her father, Charlie Swan, live. Other cities in Washington briefly appear in the series or are mentioned, such as Port Angeles, Olympia, Seattle and La Push. Some events in \\\"Twilight\\\" take place in Phoenix, Arizona, where Bella was raised. Volterra, Italy, is featured in \\\"New Moon\\\", when Edward travels there to commit suicide and Bella rushes to save him. Jacksonville, Florida, is mentioned first in \\\"Twilight\\\" and second in \\\"Eclipse\\\", when Edward and Bella visit Bella's mother, who has moved there with her new husband. Seattle, Washington, is featured in \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\" when Jacob\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9397024\",\n \"text\": \"the vampire Victoria, who first encountered Bella and the Cullens during the first novel, \\\"Twilight\\\". Victoria, seeking to avenge her lover, James' death, hunts Bella while building a new vampire army. To combat this threat, a reluctant truce is struck between the Cullen family, and the shape shifting wolf pack led by Sam Uley and Jacob Black, who pits himself against Edward as a love interest for Bella. Bella considers Jacob only as a friend, but despite her engagement to Edward, she shares a kiss with him, and realizes that she loves him, too, but loves Edward more. Bella acknowledges\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Swan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12570891\",\n \"text\": \"with a \\\"Love Theme\\\" for Bella and Edward's relationship, a variation of which became \\\"Bella's Lullaby\\\" that Robert Pattinson plays in the film and that is included on the \\\"Twilight Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\\\". The original theme is featured throughout the film, and serves to \\\"play the romance that drives the story\\\". Another theme Burwell composed was a \\\"Predator Theme\\\", which opens the film, and is intended to play Edward's vampire nature. Other themes include a bass-line, drum beat and distorted guitar sound for the nomadic vampires, and a melody for the Cullen family. \\\"Twilight: The Score\\\" was released digitally\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9397035\",\n \"text\": \"which she said smells like rust and salt in Twilight, though it changes after she became a vampire. Bella is also shown in Breaking Dawn, to have a good mood climate, and is able to run away from the smell of human blood when she goes on her first hunting trip as a vampire. Bella has a sarcastic sense of humor, especially when she gets mad; Bella is almost always a very soft and forgiving person who is hard to anger. She is easily scared but can be surprisingly very brave, able to block painful thoughts and memories (hence her\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Swan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7401834\",\n \"text\": \"Stephenie Meyer announced a new gender-swapped version of the novel, entitled \\\",\\\" with characters Beau and Edythe, in honor of the 10th anniversary of the Twilight saga. Bella Swan is a seventeen-year-old misfit, who moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington on the Olympic Peninsula to live with her father, Charlie. Her mother, Renée is traveling with her new husband, Phil Dwyer, a minor league baseball player. Bella is admitted to Forks High School, where she befriends many of the students. A somewhat inexperienced and shy girl, Bella is dismayed by several boys competing for her attention. As Bella walks\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (Meyer novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833098\",\n \"text\": \"tries to escape his love for Bella, and when Bella tries to locate a man named J. Jenks. It is also the location of a series of murders committed by newborn vampires in \\\"Eclipse\\\". In \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\", Bella and Edward spend their honeymoon on a fictional \\\"Isle Esme\\\", purportedly off the coast of Brazil. The \\\"Twilight\\\" series falls under the genre of young adult, fantasy, and romance, though Meyer categorized her first book, \\\"Twilight\\\", as \\\"suspense romance horror comedy\\\". However, she states that she considers her books as \\\"romance more than anything else\\\". The series explores the unorthodox romance between\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7401832\",\n \"text\": \"Twilight (Meyer novel) Twilight (stylized as twilight) is a 2005 young adult vampire-romance novel by author Stephenie Meyer. It is the first book in the \\\"Twilight\\\" series, and introduces seventeen-year-old Isabella \\\"Bella\\\" Swan, who moves from Phoenix, Arizona to Forks, Washington. She is endangered after falling in love with Edward Cullen, a vampire. Additional novels in the series are \\\"New Moon\\\", \\\"Eclipse\\\", and \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\". \\\"Twilight\\\" received lukewarm reviews. Some praised the novel's tone and its portrayal of common teenage emotions such as alienation and rebellion. Others criticized Meyer's prose and argued the story was lacking in character development. It\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (Meyer novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16229807\",\n \"text\": \"already started production. Confirmed for the soundtrack in advance were \\\"Heart of Stone\\\" by Iko, which plays when Edward and Bella are talking in the cottage after finding Alice's note and \\\"Where I Come From\\\" by Passion Pit, which will play when Bella wakes up from her transformation. The lead single from the soundtrack is \\\"The Forgotten\\\", performed by the American rock band Green Day. \\\"A Thousand Years, Pt. 2\\\" by the American singer Christina Perri is also featured on the soundtrack album. Carter Burwell, the composer of \\\"Twilight\\\" and \\\"\\\", returned to score the final installment of the series.\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9397014\",\n \"text\": \"On their honeymoon, she becomes pregnant by Edward and, due to the peculiar nature of her baby, Bella nearly dies giving birth to their daughter, Renesmee Cullen. Edward turns Bella into a vampire to save her life. The premise for both the Bella Swan character and the \\\"Twilight\\\" series originated in a dream Stephenie Meyer had in which an \\\"average girl\\\" and a \\\"fantastically beautiful, sparkly ... vampire ... were having an intense conversation in a meadow in the woods.\\\" In this dream, the pair \\\"were discussing the difficulties inherent in the facts that ... they were falling in love\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Swan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12949443\",\n \"text\": \"January 2009, Bella played the South American Youth Championship with the Argentine under-20 national team. In 2012, Bella was called by coach Alejandro Sabella for a senior national team formed solely by local league players, although he did not play any games. Iván Bella Iván Gonzalo Bella (born 13 September 1989) is an Argentine football winger who plays for Arsenal de Sarandí in the Argentine Primera División. Bella made his league debut for Vélez Sársfield on a 0–0 draw against Independiente on 8 June 2008, during the penultimate fixture of that year's Clausura tournament. In 2009, the Argentine winger won\",\n \"title\": \"Iván Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833089\",\n \"text\": \"Twilight (novel series) Twilight is a series of four vampire-themed fantasy romance novels by American author Stephenie Meyer. Released annually from 2005 through 2008, the four books chart the later teen years of Isabella \\\"Bella\\\" Swan, a girl who moves to Forks, Washington, and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named Edward Cullen. The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of \\\"Eclipse\\\" and Part II of \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\" being told from the viewpoint of character Jacob Black, a werewolf. The unpublished \\\"Midnight Sun\\\" is a retelling of the first book, \\\"Twilight\\\", from Edward\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12949440\",\n \"text\": \"Iván Bella Iván Gonzalo Bella (born 13 September 1989) is an Argentine football winger who plays for Arsenal de Sarandí in the Argentine Primera División. Bella made his league debut for Vélez Sársfield on a 0–0 draw against Independiente on 8 June 2008, during the penultimate fixture of that year's Clausura tournament. In 2009, the Argentine winger won with Vélez the 2009 Clausura, although only playing one game (a 1–1 draw against River Plate on the sixth fixture). Bella played 13 games in Vélez' 2010 Apertura runner-up campaign, mainly replacing Augusto Fernández on the right wing when the former was\",\n \"title\": \"Iván Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14406050\",\n \"text\": \"of Twilight begins with a Isabella \\\"Bella\\\" Swan moving to live with her father Charlie Swan, the Chief of Police, in Forks, Washington. When Bella was seated next to Edward Cullen in class on her first day of school, Edward seemed repulsed by her. He disappeared for a few days, but warmed up to Bella upon his return. A few days later, Bella was nearly run over by a classmate's van in the school car-park due to ice, but was saved by Edward when he instantaneously appeared next to her and stops the van with his bare hands. Suspicious, Bella\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight: The Graphic Novel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7401839\",\n \"text\": \"not want Bella to suffer the same fate. Meyer claims that the idea for \\\"Twilight\\\" came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003. She dreamed of a human girl and a vampire who loved her but still wanted her blood. Inspired by her dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what is now Chapter 13 of the book. The first drafts were titled \\\"Forks\\\" instead of \\\"Twilight;\\\" the publisher requested the title change. At first, Meyers didn't name her two main characters. She chose Edward, influenced by Edward Rochester from Charlotte Brontë's \\\"Jane Eyre\\\" and Edward Ferrars from Jane\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (Meyer novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12791189\",\n \"text\": \"choice. Jacob and Edward fight, and Jacob phases. Bella stops their fight and Jacob leaves. The movie concludes with Edward telling Bella that he will change her into a vampire once they are married. In early November 2008, Summit Entertainment announced that they had obtained the rights to the remaining books in Stephenie Meyer's \\\"Twilight\\\" series: \\\"New Moon\\\", \\\"Eclipse\\\", and \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\". On November 22, 2008, one day after the theatrical release of \\\"Twilight\\\", Summit confirmed that they would begin working on \\\"New Moon\\\". \\\"I don't think any other author has had a more positive experience with the makers of\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga: New Moon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14406049\",\n \"text\": \"Twilight: The Graphic Novel Twilight: The Graphic Novel is a 2 part comic book miniseries by Young Kim, an adaptation of the first thirteen chapters of \\\"Twilight\\\" by Stephenie Meyer. Volume 2 was released on October 11, 2011. On October 2012 Volume 1 and Volume 2 were put into one book for a collectors edition that included extras in the back of the book about 5 of the characters (Carlisle Cullen, Edward Cullen, Bella Swan, Jacob Black, and Esme Cullen. On April 23, 2013 volume one of the \\\"\\\" (the second book in the Twilight Series) came out. The story\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight: The Graphic Novel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9397030\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Cullen. As for distinguishing features, Bella has a small crescent-shaped scar on her hand where she was bitten by James, a tracker vampire, in \\\"Twilight\\\". The scar is described as being pale, always a few degrees colder than the rest of her body, and it shines like a vampire's skin when exposed to the sunlight. After Bella is changed into a vampire by Edward, she becomes extremely beautiful with even paler skin, straight waist-length hair, and crimson red eyes that will eventually turn gold after months of drinking animal blood. Her features are also heightened and perfected by the\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Swan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15051702\",\n \"text\": \"until 30 June 2013) for €103,000. In July 2013 Barletta announced that Di Bella would remain with the club for another season. Fabrizio Di Bella Fabrizio Di Bella (born 2 March 1988) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Vigor Lamezia, an Italian team of Lamezia Terme. Di Bella was signed by A.S. Livorno Calcio in August 2008; he was loaned back to Potenza for a season. He made his Livorno debut on 18 September 2010, in a 0–0 draw at home to Portogruaro. In 2012, he joined Barletta. Although the deal was initially announced as a\",\n \"title\": \"Fabrizio Di Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14016876\",\n \"text\": \"to 10-week period, and was recorded and mixed in about 2 weeks in late September 2008. Burwell began the score with a \\\"Love Theme\\\" for Bella and Edward's relationship, a variation of which became \\\"Bella's Lullaby\\\" that Robert Pattinson plays in the film, and that is included on the \\\"Twilight Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\\\". The original theme is featured throughout the film, and serves to \\\"play the romance that drives the story\\\". Another theme Burwell composed was a \\\"Predator Theme\\\", which opens the film, and is intended to play Edward's vampire nature. Other themes include a bass-line, drum beat and\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833109\",\n \"text\": \"final novel to be told from Bella Swan's perspective. In 2008 and 2009, the four books of the series claimed the top four spots on \\\"USA Today\\\"'s year-end bestseller list, making Meyer the first author to ever achieve this feat. The series then won the 2009 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book, where it competed against the \\\"Harry Potter\\\" series. Meyer originally planned to write a companion book to \\\"Twilight\\\" called \\\"Midnight Sun\\\", which would be the story of \\\"Twilight\\\" told from Edward Cullen's point-of-view. She stated that \\\"Twilight\\\" was the only book that she planned to rewrite from Edward's\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11956926\",\n \"text\": \"on shows such as Castle and \\\"The Following\\\". Bella is currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Robert Bella Robert Bella (born 1963) is an American filmmaker, best known for the indie comedy \\\"Colin Fitz Lives!\\\" Bella has also worked on over 100 plays as an actor, director, producer and writer. He is a co-author of \\\"Training of the American Actor\\\" and he wrote the stage adaptation of the film \\\"Stand and Deliver\\\". Bella was born in Brooklyn, New York. He received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, where he studied\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13933257\",\n \"text\": \"Alberto de la Bella Alberto de la Bella Madueño (born 2 December 1985) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for UD Las Palmas as a left back. Born in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Catalonia, de la Bella started his career at local UDA Gramenet. Other than with this club, he only played for B-teams in various parts of the country in four seasons, on loan and after being released (in 2008–09, he played with Sevilla FC's reserves in Segunda División, being relegated). In the summer of 2009, de la Bella signed with Real Sociedad in the same level,\",\n \"title\": \"Alberto de la Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14016874\",\n \"text\": \"married and Bella becomes pregnant. They deal with her struggle of being pregnant and nearly dying because of her half-human, half-vampire child. The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 2 was directed by Bill Condon, and author Stephenie Meyer co-produced the film along with Karen Rosenfelt and Wyck Godfrey, with Melissa Rosenberg penning the script. The book's plot was split into two films, the first of which was released on November 18, 2011. The second was released on November 16, 2012. The second part of Breaking Dawn saw the climax of Bella and Edward's relationship. Bella must learn, as a newly\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15051701\",\n \"text\": \"Fabrizio Di Bella Fabrizio Di Bella (born 2 March 1988) is an Italian footballer who plays as a defender for Vigor Lamezia, an Italian team of Lamezia Terme. Di Bella was signed by A.S. Livorno Calcio in August 2008; he was loaned back to Potenza for a season. He made his Livorno debut on 18 September 2010, in a 0–0 draw at home to Portogruaro. In 2012, he joined Barletta. Although the deal was initially announced as a temporary deal, Livorno announced in their financial report that the club wrote down the residual value of Di Bella's contract (which lasted\",\n \"title\": \"Fabrizio Di Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833111\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Midnight Sun\\\", and so it is on hold indefinitely. Though she has no current plans to do so, Meyer has also stated that if she were to continue writing in the same universe she would write from the perspective of either Leah Clearwater or Bella and Edward's daughter, Renesmee Cullen. On March 16, 2010 Yen Press released \\\"Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 1\\\", by artist Young Kim based on the first book in the series. In February 2011, the graphic novel won the 2010 Gem Awards Best Manga of the Year. The sequel, \\\"Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 2\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12791182\",\n \"text\": \"beating \\\"Twilight\\\"s 3.8 million units sold in its first two days. The film was well received by fans, but received generally negative reviews from critics. On her eighteenth birthday, Bella Swan wakes up from a dream, in which she sees herself as an old woman. She expresses her distaste about growing older than her boyfriend, Edward Cullen, a vampire, whose condition caused him to stop aging physically at seventeen. Despite her lack of enthusiasm, Edward's family host Bella a birthday party. While unwrapping a gift, Bella receives a paper cut. Edward's brother, Jasper, becomes overwhelmed by the scent of Bella's\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga: New Moon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833123\",\n \"text\": \"abusive relationship. L. Lee Butler of Young Adult Library Services Association commented how he was unusually hesitant to stock the \\\"Twilight\\\" books in his library because he felt the books were \\\"robbing [teen girls] of agency and normalizing stalking and abusive behavior.\\\" Many female-oriented and feminist media outlets, like Jezebel, The Frisky, and Salon.com have decried \\\"Twilight\\\" as promoting an anti-woman message. \\\"Bitch\\\" magazine stated the novels \\\"had created a new, popular genre of \\\"abstinence porn\\\", concluding that, \\\"In reality, the abstinence message—wrapped in the genre of abstinence porn—objectifies Bella in the same ways that 'real' porn might. The \\\"Twilight\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10321554\",\n \"text\": \"Twilight Struggle Twilight Struggle: The Cold War, 1945–1989 is a card-driven strategy game for two players, with its theme taken from the Cold War. One player plays the United States (US), and the other plays the Soviet Union (USSR). The game takes its title from John F. Kennedy's inaugural address: Now the trumpet summons us again, not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are – but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle... \\\"Twilight Struggle\\\" was the highest-ranked game on BoardGameGeek from December\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight Struggle\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11956922\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Bella Robert Bella (born 1963) is an American filmmaker, best known for the indie comedy \\\"Colin Fitz Lives!\\\" Bella has also worked on over 100 plays as an actor, director, producer and writer. He is a co-author of \\\"Training of the American Actor\\\" and he wrote the stage adaptation of the film \\\"Stand and Deliver\\\". Bella was born in Brooklyn, New York. He received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, where he studied acting with Stella Adler, David Mamet and William H. Macy. When he was 23 years old,\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14650906\",\n \"text\": \"the Heiltsuk village of Bella Bella (also known as Waglisla). The name \\\"Bella Bella\\\" was initially applied to the Heiltsuk village located at McLoughlin Bay but when the store (and associated post office) closed the name was transferred to Denny Island, first at the cannery, then to Shearwater on Denny Island, British Columbia, which is now known as Shearwater, was known as Bella Bella Airbase from 1948 to 1952 and though renamed to Shearwater, the Bella Bella post office stayed at that location Today the town \\\"Bella Bella\\\" refers to \\\"New Bella Bella\\\". The post office \\\"Bella Bella\\\" has now\",\n \"title\": \"Old Bella Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15042525\",\n \"text\": \"included guitarists Johnny Roger and Jean Bosco. Emile, who was only 16 when Bella Bella started, became a teen idol of the youth of Kinshasa. Since their early years, the band recorded several hits, such as \\\"Baboti bapekisi\\\", \\\"Sylvie\\\", \\\"Alexandrine\\\", \\\"Mwasi ya moto\\\", \\\"Luta\\\", \\\"Lina\\\", \\\"Mandendeli\\\", \\\"Mbuta\\\", \\\"Bipale ya pembeni\\\", and \\\"Sofele\\\". Around 1972 the band experienced drastic changes in its lineup and internal quarrels, that eventually led to one the Soki brothers, Emile, leaving the band for a while to create a spin-off group called Bella Mambo. In the same period, Pepe Kalle joined Bella Bella for a few\",\n \"title\": \"Orchestre Bella Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833124\",\n \"text\": \"books conflate Bella losing her virginity with the loss of other things, including her sense of self and her very life. Such a high-stakes treatment of abstinence reinforces the idea that Bella is powerless, an object, a fact that is highlighted when we get to the sex scenes in \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\".\\\" \\\"Ms.\\\" declared that \\\"Twilight\\\" promotes a physically abusive relationship and an anti-abortion message. However, writer Angela Aleiss of \\\"Religion News Service\\\" said that contrary to popular opinion, Mormons do permit abortion when the mother's life is in danger. Bella's refusal to abort her fetus, along with her quick marriage\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833092\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Twilight Saga\\\" series of motion pictures by Summit Entertainment. The film adaptations of the first three books were released in 2008, 2009, and 2010 respectively. The fourth book is adapted into two full-length films—the first film being released in November 2011, and the second film in November 2012. Bella Swan moves from Phoenix, Arizona to live with her father in Forks, Washington to allow her mother to travel with her new husband, a minor league baseball player. After moving to Forks, Bella finds herself involuntarily drawn to a mysterious, handsome boy, Edward Cullen and eventually learns that he is\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13745093\",\n \"text\": \"Before Twilight Before Twilight () is a 2008 Polish comedy film drama directed by Jacek Bławut. The film is about a group of old retired theatre actors in a retirement home for actors who aim to regroup and stage Goethe's \\\"Faust\\\". The film stars a number of esteemed veteran Polish actors including Irena Kwiatkowska and Roman Kłosowski, who plays Nostradamus. The film, produced in 2008, was featured at the 2008 Polish Feature Film Festival where it won a Silver Lion award for director Jacek Bławut and picked up several other awards. It was later released theatrically in Poland on 15\",\n \"title\": \"Before Twilight\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9790769\",\n \"text\": \"several new leads tracing who Bella could have been. Other messages in the same hand appeared too. Since at least the 1970s, the graffiti has sporadically appeared on the Hagley Obelisk near to where the woman's body was discovered, which asks the slightly modified \\\"Who put Bella in the Witch Elm?.\\\" An episode of the television programme \\\"Nazi Murder Mysteries\\\" described a forensic facial reconstruction undertaken by the University of Liverpool's \\\"Face Lab\\\", from photographs of the skull. It was commissioned by Andrew Sparke, for his books on the incident. In a Radio 4 programme first broadcast in August 2014,\",\n \"title\": \"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14650905\",\n \"text\": \"until changed to Old Bella Bella when the newer settlement across the strait was renamed Bella Bella after being Waglisla from 1974 to 1993. When the store at McLoughlin Bay closed, the postal service, along with the name \\\"Bella Bella\\\" was transferred, first to a cannery, then to Shearwater, British Columbia. The name \\\"Old Bella Bella\\\" is sometimes applied to both the original village at McLoughlin Bay, to the old post office in the \\\"BC Packers Cannery\\\" (now closed) on Lama Pass, and to Shearwater. For many years Shearwater used the name \\\"Bella Bella\\\" until it was recently transferred to\",\n \"title\": \"Old Bella Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4657179\",\n \"text\": \"from the south coast. \\\"...to the Heiltsuk, Bella Bella forms a national capital of sorts to an unceded traditional territory of 16,658 square kilometres.\\\" Founded between 1897 and 1903, Bella Bella is located on Campbell Island. Originally styled New Bella Bella to distinguish it from \\\"Bella Bella\\\", the community's official post office name for some time was Waglisla, meaning \\\"river on the beach\\\" in the Heiltsuk language. Old Bella Bella, the Heiltsuk village site that is located south of the current village was known as Bella Bella. As it grew, a post office was located in the store. When the\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella, British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833126\",\n \"text\": \"also added, \\\"Just because [Bella] doesn't do kung fu and she cooks for her father doesn't make her worthy of that criticism\\\". Shannon Simcox of \\\"The Daily Collegian\\\" has similarly dismissed the criticism surrounding Bella, commenting, \\\"While Bella plays the perfect damsel in distress that gets herself into sticky situations, she is also very in control of herself. She chose to move to Forks and be in a new place; she constantly faces a bunch of people who want to suck the life right out of her, and she is constantly pleading to become a vampire, too, so she can\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9538537\",\n \"text\": \"Bella and Samuel Spewack Samuel (September 16, 1899 – October 14, 1971) and Bella Spewack (March 25, 1899 – April 27, 1990) were a husband-and-wife writing team. Samuel, who also directed many of their plays, was born in Ukraine. He attended Stuyvesant High School in New York City and then received his degree from Columbia College. His wife, the oldest of three children of a single mother, was born Bella Cohen in Bucharest, Romania and with her family emigrated to the Lower East Side of Manhattan when she was a child. After graduation from Washington Irving High School, she worked\",\n \"title\": \"Bella and Samuel Spewack\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9790775\",\n \"text\": \"support the story. Who put Bella in the Wych Elm? Who put Bella in the Wych Elm? is graffiti which first appeared in 1944 following the 1943 discovery of the skeletonised remains of a woman by four children inside a wych elm in Hagley Wood, Hagley (located in the estate of Hagley Hall), in Worcestershire, England. The victim—whose murder is approximated to have occurred in 1941—remains unidentified, and the current location of her skeleton and autopsy report is unknown. On 18 April 1943, four local boys (Robert Hart, Thomas Willetts, Bob Farmer and Fred Payne) were poaching or bird–nesting in\",\n \"title\": \"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9790764\",\n \"text\": \"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm? Who put Bella in the Wych Elm? is graffiti which first appeared in 1944 following the 1943 discovery of the skeletonised remains of a woman by four children inside a wych elm in Hagley Wood, Hagley (located in the estate of Hagley Hall), in Worcestershire, England. The victim—whose murder is approximated to have occurred in 1941—remains unidentified, and the current location of her skeleton and autopsy report is unknown. On 18 April 1943, four local boys (Robert Hart, Thomas Willetts, Bob Farmer and Fred Payne) were poaching or bird–nesting in Hagley Wood, part\",\n \"title\": \"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4361561\",\n \"text\": \"who handed her, her gang and Prowler over to the police. Bella Donna Boudreaux is a fictional character from the Marvel Comics universe who first appeared in \\\"\\\" vol. 2 #8. She was created by Jim Lee and Scott Lobdell. Belladonna plays a major role in the first \\\"Rogue\\\" mini-series. Young street-thief Remy LeBeau met Bella Donna Boudreaux when they were only children, and the pair soon became friends. Unbeknownst to them both, they came from rival Guilds (those of Thieves and Assassins, respectively). As they grew up and the rivalry between the Guilds increased, their fathers arranged for a\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Donna (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14016872\",\n \"text\": \"and the rest of the wolves form a temporary alliance to destroy her to keep Bella safe. Bella visits Jacob after he gets hurt, but she decides to marry Edward. The film was released theatrically starting on June 30, 2010, and is the first \\\"Twilight\\\" film to be released in IMAX. It set a new record for biggest midnight opening in domestic (United States and Canada) in box office history, grossing an estimated $30 million in over 4,000 theaters. The previous record holder was the previous film in the series, \\\"\\\" with $26.3 million in 3,514 theaters. The film then\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18011293\",\n \"text\": \"Bella Thorne discography American actress and singer Bella Thorne has released two extended plays, seven singles, four featured single, four promotional singles, and thirteen music videos. Thorne's first single, \\\"Watch Me\\\", featuring Zendaya was released on June 21, 2011 and reached number 86 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 charts and number nine on the US Top Heatseekers charts, and was certified gold by RIAA in 2013. Her second single, \\\"TTYLXOX\\\", was released on March 6, 2012, reaching number 97 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100. In March 2013, Bella Thorne announced she had signed to Hollywood Records, and began working\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Thorne discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4657187\",\n \"text\": \"the Heiltsuk were able to have the name Bella Bella returned to the postal service in the community. The name was changed in 2007. As a result of this history – the name Bella Bella can be seen in four different locations in the Central Coast maps – depending on when they were created and how up to date they are. 1897–1903 The Heiltsuk move their community from McLoughlin Bay (Qelc or Old Bella Bella) to the site of the present-day village of Bella Bella, BC. 1903 By 1903 New Bella Bella, now just known Bella Bella (aka Waglisla) was\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella, British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4657182\",\n \"text\": \"in Bella Bella include a large general store, the Bella Bella Community School, Alexa's restaurant, the Koeye Cafe, the Thistalalh Memorial Library, an RCMP police station (with a circuit court every 1.5 months), the Bella Bella Medical Clinic, staffed by 3 physicians and a Nurse Practitioner, and R.W. Large Memorial Hospital and its pharmacy. The CIBC bank branch closed in 2007. The village of Bella Bella was previously known as Waglisla to the Canadian Postal Service; the postal address changed to Bella Bella (V0T 1Z0) in October 2007. Bella Bella is a Heiltsuk village situated on Campbell Island, British Columbia.\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella, British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4657178\",\n \"text\": \"Bella Bella, British Columbia Bella Bella, also known as Waglisla, is the home of the Heiltsuk and is an unincorporated community and Indian Reserve community located within Bella Bella Indian Reserve No. 1 on the east coast of Campbell Island in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada. Bella Bella is located north of Port Hardy, on Vancouver Island, and west of Bella Coola. The community is on Lama Passage, part of the Inside Passage – a transportation route linking the area, and northern British Columbia as well as Alaska for marine vessels carrying cargo, passengers and recreational boaters\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella, British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14016873\",\n \"text\": \"scored the biggest Wednesday opening in domestic history with $68,533,840 beating \\\"'s\\\" $62 million. \\\"The Twilight Saga: Eclipse\\\" has also become the film with the widest release ever, playing in over 4,416 theaters. The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn was directed by Bill Condon, and author Stephenie Meyer co-produced the film along with Karen Rosenfelt and Wyck Godfrey, with Melissa Rosenberg penning the script. The book's plot was split into two films, the first of which was released on November 18, 2011. The filming of \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\" began in November 2010. The first part follows Bella and Edward as they get\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13073221\",\n \"text\": \"then scored the biggest Wednesday opening in the United States and Canada history with $68,533,840 beating \\\"\\\"s $62 million. \\\"Eclipse\\\" has also become the film with the widest independent release, playing in over 4,416 theaters, surpassing its predecessor, \\\"The Twilight Saga: New Moon\\\", which held the record since November 2009. In Seattle, not far from Forks, Victoria still seeks vengeance on Bella for James’s death. Learning that Laurent is killed by wolves and to replace him and James, she attacks and bites Riley Biers in order to begin creating an army of newborns, who are many times stronger during their\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga: Eclipse\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15042528\",\n \"text\": \"band, but several longtime members left between the late 1970s and the early 1980s. New entries (including, most notably, Kanda Bongo Man and Diblo Dibala) did not save the band from its decline. Maxime himself finally gave up Bella Bella and relocated in Germany. Orchestre Bella Bella L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Orchestre Bella Bella (also known as Frères Soki & l'Orchestre Bella Bella or simply Bella Bella; sometimes written Bella-Bella) was a prominent DR Congo soukous band that formed in the early 1970s. It was led by the Soki brothers (\\\"Les frères Soki\\\" in French). With Shama Shama and Lipwa Lipwa, it was one\",\n \"title\": \"Orchestre Bella Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9397041\",\n \"text\": \"brown eye color as described in the books. Bella has received a generally negative reception from critics. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" states that, after her transformation into a vampire, \\\"it's almost impossible to identify with her\\\" in \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\". Lilah Lohr of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\" compares Bella's character to the story of the Quileute wolves and describes it as \\\"less satisfying.\\\" During \\\"Twilight\\\", Kirkus Reviews stated that \\\"Bella's appeal is based on magic rather than character\\\", but that her and Edward's \\\"portrayal of dangerous lovers hits the spot\\\". In the review of \\\"New Moon\\\", \\\"Kirkus Reviews\\\" said that Bella's personality was \\\"flat\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Swan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14650908\",\n \"text\": \"Columbia. Old Bella Bella Old Bella Bella, also known as Old Towns or Qlts, was the name for the Heiltsuk village that grew up around the Hudson's Bay Company's historic Fort McLoughlin, at McLoughlin Bay on Campbell Island. The village relocated to the present site of Bella Bella, British Columbia by 1903. Today the Heiltsuk control the site, which houses a BC Ferries terminal, fish plant, and two houses, as well as archaeological remains of the old village. Located on Campbell Island opposite the modern town now carrying the name Shearwater, the village grew and the Hudson's Bay Company closed\",\n \"title\": \"Old Bella Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14650901\",\n \"text\": \"Old Bella Bella Old Bella Bella, also known as Old Towns or Qlts, was the name for the Heiltsuk village that grew up around the Hudson's Bay Company's historic Fort McLoughlin, at McLoughlin Bay on Campbell Island. The village relocated to the present site of Bella Bella, British Columbia by 1903. Today the Heiltsuk control the site, which houses a BC Ferries terminal, fish plant, and two houses, as well as archaeological remains of the old village. Located on Campbell Island opposite the modern town now carrying the name Shearwater, the village grew and the Hudson's Bay Company closed the\",\n \"title\": \"Old Bella Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9064585\",\n \"text\": \"islands; her request being turned down, she established herself on the banks of Lake Como at Cernobbio in the Villa d’Este. A conference of high representatives of Italy, France and the United Kingdom was held in the palace at Isola Bella in April 1935, resulting in the agreement known as the Stresa Front. Isola Bella is a popular tourist attraction, with a regular ferry service from Stresa, Laveno, Pallanza and Intra. It plays host to the annual Stresa music festival. Isola Bella (Lago Maggiore) Isola Bella (\\\"lit.\\\" 'beautiful island') is one of the Borromean Islands of Lago Maggiore in north\",\n \"title\": \"Isola Bella (Lago Maggiore)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15042524\",\n \"text\": \"Orchestre Bella Bella L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Orchestre Bella Bella (also known as Frères Soki & l'Orchestre Bella Bella or simply Bella Bella; sometimes written Bella-Bella) was a prominent DR Congo soukous band that formed in the early 1970s. It was led by the Soki brothers (\\\"Les frères Soki\\\" in French). With Shama Shama and Lipwa Lipwa, it was one of the bands that popularized a smoother, softer style in the soukous scene. The band was a starting ground for many successful musicians, including Nyboma and Pepe Kalle. The band was founded in 1969 by the Soki brothers, Maxim and Emile Soki. Its lineup\",\n \"title\": \"Orchestre Bella Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9790770\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Punt suggested two possible victims. One possible victim was reported to the police in 1944 by a Birmingham prostitute. In the report, she stated that another prostitute called Bella, who worked on the Hagley Road, had disappeared about three years previously. The name “Bella” (or “Luebella”) suggested the graffiti artist was probably aware of the identity of the victim or of the killer. A second possibility came from a statement made to police in 1953 by Una Mossop, in which she said that her ex-husband Jack Mossop had confessed to family members that he and a Dutchman called van\",\n \"title\": \"Who put Bella in the Wych Elm?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10836549\",\n \"text\": \"Agua Bella Agua Bella is a female technocumbia music group from Peru. Agua Bella was created in 1999 by music entrepreneur José Castillo, with the idea to merge the technocumbia music with top female voices and beauty. After castings to hire singers and dancers, the original band was composed by singers Evelyn Campos and Yolanda Medina with some non-regular dancers. Their first CD, \\\"Cariño Loco\\\", was a success. Since then, Castillo has worked to keep the band between five and six members between singers and dancers. In 2004, after ten CDs and hundreds of live plays and television appearances, it\",\n \"title\": \"Agua Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14650907\",\n \"text\": \"been returned to Campbell Island and the Heiltsuk village. There are a number of resorts and hotels that are located on Denny Island such as the Shearwater Resort, the Denny Island B&B and the Whiskey Cove B&B. Most of Bella Bella's residents live on Campbell Island (New Bella Bella) but some employees of the Shearwater Resort still live on Denny Island. The site now contains a fish processing plant and BC Ferries terminal - McLoughlin Bay, which includes a 'roll-on-roll-off' ramp allowing vehicles access. In addition are several houses, a paved road connecting to the village of Bella Bella, British\",\n \"title\": \"Old Bella Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12169622\",\n \"text\": \"storeroom. That night her stepsister Alice helps her escape. Bella warns Julian in time to save him, but couldn't prevent the battle. Instead she plays the part of the Worthy Knight, stopping the war forever. She is gravely wounded, but rescued by Prince Julian, who takes her back to her adoptive family and asks for her hand in marriage. She accepts. Prince Julian is the fourth son of King Raymond. He was given to Beatrice until he was three, when he went to live with his uncle, but frequently returns to visit. He is instantly taken with Bella when introduced,\",\n \"title\": \"Bella at Midnight\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4657190\",\n \"text\": \"2015 Potlatch in Bella Bella to ratify the Heiltsuk-Haida Peace treaty, a formal agreement that builds on the peace treaty of 1852 that ended the war between the two Nations. The 13-million-year-old mafic dike swarms in the Bella Bella area were formed by the Anahim hotspot when this part of North America was directly overhead. The dikes are believed to mark the first arrival of the hotspot, although it is now located in central British Columbia at Nazko Cone. Bella Bella, British Columbia Bella Bella, also known as Waglisla, is the home of the Heiltsuk and is an unincorporated community\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella, British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4657180\",\n \"text\": \"Heiltsuk relocated their settlement to the north, the post office, and the name Bella Bella, moved – first to the store in the BC Packers Cannery, then to the village of Shearwater. The post office name was retained while moving location several times. This is a source of confusion and the reason 'Bella Bella' sometimes appears on Denny Island rather than Campbell Island on some Provincial maps. The Hudson's Bay Company's Fort McLoughlin was near the same location, which is on McLoughlin Bay. With a population of 1,400, Bella Bella is the largest community to be found on the Central\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella, British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14624748\",\n \"text\": \"Club de Regatas Bella Vista Club de Regatas Bella Vista is an Argentine sports club from the Bella Vista district of Greater Buenos Aires. Founded in 1895 as a rowing club, Regatas later developed other sports activities, such as rugby union, field hockey, football and tennis. The rugby team currently plays at the Top 12, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system. On the other hand, the hockey sections compete in tournaments organised by the Buenos Aires Hockey Association (AHBA). Club de Regatas Bella Vista was founded on February 14, 1895, by former members\",\n \"title\": \"Club de Regatas Bella Vista\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4657181\",\n \"text\": \"Coast north of Queen Charlotte Strait. It is home to the Heiltsuk First Nation. Like many small communities on the coast, such as nearby Ocean Falls, Bella Bella has had a precarious and isolated existence. The closing of coastal cannery towns and decreased need for coastal shipping reduced the importance of Bella Bella's port. However, the resumption of ferry services by BC Ferries and the introduction of an air link from Vancouver via Port Hardy by Pacific Coastal Airlines have revived Bella Bella. There are scheduled flights from Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport onward to Klemtu and Ocean Falls. Services\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella, British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8716953\",\n \"text\": \"week. José walks back to the restaurant and reconciles with Manny. Several years later, José is playing on a beach with a young girl. When Nina arrives she meets for the first time her daughter, Bella, who is revealed to have been adopted by José. The girls exchange gifts: Nina gives Bella the teddy bear given to her by her father, while Bella hands Nina a seashell. Afterwards, José and the girls stroll down the beach together. \\\"Bella\\\" marks the feature directorial debut for Alejandro Gomez Monteverde, who co-wrote its original screenplay with Patrick Million. \\\"Bella\\\" features Manuel Perez, Angelica\",\n \"title\": \"Bella (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11956923\",\n \"text\": \"Bella became an NYU adjunct faculty member. By the time he was 25, he was teaching Master Classes around the world, on subjects such as directing, script analysis, performance technique, on-camera acting and audition skills. Former acting students include: Jessica Alba, Rose Byrne, Heather Burns, Justin Chatwin, Abbie Cornish, Peter Facinelli, Matthew Fox, Bryan Greenberg, Diane Neal, Jason Ritter and Skeet Ulrich. Bella became one of the founding members the Atlantic Theater Company, where he served as the Managing Director, Associate Artistic Director and Executive Director of the Atlantic Acting School. His experience producing and directing numerous Off-Broadway plays ultimately\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19593626\",\n \"text\": \"and the Cullens manage to convince the wolves to believe the truth after a brief talk with tribal elder Bonnie Black. When the wind blows Bonnie's scent to Beau, he manages to stay in control of himself, much to Edythe and Carine's surprise. With everything resolved, Beau and Edythe begin their unlimited time of \\\"forever\\\". \\\"Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined\\\" received mixed reviews. Common Sense Media gave it a 3 out of 5 and said, \\\"This reimagined Twilight with swapped genders (Bella is Beau, Edward is Edythe) and most of the same content will primarily interest Twi-hards and anyone in\",\n \"title\": \"Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14016852\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Twilight\\\" was in development for approximately three years at Paramount Pictures's MTV Films, during which time a screen adaptation differing significantly from the novel was written. For example, the script transformed Bella into a star athlete. Stephenie Meyer stated that there was some debate in allowing the movie to be made because of the negative or positive outcome of the movie compared to the book, '\\\"They could have put that [earlier] movie out, called it something else, and no one would have known it was Twilight!\\\" The idea of seeing a scene converted correctly, specifically the meadow scene, convinced Meyer\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16876222\",\n \"text\": \"by ballads that feel like a long goodbye to Bella, Edward, and Jacob\\\", and said \\\"As with the other volumes of the series' music, however, this collection provides a surprisingly good showcase for female, indie-ish talent.\\\" Phares concluded, \\\"While \\\"Breaking Dawn\\\" isn't one of the more dynamic \\\"Twilight Saga\\\" soundtracks, it is one of the more emotive ones, and just may help fans get some closure as one of the biggest film franchises of the 2000s and 2010s comes to a close.\\\" The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (soundtrack) The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (Original\",\n \"title\": \"The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9510029\",\n \"text\": \"you the bold and foolish lambs. To you who are intoxicated with riddles, let's go. Who take pleasure in twilight. Whose souls are lured by noise to every treacherous abyss. For you do not feel for a rope like cowards, and where you can guess you hate to calculate. And where others would poison, you dismember. Plays Pretty for Baby Plays Pretty for Baby is the second album by the American punk rock band Nation of Ulysses. Tracks 14-16 on the CD are not on the original album, and are taken from the 7\\\" EP \\\"Birth of the Ulysses Aesthetic\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Plays Pretty for Baby\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13745094\",\n \"text\": \"May 2009. The Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra were invited to perform part of the soundtrack. The idea was to gather an all-star cast of veteran actors, including those who starred in movies or stage plays as early as before World War II. Unfortunately the movie suffered from such a long pre-production phase that many of the actors already cast had passed before the shooting started, with such notable names as Leon Niemczyk, Gustaw Holoubek, Lidia Wysocka, Irena Malkiewicz, Zdzisław Mrożewski. This led to major changes in the script. Before Twilight Before Twilight () is a 2008 Polish comedy film drama directed\",\n \"title\": \"Before Twilight\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11028105\",\n \"text\": \"When Twilight Shadows Deepen \\\"When Twilight Shadows Deepen\\\", unofficially known as \\\"Twilight Shadows\\\" is the University of Massachusetts Amherst's alma mater. It was composed by Fred D. Griggs, a 1913 graduate of the school, and trustee from 1928 until his death on December 22, 1942. \\\"Twilight Shadows\\\" was the 1913 winning entry in the Interclass Singing Contest held at graduation, which began in 1910. According to Joseph B. Cobb, also of the class of 1913, Fred Griggs wrote the winning entries for 1910, 1911, and 1912 as well. The University of Massachusetts Minuteman Marching Band plays \\\"Twilight Shadows\\\" during their\",\n \"title\": \"When Twilight Shadows Deepen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6838913\",\n \"text\": \"Daylight operations only. Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport is located northwest of Bella Bella on Campbell Island. British Columbia, Canada. The airport is connected by paved road to the village of Bella Bella, British Columbia and forms a hub of sorts for the Central Coast, with flights linking to Klemtu, Port Hardy, and Vancouver with additional flights during the summer servicing tourist and commercial operations in the area. Considered a halfway point for small aircraft flying from Seattle, Washington to Alaska, this airport offers a rest and refuel point for many pilots. GPS and NDB\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6838912\",\n \"text\": \"Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport is located northwest of Bella Bella on Campbell Island. British Columbia, Canada. The airport is connected by paved road to the village of Bella Bella, British Columbia and forms a hub of sorts for the Central Coast, with flights linking to Klemtu, Port Hardy, and Vancouver with additional flights during the summer servicing tourist and commercial operations in the area. Considered a halfway point for small aircraft flying from Seattle, Washington to Alaska, this airport offers a rest and refuel point for many pilots. GPS and NDB approaches are available.\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella (Campbell Island) Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3532567\",\n \"text\": \"February. While on board the station Bella performed various scientific experiments as well as experiments involving the possibility of survival of Japanese quails during long flights. Bella spent just over a week in space and returned to earth on 28 February aboard Soyuz TM-28 along with fellow crew member Gennady Padalka. In 2004, Bella was appointed to serve as a military attaché for Slovakia in Moscow, Russia. Ivan Bella Ivan Bella (born 25 May 1964 in Brezno, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia)) is a Slovak Air Force officer who became the first Slovak citizen to fly in space. He participated in an\",\n \"title\": \"Ivan Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8674028\",\n \"text\": \"Journal This Morning\\\". \\\"Twilight Zone\\\" was featured in the FX drama \\\"The Americans\\\", during the second season finale. The song plays during the credits of Team Four Star's abridged version of \\\"\\\". \\\"Twilight Zone\\\" was featured in the 2012 movie \\\"End of Watch\\\". \\\"Twilight Zone\\\" was featured in the \\\"Raid the Arcade\\\" music mix in Ernest Cline's novel, \\\"Armada\\\". NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt Jr. used it as an entrance song whenever possible during the 2013 season. The song was also frequently played as bumper music by paranormal talk radio host Art Bell on his shows. The song plays during the\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight Zone (Golden Earring song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4657188\",\n \"text\": \"fairly well established following the move from McLoughlin Bay. 1913, August Canadian Royal Commission known as the McKenna-McBride Commission visits Bella Bella. 1975 The Canadian National Film Board (NFB) documentary \\\"Bella Bella\\\" 1993 'Qatuwas Canoe Festival In 1993 the Heiltsuk hosted an ocean-going canoe festival at Bella Bella. Called 'Qatuwas – the event was an important milestone in the ongoing renaissance in Northwest Coast Ocean-going canoes. Some 25 canoes from First Nations up and down the coast paddled to Bella Bella for a week-long cultural sharing event. 1997 R. v. Gladstone The Supreme Court of Canada recognized the Heiltsuk have\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Bella, British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20664947\",\n \"text\": \"honesty in paying out on bets two years after the race had finished. Her biographer, Carl Chinn, considers it likely that the business was frequently paying the police to avoid prosecution. Thomason died in Bolton in 1959. Bella Thomasson Ann \\\"Bella\\\" Thomason or Ann Arabella Thomason; Bella Thomasson (1874 – 11 November 1959) was a British bookmaker who created a model betting shop in Bolton. Her business was successful, innovative and illegal \\\"Bella\\\" Thomason was born in 1874 in Nether Hallam in Yorkshire. She married Stephen Thomason who was a labourer in an ironworks where he supplemented his income by\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Thomasson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11376301\",\n \"text\": \"Bella Paola Bella Paola (foaled 1955) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse who won several major races in France and Britain including the classic 1,000 Guineas and Epsom Oaks in 1957. Bella Paola was a big, powerful brown filly, standing 16.3 hands high, bred by her owner François Dupré. Although she was foaled in France her ancestry was predominantly German: she was sired by Ticino, who won the Deutsches Derby and three renewals of the Grosser Preis von Berlin. She was sent into training with François Mathet at Chantilly In 1957, Bella Paola finished third in the Prix Yacowlef on he\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Paola\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14624751\",\n \"text\": \"the top division of Argentine rugby league system. Regatas returned to the top division (then \\\"Grupo I\\\") after defeating San Albano by 20–15 on November, 2012. Club de Regatas Bella Vista Club de Regatas Bella Vista is an Argentine sports club from the Bella Vista district of Greater Buenos Aires. Founded in 1895 as a rowing club, Regatas later developed other sports activities, such as rugby union, field hockey, football and tennis. The rugby team currently plays at the Top 12, the first division of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system. On the other hand, the hockey\",\n \"title\": \"Club de Regatas Bella Vista\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18011295\",\n \"text\": \"meet-up convention with her close friend/girlfriend and YouTuber Tana Mongeau, which was later canceled. She has also been working with artist COM3T and sells merchandise with him. Bella Thorne discography American actress and singer Bella Thorne has released two extended plays, seven singles, four featured single, four promotional singles, and thirteen music videos. Thorne's first single, \\\"Watch Me\\\", featuring Zendaya was released on June 21, 2011 and reached number 86 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 charts and number nine on the US Top Heatseekers charts, and was certified gold by RIAA in 2013. Her second single, \\\"TTYLXOX\\\", was released\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Thorne discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9397020\",\n \"text\": \"and Jacob admits that he has romantic feelings for Bella, though she does not reciprocate them. When a vampire named Laurent tries to attack her, Bella is saved by a pack of wolves. Later, Bella learns that Jacob and other tribe members are shape shifters who phase into wolf form to protect humans from vampires. Bella also discovers that the vampire, Victoria, has returned to Forks, seeking to kill Bella to avenge her mate, James' death. To hear Edward's voice, Bella attempts cliff jumping and nearly drowns, but she is saved by Jacob. Edward, after mistakenly being informed that Bella\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Swan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2658316\",\n \"text\": \"she was named one of \\\"Time\\\" magazine's 50 Women Who Made American Political History. In 2018, The Wing named a meeting room at their Washington D.C. location after Bella Abzug, calling it \\\"The Office of Bella Azbug, Battle Leader\\\". The video \\\"Bella Abzug: In Her Own Words\\\" was produced by Progressive Source Communications for the Bella Abzug Leadership Institute. Bella Abzug Bella Savitzky Abzug (July 24, 1920 – March 31, 1998), nicknamed \\\"Battling Bella\\\", was an American lawyer, U.S. Representative, social activist and a leader of the Women's Movement. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem,\",\n \"title\": \"Bella Abzug\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10833122\",\n \"text\": \"loneliness, sexual passion and human frailty, alienation and fear just as the \\\"Twilight\\\" books do. But they do so by engaging us with complexities of feeling and subtleties of character, expressed in language that rises above banal mediocrity. Their reward is something more than just an escape into banal mediocrity. We deserve something better to get hooked on.\\\" The books have also been widely critiqued as promoting, normalizing, and idealizing an emotionally and physically abusive relationship. Sci-fi website io9 noted that Bella and Edward's relationship meets all fifteen criteria set by the National Domestic Violence Hotline for being in an\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight (novel series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13596682\",\n \"text\": \"Doña Bella Doña Bella is a 2010 Spanish language remake of the original 1986 Brazilian production titled , commissioned and produced by Telefutura. The latter series was derived from various Brazilian novels centered on the life of historical persona . The series aired weeknights at 8pm central on Telefutura since April 25, 2011. It ended its run on September 19, 2011 with 97 episodes. The opening theme song is \\\"Bella\\\" by Carlos Aguera y Mariatta. The telenovela incorporates themes of forbidden love, betrayal and revenge, as well as personal sacrifice and perseverance. Bella Cepeda is a beautiful young woman who\",\n \"title\": \"Doña Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15042526\",\n \"text\": \"years, in order to earn the money he needed to buy instruments for his own band Empire Bakuba. With Kalle as a replacement for Emile, Bella Bella managed to keep their leading position in the soukous scene, with hits like \\\"Mbuta\\\", \\\"Kamale\\\", \\\"Kimbundi\\\", \\\"Lipua Lipua\\\" and \\\"Sola\\\". In 1973 Emile quit Bella Mambo and rejoined his brother in Bella Bella. In the same year, the Soki brothers created their own recording label, Allez-y frères Soki, which released two major hits of their career, \\\"Bienvenue Doudou\\\" and \\\"Sentina\\\". Both were written with the contribution of Dizzy Mandjeku. These two singles were\",\n \"title\": \"Orchestre Bella Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3532566\",\n \"text\": \"Ivan Bella Ivan Bella (born 25 May 1964 in Brezno, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia)) is a Slovak Air Force officer who became the first Slovak citizen to fly in space. He participated in an eight-day joint Russian-French-Slovak mission to the Mir space station in 1999. Bella began training as a \\\"research cosmonaut\\\" on 25 March 1998. He completed his training successfully at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in August of the same year. Bella launched along with mission commander Viktor Afanasyev and flight engineer Jean-Pierre Haigneré on the Soyuz TM-29 mission on 20 February 1999. TM-29 arrived at Mir on 22\",\n \"title\": \"Ivan Bella\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2805947\",\n \"text\": \"and evening twilight becomes nighttime. When the Sun again reaches 18° below the horizon, nighttime becomes morning twilight. Owing to its distinctive quality, primarily the absence of shadows and the appearance of objects silhouetted against the lit sky, twilight has long been popular with photographers, who sometimes refer to it as \\\"sweet light\\\", and painters, who often refer to it as the blue hour, after the French expression \\\"l'heure bleue\\\". Twilight should not be confused with auroras, which can have a similar appearance in the night sky at high latitudes. By analogy with evening twilight, the word \\\"twilight\\\" is also\",\n \"title\": \"Twilight\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["kristen stewart"],"string":"[\n \"kristen stewart\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2182,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where did gettysburg start?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1181019","text":"age 65 or over. Gettysburg, Ohio Gettysburg is a village in Darke County, Ohio, United States. The population was 513 at the 2010 census. Gettysburg was founded by natives of Adams County, Pennsylvania in the late 1820s. When the settlement was platted in 1842, the community was named for Gettysburg, the county seat of Adams County. The community's first church was a congregation of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, established in 1847 or 1848, while the first school was built in 1850. Gettysburg is located at (40.113609, -84.493188). According to the United States Census Bureau, the","title":"Gettysburg, Ohio"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1181019\",\n \"text\": \"age 65 or over. Gettysburg, Ohio Gettysburg is a village in Darke County, Ohio, United States. The population was 513 at the 2010 census. Gettysburg was founded by natives of Adams County, Pennsylvania in the late 1820s. When the settlement was platted in 1842, the community was named for Gettysburg, the county seat of Adams County. The community's first church was a congregation of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, established in 1847 or 1848, while the first school was built in 1850. Gettysburg is located at (40.113609, -84.493188). According to the United States Census Bureau, the\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Ohio\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"5128870","text":"the amount of the federally-owned GNMP land failed in Congress. The Park has been a highly symbolic venue for memorials and remembrance. On November 19, 1963 a parade and ceremony was held in Gettysburg commemorating the centennial of President Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, given less than five months after the Battle of Gettysburg. The actor, Raymond H. Massey, playing the role of President Lincoln arrived by 1860's period steam train at the Gettysburg station. He rode, in the parade as did Lincoln, on horseback to the National cemetery where actor Massey gave the President's famous address (this time for brevity, Edward","title":"Gettysburg National Military Park"},{"psg_id":"17843599","text":"Where Do You Start Where Do You Start is an album by the Brad Mehldau Trio released on the Nonesuch label in 2012. The album received generally favourable reviews with Metacritic giving it a score of 80% from 7 reviews. AllMusic awarded the album 3½ stars and in its review by Matt Collar, states \"Ultimately, \"Where Do You Start\" is an intimate, impressionistic, and probing release that should certainly appeal to longtime fans of Mehldau's nuanced jazz style\". The Guardian's John Fordham observed \"the dynamics and empathy of this ensemble remain pretty irresistible\". On All About Jazz, John Kelman noted","title":"Where Do You Start"},{"psg_id":"9071908","text":"Gettysburg furniture companies Furniture manufacturing grew in Gettysburg, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. After expanding in the early 1900s it remained a strong part of the state's economy until the mid 1900s. In July 1902, \"John M. Warner, John Kimple, Louis Mitzell, Levi Starner, Chas. S. Duncan, Charles Emory and David M. Wolf\" joined to start the Gettysburg Manufacturing Company. The company manufactured eight or more furniture styles (e.g., buffets, sideboards, hall racks and washstands mainly in oak). Following Levi Starner's 1902 death, the remaining owners purchased the company in December 1904. It had become the Gettysburg Furniture Company","title":"Gettysburg furniture companies"},{"psg_id":"7894803","text":"Gettysburg (game) Gettysburg is a board wargame produced by Avalon Hill which re-enacts the American Civil War battle of Gettysburg. \"Gettysburg\" was originally published in 1958, and was the first board wargame based on a historical battle. \"Gettysburg\" has game mechanics similar to Avalon Hill's ground-breaking \"Tactics II\" (1958). In particular, the combat results table favors attacking where one has a local superiority of numbers. Unlike \"Tactics II\", \"Gettysburg\" gives each unit an orientation, and an attacker can improve his odds by attacking a defender from the side or from the rear. The defender, meanwhile, can improve his odds by","title":"Gettysburg (game)"},{"psg_id":"17843600","text":"\"\"Where Do You Start\" isn't so much an alternative as it is further evidence—as if any were needed—of this tremendous trio's ability to take any material—old, new, borrowed or original—and make it firmly its own\". BBC Music reviewer, Martin Longley commented \"\"Where Do You Start\" revives the old Mehldau approach of covering songs from across the decades... Yet Mehldau’s method is so dominant that everything gravitates towards the trio’s signature sound, lending cohesion to a variegated crop... It all points to Mehldau entering a new prime phase in his career, both onstage and in the recording studio\". Where Do You","title":"Where Do You Start"},{"psg_id":"641971","text":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Gettysburg is a borough and the county seat of Adams County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg (1863) and President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address are named for this town. The town hosts visitors to the Gettysburg National Battlefield in the Gettysburg National Military Park. As of the 2010 census, the borough had a population of 7,620 people. 1761: Samuel Gettys, settled at the Shippensburg–Baltimore and Philadelphia–Pittsburgh crossroads with tavern where soldiers and traders came to rest. 1786: The borough boundary was established, with the Dobbin House tavern (est.1776) sitting in the south-west. 1790: A","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"15254322","text":"Gettysburg Air Force Station Gettysburg Air Force Station is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located north of Gettysburg, South Dakota. It was closed in 1968. In late 1951 Air Defense Command selected Gettysburg, South Dakota as one of twenty-eight radar stations built as part of the second segment of the permanent radar surveillance network. Prompted by the start of the Korean War, on July 11, 1950, the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the second segment of the permanent network. Receiving the Defense","title":"Gettysburg Air Force Station"},{"psg_id":"16849709","text":"Gettysburg Spring Railroad The Gettysburg Spring Railroad (Springs Horse Railway) was a Gettysburg Battlefield tourist conveyance in the Battle of Gettysburg, First Day, area. The trolley extended from the western terminus on the east side of Herr Ridge at the Gettysburg Springs Hotel eastward to the Gettysburg borough after crossing Willoughby Run, McPherson Ridge, Pitzer Run, Seminary Ridge, Stevens Run (stone bridge), to the slopes of Baltimore Hill where it turned northward at the borough square to end at the Gettysburg Railroad Station. In addition to a stop at the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, by 1879 the horse railroad","title":"Gettysburg Spring Railroad"},{"psg_id":"13504327","text":"the nearby Rock Creek bridge was demolished by Confederate forces. On November 18, 1863, President Lincoln used the line to attend the consecration of the Soldiers' National Cemetery where he delivered the Gettysburg Address. In 1869, Robert McCurdy was the railway line's superintendent after being elected company president in 1853 and 1860. In December 1870, the Susquehanna, Gettysburg & Potomac Railway company purchased the Gettysburg Railway Company's trackage to Hanover Junction, 2 steam locomotives, 1 passenger car, and 2 freight cars. The railway line between Gettysburg and Hanover Junction became part of the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad in","title":"Gettysburg Railroad"},{"psg_id":"13504326","text":"driven at Gettysburg on December 16, 1858 (12:30 a.m.); and that day at Hanover, company representatives met an official \"party of Baltimoreans\" with the Blues Band from Calvert railway station. The group arrived at Gettysburg at 3 p.m. where a reception was held at \"a large and recently furnished building near the depot\". The Gettysburg Railroad Station contracted in the fall opened in May 1859 after the railroad had been the site of a New Oxford riot at the end of December 1858. On June 27 prior to the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, the line at Gettysburg was disabled when","title":"Gettysburg Railroad"},{"psg_id":"13279845","text":"\"there is a perceptible poignancy and longing weaved throughout Jenkins' arrangements. The opener \"Where Did Everyone Go?\" possesses a solitude accentuated by responsive instrumentation that supports, yet never intrudes. Cole's practically conversational delivery of pop standards...become musical soliloquies with the score as a sonic subtext.\" Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \"Love Is the Thing\" (1957) and \"The Very Thought of You\" (1958). The initial \"Billboard\" review from April 13, 1963","title":"Where Did Everyone Go?"},{"psg_id":"13279844","text":"Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \"Love Is the Thing\" (1957) and \"The Very Thought of You\" (1958). The initial \"Billboard\" review from April 13, 1963 commented that \"Here he is in a superb collection of ballad tunes, many of them in a lonesome, blue mood, with standout backing provided by Gordon Jenkins...Great mood wax for buyers and spinners\". The Allmusic review of \"Where Did Everyone Go?\" by Lindsay Planer said","title":"Where Did Everyone Go?"},{"psg_id":"13453338","text":"gives battlefield tours. Ghosts of Gettysburg Ghosts of Gettysburg: Spirits, Apparitions and Haunted Places of the Battlefield is a book by Mark Nesbitt that details the reports of ghostly apparitions in the area where the Battle of Gettysburg took place in July 1863. Nesbitt first heard stories of ghostly sightings and sounds when he was working as park ranger at Gettysburg National Military Park during the 1970s. Following interviews with other rangers, visitors and employees at Gettysburg College, Nesbitt compiled and published \"Ghosts of Gettysburg\" in 1991. Following its success, Nesbitt has since released: He has also created a series","title":"Ghosts of Gettysburg"},{"psg_id":"13453337","text":"Ghosts of Gettysburg Ghosts of Gettysburg: Spirits, Apparitions and Haunted Places of the Battlefield is a book by Mark Nesbitt that details the reports of ghostly apparitions in the area where the Battle of Gettysburg took place in July 1863. Nesbitt first heard stories of ghostly sightings and sounds when he was working as park ranger at Gettysburg National Military Park during the 1970s. Following interviews with other rangers, visitors and employees at Gettysburg College, Nesbitt compiled and published \"Ghosts of Gettysburg\" in 1991. Following its success, Nesbitt has since released: He has also created a series of videos, and","title":"Ghosts of Gettysburg"},{"psg_id":"11939649","text":"in 1971. The single did not make the charts. Lee performed songs from this album, including \"Where Did They Go\" and \"My Sweet Lord,\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. After completing work on \"Where Did They Go\", Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording \"Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota\" in April 1972. This album was released on 8-track, along with LP. Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It","title":"Where Did They Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"641992","text":"the Pennsylvania Department of Education. In 2012, the tuition fees for Gettysburg Area School District were: Elementary Schools - $9,935.50, High School - $11,168.47. Lincoln Intermediate Unit #12 provides a wide variety of services to children living in its region which includes Gettysburg Borough. Early screening, special educations services, speech and hearing therapy, Head Start preschool classes and many other services like driver education are available. Services for children during the preschool years are provided without cost to their families when the child is determined to meet eligibility requirements. The IU12 has a satellite office at 57 North Fifth Street,","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"6650134","text":"the program; with: computer, software, books are all provided by the district. The pupils have access to all extracurricular programs in the district and can earn a Gettysburg Area School District diploma. Lincoln Intermediate Unit #12 provides a wide variety of services to children living in its region which includes Gettysburg Area School District. Early screening, special educations services, speech and hearing therapy, Head Start preschool classes and many other services are available. Services for children during the preschool years are provided without cost to their families when the child is determined to meet eligibility requirements. Gettysburg Area School District","title":"Gettysburg Area School District"},{"psg_id":"11939648","text":"Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. \"Where Did They Go\" was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the \"Billboard\" 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit \"Is That All There Is?\" in 1969. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song \"My Rock And Foundation\" specifically for Lee. Capitol Records released \"Where Did They Go\" (backed by \"All I Want\") as a 45\" single","title":"Where Did They Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"16095491","text":"collection of artifacts that the Richards's offered for sale did not appeal to Arquette. He instead passed the letter on to his friend, George D. Rosensteel, IV of Gettysburg's National Museum. The Rosensteel family began collecting artifacts associated with the Battle of Gettysburg almost as soon as the smoke cleared from the battlefield. In 1921, George D. Rosensteel, IV opened the Gettysburg National Museum along Taneytown Road, directly across from the Gettysburg National Cemetery. He actively tracked down artifacts related to the battle and the Civil War and built for himself an impressive collection. The Richards's asked $60,000 for their","title":"Gettysburg National Museum"},{"psg_id":"11903014","text":"Where Did Your Heart Go? \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \"Wheel Me Out\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \"Was (Not Was)\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \"It's an Attack!\" as the B-side. A live recording of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"5128869","text":"the creation of a new cannon shop that daily preserves the nearly 400 cannons representing actual artillery lines on the battlefield. In addition, the Gettysburg Foundation has provided approximately $20 million in direct support of the National Park Service just since 2009. The Visitor Center houses the Gettysburg Museum of the American Civil War and the 19th century, painting in the round, the Gettysburg Cyclorama) In February 2009, The David Wills House where Lincoln completed his Gettysburg Address was added to the national park by Public Law 106-290 and is operated by Gettysburg Foundation. In 2010, an effort to expand","title":"Gettysburg National Military Park"},{"psg_id":"15358184","text":"in Vietnam, and foreseeing the end of the early optimism of the 1960s. Where Did Our Love Go \"Where Did Our Love Go\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"15358177","text":"Where Did Our Love Go \"Where Did Our Love Go\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs in a row to reach number one (the others being \"Baby Love\", \"Come","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"psg_id":"9492580","text":"of several TV series of the 1970 era under the title Retro-Action 1 - The cool age of TV in High Definition. When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? When did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? is the tenth episode of the popular 1969 ITC British television series \"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\" starring Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. The episode, directed by Jeremy Summers, was first broadcast on 23 November 1969 on the ITV. Jeff is hired by a company based in Metropolis House to find out who is leaking information for use on the stock","title":"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things?"},{"psg_id":"9492575","text":"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? When did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? is the tenth episode of the popular 1969 ITC British television series \"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\" starring Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. The episode, directed by Jeremy Summers, was first broadcast on 23 November 1969 on the ITV. Jeff is hired by a company based in Metropolis House to find out who is leaking information for use on the stock market. Unfortunately matters are complicated when a financial adviser named Charles Tully is murdered in a car park late at night and","title":"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things?"},{"psg_id":"18295773","text":"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\" seeks to discover where the funds raised for the relief effort after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti really went. Taking","title":"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go"},{"psg_id":"4601446","text":"access for any Union forces that might try to swing around behind Lee's lines. Two brigades of Union cavalry from Judson Kilpatrick's division under Brig. Gens. George Armstrong Custer and Elon J. Farnsworth were probing for the end of the Confederate left flank. Custer attacked Hampton in the Battle of Hunterstown on the road between Hunterstown and Gettysburg, and Hampton counterattacked. When Farnsworth arrived with his brigade, Hampton did not press his attack, and an artillery duel ensued until dark. Hampton then withdrew towards Gettysburg to rejoin Stuart. As Lee's offensive strategy became clear, Union general-in-chief Maj. Gen. Henry W.","title":"Gettysburg Campaign"},{"psg_id":"19889395","text":"heroic, and sacred event. General St. Clair Mulholland, president of the Gettysburg Memorial Commission and a member of the Irish Brigade, began the movement for the installation of a tribute to Corby at Gettysburg as early as the 1890s. He did not manage to raise much money through his initial efforts. In January 1909, The Catholic Alumni Sodality of Philadelphia proposed the creation of a monument to Father Corby on the Gettysburg National Battlefield. The archbishops of New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore also supported the proposal. They sought contributions from Notre Dame alumni and veterans of the battle to","title":"Chaplain Corby of Gettysburg"},{"psg_id":"14616100","text":"District administration did not apply for the grant in 2006-07. In 2007-08, Gettysburg Area School District received $290,029. For the 2008–09 school year the district received $251,813. Of the 501 public school districts in Pennsylvania, 447 of them received Classrooms for the Future grant awards. Gettysburg Area High School received the largest grant among the public high schools in Adams County. The highest funding statewide was awarded to Philadelphia City School District in Philadelphia County - $9,409,073. The grant program was discontinued by Governor Edward Rendell as part of his 2009-10 state budget. Gettysburg Area High School has not participated","title":"Gettysburg Area High School"},{"psg_id":"11903018","text":"video for the Wham! version of the song was directed by George Michael and Andy Morahan. Where Did Your Heart Go? \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \"Wheel Me Out\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \"Was (Not Was)\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"18295781","text":"Best Investigative Documentary •2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary •2013 Women's International Film Festival Best Documentary Short Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\" seeks","title":"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go"},{"psg_id":"641994","text":"the state's education budget. Gettysburg College, Harrisburg Area Community College, and United Lutheran Seminary, formerly Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, employ thousands of people in the borough. At Harrisburg Area Community College Gettysburg Campus, Gettysburg residents have access to college courses at a discounted tuition rate for state residents. Gettysburg Area School District is not a tax funding district of the College. Resident contribute to the community college through state taxation and funding. Gettysburg's sister cities are: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Gettysburg is a borough and the county seat of Adams County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"15766163","text":"between Goodyear and Gettysburg, and a switch from Round Top Branch connected . The state health department operated reunion comfort stations at both Gettysburg depots (cf. Gettysburg Railroad Station), and President Woodrow Wilson used the Round Top Branch to depart the Great Camp on his special train. Similarly, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's southbound train passed the Eternal Light Peace Memorial and stopped at a special station from where he motored to Oak Hill to dedicate the memorial during the 1938 Gettysburg reunion. In 1924, the land for the Idaville station was sold. One of the railroad’s last excursion trains was","title":"Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway"},{"psg_id":"11903016","text":"\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" was also included on \"The Final\" and \"Music from the Edge of Heaven\" albums. George Michael's arrangement of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is relatively faithful to the original Was (Not Was) version making only subtle changes to the song's instrumentation and structure. Michael alters the song by dropping the opening chorus in favour of an instrumental introduction of the chorus melody. The subdued ending is protracted in the Wham! recording, where the Was (Not Was) original quickly fades out after the completion of the final chorus; Michael's arrangement continues for an additional half a","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"2497522","text":"Gettysburg Battlefield The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg within and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the site of the first shot at Knoxlyn Ridge on the west of the borough, to East Cavalry Field on the east. A military engagement prior to the battle was conducted at the Gettysburg Railroad trestle over Rock Creek, which was burned on June 27. Within of the Maryland/Pennsylvania state line, the Gettysburg battlefield is situated in the Gettysburg-Newark Basin of the Pennsylvania Piedmont entirely within","title":"Gettysburg Battlefield"},{"psg_id":"13504324","text":"Gettysburg Railroad The Gettysburg Railroad was a railway line in Pennsylvania that operated from 1858-1870 over the 17 mile (27 km) main line from the terminus in Gettysburg to the 1849 Hanover Junction. After becoming the Susquehanna, Gettysburg & Potomac Railway line in 1870, the tracks between Gettysburg and Hanover Junction became part of the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad in 1874, the Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway in 1886, and the Western Maryland Railway in 1917. On March 4, 1851, Robert McCurdy, Josiah Benner, and Henry Myers secured a charter for the Gettysburg Railroad Company. The groundbreaking was on","title":"Gettysburg Railroad"},{"psg_id":"5854326","text":"in the West Indies in surveys that led to precise charts. She returned to Washington with the scientific team on 14 June, decommissioning on 26 June. \"Gettysburg\" recommissioned on 20 September 1876, for special duty to the Mediterranean, where she was to obtain navigational information about the coasts and islands of the area. \"Gettysburg\" departed Norfolk on 17 October for Europe. During the next two years, she visited nearly every port in the Mediterranean, taking soundings and making observations on the southern coast of France, the entire coastline of Italy, and the Adriatic Islands. \"Gettysburg\" continued to the coast of","title":"USS Gettysburg (1858)"},{"psg_id":"11578554","text":"(now Gettysburg College) in 1846 from which he graduated with high honors in 1851. He then became a principal of the Academy at Cahaba, Alabama, where he taught one year. In 1853 he entered as a law student in the office of Hon. Thaddeus Stevens at Lancaster and in 1854 he was admitted to the Bar of Pennsylvania. He opened a law office in Gettysburg in 1853. He was elected Burgess of the Borough of Gettysburg. He was elected the first County Superintendent of Schools of Adams County, and on him devolved the organization of the new school system. He","title":"David Wills (Gettysburg)"},{"psg_id":"641984","text":"tourists who are interested in the Gettysburg area and the history of the community and the battle. Tourists for the annual reenactment of the Battle of Gettysburg use borough facilities, which include the Dobbin House Tavern and Hotel Gettysburg. Every year from July 1–3 volunteers reenact the Battle of Gettysburg. Each day re-enactors display a different part of the battle as well as commentary regarding the hardships of the battles. The battles are narrated by the battlefield guides of the Gettysburg National Military Park. Many roads radiate from Gettysburg, providing hub-like access to Washington, D.C. , Baltimore , Harrisburg ,","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"641979","text":"an average temperature of , and June is the wettest month. The hottest temperature recorded in Gettysburg was in 1988; the coldest temperature recorded was in 1994. As of the 2010 census, Gettysburg had a population of 7,620, and was 79.6% non-Hispanic white, 10.9% Hispanic or Latino, 5.4% African American, 1.9% Asian, 2.2% all other. At the 2000 census, the Gettysburg Urban Cluster population was 15,532. At the 2010 census, Gettysburg was included within the Hanover Urban Area, which had a population of 66,301. Gettysburg is the principal city of the Gettysburg, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2000 census,","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"2727211","text":"which include twelve sports for men and twelve sports for women. Although the mascot for Gettysburg College is the Bullet, there is no official Bullet mascot at sporting events. In 2014, was filmed at Gettysburg College. Cory Weissman was a student-athlete who had a stroke before his freshman basketball season. The college also offers an extensive array of club, intramural, and recreational programs. Due to its close relationship to a crucial battle in the American Civil War, Gettysburg College hosts a number of activities and awards: Gettysburg College Gettysburg College is a private, four-year liberal arts college in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,","title":"Gettysburg College"},{"psg_id":"2727164","text":"Gettysburg College Gettysburg College is a private, four-year liberal arts college in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1832, the campus is adjacent to the Gettysburg Battlefield. Known as the Bullets, the school hosts 24 NCAA Division III men's and women's teams, with a large number of club, intramural, and recreational programs. Gettysburg College has about 2,700 students, with roughly equal numbers of men and women. Gettysburg students come from 43 states and 35 countries. The 2018 edition of \"U.S. News & World Report\" Best Colleges report ranked it 46th among National Liberal Arts Colleges. In 2015, the Princeton Review","title":"Gettysburg College"},{"psg_id":"16801519","text":"his conclusion that the Gettysburg is of late Carnian and Norian to Early Jurassic age. Later, the rocks above the Aspers Basalt were redefined as the Bendersville Formation of Jurassic age. Gettysburg Formation The Gettysburg Formation is a mapped bedrock unit consisting primarily of sandstones, conglomerates, and shales. The Gettysburg Formation was first described in the Gettysburg area of Adams County, Pennsylvania in 1929, and over the following decade was mapped in adjacent York County, Pennsylvania and Frederick County, Maryland. It was then typically called the \"Gettysburg shale,\" and was described as \"thick red shales and soft red sandstones.\" The","title":"Gettysburg Formation"},{"psg_id":"13504328","text":"1874, the Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway in 1886, and the Western Maryland Railway in 1917. Gettysburg Railroad The Gettysburg Railroad was a railway line in Pennsylvania that operated from 1858-1870 over the 17 mile (27 km) main line from the terminus in Gettysburg to the 1849 Hanover Junction. After becoming the Susquehanna, Gettysburg & Potomac Railway line in 1870, the tracks between Gettysburg and Hanover Junction became part of the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad in 1874, the Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway in 1886, and the Western Maryland Railway in 1917. On March 4, 1851, Robert McCurdy, Josiah Benner,","title":"Gettysburg Railroad"},{"psg_id":"12095045","text":"Gettysburg station The Gettysburg Lincoln Railroad Station, also known as the \"Gettysburg Train Station,\" \"Lincoln Train Station\" or \"Western Maryland Railroad Station,\" is a historic train station with depot, platform, museum and offices on Carlisle Street in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Operable from 1858 to 1942, it contributes to the Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District and is most notable as President Abraham Lincoln's point of arrival on November 18, 1863 and departure, following delivery of the Gettysburg Address. The station served as both a hospital during the battle and hub for outgoing wounded soldiers and incoming resources and supplies following the end of","title":"Gettysburg station"},{"psg_id":"14286203","text":"the original photo shoot with Warren Du Preez and Nick Thornton Jones. Adapted from AllMusic. Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \"UNKLE Blog\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\", was made","title":"Where Did the Night Fall"},{"psg_id":"14286200","text":"Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \"UNKLE Blog\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\", was made available digitally via Beatport and iTunes. On the download was followed by a remix EP","title":"Where Did the Night Fall"},{"psg_id":"13579887","text":"her 1992 album \"Entre a Mi Mundo\". Where Did the Feeling Go? \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \"Selena\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on","title":"Where Did the Feeling Go?"},{"psg_id":"13579886","text":"Where Did the Feeling Go? \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \"Selena\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on the \"20 Years of Music\" version of","title":"Where Did the Feeling Go?"},{"psg_id":"6114571","text":"on December 29, 1964. It was equivalent to Motown 25 or Live Aid as a pivotal music concert event . When it hit theaters nationwide, it undoubtedly raised and extended the visibility of the \"Where Did Our Love Go\" album. All tracks written by Holland–Dozier–Holland except as noted. The original album sold a million copies {in 1964-1965} stateside alone. The limited exclusive \"40th Anniversary\" version is now listed as \"sold out\". It remains, to date, their third best-selling studio album. Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group","title":"Where Did Our Love Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"6114568","text":"Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group The Supremes, released in 1964. The album includes several of the group's singles and B-sides from 1963 and 1964. Included are the group's first Billboard Pop Singles number-one hits, \"Where Did Our Love Go\", \"Baby Love\", and \"Come See About Me\", as well as their first Top 40 hit, \"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes\", and the singles \"A Breathtaking Guy\" and \"Run, Run, Run\". With the release of this album, The Supremes became the first act in","title":"Where Did Our Love Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"14286202","text":"UNKLE revealed that \"Where Did the Night Fall\" would be re-released as \"Where Did the Night Fall – Another Night Out\". The first disc will contain the same songs that are on the original album but the second disc contains material from two of UNKLE's previous EPs, plus a number of exclusive and rare tracks. It was released on 11 April 2011. The standard edition comes packaged as a double jewel case with a 16-page booklet. The limited edition comes in a gold outer slipcase featuring a fully re-worked 16-page board book and 32-page booklet with new exclusive shots from","title":"Where Did the Night Fall"},{"psg_id":"57830","text":"Lee's order for the army to concentrate in that vicinity, turned south on the Carlisle and Harrisburg roads toward Gettysburg, while the Union XI Corps (Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard) raced north on the Baltimore Pike and Taneytown Road. By early afternoon, the Union line ran in a semicircle west, north, and northeast of Gettysburg. However, the Union did not have enough troops; Cutler, whose brigade was deployed north of the Chambersburg Pike, had his right flank in the air. The leftmost division of the XI Corps was unable to deploy in time to strengthen the line, so Doubleday was","title":"Battle of Gettysburg"},{"psg_id":"4538723","text":"200,000 copies sold by August 1999. At the time, Jeff Briggs of Firaxis commented that the game \"did extremely well for us\". From critics, it received \"universal acclaim\" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. \"Gettysburg!\" was a finalist for the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences' 1997 \"Strategy Game of the Year\" award, which ultimately went to \"StarCraft\" and \"Age of Empires\" (tie). Similarly, the Computer Game Developers Conference nominated \"Gettysburg!\" for its \"Best Strategy/Wargame\" Spotlight Award, but gave the prize to \"\". However, it was named the best computer wargame of 1997 by \"Computer Gaming World\", \"Computer Games","title":"Sid Meier's Gettysburg!"},{"psg_id":"13748304","text":"Susquehanna, Gettysburg and Potomac Railway The Susquehanna, Gettysburg and Potomac Railway (SG&P) was a railroad that operated in Pennsylvania in the 1870s. The 17 mile (27 km) main line ran from Gettysburg to Hanover. The SG&P was formed in 1870 to purchase the assets of the Gettysburg Railroad. The railroad owned two steam locomotives, one passenger car and two freight cars. The line connected at Hanover to the Hanover Branch Railroad, which ran eastward to Hanover Junction, where it connected with the Northern Central Railway. Operations were handled by the Hanover Branch RR. In 1874 the SG&P merged with Hanover","title":"Susquehanna, Gettysburg and Potomac Railway"},{"psg_id":"16095480","text":"Gettysburg National Museum The Gettysburg National Museum was a Gettysburg Battlefield visitor attraction on the south border of the Gettysburg borough. Established by George D. Rosensteel after working at his uncle's 1888 Round Top Museum, the facility had an interpretive Battle of Gettysburg map using incandescent lights and was acquired by the National Park Service for use as the 1974–2008 Gettysburg National Military Park museum and visitor center after the Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg and before the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center. In 1929, Dr. William J. Chewning, having amassed over 100,000 Civil War artifacts, opened The National Battlefield Museum","title":"Gettysburg National Museum"},{"psg_id":"641974","text":"orderly withdrawal and managed to escape across the Potomac River without being drawn into another battle. Meade was heavily criticized by President Abraham Lincoln for his cautious pursuit and failure to destroy Lee's retreating army. Casualties were high with total losses on both sides over 27,000 Confederate and 23,000 Union. The residents of Gettysburg were left to care for the wounded and bury the dead following the Confederate retreat. Approximately 8,000 men and 3,000 horses lay under the summer sun. The soldiers' bodies were gradually reinterred in what is today known as Gettysburg National Cemetery, where, on November 19, 1863,","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"2497524","text":"eventually infantry support arrived to defend Seminary Ridge at the borough's west side. Oak Ridge, a northward extension of both McPherson Ridge and Seminary Ridge, is capped by Oak Hill, a site for artillery that commanded a good area north of the town. Prior to Pickett's Charge, \"\"159 guns stretching in a long line from the Peach Orchard to Oak Hill were to open simultaneously\"\". Directly south of the town is the gently-sloped Cemetery Hill named for the 1854 Evergreen Cemetery on its crest and where the 1863 Gettysburg Address dedicated the Gettysburg National Cemetery. Eastward are Culp's Hill and","title":"Gettysburg Battlefield"},{"psg_id":"160405","text":"the United States, its exact wording is disputed. The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincoln's hand differ in a number of details, and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech. Neither is it clear just where stood the platform from which Lincoln delivered the address. Modern scholarship locates the speakers' platform 40 yards (or more) away from the traditional site in Soldiers' National Cemetery at the Soldiers' National Monument, which means that it stood entirely within the private, adjacent Evergreen Cemetery. Following the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1–3, 1863, the removal of the fallen","title":"Gettysburg Address"},{"psg_id":"11690819","text":"released as a radio-single in the United States, where the song received airplay but failed to chart due in part to no official release. The video features Liam being interviewed whilst Noel sings whilst reading a newspaper and looking at what is going on in the building opposite where he and the band are. Where Did It All Go Wrong? \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs","title":"Where Did It All Go Wrong?"},{"psg_id":"8777752","text":"Gettysburg Cyclorama The Battle of Gettysburg, also known as the Gettysburg Cyclorama, is a cyclorama painting by the French artist Paul Philippoteaux depicting Pickett's Charge, the climactic Confederate attack on the Union forces during the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863. The painting is the work of French artist Paul Dominique Philippoteaux. It depicts Pickett's Charge, the failed infantry assault that was the climax of the Battle of Gettysburg. The painting is a \"cyclorama\", a type of 360° cylindrical painting. The intended effect is to immerse the viewer in the scene being depicted, often with the addition of foreground","title":"Gettysburg Cyclorama"},{"psg_id":"641993","text":"Gettysburg which provides language services to migrant workers. Additionally, the Adams County Literacy Council is located at 34 Foth Alley, Gettysburg. Libraries Community members have access to the Adams County Public Library which is located on 140 Baltimore Street in Gettysburg; Fairfield Area Library located at 31 Worts Drive in Fairfield; the Adams County Historical Society Library which is located at 368 Springs Avenue, in Gettysburg; the Adams County Law Library located in the Court House, 117 Baltimore Street, Room 305 in Gettysburg and to the statewide PA Power Library which is an online library funded with tax dollars from","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"641990","text":"Vida Charter School achieved a score 81.1 of out of 100 for student achievement. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2,181 public schools (less than 73 percent of Pennsylvania public schools), achieved an academic score of 70 or higher. In 2012, Vida Charter School achieved Adequate yearly Progress (AYP). Children residing in Gettysburg may also attend Gettysburg Montessori Charter School which offers full day Kindergarten through 6th grade. This public charter school operates at 120 E Broadway, Gettysburg. The Gettysburg Montessori Charter School achieved AYP in both 2011 and 2012. In 2013, Gettysburg Montessori Charter School achieved a score","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"641987","text":"of 498 public schools for academic achievement of its pupils. In 2012, Gettysburg Area School District achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP), even though the Gettysburg Area High School was in Making Progress: in School Improvement II AYP status, under the federal No Child Left Behind, due to lagging student achievement, especially in reading. Several of the District's schools are located in Gettysburg. Gettysburg Area High School is located at 1130 Old Harrisburg Road. Gettysburg Area Middle School is located at 37 Lefever Street. Lincoln Elementary School is located at 98 Lefever Street. James Gettys Elementary School is located at 898","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"641986","text":"operates public transportation in Adams County. Freedom Transit, implemented in 2009, The hub of the bus system, the new Gettysburg Transit Center, is under construction on Carlisle Street. Beginning in 2011, a Rabbit Transit commuter bus to Harrisburg runs four times each weekday in each direction. Residents of Gettysburg may attend the local, public schools operated by Gettysburg Area School District which provides full day kindergarten through 12th grade. In 2013, the Gettysburg Area School District's enrollment had declined to 2,997 students in kindergarten through 12th grade. In 2013, the Pittsburgh Business Times ranked Gettysburg Area School District 171st out","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"641972","text":"\"Strabane\" township location between \"Hunter's and Getty's towns\" was planned to become the Adams county seat. One year later \"Revd. Alexander Dobbin and David Moore Sr. were appointed trustees for the county of Adams to erect public buildings in…Gettysburg.\" 1858: The Gettysburg Railroad completed construction of a railroad line from Gettysburg to Hanover and the Gettysburg Railroad Station opened a year later. Passenger train service to the town ended in 1942. The station was restored in 2006. In 2011, Senator Robert Casey introduced S. 1897, which would include the railroad station within the boundary of Gettysburg National Military Park. 1860:","title":"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania"},{"psg_id":"4601483","text":"of his political enemies in front of the Joint Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War, questioning his actions at Gettysburg and his failure to defeat Lee during the retreat to the Potomac. On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln spoke at the dedication ceremonies for the national cemetery created at the Gettysburg battlefield. His Gettysburg Address redefined the war, calling for a \"new birth of freedom\" in the nation, which established the destruction of slavery as an implied goal. Gettysburg Campaign The Gettysburg Campaign was a military invasion of Pennsylvania by the main Confederate army under General Robert E.","title":"Gettysburg Campaign"},{"psg_id":"2727169","text":"president of Gettysburg College from 1850 until his death in 1868. Early in his military career, Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife, Mamie, lived in a house in Gettysburg that was across the street from the college (the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity House until 1955 on N. Washington Street). Both were fond of the town, so they decided to retire to a working farm adjacent to the battlefield after Eisenhower left the army. It was there that President Eisenhower recuperated from his 1955 heart attack. While living in Gettysburg, Eisenhower became involved with Gettysburg College. He served on the Gettysburg","title":"Gettysburg College"},{"psg_id":"2727165","text":"ranked Gettysburg College as the 11th in its list of the Best Schools for Internships, one of only four liberal arts schools in the top 25. The college is the home of \"The Gettysburg Review\", a literary magazine. Gettysburg College was founded in 1832, as a sister institution for the Lutheran Theological Seminary. Both owe their inception to Thaddeus Stevens, a Radical Republican and abolitionist from Gettysburg. The college's original name was Pennsylvania College; it was founded by Samuel Simon Schmucker. In 1839, seven years after Gettysburg College was first founded, Drs. George McClellan (founder of Jefferson Medical College), Samuel","title":"Gettysburg College"},{"psg_id":"2497544","text":"was razed April 8, 2010. Similarly, the Gettysburg National Museum was demolished in 2008. In 2008, the Gettysburg National Military Park had 1,320 monuments, 410 cannon, 148 historic buildings, 2½ observation towers, and of avenues, roads, and lanes; (8 unpaved). \"one of the largest collections of outdoor sculpture in the world.\" In February 2013 the landmark modernist Cyclorama Building and Visitor Center, designed by renowned architect Richard Neutra, was destroyed. The 19th century Gettysburg Cyclorama depicting the battlefield had previously been removed for restoration, and was reinstalled in the new rustic style Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center. The Gettysburg National","title":"Gettysburg Battlefield"},{"psg_id":"17742600","text":"War I officers' quarters, and Reuning House is a now a private residence protected by a 1972 borough ordinance extending the historical district to include the building. Gettysburg Academy Gettysburg Academy (also known as the Classical Preparatory School and the Gettysburg Gymnasium) was an antebellum boys' boarding school for which the vernacular architecture schoolhouse (now \"Reuning Hall\") was the \"first home\" of the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and Gettysburg College. The March 19, 1810 incorporation by the commonwealth appropriated $2,000, and the academy opened in 1814 for the school year with Samuel Ramsay as the first teacher. By 1822","title":"Gettysburg Academy"},{"psg_id":"17742598","text":"Gettysburg Academy Gettysburg Academy (also known as the Classical Preparatory School and the Gettysburg Gymnasium) was an antebellum boys' boarding school for which the vernacular architecture schoolhouse (now \"Reuning Hall\") was the \"first home\" of the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and Gettysburg College. The March 19, 1810 incorporation by the commonwealth appropriated $2,000, and the academy opened in 1814 for the school year with Samuel Ramsay as the first teacher. By 1822 the boarding school had three dormitories, libraries, and a gymnasium and beginning in 1926, the academy trustees allowed the Lutheran seminary to use the facility — D.","title":"Gettysburg Academy"},{"psg_id":"16801515","text":"Gettysburg Formation The Gettysburg Formation is a mapped bedrock unit consisting primarily of sandstones, conglomerates, and shales. The Gettysburg Formation was first described in the Gettysburg area of Adams County, Pennsylvania in 1929, and over the following decade was mapped in adjacent York County, Pennsylvania and Frederick County, Maryland. It was then typically called the \"Gettysburg shale,\" and was described as \"thick red shales and soft red sandstones.\" The majority of this early mapping was done by G. W. Stose, A. I. Jonas, and Florence Bascom. Later workers described it as \"Red, medium- to fine-grained sandstone and shale.\" The rock","title":"Gettysburg Formation"},{"psg_id":"16180479","text":"Gettysburg Airport The Gettysburg Airport (Forney Airfield in World War II) was a Gettysburg Battlefield facility northwest of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the west slope of Oak Ridge off of the Mummasburg Road. The Gettysburg Flying Service operated airplane tours of the battefield from the west slope of Oak Ridge in the 1920s (cf. the Battlefield Airways at the Battlefield Airport across from The Peach Orchard), and the field was a 1939 site on the initial transcontinental airmail line. In 1937, TBD Bircher took over the Boulevard airport in southeast Pennsylvania (\"William Penn airport\" when opened in 1917, closed 1951), but","title":"Gettysburg Airport"},{"psg_id":"160462","text":"compiled \"Gettysburg Replies: The World Responds to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address\". The work challenges leaders to craft 272 word responses to celebrate Lincoln, the Gettysburg Address, or a related topic. One of the replies was by astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson in which he made the point that one of Lincoln's greatest legacies was establishing, in the same year of the Gettysburg Address, the National Academy of Sciences, which had the longterm effect of \"setting our Nation on a course of scientifically enlightened governance, without which we all may perish from this Earth\". A common American myth about the Gettysburg Address","title":"Gettysburg Address"},{"psg_id":"15270864","text":"community, for sporting events and community meetings. In 1944, the Gettysburg Armory was used as a temporary German Prisoner of War camp while the official camp was being constructed on the Gettysburg Battlefield. Later the building was designated as a public fallout shelter by the National Fallout Shelter Survey. In 2010, the building was vacated by Battery B, 1/108th Field Artillery after a new readiness center was constructed in South Mountain. In 2013, the Armory was transferred to the private sector by the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Gettysburg Armory The Gettysburg Armory is a former National Guard armory located at Gettysburg,","title":"Gettysburg Armory"},{"psg_id":"12095053","text":"depot's first floor is a museum with an information counter and is open daily (free) to the public. The museum contains models, diagrams, exhibits, and artifacts which were found during the renovation of the station. Gettysburg station The Gettysburg Lincoln Railroad Station, also known as the \"Gettysburg Train Station,\" \"Lincoln Train Station\" or \"Western Maryland Railroad Station,\" is a historic train station with depot, platform, museum and offices on Carlisle Street in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Operable from 1858 to 1942, it contributes to the Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District and is most notable as President Abraham Lincoln's point of arrival on November","title":"Gettysburg station"},{"psg_id":"12095052","text":"the property on May 6, 1998; the Gettysburg Convention and Visitors' Bureau vacated the depot in 2002; and renovation began in January 2005 (completed 2006). The Pennsylvania Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission was \"pivotal in the grand re-opening of the Historic Gettysburg Train Station\" on the 2006 anniversary of Lincoln's arrival. The borough approved a 2007 2nd floor lease for the Gettysburg International Arts Festival, and the station has been operated by the National Trust for Historic Gettysburg since 2008. In 2010, by Todd Platts failed in the US Senate for allowing Gettysburg National Military Park acquisition of the depot. The","title":"Gettysburg station"},{"psg_id":"12095046","text":"the war. On 2015, following several years of delays, the station, which was originally owned by the Borough of Gettysburg but was bought by the Gettysburg Foundation, the non-profit partner to the National Park Service, was placed under the purview of the National Park Service. After an uncompleted 1830s plan for a railroad through Gettysburg, on December 1, 1858, the Gettysburg Railroad line was completed from the east to Gettysburg with a reception for railroad dignitaries held several days later at \"a large and recently furnished building near the depot\" (the depot was being built on purchased from George W","title":"Gettysburg station"},{"psg_id":"13579999","text":"this single did prove popular on the radio. Where Did All the Love Go? \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \"New Musical Express\" stating that \"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \"The Sun\" that","title":"Where Did All the Love Go?"},{"psg_id":"11690817","text":"Where Did It All Go Wrong? \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs on \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\" that features him on lead vocals. In explaining why front man Liam Gallagher did not sing the song, Noel claimed that: \"[Vocally] Liam just couldn't get that one. The melody shifts quite a lot... Liam hasn't got that dynamism in his voice.\" Noel stated that the song's","title":"Where Did It All Go Wrong?"},{"psg_id":"1631209","text":"Gettysburg National Cemetery Gettysburg National Cemetery is a United States national cemetery created for Union/Federal casualties of the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War (1861-1865). It is located just outside Gettysburg Borough to the south, in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The land was part of the Gettysburg Battlefield, and the cemetery is within Gettysburg National Military Park administered by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior. Originally called Soldiers' National Cemetery, U.S. 16th President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865, served 1861-1865), delivered his Gettysburg Address at the cemetery's consecration, November 19,","title":"Gettysburg National Cemetery"},{"psg_id":"13512778","text":"Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad The Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad was a railroad line in Pennsylvania in the 19th century. The 38 mile (61 km) main line ran from Orrtanna to Hanover Junction, where it connected with the Northern Central Railway (a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad). Connections along the main line were to the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad (at Gettysburg), the Bachman Valley Railroad (Valley Junction), and the Pennsylvania Railroad (Porter's Sideling). The Hanover Junction Company was chartered in 1874 and took over train operations of (merged) the railway lines of the Hanover Branch Railroad and","title":"Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad"},{"psg_id":"1631214","text":"at least 1 reinterment was from the neighboring Evergreen Cemetery (Adams County, Pennsylvania). \"Original Report\": </ref> Gettysburg National Cemetery Gettysburg National Cemetery is a United States national cemetery created for Union/Federal casualties of the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War (1861-1865). It is located just outside Gettysburg Borough to the south, in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The land was part of the Gettysburg Battlefield, and the cemetery is within Gettysburg National Military Park administered by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior. Originally called Soldiers' National Cemetery, U.S. 16th","title":"Gettysburg National Cemetery"},{"psg_id":"12334921","text":"13, and by August 15 the entire Grand Camp had been removed except \"four great water storage reservoirs\". A movie, \"United at Gettysburg\", documented the reunion, and Lt Col Lewis E. Beitler, Secretary of the Commission, completed the compilation of the organizations' reports on the December 31, 1913. To commemorate the 1913 Gettysburg reunion, a colonial portico was opened in May 1914 at the Seminary's Old Dorm (only the concrete base remains), and the 1938 Eternal Light Peace Memorial was erected on Oak Ridge, north of Gettysburg. 1913 Gettysburg reunion The 1913 Gettysburg reunion was a Gettysburg Battlefield encampment of","title":"1913 Gettysburg reunion"},{"psg_id":"1224295","text":"Laredo, Texas, a successful American horse trainer, was born in Gettysburg in 1965. Gettysburg, South Dakota Gettysburg is a city in Potter County, South Dakota, United States, along the 45th parallel. The population was 1,162 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Potter County. Gettysburg was platted in 1884. The city was named in commemoration of the Battle of Gettysburg. A large share of the early settlers were veterans of the Civil War. Gettysburg is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.","title":"Gettysburg, South Dakota"},{"psg_id":"1224287","text":"Gettysburg, South Dakota Gettysburg is a city in Potter County, South Dakota, United States, along the 45th parallel. The population was 1,162 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Potter County. Gettysburg was platted in 1884. The city was named in commemoration of the Battle of Gettysburg. A large share of the early settlers were veterans of the Civil War. Gettysburg is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. Gettysburg has been assigned the ZIP code 57442 and the FIPS place code","title":"Gettysburg, South Dakota"},{"psg_id":"6650241","text":"preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit. For the 2011−12 school year, the Gettysburg Area School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index. Each year the Gettysburg Area School Board has the option of adopting either 1) a resolution in January certifying they will not increase taxes above their index or 2) a preliminary budget in February. A school district adopting the resolution","title":"Gettysburg Area School District"},{"psg_id":"11903015","text":"was included as a B-side to the 1992 single \"Somewhere in America (There's a Street Named After My Dad)\". \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" was covered by the British pop duo Wham! on 14 October 1986 as one of the three B-sides to \"The Edge of Heaven\" in the UK, where it reached number 1. The song was also released separately as Wham!'s final single in several territories most notably in the US where it peaked at number 50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in November 1986. It was produced and re-arranged by George Michael with engineering by Chris Porter.","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"8777770","text":"the buck-eye was obviously of inferior quality to the Chicago Version which King had in his possession. In 1957 the Milwaukee County Historical Society contacted the firm of lawyers who had been acting for McConnell and asked if they could purchase the painting and were informed that it had been destroyed. Photos: Gettysburg Cyclorama The Battle of Gettysburg, also known as the Gettysburg Cyclorama, is a cyclorama painting by the French artist Paul Philippoteaux depicting Pickett's Charge, the climactic Confederate attack on the Union forces during the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863. The painting is the work of","title":"Gettysburg Cyclorama"},{"psg_id":"7894807","text":"before 1978 and although there was a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. Lou Zocchi comments: \"With \"Gettysburg\", Roberts created a game that evoked memories of brilliant commanders such as Lee and Jackson, even as players grew to understand the intricacies of their commands.\" Gary Gygax began playing \"Gettysburg\" by December 1958, and Dave Arneson started playing the game in the early 1960s. Gygax and Arneson later designed the seminal role-playing game \"Dungeons & Dragons\" in 1974, which grew out of their experience with wargames. Gettysburg (game) Gettysburg is a board wargame produced by Avalon Hill which re-enacts the","title":"Gettysburg (game)"},{"psg_id":"2727198","text":"a music department was established at Gettysburg College with Wagnild as the chair. He received an honorary doctorate of music from Thiel College in 1972, as well as an honorary doctorate of divinity from Gettysburg College. Wagnild retired in 1976 after over 40 years of directing the college choir, and passed away in 1992. Today, Gettysburg College is home to the Sunderman Conservatory of Music, which was established in 2006 after the death of Gettysburg College alum Dr. F. William Sunderman in 2003. Sunderman, the medical director for the Manhattan Project, was a violinist who led numerous ensembles during his","title":"Gettysburg College"},{"psg_id":"2727170","text":"College Board of Trustees, and he was given an office, which he used when writing his memoirs. Eisenhower’s old office is now named Eisenhower House and is occupied by Gettysburg College’s office of admissions. Eisenhower’s grandson, David, and his granddaughter Susan continue a certain level of family involvement with the institution. Today the Eisenhower Institute, a nationally recognized center for leadership and public policy based in Gettysburg and Washington, D.C., is formally recognized as a distinctive program of the college. The college is located on a campus adjacent to the Gettysburg National Military Park. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, is 36 miles (60","title":"Gettysburg College"},{"psg_id":"2497546","text":"acquisitions. In 2015, the Trust paid $6 million for a four-acre parcel that included the stone house that Lee used as his headquarters during the battle. The Trust razed a motel, restaurant and other buildings within the parcel to restore the site to its wartime appearance, added interpretive signs and opened the site to the public in October, 2016. Gettysburg Battlefield The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg within and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the site of the first shot at","title":"Gettysburg Battlefield"},{"psg_id":"2497532","text":"cities for reburial, 2,935 being interred in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond. Seventy-three bodies were reburied in home cemeteries. The cemetery was transferred to the United States government May 1872, and the last Battle of Gettysburg body was reburied in the national cemetery after being discovered in 1997. Union Gettysburg veteran Emmor Cope was detailed to annotate the battlefield's troop positions and his \"\"Map of the Battlefield of Gettysburg from the original survey made August to October, 1863\"\" was displayed at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Also in 1863, John B. Bachelder escorted convalescing officers at Gettysburg to identify battlefield locations (during","title":"Gettysburg Battlefield"},{"psg_id":"16801516","text":"unit was formalized into a Formation in 1963 by J. D. Glaeser. Glaeser re-mapped some areas previously mapped as the Gettysburg Formation to the Hammer Creek Formation. A major groundwater resources study of the Gettysburg Formation and other formations of the Newark Supergroup in Pennsylvania was published by Charles R. Wood in 1980. The Gettysburg Formation and other formations of the Newark Supergroup were deposited in the Gettysburg Basin, just one of many Triassic rift basins existing on the east coast of North and South America, which formed as plate tectonics pulled apart Pangaea into the continents we see today.","title":"Gettysburg Formation"},{"psg_id":"160406","text":"Union soldiers from the Gettysburg Battlefield graves and their reburial in graves at the National Cemetery at Gettysburg began on October 17. In inviting President Lincoln to the ceremonies, David Wills, of the committee for the November 19 Consecration of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, wrote, \"It is the desire that, after the Oration, you, as Chief Executive of the nation, formally set apart these grounds to their sacred use by a few appropriate remarks.\" On the train trip from Washington, D.C., to Gettysburg on November 18, Lincoln was accompanied by three members of his Cabinet, William Seward, John Usher","title":"Gettysburg Address"},{"psg_id":"160403","text":"Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg Address is a speech that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is one of the best-known speeches in American history. Although not the day's primary speech, Lincoln's carefully crafted address came to be seen as one of the greatest and most influential statements of American national purpose. In just 271 words, beginning with","title":"Gettysburg Address"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5128870\",\n \"text\": \"the amount of the federally-owned GNMP land failed in Congress. The Park has been a highly symbolic venue for memorials and remembrance. On November 19, 1963 a parade and ceremony was held in Gettysburg commemorating the centennial of President Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, given less than five months after the Battle of Gettysburg. The actor, Raymond H. Massey, playing the role of President Lincoln arrived by 1860's period steam train at the Gettysburg station. He rode, in the parade as did Lincoln, on horseback to the National cemetery where actor Massey gave the President's famous address (this time for brevity, Edward\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg National Military Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17843599\",\n \"text\": \"Where Do You Start Where Do You Start is an album by the Brad Mehldau Trio released on the Nonesuch label in 2012. The album received generally favourable reviews with Metacritic giving it a score of 80% from 7 reviews. AllMusic awarded the album 3½ stars and in its review by Matt Collar, states \\\"Ultimately, \\\"Where Do You Start\\\" is an intimate, impressionistic, and probing release that should certainly appeal to longtime fans of Mehldau's nuanced jazz style\\\". The Guardian's John Fordham observed \\\"the dynamics and empathy of this ensemble remain pretty irresistible\\\". On All About Jazz, John Kelman noted\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do You Start\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9071908\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg furniture companies Furniture manufacturing grew in Gettysburg, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. After expanding in the early 1900s it remained a strong part of the state's economy until the mid 1900s. In July 1902, \\\"John M. Warner, John Kimple, Louis Mitzell, Levi Starner, Chas. S. Duncan, Charles Emory and David M. Wolf\\\" joined to start the Gettysburg Manufacturing Company. The company manufactured eight or more furniture styles (e.g., buffets, sideboards, hall racks and washstands mainly in oak). Following Levi Starner's 1902 death, the remaining owners purchased the company in December 1904. It had become the Gettysburg Furniture Company\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg furniture companies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7894803\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg (game) Gettysburg is a board wargame produced by Avalon Hill which re-enacts the American Civil War battle of Gettysburg. \\\"Gettysburg\\\" was originally published in 1958, and was the first board wargame based on a historical battle. \\\"Gettysburg\\\" has game mechanics similar to Avalon Hill's ground-breaking \\\"Tactics II\\\" (1958). In particular, the combat results table favors attacking where one has a local superiority of numbers. Unlike \\\"Tactics II\\\", \\\"Gettysburg\\\" gives each unit an orientation, and an attacker can improve his odds by attacking a defender from the side or from the rear. The defender, meanwhile, can improve his odds by\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg (game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17843600\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"\\\"Where Do You Start\\\" isn't so much an alternative as it is further evidence—as if any were needed—of this tremendous trio's ability to take any material—old, new, borrowed or original—and make it firmly its own\\\". BBC Music reviewer, Martin Longley commented \\\"\\\"Where Do You Start\\\" revives the old Mehldau approach of covering songs from across the decades... Yet Mehldau’s method is so dominant that everything gravitates towards the trio’s signature sound, lending cohesion to a variegated crop... It all points to Mehldau entering a new prime phase in his career, both onstage and in the recording studio\\\". Where Do You\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do You Start\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641971\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Gettysburg is a borough and the county seat of Adams County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg (1863) and President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address are named for this town. The town hosts visitors to the Gettysburg National Battlefield in the Gettysburg National Military Park. As of the 2010 census, the borough had a population of 7,620 people. 1761: Samuel Gettys, settled at the Shippensburg–Baltimore and Philadelphia–Pittsburgh crossroads with tavern where soldiers and traders came to rest. 1786: The borough boundary was established, with the Dobbin House tavern (est.1776) sitting in the south-west. 1790: A\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15254322\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg Air Force Station Gettysburg Air Force Station is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located north of Gettysburg, South Dakota. It was closed in 1968. In late 1951 Air Defense Command selected Gettysburg, South Dakota as one of twenty-eight radar stations built as part of the second segment of the permanent radar surveillance network. Prompted by the start of the Korean War, on July 11, 1950, the Secretary of the Air Force asked the Secretary of Defense for approval to expedite construction of the second segment of the permanent network. Receiving the Defense\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Air Force Station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16849709\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg Spring Railroad The Gettysburg Spring Railroad (Springs Horse Railway) was a Gettysburg Battlefield tourist conveyance in the Battle of Gettysburg, First Day, area. The trolley extended from the western terminus on the east side of Herr Ridge at the Gettysburg Springs Hotel eastward to the Gettysburg borough after crossing Willoughby Run, McPherson Ridge, Pitzer Run, Seminary Ridge, Stevens Run (stone bridge), to the slopes of Baltimore Hill where it turned northward at the borough square to end at the Gettysburg Railroad Station. In addition to a stop at the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, by 1879 the horse railroad\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Spring Railroad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13504327\",\n \"text\": \"the nearby Rock Creek bridge was demolished by Confederate forces. On November 18, 1863, President Lincoln used the line to attend the consecration of the Soldiers' National Cemetery where he delivered the Gettysburg Address. In 1869, Robert McCurdy was the railway line's superintendent after being elected company president in 1853 and 1860. In December 1870, the Susquehanna, Gettysburg & Potomac Railway company purchased the Gettysburg Railway Company's trackage to Hanover Junction, 2 steam locomotives, 1 passenger car, and 2 freight cars. The railway line between Gettysburg and Hanover Junction became part of the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad in\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Railroad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13504326\",\n \"text\": \"driven at Gettysburg on December 16, 1858 (12:30 a.m.); and that day at Hanover, company representatives met an official \\\"party of Baltimoreans\\\" with the Blues Band from Calvert railway station. The group arrived at Gettysburg at 3 p.m. where a reception was held at \\\"a large and recently furnished building near the depot\\\". The Gettysburg Railroad Station contracted in the fall opened in May 1859 after the railroad had been the site of a New Oxford riot at the end of December 1858. On June 27 prior to the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, the line at Gettysburg was disabled when\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Railroad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13279845\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"there is a perceptible poignancy and longing weaved throughout Jenkins' arrangements. The opener \\\"Where Did Everyone Go?\\\" possesses a solitude accentuated by responsive instrumentation that supports, yet never intrudes. Cole's practically conversational delivery of pop standards...become musical soliloquies with the score as a sonic subtext.\\\" Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \\\"Love Is the Thing\\\" (1957) and \\\"The Very Thought of You\\\" (1958). The initial \\\"Billboard\\\" review from April 13, 1963\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Everyone Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13279844\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \\\"Love Is the Thing\\\" (1957) and \\\"The Very Thought of You\\\" (1958). The initial \\\"Billboard\\\" review from April 13, 1963 commented that \\\"Here he is in a superb collection of ballad tunes, many of them in a lonesome, blue mood, with standout backing provided by Gordon Jenkins...Great mood wax for buyers and spinners\\\". The Allmusic review of \\\"Where Did Everyone Go?\\\" by Lindsay Planer said\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Everyone Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13453338\",\n \"text\": \"gives battlefield tours. Ghosts of Gettysburg Ghosts of Gettysburg: Spirits, Apparitions and Haunted Places of the Battlefield is a book by Mark Nesbitt that details the reports of ghostly apparitions in the area where the Battle of Gettysburg took place in July 1863. Nesbitt first heard stories of ghostly sightings and sounds when he was working as park ranger at Gettysburg National Military Park during the 1970s. Following interviews with other rangers, visitors and employees at Gettysburg College, Nesbitt compiled and published \\\"Ghosts of Gettysburg\\\" in 1991. Following its success, Nesbitt has since released: He has also created a series\",\n \"title\": \"Ghosts of Gettysburg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13453337\",\n \"text\": \"Ghosts of Gettysburg Ghosts of Gettysburg: Spirits, Apparitions and Haunted Places of the Battlefield is a book by Mark Nesbitt that details the reports of ghostly apparitions in the area where the Battle of Gettysburg took place in July 1863. Nesbitt first heard stories of ghostly sightings and sounds when he was working as park ranger at Gettysburg National Military Park during the 1970s. Following interviews with other rangers, visitors and employees at Gettysburg College, Nesbitt compiled and published \\\"Ghosts of Gettysburg\\\" in 1991. Following its success, Nesbitt has since released: He has also created a series of videos, and\",\n \"title\": \"Ghosts of Gettysburg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11939649\",\n \"text\": \"in 1971. The single did not make the charts. Lee performed songs from this album, including \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" and \\\"My Sweet Lord,\\\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. After completing work on \\\"Where Did They Go\\\", Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording \\\"Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota\\\" in April 1972. This album was released on 8-track, along with LP. Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did They Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641992\",\n \"text\": \"the Pennsylvania Department of Education. In 2012, the tuition fees for Gettysburg Area School District were: Elementary Schools - $9,935.50, High School - $11,168.47. Lincoln Intermediate Unit #12 provides a wide variety of services to children living in its region which includes Gettysburg Borough. Early screening, special educations services, speech and hearing therapy, Head Start preschool classes and many other services like driver education are available. Services for children during the preschool years are provided without cost to their families when the child is determined to meet eligibility requirements. The IU12 has a satellite office at 57 North Fifth Street,\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6650134\",\n \"text\": \"the program; with: computer, software, books are all provided by the district. The pupils have access to all extracurricular programs in the district and can earn a Gettysburg Area School District diploma. Lincoln Intermediate Unit #12 provides a wide variety of services to children living in its region which includes Gettysburg Area School District. Early screening, special educations services, speech and hearing therapy, Head Start preschool classes and many other services are available. Services for children during the preschool years are provided without cost to their families when the child is determined to meet eligibility requirements. Gettysburg Area School District\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Area School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11939648\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit \\\"Is That All There Is?\\\" in 1969. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song \\\"My Rock And Foundation\\\" specifically for Lee. Capitol Records released \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" (backed by \\\"All I Want\\\") as a 45\\\" single\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did They Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16095491\",\n \"text\": \"collection of artifacts that the Richards's offered for sale did not appeal to Arquette. He instead passed the letter on to his friend, George D. Rosensteel, IV of Gettysburg's National Museum. The Rosensteel family began collecting artifacts associated with the Battle of Gettysburg almost as soon as the smoke cleared from the battlefield. In 1921, George D. Rosensteel, IV opened the Gettysburg National Museum along Taneytown Road, directly across from the Gettysburg National Cemetery. He actively tracked down artifacts related to the battle and the Civil War and built for himself an impressive collection. The Richards's asked $60,000 for their\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg National Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903014\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go? \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \\\"Wheel Me Out\\\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \\\"Was (Not Was)\\\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \\\"It's an Attack!\\\" as the B-side. A live recording of \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5128869\",\n \"text\": \"the creation of a new cannon shop that daily preserves the nearly 400 cannons representing actual artillery lines on the battlefield. In addition, the Gettysburg Foundation has provided approximately $20 million in direct support of the National Park Service just since 2009. The Visitor Center houses the Gettysburg Museum of the American Civil War and the 19th century, painting in the round, the Gettysburg Cyclorama) In February 2009, The David Wills House where Lincoln completed his Gettysburg Address was added to the national park by Public Law 106-290 and is operated by Gettysburg Foundation. In 2010, an effort to expand\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg National Military Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358184\",\n \"text\": \"in Vietnam, and foreseeing the end of the early optimism of the 1960s. Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15358177\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs in a row to reach number one (the others being \\\"Baby Love\\\", \\\"Come\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9492580\",\n \"text\": \"of several TV series of the 1970 era under the title Retro-Action 1 - The cool age of TV in High Definition. When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? When did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? is the tenth episode of the popular 1969 ITC British television series \\\"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\\\" starring Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. The episode, directed by Jeremy Summers, was first broadcast on 23 November 1969 on the ITV. Jeff is hired by a company based in Metropolis House to find out who is leaking information for use on the stock\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9492575\",\n \"text\": \"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? When did You Start to Stop Seeing Things? is the tenth episode of the popular 1969 ITC British television series \\\"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\\\" starring Mike Pratt, Kenneth Cope and Annette Andre. The episode, directed by Jeremy Summers, was first broadcast on 23 November 1969 on the ITV. Jeff is hired by a company based in Metropolis House to find out who is leaking information for use on the stock market. Unfortunately matters are complicated when a financial adviser named Charles Tully is murdered in a car park late at night and\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Start to Stop Seeing Things?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18295773\",\n \"text\": \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \\\"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\\\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \\\"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\\\" seeks to discover where the funds raised for the relief effort after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti really went. Taking\",\n \"title\": \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4601446\",\n \"text\": \"access for any Union forces that might try to swing around behind Lee's lines. Two brigades of Union cavalry from Judson Kilpatrick's division under Brig. Gens. George Armstrong Custer and Elon J. Farnsworth were probing for the end of the Confederate left flank. Custer attacked Hampton in the Battle of Hunterstown on the road between Hunterstown and Gettysburg, and Hampton counterattacked. When Farnsworth arrived with his brigade, Hampton did not press his attack, and an artillery duel ensued until dark. Hampton then withdrew towards Gettysburg to rejoin Stuart. As Lee's offensive strategy became clear, Union general-in-chief Maj. Gen. Henry W.\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19889395\",\n \"text\": \"heroic, and sacred event. General St. Clair Mulholland, president of the Gettysburg Memorial Commission and a member of the Irish Brigade, began the movement for the installation of a tribute to Corby at Gettysburg as early as the 1890s. He did not manage to raise much money through his initial efforts. In January 1909, The Catholic Alumni Sodality of Philadelphia proposed the creation of a monument to Father Corby on the Gettysburg National Battlefield. The archbishops of New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore also supported the proposal. They sought contributions from Notre Dame alumni and veterans of the battle to\",\n \"title\": \"Chaplain Corby of Gettysburg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14616100\",\n \"text\": \"District administration did not apply for the grant in 2006-07. In 2007-08, Gettysburg Area School District received $290,029. For the 2008–09 school year the district received $251,813. Of the 501 public school districts in Pennsylvania, 447 of them received Classrooms for the Future grant awards. Gettysburg Area High School received the largest grant among the public high schools in Adams County. The highest funding statewide was awarded to Philadelphia City School District in Philadelphia County - $9,409,073. The grant program was discontinued by Governor Edward Rendell as part of his 2009-10 state budget. Gettysburg Area High School has not participated\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Area High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903018\",\n \"text\": \"video for the Wham! version of the song was directed by George Michael and Andy Morahan. Where Did Your Heart Go? \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \\\"Wheel Me Out\\\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \\\"Was (Not Was)\\\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18295781\",\n \"text\": \"Best Investigative Documentary •2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary •2013 Women's International Film Festival Best Documentary Short Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \\\"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\\\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \\\"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\\\" seeks\",\n \"title\": \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641994\",\n \"text\": \"the state's education budget. Gettysburg College, Harrisburg Area Community College, and United Lutheran Seminary, formerly Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, employ thousands of people in the borough. At Harrisburg Area Community College Gettysburg Campus, Gettysburg residents have access to college courses at a discounted tuition rate for state residents. Gettysburg Area School District is not a tax funding district of the College. Resident contribute to the community college through state taxation and funding. Gettysburg's sister cities are: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Gettysburg is a borough and the county seat of Adams County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15766163\",\n \"text\": \"between Goodyear and Gettysburg, and a switch from Round Top Branch connected . The state health department operated reunion comfort stations at both Gettysburg depots (cf. Gettysburg Railroad Station), and President Woodrow Wilson used the Round Top Branch to depart the Great Camp on his special train. Similarly, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's southbound train passed the Eternal Light Peace Memorial and stopped at a special station from where he motored to Oak Hill to dedicate the memorial during the 1938 Gettysburg reunion. In 1924, the land for the Idaville station was sold. One of the railroad’s last excursion trains was\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903016\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" was also included on \\\"The Final\\\" and \\\"Music from the Edge of Heaven\\\" albums. George Michael's arrangement of \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is relatively faithful to the original Was (Not Was) version making only subtle changes to the song's instrumentation and structure. Michael alters the song by dropping the opening chorus in favour of an instrumental introduction of the chorus melody. The subdued ending is protracted in the Wham! recording, where the Was (Not Was) original quickly fades out after the completion of the final chorus; Michael's arrangement continues for an additional half a\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2497522\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg Battlefield The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg within and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the site of the first shot at Knoxlyn Ridge on the west of the borough, to East Cavalry Field on the east. A military engagement prior to the battle was conducted at the Gettysburg Railroad trestle over Rock Creek, which was burned on June 27. Within of the Maryland/Pennsylvania state line, the Gettysburg battlefield is situated in the Gettysburg-Newark Basin of the Pennsylvania Piedmont entirely within\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Battlefield\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13504324\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg Railroad The Gettysburg Railroad was a railway line in Pennsylvania that operated from 1858-1870 over the 17 mile (27 km) main line from the terminus in Gettysburg to the 1849 Hanover Junction. After becoming the Susquehanna, Gettysburg & Potomac Railway line in 1870, the tracks between Gettysburg and Hanover Junction became part of the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad in 1874, the Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway in 1886, and the Western Maryland Railway in 1917. On March 4, 1851, Robert McCurdy, Josiah Benner, and Henry Myers secured a charter for the Gettysburg Railroad Company. The groundbreaking was on\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Railroad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5854326\",\n \"text\": \"in the West Indies in surveys that led to precise charts. She returned to Washington with the scientific team on 14 June, decommissioning on 26 June. \\\"Gettysburg\\\" recommissioned on 20 September 1876, for special duty to the Mediterranean, where she was to obtain navigational information about the coasts and islands of the area. \\\"Gettysburg\\\" departed Norfolk on 17 October for Europe. During the next two years, she visited nearly every port in the Mediterranean, taking soundings and making observations on the southern coast of France, the entire coastline of Italy, and the Adriatic Islands. \\\"Gettysburg\\\" continued to the coast of\",\n \"title\": \"USS Gettysburg (1858)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11578554\",\n \"text\": \"(now Gettysburg College) in 1846 from which he graduated with high honors in 1851. He then became a principal of the Academy at Cahaba, Alabama, where he taught one year. In 1853 he entered as a law student in the office of Hon. Thaddeus Stevens at Lancaster and in 1854 he was admitted to the Bar of Pennsylvania. He opened a law office in Gettysburg in 1853. He was elected Burgess of the Borough of Gettysburg. He was elected the first County Superintendent of Schools of Adams County, and on him devolved the organization of the new school system. He\",\n \"title\": \"David Wills (Gettysburg)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641984\",\n \"text\": \"tourists who are interested in the Gettysburg area and the history of the community and the battle. Tourists for the annual reenactment of the Battle of Gettysburg use borough facilities, which include the Dobbin House Tavern and Hotel Gettysburg. Every year from July 1–3 volunteers reenact the Battle of Gettysburg. Each day re-enactors display a different part of the battle as well as commentary regarding the hardships of the battles. The battles are narrated by the battlefield guides of the Gettysburg National Military Park. Many roads radiate from Gettysburg, providing hub-like access to Washington, D.C. , Baltimore , Harrisburg ,\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641979\",\n \"text\": \"an average temperature of , and June is the wettest month. The hottest temperature recorded in Gettysburg was in 1988; the coldest temperature recorded was in 1994. As of the 2010 census, Gettysburg had a population of 7,620, and was 79.6% non-Hispanic white, 10.9% Hispanic or Latino, 5.4% African American, 1.9% Asian, 2.2% all other. At the 2000 census, the Gettysburg Urban Cluster population was 15,532. At the 2010 census, Gettysburg was included within the Hanover Urban Area, which had a population of 66,301. Gettysburg is the principal city of the Gettysburg, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2000 census,\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2727211\",\n \"text\": \"which include twelve sports for men and twelve sports for women. Although the mascot for Gettysburg College is the Bullet, there is no official Bullet mascot at sporting events. In 2014, was filmed at Gettysburg College. Cory Weissman was a student-athlete who had a stroke before his freshman basketball season. The college also offers an extensive array of club, intramural, and recreational programs. Due to its close relationship to a crucial battle in the American Civil War, Gettysburg College hosts a number of activities and awards: Gettysburg College Gettysburg College is a private, four-year liberal arts college in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2727164\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg College Gettysburg College is a private, four-year liberal arts college in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1832, the campus is adjacent to the Gettysburg Battlefield. Known as the Bullets, the school hosts 24 NCAA Division III men's and women's teams, with a large number of club, intramural, and recreational programs. Gettysburg College has about 2,700 students, with roughly equal numbers of men and women. Gettysburg students come from 43 states and 35 countries. The 2018 edition of \\\"U.S. News & World Report\\\" Best Colleges report ranked it 46th among National Liberal Arts Colleges. In 2015, the Princeton Review\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16801519\",\n \"text\": \"his conclusion that the Gettysburg is of late Carnian and Norian to Early Jurassic age. Later, the rocks above the Aspers Basalt were redefined as the Bendersville Formation of Jurassic age. Gettysburg Formation The Gettysburg Formation is a mapped bedrock unit consisting primarily of sandstones, conglomerates, and shales. The Gettysburg Formation was first described in the Gettysburg area of Adams County, Pennsylvania in 1929, and over the following decade was mapped in adjacent York County, Pennsylvania and Frederick County, Maryland. It was then typically called the \\\"Gettysburg shale,\\\" and was described as \\\"thick red shales and soft red sandstones.\\\" The\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Formation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13504328\",\n \"text\": \"1874, the Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway in 1886, and the Western Maryland Railway in 1917. Gettysburg Railroad The Gettysburg Railroad was a railway line in Pennsylvania that operated from 1858-1870 over the 17 mile (27 km) main line from the terminus in Gettysburg to the 1849 Hanover Junction. After becoming the Susquehanna, Gettysburg & Potomac Railway line in 1870, the tracks between Gettysburg and Hanover Junction became part of the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad in 1874, the Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway in 1886, and the Western Maryland Railway in 1917. On March 4, 1851, Robert McCurdy, Josiah Benner,\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Railroad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12095045\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg station The Gettysburg Lincoln Railroad Station, also known as the \\\"Gettysburg Train Station,\\\" \\\"Lincoln Train Station\\\" or \\\"Western Maryland Railroad Station,\\\" is a historic train station with depot, platform, museum and offices on Carlisle Street in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Operable from 1858 to 1942, it contributes to the Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District and is most notable as President Abraham Lincoln's point of arrival on November 18, 1863 and departure, following delivery of the Gettysburg Address. The station served as both a hospital during the battle and hub for outgoing wounded soldiers and incoming resources and supplies following the end of\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14286203\",\n \"text\": \"the original photo shoot with Warren Du Preez and Nick Thornton Jones. Adapted from AllMusic. Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \\\"UNKLE Blog\\\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \\\"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\\\", was made\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Night Fall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14286200\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \\\"UNKLE Blog\\\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \\\"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\\\", was made available digitally via Beatport and iTunes. On the download was followed by a remix EP\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Night Fall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579887\",\n \"text\": \"her 1992 album \\\"Entre a Mi Mundo\\\". Where Did the Feeling Go? \\\"Where Did the Feeling Go?\\\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \\\"Selena\\\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579886\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did the Feeling Go? \\\"Where Did the Feeling Go?\\\" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film \\\"Selena\\\" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on the \\\"20 Years of Music\\\" version of\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Feeling Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114571\",\n \"text\": \"on December 29, 1964. It was equivalent to Motown 25 or Live Aid as a pivotal music concert event . When it hit theaters nationwide, it undoubtedly raised and extended the visibility of the \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" album. All tracks written by Holland–Dozier–Holland except as noted. The original album sold a million copies {in 1964-1965} stateside alone. The limited exclusive \\\"40th Anniversary\\\" version is now listed as \\\"sold out\\\". It remains, to date, their third best-selling studio album. Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114568\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group The Supremes, released in 1964. The album includes several of the group's singles and B-sides from 1963 and 1964. Included are the group's first Billboard Pop Singles number-one hits, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\", \\\"Baby Love\\\", and \\\"Come See About Me\\\", as well as their first Top 40 hit, \\\"When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes\\\", and the singles \\\"A Breathtaking Guy\\\" and \\\"Run, Run, Run\\\". With the release of this album, The Supremes became the first act in\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14286202\",\n \"text\": \"UNKLE revealed that \\\"Where Did the Night Fall\\\" would be re-released as \\\"Where Did the Night Fall – Another Night Out\\\". The first disc will contain the same songs that are on the original album but the second disc contains material from two of UNKLE's previous EPs, plus a number of exclusive and rare tracks. It was released on 11 April 2011. The standard edition comes packaged as a double jewel case with a 16-page booklet. The limited edition comes in a gold outer slipcase featuring a fully re-worked 16-page board book and 32-page booklet with new exclusive shots from\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Night Fall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"57830\",\n \"text\": \"Lee's order for the army to concentrate in that vicinity, turned south on the Carlisle and Harrisburg roads toward Gettysburg, while the Union XI Corps (Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard) raced north on the Baltimore Pike and Taneytown Road. By early afternoon, the Union line ran in a semicircle west, north, and northeast of Gettysburg. However, the Union did not have enough troops; Cutler, whose brigade was deployed north of the Chambersburg Pike, had his right flank in the air. The leftmost division of the XI Corps was unable to deploy in time to strengthen the line, so Doubleday was\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Gettysburg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4538723\",\n \"text\": \"200,000 copies sold by August 1999. At the time, Jeff Briggs of Firaxis commented that the game \\\"did extremely well for us\\\". From critics, it received \\\"universal acclaim\\\" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. \\\"Gettysburg!\\\" was a finalist for the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences' 1997 \\\"Strategy Game of the Year\\\" award, which ultimately went to \\\"StarCraft\\\" and \\\"Age of Empires\\\" (tie). Similarly, the Computer Game Developers Conference nominated \\\"Gettysburg!\\\" for its \\\"Best Strategy/Wargame\\\" Spotlight Award, but gave the prize to \\\"\\\". However, it was named the best computer wargame of 1997 by \\\"Computer Gaming World\\\", \\\"Computer Games\",\n \"title\": \"Sid Meier's Gettysburg!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13748304\",\n \"text\": \"Susquehanna, Gettysburg and Potomac Railway The Susquehanna, Gettysburg and Potomac Railway (SG&P) was a railroad that operated in Pennsylvania in the 1870s. The 17 mile (27 km) main line ran from Gettysburg to Hanover. The SG&P was formed in 1870 to purchase the assets of the Gettysburg Railroad. The railroad owned two steam locomotives, one passenger car and two freight cars. The line connected at Hanover to the Hanover Branch Railroad, which ran eastward to Hanover Junction, where it connected with the Northern Central Railway. Operations were handled by the Hanover Branch RR. In 1874 the SG&P merged with Hanover\",\n \"title\": \"Susquehanna, Gettysburg and Potomac Railway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16095480\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg National Museum The Gettysburg National Museum was a Gettysburg Battlefield visitor attraction on the south border of the Gettysburg borough. Established by George D. Rosensteel after working at his uncle's 1888 Round Top Museum, the facility had an interpretive Battle of Gettysburg map using incandescent lights and was acquired by the National Park Service for use as the 1974–2008 Gettysburg National Military Park museum and visitor center after the Cyclorama Building at Gettysburg and before the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center. In 1929, Dr. William J. Chewning, having amassed over 100,000 Civil War artifacts, opened The National Battlefield Museum\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg National Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641974\",\n \"text\": \"orderly withdrawal and managed to escape across the Potomac River without being drawn into another battle. Meade was heavily criticized by President Abraham Lincoln for his cautious pursuit and failure to destroy Lee's retreating army. Casualties were high with total losses on both sides over 27,000 Confederate and 23,000 Union. The residents of Gettysburg were left to care for the wounded and bury the dead following the Confederate retreat. Approximately 8,000 men and 3,000 horses lay under the summer sun. The soldiers' bodies were gradually reinterred in what is today known as Gettysburg National Cemetery, where, on November 19, 1863,\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2497524\",\n \"text\": \"eventually infantry support arrived to defend Seminary Ridge at the borough's west side. Oak Ridge, a northward extension of both McPherson Ridge and Seminary Ridge, is capped by Oak Hill, a site for artillery that commanded a good area north of the town. Prior to Pickett's Charge, \\\"\\\"159 guns stretching in a long line from the Peach Orchard to Oak Hill were to open simultaneously\\\"\\\". Directly south of the town is the gently-sloped Cemetery Hill named for the 1854 Evergreen Cemetery on its crest and where the 1863 Gettysburg Address dedicated the Gettysburg National Cemetery. Eastward are Culp's Hill and\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Battlefield\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"160405\",\n \"text\": \"the United States, its exact wording is disputed. The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincoln's hand differ in a number of details, and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech. Neither is it clear just where stood the platform from which Lincoln delivered the address. Modern scholarship locates the speakers' platform 40 yards (or more) away from the traditional site in Soldiers' National Cemetery at the Soldiers' National Monument, which means that it stood entirely within the private, adjacent Evergreen Cemetery. Following the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1–3, 1863, the removal of the fallen\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Address\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11690819\",\n \"text\": \"released as a radio-single in the United States, where the song received airplay but failed to chart due in part to no official release. The video features Liam being interviewed whilst Noel sings whilst reading a newspaper and looking at what is going on in the building opposite where he and the band are. Where Did It All Go Wrong? \\\"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\\\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \\\"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\\\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8777752\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg Cyclorama The Battle of Gettysburg, also known as the Gettysburg Cyclorama, is a cyclorama painting by the French artist Paul Philippoteaux depicting Pickett's Charge, the climactic Confederate attack on the Union forces during the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863. The painting is the work of French artist Paul Dominique Philippoteaux. It depicts Pickett's Charge, the failed infantry assault that was the climax of the Battle of Gettysburg. The painting is a \\\"cyclorama\\\", a type of 360° cylindrical painting. The intended effect is to immerse the viewer in the scene being depicted, often with the addition of foreground\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Cyclorama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641993\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg which provides language services to migrant workers. Additionally, the Adams County Literacy Council is located at 34 Foth Alley, Gettysburg. Libraries Community members have access to the Adams County Public Library which is located on 140 Baltimore Street in Gettysburg; Fairfield Area Library located at 31 Worts Drive in Fairfield; the Adams County Historical Society Library which is located at 368 Springs Avenue, in Gettysburg; the Adams County Law Library located in the Court House, 117 Baltimore Street, Room 305 in Gettysburg and to the statewide PA Power Library which is an online library funded with tax dollars from\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641990\",\n \"text\": \"Vida Charter School achieved a score 81.1 of out of 100 for student achievement. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2,181 public schools (less than 73 percent of Pennsylvania public schools), achieved an academic score of 70 or higher. In 2012, Vida Charter School achieved Adequate yearly Progress (AYP). Children residing in Gettysburg may also attend Gettysburg Montessori Charter School which offers full day Kindergarten through 6th grade. This public charter school operates at 120 E Broadway, Gettysburg. The Gettysburg Montessori Charter School achieved AYP in both 2011 and 2012. In 2013, Gettysburg Montessori Charter School achieved a score\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641987\",\n \"text\": \"of 498 public schools for academic achievement of its pupils. In 2012, Gettysburg Area School District achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP), even though the Gettysburg Area High School was in Making Progress: in School Improvement II AYP status, under the federal No Child Left Behind, due to lagging student achievement, especially in reading. Several of the District's schools are located in Gettysburg. Gettysburg Area High School is located at 1130 Old Harrisburg Road. Gettysburg Area Middle School is located at 37 Lefever Street. Lincoln Elementary School is located at 98 Lefever Street. James Gettys Elementary School is located at 898\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641986\",\n \"text\": \"operates public transportation in Adams County. Freedom Transit, implemented in 2009, The hub of the bus system, the new Gettysburg Transit Center, is under construction on Carlisle Street. Beginning in 2011, a Rabbit Transit commuter bus to Harrisburg runs four times each weekday in each direction. Residents of Gettysburg may attend the local, public schools operated by Gettysburg Area School District which provides full day kindergarten through 12th grade. In 2013, the Gettysburg Area School District's enrollment had declined to 2,997 students in kindergarten through 12th grade. In 2013, the Pittsburgh Business Times ranked Gettysburg Area School District 171st out\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"641972\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Strabane\\\" township location between \\\"Hunter's and Getty's towns\\\" was planned to become the Adams county seat. One year later \\\"Revd. Alexander Dobbin and David Moore Sr. were appointed trustees for the county of Adams to erect public buildings in…Gettysburg.\\\" 1858: The Gettysburg Railroad completed construction of a railroad line from Gettysburg to Hanover and the Gettysburg Railroad Station opened a year later. Passenger train service to the town ended in 1942. The station was restored in 2006. In 2011, Senator Robert Casey introduced S. 1897, which would include the railroad station within the boundary of Gettysburg National Military Park. 1860:\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, Pennsylvania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4601483\",\n \"text\": \"of his political enemies in front of the Joint Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War, questioning his actions at Gettysburg and his failure to defeat Lee during the retreat to the Potomac. On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln spoke at the dedication ceremonies for the national cemetery created at the Gettysburg battlefield. His Gettysburg Address redefined the war, calling for a \\\"new birth of freedom\\\" in the nation, which established the destruction of slavery as an implied goal. Gettysburg Campaign The Gettysburg Campaign was a military invasion of Pennsylvania by the main Confederate army under General Robert E.\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2727169\",\n \"text\": \"president of Gettysburg College from 1850 until his death in 1868. Early in his military career, Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife, Mamie, lived in a house in Gettysburg that was across the street from the college (the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity House until 1955 on N. Washington Street). Both were fond of the town, so they decided to retire to a working farm adjacent to the battlefield after Eisenhower left the army. It was there that President Eisenhower recuperated from his 1955 heart attack. While living in Gettysburg, Eisenhower became involved with Gettysburg College. He served on the Gettysburg\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2727165\",\n \"text\": \"ranked Gettysburg College as the 11th in its list of the Best Schools for Internships, one of only four liberal arts schools in the top 25. The college is the home of \\\"The Gettysburg Review\\\", a literary magazine. Gettysburg College was founded in 1832, as a sister institution for the Lutheran Theological Seminary. Both owe their inception to Thaddeus Stevens, a Radical Republican and abolitionist from Gettysburg. The college's original name was Pennsylvania College; it was founded by Samuel Simon Schmucker. In 1839, seven years after Gettysburg College was first founded, Drs. George McClellan (founder of Jefferson Medical College), Samuel\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2497544\",\n \"text\": \"was razed April 8, 2010. Similarly, the Gettysburg National Museum was demolished in 2008. In 2008, the Gettysburg National Military Park had 1,320 monuments, 410 cannon, 148 historic buildings, 2½ observation towers, and of avenues, roads, and lanes; (8 unpaved). \\\"one of the largest collections of outdoor sculpture in the world.\\\" In February 2013 the landmark modernist Cyclorama Building and Visitor Center, designed by renowned architect Richard Neutra, was destroyed. The 19th century Gettysburg Cyclorama depicting the battlefield had previously been removed for restoration, and was reinstalled in the new rustic style Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center. The Gettysburg National\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Battlefield\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17742600\",\n \"text\": \"War I officers' quarters, and Reuning House is a now a private residence protected by a 1972 borough ordinance extending the historical district to include the building. Gettysburg Academy Gettysburg Academy (also known as the Classical Preparatory School and the Gettysburg Gymnasium) was an antebellum boys' boarding school for which the vernacular architecture schoolhouse (now \\\"Reuning Hall\\\") was the \\\"first home\\\" of the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and Gettysburg College. The March 19, 1810 incorporation by the commonwealth appropriated $2,000, and the academy opened in 1814 for the school year with Samuel Ramsay as the first teacher. By 1822\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17742598\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg Academy Gettysburg Academy (also known as the Classical Preparatory School and the Gettysburg Gymnasium) was an antebellum boys' boarding school for which the vernacular architecture schoolhouse (now \\\"Reuning Hall\\\") was the \\\"first home\\\" of the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and Gettysburg College. The March 19, 1810 incorporation by the commonwealth appropriated $2,000, and the academy opened in 1814 for the school year with Samuel Ramsay as the first teacher. By 1822 the boarding school had three dormitories, libraries, and a gymnasium and beginning in 1926, the academy trustees allowed the Lutheran seminary to use the facility — D.\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16801515\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg Formation The Gettysburg Formation is a mapped bedrock unit consisting primarily of sandstones, conglomerates, and shales. The Gettysburg Formation was first described in the Gettysburg area of Adams County, Pennsylvania in 1929, and over the following decade was mapped in adjacent York County, Pennsylvania and Frederick County, Maryland. It was then typically called the \\\"Gettysburg shale,\\\" and was described as \\\"thick red shales and soft red sandstones.\\\" The majority of this early mapping was done by G. W. Stose, A. I. Jonas, and Florence Bascom. Later workers described it as \\\"Red, medium- to fine-grained sandstone and shale.\\\" The rock\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Formation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16180479\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg Airport The Gettysburg Airport (Forney Airfield in World War II) was a Gettysburg Battlefield facility northwest of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the west slope of Oak Ridge off of the Mummasburg Road. The Gettysburg Flying Service operated airplane tours of the battefield from the west slope of Oak Ridge in the 1920s (cf. the Battlefield Airways at the Battlefield Airport across from The Peach Orchard), and the field was a 1939 site on the initial transcontinental airmail line. In 1937, TBD Bircher took over the Boulevard airport in southeast Pennsylvania (\\\"William Penn airport\\\" when opened in 1917, closed 1951), but\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"160462\",\n \"text\": \"compiled \\\"Gettysburg Replies: The World Responds to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address\\\". The work challenges leaders to craft 272 word responses to celebrate Lincoln, the Gettysburg Address, or a related topic. One of the replies was by astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson in which he made the point that one of Lincoln's greatest legacies was establishing, in the same year of the Gettysburg Address, the National Academy of Sciences, which had the longterm effect of \\\"setting our Nation on a course of scientifically enlightened governance, without which we all may perish from this Earth\\\". A common American myth about the Gettysburg Address\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Address\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15270864\",\n \"text\": \"community, for sporting events and community meetings. In 1944, the Gettysburg Armory was used as a temporary German Prisoner of War camp while the official camp was being constructed on the Gettysburg Battlefield. Later the building was designated as a public fallout shelter by the National Fallout Shelter Survey. In 2010, the building was vacated by Battery B, 1/108th Field Artillery after a new readiness center was constructed in South Mountain. In 2013, the Armory was transferred to the private sector by the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Gettysburg Armory The Gettysburg Armory is a former National Guard armory located at Gettysburg,\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Armory\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12095053\",\n \"text\": \"depot's first floor is a museum with an information counter and is open daily (free) to the public. The museum contains models, diagrams, exhibits, and artifacts which were found during the renovation of the station. Gettysburg station The Gettysburg Lincoln Railroad Station, also known as the \\\"Gettysburg Train Station,\\\" \\\"Lincoln Train Station\\\" or \\\"Western Maryland Railroad Station,\\\" is a historic train station with depot, platform, museum and offices on Carlisle Street in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Operable from 1858 to 1942, it contributes to the Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District and is most notable as President Abraham Lincoln's point of arrival on November\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12095052\",\n \"text\": \"the property on May 6, 1998; the Gettysburg Convention and Visitors' Bureau vacated the depot in 2002; and renovation began in January 2005 (completed 2006). The Pennsylvania Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission was \\\"pivotal in the grand re-opening of the Historic Gettysburg Train Station\\\" on the 2006 anniversary of Lincoln's arrival. The borough approved a 2007 2nd floor lease for the Gettysburg International Arts Festival, and the station has been operated by the National Trust for Historic Gettysburg since 2008. In 2010, by Todd Platts failed in the US Senate for allowing Gettysburg National Military Park acquisition of the depot. The\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12095046\",\n \"text\": \"the war. On 2015, following several years of delays, the station, which was originally owned by the Borough of Gettysburg but was bought by the Gettysburg Foundation, the non-profit partner to the National Park Service, was placed under the purview of the National Park Service. After an uncompleted 1830s plan for a railroad through Gettysburg, on December 1, 1858, the Gettysburg Railroad line was completed from the east to Gettysburg with a reception for railroad dignitaries held several days later at \\\"a large and recently furnished building near the depot\\\" (the depot was being built on purchased from George W\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579999\",\n \"text\": \"this single did prove popular on the radio. Where Did All the Love Go? \\\"Where Did All the Love Go?\\\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \\\"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\\\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \\\"New Musical Express\\\" stating that \\\"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\\\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \\\"The Sun\\\" that\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did All the Love Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11690817\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did It All Go Wrong? \\\"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\\\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \\\"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\\\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs on \\\"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\\\" that features him on lead vocals. In explaining why front man Liam Gallagher did not sing the song, Noel claimed that: \\\"[Vocally] Liam just couldn't get that one. The melody shifts quite a lot... Liam hasn't got that dynamism in his voice.\\\" Noel stated that the song's\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1631209\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg National Cemetery Gettysburg National Cemetery is a United States national cemetery created for Union/Federal casualties of the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War (1861-1865). It is located just outside Gettysburg Borough to the south, in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The land was part of the Gettysburg Battlefield, and the cemetery is within Gettysburg National Military Park administered by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior. Originally called Soldiers' National Cemetery, U.S. 16th President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865, served 1861-1865), delivered his Gettysburg Address at the cemetery's consecration, November 19,\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg National Cemetery\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13512778\",\n \"text\": \"Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad The Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad was a railroad line in Pennsylvania in the 19th century. The 38 mile (61 km) main line ran from Orrtanna to Hanover Junction, where it connected with the Northern Central Railway (a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad). Connections along the main line were to the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad (at Gettysburg), the Bachman Valley Railroad (Valley Junction), and the Pennsylvania Railroad (Porter's Sideling). The Hanover Junction Company was chartered in 1874 and took over train operations of (merged) the railway lines of the Hanover Branch Railroad and\",\n \"title\": \"Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1631214\",\n \"text\": \"at least 1 reinterment was from the neighboring Evergreen Cemetery (Adams County, Pennsylvania). \\\"Original Report\\\": </ref> Gettysburg National Cemetery Gettysburg National Cemetery is a United States national cemetery created for Union/Federal casualties of the July 1 to 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War (1861-1865). It is located just outside Gettysburg Borough to the south, in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The land was part of the Gettysburg Battlefield, and the cemetery is within Gettysburg National Military Park administered by the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior. Originally called Soldiers' National Cemetery, U.S. 16th\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg National Cemetery\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12334921\",\n \"text\": \"13, and by August 15 the entire Grand Camp had been removed except \\\"four great water storage reservoirs\\\". A movie, \\\"United at Gettysburg\\\", documented the reunion, and Lt Col Lewis E. Beitler, Secretary of the Commission, completed the compilation of the organizations' reports on the December 31, 1913. To commemorate the 1913 Gettysburg reunion, a colonial portico was opened in May 1914 at the Seminary's Old Dorm (only the concrete base remains), and the 1938 Eternal Light Peace Memorial was erected on Oak Ridge, north of Gettysburg. 1913 Gettysburg reunion The 1913 Gettysburg reunion was a Gettysburg Battlefield encampment of\",\n \"title\": \"1913 Gettysburg reunion\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1224295\",\n \"text\": \"Laredo, Texas, a successful American horse trainer, was born in Gettysburg in 1965. Gettysburg, South Dakota Gettysburg is a city in Potter County, South Dakota, United States, along the 45th parallel. The population was 1,162 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Potter County. Gettysburg was platted in 1884. The city was named in commemoration of the Battle of Gettysburg. A large share of the early settlers were veterans of the Civil War. Gettysburg is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, South Dakota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1224287\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg, South Dakota Gettysburg is a city in Potter County, South Dakota, United States, along the 45th parallel. The population was 1,162 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Potter County. Gettysburg was platted in 1884. The city was named in commemoration of the Battle of Gettysburg. A large share of the early settlers were veterans of the Civil War. Gettysburg is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. Gettysburg has been assigned the ZIP code 57442 and the FIPS place code\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg, South Dakota\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6650241\",\n \"text\": \"preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit. For the 2011−12 school year, the Gettysburg Area School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index. Each year the Gettysburg Area School Board has the option of adopting either 1) a resolution in January certifying they will not increase taxes above their index or 2) a preliminary budget in February. A school district adopting the resolution\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Area School District\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903015\",\n \"text\": \"was included as a B-side to the 1992 single \\\"Somewhere in America (There's a Street Named After My Dad)\\\". \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" was covered by the British pop duo Wham! on 14 October 1986 as one of the three B-sides to \\\"The Edge of Heaven\\\" in the UK, where it reached number 1. The song was also released separately as Wham!'s final single in several territories most notably in the US where it peaked at number 50 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 in November 1986. It was produced and re-arranged by George Michael with engineering by Chris Porter.\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8777770\",\n \"text\": \"the buck-eye was obviously of inferior quality to the Chicago Version which King had in his possession. In 1957 the Milwaukee County Historical Society contacted the firm of lawyers who had been acting for McConnell and asked if they could purchase the painting and were informed that it had been destroyed. Photos: Gettysburg Cyclorama The Battle of Gettysburg, also known as the Gettysburg Cyclorama, is a cyclorama painting by the French artist Paul Philippoteaux depicting Pickett's Charge, the climactic Confederate attack on the Union forces during the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863. The painting is the work of\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Cyclorama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7894807\",\n \"text\": \"before 1978 and although there was a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. Lou Zocchi comments: \\\"With \\\"Gettysburg\\\", Roberts created a game that evoked memories of brilliant commanders such as Lee and Jackson, even as players grew to understand the intricacies of their commands.\\\" Gary Gygax began playing \\\"Gettysburg\\\" by December 1958, and Dave Arneson started playing the game in the early 1960s. Gygax and Arneson later designed the seminal role-playing game \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" in 1974, which grew out of their experience with wargames. Gettysburg (game) Gettysburg is a board wargame produced by Avalon Hill which re-enacts the\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg (game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2727198\",\n \"text\": \"a music department was established at Gettysburg College with Wagnild as the chair. He received an honorary doctorate of music from Thiel College in 1972, as well as an honorary doctorate of divinity from Gettysburg College. Wagnild retired in 1976 after over 40 years of directing the college choir, and passed away in 1992. Today, Gettysburg College is home to the Sunderman Conservatory of Music, which was established in 2006 after the death of Gettysburg College alum Dr. F. William Sunderman in 2003. Sunderman, the medical director for the Manhattan Project, was a violinist who led numerous ensembles during his\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2727170\",\n \"text\": \"College Board of Trustees, and he was given an office, which he used when writing his memoirs. Eisenhower’s old office is now named Eisenhower House and is occupied by Gettysburg College’s office of admissions. Eisenhower’s grandson, David, and his granddaughter Susan continue a certain level of family involvement with the institution. Today the Eisenhower Institute, a nationally recognized center for leadership and public policy based in Gettysburg and Washington, D.C., is formally recognized as a distinctive program of the college. The college is located on a campus adjacent to the Gettysburg National Military Park. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, is 36 miles (60\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2497546\",\n \"text\": \"acquisitions. In 2015, the Trust paid $6 million for a four-acre parcel that included the stone house that Lee used as his headquarters during the battle. The Trust razed a motel, restaurant and other buildings within the parcel to restore the site to its wartime appearance, added interpretive signs and opened the site to the public in October, 2016. Gettysburg Battlefield The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg within and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the site of the first shot at\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Battlefield\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2497532\",\n \"text\": \"cities for reburial, 2,935 being interred in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond. Seventy-three bodies were reburied in home cemeteries. The cemetery was transferred to the United States government May 1872, and the last Battle of Gettysburg body was reburied in the national cemetery after being discovered in 1997. Union Gettysburg veteran Emmor Cope was detailed to annotate the battlefield's troop positions and his \\\"\\\"Map of the Battlefield of Gettysburg from the original survey made August to October, 1863\\\"\\\" was displayed at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Also in 1863, John B. Bachelder escorted convalescing officers at Gettysburg to identify battlefield locations (during\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Battlefield\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16801516\",\n \"text\": \"unit was formalized into a Formation in 1963 by J. D. Glaeser. Glaeser re-mapped some areas previously mapped as the Gettysburg Formation to the Hammer Creek Formation. A major groundwater resources study of the Gettysburg Formation and other formations of the Newark Supergroup in Pennsylvania was published by Charles R. Wood in 1980. The Gettysburg Formation and other formations of the Newark Supergroup were deposited in the Gettysburg Basin, just one of many Triassic rift basins existing on the east coast of North and South America, which formed as plate tectonics pulled apart Pangaea into the continents we see today.\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Formation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"160406\",\n \"text\": \"Union soldiers from the Gettysburg Battlefield graves and their reburial in graves at the National Cemetery at Gettysburg began on October 17. In inviting President Lincoln to the ceremonies, David Wills, of the committee for the November 19 Consecration of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, wrote, \\\"It is the desire that, after the Oration, you, as Chief Executive of the nation, formally set apart these grounds to their sacred use by a few appropriate remarks.\\\" On the train trip from Washington, D.C., to Gettysburg on November 18, Lincoln was accompanied by three members of his Cabinet, William Seward, John Usher\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Address\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"160403\",\n \"text\": \"Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg Address is a speech that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is one of the best-known speeches in American history. Although not the day's primary speech, Lincoln's carefully crafted address came to be seen as one of the greatest and most influential statements of American national purpose. In just 271 words, beginning with\",\n \"title\": \"Gettysburg Address\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["united states of america"],"string":"[\n \"united states of america\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2183,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who does cristiano ronaldo play for in 2010?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"20951830","text":"Transfer of Cristiano Ronaldo from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. Cristiano Ronaldo was transferred from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. on 10 July 2018. Worth €100 million, the transfer was the highest ever for a player over 30 years old, and the highest ever paid by an Italian club. It was dubbed \"the deal of the century\" by Italian advertisers and media outlets, and the consequent effects became widely referred to as the \"Cristiano Ronaldo effect\". The transfer saga surfaced on 26 May 2018, where after the Champions League Final, Ronaldo referred to his time with the Spanish","title":"Transfer of Cristiano Ronaldo from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C."}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20951830\",\n \"text\": \"Transfer of Cristiano Ronaldo from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. Cristiano Ronaldo was transferred from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. on 10 July 2018. Worth €100 million, the transfer was the highest ever for a player over 30 years old, and the highest ever paid by an Italian club. It was dubbed \\\"the deal of the century\\\" by Italian advertisers and media outlets, and the consequent effects became widely referred to as the \\\"Cristiano Ronaldo effect\\\". The transfer saga surfaced on 26 May 2018, where after the Champions League Final, Ronaldo referred to his time with the Spanish\",\n \"title\": \"Transfer of Cristiano Ronaldo from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C.\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3048741","text":"Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, the most for a European player, and is the first player to win four European Golden Shoes. He has won 26 trophies in his career, including five league titles, five UEFA Champions League titles and one UEFA European Championship.","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048867","text":"describing them as an \"intentional defamation campaign\" with parts significantly \"altered and/or completely fabricated\", a claim which \"Der Spiegel\" categorically refuted. Sporting CP Manchester United Real Madrid Portugal Notes Citations Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, the most for a European player, and is the","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048856","text":"Ronaldo—in a partnership with Eden Parfums—released his own fragrance, \"Legacy\". In 2007, C.D. Nacional renamed its youth campus Cristiano Ronaldo Campus Futebol (Cristiano Ronaldo Football Campus). In December 2013, Ronaldo opened a museum, Museu CR7, in his hometown of Funchal, Madeira, to house trophies and memorabilia of his life and playing career; the museum is an official sponsor of the local football team União da Madeira. At a ceremony held at the Belém Palace in January 2014, President of Portugal Aníbal Cavaco Silva raised Ronaldo to the rank of Grand Officer of the Order of Prince Henry, \"to distinguish an","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048852","text":"103 million followers: he became the first sportsperson to reach 50 million followers in August 2010, and in October 2014, he became the first sportsperson, and the second person after Shakira, to reach 100 million followers. By June 2017, Ronaldo had 277 million followers across social media. His sponsors earned $936 million in media value across his social media accounts between June 2016 to June 2017. Ronaldo has released two mobile apps: in December 2011, he launched an iPhone game called \"Heads Up with Cristiano\", created by developer RockLive, and in December 2013, he launched \"Viva Ronaldo\", a dedicated social","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048860","text":"him drinking heavily in a nightclub while recovering from an injury in July 2008. His mother, Dolores, was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2007 but eventually recovered. Ronaldo has four children. He first became a father to son, Cristiano Jr., born on 17 June 2010 in the United States. He stated that he has full custody of the child and would not be publicly revealing the identity of the mother as per agreement with her, it was unclear whether it was a relationship or surrogacy. In January 2015, Ronaldo announced his five-year relationship with Russian model Irina Shayk has ended.","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048782","text":"season, however, he signed a new contract that extended his stay by three years to 2018, with a salary of €17 million net, making him briefly the highest-paid player in football. He was joined at the club by winger Gareth Bale, whose world record transfer fee of €100 million surpassed the fee Madrid had paid for Ronaldo four years prior. Together with striker Karim Benzema, they formed an attacking trio popularly dubbed \"BBC\", an acronym of Bale, Benzema, and Cristiano, and a play off the name of the public service broadcaster. After enjoying a strong goalscoring run during the first","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048858","text":"led by David Sobral from Lisbon and Leiden discovered a galaxy which they named CR7 (Cosmos Redshift 7) in tribute to Ronaldo. On 23 July 2016, following Portugal's triumph at Euro 2016, Madeira Airport in Funchal was renamed as Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport. The unveiling of the rebranded terminal took place on 29 March 2017, which included a bust of his head being presented. The bust and the name change were controversial, with the lack of the bust's likeness to Ronaldo being ridiculed by comedians, including \"Saturday Night Live\", while the name change was subject to much debate locally by","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048821","text":"we had two or three Cristiano Ronaldos in the team I would feel more comfortable. But we don't.\" Despite ongoing doubts over his fitness, being forced to abort practice twice, Ronaldo played the full 90 minutes of the opening match against Germany, though he was unable to prevent a 4–0 defeat. After assisting an injury-time 2–2 equaliser against the United States, he scored a late match-winning goal in a 2–1 victory over Ghana. His 50th international goal made him the first Portuguese to play and score in three World Cups. Portugal were eliminated from the tournament at the close of","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048862","text":"killed. Following this, Ronaldo visited Aceh, Indonesia, to raise funds for rehabilitation and reconstruction. After accepting undisclosed damages from a libel case against \"The Sun\" newspaper in 2008, Ronaldo donated the damages to a charity in Madeira. In 2009, Ronaldo donated £100,000 to the hospital that saved his mother's life in Madeira following her battle with cancer, so that they could build a cancer centre on the island. In support of the victims of the 2010 Madeira flood, Ronaldo pledged to play in a charity match in Madeira between Primeira Liga club Porto and players from Madeiran-based clubs Marítimo and","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048854","text":"documentary narrated by the actor Benedict Cumberbatch, was released via Vimeo in June 2014. A documentary film about his life and career, titled \"Ronaldo\", was released worldwide on 9 November 2015. Directed by BAFTA-winner Anthony Wonke, the film is produced and distributed by Universal Pictures, while Asif Kapadia is the executive producer. A replica Cristiano Ronaldo jersey has been a much sought after sports product throughout his career. In 2008, Ronaldo's number 7 Manchester United jersey was the best-selling sports product under the auspices of the Premier League. In 2018, within 24 hours of his number 7 Juventus jersey being","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048827","text":"in international football. In Portugal's opening match of the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup against Mexico on 17 June, Cristiano Ronaldo set-up Quaresma's opening goal in a 2–2 draw. Three days later, he scored in a 1–0 win over hosts Russia. On 24 June, he scored from a penalty in a 4–0 win over New Zealand, which saw Portugal top their group and advance to the semi-finals of the competition. With his 75th international goal, Ronaldo also equalled Sándor Kocsis as the second-highest European international goalscorer of all-time, behind only Ferenc Puskás. He was named man of the match in all","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048747","text":"by \"Forbes\" in 2016 and 2017, as well as the world's most famous athlete by ESPN in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro was born in São Pedro, Funchal, on the island of Madeira, Portugal, and grew up in Santo António, Funchal. He is the fourth and youngest child of Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro (b. 1954), a cook, and José Dinis Aveiro (1953–2005), a municipal gardener and a part-time kit man. His second given name, \"Ronaldo\", was chosen after then-U.S. president Ronald Reagan. His great-grandmother on his father's side, Isabel da Piedade, was from the island","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048846","text":"other sometimes in the competition, this is why the competition is so high\", while Ronaldo's manager during his time at Manchester United, Alex Ferguson, opined that \"I don't think the rivalry against each other bothers them. I think they have their own personal pride in terms of wanting to be the best\". Messi himself denied any rivalry, saying that it was \"only the media, the press, who wants us to be at loggerheads but I've never fought with Cristiano\". Responding to the claims that he and Messi do not get on well on a personal level, Ronaldo commented, \"We don't","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"19056556","text":"film also follow Ronaldo's day-to-day life with family and friends, including his son Cristiano Jr., his mother Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro, his brother Hugo and his sisters Elma and Cátia Aveiro. Ronaldo (film) Ronaldo is a 2015 British documentary film directed by Anthony Wonke. It follows the life and career of Portuguese professional footballer Cristiano Ronaldo. The film was released worldwide on 9 November 2015. A trailer for the film was released on 28 September 2015. Directed by Anthony Wonke and executive-produced by Asif Kapadia, who directed \"Senna\" (2010) and \"Amy\" (2015), documentaries depicting the lives and deaths of","title":"Ronaldo (film)"},{"psg_id":"3048757","text":"Ruud van Nistelrooy, who took offence at the winger's showboating style of play. Following the 2006 FIFA World Cup, in which he was involved in an incident where club teammate Wayne Rooney was sent off, Ronaldo publicly asked for a transfer, lamenting the lack of support he felt he had received from the club over the incident. United, however, denied the possibility of him leaving the club. Although his World Cup altercation with Rooney resulted in Ronaldo being booed throughout the 2006–07 season, it proved to be his breakout year, as he broke the 20-goal barrier for the first time","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048859","text":"some politicians and citizens, who even started a petition against the move, an action criticised by President of Madeira Miguel Albuquerque. A year later, sports website Bleacher Report commissioned sculptor Emanuel Santos to create another bust. However, this bust was never used; instead, a new one was made by a Spanish sculptor, shown to the public on 15 June 2018. Ronaldo's father, José, died of an alcoholism-related liver condition at age 52 in September 2005 when Ronaldo was 20. Ronaldo has said that he does not drink alcohol, and he received libel damages over a \"Daily Mirror\" article that reported","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048750","text":"multiple cardiac pathways into one, altering his resting heart rate. He was discharged from the hospital hours after the procedure and resumed training a few days later. At age 16, Ronaldo was promoted from Sporting's youth team by first-team manager László Bölöni, who was impressed with his dribbling. He subsequently became the first player to play for the club's under-16, under-17 and under-18 teams, the B team, and the first team, all within a single season. A year later, on 7 October 2002, Ronaldo made his debut in the Primeira Liga, against Moreirense, and scored two goals in their 3–0","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048857","text":"athlete of world renown who has been a symbol of Portugal globally, contributing to the international projection of the country and setting an example of tenacity for future generations\". A bronze statue of Ronaldo, designed by artist Ricardo Madeira Veloso, was unveiled in Funchal on 21 December 2014. In June 2010, during the build-up to the World Cup, Ronaldo became the fourth footballer – after Steven Gerrard, Pelé and David Beckham – to be represented as a waxwork at Madame Tussauds London. Another waxwork of him was presented at the Madrid Wax Museum in December 2013. In June 2015, astronomers","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048820","text":"of a 4–2 qualifying victory on 6 September 2013. After Portugal failed to qualify during the regular campaign, Ronaldo scored all four of the team's goals in the play-offs against Sweden, which ensured their place at the tournament. His hat-trick in the second leg took his international tally to 47 goals, equaling Pauleta's record. Ronaldo subsequently scored twice in a 5–1 friendly win over Cameroon on 5 March 2014 to become his country's all-time top scorer. Ronaldo took part in the tournament despite suffering from patellar tendinitis and a related thigh injury, potentially risking his career. Ronaldo later commented: \"If","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048865","text":"several different outfits and poses. In the app, fans can select from among 68 photos of Ronaldo in different outfits and poses, and scroll through 39 filters to apply to their selfies. In July 2017, Ronaldo was charged with fraudulently evading almost €15 million in tax between 2011 and 2014, a claim he denied at the time. In June 2018 Ronaldo was given a two-year suspended jail sentence and fined €18.8 million, later reduced to €16.8 million after reaching a deal with Spanish authorities. The sentence can be served under probation, without any jail time, so long as he does","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048749","text":"Alcochete, near Lisbon, to join Sporting's other youth players at the club's football academy. By age 14, Ronaldo believed he had the ability to play semi-professionally, and agreed with his mother to cease his education in order to focus entirely on football. While popular with other students at school, he had been expelled after throwing a chair at his teacher, who he said had \"disrespected\" him. However, one year later, he was diagnosed with a racing heart, a condition that could have forced him to give up playing football. Ronaldo underwent heart surgery where a laser was used to cauterise","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"19056554","text":"Ronaldo (film) Ronaldo is a 2015 British documentary film directed by Anthony Wonke. It follows the life and career of Portuguese professional footballer Cristiano Ronaldo. The film was released worldwide on 9 November 2015. A trailer for the film was released on 28 September 2015. Directed by Anthony Wonke and executive-produced by Asif Kapadia, who directed \"Senna\" (2010) and \"Amy\" (2015), documentaries depicting the lives and deaths of Brazilian racing driver Ayrton Senna and English singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse respectively, \"Ronaldo\" was shot over the course of 14 months with the film-makers gaining access to Ronaldo's private life and inner circle","title":"Ronaldo (film)"},{"psg_id":"3048756","text":"Middlesbrough. Midway through the season, in November, he signed a new contract which extended his previous deal by two years to 2010. Ronaldo won his second trophy in English football, the Football League Cup, after scoring the third goal in United's 4–0 final victory over Wigan Athletic. During his third season in England, Ronaldo was involved in several incidents. He had a one-match ban imposed on him by UEFA for a \"one-fingered gesture\" towards Benfica fans, and was sent off in the Manchester derby—a 3–1 defeat—for kicking Manchester City's former United player Andy Cole. Ronaldo clashed with a teammate, striker","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"19056555","text":"of friends, family and team-mates. The film was shot in Madeira, Ronaldo's birthplace, Lisbon, where he began his professional career with Sporting CP, and Madrid, where he was residing when he played for Real Madrid. Ronaldo himself announced the film's production on Twitter on 9 June 2015, posting a picture of his son, Cristiano Jr., behind a camera along with the announcement. \"Ronaldo\" documents the life of Cristiano Ronaldo (born Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro; 5 February 1985), from his childhood until 2015, through a series of interviews with Ronaldo himself as well as friends and family. Parts of the","title":"Ronaldo (film)"},{"psg_id":"18309296","text":"\"only the media, the press, who wants us to be at loggerheads but I've never fought with Cristiano\". However, it is widely argued and documented that there's an atmosphere of tension between the duo, with Guillem Balagué claiming in \"Messi\" that Ronaldo refers to the Argentine counterpart as \"motherfucker\" behind his back, and Luca Caioli saying in his book, \"Ronaldo: The Obsession for Perfection\", that according to his sources, Ronaldo heats up when watching Messi play. In response to claims that he and Messi do not get on well on a personal level, Ronaldo commented: \"We don't have a relationship","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"3048796","text":"50 goals across all competitions. For his efforts during the season, he received the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award for a second time. Ronaldo missed Real Madrid's first three matches of the 2016–17 season, including the 2016 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla, as he continued to rehabilitate the knee injury he suffered against France in the final of Euro 2016. On 15 September, Ronaldo did not celebrate his late free kick equaliser against Sporting CP in the Champions League, with Ronaldo stating post match, \"they made me who I am.\" On 6 November, Ronaldo signed a new contract set","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048816","text":"in the same game, he also set-up Portugal's third goal in injury time, which was scored by Quaresma, and was named man of the match for his performance. Portugal were eliminated in the quarter-finals with a 3–2 loss against eventual finalists Germany. After Portugal's unsuccessful performance in the European Championship, Luiz Felipe Scolari was replaced as coach by Carlos Queiroz, formerly the assistant manager at United. Queiroz made Ronaldo the squad's permanent captain in July 2008. Ronaldo failed to score a single goal in the qualification for the 2010 World Cup, as Portugal narrowly avoided a premature elimination from the","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048771","text":"in a single month. Ronaldo subsequently scored further hat-tricks against Athletic Bilbao, Levante, Villarreal, and Málaga. Despite his performance, he failed to make the podium for the inaugural FIFA Ballon d'Or at the end of 2010. During a historical series of four \"Clásicos\" against rivals Barcelona in April 2011, Ronaldo scored twice to equal his personal record of 42 goals in all competitions in a single season. Although he failed to find the net during Madrid's eventual elimination in the Champions League semi-finals, he equalised from the penalty spot in the return league game and scored the match-winning goal in","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048828","text":"three of Portugal's group stage matches. Ronaldo left the competition early: after Chile defeated Portugal 3–0 on penalties in the semi-finals, he was allowed to return home to be with his newborn children. Therefore, he missed Portugal's third-place play-off match in which Portugal defeated Mexico 2–1 after extra time. On 31 August 2017, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win in a World Cup qualifier over the Faroe Islands, which saw him overtake Pelé and equal Hussein Saeed as the joint-fifth-highest goalscorer in international football with 78 goals. These goals brought his tally in the 2018 World Cup qualifiers","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048824","text":"then secured a 1–0 victory late in extra time. After his team progressed past Poland on penalties, Ronaldo became the first player to participate in three European Championship semi-finals; he scored the opening goal and assisted a second in a 2–0 win against Wales, equaling Michel Platini as the competition's all-time top scorer with nine goals. In the final against hosts France, Ronaldo was forced off after just 25 minutes following a challenge from Dimitri Payet. After multiple treatments and attempts to play on, he was stretchered off the pitch and replaced by Quaresma. During extra time, substitute Eder scored","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048748","text":"of São Vicente, Cape Verde. He has one older brother, Hugo (b. 1975), and two older sisters, Elma (b. 1973) and Liliana Cátia \"Katia\" (b. 1977), who is a singer. Ronaldo grew up in a Catholic and impoverished home, sharing a room with all his siblings. As a child, Ronaldo played for amateur team Andorinha from 1992 to 1995, where his father was the kit man, and later spent two years with Nacional. In 1997, aged 12, he went on a three-day trial with Sporting CP, who signed him for a fee of £1,500. He subsequently moved from Madeira to","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048863","text":"Nacional. In 2012, Ronaldo and his agent paid for specialist treatment for a nine-year-old Canarian boy with apparently terminal cancer. In November 2012, Ronaldo sold the golden boot he had won in 2011 for €1.5 million and gave the money to fund schools for children in Gaza. In December 2012, Ronaldo joined FIFA's \"11 for Health\" programme to raise awareness amongst kids of how to steer clear of conditions including drug addiction, HIV, malaria and obesity. In January 2013, Ronaldo became Save the Children's new Global Artist Ambassador, in which he hopes to help fight child hunger and obesity. In","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048864","text":"March, Ronaldo agreed to be the ambassador for The Mangrove Care Forum in Indonesia, an organisation aiming to raise awareness of mangrove conservation. Ronaldo was named the world's most charitable sportsperson in 2015 after donating £5 million to the relief effort after the earthquake in Nepal which killed over 8,000 people. In June 2016, Ronaldo donated the entirety of his €600,000 Champions League bonus after Real Madrid won the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League. In August 2016, Ronaldo launched CR7Selfie, a selfie app for charity to help Save the Children that lets participants take a selfie with him in one of","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048866","text":"not reoffend. Ronaldo and another man were investigated by the British Crown Prosecution Service after a 2005 rape allegation was brought forward by two women. Within days, the two women withdrew their allegation and Scotland Yard later issued a statement declaring there was not enough evidence for a prosecution. In April 2017 it was reported that Ronaldo was being investigated for another rape allegation by the Las Vegas Police Department originating in 2009. Documents, confirmed by Ronaldo's lawyers, state that Ronaldo paid a woman US$375,000 in a non-disclosure settlement. Ronaldo and his lawyers issued a lengthy statement denying all accusations,","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048842","text":"about alongside Pelé and Diego Maradona once retiring. Ronaldo has at times, however, been criticised for simulating when tackled. In addition to this, he was also occasionally criticised early in his career by manager Alex Ferguson, teammates and the media for being a selfish or overly flamboyant player. During his career, Ronaldo has also been described as having an \"arrogant image\" on the pitch, with Ronaldo stating that he had become a \"victim\", because of how he was portrayed in the media. He is often seen moaning, gesticulating and scowling while trying to inspire his team to victory, with Ronaldo","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048848","text":"Blatter preferred Messi or Ronaldo, Blatter paid tribute to the work ethic of the Argentine before taking a swipe at Ronaldo, claiming \"one of them has more expenses for the hairdresser than the other\". Real Madrid demanded – and promptly received – a full apology, and the Portuguese issued his own riposte with a mock-salute celebration after scoring a penalty against Sevilla, after Blatter had described him as a \"commander\" on the pitch. As his reputation grew from his time at Manchester United, Ronaldo has signed many sponsorship deals for consumer products, including sportswear, football boots (since November 2012 Ronaldo","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048814","text":"English media speculated that Ronaldo had influenced his decision by aggressively complaining, after which he was seen in replays winking at Portugal's bench following Rooney's dismissal. Ronaldo went on to score the vital winning penalty during the penalty shoot out which sent Portugal into the semi-finals. Ronaldo was subsequently booed during their 1–0 semi-final defeat to France. FIFA's Technical Study Group overlooked him for the tournament's Best Young Player award and handed it to Germany's Lukas Podolski, citing his behaviour as a factor in the decision. Following the 2006 World Cup, Ronaldo would go on to represent Portugal in four","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048754","text":"ovation when he came on as a 60th-minute substitute for Nicky Butt. His performance earned praise from George Best, who hailed it as \"undoubtedly the most exciting debut\" he had ever seen. Ronaldo scored his first goal for Manchester United with a free-kick in a 3–0 win over Portsmouth on 1 November. Three other league goals followed in the second half of the campaign, the last of which came against Aston Villa on the final day of the season, a match in which he also received his first red card. Ronaldo ended his first season in English football by scoring","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048751","text":"win. Over the course of the 2002–03 season, his representatives suggested the player to Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier and Barcelona president Joan Laporta. Manager Arsène Wenger, who was interested in signing the winger, met with him at Arsenal's grounds in November to discuss a possible transfer. Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, however, determined to acquire Ronaldo on a permanent move urgently, after Sporting defeated United 3–1 at the inauguration of the Estádio José Alvalade in August 2003. Initially, United had just planned to sign Ronaldo and then loan him back to Sporting for a year. Having been impressed by him,","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048861","text":"Ronaldo then became father to twins, daughter Eva and son Mateo, born on 8 June 2017 in the United States via surrogacy. The types of surrogacy of his children are not stated. He is in a relationship with Spanish model Georgina Rodríguez (b. 1995), she later gave birth to daughter Alana on 12 November 2017. Ronaldo has made contributions to various charitable causes throughout his career. Television footage of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami showed an eight-year-old boy survivor named Martunis wearing a number 7 Portuguese football shirt who was stranded for 19 days after his family was","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048817","text":"tournament with a play-off victory over Bosnia. At the group stage of the World Cup, he was named man of the match in all three matches against Côte d'Ivoire, North Korea, and Brazil. His only goal of the tournament came in their 7–0 rout of North Korea, which marked his first international goal in 16 months. Portugal's World Cup ended with a 1–0 loss against eventual champions Spain in the round of 16. Ronaldo scored seven goals in the qualification for Euro 2012, including two strikes against Bosnia in the play-offs, to send Portugal into the tournament, where they were","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048839","text":"style to the physical effects of ageing with increasingly reduced off-the-ball movement and general involvement, completing fewer dribbles and passes per game, and instead focusing on short-distance creating and goalscoring. Since 2017, Ronaldo has adapted his style of play yet again to become more of a free-roaming centre forward, a role in which he has continued to excel and maintain a prolific goalscoring record; in this position, he has earned praise in the media for his intelligent movement, excellent positional sense, link-up play, clinical finishing, and opportunism, as well as his ability to lose or anticipate his markers, find space","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048787","text":"Golden Shoe, receiving the latter award jointly with Liverpool striker Luis Suárez. Among his haul was his 400th career goal, in 653 appearances for club and country, which came with a brace against Celta Vigo on 6 January; he dedicated his goals to compatriot Eusébio, who had died two days before. A last-minute, backheeled volley scored against Valencia on 4 May—his 50th goal in all competitions—was recognised as the best goal of the season by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional, which additionally named Ronaldo the Best Player in La Liga. During the next campaign, the 2014–15 season, Ronaldo set a","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048770","text":"on 5 May 2010, his first in the Spanish competition. His first season at Real Madrid ended trophyless. Following Raúl's departure, Ronaldo was handed the number 7 shirt for Real Madrid before the 2010–11 season. His subsequent return to his Ballon d'Or-winning form was epitomised when, for the first time in his career, he scored four goals in a single match during a 6–1 rout against Racing Santander on 23 October. His haul concluded a goalscoring run of six consecutive matches—three in La Liga, one in the Champions League, and two for Portugal—totalling 11 goals, the most he had scored","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048810","text":"win over rivals Fiorentina; with this goal, Ronaldo became the first Juventus player since John Charles in 1957 to score 10 goals in his first 14 league games for the club. After placing second in both the UEFA Men's Player of the Year and The Best FIFA Men's Player for the first time in three years, behind Luka Modrić, Ronaldo performances in 2018 also saw him voted runner-up for the 2018 Ballon d'Or on 3 December, finishing once again behind his former Real Madrid teammate. Ronaldo began his international career with Portugal at the 2001 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival,","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048745","text":"winning the 2016 and 2017 Champions Leagues, Ronaldo secured back-to-back Ballons d'Or again in 2016 and 2017. A historic third consecutive Champions League followed, making Ronaldo the first player to win the trophy five times. In 2018, he signed to Juventus in a transfer worth €100 million, the highest ever paid by an Italian club and the highest fee ever paid for a player over 30 years old. A Portuguese international, Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation in 2015. He made his senior debut for Portugal in 2003 at age 18,","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048768","text":"Diego Maradona at Napoli. Since club captain Raúl already wore the number 7, the number Ronaldo wore at Manchester United, Ronaldo received the number 9 shirt, which was presented to him by former Madrid player Alfredo Di Stéfano. Ronaldo made his debut in La Liga on 29 August 2009, against Deportivo La Coruña, and scored from the penalty spot in Madrid's 3–2 home win. He scored in each of his first four league fixtures with the club, the first Madrid player to do so. His first Champions League goals for the club followed with two free kicks in the first","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048744","text":"million (£80 million). With Real Madrid, Ronaldo won 15 trophies, including two La Liga titles, two Copas del Rey, four UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Super Cups, and three FIFA Club World Cups. Real Madrid's all-time top goalscorer, Ronaldo scored a record 34 La Liga hat-tricks, including a record-tying eight hat-tricks in the 2014–15 season and is the only player to reach 30 goals in six consecutive La Liga seasons. After joining Madrid, Ronaldo finished runner-up for the Ballon d'Or three times, behind Lionel Messi, his perceived career rival, before winning back-to-back Ballons d'Or in 2013 and 2014. After","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"18309292","text":"and Messi 181 million, though Messi does not have a Twitter account. In 2007, Ronaldo and Messi finished as runners-up to A.C. Milan's Kaká in both the Ballon d'Or, an award rewarded to the player voted as the best in the world by an international panel of sports journalists; and the FIFA World Player of the Year, an award voted for by coaches and captains of international teams. In an interview that year, Messi was quoted as saying \"Cristiano Ronaldo is an extraordinary player and it would be brilliant to be in the same team as him\". They first played","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"3048855","text":"released, over 520,000 had been sold, with $62.4 million generated in one day. Ronaldo opened his first fashion boutique under the name \"CR7\" (his initials and shirt number) on the island of Madeira, Portugal, in 2006. Ronaldo expanded his business with a second clothes boutique in Lisbon in 2008. In partnership with Scandinavian manufacturer JBS Textile Group and the New York fashion designer Richard Chai, Ronaldo co-designed a range of underwear and sock line, released in November 2013. He later expanded his \"CR7\" fashion brand by launching a line of premium shirts and shoes by July 2014. In September 2015,","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048851","text":"in 2013, with Brazilian footballer Neymar topping both lists. Sports market research company Repucom named Ronaldo the most marketable and most recognised football player in the world in May 2014. He was additionally named in the 2014 Time 100, \"Time\"s annual list of the most influential people in the world. ESPN named Ronaldo the world's most famous athlete in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Ronaldo has established a strong online presence; the most popular sportsperson on social media, he counted 158 million total followers across Facebook, Twitter and Instagram by June 2015. , he has the world's biggest Facebook fanbase with","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048799","text":"quarter-final against Bayern Munich, Ronaldo scored two goals in a 2–1 away win to give Madrid the win and the lead going into the second leg. The two goals saw him make history in becoming the first player to reach 100 goals in UEFA club competition. During the second leg of the quarter-finals, Ronaldo scored a perfect hat-trick and reached his 100th UEFA Champions League goal, becoming the first player to do so as Real Madrid again defeated Bayern 4–2 after extra-time. On 2 May, Ronaldo scored another hat-trick in the following Champions League match, as Real Madrid defeated Atlético","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048742","text":"A prolific goalscorer, Ronaldo holds the records for most official goals scored in Europe's top-five leagues (405), the UEFA Champions League (121), the UEFA European Championship (9), as well as those for most assists in the UEFA Champions League (34) and the UEFA European Championship (6). He has scored over 680 senior career goals for club and country. Born and raised on the Portuguese island of Madeira, Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart at age 15. He underwent an operation to treat his condition, and began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP, before signing with Manchester United","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048807","text":"the past tense, sparking speculation that he could leave Real Madrid. After a week of transfer speculation, on 10 July 2018, Ronaldo signed a four-year contract with Italian club Juventus after completing a €100 million transfer, which included an additional €12 million in other fees and solidarity contributions to Ronaldo's youth clubs. The transfer was the highest ever for a player over 30 years old, and the highest ever paid by an Italian club. Upon signing, Ronaldo cited his need for a new challenge as his rationale for departing Real Madrid, but later on he attributed the transfer to the","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048840","text":"in the box, and score from few opportunities. Ronaldo is widely regarded as one of the two best players of his generation, alongside Lionel Messi. Ronaldo quickly established himself among the world's best players in his early 20s, featuring as the core component for Manchester United in the mid-to-late 2000s. However, after winning his first Ballon d'Or by a record-high vote count at age 23, the public debate regarding his qualities as a player moved beyond his status in contemporary football to the possibility that he was one of the greatest players in history. Universally acclaimed for his prolific and","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048783","text":"half of the campaign, Ronaldo suggested that he was in the best form of his career. By late November, he had scored 32 goals from 22 matches played for both club and country, including hat-tricks against Galatasaray, Sevilla, Real Sociedad, Northern Ireland, and Sweden. He ended 2013 with a total of 69 goals in 59 appearances, his highest year-end goal tally. His efforts earned him the FIFA Ballon d'Or, an amalgamation of the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award, for the first time in his career. Concurrently with his individual achievements, Ronaldo enjoyed his greatest","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048837","text":"the perfect place to hit the ball in the sweet spot. He is the ultimate showman. He has that slight arrogance. When he pulls those shorts up and shows his thighs, he is saying 'All eyes on me' and this is going in. He understands the marketing side of it. The way he struts up and places it; the world is watching him. At Real Madrid, Ronaldo continued to play a more offensive role, while his creative and defensive duties became more limited, although not entirely diminished. Initially deployed as a centre forward, he was later moved back onto the","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048833","text":"In this position, he was able to use his pace and acceleration, agility, and technical skills to take on opponents in one-on-one situations. Ronaldo became noted for his dribbling and flair, often displaying an array of tricks and feints, such as the step overs and so-called 'chops' that became his trademark. As Ronaldo matured, he underwent a major physical transformation, developing a muscular body type that allows him to retain possession of the ball, and strong legs that make up for an outstanding jumping ability. His strength and jumping ability, combined with his elevation and height of , gives him","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048794","text":"setting the record at 11 goals, including another four-goal haul against Malmö. Despite finishing runner-up to Messi for the FIFA Ballon d'Or, Ronaldo received criticism for his form and performances against top teams, with 14 of his goals coming against Espanyol and Malmö. However, during the second half of the season, his form gradually improved. By scoring four goals in a 7–1 home win over Celta de Vigo on 5 March 2016, Ronaldo arrived at 252 goals in La Liga to become the competition's second-highest scorer in history behind Messi. After netting the match-winning goal for 10-man Madrid in a","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048761","text":"scored a total of 42 goals in all competitions during the 2007–08 season, his most prolific campaign during his time in England. He missed three matches after headbutting a Portsmouth player at the start of the season, an experience he said taught him not to let opponents provoke him. At the end of 2007, Ronaldo was named runner-up to Kaká for the Ballon d'Or, and came third, behind Kaká and Lionel Messi, in the running for the FIFA World Player of the Year award. Ronaldo scored his first and only hat-trick for Manchester United in a 6–0 win against Newcastle","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048802","text":"At the start of the 2017–18 season, Ronaldo scored Madrid's second goal in a 3–1 Supercopa de España first-leg victory over Barcelona at Camp Nou. Having received a yellow card for taking his shirt off during his goal celebration, he was sent off for a second yellow card offence minutes later before he shoved the referee lightly to depict his dissatisfaction. He was issued a five-match suspension following the match. In his 400th game for Real Madrid, Ronaldo scored two goals away to Borussia Dortmund in the Champions League, taking his club tally to 411 goals. On 23 October, his","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048778","text":"2–2 draw at Camp Nou. His performances in 2012 again saw Ronaldo voted second in the running for the FIFA Ballon d'Or, finishing runner-up to four-time winner Messi. Following the 2012–13 winter break, Ronaldo captained Real Madrid for the first time in an official match, scoring a brace to lift 10-man Madrid to a 4–3 victory over Real Sociedad on 6 January. He subsequently became the first non-Spanish player in 60 years to captain Madrid in \"El Clásico\" on 30 January, a match which also marked his 500th club appearance. Three days prior, he had scored his 300th club goal","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048753","text":"at Sporting, he received the number 7 shirt, which had previously been worn by such United players as George Best, Eric Cantona and David Beckham. Wearing the number 7 became an extra source of motivation for Ronaldo. A key element in his development during his time in England proved to be his manager, Alex Ferguson, of whom he later said, \"He's been my father in sport, one of the most important and influential factors in my career.\" Ronaldo made his debut in the Premier League in a 4–0 home victory over Bolton Wanderers on 16 August 2003, receiving a standing","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048822","text":"the group stage on goal difference. Ronaldo scored five goals, including a hat-trick against Armenia, in the qualification for Euro 2016. With the only goal in another victory over Armenia on 14 November 2014, he reached 23 goals in the European Championship, including qualifying matches, to become the competition's all-time leading goalscorer. At the start of the tournament, however, Ronaldo failed to convert his chances in Portugal's draws against Iceland and Austria, despite taking a total of 20 shots on goal. In the latter match, he overtook Luís Figo as his nation's most capped player with his 128th international appearance,","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048798","text":"the Ballon d'Or for a fourth time and the inaugural Best FIFA Men's Player, a revival of the former FIFA World Player of the Year, largely owing to his success with Portugal in winning Euro 2016. In Real Madrid's 3–2 away win against Villarreal on 27 February 2017, Ronaldo overtook Hugo Sánchez as the most prolific penalty-kick scorer in La Liga history. As a result of the penalty scored by Ronaldo, Real Madrid reached its 5,900th goal in the history of the league and became the first team to do so. On 12 April, in the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048772","text":"the 103rd minute of the Copa del Rey final, winning his first trophy in Spain. Over the next two weeks, Ronaldo scored another four-goal haul against Sevilla, a hat-trick against Getafe, and a brace of free kicks against Villarreal, taking his league total to 38 goals, which equalled the record for most goals scored in a season held by Telmo Zarra and Hugo Sánchez. His two goals in the last match of the season, against Almería, made him the first player in La Liga to score 40 goals. In addition to the Pichichi Trophy, Ronaldo consequently won the European Golden","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048843","text":"insisting that his competitive nature should not be mistaken for arrogance. His managers, teammates and various journalists have commented that this reputation has caused an unfair image of him. In 2014, Ronaldo told \"France Football\" that he had made a \"mistake\" when he said in 2011, \"People are jealous of me as I am young, handsome and rich\", adding that he had matured since then and fans understood him better. Ronaldo has adopted several goalscoring celebrations throughout his career, including one particular celebration which gained widespread coverage in the media, when he squatted and stared directly into a camera on","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048819","text":"in the penalty shootout. Ronaldo did not take a penalty as he had been slated to take the unused fifth, a decision that drew criticism. As the joint top scorer with three goals, alongside five other players, he was again included in the team of the tournament. During the qualification for the 2014 World Cup, Ronaldo scored a total of eight goals. A qualifying match on 17 October 2012, a 1–1 draw against Northern Ireland, earned him his 100th cap. His first international hat-trick also came against Northern Ireland, when he found the net three times in a 15-minute spell","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048806","text":"time penalty in a 3–1 defeat, with an overall 4–3 aggregate win. It was also his tenth goal against Juventus, a Champions League record against a single club. In the final of the tournament, on 26 May, Real Madrid defeated Liverpool 3–1, winning Ronaldo his fifth Champions League title as Real Madrid completed their third consecutive Champions League triumph, becoming the first team to do so. He finished as the top scorer of the tournament for the sixth consecutive season, ending the campaign with 15 goals. After the final, Ronaldo referred to his time with the Champions League winners in","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048752","text":"however, the Manchester United players urged Ferguson to sign him. After the game, Ferguson agreed to pay Sporting £12.24 million for what he considered to be \"one of the most exciting young players\" he had ever seen. A decade after his departure from the club, in April 2013, Sporting honoured Ronaldo by selecting him to become their 100,000th member. Ronaldo became Manchester United's first-ever Portuguese player when he signed before the 2003–04 season. His transfer fee of £12.24 million made him, at the time, the most expensive teenager in English football history. Although he requested the number 28, his number","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048831","text":"to do so in total. His third goal saw him curl in a 30-yard free kick with two minutes remaining for the equaliser. His hat-trick also drew him level with Ferenc Puskás as the highest European goalscorer of all-time, with 84 international goals. In Portugal's second game on 20 June, Ronaldo scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory against Morocco, breaking Puskás' record. In the final group match against Iran on 25 June, Ronaldo missed a penalty in an eventual 1–1 draw which saw Portugal progress to the second round as group runners-up behind Spain. On 30 June, Portugal","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048790","text":"finish and a semi-final exit in Europe. In the latter competition, Ronaldo extended his run of scoring away to a record 12 matches with his strike in a 2–0 win against Schalke 04, before hitting a brace in the 3–4 return defeat that allowed Madrid to progress to the quarter-finals. He then scored both of his side's goals in the semi-finals against Juventus, where Madrid were eliminated 2–3 on aggregate. With 10 goals, he finished the campaign as top scorer for a third consecutive season, alongside Messi and Neymar. In La Liga, where Madrid finished second, Ronaldo went on a","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048825","text":"in the 109th minute to earn Portugal a 1–0 victory. As team captain, Ronaldo later lifted the trophy in celebration of his country's first-ever triumph in a major tournament. He was awarded the Silver Boot as the joint second-highest goalscorer, with three goals and three assists, and was named to the team of the tournament for the third time in his career. Following the Euro 2016 success, Ronaldo scored four goals against Andorra in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers on 8 October 2016. His four goals against a nine-man team marked the highest number of goals he has scored","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048780","text":"violent conduct. Real Madrid also failed to defend their La Liga title, finishing runners up to Barcelona. In the first knockout round of the Champions League, Ronaldo faced his former club Manchester United for the first time. After scoring the equaliser in a 1–1 draw at the Santiago Bernabéu, he scored the match-winning goal in a 2–1 victory at Old Trafford, his first return to his former home ground. He did not celebrate scoring against his former club as a mark of respect. Ronaldo scored three goals in Madrid's 5–3 aggregate victory over Galatasaray to see them advance to the","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048841","text":"consistent goalscoring ability, he is considered a decisive player, who stands out in games and who can be a game changer, especially in important and high-pressured situations. Ronaldo is noted for his work ethic, elite body conditioning, and dedication to improvement on the training pitch, as well being regarded as a natural leader. Writing of his \"extraordinary commitment to physical preparation\", Adam Bate of Sky Sports adds, \"Dedication is a huge part of staying at the top and Ronaldo's focus is perhaps unparalleled within the game.\" His drive and determination to succeed are fuelled by a desire to be talked","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048786","text":"in Europe. In the Copa del Rey, Ronaldo helped Madrid reach the final by scoring a brace of penalties against Atlético Madrid at the Vicente Calderón, the first of which meant he had now scored in every single minute of a 90-minute football match. His continued issues with his knee and thigh caused him to miss the final, where Real Madrid defeated Barcelona 2–1 to claim the trophy. While Madrid were less successful in La Liga, finishing third, Ronaldo was unmatched as a goalscorer. He scored 31 goals in 30 league games, which earned him the Pichichi and the European","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048845","text":"the best player in modern football. It has been compared to sports rivalries such as the Muhammad Ali–Joe Frazier rivalry in boxing, the Borg–McEnroe rivalry in tennis, and the Ayrton Senna–Alain Prost rivalry from Formula One motor racing. Some commentators choose to analyse the differing physiques and playing styles of the two, while part of the debate revolves around the contrasting personalities of the two players: Ronaldo is sometimes depicted as an arrogant and theatrical showoff, while Messi is portrayed as a shy, humble character. In a 2012 interview, Ronaldo commented on the rivalry, saying \"I think we push each","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048849","text":"has worn the Nike Mercurial Vapor personalized CR7 edition), soft drinks, clothing, automotive lubricants, financial services, electronics and computer video games. Ronaldo was featured as the cover athlete of EA Sports' \"FIFA\" video game \"FIFA 18\" and was heavily involved in the game's promotion. His 'Siiii' goal celebration features in the \"FIFA\" series, accompanied with his own voiceover. He was also the face of \"Pro Evolution Soccer\", appearing on the cover in 2008, 2012 and 2013. \"Forbes\" has twice ranked Ronaldo first on its list of the world's highest-paid football players; his combined income from salaries, bonuses and non-football earnings","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048815","text":"qualifying games for Euro 2008, scoring two goals in the process. One day after his 22nd birthday, Ronaldo captained Portugal for the first time in a friendly game against Brazil on 6 February 2007, as requested by Portuguese Football Federation president Carlos Silva, who had died two days earlier. Ahead of Euro 2008, he was given the number 7 shirt for the first time. While he scored eight goals in the qualification, the second-highest tally, he scored just one goal in the tournament, netting the second goal of their 3–1 win in the group stage match against the Czech Republic;","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048832","text":"were eliminated following a 2–1 defeat to Uruguay in the last 16. A versatile attacker, Ronaldo is capable of playing on either wing as well as through the centre of the pitch, and, while ostensibly right-footed, is very strong with both feet. He ranks among the world's fastest footballers, both with and without the ball. Tactically, Ronaldo has undergone several evolutions throughout his career. While at Sporting and during his first season at Manchester United, he was typically deployed as a traditional winger on the right side of midfield, where he regularly looked to deliver crosses into the penalty area.","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048830","text":"scoring a goal against Andorra in a 2–0 victory. In the build-up to the 2018 World Cup, Portugal hosted friendlies against Tunisia, Belgium and Algeria. Ronaldo featured in the final of the three matches in which he made his 150th international appearance. On 15 June 2018, Ronaldo became the oldest player ever to score a hat-trick in a World Cup match, helping Portugal secure a 3–3 draw against Spain in their opening match at the World Cup. In doing so, he also became the first Portuguese player to score a goal in four World Cups and one of four players","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048797","text":"to keep him with Madrid until 2021. On 19 November, he scored a hat-trick in a 3–0 away win against Atlético Madrid, making him the all-time top scorer in the Madrid derby with 18 goals. On 15 December, Ronaldo scored his 500th club career goal in the 2–0 victory over Club América in the semi-finals of the FIFA Club World Cup. He then scored a hat-trick in the 4–2 win over Japanese club Kashima Antlers in the final. Ronaldo finished the tournament as top scorer with four goals and was also named the best player of the tournament. He won","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048818","text":"drawn in a \"group of death\". After the opening 0–1 defeat to Germany, he also failed to score in the 3–2 win against Denmark, missing two clear one-on-one chances. In the last group stage game against the Netherlands, Ronaldo scored twice to secure a 2–1 victory. He scored a header in the quarter-finals against the Czech Republic to give his team a 1–0 win. In both games against the Netherlands and the Czech Republic he was named man of the match. After the semi-finals against Spain ended scoreless, with Ronaldo having sent three shots over the bar, Portugal were eliminated","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048774","text":"Real Zaragoza, Rayo Vallecano, Málaga, Osasuna, and Sevilla, the last of which put Madrid on top of the league by the season's midway point. Despite two goals from Ronaldo, Madrid were subsequently defeated by Barcelona 4–3 on aggregrate in the quarter-finals of the Copa del Rey. He again scored twice, including a penalty, in the Champions League semi-finals against Bayern Munich, resulting in a 3–3 draw, but his penalty kick in the shootout was saved by Manuel Neuer, leading to Madrid's elimination. Ronaldo found greater team success in the league, as he helped Real Madrid win their first La Liga","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048759","text":"only the third player to receive consecutive honours. At the quarter-final stage of the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League, Ronaldo scored his first-ever goals in the competition, finding the net twice in a 7–1 victory over Roma. He subsequently scored four minutes into the first semi-final leg against Milan, which ended in a 3–2 win, but was marked out of the second leg as United lost 3–0 at the San Siro. He also helped United reach the FA Cup final, but the decisive match against Chelsea ended in a 1–0 defeat. Ronaldo scored the only goal in the Manchester derby on","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048811","text":"debuting in a 3–1 defeat to Finland. The following year he would represent his country under-17 side at the 2002 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, where they failed to progress past the group stage. Ronaldo also featured in the Olympic squad at the 2004 Summer Olympics, scoring one goal in the tournament, though the team was eliminated in the first round, finishing bottom of their group with three points after 4–2 defeats to eventual semi-finalists Iraq and quarter-finalists Costa Rica. During his international youth career, Ronaldo would go on to represent the under-15 team, under-17, under-20, under-21, and under-23 national","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048763","text":"latter award. In the knockout stage of the Champions League, Ronaldo scored the decisive goal against Lyon, which helped United advance to the quarter-finals 2–1 on aggregate, and, while playing as a striker, scored with a header in the 3–0 aggregate victory over Roma. United advanced to the final against Chelsea in Moscow, where, despite his opening goal being negated by an equaliser and his penalty being saved in the shoot-out, Manchester United emerged victorious. As the Champions League top scorer, Ronaldo was named the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year. He additionally received the PFA Players' Player of the","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048767","text":"in all competitions, 16 goals fewer than the previous season, in four more appearances. His final ever goal for Manchester United came on 10 May 2009 with a free kick in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford. Ahead of the 2009–10 season, Ronaldo joined Real Madrid for a world record transfer fee at the time, of £80 million (€94 million). His contract, which ran until 2015, was worth €11 million per year and contained a €1 billion buy-out clause. At least 80,000 fans attended his presentation at the Santiago Bernabéu, surpassing the 25-year record of 75,000 fans who had welcomed","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048758","text":"and won his first Premier League title. An important factor in this success was his one-to-one training by first-team coach René Meulensteen, who taught him to make himself more unpredictable, improve his teamwork, call for the ball, and capitalise on goalscoring opportunities rather than waiting for the chance to score the aesthetically pleasing goals for which he was already known. He scored three consecutive braces at the end of December, against Aston Villa—a victory which put United on top of the league—Wigan Athletic, and Reading. Ronaldo was named the Premier League Player of the Month in November and December, becoming","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"18309300","text":"did not think it was the end for them. In recent years, it has been said that the rivalry between Real Madrid and Barcelona has been \"encapsulated\" by the individual rivalry between Ronaldo and Messi, with neither player ever participating in a goalless \"El Clásico\". Messi–Ronaldo rivalry The Messi–Ronaldo rivalry is a football rivalry between fans of Argentinian forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo and supposedly between the athletes themselves. Having won a combined ten Ballon d'Or/FIFA Ballon d'Or awards (5 each), both are widely regarded not only as the two best players of their generation, but also","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"755495","text":"run like a sprinter”, Zlatan added, “nobody influenced football and the players who emerged as much as Ronaldo”. Emilio Butragueño stated, “Ronaldo creates a goalscoring opportunity where it doesn’t exist. Most strikers need the midfielders and their teammates, but he does not.” On his speed of thought, Kaká said “For me the best players are those who are able to think of a play and execute it quickest and in the best way possible, and Ronaldo was the best at that. The speed of thought he had – and the speed he had to carry out his actions – were","title":"Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)"},{"psg_id":"18309288","text":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry The Messi–Ronaldo rivalry is a football rivalry between fans of Argentinian forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo and supposedly between the athletes themselves. Having won a combined ten Ballon d'Or/FIFA Ballon d'Or awards (5 each), both are widely regarded not only as the two best players of their generation, but also regarded by many as the greatest of all time. Both players have regularly broken the 50 goal barrier in a single season and have scored over 600 goals each in their careers for club and country. Sports journalists and pundits regularly argue the individual merits","title":"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry"},{"psg_id":"3048836","text":"free kicks, is known for using the \"knuckleball\" technique, which had previously been popularised by Juninho Pernambucano; he also adopts a trademark stance before striking the ball, which involves him standing with his legs far apart. Regarding Cristiano Ronaldo's unique style of taking free kicks, former Manchester United assistant manager Mike Phelan has commented: \"People used to put the ball down, walk away, run up and hit it. He brought in a more dynamic showmanship. He places the ball down, the concentration level is high, he takes his certain amount of steps back so that his standing foot is in","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048764","text":"Year and FWA Footballer of the Year awards for the second consecutive season. As rumours circulated of Ronaldo's interest in moving to Real Madrid, United filed a tampering complaint with governing body FIFA over Madrid's alleged pursuit of their player, but they declined to take action. FIFA president Sepp Blatter asserted that the player should be allowed to leave his club, describing the situation as \"modern slavery\". Despite Ronaldo publicly agreeing with Blatter, he remained at United for another year. Ahead of the 2008–09 season, on 7 July, he underwent ankle surgery, which kept him out of action for 10","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048808","text":"lack of support he felt was shown by club president Florentino Pérez. Ronaldo made his official debut for Juventus in their opening Serie A match on 18 August, a 3–2 away win over Chievo. On 16 September, his fourth appearance for Juventus, he scored his first goal, which was immediately followed by a second, in a 2–1 home win over Sassuolo; the latter was the 400th league goal of his career. On 19 September, in his first Champions League match for Juventus, he was sent off in the 29th minute for \"violent conduct\"—the first time in 154 Champions League appearances—in","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048769","text":"group match against Zürich. His strong start to the season, however, was interrupted when he suffered an ankle injury in October while on international duty, which kept him sidelined for seven weeks. A week after his return, he received his first red card in Spain in a match against Almería. Midway through the season, Ronaldo placed second in the running for the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award, behind Lionel Messi of Barcelona, Madrid's historic rivals. He finished the campaign with 33 goals in all competitions, including a hat-trick in a 4–1 win against Mallorca","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048813","text":"0–1 defeat. He was featured in the team of the tournament, having provided two assists in addition to his two goals. Ronaldo was the second-highest scorer in the European qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup with seven goals. During the tournament, he scored his first World Cup goal against Iran with a penalty kick in Portugal's second match of the group stage. In the quarter-finals against England, his Manchester United teammate Wayne Rooney was sent off for stamping on Portugal defender Ricardo Carvalho. Although the referee later clarified that the red card was only due to Rooney's infraction, the","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"},{"psg_id":"3048785","text":"120th minute of the 4–1 final victory over Atlético Madrid, becoming the first player to score in two European Cup finals for two different winning teams. His overall performance in the final was subdued as a result of patellar tendinitis and related hamstring problems, which had plagued him in the last months of the campaign. Ronaldo played the final against medical advice, later commenting: \"In your life you do not win without sacrifices and you must take risks.\" As the Champions League top goalscorer for the third time, with a record 17 goals, he was named the UEFA Best Player","title":"Cristiano Ronaldo"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048741\",\n \"text\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, the most for a European player, and is the first player to win four European Golden Shoes. He has won 26 trophies in his career, including five league titles, five UEFA Champions League titles and one UEFA European Championship.\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048867\",\n \"text\": \"describing them as an \\\"intentional defamation campaign\\\" with parts significantly \\\"altered and/or completely fabricated\\\", a claim which \\\"Der Spiegel\\\" categorically refuted. Sporting CP Manchester United Real Madrid Portugal Notes Citations Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, the most for a European player, and is the\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048856\",\n \"text\": \"Ronaldo—in a partnership with Eden Parfums—released his own fragrance, \\\"Legacy\\\". In 2007, C.D. Nacional renamed its youth campus Cristiano Ronaldo Campus Futebol (Cristiano Ronaldo Football Campus). In December 2013, Ronaldo opened a museum, Museu CR7, in his hometown of Funchal, Madeira, to house trophies and memorabilia of his life and playing career; the museum is an official sponsor of the local football team União da Madeira. At a ceremony held at the Belém Palace in January 2014, President of Portugal Aníbal Cavaco Silva raised Ronaldo to the rank of Grand Officer of the Order of Prince Henry, \\\"to distinguish an\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048852\",\n \"text\": \"103 million followers: he became the first sportsperson to reach 50 million followers in August 2010, and in October 2014, he became the first sportsperson, and the second person after Shakira, to reach 100 million followers. By June 2017, Ronaldo had 277 million followers across social media. His sponsors earned $936 million in media value across his social media accounts between June 2016 to June 2017. Ronaldo has released two mobile apps: in December 2011, he launched an iPhone game called \\\"Heads Up with Cristiano\\\", created by developer RockLive, and in December 2013, he launched \\\"Viva Ronaldo\\\", a dedicated social\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048860\",\n \"text\": \"him drinking heavily in a nightclub while recovering from an injury in July 2008. His mother, Dolores, was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2007 but eventually recovered. Ronaldo has four children. He first became a father to son, Cristiano Jr., born on 17 June 2010 in the United States. He stated that he has full custody of the child and would not be publicly revealing the identity of the mother as per agreement with her, it was unclear whether it was a relationship or surrogacy. In January 2015, Ronaldo announced his five-year relationship with Russian model Irina Shayk has ended.\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048782\",\n \"text\": \"season, however, he signed a new contract that extended his stay by three years to 2018, with a salary of €17 million net, making him briefly the highest-paid player in football. He was joined at the club by winger Gareth Bale, whose world record transfer fee of €100 million surpassed the fee Madrid had paid for Ronaldo four years prior. Together with striker Karim Benzema, they formed an attacking trio popularly dubbed \\\"BBC\\\", an acronym of Bale, Benzema, and Cristiano, and a play off the name of the public service broadcaster. After enjoying a strong goalscoring run during the first\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048858\",\n \"text\": \"led by David Sobral from Lisbon and Leiden discovered a galaxy which they named CR7 (Cosmos Redshift 7) in tribute to Ronaldo. On 23 July 2016, following Portugal's triumph at Euro 2016, Madeira Airport in Funchal was renamed as Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport. The unveiling of the rebranded terminal took place on 29 March 2017, which included a bust of his head being presented. The bust and the name change were controversial, with the lack of the bust's likeness to Ronaldo being ridiculed by comedians, including \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\", while the name change was subject to much debate locally by\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048821\",\n \"text\": \"we had two or three Cristiano Ronaldos in the team I would feel more comfortable. But we don't.\\\" Despite ongoing doubts over his fitness, being forced to abort practice twice, Ronaldo played the full 90 minutes of the opening match against Germany, though he was unable to prevent a 4–0 defeat. After assisting an injury-time 2–2 equaliser against the United States, he scored a late match-winning goal in a 2–1 victory over Ghana. His 50th international goal made him the first Portuguese to play and score in three World Cups. Portugal were eliminated from the tournament at the close of\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048862\",\n \"text\": \"killed. Following this, Ronaldo visited Aceh, Indonesia, to raise funds for rehabilitation and reconstruction. After accepting undisclosed damages from a libel case against \\\"The Sun\\\" newspaper in 2008, Ronaldo donated the damages to a charity in Madeira. In 2009, Ronaldo donated £100,000 to the hospital that saved his mother's life in Madeira following her battle with cancer, so that they could build a cancer centre on the island. In support of the victims of the 2010 Madeira flood, Ronaldo pledged to play in a charity match in Madeira between Primeira Liga club Porto and players from Madeiran-based clubs Marítimo and\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048854\",\n \"text\": \"documentary narrated by the actor Benedict Cumberbatch, was released via Vimeo in June 2014. A documentary film about his life and career, titled \\\"Ronaldo\\\", was released worldwide on 9 November 2015. Directed by BAFTA-winner Anthony Wonke, the film is produced and distributed by Universal Pictures, while Asif Kapadia is the executive producer. A replica Cristiano Ronaldo jersey has been a much sought after sports product throughout his career. In 2008, Ronaldo's number 7 Manchester United jersey was the best-selling sports product under the auspices of the Premier League. In 2018, within 24 hours of his number 7 Juventus jersey being\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048827\",\n \"text\": \"in international football. In Portugal's opening match of the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup against Mexico on 17 June, Cristiano Ronaldo set-up Quaresma's opening goal in a 2–2 draw. Three days later, he scored in a 1–0 win over hosts Russia. On 24 June, he scored from a penalty in a 4–0 win over New Zealand, which saw Portugal top their group and advance to the semi-finals of the competition. With his 75th international goal, Ronaldo also equalled Sándor Kocsis as the second-highest European international goalscorer of all-time, behind only Ferenc Puskás. He was named man of the match in all\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048747\",\n \"text\": \"by \\\"Forbes\\\" in 2016 and 2017, as well as the world's most famous athlete by ESPN in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro was born in São Pedro, Funchal, on the island of Madeira, Portugal, and grew up in Santo António, Funchal. He is the fourth and youngest child of Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro (b. 1954), a cook, and José Dinis Aveiro (1953–2005), a municipal gardener and a part-time kit man. His second given name, \\\"Ronaldo\\\", was chosen after then-U.S. president Ronald Reagan. His great-grandmother on his father's side, Isabel da Piedade, was from the island\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048846\",\n \"text\": \"other sometimes in the competition, this is why the competition is so high\\\", while Ronaldo's manager during his time at Manchester United, Alex Ferguson, opined that \\\"I don't think the rivalry against each other bothers them. I think they have their own personal pride in terms of wanting to be the best\\\". Messi himself denied any rivalry, saying that it was \\\"only the media, the press, who wants us to be at loggerheads but I've never fought with Cristiano\\\". Responding to the claims that he and Messi do not get on well on a personal level, Ronaldo commented, \\\"We don't\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19056556\",\n \"text\": \"film also follow Ronaldo's day-to-day life with family and friends, including his son Cristiano Jr., his mother Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro, his brother Hugo and his sisters Elma and Cátia Aveiro. Ronaldo (film) Ronaldo is a 2015 British documentary film directed by Anthony Wonke. It follows the life and career of Portuguese professional footballer Cristiano Ronaldo. The film was released worldwide on 9 November 2015. A trailer for the film was released on 28 September 2015. Directed by Anthony Wonke and executive-produced by Asif Kapadia, who directed \\\"Senna\\\" (2010) and \\\"Amy\\\" (2015), documentaries depicting the lives and deaths of\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldo (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048757\",\n \"text\": \"Ruud van Nistelrooy, who took offence at the winger's showboating style of play. Following the 2006 FIFA World Cup, in which he was involved in an incident where club teammate Wayne Rooney was sent off, Ronaldo publicly asked for a transfer, lamenting the lack of support he felt he had received from the club over the incident. United, however, denied the possibility of him leaving the club. Although his World Cup altercation with Rooney resulted in Ronaldo being booed throughout the 2006–07 season, it proved to be his breakout year, as he broke the 20-goal barrier for the first time\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048859\",\n \"text\": \"some politicians and citizens, who even started a petition against the move, an action criticised by President of Madeira Miguel Albuquerque. A year later, sports website Bleacher Report commissioned sculptor Emanuel Santos to create another bust. However, this bust was never used; instead, a new one was made by a Spanish sculptor, shown to the public on 15 June 2018. Ronaldo's father, José, died of an alcoholism-related liver condition at age 52 in September 2005 when Ronaldo was 20. Ronaldo has said that he does not drink alcohol, and he received libel damages over a \\\"Daily Mirror\\\" article that reported\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048750\",\n \"text\": \"multiple cardiac pathways into one, altering his resting heart rate. He was discharged from the hospital hours after the procedure and resumed training a few days later. At age 16, Ronaldo was promoted from Sporting's youth team by first-team manager László Bölöni, who was impressed with his dribbling. He subsequently became the first player to play for the club's under-16, under-17 and under-18 teams, the B team, and the first team, all within a single season. A year later, on 7 October 2002, Ronaldo made his debut in the Primeira Liga, against Moreirense, and scored two goals in their 3–0\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048857\",\n \"text\": \"athlete of world renown who has been a symbol of Portugal globally, contributing to the international projection of the country and setting an example of tenacity for future generations\\\". A bronze statue of Ronaldo, designed by artist Ricardo Madeira Veloso, was unveiled in Funchal on 21 December 2014. In June 2010, during the build-up to the World Cup, Ronaldo became the fourth footballer – after Steven Gerrard, Pelé and David Beckham – to be represented as a waxwork at Madame Tussauds London. Another waxwork of him was presented at the Madrid Wax Museum in December 2013. In June 2015, astronomers\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048820\",\n \"text\": \"of a 4–2 qualifying victory on 6 September 2013. After Portugal failed to qualify during the regular campaign, Ronaldo scored all four of the team's goals in the play-offs against Sweden, which ensured their place at the tournament. His hat-trick in the second leg took his international tally to 47 goals, equaling Pauleta's record. Ronaldo subsequently scored twice in a 5–1 friendly win over Cameroon on 5 March 2014 to become his country's all-time top scorer. Ronaldo took part in the tournament despite suffering from patellar tendinitis and a related thigh injury, potentially risking his career. Ronaldo later commented: \\\"If\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048865\",\n \"text\": \"several different outfits and poses. In the app, fans can select from among 68 photos of Ronaldo in different outfits and poses, and scroll through 39 filters to apply to their selfies. In July 2017, Ronaldo was charged with fraudulently evading almost €15 million in tax between 2011 and 2014, a claim he denied at the time. In June 2018 Ronaldo was given a two-year suspended jail sentence and fined €18.8 million, later reduced to €16.8 million after reaching a deal with Spanish authorities. The sentence can be served under probation, without any jail time, so long as he does\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048749\",\n \"text\": \"Alcochete, near Lisbon, to join Sporting's other youth players at the club's football academy. By age 14, Ronaldo believed he had the ability to play semi-professionally, and agreed with his mother to cease his education in order to focus entirely on football. While popular with other students at school, he had been expelled after throwing a chair at his teacher, who he said had \\\"disrespected\\\" him. However, one year later, he was diagnosed with a racing heart, a condition that could have forced him to give up playing football. Ronaldo underwent heart surgery where a laser was used to cauterise\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19056554\",\n \"text\": \"Ronaldo (film) Ronaldo is a 2015 British documentary film directed by Anthony Wonke. It follows the life and career of Portuguese professional footballer Cristiano Ronaldo. The film was released worldwide on 9 November 2015. A trailer for the film was released on 28 September 2015. Directed by Anthony Wonke and executive-produced by Asif Kapadia, who directed \\\"Senna\\\" (2010) and \\\"Amy\\\" (2015), documentaries depicting the lives and deaths of Brazilian racing driver Ayrton Senna and English singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse respectively, \\\"Ronaldo\\\" was shot over the course of 14 months with the film-makers gaining access to Ronaldo's private life and inner circle\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldo (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048756\",\n \"text\": \"Middlesbrough. Midway through the season, in November, he signed a new contract which extended his previous deal by two years to 2010. Ronaldo won his second trophy in English football, the Football League Cup, after scoring the third goal in United's 4–0 final victory over Wigan Athletic. During his third season in England, Ronaldo was involved in several incidents. He had a one-match ban imposed on him by UEFA for a \\\"one-fingered gesture\\\" towards Benfica fans, and was sent off in the Manchester derby—a 3–1 defeat—for kicking Manchester City's former United player Andy Cole. Ronaldo clashed with a teammate, striker\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19056555\",\n \"text\": \"of friends, family and team-mates. The film was shot in Madeira, Ronaldo's birthplace, Lisbon, where he began his professional career with Sporting CP, and Madrid, where he was residing when he played for Real Madrid. Ronaldo himself announced the film's production on Twitter on 9 June 2015, posting a picture of his son, Cristiano Jr., behind a camera along with the announcement. \\\"Ronaldo\\\" documents the life of Cristiano Ronaldo (born Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro; 5 February 1985), from his childhood until 2015, through a series of interviews with Ronaldo himself as well as friends and family. Parts of the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldo (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309296\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"only the media, the press, who wants us to be at loggerheads but I've never fought with Cristiano\\\". However, it is widely argued and documented that there's an atmosphere of tension between the duo, with Guillem Balagué claiming in \\\"Messi\\\" that Ronaldo refers to the Argentine counterpart as \\\"motherfucker\\\" behind his back, and Luca Caioli saying in his book, \\\"Ronaldo: The Obsession for Perfection\\\", that according to his sources, Ronaldo heats up when watching Messi play. In response to claims that he and Messi do not get on well on a personal level, Ronaldo commented: \\\"We don't have a relationship\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048796\",\n \"text\": \"50 goals across all competitions. For his efforts during the season, he received the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award for a second time. Ronaldo missed Real Madrid's first three matches of the 2016–17 season, including the 2016 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla, as he continued to rehabilitate the knee injury he suffered against France in the final of Euro 2016. On 15 September, Ronaldo did not celebrate his late free kick equaliser against Sporting CP in the Champions League, with Ronaldo stating post match, \\\"they made me who I am.\\\" On 6 November, Ronaldo signed a new contract set\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048816\",\n \"text\": \"in the same game, he also set-up Portugal's third goal in injury time, which was scored by Quaresma, and was named man of the match for his performance. Portugal were eliminated in the quarter-finals with a 3–2 loss against eventual finalists Germany. After Portugal's unsuccessful performance in the European Championship, Luiz Felipe Scolari was replaced as coach by Carlos Queiroz, formerly the assistant manager at United. Queiroz made Ronaldo the squad's permanent captain in July 2008. Ronaldo failed to score a single goal in the qualification for the 2010 World Cup, as Portugal narrowly avoided a premature elimination from the\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048771\",\n \"text\": \"in a single month. Ronaldo subsequently scored further hat-tricks against Athletic Bilbao, Levante, Villarreal, and Málaga. Despite his performance, he failed to make the podium for the inaugural FIFA Ballon d'Or at the end of 2010. During a historical series of four \\\"Clásicos\\\" against rivals Barcelona in April 2011, Ronaldo scored twice to equal his personal record of 42 goals in all competitions in a single season. Although he failed to find the net during Madrid's eventual elimination in the Champions League semi-finals, he equalised from the penalty spot in the return league game and scored the match-winning goal in\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048828\",\n \"text\": \"three of Portugal's group stage matches. Ronaldo left the competition early: after Chile defeated Portugal 3–0 on penalties in the semi-finals, he was allowed to return home to be with his newborn children. Therefore, he missed Portugal's third-place play-off match in which Portugal defeated Mexico 2–1 after extra time. On 31 August 2017, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win in a World Cup qualifier over the Faroe Islands, which saw him overtake Pelé and equal Hussein Saeed as the joint-fifth-highest goalscorer in international football with 78 goals. These goals brought his tally in the 2018 World Cup qualifiers\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048824\",\n \"text\": \"then secured a 1–0 victory late in extra time. After his team progressed past Poland on penalties, Ronaldo became the first player to participate in three European Championship semi-finals; he scored the opening goal and assisted a second in a 2–0 win against Wales, equaling Michel Platini as the competition's all-time top scorer with nine goals. In the final against hosts France, Ronaldo was forced off after just 25 minutes following a challenge from Dimitri Payet. After multiple treatments and attempts to play on, he was stretchered off the pitch and replaced by Quaresma. During extra time, substitute Eder scored\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048748\",\n \"text\": \"of São Vicente, Cape Verde. He has one older brother, Hugo (b. 1975), and two older sisters, Elma (b. 1973) and Liliana Cátia \\\"Katia\\\" (b. 1977), who is a singer. Ronaldo grew up in a Catholic and impoverished home, sharing a room with all his siblings. As a child, Ronaldo played for amateur team Andorinha from 1992 to 1995, where his father was the kit man, and later spent two years with Nacional. In 1997, aged 12, he went on a three-day trial with Sporting CP, who signed him for a fee of £1,500. He subsequently moved from Madeira to\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048863\",\n \"text\": \"Nacional. In 2012, Ronaldo and his agent paid for specialist treatment for a nine-year-old Canarian boy with apparently terminal cancer. In November 2012, Ronaldo sold the golden boot he had won in 2011 for €1.5 million and gave the money to fund schools for children in Gaza. In December 2012, Ronaldo joined FIFA's \\\"11 for Health\\\" programme to raise awareness amongst kids of how to steer clear of conditions including drug addiction, HIV, malaria and obesity. In January 2013, Ronaldo became Save the Children's new Global Artist Ambassador, in which he hopes to help fight child hunger and obesity. In\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048864\",\n \"text\": \"March, Ronaldo agreed to be the ambassador for The Mangrove Care Forum in Indonesia, an organisation aiming to raise awareness of mangrove conservation. Ronaldo was named the world's most charitable sportsperson in 2015 after donating £5 million to the relief effort after the earthquake in Nepal which killed over 8,000 people. In June 2016, Ronaldo donated the entirety of his €600,000 Champions League bonus after Real Madrid won the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League. In August 2016, Ronaldo launched CR7Selfie, a selfie app for charity to help Save the Children that lets participants take a selfie with him in one of\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048866\",\n \"text\": \"not reoffend. Ronaldo and another man were investigated by the British Crown Prosecution Service after a 2005 rape allegation was brought forward by two women. Within days, the two women withdrew their allegation and Scotland Yard later issued a statement declaring there was not enough evidence for a prosecution. In April 2017 it was reported that Ronaldo was being investigated for another rape allegation by the Las Vegas Police Department originating in 2009. Documents, confirmed by Ronaldo's lawyers, state that Ronaldo paid a woman US$375,000 in a non-disclosure settlement. Ronaldo and his lawyers issued a lengthy statement denying all accusations,\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048842\",\n \"text\": \"about alongside Pelé and Diego Maradona once retiring. Ronaldo has at times, however, been criticised for simulating when tackled. In addition to this, he was also occasionally criticised early in his career by manager Alex Ferguson, teammates and the media for being a selfish or overly flamboyant player. During his career, Ronaldo has also been described as having an \\\"arrogant image\\\" on the pitch, with Ronaldo stating that he had become a \\\"victim\\\", because of how he was portrayed in the media. He is often seen moaning, gesticulating and scowling while trying to inspire his team to victory, with Ronaldo\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048848\",\n \"text\": \"Blatter preferred Messi or Ronaldo, Blatter paid tribute to the work ethic of the Argentine before taking a swipe at Ronaldo, claiming \\\"one of them has more expenses for the hairdresser than the other\\\". Real Madrid demanded – and promptly received – a full apology, and the Portuguese issued his own riposte with a mock-salute celebration after scoring a penalty against Sevilla, after Blatter had described him as a \\\"commander\\\" on the pitch. As his reputation grew from his time at Manchester United, Ronaldo has signed many sponsorship deals for consumer products, including sportswear, football boots (since November 2012 Ronaldo\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048814\",\n \"text\": \"English media speculated that Ronaldo had influenced his decision by aggressively complaining, after which he was seen in replays winking at Portugal's bench following Rooney's dismissal. Ronaldo went on to score the vital winning penalty during the penalty shoot out which sent Portugal into the semi-finals. Ronaldo was subsequently booed during their 1–0 semi-final defeat to France. FIFA's Technical Study Group overlooked him for the tournament's Best Young Player award and handed it to Germany's Lukas Podolski, citing his behaviour as a factor in the decision. Following the 2006 World Cup, Ronaldo would go on to represent Portugal in four\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048754\",\n \"text\": \"ovation when he came on as a 60th-minute substitute for Nicky Butt. His performance earned praise from George Best, who hailed it as \\\"undoubtedly the most exciting debut\\\" he had ever seen. Ronaldo scored his first goal for Manchester United with a free-kick in a 3–0 win over Portsmouth on 1 November. Three other league goals followed in the second half of the campaign, the last of which came against Aston Villa on the final day of the season, a match in which he also received his first red card. Ronaldo ended his first season in English football by scoring\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048751\",\n \"text\": \"win. Over the course of the 2002–03 season, his representatives suggested the player to Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier and Barcelona president Joan Laporta. Manager Arsène Wenger, who was interested in signing the winger, met with him at Arsenal's grounds in November to discuss a possible transfer. Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, however, determined to acquire Ronaldo on a permanent move urgently, after Sporting defeated United 3–1 at the inauguration of the Estádio José Alvalade in August 2003. Initially, United had just planned to sign Ronaldo and then loan him back to Sporting for a year. Having been impressed by him,\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048861\",\n \"text\": \"Ronaldo then became father to twins, daughter Eva and son Mateo, born on 8 June 2017 in the United States via surrogacy. The types of surrogacy of his children are not stated. He is in a relationship with Spanish model Georgina Rodríguez (b. 1995), she later gave birth to daughter Alana on 12 November 2017. Ronaldo has made contributions to various charitable causes throughout his career. Television footage of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami showed an eight-year-old boy survivor named Martunis wearing a number 7 Portuguese football shirt who was stranded for 19 days after his family was\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048817\",\n \"text\": \"tournament with a play-off victory over Bosnia. At the group stage of the World Cup, he was named man of the match in all three matches against Côte d'Ivoire, North Korea, and Brazil. His only goal of the tournament came in their 7–0 rout of North Korea, which marked his first international goal in 16 months. Portugal's World Cup ended with a 1–0 loss against eventual champions Spain in the round of 16. Ronaldo scored seven goals in the qualification for Euro 2012, including two strikes against Bosnia in the play-offs, to send Portugal into the tournament, where they were\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048839\",\n \"text\": \"style to the physical effects of ageing with increasingly reduced off-the-ball movement and general involvement, completing fewer dribbles and passes per game, and instead focusing on short-distance creating and goalscoring. Since 2017, Ronaldo has adapted his style of play yet again to become more of a free-roaming centre forward, a role in which he has continued to excel and maintain a prolific goalscoring record; in this position, he has earned praise in the media for his intelligent movement, excellent positional sense, link-up play, clinical finishing, and opportunism, as well as his ability to lose or anticipate his markers, find space\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048787\",\n \"text\": \"Golden Shoe, receiving the latter award jointly with Liverpool striker Luis Suárez. Among his haul was his 400th career goal, in 653 appearances for club and country, which came with a brace against Celta Vigo on 6 January; he dedicated his goals to compatriot Eusébio, who had died two days before. A last-minute, backheeled volley scored against Valencia on 4 May—his 50th goal in all competitions—was recognised as the best goal of the season by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional, which additionally named Ronaldo the Best Player in La Liga. During the next campaign, the 2014–15 season, Ronaldo set a\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048770\",\n \"text\": \"on 5 May 2010, his first in the Spanish competition. His first season at Real Madrid ended trophyless. Following Raúl's departure, Ronaldo was handed the number 7 shirt for Real Madrid before the 2010–11 season. His subsequent return to his Ballon d'Or-winning form was epitomised when, for the first time in his career, he scored four goals in a single match during a 6–1 rout against Racing Santander on 23 October. His haul concluded a goalscoring run of six consecutive matches—three in La Liga, one in the Champions League, and two for Portugal—totalling 11 goals, the most he had scored\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048810\",\n \"text\": \"win over rivals Fiorentina; with this goal, Ronaldo became the first Juventus player since John Charles in 1957 to score 10 goals in his first 14 league games for the club. After placing second in both the UEFA Men's Player of the Year and The Best FIFA Men's Player for the first time in three years, behind Luka Modrić, Ronaldo performances in 2018 also saw him voted runner-up for the 2018 Ballon d'Or on 3 December, finishing once again behind his former Real Madrid teammate. Ronaldo began his international career with Portugal at the 2001 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival,\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048745\",\n \"text\": \"winning the 2016 and 2017 Champions Leagues, Ronaldo secured back-to-back Ballons d'Or again in 2016 and 2017. A historic third consecutive Champions League followed, making Ronaldo the first player to win the trophy five times. In 2018, he signed to Juventus in a transfer worth €100 million, the highest ever paid by an Italian club and the highest fee ever paid for a player over 30 years old. A Portuguese international, Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation in 2015. He made his senior debut for Portugal in 2003 at age 18,\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048768\",\n \"text\": \"Diego Maradona at Napoli. Since club captain Raúl already wore the number 7, the number Ronaldo wore at Manchester United, Ronaldo received the number 9 shirt, which was presented to him by former Madrid player Alfredo Di Stéfano. Ronaldo made his debut in La Liga on 29 August 2009, against Deportivo La Coruña, and scored from the penalty spot in Madrid's 3–2 home win. He scored in each of his first four league fixtures with the club, the first Madrid player to do so. His first Champions League goals for the club followed with two free kicks in the first\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048744\",\n \"text\": \"million (£80 million). With Real Madrid, Ronaldo won 15 trophies, including two La Liga titles, two Copas del Rey, four UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Super Cups, and three FIFA Club World Cups. Real Madrid's all-time top goalscorer, Ronaldo scored a record 34 La Liga hat-tricks, including a record-tying eight hat-tricks in the 2014–15 season and is the only player to reach 30 goals in six consecutive La Liga seasons. After joining Madrid, Ronaldo finished runner-up for the Ballon d'Or three times, behind Lionel Messi, his perceived career rival, before winning back-to-back Ballons d'Or in 2013 and 2014. After\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309292\",\n \"text\": \"and Messi 181 million, though Messi does not have a Twitter account. In 2007, Ronaldo and Messi finished as runners-up to A.C. Milan's Kaká in both the Ballon d'Or, an award rewarded to the player voted as the best in the world by an international panel of sports journalists; and the FIFA World Player of the Year, an award voted for by coaches and captains of international teams. In an interview that year, Messi was quoted as saying \\\"Cristiano Ronaldo is an extraordinary player and it would be brilliant to be in the same team as him\\\". They first played\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048855\",\n \"text\": \"released, over 520,000 had been sold, with $62.4 million generated in one day. Ronaldo opened his first fashion boutique under the name \\\"CR7\\\" (his initials and shirt number) on the island of Madeira, Portugal, in 2006. Ronaldo expanded his business with a second clothes boutique in Lisbon in 2008. In partnership with Scandinavian manufacturer JBS Textile Group and the New York fashion designer Richard Chai, Ronaldo co-designed a range of underwear and sock line, released in November 2013. He later expanded his \\\"CR7\\\" fashion brand by launching a line of premium shirts and shoes by July 2014. In September 2015,\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048851\",\n \"text\": \"in 2013, with Brazilian footballer Neymar topping both lists. Sports market research company Repucom named Ronaldo the most marketable and most recognised football player in the world in May 2014. He was additionally named in the 2014 Time 100, \\\"Time\\\"s annual list of the most influential people in the world. ESPN named Ronaldo the world's most famous athlete in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Ronaldo has established a strong online presence; the most popular sportsperson on social media, he counted 158 million total followers across Facebook, Twitter and Instagram by June 2015. , he has the world's biggest Facebook fanbase with\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048799\",\n \"text\": \"quarter-final against Bayern Munich, Ronaldo scored two goals in a 2–1 away win to give Madrid the win and the lead going into the second leg. The two goals saw him make history in becoming the first player to reach 100 goals in UEFA club competition. During the second leg of the quarter-finals, Ronaldo scored a perfect hat-trick and reached his 100th UEFA Champions League goal, becoming the first player to do so as Real Madrid again defeated Bayern 4–2 after extra-time. On 2 May, Ronaldo scored another hat-trick in the following Champions League match, as Real Madrid defeated Atlético\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048742\",\n \"text\": \"A prolific goalscorer, Ronaldo holds the records for most official goals scored in Europe's top-five leagues (405), the UEFA Champions League (121), the UEFA European Championship (9), as well as those for most assists in the UEFA Champions League (34) and the UEFA European Championship (6). He has scored over 680 senior career goals for club and country. Born and raised on the Portuguese island of Madeira, Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart at age 15. He underwent an operation to treat his condition, and began his senior club career playing for Sporting CP, before signing with Manchester United\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048807\",\n \"text\": \"the past tense, sparking speculation that he could leave Real Madrid. After a week of transfer speculation, on 10 July 2018, Ronaldo signed a four-year contract with Italian club Juventus after completing a €100 million transfer, which included an additional €12 million in other fees and solidarity contributions to Ronaldo's youth clubs. The transfer was the highest ever for a player over 30 years old, and the highest ever paid by an Italian club. Upon signing, Ronaldo cited his need for a new challenge as his rationale for departing Real Madrid, but later on he attributed the transfer to the\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048840\",\n \"text\": \"in the box, and score from few opportunities. Ronaldo is widely regarded as one of the two best players of his generation, alongside Lionel Messi. Ronaldo quickly established himself among the world's best players in his early 20s, featuring as the core component for Manchester United in the mid-to-late 2000s. However, after winning his first Ballon d'Or by a record-high vote count at age 23, the public debate regarding his qualities as a player moved beyond his status in contemporary football to the possibility that he was one of the greatest players in history. Universally acclaimed for his prolific and\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048783\",\n \"text\": \"half of the campaign, Ronaldo suggested that he was in the best form of his career. By late November, he had scored 32 goals from 22 matches played for both club and country, including hat-tricks against Galatasaray, Sevilla, Real Sociedad, Northern Ireland, and Sweden. He ended 2013 with a total of 69 goals in 59 appearances, his highest year-end goal tally. His efforts earned him the FIFA Ballon d'Or, an amalgamation of the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award, for the first time in his career. Concurrently with his individual achievements, Ronaldo enjoyed his greatest\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048837\",\n \"text\": \"the perfect place to hit the ball in the sweet spot. He is the ultimate showman. He has that slight arrogance. When he pulls those shorts up and shows his thighs, he is saying 'All eyes on me' and this is going in. He understands the marketing side of it. The way he struts up and places it; the world is watching him. At Real Madrid, Ronaldo continued to play a more offensive role, while his creative and defensive duties became more limited, although not entirely diminished. Initially deployed as a centre forward, he was later moved back onto the\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048833\",\n \"text\": \"In this position, he was able to use his pace and acceleration, agility, and technical skills to take on opponents in one-on-one situations. Ronaldo became noted for his dribbling and flair, often displaying an array of tricks and feints, such as the step overs and so-called 'chops' that became his trademark. As Ronaldo matured, he underwent a major physical transformation, developing a muscular body type that allows him to retain possession of the ball, and strong legs that make up for an outstanding jumping ability. His strength and jumping ability, combined with his elevation and height of , gives him\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048794\",\n \"text\": \"setting the record at 11 goals, including another four-goal haul against Malmö. Despite finishing runner-up to Messi for the FIFA Ballon d'Or, Ronaldo received criticism for his form and performances against top teams, with 14 of his goals coming against Espanyol and Malmö. However, during the second half of the season, his form gradually improved. By scoring four goals in a 7–1 home win over Celta de Vigo on 5 March 2016, Ronaldo arrived at 252 goals in La Liga to become the competition's second-highest scorer in history behind Messi. After netting the match-winning goal for 10-man Madrid in a\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048761\",\n \"text\": \"scored a total of 42 goals in all competitions during the 2007–08 season, his most prolific campaign during his time in England. He missed three matches after headbutting a Portsmouth player at the start of the season, an experience he said taught him not to let opponents provoke him. At the end of 2007, Ronaldo was named runner-up to Kaká for the Ballon d'Or, and came third, behind Kaká and Lionel Messi, in the running for the FIFA World Player of the Year award. Ronaldo scored his first and only hat-trick for Manchester United in a 6–0 win against Newcastle\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048802\",\n \"text\": \"At the start of the 2017–18 season, Ronaldo scored Madrid's second goal in a 3–1 Supercopa de España first-leg victory over Barcelona at Camp Nou. Having received a yellow card for taking his shirt off during his goal celebration, he was sent off for a second yellow card offence minutes later before he shoved the referee lightly to depict his dissatisfaction. He was issued a five-match suspension following the match. In his 400th game for Real Madrid, Ronaldo scored two goals away to Borussia Dortmund in the Champions League, taking his club tally to 411 goals. On 23 October, his\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048778\",\n \"text\": \"2–2 draw at Camp Nou. His performances in 2012 again saw Ronaldo voted second in the running for the FIFA Ballon d'Or, finishing runner-up to four-time winner Messi. Following the 2012–13 winter break, Ronaldo captained Real Madrid for the first time in an official match, scoring a brace to lift 10-man Madrid to a 4–3 victory over Real Sociedad on 6 January. He subsequently became the first non-Spanish player in 60 years to captain Madrid in \\\"El Clásico\\\" on 30 January, a match which also marked his 500th club appearance. Three days prior, he had scored his 300th club goal\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048753\",\n \"text\": \"at Sporting, he received the number 7 shirt, which had previously been worn by such United players as George Best, Eric Cantona and David Beckham. Wearing the number 7 became an extra source of motivation for Ronaldo. A key element in his development during his time in England proved to be his manager, Alex Ferguson, of whom he later said, \\\"He's been my father in sport, one of the most important and influential factors in my career.\\\" Ronaldo made his debut in the Premier League in a 4–0 home victory over Bolton Wanderers on 16 August 2003, receiving a standing\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048822\",\n \"text\": \"the group stage on goal difference. Ronaldo scored five goals, including a hat-trick against Armenia, in the qualification for Euro 2016. With the only goal in another victory over Armenia on 14 November 2014, he reached 23 goals in the European Championship, including qualifying matches, to become the competition's all-time leading goalscorer. At the start of the tournament, however, Ronaldo failed to convert his chances in Portugal's draws against Iceland and Austria, despite taking a total of 20 shots on goal. In the latter match, he overtook Luís Figo as his nation's most capped player with his 128th international appearance,\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048798\",\n \"text\": \"the Ballon d'Or for a fourth time and the inaugural Best FIFA Men's Player, a revival of the former FIFA World Player of the Year, largely owing to his success with Portugal in winning Euro 2016. In Real Madrid's 3–2 away win against Villarreal on 27 February 2017, Ronaldo overtook Hugo Sánchez as the most prolific penalty-kick scorer in La Liga history. As a result of the penalty scored by Ronaldo, Real Madrid reached its 5,900th goal in the history of the league and became the first team to do so. On 12 April, in the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048772\",\n \"text\": \"the 103rd minute of the Copa del Rey final, winning his first trophy in Spain. Over the next two weeks, Ronaldo scored another four-goal haul against Sevilla, a hat-trick against Getafe, and a brace of free kicks against Villarreal, taking his league total to 38 goals, which equalled the record for most goals scored in a season held by Telmo Zarra and Hugo Sánchez. His two goals in the last match of the season, against Almería, made him the first player in La Liga to score 40 goals. In addition to the Pichichi Trophy, Ronaldo consequently won the European Golden\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048843\",\n \"text\": \"insisting that his competitive nature should not be mistaken for arrogance. His managers, teammates and various journalists have commented that this reputation has caused an unfair image of him. In 2014, Ronaldo told \\\"France Football\\\" that he had made a \\\"mistake\\\" when he said in 2011, \\\"People are jealous of me as I am young, handsome and rich\\\", adding that he had matured since then and fans understood him better. Ronaldo has adopted several goalscoring celebrations throughout his career, including one particular celebration which gained widespread coverage in the media, when he squatted and stared directly into a camera on\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048819\",\n \"text\": \"in the penalty shootout. Ronaldo did not take a penalty as he had been slated to take the unused fifth, a decision that drew criticism. As the joint top scorer with three goals, alongside five other players, he was again included in the team of the tournament. During the qualification for the 2014 World Cup, Ronaldo scored a total of eight goals. A qualifying match on 17 October 2012, a 1–1 draw against Northern Ireland, earned him his 100th cap. His first international hat-trick also came against Northern Ireland, when he found the net three times in a 15-minute spell\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048806\",\n \"text\": \"time penalty in a 3–1 defeat, with an overall 4–3 aggregate win. It was also his tenth goal against Juventus, a Champions League record against a single club. In the final of the tournament, on 26 May, Real Madrid defeated Liverpool 3–1, winning Ronaldo his fifth Champions League title as Real Madrid completed their third consecutive Champions League triumph, becoming the first team to do so. He finished as the top scorer of the tournament for the sixth consecutive season, ending the campaign with 15 goals. After the final, Ronaldo referred to his time with the Champions League winners in\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048752\",\n \"text\": \"however, the Manchester United players urged Ferguson to sign him. After the game, Ferguson agreed to pay Sporting £12.24 million for what he considered to be \\\"one of the most exciting young players\\\" he had ever seen. A decade after his departure from the club, in April 2013, Sporting honoured Ronaldo by selecting him to become their 100,000th member. Ronaldo became Manchester United's first-ever Portuguese player when he signed before the 2003–04 season. His transfer fee of £12.24 million made him, at the time, the most expensive teenager in English football history. Although he requested the number 28, his number\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048831\",\n \"text\": \"to do so in total. His third goal saw him curl in a 30-yard free kick with two minutes remaining for the equaliser. His hat-trick also drew him level with Ferenc Puskás as the highest European goalscorer of all-time, with 84 international goals. In Portugal's second game on 20 June, Ronaldo scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory against Morocco, breaking Puskás' record. In the final group match against Iran on 25 June, Ronaldo missed a penalty in an eventual 1–1 draw which saw Portugal progress to the second round as group runners-up behind Spain. On 30 June, Portugal\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048790\",\n \"text\": \"finish and a semi-final exit in Europe. In the latter competition, Ronaldo extended his run of scoring away to a record 12 matches with his strike in a 2–0 win against Schalke 04, before hitting a brace in the 3–4 return defeat that allowed Madrid to progress to the quarter-finals. He then scored both of his side's goals in the semi-finals against Juventus, where Madrid were eliminated 2–3 on aggregate. With 10 goals, he finished the campaign as top scorer for a third consecutive season, alongside Messi and Neymar. In La Liga, where Madrid finished second, Ronaldo went on a\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048825\",\n \"text\": \"in the 109th minute to earn Portugal a 1–0 victory. As team captain, Ronaldo later lifted the trophy in celebration of his country's first-ever triumph in a major tournament. He was awarded the Silver Boot as the joint second-highest goalscorer, with three goals and three assists, and was named to the team of the tournament for the third time in his career. Following the Euro 2016 success, Ronaldo scored four goals against Andorra in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers on 8 October 2016. His four goals against a nine-man team marked the highest number of goals he has scored\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048780\",\n \"text\": \"violent conduct. Real Madrid also failed to defend their La Liga title, finishing runners up to Barcelona. In the first knockout round of the Champions League, Ronaldo faced his former club Manchester United for the first time. After scoring the equaliser in a 1–1 draw at the Santiago Bernabéu, he scored the match-winning goal in a 2–1 victory at Old Trafford, his first return to his former home ground. He did not celebrate scoring against his former club as a mark of respect. Ronaldo scored three goals in Madrid's 5–3 aggregate victory over Galatasaray to see them advance to the\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048841\",\n \"text\": \"consistent goalscoring ability, he is considered a decisive player, who stands out in games and who can be a game changer, especially in important and high-pressured situations. Ronaldo is noted for his work ethic, elite body conditioning, and dedication to improvement on the training pitch, as well being regarded as a natural leader. Writing of his \\\"extraordinary commitment to physical preparation\\\", Adam Bate of Sky Sports adds, \\\"Dedication is a huge part of staying at the top and Ronaldo's focus is perhaps unparalleled within the game.\\\" His drive and determination to succeed are fuelled by a desire to be talked\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048786\",\n \"text\": \"in Europe. In the Copa del Rey, Ronaldo helped Madrid reach the final by scoring a brace of penalties against Atlético Madrid at the Vicente Calderón, the first of which meant he had now scored in every single minute of a 90-minute football match. His continued issues with his knee and thigh caused him to miss the final, where Real Madrid defeated Barcelona 2–1 to claim the trophy. While Madrid were less successful in La Liga, finishing third, Ronaldo was unmatched as a goalscorer. He scored 31 goals in 30 league games, which earned him the Pichichi and the European\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048845\",\n \"text\": \"the best player in modern football. It has been compared to sports rivalries such as the Muhammad Ali–Joe Frazier rivalry in boxing, the Borg–McEnroe rivalry in tennis, and the Ayrton Senna–Alain Prost rivalry from Formula One motor racing. Some commentators choose to analyse the differing physiques and playing styles of the two, while part of the debate revolves around the contrasting personalities of the two players: Ronaldo is sometimes depicted as an arrogant and theatrical showoff, while Messi is portrayed as a shy, humble character. In a 2012 interview, Ronaldo commented on the rivalry, saying \\\"I think we push each\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048849\",\n \"text\": \"has worn the Nike Mercurial Vapor personalized CR7 edition), soft drinks, clothing, automotive lubricants, financial services, electronics and computer video games. Ronaldo was featured as the cover athlete of EA Sports' \\\"FIFA\\\" video game \\\"FIFA 18\\\" and was heavily involved in the game's promotion. His 'Siiii' goal celebration features in the \\\"FIFA\\\" series, accompanied with his own voiceover. He was also the face of \\\"Pro Evolution Soccer\\\", appearing on the cover in 2008, 2012 and 2013. \\\"Forbes\\\" has twice ranked Ronaldo first on its list of the world's highest-paid football players; his combined income from salaries, bonuses and non-football earnings\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048815\",\n \"text\": \"qualifying games for Euro 2008, scoring two goals in the process. One day after his 22nd birthday, Ronaldo captained Portugal for the first time in a friendly game against Brazil on 6 February 2007, as requested by Portuguese Football Federation president Carlos Silva, who had died two days earlier. Ahead of Euro 2008, he was given the number 7 shirt for the first time. While he scored eight goals in the qualification, the second-highest tally, he scored just one goal in the tournament, netting the second goal of their 3–1 win in the group stage match against the Czech Republic;\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048832\",\n \"text\": \"were eliminated following a 2–1 defeat to Uruguay in the last 16. A versatile attacker, Ronaldo is capable of playing on either wing as well as through the centre of the pitch, and, while ostensibly right-footed, is very strong with both feet. He ranks among the world's fastest footballers, both with and without the ball. Tactically, Ronaldo has undergone several evolutions throughout his career. While at Sporting and during his first season at Manchester United, he was typically deployed as a traditional winger on the right side of midfield, where he regularly looked to deliver crosses into the penalty area.\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048830\",\n \"text\": \"scoring a goal against Andorra in a 2–0 victory. In the build-up to the 2018 World Cup, Portugal hosted friendlies against Tunisia, Belgium and Algeria. Ronaldo featured in the final of the three matches in which he made his 150th international appearance. On 15 June 2018, Ronaldo became the oldest player ever to score a hat-trick in a World Cup match, helping Portugal secure a 3–3 draw against Spain in their opening match at the World Cup. In doing so, he also became the first Portuguese player to score a goal in four World Cups and one of four players\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048797\",\n \"text\": \"to keep him with Madrid until 2021. On 19 November, he scored a hat-trick in a 3–0 away win against Atlético Madrid, making him the all-time top scorer in the Madrid derby with 18 goals. On 15 December, Ronaldo scored his 500th club career goal in the 2–0 victory over Club América in the semi-finals of the FIFA Club World Cup. He then scored a hat-trick in the 4–2 win over Japanese club Kashima Antlers in the final. Ronaldo finished the tournament as top scorer with four goals and was also named the best player of the tournament. He won\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048818\",\n \"text\": \"drawn in a \\\"group of death\\\". After the opening 0–1 defeat to Germany, he also failed to score in the 3–2 win against Denmark, missing two clear one-on-one chances. In the last group stage game against the Netherlands, Ronaldo scored twice to secure a 2–1 victory. He scored a header in the quarter-finals against the Czech Republic to give his team a 1–0 win. In both games against the Netherlands and the Czech Republic he was named man of the match. After the semi-finals against Spain ended scoreless, with Ronaldo having sent three shots over the bar, Portugal were eliminated\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048774\",\n \"text\": \"Real Zaragoza, Rayo Vallecano, Málaga, Osasuna, and Sevilla, the last of which put Madrid on top of the league by the season's midway point. Despite two goals from Ronaldo, Madrid were subsequently defeated by Barcelona 4–3 on aggregrate in the quarter-finals of the Copa del Rey. He again scored twice, including a penalty, in the Champions League semi-finals against Bayern Munich, resulting in a 3–3 draw, but his penalty kick in the shootout was saved by Manuel Neuer, leading to Madrid's elimination. Ronaldo found greater team success in the league, as he helped Real Madrid win their first La Liga\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048759\",\n \"text\": \"only the third player to receive consecutive honours. At the quarter-final stage of the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League, Ronaldo scored his first-ever goals in the competition, finding the net twice in a 7–1 victory over Roma. He subsequently scored four minutes into the first semi-final leg against Milan, which ended in a 3–2 win, but was marked out of the second leg as United lost 3–0 at the San Siro. He also helped United reach the FA Cup final, but the decisive match against Chelsea ended in a 1–0 defeat. Ronaldo scored the only goal in the Manchester derby on\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048811\",\n \"text\": \"debuting in a 3–1 defeat to Finland. The following year he would represent his country under-17 side at the 2002 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, where they failed to progress past the group stage. Ronaldo also featured in the Olympic squad at the 2004 Summer Olympics, scoring one goal in the tournament, though the team was eliminated in the first round, finishing bottom of their group with three points after 4–2 defeats to eventual semi-finalists Iraq and quarter-finalists Costa Rica. During his international youth career, Ronaldo would go on to represent the under-15 team, under-17, under-20, under-21, and under-23 national\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048763\",\n \"text\": \"latter award. In the knockout stage of the Champions League, Ronaldo scored the decisive goal against Lyon, which helped United advance to the quarter-finals 2–1 on aggregate, and, while playing as a striker, scored with a header in the 3–0 aggregate victory over Roma. United advanced to the final against Chelsea in Moscow, where, despite his opening goal being negated by an equaliser and his penalty being saved in the shoot-out, Manchester United emerged victorious. As the Champions League top scorer, Ronaldo was named the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year. He additionally received the PFA Players' Player of the\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048767\",\n \"text\": \"in all competitions, 16 goals fewer than the previous season, in four more appearances. His final ever goal for Manchester United came on 10 May 2009 with a free kick in the Manchester derby at Old Trafford. Ahead of the 2009–10 season, Ronaldo joined Real Madrid for a world record transfer fee at the time, of £80 million (€94 million). His contract, which ran until 2015, was worth €11 million per year and contained a €1 billion buy-out clause. At least 80,000 fans attended his presentation at the Santiago Bernabéu, surpassing the 25-year record of 75,000 fans who had welcomed\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048758\",\n \"text\": \"and won his first Premier League title. An important factor in this success was his one-to-one training by first-team coach René Meulensteen, who taught him to make himself more unpredictable, improve his teamwork, call for the ball, and capitalise on goalscoring opportunities rather than waiting for the chance to score the aesthetically pleasing goals for which he was already known. He scored three consecutive braces at the end of December, against Aston Villa—a victory which put United on top of the league—Wigan Athletic, and Reading. Ronaldo was named the Premier League Player of the Month in November and December, becoming\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309300\",\n \"text\": \"did not think it was the end for them. In recent years, it has been said that the rivalry between Real Madrid and Barcelona has been \\\"encapsulated\\\" by the individual rivalry between Ronaldo and Messi, with neither player ever participating in a goalless \\\"El Clásico\\\". Messi–Ronaldo rivalry The Messi–Ronaldo rivalry is a football rivalry between fans of Argentinian forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo and supposedly between the athletes themselves. Having won a combined ten Ballon d'Or/FIFA Ballon d'Or awards (5 each), both are widely regarded not only as the two best players of their generation, but also\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"755495\",\n \"text\": \"run like a sprinter”, Zlatan added, “nobody influenced football and the players who emerged as much as Ronaldo”. Emilio Butragueño stated, “Ronaldo creates a goalscoring opportunity where it doesn’t exist. Most strikers need the midfielders and their teammates, but he does not.” On his speed of thought, Kaká said “For me the best players are those who are able to think of a play and execute it quickest and in the best way possible, and Ronaldo was the best at that. The speed of thought he had – and the speed he had to carry out his actions – were\",\n \"title\": \"Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18309288\",\n \"text\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry The Messi–Ronaldo rivalry is a football rivalry between fans of Argentinian forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo and supposedly between the athletes themselves. Having won a combined ten Ballon d'Or/FIFA Ballon d'Or awards (5 each), both are widely regarded not only as the two best players of their generation, but also regarded by many as the greatest of all time. Both players have regularly broken the 50 goal barrier in a single season and have scored over 600 goals each in their careers for club and country. Sports journalists and pundits regularly argue the individual merits\",\n \"title\": \"Messi–Ronaldo rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048836\",\n \"text\": \"free kicks, is known for using the \\\"knuckleball\\\" technique, which had previously been popularised by Juninho Pernambucano; he also adopts a trademark stance before striking the ball, which involves him standing with his legs far apart. Regarding Cristiano Ronaldo's unique style of taking free kicks, former Manchester United assistant manager Mike Phelan has commented: \\\"People used to put the ball down, walk away, run up and hit it. He brought in a more dynamic showmanship. He places the ball down, the concentration level is high, he takes his certain amount of steps back so that his standing foot is in\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048764\",\n \"text\": \"Year and FWA Footballer of the Year awards for the second consecutive season. As rumours circulated of Ronaldo's interest in moving to Real Madrid, United filed a tampering complaint with governing body FIFA over Madrid's alleged pursuit of their player, but they declined to take action. FIFA president Sepp Blatter asserted that the player should be allowed to leave his club, describing the situation as \\\"modern slavery\\\". Despite Ronaldo publicly agreeing with Blatter, he remained at United for another year. Ahead of the 2008–09 season, on 7 July, he underwent ankle surgery, which kept him out of action for 10\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048808\",\n \"text\": \"lack of support he felt was shown by club president Florentino Pérez. Ronaldo made his official debut for Juventus in their opening Serie A match on 18 August, a 3–2 away win over Chievo. On 16 September, his fourth appearance for Juventus, he scored his first goal, which was immediately followed by a second, in a 2–1 home win over Sassuolo; the latter was the 400th league goal of his career. On 19 September, in his first Champions League match for Juventus, he was sent off in the 29th minute for \\\"violent conduct\\\"—the first time in 154 Champions League appearances—in\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048769\",\n \"text\": \"group match against Zürich. His strong start to the season, however, was interrupted when he suffered an ankle injury in October while on international duty, which kept him sidelined for seven weeks. A week after his return, he received his first red card in Spain in a match against Almería. Midway through the season, Ronaldo placed second in the running for the Ballon d'Or and the FIFA World Player of the Year award, behind Lionel Messi of Barcelona, Madrid's historic rivals. He finished the campaign with 33 goals in all competitions, including a hat-trick in a 4–1 win against Mallorca\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048813\",\n \"text\": \"0–1 defeat. He was featured in the team of the tournament, having provided two assists in addition to his two goals. Ronaldo was the second-highest scorer in the European qualification for the 2006 FIFA World Cup with seven goals. During the tournament, he scored his first World Cup goal against Iran with a penalty kick in Portugal's second match of the group stage. In the quarter-finals against England, his Manchester United teammate Wayne Rooney was sent off for stamping on Portugal defender Ricardo Carvalho. Although the referee later clarified that the red card was only due to Rooney's infraction, the\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048785\",\n \"text\": \"120th minute of the 4–1 final victory over Atlético Madrid, becoming the first player to score in two European Cup finals for two different winning teams. His overall performance in the final was subdued as a result of patellar tendinitis and related hamstring problems, which had plagued him in the last months of the campaign. Ronaldo played the final against medical advice, later commenting: \\\"In your life you do not win without sacrifices and you must take risks.\\\" As the Champions League top goalscorer for the third time, with a record 17 goals, he was named the UEFA Best Player\",\n \"title\": \"Cristiano Ronaldo\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["real madrid c.f."],"string":"[\n \"real madrid c.f.\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2184,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what is the currency of germany in 2010?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2204686","text":"Germany was reunified in 1990. The German mark was replaced by the euro, first as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, at a conversion rate of 1.95583 marks per euro. Thereafter, the mark-denominated notes and coins represented the euro at that conversion rate, and remained legal tender until 1 January 2002, when they were replaced by euro notes and coins. Germany mints its own German euro coins, but all euro coins are legal tender throughout the Eurozone. The remaining Convertible mark of Bosnia-Herzegovina is a currency that officially replaced the German mark as de facto currency of the ruptured","title":"Mark (currency)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2204686\",\n \"text\": \"Germany was reunified in 1990. The German mark was replaced by the euro, first as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, at a conversion rate of 1.95583 marks per euro. Thereafter, the mark-denominated notes and coins represented the euro at that conversion rate, and remained legal tender until 1 January 2002, when they were replaced by euro notes and coins. Germany mints its own German euro coins, but all euro coins are legal tender throughout the Eurozone. The remaining Convertible mark of Bosnia-Herzegovina is a currency that officially replaced the German mark as de facto currency of the ruptured\",\n \"title\": \"Mark (currency)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"13603920","text":"state. As such, Germany hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011. Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 Germany is the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 winner, which was held in May 2010 in Bærum, Norway. The country's entry was selected in a series of competitive heats and a national final – Unser Star für Oslo 2010 – which was organised jointly by the public broadcasters ARD and NDR and the private television channel ProSieben, together with the three-time Eurovision participant for Germany (as singer and/or songwriter) and music producer, Stefan Raab. News on planning for Germany's Eurovision Song Contest 2010 entry","title":"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010"},{"psg_id":"3537241","text":"its new currency symbol, ₹ () on 15 July 2010. It is a blend of the Latin letter 'R' with the Devanagari letter 'र' (ra). When writing currency amounts, the location of the symbol varies by currency. Many currencies in the English-speaking world and Latin America place it before the amount (e.g., R$50,00). The Cape Verdean escudo places its symbol in the decimal separator position (i.e., 20$00). In many European countries such as France, Germany, Greece, Scandinavian countries, the symbol is usually placed after the amount (e.g., 20,50 €). The decimal separator also follows local countries' standards. For instance, the","title":"Currency symbol"},{"psg_id":"13603913","text":"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 Germany is the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 winner, which was held in May 2010 in Bærum, Norway. The country's entry was selected in a series of competitive heats and a national final – Unser Star für Oslo 2010 – which was organised jointly by the public broadcasters ARD and NDR and the private television channel ProSieben, together with the three-time Eurovision participant for Germany (as singer and/or songwriter) and music producer, Stefan Raab. News on planning for Germany's Eurovision Song Contest 2010 entry spread shortly after the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 had ended,","title":"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010"},{"psg_id":"15809772","text":"seen substantial appreciation of their currencies in 2010. However both Australia and Canada have strong economies and are rich in natural resources. According to Moody's, negative effects from New Zealand's appreciation is offset by the fact that her currency has depreciated with respect to Australia, her biggest customer. The Eurozone is a special case where some members, principally Germany, enjoy a large current account surplus and so could accept or even benefit from currency appreciation. Other countries though such as Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland have twin deficits and so to a large extent would benefit from a depreciation. While","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"15000379","text":"Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010 The Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010 was a bill by the Congress of the United States that sought punitive trade tariffs on countries that have perceived unfair competitive advantaged by such measures as currency manipulation. The Act followed controversy as to China artificially keeping the yuan lower than its actual value (some say by at least 20%). Further to China there were other countries, most notably Japan, that took measures to weaken their currency. The bill was introduced by Rep. Timothy Ryan [D-OH] on 13 May 2010. It was passed on","title":"Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010"},{"psg_id":"15000381","text":"a violation, the administration should to take action in the form of a \"countervailing duty or antidumping duty\" so as to offset such a misalignment. It also said the currency of a non-market economy would be subject to the provisions of the Act. An amendment was offered in the House committee, and was adopted. Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010 The Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010 was a bill by the Congress of the United States that sought punitive trade tariffs on countries that have perceived unfair competitive advantaged by such measures as currency manipulation. The Act","title":"Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010"},{"psg_id":"17544677","text":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward","title":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency"},{"psg_id":"2480285","text":"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate","title":"Currency board"},{"psg_id":"5833735","text":"taken up. Sweden's large army of the time were paid entirely in copper currency, further issued in large numbers by Gustavus II to finance his war against Ferdinand II of Germany. The face value of the copper coins in circulation now greatly exceeded the reserves of the state and production of the national economy, and quickly the value of the currency fell to its commodity value, which in a country where copper was so abundant, was small indeed. The savings of the people of Sweden were wiped out. When Gustavus' daughter and heir Christina reached maturity at 18, after a","title":"History of copper currency in Sweden"},{"psg_id":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"psg_id":"11769269","text":"union in 2001 and 2003. The terms of what would be called the \"GCC Monetary Agreement\" followed shortly after that, with the convergence criteria of the single currency being decided in 2005. Oman became the first state to pull out of the union, in 2006, and the UAE, in 2009, the second and so far last state to withdraw from this tentative agreement to create a single Gulf currency. Originally slated for adoption in 2010, Nasser al-Kaud, deputy assistant general for economic affairs at the GCC, admitted on March 24, 2009, that this deadline for establishment of the monetary union","title":"Khaleeji (currency)"},{"psg_id":"3679706","text":"System of America would be fallacious and would not provide a central bank that will accomplish what it must do in Western Germany. European bankers have had several centuries’ experience in running central banks and are thoroughly skilled in the central banking theory on the European pattern. A new currency should be issued with new plates for printing, so that the Russian printed currency cannot flow westward into Germany any more. Before issuing the new bank notes every effort should be made, to stimulate the production of consumer goods, so that the Germans could buy something with the new currency.","title":"A Report on Germany"},{"psg_id":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"psg_id":"1507212","text":"as well as official discouragement of reserve status from the potential rivals, Germany and Japan. The top reserve currency is generally selected by the banking community for the strength and stability of the economy in which it is used. Thus, as a currency becomes less stable, or its economy becomes less dominant, bankers may over time abandon it for a currency issued by a larger or more stable economy. This can take a relatively long time, as recognition is important in determining a reserve currency. For example, it took many years after the United States overtook the United Kingdom as","title":"Reserve currency"},{"psg_id":"6038034","text":"What Is Love \"What Is Love\" is a song recorded by Trinidadian-German Eurodance artist Haddaway for his debut album, \"The Album\". The song is recognizable by its refrain \"What is love? Baby don't hurt me, don't hurt me... no more.\" It was a massive hit in Europe, becoming a number-one hit in at least 13 countries and reaching number two in Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Outside Europe, the song was moderately successful, reaching number 11 in the United States, number 12 in Australia, number 17 in Canada, and number 48 in New Zealand. \"What Is Love\" was written","title":"What Is Love"},{"psg_id":"10032717","text":"enemy of civilization. Only when he does can he take his place in the society of man. Then, and then only, will the German farmer, the German mailman, the German cop be like the folks back home. Then, and then only, can beautiful Germany, industrious Germany, cultured Germany join the peaceful nations of the world.\" Here Is Germany Here Is Germany is a 1945 American propaganda documentary film directed by Frank Capra. Like its companion film, \"\", the film is a full-length exploration of why one of the two major Axis countries started World War II and what had to","title":"Here Is Germany"},{"psg_id":"14373058","text":"Germany at the 2010 Winter Paralympics Germany sent 20 competitors to compete in four disciplines at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They placed first overall in the medal standings with a total of 13 gold medals. The Alpine Ski Team from Germany won a total of 15 medals. The medalists are: The Biathlon team from Germany won a total of 5 medals at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. The medalists are: The German athletes participating in the Cross-country skiing events won a total of 4 medals. The medalists are: Germany competed in wheelchair curling. They placed last,","title":"Germany at the 2010 Winter Paralympics"},{"psg_id":"14957806","text":"international markets, this can increase the supply of the currency and hence push down its value. By October 2010 expectations in the markets were high that the United States, UK, and Japan would soon embark on a second round of QE, with the prospects for the Eurozone to join them less certain. In early November 2010 the United States launched QE2, the second round of quantitative easing, which had been expected. The Federal Reserve made an additional $600 billion available for the purchase of financial assets. This prompted widespread criticism from China, Germany, and Brazil that the United States was","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"15509488","text":"(What Is) Love? \"(What Is) Love?\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. Originally entitled \"What Is Love?\", the song appeared on the soundtrack to \"The Back-up Plan\" (2010), a film in which Lopez stars. The song was later included on Lopez's seventh studio album \"Love?\" (2011), as the album's title track. \"(What Is) Love?\" is a midtempo electropop song written by Diana \"Wynter\" Gordon, with the song's producer Emile \"D'Mile\" Dernst II. The song is about \"not knowing what love is,\" according to Gordon. A remix of \"(What Is) Love?\", entitled \"What Is Love? Part II\", was","title":"(What Is) Love?"},{"psg_id":"14373059","text":"with a score of 3-6, equaling the teams from Great Britain, Switzerland, Norway and Japan. Their results are: Germany at the 2010 Winter Paralympics Germany sent 20 competitors to compete in four disciplines at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They placed first overall in the medal standings with a total of 13 gold medals. The Alpine Ski Team from Germany won a total of 15 medals. The medalists are: The Biathlon team from Germany won a total of 5 medals at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. The medalists are: The German athletes participating in the Cross-country skiing","title":"Germany at the 2010 Winter Paralympics"},{"psg_id":"19648063","text":"to forecasted cash flows and don’t allow hedging economic risk. Currency analytics allow companies to mitigate cash flow risk by uncovering accounting exposures to match the economic exposures so the company can hedge the accounting exposure as a proxy. Currency analytics enable what/if scenario analysis so companies can model how volatility in particular currencies could impact their revenue and expenses in the future. Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange","title":"Currency analytics"},{"psg_id":"5601890","text":"action was taken after Visa partially blocked the use of DCC 1 May 2010 to 6 October 2010. The main DCC providers are: Dynamic currency conversion Dynamic currency conversion (DCC) or cardholder preferred currency (CPC) is a process whereby the amount of a Visa or MasterCard transaction is converted by a merchant or ATM to the currency of the payment card's country of issue at the point of sale. DCC allows the merchant, merchant's bank or ATM operator to charge a markup on the exchange rate used, sometimes by as much as 18%. Where the DCC markup is less than","title":"Dynamic currency conversion"},{"psg_id":"14013689","text":"his Olympic debut at the age of 41. Germany played in Group C. Germany earned the maximum quota of ten spots. Robert Becker was also part of the German team but did not participate in any event. Germany earned the maximum quota of six spots. Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics Germany participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 153 athletes represented Germany, entering all 15 sports. Figure skater Sarah Hecken (aged 16) was the youngest team member, while Curling European Champion Andrea Schöpp was the oldest at 44. Three time Olympic champion André Lange (bobsleigh)","title":"Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics"},{"psg_id":"14880810","text":"2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany The 2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany was the eighth round of the 2010 World Touring Car Championship season and the sixth running of the FIA WTCC Race of Germany. It was held at the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben near Oschersleben, Germany on 5 September 2010. Race one was won by Alain Menu of Chevrolet RML and race two was by Andy Priaulx of BMW Team RBM. After the Race of the Czech Republic, Yvan Muller was leading the drivers' championship by a reduced margin of five points of Gabriele Tarquini. Sergio Hernández was leading","title":"2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany"},{"psg_id":"10032710","text":"Here Is Germany Here Is Germany is a 1945 American propaganda documentary film directed by Frank Capra. Like its companion film, \"\", the film is a full-length exploration of why one of the two major Axis countries started World War II and what had to be done to keep them from \"doing it again\". The film opens with scenes of everyday life in Germany, described by narrator Walter Huston. It shows people such as housewives, mailmen, farmers and policemen at work, and notes that these people were not so different from Americans, and seem like people Americans can understand. Anthony","title":"Here Is Germany"},{"psg_id":"19810108","text":"standard of living, and this will cause a serious chain effect. What happens in China is affecting the world. The problem is that China is growing too big. Therefore, the problem that bubbles occur is more serious than we think. European strategists pointed out that in the 1970s, Germany experienced a strong growth rate and a higher capital inflow in the 1970s. The only way to prove that it was effective to safely land the economy at the time was a currency value. Other methods did not work. On the basis of this, European bureaucrats argued that curbing inflation is","title":"The World Is Curved"},{"psg_id":"4105804","text":"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,","title":"Currency union"},{"psg_id":"4108592","text":"Office of the Comptroller of the Currency The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an independent bureau within the United States Department of the Treasury that was established by the National Currency Act of 1863 and serves to charter, regulate, and supervise all national banks and thrift institutions and the federally licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks in the United States. The Comptroller of the Currency is Joseph Otting. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., it has four district offices located in New York City, Chicago, Dallas and Denver. It has an additional 48 field offices throughout the","title":"Office of the Comptroller of the Currency"},{"psg_id":"3664839","text":"the debt from King William’s War. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, “that unless it is backed by specie it is cost free currency.” The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts were eleven percent. The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall","title":"Currency Act"},{"psg_id":"662361","text":"in Canada and over 400 in the United Kingdom. Australia, France, New Zealand, and Switzerland have similar systems. Kenya: Senegal: South Africa: Japan: Hong Kong: Indonesia: Malaysia: Bangladesh [Chandpur Chittagonj Dhaka] Australia: Canada: \"See List of Canadian community currencies\"<br> Mexico: United States: \"See List of community currencies in the United States\" Argentina: Brazil: Venezuela: Austria: Belgium: Czech Republic: Denmark: France: Germany: Hungary: Greece: Italy: Latvia: Malta: Netherlands: Russia: Slovakia: Spain: Switzerland: Ukraine: United Kingdom: [[Category:Local currencies| ]] [[Category:Freiwirtschaft]] [[Category:Localism (politics)]] [[Category:Monetary reform]] [[Category:Community building]] Local currency In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a","title":"Local currency"},{"psg_id":"165224","text":"corporations. The recovery was accelerated by the currency reform of June 1948, U.S. gifts of $1.4 billion as part of the Marshall Plan, the breaking down of old trade barriers and traditional practices, and the opening of the global market. West Germany gained legitimacy and respect, as it shed the horrible reputation Germany had gained under the Nazis. West Germany played a central role in the creation of European cooperation; it joined NATO in 1955 and was a founding member of the European Economic Community in 1958. The most dramatic and successful policy event was the currency reform of 1948.","title":"History of Germany"},{"psg_id":"15509492","text":"she was dissatisfied with the circumstances, but was in \"no way dissing Lopez.\" A mastered version of \"What Is Love?\" was included on the soundtrack to \"The Back-up Plan\" (2010), a film in which Lopez stars. \"What Is Love?\" was re-titled as \"(What Is) Love?\" and appeared on \"Love?\" (2011). \"(What Is) Love?\" was due to be released as a promotional single from \"Love?\" on April 26, 2011, but was \"unlocked\" and released four days earlier, on April 22, 2011 by through a campaign on Lopez's Facebook page. It was released in many European countries on April 25. The song","title":"(What Is) Love?"},{"psg_id":"15809778","text":"early October 2010. Economic commentators such as Martin Wolf have speculated that China is wary of complying with pressure to allow a substantial currency appreciation as she considers the long period of stagnation Japan experienced after the \"Plaza accord\" as in part resulting from Japan allowing a substantial appreciation of her currency against the dollar. Chinese premier Wen Jiabao has stated that reforms to re-balance the Chinese economy away from its current dependency on exports are well underway and that the yuan is being allowed to gradually appreciate. He warned that if China is forced to revalue its currency too","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"15809792","text":"expressed skepticism about the risk of a war breaking out, with Marc Chandler, chief currency strategist at Brown Brothers Harriman, advising that: \"A real currency war remains a remote possibility.\" Currency War of 2009–11 The Currency War of 2009–2011 was an episode of competitive devaluation which became prominent in the financial press in September 2010. Competitive devaluation involves states competing with each other to achieve a relatively low valuation for their own currency, so as to assist their domestic industry. With the financial crises of 2008 the export sectors of many emerging economies have experienced declining orders, and from 2009","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"6038036","text":"at number two in the United Kingdom and Germany and hit number one in 13 other countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Zimbabwe. Debuting at number 87 on 28 August 1993, the song reached number 11 on the Hot 100 in the United States. The song also peaked at number 12 in Australia. By March 1994, worldwide sales of \"What Is Love\" had already reached 2.6 million. When asked about the meaning of \"What Is Love\" in a 2015 interview, Haddaway said: \"Billboard\" wrote about the song: \"Glorious pop/house ditty recently topped","title":"What Is Love"},{"psg_id":"15809745","text":"intervening on a wider scale back in 2009. George Soros expressed concern saying \"I share the growing concern about the misalignment of currencies. Brazil’s finance minister speaks of a latent currency war, and he is not far off the mark. It is in the currency markets where different economic policies and different economic and political systems interact and clash.\" Considerable attention had been focused on China. For much of 2009 and 2010, China has been under pressure from the US to allow the yuan to appreciate. Between June and October 2010, China allowed a 2% appreciation of the yuan, but","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"14013687","text":"Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics Germany participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 153 athletes represented Germany, entering all 15 sports. Figure skater Sarah Hecken (aged 16) was the youngest team member, while Curling European Champion Andrea Schöpp was the oldest at 44. Three time Olympic champion André Lange (bobsleigh) was the flagbearer at the opening ceremony on 12 February 2010. German athletes earned €15,000 for a gold medal, €10,000 for a silver, and €7,500 for a bronze. \"Tuesday, 16 February, 9:00 AM\" \"Tuesday, 16 February, 7:00 PM\" \"Wednesday, 17 February, 2:00 PM\" \"Thursday, 18","title":"Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics"},{"psg_id":"10157828","text":"show \"Lily Allen and Friends\" for an interview and performed a live version of \"What What (In the Butt)\" with choreographed dancers. The video was also featured in episode #53 of ADD-TV in Manhattan. \"What What (In the Butt)\" was an official selection at the Milwaukee International Film Festival and the Mix Brasil Film Festival. In June 2010 Samwell appeared on an episode of Comedy Central's \"Tosh.0\", television show about viral videos. The segment told the story of how the \"What What\" video was created, followed by an acoustic duet version of the song by Samwell and Josh Homme, lead","title":"What What (In the Butt)"},{"psg_id":"9406942","text":"writes: \"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees","title":"What Is the What"},{"psg_id":"15509495","text":"the internet on April 20, 2013. According to Jessica Sager of PopCrush, it picks up where the original song left off. Sager wrote that the song \"likely isn't about [Marc] Anthony — but for those new to the song, it's surely easy to interpret it as such. Lopez gets pretty revealing in the new song, addressing a divorce directly and explicitly\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Love?\". (What Is) Love? \"(What Is) Love?\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. Originally entitled \"What Is Love?\", the song appeared on the soundtrack to \"The Back-up Plan\" (2010),","title":"(What Is) Love?"},{"psg_id":"15809743","text":"the phrase \"competitive non-appreciation\". On 27 September 2010, Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega said that the world is \"in the midst of an international currency war.\" Numerous financial journalists agreed with Mantega's view, referring to recent interventions by various countries seeking to devalue their exchange rate including China, Japan, Colombia, Israel and Switzerland. Other analysts asserted that fears of a currency war were exaggerated. In September, senior policy makers such as International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn and US Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner were reported as saying the chances of a genuine currency war breaking out were low;","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"15809759","text":"their high inflation, China was on track for an annual appreciation of 10% since they relaxed their currency peg back in June 2010. However treasury officials also suggested that this rate of appreciation is still insufficient either for the interests of the US, the wider global economy or even China itself. By late February Bloomberg reported that talk of currency war had subsided, with several emerging economies choosing to allow currency appreciation as a way to combat inflation. February saw the US dollar fall to its lowest level since 1973, based on comparison against a weighted basket composed of the","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"5644206","text":"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \"textbook\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants","title":"Currency swap"},{"psg_id":"10132440","text":"Romel Currency Romel Kwesi Currency (born 7 May 1982) is a former West Indian cricketer who played first-class cricket and List A cricket for the Windward Islands. He was born at Mesopotamia on Saint Vincent. Currency made his debut for the Windard Islands in 2000, playing for the side until the 2014/15 season. In total he played in 71 first-class matches in his career, including 26 for Combined Campuses and Colleges (CCC) whilst he was a student. He captained the CCC side in the Caribbean T20 tournament between 2010/11 and 2011/12. As of August 2018 Currency and Devon Smith held","title":"Romel Currency"},{"psg_id":"17763929","text":"Tumin (currency) Túmin is an alternative currency used in the municipality of Espinal, Veracruz, Mexico. Its name means \"money\" in the Totonac language. (Note that this word in Totonac is borrowed from the old Spanish coin the \"tomín\" [www.rae.es]). Espinal is a municipality of some 2600 inhabitants, 19% of whom are indigenous Totonac people. Used as a complementary currency, the Tumin was first put in circulation in 2010 as a student project at the Intercultural University of Veracruz, where students were trying to find ways of strengthening the local economy. In Espinal the access to cash is scarce as most","title":"Tumin (currency)"},{"psg_id":"15809739","text":"Currency War of 2009–11 The Currency War of 2009–2011 was an episode of competitive devaluation which became prominent in the financial press in September 2010. Competitive devaluation involves states competing with each other to achieve a relatively low valuation for their own currency, so as to assist their domestic industry. With the financial crises of 2008 the export sectors of many emerging economies have experienced declining orders, and from 2009 several states began or increased their levels of intervention to push down their currencies. Both private sector analysts and politicians including Tim Geithner have suggested the phrase \"currency war\" overstates","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"10159600","text":"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the","title":"Currency-counting machine"},{"psg_id":"18948031","text":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,","title":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy"},{"psg_id":"14082987","text":"If... \" was screened at the Christian Writer's Guild conference in Denver, Colorado. The audience, which included Jerry B. Jenkins and his wife, gave the film a standing ovation. Kevin Sorbo won the Grace Award for Movies for his work in What If... at the 2011 Movieguide Awards. http://goodnewsfl.org/dallas_jenkins_to_release_film_what_if/ What If... (2010 film) What If... is a 2010 drama film directed by Dallas Jenkins. It stars Kevin Sorbo, John Ratzenberger, Kristy Swanson and Debby Ryan. The film was released in theaters on August 20, 2010. It is the first film in a two-movie partnership between Jenkins Entertainment and Pure Flix","title":"What If... (2010 film)"},{"psg_id":"17763934","text":"improvement of the community's economy, but that it has been successful in promoting mutuality and solidarity within the community. Tumin (currency) Túmin is an alternative currency used in the municipality of Espinal, Veracruz, Mexico. Its name means \"money\" in the Totonac language. (Note that this word in Totonac is borrowed from the old Spanish coin the \"tomín\" [www.rae.es]). Espinal is a municipality of some 2600 inhabitants, 19% of whom are indigenous Totonac people. Used as a complementary currency, the Tumin was first put in circulation in 2010 as a student project at the Intercultural University of Veracruz, where students were","title":"Tumin (currency)"},{"psg_id":"18948032","text":"commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,","title":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy"},{"psg_id":"69222","text":"a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store. Trade could only reach as far as the credibility of that military. By the late Bronze Age, however, a series of treaties had established safe passage for merchants around the Eastern Mediterranean, spreading from Minoan Crete and Mycenae in the northwest to Elam and Bahrain in the southeast. It is not known what was used as a currency for these exchanges, but it is thought that ox-hide shaped ingots of copper, produced in Cyprus, may have functioned as a currency. It is thought that the","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"4183547","text":"addition, over 90 central banks are engaged in DLT discussions, including implications of a central bank issued digital currency. In March 2018, the Marshall Islands became the first country to issue their own cryptocurrency and certify it as legal tender; the currency is called the \"sovereign\". Canada The Bank of Canada have explored the possibility of creating a version of its currency on the blockchain. The Bank of Canada teamed up with the nation’s five largest banks — and the blockchain consulting firm R3 — for what was known as Project Jasper. In a simulation run in 2016, the central","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"10157829","text":"singer for Queens Of The Stone Age and guitar player for Kyuss. In 2009, the creators of the video, and Samwell himself, claimed that a feature film called \"What What (In the Butt): The Movie\" was in the works. On November 12, 2010, Brownmark Films filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against MTV Networks, South Park Studios, and Viacom for their use of \"What What in the Butt\" in a 2008 \"South Park\" episode. In July 2011, a federal judge decided that South Park's use of the video fell under the fair use exception to copyright law, and thus the defendants","title":"What What (In the Butt)"},{"psg_id":"2105074","text":"more stable, making it a harder currency than the ruble. A tourist could get 200 rubles per US dollar in June 1992, and 500 rubles per USD in November 1992. In some economies, which may be either planned economies or market economies using a soft currency, there are special stores that accept only hard currency. Examples have included Tuzex stores in the former Czechoslovakia, Intershops in East Germany or Friendship stores in China in the early 1990s. These stores offer a wider variety of goods many of which are scarce or imported than standard stores. Because hard currencies may be","title":"Hard currency"},{"psg_id":"11769270","text":"would not be met on time due to the financial crisis and a lack of sufficient cooperation between the GCC member states. In 2010, it was believed that a GCC common currency between the four states of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar could proceed for a number of reasons, including: However, as of 2018, no significant developments had been announced. Khaleeji (currency) The Khaleeji ( ) was a proposed name for the common currency of the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council for the Arab States (GCC). The term 'Khaleeji' is Arabic for \"of the Gulf\", and is","title":"Khaleeji (currency)"},{"psg_id":"4183550","text":"do not have checking or savings accounts and credit cards alone. The electronic currency will be backed by the assets of the Central Bank of Ecuador\", the National Assembly said in a statement. In December 2015, Sistema de Dinero Electrónico (\"electronic money system\") was launched, making Ecuador the first country with a state-run electronic payment system. Germany The German central bank is testing a functional prototype for the blockchain technology-based settlement of securities and transfer of centrally-issued digital coins. Netherlands The Dutch central bank is experimenting with a bitcoin-based virtual currency called “DNBCoin”. India Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is an","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"18844394","text":"or statute. Virtual currency law in the United States United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has regulated and may continue to regulate virtual currencies as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission also requires registration of any virtual currency traded in the U.S. if it is classified as a \"security\" and of any trading platform that meets its definition of an exchange. The regulatory structure also includes tax regulations and FINCEN transparency regulations between financial exchanges and the individuals and corporations with whom they","title":"Virtual currency law in the United States"},{"psg_id":"18844358","text":"Virtual currency law in the United States United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has regulated and may continue to regulate virtual currencies as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission also requires registration of any virtual currency traded in the U.S. if it is classified as a \"security\" and of any trading platform that meets its definition of an exchange. The regulatory structure also includes tax regulations and FINCEN transparency regulations between financial exchanges and the individuals and corporations with whom they conduct business.","title":"Virtual currency law in the United States"},{"psg_id":"6795169","text":"Cruz was indicted by a Federal grand jury in Florida on one count of conspiracy to defraud the United States under and and six counts of bank fraud under and in connection with his dealings with Bank of America, while attempting to get United Cities bank drafts cashed. As of late October 2010, Cruz was still a fugitive, though an associate was convicted on related charges and sentenced to prison for eight years. Private currency A private currency is a currency issued by a private entity, be it an individual, a commercial business, a nonprofit or decentralized common enterprise. It","title":"Private currency"},{"psg_id":"10032715","text":"The film also shows what are alleged to be \"objects of art, made from human skin.\" The film finishes with a list of different things that are being done to prevent Germany from starting another World War, chief among them the total conquest and control of the German state. Several specific examples include the destruction of Nazi art and literature, the creation of new textbooks to be taught to youth in Germany, the a strong Allied military presence in Germany, the destruction of most of German war industry and the remaining industry controlled by the allies, and the removal of","title":"Here Is Germany"},{"psg_id":"6881682","text":"East African Currency Board The East African Currency Board (EACB) supplied and oversaw the currency of British colonies in British East Africa from 1919 to 1966. It was established after Britain took control of mainland Tanzania from Germany at the end of World War I, and originally oversaw the territories of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (excluding Zanzibar). Zanzibar joined the currency area in 1936. For most of its existence, the EACB's main function was to maintain the local shilling at par with the shilling in the United Kingdom. This was done by ensuring that the local currency was adequately backed","title":"East African Currency Board"},{"psg_id":"14957808","text":"second round of quantitative easing though to a lesser extent than the United States; Britain and the Eurozone did not launch an additional QE in 2010. For a widespread currency war to occur a large proportion of significant economies must wish to devalue their currencies at once. This has so far only happened during a global economic downturn. An individual currency devaluation has to involve a corresponding rise in value for at least one other currency. The corresponding rise will generally be spread across all other currencies and so unless the devaluing country has a huge economy and is substantially","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"69220","text":"relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. Other definitions of the term \"currency\" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain political jurisdictions. Others are simply traded for their economic","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"14082985","text":"What If... (2010 film) What If... is a 2010 drama film directed by Dallas Jenkins. It stars Kevin Sorbo, John Ratzenberger, Kristy Swanson and Debby Ryan. The film was released in theaters on August 20, 2010. It is the first film in a two-movie partnership between Jenkins Entertainment and Pure Flix Entertainment. When Ben Walker (Kevin Sorbo) was young, he left his girlfriend Wendy (Kristy Swanson) and his hometown calling for a business opportunity. 15 years later, with a high-paying career and a trophy fiancé, he is visited by Mike (John Ratzenberger), an angel, who gives him a glimpse into","title":"What If... (2010 film)"},{"psg_id":"14957839","text":"however claimed that rhetoric about currency war was once again misguided. In August 2015, China devalued the yuan by just under 3%, partially due to a weakening export figures of −8.3% in the previous month. The drop in export is caused by the loss of competitiveness against other major export countries including Japan and Germany, where the currency had been drastically devalued during the previous quantitative easing operations. It sparked a new round of devaluation among Asian currencies, including the Vietnam dong and the Kazakhstan tenge. Both the 1930s episode and the outbreak of competitive devaluation that began in 2009","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"14880817","text":"Michelisz had been running seventh and eighth but were being caught by Huff, Tarquini and Gené. Huff tapped Michelisz wide at turn one and the Zengő driver dropped to eleventh and out of the points behind the advancing trio. Huff went on to catch Menu at the end of the race as the BMW Team RBM pair finished 1–2 on home turf with Muller the final podium finished and Poulsen repeated his Independents' Trophy victory from race one. 2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany The 2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany was the eighth round of the 2010 World Touring","title":"2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany"},{"psg_id":"14957795","text":"had been a currency war in 2010 generally concluded that it had fizzled out by mid-2011. States engaging in possible competitive devaluation since 2010 have used a mix of policy tools, including direct government intervention, the imposition of capital controls, and, indirectly, quantitative easing. While many countries experienced undesirable upward pressure on their exchange rates and took part in the ongoing arguments, the most notable dimension of the 2010–11 episode was the rhetorical conflict between the United States and China over the valuation of the yuan. In January 2013, measures announced by Japan which were expected to devalue its currency","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"15809784","text":"needed to try to reduce volatility in the currency but \"a country like ours can[not] forcibly change the fundamental direction of our currency.\" Over the first nine months of 2010 the baht had risen in value by 11 percent, the second largest appreciation of Asia's 11 most heavily traded currencies. There were also concerns that exports may slow: sales to foreigners make up almost two-thirds of Thai's economic activity. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva also said Thailand may step up efforts to prevent currency appreciation from hurting its exporters. Africa was hit harder by the global financial crises than other emerging","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"14537550","text":"player to make his debut in this campaign. The final table: \"The two games against the New Zealand Ambassadors XV are not official international tests, no caps were awarded and matches were not counted in statistics\" The following players are part of the German team during its 2010-12 campaign: The following players have been selected for Germany from 2010 to 2012 in the country's European Nation Cup campaign and in friendlies: \"Matches against the New Zealand Ambassadors XV not included\" Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup saw a return of the German","title":"Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup"},{"psg_id":"14734059","text":"started his career in Pézenas. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a \"scrip\" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Occitan (local currency) Occitan is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is named after the Occitan language. The Occitan program is intended to promote local commerce. The Occitan operates with a fixed exchange rate: = There is a fixed commission of 4% for members (shops) and 6% for individuals.","title":"Occitan (local currency)"},{"psg_id":"14734045","text":"reverse. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a \"scrip\" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Abeille (local currency) Abeille is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. It is named after the French word for bee. The Abeille program is intended to promote local commerce. The Abeille operates with a fixed exchange rate: = An initiative of a local NGO, \"Agir pour le vivant\" (Act for the living), the Abeille is","title":"Abeille (local currency)"},{"psg_id":"14537537","text":"Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup saw a return of the German national rugby union team to the ENC Second Division, having been relegated without a win from the First Division in 2008–10. The renaming of division within the ENC however meant, that the former Second Division is now named First Division B. The team struggled in the first half of the competition, only winning one of their five games but improved in the second half, when it won three games, to finish fourth overall and well clear of relegation. Germany faced","title":"Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup"},{"psg_id":"15809757","text":"other countries not directly involved such as Australia; if the \"currency war\" continues they may be exposed to harmful upwards pressure on their exchange rates. By December 2010, currency war was less of a hot topic and wasn't even on the agenda for the bilateral trade talks held between China and the US, but the issues still remain unresolved, with many emerging economies considering increased use of capital controls to cope with potentially de-stabilising capital inflows. January 2011 saw new interventions to prevent currency appreciation and volatility from Brazil, South Korea and even from Chile – a country with a","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"4464530","text":"\"All Our Kings Are Dead\" (2010), A Day to Remember's \"What Separates Me from You\" (2010), D.R.U.G.S.'s \"D.R.U.G.S.\" (2011), and The Amity Affliction's \"Chasing Ghosts\" (2012). All songs written by Finch. Personnel per booklet. Finch Additional musicians Production Citations Sources What It Is to Burn What It Is to Burn is the debut album by American post-hardcore band Finch. Finch originally formed under the name Numb with Nate Barcalow on vocals, Alex Linares on guitar, Derek Doherty on bass and Alex Pappas on drums. Guitarist Randy Strohmeyer was invited to join Finch after they witnessed him play with his band","title":"What It Is to Burn"},{"psg_id":"12715771","text":"The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book \"A Bend in the River\". \"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.\" French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage","title":"The World Is What It Is"},{"psg_id":"15809740","text":"the extent of hostility, but the term has been widely used by the media since Brazil's finance ministers Guido Mantega September 2010 announcement that a \"currency war\" had broken out. Other commentators including world statesmen such as Manmohan Singh and Guido Mantega suggested a \"currency war\" was indeed underway and that the leading participants are China and the US, though since 2009 many other states have been taking measures to either devalue or at least check the appreciation of their currencies. The US does not acknowledge that it is practicing competitive devaluation and its official policy is to let the","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"6881683","text":"by sterling securities. It operated out of premises at 4 Millbank, London SW1, one time the offices of The Crown Agents. The Board was replaced by the independent central banks of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania in 1966. East African Currency Board The East African Currency Board (EACB) supplied and oversaw the currency of British colonies in British East Africa from 1919 to 1966. It was established after Britain took control of mainland Tanzania from Germany at the end of World War I, and originally oversaw the territories of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (excluding Zanzibar). Zanzibar joined the currency area in","title":"East African Currency Board"},{"psg_id":"18844364","text":"38.1% in 2013. This Internet growth is characterized by a consumer demand for a decentralized Internet experience that is not limited or dependent on traditional institutions and governments. This movement aims to create an Internet based on the idea of Virtual, Distributed Parallel (VDP) States, \"acting as a kind of organizational counterpoint to that State's governing bodies\". Crypto-currency and other virtual currencies are the VDP movements' currency alternative to traditional currency and traditional financial institutions. The current amount of VC use in the global market is unlikely to significantly affect the Federal Reserve's ability to conduct monetary policy; however, if","title":"Virtual currency law in the United States"},{"psg_id":"3664841","text":"than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but disallowed their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British","title":"Currency Act"},{"psg_id":"15018822","text":"broad consensus exists among western economists who agree that the \"renminbi\" was undervalued before and up to 2010. The 2010 IMF report on China's economic policies also contends that the country's currency remains \"undervalued.\" Prominent economists including World Trade Organization (WTO) Director-General Pascal Lamy, U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman, Director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics Fred Bergsten, and Cornell University Professor Eswar Prasad have repeatedly stated that China's currency is undervalued. According to the IMF, the yuan is undervalued somewhere between five and 27 percent. Peterson Institute of International Economics study says the","title":"Renminbi currency value"},{"psg_id":"165228","text":"and coal and distributed the new currency in West Berlin as well. The city thereby became economically integrated into West Germany. Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967) was the dominant leader in West Germany. He was the first chancellor (top official) of the FRG, 1949–63, and until his death was the founder and leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a coalition of conservatives, ordoliberals, and adherents of Protestant and Catholic social teaching that dominated West Germany politics for most of its history. During his chancellorship, the West Germany economy grew quickly, and West Germany established friendly relations with France, participated in the","title":"History of Germany"},{"psg_id":"15000380","text":"to the House Ways and Means committee and the Senate Finance committee on 28 September 2010. The following day it was passed in the House of Representatives by a vote of 348 in favour, 79 opposed and 6 abstentations. The House bill amended the Tariff Act of 1930 in that this version require the president's administration to: (1) determine, based on certain requirements, if the currency exchange rate of a country that exports goods or services to the US is \"fundamentally and actionably undervalued or overvalued\" against the American dollar for an 18-month period; and (2) should there be deemed","title":"Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010"},{"psg_id":"15809754","text":"win a currency war and is concerned the adverse consequences will fall unequally on other countries, suggesting its far better if a collaborative solution can be agreed on at the November G20. A contrasting view was published on 19 October, with a paper from Chinese economist Yiping Huang arguing that the US did not win the last \"currency war\" with Japan, and has even less of a chance against China; but should focus instead on broader \"structural adjustments\" at the November 2010 G-20 Seoul summit. Also writing for the \"Financial Times\", Alan Beattie was less optimistic than Mr Wolf about","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"14957827","text":"previously suggested by Daniel Gros, Director of the Centre for European Policy Studies. A contrasting view was published on 19 October, with a paper from Chinese economist Yiping Huang arguing that the US did not win the last \"currency war\" with Japan, and has even less of a chance against China; but should focus instead on broader \"structural adjustments\" at the November 2010 G-20 Seoul summit. Discussion over currency war and imbalances dominated the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit, but little progress was made in resolving the issue. In the first half of 2011 analysts and the financial press widely reported","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"6235906","text":"Currency pair A currency pair is the quotation of the relative value of a currency unit against the unit of another currency in the foreign exchange market. The currency that is used as the reference is called the counter currency, quote currency or currency and the currency that is quoted in relation is called the base currency or transaction currency. Currency pairs are generally written by concatenating the ISO currency codes (ISO 4217) of the base currency and the counter currency, and then separating the two codes with a slash. Alternatively the slash may be omitted, or replaced by either","title":"Currency pair"},{"psg_id":"13768714","text":"by the British authorities in 1927, the Palestine pound was introduced, equal in value to the Pound sterling. The Palestine pound was also declared a legal tender in the Transjordan Emirate, which was technically a part of the British Mandate, though having an autonomous local administration. The body which governed the issue of the currency was the Palestine Currency Board, which was subject to the British Colonial Office. The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948, as the British Mandate ended. The area in which the Palestine pound circulated was divided into several political entities: the State of Israel, the","title":"British currency in the Middle East"},{"psg_id":"13768695","text":"until after the Indian mutiny of 1857. Hence the imperial-order-of-council of 1825 did not apply to India. As such, the already circulating silver rupee continued to be the currency of India for the entire duration of the British Raj, and afterwards into independence. The Indian rupee was not only the currency of India but also the currency of an extended region beyond, which stretched across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa, up through the horn of Africa, through Aden and Muscat in Southern Arabia and Eastern Arabia, and along the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, extending","title":"British currency in the Middle East"},{"psg_id":"713210","text":"in travel by West Germans to and through the GDR. Additional problems growing out of the expanding relationship with West Germany included conflict between Bonn and East Berlin on the rights and privileges of West German news correspondents in East Germany; the social unrest generated by the \"two-currency\" system, in which East German citizens who possessed West German D-marks were given the privilege of purchasing scarce luxury goods at special currency stores (Intershops); and the ongoing arguments over the issue of separate citizenship for the two German states, which the SED proclaimed but which the West German government refused to","title":"Socialist Unity Party of Germany"},{"psg_id":"4108599","text":"activity, contract termination ability, clear risk management roles, documenting and reporting, and independent reviews. Banks often engage tens-of-thousands of third parties and are unable to effectively manage the associated risk of all their relationships through traditional means. As a result, many banks have adopted external IT solutions to assist their needs. This has rapidly expanded the market for third-party management software solutions. In July 2007, the OCC launched HelpWithMyBank.gov to assist customers of national banks and provide answers to national banking questions. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an","title":"Office of the Comptroller of the Currency"},{"psg_id":"1701670","text":"currency substitution by adopting the US dollar as legal tender in 1904. This type of currency substitution is also known as de jure currency substitution. Currency substitution can be used semiofficially (or officially bimonetary systems), where the foreign currency is legal tender alongside the domestic currency. In literature, there is a set of related definitions of currency substitution such as external liability currency substitution, domestic liability currency substitution, banking sector's liability currency substitution or deposit currency substitution, and credit dollarlization. External liability currency substitution measures total external debt (private and public) denominated in foreign currencies of the economy. Deposit currency","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"14827003","text":"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 Germany hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf and selected their song through a national final, organised by German broadcaster NDR which is part of ARD. In June 2010, ARD announced that Lena Meyer-Landrut would represent Germany at the contest again. At the winner's press conference of Eurovision 2010, Stefan Raab announced that Lena Meyer-Landrut would represent Germany in 2011 to defend her title. ARD didn't, however, confirm the news until 30 June. In December 2010, ARD's head of entertainment Thomas Schreiber said in an interview that the song would be selected","title":"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011"},{"psg_id":"18969981","text":"and events for the public and experts. Head of the department is Bernhard Schnittger. The department for communication informs the citizens about what is happening and why on the European level. For that it cooperates closely with partners from the civil society, federal and regional government. Head of the department is Helene Banner since November 2014. The press department informs the journalists in Germany about the policies of the Commission, answers questions and issues statements. Tools are a daily Email newsletter with important messages for Germany from the Commission, a weekly schedule preview and a two-weekly brochure. The press department","title":"Representation of the European Commission in Germany"},{"psg_id":"12715772","text":"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \"New York Times Book Review\" as one of the \"Times\"' \"10 Best Books of 2008\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in","title":"The World Is What It Is"},{"psg_id":"14957802","text":"(common in 2009 and 2010), tends to lead to a fall in the value of the currency even if the central bank does not directly buy any foreign assets. A third method is for authorities simply to talk down the value of their currency by hinting at future action to discourage speculators from betting on a future rise, though sometimes this has little discernible effect. Finally, a central bank can effect a devaluation by lowering its base rate of interest; however this sometimes has limited effect, and, since the end of World War II, most central banks have set their","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"14957794","text":"their economies. Since this effectively pushes unemployment overseas, trading partners quickly retaliated with their own devaluations. The period is considered to have been an adverse situation for all concerned, as unpredictable changes in exchange rates reduced overall international trade. According to Guido Mantega, former Brazilian Minister for Finance, a global currency war broke out in 2010. This view was echoed by numerous other government officials and financial journalists from around the world. Other senior policy makers and journalists suggested the phrase \"currency war\" overstated the extent of hostility. With a few exceptions, such as Mantega, even commentators who agreed there","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"9686491","text":"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in \"Folktales of Greece\". It is Aarne-Thompson type 875 and has many Greek and Slavic variants, generally revolving about the exchange of clever answers. This type of tale is the commonest European tale dealing with witty exchanges. In ballad form, the clever answers to the riddles, and the winning of a husband by them, are found in Child ballad 1, \"Riddles Wisely Expounded\". A brother argue over how they should split their land, some","title":"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13603920\",\n \"text\": \"state. As such, Germany hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011. Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 Germany is the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 winner, which was held in May 2010 in Bærum, Norway. The country's entry was selected in a series of competitive heats and a national final – Unser Star für Oslo 2010 – which was organised jointly by the public broadcasters ARD and NDR and the private television channel ProSieben, together with the three-time Eurovision participant for Germany (as singer and/or songwriter) and music producer, Stefan Raab. News on planning for Germany's Eurovision Song Contest 2010 entry\",\n \"title\": \"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3537241\",\n \"text\": \"its new currency symbol, ₹ () on 15 July 2010. It is a blend of the Latin letter 'R' with the Devanagari letter 'र' (ra). When writing currency amounts, the location of the symbol varies by currency. Many currencies in the English-speaking world and Latin America place it before the amount (e.g., R$50,00). The Cape Verdean escudo places its symbol in the decimal separator position (i.e., 20$00). In many European countries such as France, Germany, Greece, Scandinavian countries, the symbol is usually placed after the amount (e.g., 20,50 €). The decimal separator also follows local countries' standards. For instance, the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency symbol\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13603913\",\n \"text\": \"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 Germany is the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 winner, which was held in May 2010 in Bærum, Norway. The country's entry was selected in a series of competitive heats and a national final – Unser Star für Oslo 2010 – which was organised jointly by the public broadcasters ARD and NDR and the private television channel ProSieben, together with the three-time Eurovision participant for Germany (as singer and/or songwriter) and music producer, Stefan Raab. News on planning for Germany's Eurovision Song Contest 2010 entry spread shortly after the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 had ended,\",\n \"title\": \"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809772\",\n \"text\": \"seen substantial appreciation of their currencies in 2010. However both Australia and Canada have strong economies and are rich in natural resources. According to Moody's, negative effects from New Zealand's appreciation is offset by the fact that her currency has depreciated with respect to Australia, her biggest customer. The Eurozone is a special case where some members, principally Germany, enjoy a large current account surplus and so could accept or even benefit from currency appreciation. Other countries though such as Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland have twin deficits and so to a large extent would benefit from a depreciation. While\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15000379\",\n \"text\": \"Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010 The Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010 was a bill by the Congress of the United States that sought punitive trade tariffs on countries that have perceived unfair competitive advantaged by such measures as currency manipulation. The Act followed controversy as to China artificially keeping the yuan lower than its actual value (some say by at least 20%). Further to China there were other countries, most notably Japan, that took measures to weaken their currency. The bill was introduced by Rep. Timothy Ryan [D-OH] on 13 May 2010. It was passed on\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15000381\",\n \"text\": \"a violation, the administration should to take action in the form of a \\\"countervailing duty or antidumping duty\\\" so as to offset such a misalignment. It also said the currency of a non-market economy would be subject to the provisions of the Act. An amendment was offered in the House committee, and was adopted. Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010 The Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010 was a bill by the Congress of the United States that sought punitive trade tariffs on countries that have perceived unfair competitive advantaged by such measures as currency manipulation. The Act\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544677\",\n \"text\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward\",\n \"title\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480285\",\n \"text\": \"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate\",\n \"title\": \"Currency board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5833735\",\n \"text\": \"taken up. Sweden's large army of the time were paid entirely in copper currency, further issued in large numbers by Gustavus II to finance his war against Ferdinand II of Germany. The face value of the copper coins in circulation now greatly exceeded the reserves of the state and production of the national economy, and quickly the value of the currency fell to its commodity value, which in a country where copper was so abundant, was small indeed. The savings of the people of Sweden were wiped out. When Gustavus' daughter and heir Christina reached maturity at 18, after a\",\n \"title\": \"History of copper currency in Sweden\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11769269\",\n \"text\": \"union in 2001 and 2003. The terms of what would be called the \\\"GCC Monetary Agreement\\\" followed shortly after that, with the convergence criteria of the single currency being decided in 2005. Oman became the first state to pull out of the union, in 2006, and the UAE, in 2009, the second and so far last state to withdraw from this tentative agreement to create a single Gulf currency. Originally slated for adoption in 2010, Nasser al-Kaud, deputy assistant general for economic affairs at the GCC, admitted on March 24, 2009, that this deadline for establishment of the monetary union\",\n \"title\": \"Khaleeji (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3679706\",\n \"text\": \"System of America would be fallacious and would not provide a central bank that will accomplish what it must do in Western Germany. European bankers have had several centuries’ experience in running central banks and are thoroughly skilled in the central banking theory on the European pattern. A new currency should be issued with new plates for printing, so that the Russian printed currency cannot flow westward into Germany any more. Before issuing the new bank notes every effort should be made, to stimulate the production of consumer goods, so that the Germans could buy something with the new currency.\",\n \"title\": \"A Report on Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1507212\",\n \"text\": \"as well as official discouragement of reserve status from the potential rivals, Germany and Japan. The top reserve currency is generally selected by the banking community for the strength and stability of the economy in which it is used. Thus, as a currency becomes less stable, or its economy becomes less dominant, bankers may over time abandon it for a currency issued by a larger or more stable economy. This can take a relatively long time, as recognition is important in determining a reserve currency. For example, it took many years after the United States overtook the United Kingdom as\",\n \"title\": \"Reserve currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6038034\",\n \"text\": \"What Is Love \\\"What Is Love\\\" is a song recorded by Trinidadian-German Eurodance artist Haddaway for his debut album, \\\"The Album\\\". The song is recognizable by its refrain \\\"What is love? Baby don't hurt me, don't hurt me... no more.\\\" It was a massive hit in Europe, becoming a number-one hit in at least 13 countries and reaching number two in Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Outside Europe, the song was moderately successful, reaching number 11 in the United States, number 12 in Australia, number 17 in Canada, and number 48 in New Zealand. \\\"What Is Love\\\" was written\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Love\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10032717\",\n \"text\": \"enemy of civilization. Only when he does can he take his place in the society of man. Then, and then only, will the German farmer, the German mailman, the German cop be like the folks back home. Then, and then only, can beautiful Germany, industrious Germany, cultured Germany join the peaceful nations of the world.\\\" Here Is Germany Here Is Germany is a 1945 American propaganda documentary film directed by Frank Capra. Like its companion film, \\\"\\\", the film is a full-length exploration of why one of the two major Axis countries started World War II and what had to\",\n \"title\": \"Here Is Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14373058\",\n \"text\": \"Germany at the 2010 Winter Paralympics Germany sent 20 competitors to compete in four disciplines at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They placed first overall in the medal standings with a total of 13 gold medals. The Alpine Ski Team from Germany won a total of 15 medals. The medalists are: The Biathlon team from Germany won a total of 5 medals at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. The medalists are: The German athletes participating in the Cross-country skiing events won a total of 4 medals. The medalists are: Germany competed in wheelchair curling. They placed last,\",\n \"title\": \"Germany at the 2010 Winter Paralympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957806\",\n \"text\": \"international markets, this can increase the supply of the currency and hence push down its value. By October 2010 expectations in the markets were high that the United States, UK, and Japan would soon embark on a second round of QE, with the prospects for the Eurozone to join them less certain. In early November 2010 the United States launched QE2, the second round of quantitative easing, which had been expected. The Federal Reserve made an additional $600 billion available for the purchase of financial assets. This prompted widespread criticism from China, Germany, and Brazil that the United States was\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15509488\",\n \"text\": \"(What Is) Love? \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. Originally entitled \\\"What Is Love?\\\", the song appeared on the soundtrack to \\\"The Back-up Plan\\\" (2010), a film in which Lopez stars. The song was later included on Lopez's seventh studio album \\\"Love?\\\" (2011), as the album's title track. \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\" is a midtempo electropop song written by Diana \\\"Wynter\\\" Gordon, with the song's producer Emile \\\"D'Mile\\\" Dernst II. The song is about \\\"not knowing what love is,\\\" according to Gordon. A remix of \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\", entitled \\\"What Is Love? Part II\\\", was\",\n \"title\": \"(What Is) Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14373059\",\n \"text\": \"with a score of 3-6, equaling the teams from Great Britain, Switzerland, Norway and Japan. Their results are: Germany at the 2010 Winter Paralympics Germany sent 20 competitors to compete in four disciplines at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They placed first overall in the medal standings with a total of 13 gold medals. The Alpine Ski Team from Germany won a total of 15 medals. The medalists are: The Biathlon team from Germany won a total of 5 medals at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. The medalists are: The German athletes participating in the Cross-country skiing\",\n \"title\": \"Germany at the 2010 Winter Paralympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19648063\",\n \"text\": \"to forecasted cash flows and don’t allow hedging economic risk. Currency analytics allow companies to mitigate cash flow risk by uncovering accounting exposures to match the economic exposures so the company can hedge the accounting exposure as a proxy. Currency analytics enable what/if scenario analysis so companies can model how volatility in particular currencies could impact their revenue and expenses in the future. Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange\",\n \"title\": \"Currency analytics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601890\",\n \"text\": \"action was taken after Visa partially blocked the use of DCC 1 May 2010 to 6 October 2010. The main DCC providers are: Dynamic currency conversion Dynamic currency conversion (DCC) or cardholder preferred currency (CPC) is a process whereby the amount of a Visa or MasterCard transaction is converted by a merchant or ATM to the currency of the payment card's country of issue at the point of sale. DCC allows the merchant, merchant's bank or ATM operator to charge a markup on the exchange rate used, sometimes by as much as 18%. Where the DCC markup is less than\",\n \"title\": \"Dynamic currency conversion\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14013689\",\n \"text\": \"his Olympic debut at the age of 41. Germany played in Group C. Germany earned the maximum quota of ten spots. Robert Becker was also part of the German team but did not participate in any event. Germany earned the maximum quota of six spots. Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics Germany participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 153 athletes represented Germany, entering all 15 sports. Figure skater Sarah Hecken (aged 16) was the youngest team member, while Curling European Champion Andrea Schöpp was the oldest at 44. Three time Olympic champion André Lange (bobsleigh)\",\n \"title\": \"Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14880810\",\n \"text\": \"2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany The 2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany was the eighth round of the 2010 World Touring Car Championship season and the sixth running of the FIA WTCC Race of Germany. It was held at the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben near Oschersleben, Germany on 5 September 2010. Race one was won by Alain Menu of Chevrolet RML and race two was by Andy Priaulx of BMW Team RBM. After the Race of the Czech Republic, Yvan Muller was leading the drivers' championship by a reduced margin of five points of Gabriele Tarquini. Sergio Hernández was leading\",\n \"title\": \"2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10032710\",\n \"text\": \"Here Is Germany Here Is Germany is a 1945 American propaganda documentary film directed by Frank Capra. Like its companion film, \\\"\\\", the film is a full-length exploration of why one of the two major Axis countries started World War II and what had to be done to keep them from \\\"doing it again\\\". The film opens with scenes of everyday life in Germany, described by narrator Walter Huston. It shows people such as housewives, mailmen, farmers and policemen at work, and notes that these people were not so different from Americans, and seem like people Americans can understand. Anthony\",\n \"title\": \"Here Is Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19810108\",\n \"text\": \"standard of living, and this will cause a serious chain effect. What happens in China is affecting the world. The problem is that China is growing too big. Therefore, the problem that bubbles occur is more serious than we think. European strategists pointed out that in the 1970s, Germany experienced a strong growth rate and a higher capital inflow in the 1970s. The only way to prove that it was effective to safely land the economy at the time was a currency value. Other methods did not work. On the basis of this, European bureaucrats argued that curbing inflation is\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is Curved\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4105804\",\n \"text\": \"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,\",\n \"title\": \"Currency union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4108592\",\n \"text\": \"Office of the Comptroller of the Currency The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an independent bureau within the United States Department of the Treasury that was established by the National Currency Act of 1863 and serves to charter, regulate, and supervise all national banks and thrift institutions and the federally licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks in the United States. The Comptroller of the Currency is Joseph Otting. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., it has four district offices located in New York City, Chicago, Dallas and Denver. It has an additional 48 field offices throughout the\",\n \"title\": \"Office of the Comptroller of the Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3664839\",\n \"text\": \"the debt from King William’s War. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, “that unless it is backed by specie it is cost free currency.” The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts were eleven percent. The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Act\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"662361\",\n \"text\": \"in Canada and over 400 in the United Kingdom. Australia, France, New Zealand, and Switzerland have similar systems. Kenya: Senegal: South Africa: Japan: Hong Kong: Indonesia: Malaysia: Bangladesh [Chandpur Chittagonj Dhaka] Australia: Canada: \\\"See List of Canadian community currencies\\\"<br> Mexico: United States: \\\"See List of community currencies in the United States\\\" Argentina: Brazil: Venezuela: Austria: Belgium: Czech Republic: Denmark: France: Germany: Hungary: Greece: Italy: Latvia: Malta: Netherlands: Russia: Slovakia: Spain: Switzerland: Ukraine: United Kingdom: [[Category:Local currencies| ]] [[Category:Freiwirtschaft]] [[Category:Localism (politics)]] [[Category:Monetary reform]] [[Category:Community building]] Local currency In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a\",\n \"title\": \"Local currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"165224\",\n \"text\": \"corporations. The recovery was accelerated by the currency reform of June 1948, U.S. gifts of $1.4 billion as part of the Marshall Plan, the breaking down of old trade barriers and traditional practices, and the opening of the global market. West Germany gained legitimacy and respect, as it shed the horrible reputation Germany had gained under the Nazis. West Germany played a central role in the creation of European cooperation; it joined NATO in 1955 and was a founding member of the European Economic Community in 1958. The most dramatic and successful policy event was the currency reform of 1948.\",\n \"title\": \"History of Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15509492\",\n \"text\": \"she was dissatisfied with the circumstances, but was in \\\"no way dissing Lopez.\\\" A mastered version of \\\"What Is Love?\\\" was included on the soundtrack to \\\"The Back-up Plan\\\" (2010), a film in which Lopez stars. \\\"What Is Love?\\\" was re-titled as \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\" and appeared on \\\"Love?\\\" (2011). \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\" was due to be released as a promotional single from \\\"Love?\\\" on April 26, 2011, but was \\\"unlocked\\\" and released four days earlier, on April 22, 2011 by through a campaign on Lopez's Facebook page. It was released in many European countries on April 25. The song\",\n \"title\": \"(What Is) Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809778\",\n \"text\": \"early October 2010. Economic commentators such as Martin Wolf have speculated that China is wary of complying with pressure to allow a substantial currency appreciation as she considers the long period of stagnation Japan experienced after the \\\"Plaza accord\\\" as in part resulting from Japan allowing a substantial appreciation of her currency against the dollar. Chinese premier Wen Jiabao has stated that reforms to re-balance the Chinese economy away from its current dependency on exports are well underway and that the yuan is being allowed to gradually appreciate. He warned that if China is forced to revalue its currency too\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809792\",\n \"text\": \"expressed skepticism about the risk of a war breaking out, with Marc Chandler, chief currency strategist at Brown Brothers Harriman, advising that: \\\"A real currency war remains a remote possibility.\\\" Currency War of 2009–11 The Currency War of 2009–2011 was an episode of competitive devaluation which became prominent in the financial press in September 2010. Competitive devaluation involves states competing with each other to achieve a relatively low valuation for their own currency, so as to assist their domestic industry. With the financial crises of 2008 the export sectors of many emerging economies have experienced declining orders, and from 2009\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6038036\",\n \"text\": \"at number two in the United Kingdom and Germany and hit number one in 13 other countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Zimbabwe. Debuting at number 87 on 28 August 1993, the song reached number 11 on the Hot 100 in the United States. The song also peaked at number 12 in Australia. By March 1994, worldwide sales of \\\"What Is Love\\\" had already reached 2.6 million. When asked about the meaning of \\\"What Is Love\\\" in a 2015 interview, Haddaway said: \\\"Billboard\\\" wrote about the song: \\\"Glorious pop/house ditty recently topped\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Love\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809745\",\n \"text\": \"intervening on a wider scale back in 2009. George Soros expressed concern saying \\\"I share the growing concern about the misalignment of currencies. Brazil’s finance minister speaks of a latent currency war, and he is not far off the mark. It is in the currency markets where different economic policies and different economic and political systems interact and clash.\\\" Considerable attention had been focused on China. For much of 2009 and 2010, China has been under pressure from the US to allow the yuan to appreciate. Between June and October 2010, China allowed a 2% appreciation of the yuan, but\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14013687\",\n \"text\": \"Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics Germany participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 153 athletes represented Germany, entering all 15 sports. Figure skater Sarah Hecken (aged 16) was the youngest team member, while Curling European Champion Andrea Schöpp was the oldest at 44. Three time Olympic champion André Lange (bobsleigh) was the flagbearer at the opening ceremony on 12 February 2010. German athletes earned €15,000 for a gold medal, €10,000 for a silver, and €7,500 for a bronze. \\\"Tuesday, 16 February, 9:00 AM\\\" \\\"Tuesday, 16 February, 7:00 PM\\\" \\\"Wednesday, 17 February, 2:00 PM\\\" \\\"Thursday, 18\",\n \"title\": \"Germany at the 2010 Winter Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10157828\",\n \"text\": \"show \\\"Lily Allen and Friends\\\" for an interview and performed a live version of \\\"What What (In the Butt)\\\" with choreographed dancers. The video was also featured in episode #53 of ADD-TV in Manhattan. \\\"What What (In the Butt)\\\" was an official selection at the Milwaukee International Film Festival and the Mix Brasil Film Festival. In June 2010 Samwell appeared on an episode of Comedy Central's \\\"Tosh.0\\\", television show about viral videos. The segment told the story of how the \\\"What What\\\" video was created, followed by an acoustic duet version of the song by Samwell and Josh Homme, lead\",\n \"title\": \"What What (In the Butt)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9406942\",\n \"text\": \"writes: \\\"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\\\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15509495\",\n \"text\": \"the internet on April 20, 2013. According to Jessica Sager of PopCrush, it picks up where the original song left off. Sager wrote that the song \\\"likely isn't about [Marc] Anthony — but for those new to the song, it's surely easy to interpret it as such. Lopez gets pretty revealing in the new song, addressing a divorce directly and explicitly\\\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Love?\\\". (What Is) Love? \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. Originally entitled \\\"What Is Love?\\\", the song appeared on the soundtrack to \\\"The Back-up Plan\\\" (2010),\",\n \"title\": \"(What Is) Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809743\",\n \"text\": \"the phrase \\\"competitive non-appreciation\\\". On 27 September 2010, Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega said that the world is \\\"in the midst of an international currency war.\\\" Numerous financial journalists agreed with Mantega's view, referring to recent interventions by various countries seeking to devalue their exchange rate including China, Japan, Colombia, Israel and Switzerland. Other analysts asserted that fears of a currency war were exaggerated. In September, senior policy makers such as International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn and US Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner were reported as saying the chances of a genuine currency war breaking out were low;\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809759\",\n \"text\": \"their high inflation, China was on track for an annual appreciation of 10% since they relaxed their currency peg back in June 2010. However treasury officials also suggested that this rate of appreciation is still insufficient either for the interests of the US, the wider global economy or even China itself. By late February Bloomberg reported that talk of currency war had subsided, with several emerging economies choosing to allow currency appreciation as a way to combat inflation. February saw the US dollar fall to its lowest level since 1973, based on comparison against a weighted basket composed of the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5644206\",\n \"text\": \"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \\\"textbook\\\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants\",\n \"title\": \"Currency swap\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10132440\",\n \"text\": \"Romel Currency Romel Kwesi Currency (born 7 May 1982) is a former West Indian cricketer who played first-class cricket and List A cricket for the Windward Islands. He was born at Mesopotamia on Saint Vincent. Currency made his debut for the Windard Islands in 2000, playing for the side until the 2014/15 season. In total he played in 71 first-class matches in his career, including 26 for Combined Campuses and Colleges (CCC) whilst he was a student. He captained the CCC side in the Caribbean T20 tournament between 2010/11 and 2011/12. As of August 2018 Currency and Devon Smith held\",\n \"title\": \"Romel Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17763929\",\n \"text\": \"Tumin (currency) Túmin is an alternative currency used in the municipality of Espinal, Veracruz, Mexico. Its name means \\\"money\\\" in the Totonac language. (Note that this word in Totonac is borrowed from the old Spanish coin the \\\"tomín\\\" [www.rae.es]). Espinal is a municipality of some 2600 inhabitants, 19% of whom are indigenous Totonac people. Used as a complementary currency, the Tumin was first put in circulation in 2010 as a student project at the Intercultural University of Veracruz, where students were trying to find ways of strengthening the local economy. In Espinal the access to cash is scarce as most\",\n \"title\": \"Tumin (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809739\",\n \"text\": \"Currency War of 2009–11 The Currency War of 2009–2011 was an episode of competitive devaluation which became prominent in the financial press in September 2010. Competitive devaluation involves states competing with each other to achieve a relatively low valuation for their own currency, so as to assist their domestic industry. With the financial crises of 2008 the export sectors of many emerging economies have experienced declining orders, and from 2009 several states began or increased their levels of intervention to push down their currencies. Both private sector analysts and politicians including Tim Geithner have suggested the phrase \\\"currency war\\\" overstates\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10159600\",\n \"text\": \"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency-counting machine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18948031\",\n \"text\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,\",\n \"title\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14082987\",\n \"text\": \"If... \\\" was screened at the Christian Writer's Guild conference in Denver, Colorado. The audience, which included Jerry B. Jenkins and his wife, gave the film a standing ovation. Kevin Sorbo won the Grace Award for Movies for his work in What If... at the 2011 Movieguide Awards. http://goodnewsfl.org/dallas_jenkins_to_release_film_what_if/ What If... (2010 film) What If... is a 2010 drama film directed by Dallas Jenkins. It stars Kevin Sorbo, John Ratzenberger, Kristy Swanson and Debby Ryan. The film was released in theaters on August 20, 2010. It is the first film in a two-movie partnership between Jenkins Entertainment and Pure Flix\",\n \"title\": \"What If... (2010 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17763934\",\n \"text\": \"improvement of the community's economy, but that it has been successful in promoting mutuality and solidarity within the community. Tumin (currency) Túmin is an alternative currency used in the municipality of Espinal, Veracruz, Mexico. Its name means \\\"money\\\" in the Totonac language. (Note that this word in Totonac is borrowed from the old Spanish coin the \\\"tomín\\\" [www.rae.es]). Espinal is a municipality of some 2600 inhabitants, 19% of whom are indigenous Totonac people. Used as a complementary currency, the Tumin was first put in circulation in 2010 as a student project at the Intercultural University of Veracruz, where students were\",\n \"title\": \"Tumin (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18948032\",\n \"text\": \"commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,\",\n \"title\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69222\",\n \"text\": \"a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store. Trade could only reach as far as the credibility of that military. By the late Bronze Age, however, a series of treaties had established safe passage for merchants around the Eastern Mediterranean, spreading from Minoan Crete and Mycenae in the northwest to Elam and Bahrain in the southeast. It is not known what was used as a currency for these exchanges, but it is thought that ox-hide shaped ingots of copper, produced in Cyprus, may have functioned as a currency. It is thought that the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183547\",\n \"text\": \"addition, over 90 central banks are engaged in DLT discussions, including implications of a central bank issued digital currency. In March 2018, the Marshall Islands became the first country to issue their own cryptocurrency and certify it as legal tender; the currency is called the \\\"sovereign\\\". Canada The Bank of Canada have explored the possibility of creating a version of its currency on the blockchain. The Bank of Canada teamed up with the nation’s five largest banks — and the blockchain consulting firm R3 — for what was known as Project Jasper. In a simulation run in 2016, the central\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10157829\",\n \"text\": \"singer for Queens Of The Stone Age and guitar player for Kyuss. In 2009, the creators of the video, and Samwell himself, claimed that a feature film called \\\"What What (In the Butt): The Movie\\\" was in the works. On November 12, 2010, Brownmark Films filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against MTV Networks, South Park Studios, and Viacom for their use of \\\"What What in the Butt\\\" in a 2008 \\\"South Park\\\" episode. In July 2011, a federal judge decided that South Park's use of the video fell under the fair use exception to copyright law, and thus the defendants\",\n \"title\": \"What What (In the Butt)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2105074\",\n \"text\": \"more stable, making it a harder currency than the ruble. A tourist could get 200 rubles per US dollar in June 1992, and 500 rubles per USD in November 1992. In some economies, which may be either planned economies or market economies using a soft currency, there are special stores that accept only hard currency. Examples have included Tuzex stores in the former Czechoslovakia, Intershops in East Germany or Friendship stores in China in the early 1990s. These stores offer a wider variety of goods many of which are scarce or imported than standard stores. Because hard currencies may be\",\n \"title\": \"Hard currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11769270\",\n \"text\": \"would not be met on time due to the financial crisis and a lack of sufficient cooperation between the GCC member states. In 2010, it was believed that a GCC common currency between the four states of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar could proceed for a number of reasons, including: However, as of 2018, no significant developments had been announced. Khaleeji (currency) The Khaleeji ( ) was a proposed name for the common currency of the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council for the Arab States (GCC). The term 'Khaleeji' is Arabic for \\\"of the Gulf\\\", and is\",\n \"title\": \"Khaleeji (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183550\",\n \"text\": \"do not have checking or savings accounts and credit cards alone. The electronic currency will be backed by the assets of the Central Bank of Ecuador\\\", the National Assembly said in a statement. In December 2015, Sistema de Dinero Electrónico (\\\"electronic money system\\\") was launched, making Ecuador the first country with a state-run electronic payment system. Germany The German central bank is testing a functional prototype for the blockchain technology-based settlement of securities and transfer of centrally-issued digital coins. Netherlands The Dutch central bank is experimenting with a bitcoin-based virtual currency called “DNBCoin”. India Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is an\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18844394\",\n \"text\": \"or statute. Virtual currency law in the United States United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has regulated and may continue to regulate virtual currencies as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission also requires registration of any virtual currency traded in the U.S. if it is classified as a \\\"security\\\" and of any trading platform that meets its definition of an exchange. The regulatory structure also includes tax regulations and FINCEN transparency regulations between financial exchanges and the individuals and corporations with whom they\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency law in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18844358\",\n \"text\": \"Virtual currency law in the United States United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has regulated and may continue to regulate virtual currencies as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission also requires registration of any virtual currency traded in the U.S. if it is classified as a \\\"security\\\" and of any trading platform that meets its definition of an exchange. The regulatory structure also includes tax regulations and FINCEN transparency regulations between financial exchanges and the individuals and corporations with whom they conduct business.\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency law in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6795169\",\n \"text\": \"Cruz was indicted by a Federal grand jury in Florida on one count of conspiracy to defraud the United States under and and six counts of bank fraud under and in connection with his dealings with Bank of America, while attempting to get United Cities bank drafts cashed. As of late October 2010, Cruz was still a fugitive, though an associate was convicted on related charges and sentenced to prison for eight years. Private currency A private currency is a currency issued by a private entity, be it an individual, a commercial business, a nonprofit or decentralized common enterprise. It\",\n \"title\": \"Private currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10032715\",\n \"text\": \"The film also shows what are alleged to be \\\"objects of art, made from human skin.\\\" The film finishes with a list of different things that are being done to prevent Germany from starting another World War, chief among them the total conquest and control of the German state. Several specific examples include the destruction of Nazi art and literature, the creation of new textbooks to be taught to youth in Germany, the a strong Allied military presence in Germany, the destruction of most of German war industry and the remaining industry controlled by the allies, and the removal of\",\n \"title\": \"Here Is Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6881682\",\n \"text\": \"East African Currency Board The East African Currency Board (EACB) supplied and oversaw the currency of British colonies in British East Africa from 1919 to 1966. It was established after Britain took control of mainland Tanzania from Germany at the end of World War I, and originally oversaw the territories of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (excluding Zanzibar). Zanzibar joined the currency area in 1936. For most of its existence, the EACB's main function was to maintain the local shilling at par with the shilling in the United Kingdom. This was done by ensuring that the local currency was adequately backed\",\n \"title\": \"East African Currency Board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957808\",\n \"text\": \"second round of quantitative easing though to a lesser extent than the United States; Britain and the Eurozone did not launch an additional QE in 2010. For a widespread currency war to occur a large proportion of significant economies must wish to devalue their currencies at once. This has so far only happened during a global economic downturn. An individual currency devaluation has to involve a corresponding rise in value for at least one other currency. The corresponding rise will generally be spread across all other currencies and so unless the devaluing country has a huge economy and is substantially\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69220\",\n \"text\": \"relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. Other definitions of the term \\\"currency\\\" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain political jurisdictions. Others are simply traded for their economic\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14082985\",\n \"text\": \"What If... (2010 film) What If... is a 2010 drama film directed by Dallas Jenkins. It stars Kevin Sorbo, John Ratzenberger, Kristy Swanson and Debby Ryan. The film was released in theaters on August 20, 2010. It is the first film in a two-movie partnership between Jenkins Entertainment and Pure Flix Entertainment. When Ben Walker (Kevin Sorbo) was young, he left his girlfriend Wendy (Kristy Swanson) and his hometown calling for a business opportunity. 15 years later, with a high-paying career and a trophy fiancé, he is visited by Mike (John Ratzenberger), an angel, who gives him a glimpse into\",\n \"title\": \"What If... (2010 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957839\",\n \"text\": \"however claimed that rhetoric about currency war was once again misguided. In August 2015, China devalued the yuan by just under 3%, partially due to a weakening export figures of −8.3% in the previous month. The drop in export is caused by the loss of competitiveness against other major export countries including Japan and Germany, where the currency had been drastically devalued during the previous quantitative easing operations. It sparked a new round of devaluation among Asian currencies, including the Vietnam dong and the Kazakhstan tenge. Both the 1930s episode and the outbreak of competitive devaluation that began in 2009\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14880817\",\n \"text\": \"Michelisz had been running seventh and eighth but were being caught by Huff, Tarquini and Gené. Huff tapped Michelisz wide at turn one and the Zengő driver dropped to eleventh and out of the points behind the advancing trio. Huff went on to catch Menu at the end of the race as the BMW Team RBM pair finished 1–2 on home turf with Muller the final podium finished and Poulsen repeated his Independents' Trophy victory from race one. 2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany The 2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany was the eighth round of the 2010 World Touring\",\n \"title\": \"2010 FIA WTCC Race of Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957795\",\n \"text\": \"had been a currency war in 2010 generally concluded that it had fizzled out by mid-2011. States engaging in possible competitive devaluation since 2010 have used a mix of policy tools, including direct government intervention, the imposition of capital controls, and, indirectly, quantitative easing. While many countries experienced undesirable upward pressure on their exchange rates and took part in the ongoing arguments, the most notable dimension of the 2010–11 episode was the rhetorical conflict between the United States and China over the valuation of the yuan. In January 2013, measures announced by Japan which were expected to devalue its currency\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809784\",\n \"text\": \"needed to try to reduce volatility in the currency but \\\"a country like ours can[not] forcibly change the fundamental direction of our currency.\\\" Over the first nine months of 2010 the baht had risen in value by 11 percent, the second largest appreciation of Asia's 11 most heavily traded currencies. There were also concerns that exports may slow: sales to foreigners make up almost two-thirds of Thai's economic activity. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva also said Thailand may step up efforts to prevent currency appreciation from hurting its exporters. Africa was hit harder by the global financial crises than other emerging\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14537550\",\n \"text\": \"player to make his debut in this campaign. The final table: \\\"The two games against the New Zealand Ambassadors XV are not official international tests, no caps were awarded and matches were not counted in statistics\\\" The following players are part of the German team during its 2010-12 campaign: The following players have been selected for Germany from 2010 to 2012 in the country's European Nation Cup campaign and in friendlies: \\\"Matches against the New Zealand Ambassadors XV not included\\\" Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup saw a return of the German\",\n \"title\": \"Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14734059\",\n \"text\": \"started his career in Pézenas. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a \\\"scrip\\\" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Occitan (local currency) Occitan is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. It is named after the Occitan language. The Occitan program is intended to promote local commerce. The Occitan operates with a fixed exchange rate: = There is a fixed commission of 4% for members (shops) and 6% for individuals.\",\n \"title\": \"Occitan (local currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14734045\",\n \"text\": \"reverse. To maintain an individual bill's validity, a \\\"scrip\\\" corresponding to 2% of the banknote value must be paid every six months. (This system, called demurrage, is a form of currency circulation tax and was invented by Silvio Gesell.) Abeille (local currency) Abeille is the name of a community currency started in 2010 in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, France. It is named after the French word for bee. The Abeille program is intended to promote local commerce. The Abeille operates with a fixed exchange rate: = An initiative of a local NGO, \\\"Agir pour le vivant\\\" (Act for the living), the Abeille is\",\n \"title\": \"Abeille (local currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14537537\",\n \"text\": \"Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup saw a return of the German national rugby union team to the ENC Second Division, having been relegated without a win from the First Division in 2008–10. The renaming of division within the ENC however meant, that the former Second Division is now named First Division B. The team struggled in the first half of the competition, only winning one of their five games but improved in the second half, when it won three games, to finish fourth overall and well clear of relegation. Germany faced\",\n \"title\": \"Germany at the 2010–12 European Nations Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809757\",\n \"text\": \"other countries not directly involved such as Australia; if the \\\"currency war\\\" continues they may be exposed to harmful upwards pressure on their exchange rates. By December 2010, currency war was less of a hot topic and wasn't even on the agenda for the bilateral trade talks held between China and the US, but the issues still remain unresolved, with many emerging economies considering increased use of capital controls to cope with potentially de-stabilising capital inflows. January 2011 saw new interventions to prevent currency appreciation and volatility from Brazil, South Korea and even from Chile – a country with a\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4464530\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"All Our Kings Are Dead\\\" (2010), A Day to Remember's \\\"What Separates Me from You\\\" (2010), D.R.U.G.S.'s \\\"D.R.U.G.S.\\\" (2011), and The Amity Affliction's \\\"Chasing Ghosts\\\" (2012). All songs written by Finch. Personnel per booklet. Finch Additional musicians Production Citations Sources What It Is to Burn What It Is to Burn is the debut album by American post-hardcore band Finch. Finch originally formed under the name Numb with Nate Barcalow on vocals, Alex Linares on guitar, Derek Doherty on bass and Alex Pappas on drums. Guitarist Randy Strohmeyer was invited to join Finch after they witnessed him play with his band\",\n \"title\": \"What It Is to Burn\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12715771\",\n \"text\": \"The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book \\\"A Bend in the River\\\". \\\"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.\\\" French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is What It Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809740\",\n \"text\": \"the extent of hostility, but the term has been widely used by the media since Brazil's finance ministers Guido Mantega September 2010 announcement that a \\\"currency war\\\" had broken out. Other commentators including world statesmen such as Manmohan Singh and Guido Mantega suggested a \\\"currency war\\\" was indeed underway and that the leading participants are China and the US, though since 2009 many other states have been taking measures to either devalue or at least check the appreciation of their currencies. The US does not acknowledge that it is practicing competitive devaluation and its official policy is to let the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6881683\",\n \"text\": \"by sterling securities. It operated out of premises at 4 Millbank, London SW1, one time the offices of The Crown Agents. The Board was replaced by the independent central banks of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania in 1966. East African Currency Board The East African Currency Board (EACB) supplied and oversaw the currency of British colonies in British East Africa from 1919 to 1966. It was established after Britain took control of mainland Tanzania from Germany at the end of World War I, and originally oversaw the territories of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (excluding Zanzibar). Zanzibar joined the currency area in\",\n \"title\": \"East African Currency Board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18844364\",\n \"text\": \"38.1% in 2013. This Internet growth is characterized by a consumer demand for a decentralized Internet experience that is not limited or dependent on traditional institutions and governments. This movement aims to create an Internet based on the idea of Virtual, Distributed Parallel (VDP) States, \\\"acting as a kind of organizational counterpoint to that State's governing bodies\\\". Crypto-currency and other virtual currencies are the VDP movements' currency alternative to traditional currency and traditional financial institutions. The current amount of VC use in the global market is unlikely to significantly affect the Federal Reserve's ability to conduct monetary policy; however, if\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency law in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3664841\",\n \"text\": \"than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but disallowed their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Act\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15018822\",\n \"text\": \"broad consensus exists among western economists who agree that the \\\"renminbi\\\" was undervalued before and up to 2010. The 2010 IMF report on China's economic policies also contends that the country's currency remains \\\"undervalued.\\\" Prominent economists including World Trade Organization (WTO) Director-General Pascal Lamy, U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman, Director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics Fred Bergsten, and Cornell University Professor Eswar Prasad have repeatedly stated that China's currency is undervalued. According to the IMF, the yuan is undervalued somewhere between five and 27 percent. Peterson Institute of International Economics study says the\",\n \"title\": \"Renminbi currency value\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"165228\",\n \"text\": \"and coal and distributed the new currency in West Berlin as well. The city thereby became economically integrated into West Germany. Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967) was the dominant leader in West Germany. He was the first chancellor (top official) of the FRG, 1949–63, and until his death was the founder and leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a coalition of conservatives, ordoliberals, and adherents of Protestant and Catholic social teaching that dominated West Germany politics for most of its history. During his chancellorship, the West Germany economy grew quickly, and West Germany established friendly relations with France, participated in the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15000380\",\n \"text\": \"to the House Ways and Means committee and the Senate Finance committee on 28 September 2010. The following day it was passed in the House of Representatives by a vote of 348 in favour, 79 opposed and 6 abstentations. The House bill amended the Tariff Act of 1930 in that this version require the president's administration to: (1) determine, based on certain requirements, if the currency exchange rate of a country that exports goods or services to the US is \\\"fundamentally and actionably undervalued or overvalued\\\" against the American dollar for an 18-month period; and (2) should there be deemed\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act 2010\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809754\",\n \"text\": \"win a currency war and is concerned the adverse consequences will fall unequally on other countries, suggesting its far better if a collaborative solution can be agreed on at the November G20. A contrasting view was published on 19 October, with a paper from Chinese economist Yiping Huang arguing that the US did not win the last \\\"currency war\\\" with Japan, and has even less of a chance against China; but should focus instead on broader \\\"structural adjustments\\\" at the November 2010 G-20 Seoul summit. Also writing for the \\\"Financial Times\\\", Alan Beattie was less optimistic than Mr Wolf about\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957827\",\n \"text\": \"previously suggested by Daniel Gros, Director of the Centre for European Policy Studies. A contrasting view was published on 19 October, with a paper from Chinese economist Yiping Huang arguing that the US did not win the last \\\"currency war\\\" with Japan, and has even less of a chance against China; but should focus instead on broader \\\"structural adjustments\\\" at the November 2010 G-20 Seoul summit. Discussion over currency war and imbalances dominated the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit, but little progress was made in resolving the issue. In the first half of 2011 analysts and the financial press widely reported\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6235906\",\n \"text\": \"Currency pair A currency pair is the quotation of the relative value of a currency unit against the unit of another currency in the foreign exchange market. The currency that is used as the reference is called the counter currency, quote currency or currency and the currency that is quoted in relation is called the base currency or transaction currency. Currency pairs are generally written by concatenating the ISO currency codes (ISO 4217) of the base currency and the counter currency, and then separating the two codes with a slash. Alternatively the slash may be omitted, or replaced by either\",\n \"title\": \"Currency pair\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13768714\",\n \"text\": \"by the British authorities in 1927, the Palestine pound was introduced, equal in value to the Pound sterling. The Palestine pound was also declared a legal tender in the Transjordan Emirate, which was technically a part of the British Mandate, though having an autonomous local administration. The body which governed the issue of the currency was the Palestine Currency Board, which was subject to the British Colonial Office. The Currency Board was dissolved in May 1948, as the British Mandate ended. The area in which the Palestine pound circulated was divided into several political entities: the State of Israel, the\",\n \"title\": \"British currency in the Middle East\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13768695\",\n \"text\": \"until after the Indian mutiny of 1857. Hence the imperial-order-of-council of 1825 did not apply to India. As such, the already circulating silver rupee continued to be the currency of India for the entire duration of the British Raj, and afterwards into independence. The Indian rupee was not only the currency of India but also the currency of an extended region beyond, which stretched across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa, up through the horn of Africa, through Aden and Muscat in Southern Arabia and Eastern Arabia, and along the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, extending\",\n \"title\": \"British currency in the Middle East\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"713210\",\n \"text\": \"in travel by West Germans to and through the GDR. Additional problems growing out of the expanding relationship with West Germany included conflict between Bonn and East Berlin on the rights and privileges of West German news correspondents in East Germany; the social unrest generated by the \\\"two-currency\\\" system, in which East German citizens who possessed West German D-marks were given the privilege of purchasing scarce luxury goods at special currency stores (Intershops); and the ongoing arguments over the issue of separate citizenship for the two German states, which the SED proclaimed but which the West German government refused to\",\n \"title\": \"Socialist Unity Party of Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4108599\",\n \"text\": \"activity, contract termination ability, clear risk management roles, documenting and reporting, and independent reviews. Banks often engage tens-of-thousands of third parties and are unable to effectively manage the associated risk of all their relationships through traditional means. As a result, many banks have adopted external IT solutions to assist their needs. This has rapidly expanded the market for third-party management software solutions. In July 2007, the OCC launched HelpWithMyBank.gov to assist customers of national banks and provide answers to national banking questions. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an\",\n \"title\": \"Office of the Comptroller of the Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701670\",\n \"text\": \"currency substitution by adopting the US dollar as legal tender in 1904. This type of currency substitution is also known as de jure currency substitution. Currency substitution can be used semiofficially (or officially bimonetary systems), where the foreign currency is legal tender alongside the domestic currency. In literature, there is a set of related definitions of currency substitution such as external liability currency substitution, domestic liability currency substitution, banking sector's liability currency substitution or deposit currency substitution, and credit dollarlization. External liability currency substitution measures total external debt (private and public) denominated in foreign currencies of the economy. Deposit currency\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14827003\",\n \"text\": \"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 Germany hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf and selected their song through a national final, organised by German broadcaster NDR which is part of ARD. In June 2010, ARD announced that Lena Meyer-Landrut would represent Germany at the contest again. At the winner's press conference of Eurovision 2010, Stefan Raab announced that Lena Meyer-Landrut would represent Germany in 2011 to defend her title. ARD didn't, however, confirm the news until 30 June. In December 2010, ARD's head of entertainment Thomas Schreiber said in an interview that the song would be selected\",\n \"title\": \"Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18969981\",\n \"text\": \"and events for the public and experts. Head of the department is Bernhard Schnittger. The department for communication informs the citizens about what is happening and why on the European level. For that it cooperates closely with partners from the civil society, federal and regional government. Head of the department is Helene Banner since November 2014. The press department informs the journalists in Germany about the policies of the Commission, answers questions and issues statements. Tools are a daily Email newsletter with important messages for Germany from the Commission, a weekly schedule preview and a two-weekly brochure. The press department\",\n \"title\": \"Representation of the European Commission in Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12715772\",\n \"text\": \"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \\\"New York Times Book Review\\\" as one of the \\\"Times\\\"' \\\"10 Best Books of 2008\\\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is What It Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957802\",\n \"text\": \"(common in 2009 and 2010), tends to lead to a fall in the value of the currency even if the central bank does not directly buy any foreign assets. A third method is for authorities simply to talk down the value of their currency by hinting at future action to discourage speculators from betting on a future rise, though sometimes this has little discernible effect. Finally, a central bank can effect a devaluation by lowering its base rate of interest; however this sometimes has limited effect, and, since the end of World War II, most central banks have set their\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957794\",\n \"text\": \"their economies. Since this effectively pushes unemployment overseas, trading partners quickly retaliated with their own devaluations. The period is considered to have been an adverse situation for all concerned, as unpredictable changes in exchange rates reduced overall international trade. According to Guido Mantega, former Brazilian Minister for Finance, a global currency war broke out in 2010. This view was echoed by numerous other government officials and financial journalists from around the world. Other senior policy makers and journalists suggested the phrase \\\"currency war\\\" overstated the extent of hostility. With a few exceptions, such as Mantega, even commentators who agreed there\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9686491\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in \\\"Folktales of Greece\\\". It is Aarne-Thompson type 875 and has many Greek and Slavic variants, generally revolving about the exchange of clever answers. This type of tale is the commonest European tale dealing with witty exchanges. In ballad form, the clever answers to the riddles, and the winning of a husband by them, are found in Child ballad 1, \\\"Riddles Wisely Expounded\\\". A brother argue over how they should split their land, some\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["euro"],"string":"[\n \"euro\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2185,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what to do in daytona?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"7367289","text":"the race and by the early 1970s, the Daytona 200 attracted the largest crowds of any AMA race and the event took on international prominence. The race became the centerpiece of what became known as Daytona Beach Bike Week, featuring motorcycle competitions besides road racing such as motocross and dirt track racing. Attending the annual event became known as a rite of spring for thousands of motorcyclists seeking to escape the colder northern climes. At the peak of the event's popularity in the early 1970s, chartered airliners were used to bring race fans from Europe to Daytona Beach. When the","title":"Daytona 200"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7367289\",\n \"text\": \"the race and by the early 1970s, the Daytona 200 attracted the largest crowds of any AMA race and the event took on international prominence. The race became the centerpiece of what became known as Daytona Beach Bike Week, featuring motorcycle competitions besides road racing such as motocross and dirt track racing. Attending the annual event became known as a rite of spring for thousands of motorcyclists seeking to escape the colder northern climes. At the peak of the event's popularity in the early 1970s, chartered airliners were used to bring race fans from Europe to Daytona Beach. When the\",\n \"title\": \"Daytona 200\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"6988633","text":"Amazon.co.uk, \"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \"What Do I Have to Do?\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig).\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"What Do I Have to Do\". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do \"What Do I Have to Do\"","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"7818134","text":"S-Bahn car. Tim then pulls the incriminating film out of his bag, holds a lighter to it, and asks aloud: \"What do you do if there's a fire?\", and the friends answer, \"Let it burn!\" The film contains mild nudity, mild drug use, and mature language. What to Do in Case of Fire? What to Do in Case of Fire? () is a German film directed by Gregor Schnitzler. It premiered in November 2001 at the German film festival Kinofest Lünen and was released to theaters in 2002. Part comedy, part action and part drama, the movie is set in","title":"What to Do in Case of Fire?"},{"psg_id":"6988625","text":"What Do I Have to Do \"What Do I Have to Do\" is a song performed by Australian singer and songwriter Kylie Minogue taken from her third studio album \"Rhythm of Love\" (1990). The song was written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Originally, the song was planned to be released after the single \"Better the Devil You Know\", but instead \"Step Back in Time\" was released and this was released as the third single on 21 January 1991. The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who thought the song was an instant rave classic. The song","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"8388364","text":"What to Do with Daylight What to Do with Daylight is the debut album by New Zealand singer/songwriter, Brooke Fraser released in 2004. \"What to Do with Daylight\" was the top New Zealand album for 2004 (according to RIANZ), and went seven times Platinum. The album title comes from the album's first track \"Arithmetic\", as heard in the line \"Wondering what to do with daylight/Until I can make you mine\". The song was released as the album's fourth single in New Zealand. All five singles from the album reached the top 20 NZ singles chart and achieved No. 1 airplay","title":"What to Do with Daylight"},{"psg_id":"12851558","text":"around\" and go back to his lover, then hold her, and then tell her how sorry he is for what he did. What I Need to Do \"What I Need To Do\" is a song written by Tom Damphier and Bill Luther, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in January 2000 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's 1999 album \"Everywhere We Go\". The song peaked at number 8 in the United States and number 13 in Canada in 2000. The song describes the narrator thinking about \"what [he] need[s] to do\" as","title":"What I Need to Do"},{"psg_id":"20056084","text":"What To Do About Them What to Do About Them is a 1992 EP by Boston indie rock band Swirlies. It was Swirlies' first release for Taang! Records and documents the band's early material recorded in 1991 and 1992. The album is mostly made up of songs selected from the their three previous 7\" records, as well as previously unreleased material. Swirlies recorded the songs on \"What to Do About Them\" in multiple sessions on three different recording formats: Three songs were taken from the group's \"Didn't Understand\" single, recorded on 8-track reel-to-reel in guitarist Damon Tutunjian's Mission Hill apartment","title":"What To Do About Them"},{"psg_id":"8388366","text":"week with sales of over 7,500. Within three weeks the album was certified Platinum with sales of over 15,000. The album had a 66-week run on the New Zealand chart dating from 16 November 2003 – 28 February 2005, and would go on to reach number one a further two times and be certified 7x Platinum. Certifications in weeks: What to Do with Daylight What to Do with Daylight is the debut album by New Zealand singer/songwriter, Brooke Fraser released in 2004. \"What to Do with Daylight\" was the top New Zealand album for 2004 (according to RIANZ), and went","title":"What to Do with Daylight"},{"psg_id":"12851557","text":"What I Need to Do \"What I Need To Do\" is a song written by Tom Damphier and Bill Luther, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in January 2000 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's 1999 album \"Everywhere We Go\". The song peaked at number 8 in the United States and number 13 in Canada in 2000. The song describes the narrator thinking about \"what [he] need[s] to do\" as he is driving away from his old hometown away from his former lover. He also thinks that he should \"turn [his] car","title":"What I Need to Do"},{"psg_id":"13624142","text":"Know What to Do\" was released at the iTunes Store on 16 February 2009, the same day as the single and \"Always Be Here\". Don't Know What to Do \"Don't Know What to Do\" is an electro pop/rock track by New Zealand singer Dane Rumble. It is the second single taken from Rumble's debut solo album, \"The Experiment\". The track was released as a digital single in February 2009. Rumble says the song is about his love/hate relationship with music. \"I've experienced so many ups and downs in this game... and I still can't stop.\" Dane once again worked with","title":"Don't Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"20372442","text":"of humorous episodes were released in 2016 under the title of \"Alisa CLUB\". A film continuation of \"Alisa Knows What to Do!\" produced by Bazelevs, titled \"My Super Dad\", was released on 30 March 2018. Voice cast of the upcoming film includes Darya Melnikova, Timur Rodriguez, Konstantin Khabensky and Vasilisa Savkina. Alisa Knows What to Do! Alisa Knows What to Do! () is a Russian animated series, based on the books of Kir Bulychev about Alisa Selezneva. The premiere took place on 16 November 2013 on STS a day before the official birthday of Alisa, and three months later on","title":"Alisa Knows What to Do!"},{"psg_id":"13624141","text":"radio on 29 November 2010. \"Don't Know What to Do\" debuted on the New Zealand Singles Chart on 27 July 2009 at #36. The song has so far peaked at number 10, becoming Rumble's second consecutive top 20 single as a solo artist and his first top ten hit. \"Don't Know What to Do\" also debuted on the Top 40 the same week Dane's previous single \"Always Be Here\" drops out of the Top 40. On 31 January 2010, \"Don't Know What to Do\" was certified Gold with sales of over 7,500 in New Zealand. The music video for \"Don't","title":"Don't Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"7818125","text":"What to Do in Case of Fire? What to Do in Case of Fire? () is a German film directed by Gregor Schnitzler. It premiered in November 2001 at the German film festival Kinofest Lünen and was released to theaters in 2002. Part comedy, part action and part drama, the movie is set in contemporary Berlin and stars German action star Til Schweiger. The film received mixed reviews, earning 52 percent favorable ratings from critics cited on Rotten Tomatoes. Set in Berlin, the film opens in 1987 to show a group of radicals battling police, but soon moves to the","title":"What to Do in Case of Fire?"},{"psg_id":"17338140","text":"What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"11398933","text":"singing voice had \"power and flair\", but criticized the songwriting of most songs other than \"I Don't Think I Will\" and \"The Devil Goes Fishin'\". What I Live to Do What I Live to Do is the first album by the American country music artist James Bonamy. Released in February 1996, it includes the single \"I Don't Think I Will\", a number 2 hit on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts, and \"She's Got a Mind of Her Own\" and \"All I Do Is Love Her\". The first single, \"Dog on a Toolbox\", was withdrawn by the","title":"What I Live to Do"},{"psg_id":"11398932","text":"What I Live to Do What I Live to Do is the first album by the American country music artist James Bonamy. Released in February 1996, it includes the single \"I Don't Think I Will\", a number 2 hit on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts, and \"She's Got a Mind of Her Own\" and \"All I Do Is Love Her\". The first single, \"Dog on a Toolbox\", was withdrawn by the label and replaced with \"She's Got a Mind of Her Own\". Dan Kuchar of \"Country Standard Time\" gave a mixed review. He thought that Bonamy's","title":"What I Live to Do"},{"psg_id":"16982787","text":"finish in the top ten at the Daytona 500. She blamed inexperience for the late fall, saying \"I didn't know what to do, exactly\" in the final scramble. Johnson, however, said that Patrick looked \"really comfortable\" all race. \"She held a great wheel, was smooth, took advantage of runs when she had them.\" Johnson became the sixth driver to win a race in his 400th Sprint Cup start, following Lee Petty, Richard Petty, David Pearson, Dave Marcis, and Dale Earnhardt. It also marked the first NASCAR win for Schuberth. 2013 Daytona 500 The 2013 Daytona 500, the 55th running of","title":"2013 Daytona 500"},{"psg_id":"6988627","text":"is synth orienated and has multilayered vocals. Much of the synth was omitted and the drums, bass and vocals were toned down for the second album version. The third version, the 7\" Mix, contains a newer drum track, multilayered vocals in the chorus and relies much less on the synthesizers on the album version. This version of the song also contains samples from American comedian Sam Kinison, and was used for the music video. Originally, \"What Do I Have To Do\" was planned to be released as the follow-up single to \"Better the Devil You Know\", but was later released","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"6988628","text":"as the third single off the album instead, and the track was specially remixed for single release. The 1999 biographical book \"Girl Next Door\" identified this track as Kylie's favourite to perform live. The single artwork was photographed by Robert Erdmann. \"What Do I Have To Do?\" received very positive reviews from many music critics. While reviewing the album \"Rhythm of Love\" (1990), Chris True from Allmusic highlighted the song as an album standout. While reviewing \"Ultimate Kylie\", Mark Edwards from Stylus Magazine gave it a positive remark, saying along with \"Shocked\", \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\"; \"were","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"6988629","text":"great songs and suddenly Kylie was a little bit cool.\" Jason Shawahn from About.com said along with \"Better The Devil You Know\" and \"Wouldn't Change a Thing\"; \"are nothing if not pop masterpieces.\" He also labelled the song as a \"pop classic\". NME voted the song as the thirtieth best track of 1991. \"What Do I Have to Do\" debuted at number twenty-seven on the Australian Singles Chart, until rising and peaking at number eleven, staying there for two consecutive weeks. The song then debuted at number ninety-nine on the Dutch Top 40, until peaking at number eighty-one for one","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"14975299","text":"Don't Tell Me What to Do \"for Baby Animals' song of the same name, see \"Don't Tell Me What to Do (Baby Animals song)\" \"Don't Tell Me What to Do\" is a song written by Harlan Howard and Max D. Barnes, and recorded by American country music artist Pam Tillis. It was released in December 1990 as the first single from the album \"Put Yourself in My Place\". The song reached number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart Marty Stuart recorded this song under the title \"I'll Love You Forever (If I Want To)\" in 1988","title":"Don't Tell Me What to Do"},{"psg_id":"14975300","text":"for his \"Let There Be Country\" album, although the album was not released until 1992. Don't Tell Me What to Do \"for Baby Animals' song of the same name, see \"Don't Tell Me What to Do (Baby Animals song)\" \"Don't Tell Me What to Do\" is a song written by Harlan Howard and Max D. Barnes, and recorded by American country music artist Pam Tillis. It was released in December 1990 as the first single from the album \"Put Yourself in My Place\". The song reached number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart Marty Stuart recorded","title":"Don't Tell Me What to Do"},{"psg_id":"13320935","text":"on to say that the production incorporates \"sweet, understated fiddle and piano that interplay nicely with Strait's eloquent vocal performance.\" \"What Do You Say to That\" re-entered the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart at number 67 as an official single for the week of July 31, 1999. What Do You Say to That \"What Do You Say to That\" is a song written by Jim Lauderdale and Melba Montgomery. First recorded by David Ball on his album \"Play\", it was later recorded by George Strait on his album \"Always Never the Same\". Strait's version was released in","title":"What Do You Say to That"},{"psg_id":"14746909","text":"Do You Know What I'm Going to Do Next Saturday? Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday? is a 1963 children's book published by Beginner Books and written by Helen Palmer Geisel, the first wife of Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss). Unlike most of the Beginner Books, \"Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday?\" did not follow the format of text with inline drawings, being illustrated with black-and-white photographs by Lynn Fayman, featuring a boy named Rawli Davis. It is sometimes misattributed to Dr. Seuss himself. The book's cover features a photograph of a","title":"Do You Know What I'm Going to Do Next Saturday?"},{"psg_id":"13624140","text":"Don't Know What to Do \"Don't Know What to Do\" is an electro pop/rock track by New Zealand singer Dane Rumble. It is the second single taken from Rumble's debut solo album, \"The Experiment\". The track was released as a digital single in February 2009. Rumble says the song is about his love/hate relationship with music. \"I've experienced so many ups and downs in this game... and I still can't stop.\" Dane once again worked with Ivan Slavov for the music video, who had already directed the video for \"Always Be Here\". The song was sent to Australian contemporary hit","title":"Don't Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"18019380","text":"third week with sales of 7,326 units. Carey and Wale performed \"You Don't Know What to Do\" on the \"Today\" show on May 16, 2014. The performance also included renditions of Carey's previous singles \"Always Be My Baby\" (1996) and \"Touch My Body\" (2008). Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse\". You Don't Know What to Do \"You Don't Know What to Do\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey included on her fourteenth studio album, \"Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse \" (2014), and features rapper Wale. The","title":"You Don't Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"8388365","text":"status. \"What To Do With Daylight\" was also re-released as a two disc CD+DVD \"Special Edition\" in 2004, following the albums success. The first disc was the album with the second disc being a live DVD of four songs from the album. This set also came with a slipcase cover with a different photo of Fraser. The DVD was filmed and recorded live at The Pumphouse, Takapuna, Auckland on 2 April 2004. Live DVD track list: \"What To Do With Daylight\" debuted at number one on the New Zealand RIANZ Album Chart. It was also certified Gold in the first","title":"What to Do with Daylight"},{"psg_id":"20372441","text":"Alisa Knows What to Do! Alisa Knows What to Do! () is a Russian animated series, based on the books of Kir Bulychev about Alisa Selezneva. The premiere took place on 16 November 2013 on STS a day before the official birthday of Alisa, and three months later on February 3, 2014 on the Carousel TV channel. This is the first screen version of Alisa Selezneva in which many episodes of the series are original stories and not based directly on the books by Bulychev, and the first screen version made using computer animation. Guest talent: Additionally a separate cycle","title":"Alisa Knows What to Do!"},{"psg_id":"17338142","text":"1989–2003\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\" single European/UK 12\" single UK 12\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"6187569","text":"To Get You into My Life\", \"And Your Bird Can Sing\" and \"Mother Nature's Son\". You Know What to Do \"You Know What to Do\" was one of the first songs written and recorded by George Harrison with the Beatles. It was recorded on 3 June 1964 but remained unreleased until its inclusion on the band's 1995 outtakes compilation \"Anthology 1\". During a photographic assignment on the morning of 3 June 1964, Ringo Starr was taken ill with tonsillitis and pharyngitis, 24 hours before the Beatles were due to leave for a six-country tour. The recording session booked for that","title":"You Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"6187565","text":"You Know What to Do \"You Know What to Do\" was one of the first songs written and recorded by George Harrison with the Beatles. It was recorded on 3 June 1964 but remained unreleased until its inclusion on the band's 1995 outtakes compilation \"Anthology 1\". During a photographic assignment on the morning of 3 June 1964, Ringo Starr was taken ill with tonsillitis and pharyngitis, 24 hours before the Beatles were due to leave for a six-country tour. The recording session booked for that day was originally intended to produce a fourteenth song for the band's \"A Hard Day's","title":"You Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"20729048","text":"track is an elocution lesson, his bars enunciated with the almost pedantic menace of a bad cop explaining what he plans to do to you\", describing the lyricism as \"crisply brilliant drug poetry\" and commending the production. Yoh Phillips of \"DJBooth\" wrote that \"Daytona\" \"puts on display a maximized portrait of potent potential realized. After knocking at this door for years, Pusha has finally made an undeniable breakthrough. His words are razor sharp, his lyricism blessed by the kind of beats that allow him a beautiful ring to box in.\" Clayton Purdom of \"The A.V. Club\" expressed that \"Daytona\" is","title":"Daytona (album)"},{"psg_id":"18598192","text":"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song) \"What Do I Have to Do?\" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the band's 1996 album \"Wither Blister Burn & Peel\". The song is considered the group's first hit and breakout single. The song's music video begins with a shot of vocalist Christopher Hall standing in a desert, before falling backwards. The song begins with a woman singing the first verse. When the chorus starts, the video cuts to a shot of the band performing in the desert.","title":"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song)"},{"psg_id":"20056088","text":"record sleeves, T-shirts, and other artwork affiliated with the band. Swirlies began playing a full band version of \"Her Life of Artistic Freedom\" and recorded it as part of a session for the \"John Peel Show\". The song saw release on the band's 2015 single \"Orca vs. Dragon.\" Tracks 2, 4, and 6 previously appeared on Swirlies' \"Didn't Understand\" single on Slumberland Records. All other tracks were previously unreleased. All other recording, mixing and editing done at home by Swirles. What To Do About Them What to Do About Them is a 1992 EP by Boston indie rock band Swirlies.","title":"What To Do About Them"},{"psg_id":"18598193","text":"At the end of the chorus, a car drives off. During the second verse, the video cuts between shots of the band performing and the car driving. At the video's end, the camera pulls around and reveals that Hall and the woman have both died. What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song) \"What Do I Have to Do?\" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the band's 1996 album \"Wither Blister Burn & Peel\". The song is considered the group's first hit and breakout single. The","title":"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song)"},{"psg_id":"14810917","text":"wife, Mama Reed.\" Mama Reed can be heard at the recording session for the song: Of note, nowhere in the song do the lyrics \"baby what you want me to do\" appear, although later cover versions would often wrongly include the phrase in place of the original \"baby why you wanna let go.\" \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" was included on Jimmy Reed's second album \"Found Love\" (1960), the \"Jimmy Reed at Carnegie Hall\" album (1961), as well as numerous compilation albums. \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" reached number 10 in the \"Billboard\" R&B chart and","title":"Baby What You Want Me to Do"},{"psg_id":"17742879","text":"the silly to the satiric may bite, but the anemic pic isn't remotely weird or witty enough for cult immortality.\" \"What We Do in the Shadows\" grossed US $2 million in New Zealand and $3.4 million in the US. \"What We Do in the Shadows\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 26 November 2014 by Weltkino Filmverleih. A sequel to the film, which focused on the werewolves depicted in \"What We Do in the Shadows\", was in development but stopped due to some unresolved production issues. Originally rumoured to be titled \"What We Do in the Moonlight\", the working","title":"What We Do in the Shadows"},{"psg_id":"19334529","text":"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \"New Eyes\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The","title":"What We Do in Secret"},{"psg_id":"19334526","text":"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \"New Eyes\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The","title":"What We Do in Secret"},{"psg_id":"14810915","text":"Baby What You Want Me to Do \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" (sometimes called \"You Got Me Running\" or \"You Got Me Runnin'\") is a blues song that was written and recorded by Jimmy Reed in 1959. It was a record chart hit for Reed and, as with several of his songs, it has appeal across popular music genres, with numerous recordings by a variety of musical artists. \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" is a mid-tempo blues shuffle in the key of E that features \"Reed's unique, lazy loping style of vocals, guitar and harmonica.\" In","title":"Baby What You Want Me to Do"},{"psg_id":"14818424","text":"described his frustration after being black flagged by saying, \"It was tough to swallow. Who knows what would have happened in that next lap? We had a top-five car [Sunday] and we didn't finish in the top five, so that's a bummer. We had a car that could've won the Daytona 500. We were sitting in position and just didn't do it. This thing only comes around once a year, so I'll think about it until we throw the checkered flag on next year's Daytona 500. So it's tough, but there is a bright side – we finished, we got","title":"2011 Daytona 500"},{"psg_id":"4480203","text":"What to Do When You Are Dead What to Do When You Are Dead is the second studio album by American rock band Armor for Sleep. Following the completion of two songs written from the perspective of being dead, vocalist/guitarist Ben Jorgensen created a whole story from this viewpoint. \"What to Do When You Are Dead\" is a concept album, with each song telling the story of the protagonist's suicide as well as his journey through the afterlife. Recording took place between August and October 2004 with producer Machine. A rough mix of \"Car Underwater\" was made available in November,","title":"What to Do When You Are Dead"},{"psg_id":"20450245","text":"the same seat. \"I did what I had to do in the end; I hated for Aric Almirola's team\" said Dillon, after a series of burnouts. This was in reference to contact between the two on the final lap. Stage One \"Laps:\" 60 Stage Two \"Laps:\" 60 \"Laps:\" 80 Since 2001—with the exception of 2002, 2004 and 2006—the Daytona 500 has been carried by Fox in the United States. The booth crew consisted of longtime NASCAR lap-by-lap announcer Mike Joy, three–time Daytona 500 champion Jeff Gordon, and 1989 race winner Darrell Waltrip. Pit road was manned by Jamie Little, Regan","title":"2018 Daytona 500"},{"psg_id":"18019371","text":"revealed to be called \"You Don't Know What to Do\", live during a mini-concert for \"Today\" held by Carey. Following the performance, Carey premiered the studio version on May 19 on \"The Russ Parr Morning Show\" radio show. A solo version which omits Wale's rap verses was later released in June 2014. The song was serviced to urban contemporary radio on June 30, 2014 and rhythmic contemporary radio on July 1, 2014, as the fourth single to be released from the album. When Carey released \"You Don't Know What to Do\" as the fourth single from the album, fans noticed","title":"You Don't Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"17338141","text":"by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \"Affection\" and on \"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\". They were also featured on \"The Collection","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"18019368","text":"that have yet to enter the main Ultratop 50 chart, and number 2 on the South Korea download chart. \"You Don't Know What to Do\" garnered critical acclaim amongst music critics: many complimented the disco revival and throwback style, calling it the best track on the album, and compared it to the works of Jocelyn Brown, Daft Punk, Chic and post-revivalist songs produced Pharrell Williams. Carey and Wale performed the song for the first and only time on the \"Today\" show in the United States. \"You Don't Know What to Do\" was written by Carey, Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox,","title":"You Don't Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"13320934","text":"What Do You Say to That \"What Do You Say to That\" is a song written by Jim Lauderdale and Melba Montgomery. First recorded by David Ball on his album \"Play\", it was later recorded by George Strait on his album \"Always Never the Same\". Strait's version was released in July 1999 as the third and final single from this album. It peaked at number 4 in the United States, and number 2 in Canada. Larry Flick, of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it a \"lovely little tune with a pretty melody and a positive lyric.\" He goes","title":"What Do You Say to That"},{"psg_id":"18019366","text":"You Don't Know What to Do \"You Don't Know What to Do\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey included on her fourteenth studio album, \"Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse \" (2014), and features rapper Wale. The track was released on June 30, 2014, as the fourth single from the album. It was written by Wale, Carey, Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox, with production helmed by the latter three. The song contains an interpolation of \"I'm Caught Up in a One Night Affair\" written by Patrick Adams and Terri Gonzalez, both of whom received songwriting","title":"You Don't Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"1793157","text":"expression has become a snowclone, sometimes for humorous effect. For example, \"What Would Jesus Buy?\", \"What Would Lincoln Do?\", \"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\", \"What Would Mary Marvel Do?\", \"What Would Johnny Cash Do?\", and \"What would Tintin do?\". The term \"What Would Jesus Do?\" or \"WWJD\" is also perceived as a fundamental management and leadership principle given Jesus' methodology of going to the marketplace to preach and lead by example. In modern management principles, more academic and professional references are going to the gemba or Management by Walking Around. What would Jesus do? The phrase \"What would Jesus do?\"","title":"What would Jesus do?"},{"psg_id":"7818131","text":"and entice the police into picking it up. What the other radicals do not know is that Hotte intends to smuggle himself into the evidence room inside the crate along with the bomb, to make sure it's placed correctly. Hotte, without his wheelchair (he uses a dolly), is trapped in the evidence room when the emergency exit door is jammed. Frantically, he uses the phone in the room to call his compatriots, but they are all away from their phones. In desperation he calls Bülent, who at that moment is trying to talk Tim into abandoning their apartment and accepting","title":"What to Do in Case of Fire?"},{"psg_id":"14810918","text":"number 37 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1960. In 2004, Reed's song was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in the \"Classic of Blues Recordings\" category. According to Koda, \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" \"was already a barroom staple of blues, country, and rock & roll bands by the early '60s\" and has spawned versions by a variety of blues, R&B, and rock artists. The song continues to be performed and recorded, making it perhaps the most covered of Reed's songs. Some of these include: Baby What You Want Me to Do \"Baby What You","title":"Baby What You Want Me to Do"},{"psg_id":"4480224","text":"Aberback of NorthJersey.com noted that the album placed the band on the \"indie-rock map and continues to resonate heavily with fans 10 years later\". Jorgensen later called the album a \"diary entry. Without that, I think a lot of people when [their] lives go on they forget what they went through at a certain point in time so for me that’s the biggest markers for me to remember where I was at the point in my life.\" Personnel per booklet. Armor for Sleep Production Citations Sources What to Do When You Are Dead What to Do When You Are Dead","title":"What to Do When You Are Dead"},{"psg_id":"6695713","text":"covered by Reba McEntire for her 1994 album, \"Read My Mind.\" As listed in liner notes. What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\" and \"Down to My Last Teardrop\" both at number two, \"Some Kind of Trouble\" at number three, and \"If","title":"What Do I Do with Me"},{"psg_id":"6695712","text":"What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\" and \"Down to My Last Teardrop\" both at number two, \"Some Kind of Trouble\" at number three, and \"If Your Heart Ain't Busy Tonight\" at number four. The track \"Everything That You Want\" was later","title":"What Do I Do with Me"},{"psg_id":"20334753","text":"success. He has further gone on to call that rather than demonetization as an exercise, better end to end income and asset tracking mechanisms, including the usage of biometric systems such as Aadhaar will be instrumental in battling 'black money'. I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with","title":"I Do What I Do"},{"psg_id":"20334751","text":"I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with his commentary on the economic and political context prevalent at that time. The book was released on September 5, 2017 and quickly made its way to topping the list of best sellers on Amazon India and Flipkart. The book has","title":"I Do What I Do"},{"psg_id":"15814084","text":"& Tracks for the chart week of January 15, 2000. Do What You Gotta Do \"Do What You Gotta Do\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \"Friday Night in America\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \"Sevens\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \"RPM\"","title":"Do What You Gotta Do"},{"psg_id":"15814082","text":"Do What You Gotta Do \"Do What You Gotta Do\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \"Friday Night in America\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \"Sevens\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. The song was issued over two years","title":"Do What You Gotta Do"},{"psg_id":"16563955","text":"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do \"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Van Zant. It was released in September 2005 as the second single from their album \"Get Right with the Man\". The song was written by Tony Mullins, Tim Nichols and Craig Wiseman. In his review of the song, Kevin John Coyne of \"Country Universe\" called the duo \"a great southern rock addition to the genre.\" The music video was directed by Trey Fanjoy and premiered in September 2005. The song debuted at number 59 on the U.S.","title":"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do"},{"psg_id":"16563956","text":"\"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of October 8, 2005. Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do \"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Van Zant. It was released in September 2005 as the second single from their album \"Get Right with the Man\". The song was written by Tony Mullins, Tim Nichols and Craig Wiseman. In his review of the song, Kevin John Coyne of \"Country Universe\" called the duo \"a great southern rock addition to the genre.\" The music video was directed by Trey Fanjoy and premiered","title":"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do"},{"psg_id":"10038255","text":"Ain't What You Do \"Ain't What You Do\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \"Nu-Flow\". \"Ain't What You Do\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \"Ain't What You Do\" is based on Fun Boy Three and Bananarama's collaboration \"It Ain't What You Do (It's the","title":"Ain't What You Do"},{"psg_id":"4480222","text":"surprise but will certainly entertain\". According to \"Now\" writer Jered Stuffco, Equal Vision was \"banking heavily\" on the band to accumulate strong sales, and based on the group's \"poster-boy image, melodramatic harmonies and tight emo riffage,\" he felt they might succeed. \"What to Do When You Are Dead\" peaked at number 101 on the \"Billboard\" 200, as well as charting at number 1 on the Heatseekers Albums chart and number 8 on the Independent Albums chart. By July 2007 the album had sold 200,000 copies. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of \"What to Do When You Are Dead\", the band","title":"What to Do When You Are Dead"},{"psg_id":"9930755","text":"vocalists on \"If Love Was a River\", which they also co-wrote. Adam Wright also wrote the track \"Strong Enough\". Giving the album all four stars, \"People\" magazine said on the album that Jackson \"continues to sound more and more like Merle Haggard, which is tantamount to approaching perfection.\" \"What I Do\" debuted at #1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 selling 139,000 copies, becoming his third #1 album, and #1 on the Top Country Albums, becoming his seventh #1 country album. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA in October 2004. What I Do What I Do is the twelfth","title":"What I Do"},{"psg_id":"11573996","text":"1974 Daytona 500 The 1974 Daytona 500, the 16th running of the event, was won by Richard Petty (for the fifth time) after three hours, eleven minutes, and thirty-eight seconds of racing on February 17, 1974, at Daytona International Raceway in Daytona Beach, Florida, USA. During the start of the 1974 NASCAR season, many races had their distance cut ten percent in response to the energy crisis of the year. As a result, the 1974 Daytona 500, won by Richard Petty (his second straight, making him the first driver ever to do it), was shortened to 180 laps (450 miles),","title":"1974 Daytona 500"},{"psg_id":"12138900","text":"the past: \"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\" Its B-side is \"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \"How Could Something\" and by Chamillionaire for \"Void In My Life\". The music video was an imitation of \"The Godfather\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson","title":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"9930754","text":"What I Do What I Do is the twelfth studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on September 7, 2004, and produced four singles for Jackson on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"Too Much of a Good Thing\" and \"Monday Morning Church\" both reached #5, while \"The Talkin' Song Repair Blues\" and \"USA Today\" both reached #18. \"What I Do\", however, was the first album of his career not to produce any #1 hits. The Wrights, a duo composed of Adam and Shannon Wright (the former of whom is Jackson's nephew) are featured as background","title":"What I Do"},{"psg_id":"10038256","text":"Way That You Do It)\". UK CD 1 UK CD 2 Ain't What You Do \"Ain't What You Do\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \"Nu-Flow\". \"Ain't What You Do\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \"Ain't What You Do\" is based on Fun Boy","title":"Ain't What You Do"},{"psg_id":"20608310","text":"Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the Masters Apprentices, released in November 1988 on Virgin Records. It was the group's first album in 17 years since \"A Toast To Panama Red\". In the early 1980s there was a revival of interest in the Masters Apprentices due partly to rock historian Glenn A. Baker, who featured the band for his \"Rock & Roll Trivia Show\" on Sydney radio's Triple J, which in turn led to the release of a definitive compilation LP, \"Hands of Time\" by Baker's Raven Records in","title":"Do What You Wanna Do (album)"},{"psg_id":"17579986","text":"\"Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Write what you want, say what you want about me/ If you want you know that I'm not sorry\". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, \"Do What U Want\" is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of A major with Gaga's vocals spanning the tonal nodes of E to F. The song follows a basic sequence of D–E–Fm–E–D–E as its chord","title":"Do What U Want"},{"psg_id":"6187567","text":"Paul McCartney did \"It's for You\", a song which was written specifically for Cilla Black to sing. The tape of the session was subsequently misfiled, but was rediscovered in 1993. Harrison's first contribution to the Beatles' output was \"Don't Bother Me\", recorded in September 1963. His next contribution was not until \"I Need You\", recorded in February 1965. Asked about this gap in 1964, and referring obliquely to \"You Know What to Do\", George Martin explained that Harrison \"got discouraged some time ago when none of us liked something that he had written\". The song is in the key of","title":"You Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"17514848","text":"1972 studio album \"See All Her Faces\". Yellowman covered it for \"King Yellowman\" (1984). \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is sampled in \"Upgrade U\" by Beyoncé and Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's album \"B'Day\" (2006) and in \"No Homo Outro\", a track from \"Turtleneck & Chain\" (2011) by The Lonely Island. Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \"My First Time Around\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records.","title":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do"},{"psg_id":"6187566","text":"Night\" album, but this activity was cancelled so that a replacement drummer, Jimmie Nicol, could be brought in and rehearse with the group. After running through six songs in a one-hour rehearsal in EMI's Studio Two, everyone felt satisfied with Nicol's drumming, so he left to pack his suitcase. That evening, in a four-hour session in Studio Two, each of the three present Beatles recorded a demo of a newly written song. Harrison recorded \"You Know What to Do\"; John Lennon did \"No Reply\", which eventually ended up as the opening track of their next album, \"Beatles for Sale\"; and","title":"You Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"17514846","text":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \"My First Time Around\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records. It reached number thirty-three on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number fifteen on the US Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles. It has been covered and sampled by several artists. \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is a song written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid. It was arranged by","title":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do"},{"psg_id":"14746910","text":"young boy sitting at a breakfast table with a huge pile of pancakes. Activities mentioned in the book include bowling, water skiing, marching, boxing, and shooting guns with the United States Marines, and eating more spaghetti \"than anyone else has eaten before. Helen Palmer's photograph-based children's books did not prove to be as popular as the more traditional text-and-illustrations format; however, \"Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday\" received positive reviews and was listed by \"The New York Times\" as one of the best children's books of 1963. The book is now out of print. Do You","title":"Do You Know What I'm Going to Do Next Saturday?"},{"psg_id":"16345967","text":"In the \"What Ya Wanna Do\" music video, all the featured rappers spit verses by turn, recording their posse cut in the studio. The song contains a sample from \"Do You Wanna Go Party\" as written by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and performed by KC and the Sunshine Band on their sixth studio album \"Do You Wanna Go Party\". Adapted from Discogs What Ya Wanna Do \"What Ya Wanna Do?\" is a single by American recording artist Ice-T from his third studio album \"The Iceberg/Freedom of Speech...Just Watch What You Say\". It was released in 1989 via Sire","title":"What Ya Wanna Do"},{"psg_id":"13232615","text":"mundane shooters and RPGs with their played out themes of morality, but it's trying too hard to be clever.\" The game currently holds 69% on Metacritic. There have been two sequels to \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\" released on PSP: \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\" and \"No Heroes Allowed!\". A third sequel, \"No Heroes Allowed!\", was released in 2014 for PlayStation Vita, with a fourth, \"No Heroes Allowed! VR\", released on October 14 2017 for PlayStation VR. What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in","title":"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?"},{"psg_id":"5989790","text":"Myself\". I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself \"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself\" is a song written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. \"I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself\" was first recorded by Tommy Hunt in a session produced by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, with Burt Bacharach arranging and conducting. It was released as single Scepter 1236 (B-side \"And I Never Knew\") in May 1962, but did not chart. The song served as the title track for Hunt's sole album release on Scepter released in April 1963. The success in","title":"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself"},{"psg_id":"5989782","text":"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself \"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself\" is a song written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. \"I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself\" was first recorded by Tommy Hunt in a session produced by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, with Burt Bacharach arranging and conducting. It was released as single Scepter 1236 (B-side \"And I Never Knew\") in May 1962, but did not chart. The song served as the title track for Hunt's sole album release on Scepter released in April 1963. The success in the","title":"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself"},{"psg_id":"13232609","text":"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in North America exclusively as a download game on the PlayStation Store, under the title Holy Invasion of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?. However, on February 9, 2010, NIS America revealed it would be changing the game's name to avoid conflict with the Batman franchise. The game was re-released on April 22, 2010 on the PlayStation Network after it was removed to make the changes, while its sequel, \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\", had been delayed to May","title":"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?"},{"psg_id":"19355998","text":"song was written for both piano and voice. The song is a call to action. It encourages listeners to buy liberty bonds, especially if they are staying home while soldiers fight overseas. The voice states that it doesn't matter one's age, where he is from, or who he is. Uncle Sam expects everyone to help in the war effort. The chorus is as follows: The sheet music can be found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library. What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys? \"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys?\" is a World War","title":"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys?"},{"psg_id":"20056085","text":"with drum parts recorded at M.I.T. by WMBR DJ John McGee. Two more songs were recorded at Fort Apache Studios by sound engineer Tim O'Heir and mixed at Q Division Studios by Rich Costey, with whom the band would continue to work for over a decade. The album's other songs were created on a 4-track cassette recorder by Tutunjian at home. The band sequenced the songs on \"What To Do About Them\" in a way that created an arc in fidelity—from studio to 8-track to 4-track to 8-track to studio, and so on—and linked songs with field recordings and non-sequiturial","title":"What To Do About Them"},{"psg_id":"14121335","text":"and believe that nothing is impossible with God. That's what faith can do. The take-away message is to know that God cares for you personally and that He wants a personal relationship with each and every one of us. For believers, the song is a reminder about making a faithful commitment to live with the kind of faith that God calls each of us to have.\" The music video for the single \"What Faith Can Do\" was released on February 12, 2010. What Faith Can Do \"What Faith Can Do\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from","title":"What Faith Can Do"},{"psg_id":"19355997","text":"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys? \"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys?\" is a World War I era song released in 1918. Gus Kahn wrote the lyrics. Egbert Van Alstyne composed the music. It was published by Jerome H. Remick & Co. of Detroit, Michigan. Artist E.E. Walton designed the sheet music cover. It features Uncle Sam inside a red, white, and blue question mark. He is holding his beard and looking down at liberty bonds. To the left of this image it reads, \"Buy a Liberty Bond!\" on some editions. The","title":"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys?"},{"psg_id":"11151648","text":"at Hinckley, which was started after the original Triumph company went into administration, has made a far better known and more numerous Daytona 600. It is powered by a liquid-cooled four-cylinder in-line engine and was superseded by the Daytona 650 from 2005. Triumph Daytona 600 The Triumph Daytona 600 is a name given to two different motorcycles. The first model was sport bike manufactured in 1983 by Triumph Motorcycles out of their Meriden factory that was claimed to do over 100 miles per hour but fell within a lower insurance price bracket than the preceding 650cc Triumph TR65 Thunderbird in","title":"Triumph Daytona 600"},{"psg_id":"8557191","text":"What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United States President Ronald Reagan as a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians. The phrase derives by analogy from the earlier phrase What would Jesus do? and its related initialism WWJD, coined in the 1890s and repopularized during the 1990s. While the phrase \"What would Reagan do?\" has existed since at least the early 2000s, it","title":"What would Reagan do?"},{"psg_id":"20608312","text":"Radio\" and \"Because I Love You\" (the band's most popular songs). The perennial \"Because I Love You\" also gained new prominence around that time via its use in a series of advertisements for a well-known brand of jeans; the revamped version of \"Because I Love You\" peaked at No. 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Charts. Side B is live recordings taken from the 1988 reunion tour. All songs written by Doug Ford and Jim Keays, except where noted. Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the","title":"Do What You Wanna Do (album)"},{"psg_id":"5140703","text":"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? is a 1970 American hidden-camera style reality film, directed by \"Candid Camera\" creator Allen Funt. In the film, Funt secretly records people's reactions to unexpected encounters with nudity or sexuality in unusual situations. This was the first of two \"Candid Camera\"–style theatrical films to be produced and directed by Funt, the other being \"Money Talks\" (1972). While the film does contain some titillating material and both male and female full frontal nudity, a large amount of the film involves Funt talking to people about","title":"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?"},{"psg_id":"5140705","text":"with a DVD released on December 6, 2011. What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? is a 1970 American hidden-camera style reality film, directed by \"Candid Camera\" creator Allen Funt. In the film, Funt secretly records people's reactions to unexpected encounters with nudity or sexuality in unusual situations. This was the first of two \"Candid Camera\"–style theatrical films to be produced and directed by Funt, the other being \"Money Talks\" (1972). While the film does contain some titillating material and both male and female full frontal nudity, a large amount of","title":"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?"},{"psg_id":"8660215","text":"analog controls in mind and therefore doesn't play as easily on a joypad as the Sega Saturn versions which used a standard d-pad. \"Daytona USA 2001\" retains all the tracks from the original \"Daytona USA\" and \"\", all of them was represented by names given in the \"Championship Circuit Edition\": The game also adds three new and exclusive circuits: The \"Daytona USA 2001\" soundtrack is a mix of remixed and original music: The courses taken from \"Daytona USA: Championship Circuit Edition\" do not have their original themes; instead, new songs are used in place of Funk Fair, The Noisy Roars","title":"Daytona USA 2001"},{"psg_id":"16808520","text":"by the band's guitarist Louis Souyave. Daytona Lights split in late 2013. The band has received air time on BBC Radio 1, XFM, BBC Radio 1Xtra, BBC Radio 6, BalconyTV, and a remix of their 2012 single 'My Place' by Boy George. XFM's John Kennedy has championed the band on his show through various live sessions and airplay. Their debut studio album 'This Modern Landscape' was released 29 December 2011. They are credited with coining the genre description \"Groove-Pop\". In 2009 the band appeared in BlackBerry's 'Love What You Do' commercial and in 2010 the band's single 'Lillian' was used","title":"Daytona Lights"},{"psg_id":"17742876","text":"New York City and Los Angeles, followed by a screening in San Francisco, Irvine, Philadelphia, Boston, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. The film received a regional release in the U.S. in March 2015, by Unison Films, The Orchard, and Paramount Pictures in association with Funny or Die and Paladin Pictures. The film was heavily pirated. After the shutting down of a piracy website based in Mount Wellington, Auckland, the website revealed that, at 277,000 downloads, 'What We Do in the Shadows' was one of its most heavily pirated films. \"What We Do in the Shadows\" received critical acclaim and has an","title":"What We Do in the Shadows"},{"psg_id":"16774477","text":"the 2010 election. A majority of those he spoke with and listened to were Republicans, especially among the 87 new legislators. The title of the book, \"Do Not Ask What Good We Do\", is taken from a sentence in a letter from Fisher Ames to Thomas Dwight, dated May 30, 1796: \"Do not ask what good we do : that is not a fair question, in these days of faction.\" The prologue to the book details how, on the night of Obama's inauguration, a group of around 15 Republican Representatives and Senators met in the Caucus Room, a \"high-end D.C.","title":"Do Not Ask What Good We Do"},{"psg_id":"9854119","text":"What Would Joey Do? What Would Joey Do? is a 2003 novel in a series by Jack Gantos about the character, Joey Pigza. The title is a play on the Christian phrase \"What would Jesus do?\", which Mrs. Lapp, Joey's homeschooling tutor, asks him at her doorstep on every visit. The phrase is also a mirror to Joey's own trouble-filled life, as to which choice would be the best for \"mopping up the messy corners of his life.\" The book deals with Joey as he tries to take charge of correcting his wrongs in his life and the lives of","title":"What Would Joey Do?"},{"psg_id":"16774476","text":"Do Not Ask What Good We Do Do Not Ask What Good We Do: Inside the U.S. House of Representatives is a 2012 book by the author Robert Draper and published by Free Press. It details the activities of Republicans and Democrats in the United States House of Representatives and the Senate during the first term of Barack Obama's presidency. The book was republished under the title When the Tea Party Came to Town. In order to research the activities and politics within the House of Representatives, Draper \"embedded with new and senior House members\" that had been elected in","title":"Do Not Ask What Good We Do"},{"psg_id":"8841668","text":"vinyl UK CD Japan CD Germany CD Tell Me What You Want Me to Do \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" is the title of a number-one R&B single by singer Tevin Campbell. To date, the single is Campbell's biggest hit peaking at number 6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and spending one week at number-one on the US R&B chart. The hit song is also Tevin's one and only Adult Contemporary hit, where it peaked at number 43. The song showcases Campbell's four-octave vocal range from a low note of E2 to a D#6 during the bridge","title":"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do"},{"psg_id":"8841667","text":"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" is the title of a number-one R&B single by singer Tevin Campbell. To date, the single is Campbell's biggest hit peaking at number 6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and spending one week at number-one on the US R&B chart. The hit song is also Tevin's one and only Adult Contemporary hit, where it peaked at number 43. The song showcases Campbell's four-octave vocal range from a low note of E2 to a D#6 during the bridge of the song. US 7\" vinyl 12\"","title":"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do"},{"psg_id":"18937838","text":"\"What do you mean / When you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no? / What do you mean / When you don't want me to move, but you tell me to go?.\" \"USA Today\" Carly Mallenbaum, who heard the song in early August, described it as a \"catchy dance track for the club\". Similarly, a writer for \"The Daily Beast\" said, \"['What Do You Mean?' is] pretty damn catchy; a slow-burner that, like that collab, swells into a Bieber banger\". Gil Kaufman of MTV News also called it a \"banger\", explaining, \"the track is classic JB: seductive,","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"18937858","text":"Do You Mean?\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"14853338","text":"also stated that \"Jon's voice is crisp and clear, up in front in the mix; and Richie Sambora's guitar work is neat, clean, and growing more minimal by the minute\". Describing the composition, Osrin said that song \"continues the band's trend of recording music that tries to be more socially conscious than rollicking\". Songwriting and production Musicians \"What Do You Got?\" was used in a promotional video for \"Grey's Anatomy\" in Canada. What Do You Got? \"What Do You Got?\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \"Greatest","title":"What Do You Got?"},{"psg_id":"19847957","text":"\"incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial\". Prints of \"What Do Men Want?\" are maintained at the Library of Congress and UCLA Film and Television Archive. What Do Men Want? What Do Men Want? is a 1921 American silent drama film written, produced, and directed by Lois Weber and starring her muse Claire Windsor. As described in a film magazine, at the girls school gymnasium in the small town of Oakdale everyone is happily discussing the upcoming ball with the exception of Bertha (Kessler), who is left to herself by the other girls because her father is in an insane asylum and she","title":"What Do Men Want?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988633\",\n \"text\": \"Amazon.co.uk, \\\"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \\\"What Do I Have to Do?\\\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig).\\\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7818134\",\n \"text\": \"S-Bahn car. Tim then pulls the incriminating film out of his bag, holds a lighter to it, and asks aloud: \\\"What do you do if there's a fire?\\\", and the friends answer, \\\"Let it burn!\\\" The film contains mild nudity, mild drug use, and mature language. What to Do in Case of Fire? What to Do in Case of Fire? () is a German film directed by Gregor Schnitzler. It premiered in November 2001 at the German film festival Kinofest Lünen and was released to theaters in 2002. Part comedy, part action and part drama, the movie is set in\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do in Case of Fire?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988625\",\n \"text\": \"What Do I Have to Do \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\" is a song performed by Australian singer and songwriter Kylie Minogue taken from her third studio album \\\"Rhythm of Love\\\" (1990). The song was written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Originally, the song was planned to be released after the single \\\"Better the Devil You Know\\\", but instead \\\"Step Back in Time\\\" was released and this was released as the third single on 21 January 1991. The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who thought the song was an instant rave classic. The song\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8388364\",\n \"text\": \"What to Do with Daylight What to Do with Daylight is the debut album by New Zealand singer/songwriter, Brooke Fraser released in 2004. \\\"What to Do with Daylight\\\" was the top New Zealand album for 2004 (according to RIANZ), and went seven times Platinum. The album title comes from the album's first track \\\"Arithmetic\\\", as heard in the line \\\"Wondering what to do with daylight/Until I can make you mine\\\". The song was released as the album's fourth single in New Zealand. All five singles from the album reached the top 20 NZ singles chart and achieved No. 1 airplay\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do with Daylight\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12851558\",\n \"text\": \"around\\\" and go back to his lover, then hold her, and then tell her how sorry he is for what he did. What I Need to Do \\\"What I Need To Do\\\" is a song written by Tom Damphier and Bill Luther, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in January 2000 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's 1999 album \\\"Everywhere We Go\\\". The song peaked at number 8 in the United States and number 13 in Canada in 2000. The song describes the narrator thinking about \\\"what [he] need[s] to do\\\" as\",\n \"title\": \"What I Need to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20056084\",\n \"text\": \"What To Do About Them What to Do About Them is a 1992 EP by Boston indie rock band Swirlies. It was Swirlies' first release for Taang! Records and documents the band's early material recorded in 1991 and 1992. The album is mostly made up of songs selected from the their three previous 7\\\" records, as well as previously unreleased material. Swirlies recorded the songs on \\\"What to Do About Them\\\" in multiple sessions on three different recording formats: Three songs were taken from the group's \\\"Didn't Understand\\\" single, recorded on 8-track reel-to-reel in guitarist Damon Tutunjian's Mission Hill apartment\",\n \"title\": \"What To Do About Them\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8388366\",\n \"text\": \"week with sales of over 7,500. Within three weeks the album was certified Platinum with sales of over 15,000. The album had a 66-week run on the New Zealand chart dating from 16 November 2003 – 28 February 2005, and would go on to reach number one a further two times and be certified 7x Platinum. Certifications in weeks: What to Do with Daylight What to Do with Daylight is the debut album by New Zealand singer/songwriter, Brooke Fraser released in 2004. \\\"What to Do with Daylight\\\" was the top New Zealand album for 2004 (according to RIANZ), and went\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do with Daylight\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12851557\",\n \"text\": \"What I Need to Do \\\"What I Need To Do\\\" is a song written by Tom Damphier and Bill Luther, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in January 2000 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's 1999 album \\\"Everywhere We Go\\\". The song peaked at number 8 in the United States and number 13 in Canada in 2000. The song describes the narrator thinking about \\\"what [he] need[s] to do\\\" as he is driving away from his old hometown away from his former lover. He also thinks that he should \\\"turn [his] car\",\n \"title\": \"What I Need to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13624142\",\n \"text\": \"Know What to Do\\\" was released at the iTunes Store on 16 February 2009, the same day as the single and \\\"Always Be Here\\\". Don't Know What to Do \\\"Don't Know What to Do\\\" is an electro pop/rock track by New Zealand singer Dane Rumble. It is the second single taken from Rumble's debut solo album, \\\"The Experiment\\\". The track was released as a digital single in February 2009. Rumble says the song is about his love/hate relationship with music. \\\"I've experienced so many ups and downs in this game... and I still can't stop.\\\" Dane once again worked with\",\n \"title\": \"Don't Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20372442\",\n \"text\": \"of humorous episodes were released in 2016 under the title of \\\"Alisa CLUB\\\". A film continuation of \\\"Alisa Knows What to Do!\\\" produced by Bazelevs, titled \\\"My Super Dad\\\", was released on 30 March 2018. Voice cast of the upcoming film includes Darya Melnikova, Timur Rodriguez, Konstantin Khabensky and Vasilisa Savkina. Alisa Knows What to Do! Alisa Knows What to Do! () is a Russian animated series, based on the books of Kir Bulychev about Alisa Selezneva. The premiere took place on 16 November 2013 on STS a day before the official birthday of Alisa, and three months later on\",\n \"title\": \"Alisa Knows What to Do!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13624141\",\n \"text\": \"radio on 29 November 2010. \\\"Don't Know What to Do\\\" debuted on the New Zealand Singles Chart on 27 July 2009 at #36. The song has so far peaked at number 10, becoming Rumble's second consecutive top 20 single as a solo artist and his first top ten hit. \\\"Don't Know What to Do\\\" also debuted on the Top 40 the same week Dane's previous single \\\"Always Be Here\\\" drops out of the Top 40. On 31 January 2010, \\\"Don't Know What to Do\\\" was certified Gold with sales of over 7,500 in New Zealand. The music video for \\\"Don't\",\n \"title\": \"Don't Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7818125\",\n \"text\": \"What to Do in Case of Fire? What to Do in Case of Fire? () is a German film directed by Gregor Schnitzler. It premiered in November 2001 at the German film festival Kinofest Lünen and was released to theaters in 2002. Part comedy, part action and part drama, the movie is set in contemporary Berlin and stars German action star Til Schweiger. The film received mixed reviews, earning 52 percent favorable ratings from critics cited on Rotten Tomatoes. Set in Berlin, the film opens in 1987 to show a group of radicals battling police, but soon moves to the\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do in Case of Fire?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338140\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \\\"My Apple Heart,\\\" \\\"Lay Me Down\\\" and \\\"Something's Happenin'.\\\" \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11398933\",\n \"text\": \"singing voice had \\\"power and flair\\\", but criticized the songwriting of most songs other than \\\"I Don't Think I Will\\\" and \\\"The Devil Goes Fishin'\\\". What I Live to Do What I Live to Do is the first album by the American country music artist James Bonamy. Released in February 1996, it includes the single \\\"I Don't Think I Will\\\", a number 2 hit on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts, and \\\"She's Got a Mind of Her Own\\\" and \\\"All I Do Is Love Her\\\". The first single, \\\"Dog on a Toolbox\\\", was withdrawn by the\",\n \"title\": \"What I Live to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11398932\",\n \"text\": \"What I Live to Do What I Live to Do is the first album by the American country music artist James Bonamy. Released in February 1996, it includes the single \\\"I Don't Think I Will\\\", a number 2 hit on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts, and \\\"She's Got a Mind of Her Own\\\" and \\\"All I Do Is Love Her\\\". The first single, \\\"Dog on a Toolbox\\\", was withdrawn by the label and replaced with \\\"She's Got a Mind of Her Own\\\". Dan Kuchar of \\\"Country Standard Time\\\" gave a mixed review. He thought that Bonamy's\",\n \"title\": \"What I Live to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16982787\",\n \"text\": \"finish in the top ten at the Daytona 500. She blamed inexperience for the late fall, saying \\\"I didn't know what to do, exactly\\\" in the final scramble. Johnson, however, said that Patrick looked \\\"really comfortable\\\" all race. \\\"She held a great wheel, was smooth, took advantage of runs when she had them.\\\" Johnson became the sixth driver to win a race in his 400th Sprint Cup start, following Lee Petty, Richard Petty, David Pearson, Dave Marcis, and Dale Earnhardt. It also marked the first NASCAR win for Schuberth. 2013 Daytona 500 The 2013 Daytona 500, the 55th running of\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Daytona 500\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988627\",\n \"text\": \"is synth orienated and has multilayered vocals. Much of the synth was omitted and the drums, bass and vocals were toned down for the second album version. The third version, the 7\\\" Mix, contains a newer drum track, multilayered vocals in the chorus and relies much less on the synthesizers on the album version. This version of the song also contains samples from American comedian Sam Kinison, and was used for the music video. Originally, \\\"What Do I Have To Do\\\" was planned to be released as the follow-up single to \\\"Better the Devil You Know\\\", but was later released\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988628\",\n \"text\": \"as the third single off the album instead, and the track was specially remixed for single release. The 1999 biographical book \\\"Girl Next Door\\\" identified this track as Kylie's favourite to perform live. The single artwork was photographed by Robert Erdmann. \\\"What Do I Have To Do?\\\" received very positive reviews from many music critics. While reviewing the album \\\"Rhythm of Love\\\" (1990), Chris True from Allmusic highlighted the song as an album standout. While reviewing \\\"Ultimate Kylie\\\", Mark Edwards from Stylus Magazine gave it a positive remark, saying along with \\\"Shocked\\\", \\\"Give Me Just a Little More Time\\\"; \\\"were\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988629\",\n \"text\": \"great songs and suddenly Kylie was a little bit cool.\\\" Jason Shawahn from About.com said along with \\\"Better The Devil You Know\\\" and \\\"Wouldn't Change a Thing\\\"; \\\"are nothing if not pop masterpieces.\\\" He also labelled the song as a \\\"pop classic\\\". NME voted the song as the thirtieth best track of 1991. \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\" debuted at number twenty-seven on the Australian Singles Chart, until rising and peaking at number eleven, staying there for two consecutive weeks. The song then debuted at number ninety-nine on the Dutch Top 40, until peaking at number eighty-one for one\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14975299\",\n \"text\": \"Don't Tell Me What to Do \\\"for Baby Animals' song of the same name, see \\\"Don't Tell Me What to Do (Baby Animals song)\\\" \\\"Don't Tell Me What to Do\\\" is a song written by Harlan Howard and Max D. Barnes, and recorded by American country music artist Pam Tillis. It was released in December 1990 as the first single from the album \\\"Put Yourself in My Place\\\". The song reached number 5 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart Marty Stuart recorded this song under the title \\\"I'll Love You Forever (If I Want To)\\\" in 1988\",\n \"title\": \"Don't Tell Me What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14975300\",\n \"text\": \"for his \\\"Let There Be Country\\\" album, although the album was not released until 1992. Don't Tell Me What to Do \\\"for Baby Animals' song of the same name, see \\\"Don't Tell Me What to Do (Baby Animals song)\\\" \\\"Don't Tell Me What to Do\\\" is a song written by Harlan Howard and Max D. Barnes, and recorded by American country music artist Pam Tillis. It was released in December 1990 as the first single from the album \\\"Put Yourself in My Place\\\". The song reached number 5 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart Marty Stuart recorded\",\n \"title\": \"Don't Tell Me What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13320935\",\n \"text\": \"on to say that the production incorporates \\\"sweet, understated fiddle and piano that interplay nicely with Strait's eloquent vocal performance.\\\" \\\"What Do You Say to That\\\" re-entered the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart at number 67 as an official single for the week of July 31, 1999. What Do You Say to That \\\"What Do You Say to That\\\" is a song written by Jim Lauderdale and Melba Montgomery. First recorded by David Ball on his album \\\"Play\\\", it was later recorded by George Strait on his album \\\"Always Never the Same\\\". Strait's version was released in\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Say to That\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14746909\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Know What I'm Going to Do Next Saturday? Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday? is a 1963 children's book published by Beginner Books and written by Helen Palmer Geisel, the first wife of Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss). Unlike most of the Beginner Books, \\\"Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday?\\\" did not follow the format of text with inline drawings, being illustrated with black-and-white photographs by Lynn Fayman, featuring a boy named Rawli Davis. It is sometimes misattributed to Dr. Seuss himself. The book's cover features a photograph of a\",\n \"title\": \"Do You Know What I'm Going to Do Next Saturday?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13624140\",\n \"text\": \"Don't Know What to Do \\\"Don't Know What to Do\\\" is an electro pop/rock track by New Zealand singer Dane Rumble. It is the second single taken from Rumble's debut solo album, \\\"The Experiment\\\". The track was released as a digital single in February 2009. Rumble says the song is about his love/hate relationship with music. \\\"I've experienced so many ups and downs in this game... and I still can't stop.\\\" Dane once again worked with Ivan Slavov for the music video, who had already directed the video for \\\"Always Be Here\\\". The song was sent to Australian contemporary hit\",\n \"title\": \"Don't Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18019380\",\n \"text\": \"third week with sales of 7,326 units. Carey and Wale performed \\\"You Don't Know What to Do\\\" on the \\\"Today\\\" show on May 16, 2014. The performance also included renditions of Carey's previous singles \\\"Always Be My Baby\\\" (1996) and \\\"Touch My Body\\\" (2008). Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse\\\". You Don't Know What to Do \\\"You Don't Know What to Do\\\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey included on her fourteenth studio album, \\\"Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse \\\" (2014), and features rapper Wale. The\",\n \"title\": \"You Don't Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8388365\",\n \"text\": \"status. \\\"What To Do With Daylight\\\" was also re-released as a two disc CD+DVD \\\"Special Edition\\\" in 2004, following the albums success. The first disc was the album with the second disc being a live DVD of four songs from the album. This set also came with a slipcase cover with a different photo of Fraser. The DVD was filmed and recorded live at The Pumphouse, Takapuna, Auckland on 2 April 2004. Live DVD track list: \\\"What To Do With Daylight\\\" debuted at number one on the New Zealand RIANZ Album Chart. It was also certified Gold in the first\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do with Daylight\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20372441\",\n \"text\": \"Alisa Knows What to Do! Alisa Knows What to Do! () is a Russian animated series, based on the books of Kir Bulychev about Alisa Selezneva. The premiere took place on 16 November 2013 on STS a day before the official birthday of Alisa, and three months later on February 3, 2014 on the Carousel TV channel. This is the first screen version of Alisa Selezneva in which many episodes of the series are original stories and not based directly on the books by Bulychev, and the first screen version made using computer animation. Guest talent: Additionally a separate cycle\",\n \"title\": \"Alisa Knows What to Do!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338142\",\n \"text\": \"1989–2003\\\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\\\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\\\" single European/UK 12\\\" single UK 12\\\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6187569\",\n \"text\": \"To Get You into My Life\\\", \\\"And Your Bird Can Sing\\\" and \\\"Mother Nature's Son\\\". You Know What to Do \\\"You Know What to Do\\\" was one of the first songs written and recorded by George Harrison with the Beatles. It was recorded on 3 June 1964 but remained unreleased until its inclusion on the band's 1995 outtakes compilation \\\"Anthology 1\\\". During a photographic assignment on the morning of 3 June 1964, Ringo Starr was taken ill with tonsillitis and pharyngitis, 24 hours before the Beatles were due to leave for a six-country tour. The recording session booked for that\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6187565\",\n \"text\": \"You Know What to Do \\\"You Know What to Do\\\" was one of the first songs written and recorded by George Harrison with the Beatles. It was recorded on 3 June 1964 but remained unreleased until its inclusion on the band's 1995 outtakes compilation \\\"Anthology 1\\\". During a photographic assignment on the morning of 3 June 1964, Ringo Starr was taken ill with tonsillitis and pharyngitis, 24 hours before the Beatles were due to leave for a six-country tour. The recording session booked for that day was originally intended to produce a fourteenth song for the band's \\\"A Hard Day's\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20729048\",\n \"text\": \"track is an elocution lesson, his bars enunciated with the almost pedantic menace of a bad cop explaining what he plans to do to you\\\", describing the lyricism as \\\"crisply brilliant drug poetry\\\" and commending the production. Yoh Phillips of \\\"DJBooth\\\" wrote that \\\"Daytona\\\" \\\"puts on display a maximized portrait of potent potential realized. After knocking at this door for years, Pusha has finally made an undeniable breakthrough. His words are razor sharp, his lyricism blessed by the kind of beats that allow him a beautiful ring to box in.\\\" Clayton Purdom of \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" expressed that \\\"Daytona\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"Daytona (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18598192\",\n \"text\": \"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song) \\\"What Do I Have to Do?\\\" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the band's 1996 album \\\"Wither Blister Burn & Peel\\\". The song is considered the group's first hit and breakout single. The song's music video begins with a shot of vocalist Christopher Hall standing in a desert, before falling backwards. The song begins with a woman singing the first verse. When the chorus starts, the video cuts to a shot of the band performing in the desert.\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20056088\",\n \"text\": \"record sleeves, T-shirts, and other artwork affiliated with the band. Swirlies began playing a full band version of \\\"Her Life of Artistic Freedom\\\" and recorded it as part of a session for the \\\"John Peel Show\\\". The song saw release on the band's 2015 single \\\"Orca vs. Dragon.\\\" Tracks 2, 4, and 6 previously appeared on Swirlies' \\\"Didn't Understand\\\" single on Slumberland Records. All other tracks were previously unreleased. All other recording, mixing and editing done at home by Swirles. What To Do About Them What to Do About Them is a 1992 EP by Boston indie rock band Swirlies.\",\n \"title\": \"What To Do About Them\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18598193\",\n \"text\": \"At the end of the chorus, a car drives off. During the second verse, the video cuts between shots of the band performing and the car driving. At the video's end, the camera pulls around and reveals that Hall and the woman have both died. What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song) \\\"What Do I Have to Do?\\\" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the band's 1996 album \\\"Wither Blister Burn & Peel\\\". The song is considered the group's first hit and breakout single. The\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14810917\",\n \"text\": \"wife, Mama Reed.\\\" Mama Reed can be heard at the recording session for the song: Of note, nowhere in the song do the lyrics \\\"baby what you want me to do\\\" appear, although later cover versions would often wrongly include the phrase in place of the original \\\"baby why you wanna let go.\\\" \\\"Baby What You Want Me to Do\\\" was included on Jimmy Reed's second album \\\"Found Love\\\" (1960), the \\\"Jimmy Reed at Carnegie Hall\\\" album (1961), as well as numerous compilation albums. \\\"Baby What You Want Me to Do\\\" reached number 10 in the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart and\",\n \"title\": \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17742879\",\n \"text\": \"the silly to the satiric may bite, but the anemic pic isn't remotely weird or witty enough for cult immortality.\\\" \\\"What We Do in the Shadows\\\" grossed US $2 million in New Zealand and $3.4 million in the US. \\\"What We Do in the Shadows\\\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 26 November 2014 by Weltkino Filmverleih. A sequel to the film, which focused on the werewolves depicted in \\\"What We Do in the Shadows\\\", was in development but stopped due to some unresolved production issues. Originally rumoured to be titled \\\"What We Do in the Moonlight\\\", the working\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in the Shadows\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19334529\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \\\"New Eyes\\\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in Secret\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19334526\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \\\"New Eyes\\\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in Secret\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14810915\",\n \"text\": \"Baby What You Want Me to Do \\\"Baby What You Want Me to Do\\\" (sometimes called \\\"You Got Me Running\\\" or \\\"You Got Me Runnin'\\\") is a blues song that was written and recorded by Jimmy Reed in 1959. It was a record chart hit for Reed and, as with several of his songs, it has appeal across popular music genres, with numerous recordings by a variety of musical artists. \\\"Baby What You Want Me to Do\\\" is a mid-tempo blues shuffle in the key of E that features \\\"Reed's unique, lazy loping style of vocals, guitar and harmonica.\\\" In\",\n \"title\": \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14818424\",\n \"text\": \"described his frustration after being black flagged by saying, \\\"It was tough to swallow. Who knows what would have happened in that next lap? We had a top-five car [Sunday] and we didn't finish in the top five, so that's a bummer. We had a car that could've won the Daytona 500. We were sitting in position and just didn't do it. This thing only comes around once a year, so I'll think about it until we throw the checkered flag on next year's Daytona 500. So it's tough, but there is a bright side – we finished, we got\",\n \"title\": \"2011 Daytona 500\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4480203\",\n \"text\": \"What to Do When You Are Dead What to Do When You Are Dead is the second studio album by American rock band Armor for Sleep. Following the completion of two songs written from the perspective of being dead, vocalist/guitarist Ben Jorgensen created a whole story from this viewpoint. \\\"What to Do When You Are Dead\\\" is a concept album, with each song telling the story of the protagonist's suicide as well as his journey through the afterlife. Recording took place between August and October 2004 with producer Machine. A rough mix of \\\"Car Underwater\\\" was made available in November,\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do When You Are Dead\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20450245\",\n \"text\": \"the same seat. \\\"I did what I had to do in the end; I hated for Aric Almirola's team\\\" said Dillon, after a series of burnouts. This was in reference to contact between the two on the final lap. Stage One \\\"Laps:\\\" 60 Stage Two \\\"Laps:\\\" 60 \\\"Laps:\\\" 80 Since 2001—with the exception of 2002, 2004 and 2006—the Daytona 500 has been carried by Fox in the United States. The booth crew consisted of longtime NASCAR lap-by-lap announcer Mike Joy, three–time Daytona 500 champion Jeff Gordon, and 1989 race winner Darrell Waltrip. Pit road was manned by Jamie Little, Regan\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Daytona 500\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18019371\",\n \"text\": \"revealed to be called \\\"You Don't Know What to Do\\\", live during a mini-concert for \\\"Today\\\" held by Carey. Following the performance, Carey premiered the studio version on May 19 on \\\"The Russ Parr Morning Show\\\" radio show. A solo version which omits Wale's rap verses was later released in June 2014. The song was serviced to urban contemporary radio on June 30, 2014 and rhythmic contemporary radio on July 1, 2014, as the fourth single to be released from the album. When Carey released \\\"You Don't Know What to Do\\\" as the fourth single from the album, fans noticed\",\n \"title\": \"You Don't Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338141\",\n \"text\": \"by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \\\"Affection\\\" and on \\\"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\\\". They were also featured on \\\"The Collection\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18019368\",\n \"text\": \"that have yet to enter the main Ultratop 50 chart, and number 2 on the South Korea download chart. \\\"You Don't Know What to Do\\\" garnered critical acclaim amongst music critics: many complimented the disco revival and throwback style, calling it the best track on the album, and compared it to the works of Jocelyn Brown, Daft Punk, Chic and post-revivalist songs produced Pharrell Williams. Carey and Wale performed the song for the first and only time on the \\\"Today\\\" show in the United States. \\\"You Don't Know What to Do\\\" was written by Carey, Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox,\",\n \"title\": \"You Don't Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13320934\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Say to That \\\"What Do You Say to That\\\" is a song written by Jim Lauderdale and Melba Montgomery. First recorded by David Ball on his album \\\"Play\\\", it was later recorded by George Strait on his album \\\"Always Never the Same\\\". Strait's version was released in July 1999 as the third and final single from this album. It peaked at number 4 in the United States, and number 2 in Canada. Larry Flick, of \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it a \\\"lovely little tune with a pretty melody and a positive lyric.\\\" He goes\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Say to That\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18019366\",\n \"text\": \"You Don't Know What to Do \\\"You Don't Know What to Do\\\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey included on her fourteenth studio album, \\\"Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse \\\" (2014), and features rapper Wale. The track was released on June 30, 2014, as the fourth single from the album. It was written by Wale, Carey, Jermaine Dupri and Bryan-Michael Cox, with production helmed by the latter three. The song contains an interpolation of \\\"I'm Caught Up in a One Night Affair\\\" written by Patrick Adams and Terri Gonzalez, both of whom received songwriting\",\n \"title\": \"You Don't Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1793157\",\n \"text\": \"expression has become a snowclone, sometimes for humorous effect. For example, \\\"What Would Jesus Buy?\\\", \\\"What Would Lincoln Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Mary Marvel Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Johnny Cash Do?\\\", and \\\"What would Tintin do?\\\". The term \\\"What Would Jesus Do?\\\" or \\\"WWJD\\\" is also perceived as a fundamental management and leadership principle given Jesus' methodology of going to the marketplace to preach and lead by example. In modern management principles, more academic and professional references are going to the gemba or Management by Walking Around. What would Jesus do? The phrase \\\"What would Jesus do?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What would Jesus do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7818131\",\n \"text\": \"and entice the police into picking it up. What the other radicals do not know is that Hotte intends to smuggle himself into the evidence room inside the crate along with the bomb, to make sure it's placed correctly. Hotte, without his wheelchair (he uses a dolly), is trapped in the evidence room when the emergency exit door is jammed. Frantically, he uses the phone in the room to call his compatriots, but they are all away from their phones. In desperation he calls Bülent, who at that moment is trying to talk Tim into abandoning their apartment and accepting\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do in Case of Fire?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14810918\",\n \"text\": \"number 37 in the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 in 1960. In 2004, Reed's song was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in the \\\"Classic of Blues Recordings\\\" category. According to Koda, \\\"Baby What You Want Me to Do\\\" \\\"was already a barroom staple of blues, country, and rock & roll bands by the early '60s\\\" and has spawned versions by a variety of blues, R&B, and rock artists. The song continues to be performed and recorded, making it perhaps the most covered of Reed's songs. Some of these include: Baby What You Want Me to Do \\\"Baby What You\",\n \"title\": \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4480224\",\n \"text\": \"Aberback of NorthJersey.com noted that the album placed the band on the \\\"indie-rock map and continues to resonate heavily with fans 10 years later\\\". Jorgensen later called the album a \\\"diary entry. Without that, I think a lot of people when [their] lives go on they forget what they went through at a certain point in time so for me that’s the biggest markers for me to remember where I was at the point in my life.\\\" Personnel per booklet. Armor for Sleep Production Citations Sources What to Do When You Are Dead What to Do When You Are Dead\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do When You Are Dead\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6695713\",\n \"text\": \"covered by Reba McEntire for her 1994 album, \\\"Read My Mind.\\\" As listed in liner notes. What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \\\"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\\\" and \\\"Down to My Last Teardrop\\\" both at number two, \\\"Some Kind of Trouble\\\" at number three, and \\\"If\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Do with Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6695712\",\n \"text\": \"What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \\\"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\\\" and \\\"Down to My Last Teardrop\\\" both at number two, \\\"Some Kind of Trouble\\\" at number three, and \\\"If Your Heart Ain't Busy Tonight\\\" at number four. The track \\\"Everything That You Want\\\" was later\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Do with Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20334753\",\n \"text\": \"success. He has further gone on to call that rather than demonetization as an exercise, better end to end income and asset tracking mechanisms, including the usage of biometric systems such as Aadhaar will be instrumental in battling 'black money'. I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with\",\n \"title\": \"I Do What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20334751\",\n \"text\": \"I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with his commentary on the economic and political context prevalent at that time. The book was released on September 5, 2017 and quickly made its way to topping the list of best sellers on Amazon India and Flipkart. The book has\",\n \"title\": \"I Do What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15814084\",\n \"text\": \"& Tracks for the chart week of January 15, 2000. Do What You Gotta Do \\\"Do What You Gotta Do\\\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \\\"Friday Night in America\\\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \\\"Sevens\\\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15814082\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Gotta Do \\\"Do What You Gotta Do\\\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \\\"Friday Night in America\\\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \\\"Sevens\\\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks chart. The song was issued over two years\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16563955\",\n \"text\": \"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do \\\"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do\\\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Van Zant. It was released in September 2005 as the second single from their album \\\"Get Right with the Man\\\". The song was written by Tony Mullins, Tim Nichols and Craig Wiseman. In his review of the song, Kevin John Coyne of \\\"Country Universe\\\" called the duo \\\"a great southern rock addition to the genre.\\\" The music video was directed by Trey Fanjoy and premiered in September 2005. The song debuted at number 59 on the U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16563956\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of October 8, 2005. Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do \\\"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do\\\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Van Zant. It was released in September 2005 as the second single from their album \\\"Get Right with the Man\\\". The song was written by Tony Mullins, Tim Nichols and Craig Wiseman. In his review of the song, Kevin John Coyne of \\\"Country Universe\\\" called the duo \\\"a great southern rock addition to the genre.\\\" The music video was directed by Trey Fanjoy and premiered\",\n \"title\": \"Nobody Gonna Tell Me What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10038255\",\n \"text\": \"Ain't What You Do \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \\\"Nu-Flow\\\". \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is based on Fun Boy Three and Bananarama's collaboration \\\"It Ain't What You Do (It's the\",\n \"title\": \"Ain't What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4480222\",\n \"text\": \"surprise but will certainly entertain\\\". According to \\\"Now\\\" writer Jered Stuffco, Equal Vision was \\\"banking heavily\\\" on the band to accumulate strong sales, and based on the group's \\\"poster-boy image, melodramatic harmonies and tight emo riffage,\\\" he felt they might succeed. \\\"What to Do When You Are Dead\\\" peaked at number 101 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, as well as charting at number 1 on the Heatseekers Albums chart and number 8 on the Independent Albums chart. By July 2007 the album had sold 200,000 copies. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of \\\"What to Do When You Are Dead\\\", the band\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do When You Are Dead\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9930755\",\n \"text\": \"vocalists on \\\"If Love Was a River\\\", which they also co-wrote. Adam Wright also wrote the track \\\"Strong Enough\\\". Giving the album all four stars, \\\"People\\\" magazine said on the album that Jackson \\\"continues to sound more and more like Merle Haggard, which is tantamount to approaching perfection.\\\" \\\"What I Do\\\" debuted at #1 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 selling 139,000 copies, becoming his third #1 album, and #1 on the Top Country Albums, becoming his seventh #1 country album. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA in October 2004. What I Do What I Do is the twelfth\",\n \"title\": \"What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11573996\",\n \"text\": \"1974 Daytona 500 The 1974 Daytona 500, the 16th running of the event, was won by Richard Petty (for the fifth time) after three hours, eleven minutes, and thirty-eight seconds of racing on February 17, 1974, at Daytona International Raceway in Daytona Beach, Florida, USA. During the start of the 1974 NASCAR season, many races had their distance cut ten percent in response to the energy crisis of the year. As a result, the 1974 Daytona 500, won by Richard Petty (his second straight, making him the first driver ever to do it), was shortened to 180 laps (450 miles),\",\n \"title\": \"1974 Daytona 500\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12138900\",\n \"text\": \"the past: \\\"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\\\" Its B-side is \\\"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\\\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \\\"How Could Something\\\" and by Chamillionaire for \\\"Void In My Life\\\". The music video was an imitation of \\\"The Godfather\\\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9930754\",\n \"text\": \"What I Do What I Do is the twelfth studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on September 7, 2004, and produced four singles for Jackson on the Hot Country Songs charts: \\\"Too Much of a Good Thing\\\" and \\\"Monday Morning Church\\\" both reached #5, while \\\"The Talkin' Song Repair Blues\\\" and \\\"USA Today\\\" both reached #18. \\\"What I Do\\\", however, was the first album of his career not to produce any #1 hits. The Wrights, a duo composed of Adam and Shannon Wright (the former of whom is Jackson's nephew) are featured as background\",\n \"title\": \"What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10038256\",\n \"text\": \"Way That You Do It)\\\". UK CD 1 UK CD 2 Ain't What You Do \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \\\"Nu-Flow\\\". \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is based on Fun Boy\",\n \"title\": \"Ain't What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20608310\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the Masters Apprentices, released in November 1988 on Virgin Records. It was the group's first album in 17 years since \\\"A Toast To Panama Red\\\". In the early 1980s there was a revival of interest in the Masters Apprentices due partly to rock historian Glenn A. Baker, who featured the band for his \\\"Rock & Roll Trivia Show\\\" on Sydney radio's Triple J, which in turn led to the release of a definitive compilation LP, \\\"Hands of Time\\\" by Baker's Raven Records in\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17579986\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Write what you want, say what you want about me/ If you want you know that I'm not sorry\\\". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, \\\"Do What U Want\\\" is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of A major with Gaga's vocals spanning the tonal nodes of E to F. The song follows a basic sequence of D–E–Fm–E–D–E as its chord\",\n \"title\": \"Do What U Want\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6187567\",\n \"text\": \"Paul McCartney did \\\"It's for You\\\", a song which was written specifically for Cilla Black to sing. The tape of the session was subsequently misfiled, but was rediscovered in 1993. Harrison's first contribution to the Beatles' output was \\\"Don't Bother Me\\\", recorded in September 1963. His next contribution was not until \\\"I Need You\\\", recorded in February 1965. Asked about this gap in 1964, and referring obliquely to \\\"You Know What to Do\\\", George Martin explained that Harrison \\\"got discouraged some time ago when none of us liked something that he had written\\\". The song is in the key of\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17514848\",\n \"text\": \"1972 studio album \\\"See All Her Faces\\\". Yellowman covered it for \\\"King Yellowman\\\" (1984). \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is sampled in \\\"Upgrade U\\\" by Beyoncé and Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's album \\\"B'Day\\\" (2006) and in \\\"No Homo Outro\\\", a track from \\\"Turtleneck & Chain\\\" (2011) by The Lonely Island. Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \\\"My First Time Around\\\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records.\",\n \"title\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6187566\",\n \"text\": \"Night\\\" album, but this activity was cancelled so that a replacement drummer, Jimmie Nicol, could be brought in and rehearse with the group. After running through six songs in a one-hour rehearsal in EMI's Studio Two, everyone felt satisfied with Nicol's drumming, so he left to pack his suitcase. That evening, in a four-hour session in Studio Two, each of the three present Beatles recorded a demo of a newly written song. Harrison recorded \\\"You Know What to Do\\\"; John Lennon did \\\"No Reply\\\", which eventually ended up as the opening track of their next album, \\\"Beatles for Sale\\\"; and\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17514846\",\n \"text\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \\\"My First Time Around\\\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records. It reached number thirty-three on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and number fifteen on the US Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles. It has been covered and sampled by several artists. \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is a song written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid. It was arranged by\",\n \"title\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14746910\",\n \"text\": \"young boy sitting at a breakfast table with a huge pile of pancakes. Activities mentioned in the book include bowling, water skiing, marching, boxing, and shooting guns with the United States Marines, and eating more spaghetti \\\"than anyone else has eaten before. Helen Palmer's photograph-based children's books did not prove to be as popular as the more traditional text-and-illustrations format; however, \\\"Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday\\\" received positive reviews and was listed by \\\"The New York Times\\\" as one of the best children's books of 1963. The book is now out of print. Do You\",\n \"title\": \"Do You Know What I'm Going to Do Next Saturday?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16345967\",\n \"text\": \"In the \\\"What Ya Wanna Do\\\" music video, all the featured rappers spit verses by turn, recording their posse cut in the studio. The song contains a sample from \\\"Do You Wanna Go Party\\\" as written by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and performed by KC and the Sunshine Band on their sixth studio album \\\"Do You Wanna Go Party\\\". Adapted from Discogs What Ya Wanna Do \\\"What Ya Wanna Do?\\\" is a single by American recording artist Ice-T from his third studio album \\\"The Iceberg/Freedom of Speech...Just Watch What You Say\\\". It was released in 1989 via Sire\",\n \"title\": \"What Ya Wanna Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13232615\",\n \"text\": \"mundane shooters and RPGs with their played out themes of morality, but it's trying too hard to be clever.\\\" The game currently holds 69% on Metacritic. There have been two sequels to \\\"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\\\" released on PSP: \\\"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\\\" and \\\"No Heroes Allowed!\\\". A third sequel, \\\"No Heroes Allowed!\\\", was released in 2014 for PlayStation Vita, with a fourth, \\\"No Heroes Allowed! VR\\\", released on October 14 2017 for PlayStation VR. What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5989790\",\n \"text\": \"Myself\\\". I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself \\\"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself\\\" is a song written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. \\\"I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself\\\" was first recorded by Tommy Hunt in a session produced by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, with Burt Bacharach arranging and conducting. It was released as single Scepter 1236 (B-side \\\"And I Never Knew\\\") in May 1962, but did not chart. The song served as the title track for Hunt's sole album release on Scepter released in April 1963. The success in\",\n \"title\": \"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5989782\",\n \"text\": \"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself \\\"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself\\\" is a song written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. \\\"I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself\\\" was first recorded by Tommy Hunt in a session produced by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, with Burt Bacharach arranging and conducting. It was released as single Scepter 1236 (B-side \\\"And I Never Knew\\\") in May 1962, but did not chart. The song served as the title track for Hunt's sole album release on Scepter released in April 1963. The success in the\",\n \"title\": \"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13232609\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in North America exclusively as a download game on the PlayStation Store, under the title Holy Invasion of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?. However, on February 9, 2010, NIS America revealed it would be changing the game's name to avoid conflict with the Batman franchise. The game was re-released on April 22, 2010 on the PlayStation Network after it was removed to make the changes, while its sequel, \\\"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\\\", had been delayed to May\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19355998\",\n \"text\": \"song was written for both piano and voice. The song is a call to action. It encourages listeners to buy liberty bonds, especially if they are staying home while soldiers fight overseas. The voice states that it doesn't matter one's age, where he is from, or who he is. Uncle Sam expects everyone to help in the war effort. The chorus is as follows: The sheet music can be found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library. What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys? \\\"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys?\\\" is a World War\",\n \"title\": \"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20056085\",\n \"text\": \"with drum parts recorded at M.I.T. by WMBR DJ John McGee. Two more songs were recorded at Fort Apache Studios by sound engineer Tim O'Heir and mixed at Q Division Studios by Rich Costey, with whom the band would continue to work for over a decade. The album's other songs were created on a 4-track cassette recorder by Tutunjian at home. The band sequenced the songs on \\\"What To Do About Them\\\" in a way that created an arc in fidelity—from studio to 8-track to 4-track to 8-track to studio, and so on—and linked songs with field recordings and non-sequiturial\",\n \"title\": \"What To Do About Them\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14121335\",\n \"text\": \"and believe that nothing is impossible with God. That's what faith can do. The take-away message is to know that God cares for you personally and that He wants a personal relationship with each and every one of us. For believers, the song is a reminder about making a faithful commitment to live with the kind of faith that God calls each of us to have.\\\" The music video for the single \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" was released on February 12, 2010. What Faith Can Do \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from\",\n \"title\": \"What Faith Can Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19355997\",\n \"text\": \"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys? \\\"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys?\\\" is a World War I era song released in 1918. Gus Kahn wrote the lyrics. Egbert Van Alstyne composed the music. It was published by Jerome H. Remick & Co. of Detroit, Michigan. Artist E.E. Walton designed the sheet music cover. It features Uncle Sam inside a red, white, and blue question mark. He is holding his beard and looking down at liberty bonds. To the left of this image it reads, \\\"Buy a Liberty Bond!\\\" on some editions. The\",\n \"title\": \"What Are You Going to Do to Help the Boys?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11151648\",\n \"text\": \"at Hinckley, which was started after the original Triumph company went into administration, has made a far better known and more numerous Daytona 600. It is powered by a liquid-cooled four-cylinder in-line engine and was superseded by the Daytona 650 from 2005. Triumph Daytona 600 The Triumph Daytona 600 is a name given to two different motorcycles. The first model was sport bike manufactured in 1983 by Triumph Motorcycles out of their Meriden factory that was claimed to do over 100 miles per hour but fell within a lower insurance price bracket than the preceding 650cc Triumph TR65 Thunderbird in\",\n \"title\": \"Triumph Daytona 600\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8557191\",\n \"text\": \"What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United States President Ronald Reagan as a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians. The phrase derives by analogy from the earlier phrase What would Jesus do? and its related initialism WWJD, coined in the 1890s and repopularized during the 1990s. While the phrase \\\"What would Reagan do?\\\" has existed since at least the early 2000s, it\",\n \"title\": \"What would Reagan do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20608312\",\n \"text\": \"Radio\\\" and \\\"Because I Love You\\\" (the band's most popular songs). The perennial \\\"Because I Love You\\\" also gained new prominence around that time via its use in a series of advertisements for a well-known brand of jeans; the revamped version of \\\"Because I Love You\\\" peaked at No. 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Charts. Side B is live recordings taken from the 1988 reunion tour. All songs written by Doug Ford and Jim Keays, except where noted. Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5140703\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? is a 1970 American hidden-camera style reality film, directed by \\\"Candid Camera\\\" creator Allen Funt. In the film, Funt secretly records people's reactions to unexpected encounters with nudity or sexuality in unusual situations. This was the first of two \\\"Candid Camera\\\"–style theatrical films to be produced and directed by Funt, the other being \\\"Money Talks\\\" (1972). While the film does contain some titillating material and both male and female full frontal nudity, a large amount of the film involves Funt talking to people about\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5140705\",\n \"text\": \"with a DVD released on December 6, 2011. What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? What Do You Say to a Naked Lady? is a 1970 American hidden-camera style reality film, directed by \\\"Candid Camera\\\" creator Allen Funt. In the film, Funt secretly records people's reactions to unexpected encounters with nudity or sexuality in unusual situations. This was the first of two \\\"Candid Camera\\\"–style theatrical films to be produced and directed by Funt, the other being \\\"Money Talks\\\" (1972). While the film does contain some titillating material and both male and female full frontal nudity, a large amount of\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Say to a Naked Lady?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8660215\",\n \"text\": \"analog controls in mind and therefore doesn't play as easily on a joypad as the Sega Saturn versions which used a standard d-pad. \\\"Daytona USA 2001\\\" retains all the tracks from the original \\\"Daytona USA\\\" and \\\"\\\", all of them was represented by names given in the \\\"Championship Circuit Edition\\\": The game also adds three new and exclusive circuits: The \\\"Daytona USA 2001\\\" soundtrack is a mix of remixed and original music: The courses taken from \\\"Daytona USA: Championship Circuit Edition\\\" do not have their original themes; instead, new songs are used in place of Funk Fair, The Noisy Roars\",\n \"title\": \"Daytona USA 2001\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16808520\",\n \"text\": \"by the band's guitarist Louis Souyave. Daytona Lights split in late 2013. The band has received air time on BBC Radio 1, XFM, BBC Radio 1Xtra, BBC Radio 6, BalconyTV, and a remix of their 2012 single 'My Place' by Boy George. XFM's John Kennedy has championed the band on his show through various live sessions and airplay. Their debut studio album 'This Modern Landscape' was released 29 December 2011. They are credited with coining the genre description \\\"Groove-Pop\\\". In 2009 the band appeared in BlackBerry's 'Love What You Do' commercial and in 2010 the band's single 'Lillian' was used\",\n \"title\": \"Daytona Lights\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17742876\",\n \"text\": \"New York City and Los Angeles, followed by a screening in San Francisco, Irvine, Philadelphia, Boston, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. The film received a regional release in the U.S. in March 2015, by Unison Films, The Orchard, and Paramount Pictures in association with Funny or Die and Paladin Pictures. The film was heavily pirated. After the shutting down of a piracy website based in Mount Wellington, Auckland, the website revealed that, at 277,000 downloads, 'What We Do in the Shadows' was one of its most heavily pirated films. \\\"What We Do in the Shadows\\\" received critical acclaim and has an\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in the Shadows\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16774477\",\n \"text\": \"the 2010 election. A majority of those he spoke with and listened to were Republicans, especially among the 87 new legislators. The title of the book, \\\"Do Not Ask What Good We Do\\\", is taken from a sentence in a letter from Fisher Ames to Thomas Dwight, dated May 30, 1796: \\\"Do not ask what good we do : that is not a fair question, in these days of faction.\\\" The prologue to the book details how, on the night of Obama's inauguration, a group of around 15 Republican Representatives and Senators met in the Caucus Room, a \\\"high-end D.C.\",\n \"title\": \"Do Not Ask What Good We Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9854119\",\n \"text\": \"What Would Joey Do? What Would Joey Do? is a 2003 novel in a series by Jack Gantos about the character, Joey Pigza. The title is a play on the Christian phrase \\\"What would Jesus do?\\\", which Mrs. Lapp, Joey's homeschooling tutor, asks him at her doorstep on every visit. The phrase is also a mirror to Joey's own trouble-filled life, as to which choice would be the best for \\\"mopping up the messy corners of his life.\\\" The book deals with Joey as he tries to take charge of correcting his wrongs in his life and the lives of\",\n \"title\": \"What Would Joey Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16774476\",\n \"text\": \"Do Not Ask What Good We Do Do Not Ask What Good We Do: Inside the U.S. House of Representatives is a 2012 book by the author Robert Draper and published by Free Press. It details the activities of Republicans and Democrats in the United States House of Representatives and the Senate during the first term of Barack Obama's presidency. The book was republished under the title When the Tea Party Came to Town. In order to research the activities and politics within the House of Representatives, Draper \\\"embedded with new and senior House members\\\" that had been elected in\",\n \"title\": \"Do Not Ask What Good We Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8841668\",\n \"text\": \"vinyl UK CD Japan CD Germany CD Tell Me What You Want Me to Do \\\"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\\\" is the title of a number-one R&B single by singer Tevin Campbell. To date, the single is Campbell's biggest hit peaking at number 6 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and spending one week at number-one on the US R&B chart. The hit song is also Tevin's one and only Adult Contemporary hit, where it peaked at number 43. The song showcases Campbell's four-octave vocal range from a low note of E2 to a D#6 during the bridge\",\n \"title\": \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8841667\",\n \"text\": \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do \\\"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\\\" is the title of a number-one R&B single by singer Tevin Campbell. To date, the single is Campbell's biggest hit peaking at number 6 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and spending one week at number-one on the US R&B chart. The hit song is also Tevin's one and only Adult Contemporary hit, where it peaked at number 43. The song showcases Campbell's four-octave vocal range from a low note of E2 to a D#6 during the bridge of the song. US 7\\\" vinyl 12\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937838\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"What do you mean / When you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no? / What do you mean / When you don't want me to move, but you tell me to go?.\\\" \\\"USA Today\\\" Carly Mallenbaum, who heard the song in early August, described it as a \\\"catchy dance track for the club\\\". Similarly, a writer for \\\"The Daily Beast\\\" said, \\\"['What Do You Mean?' is] pretty damn catchy; a slow-burner that, like that collab, swells into a Bieber banger\\\". Gil Kaufman of MTV News also called it a \\\"banger\\\", explaining, \\\"the track is classic JB: seductive,\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937858\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Mean?\\\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \\\"Purpose\\\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \\\"Poo Bear\\\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a pop and tropical house\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14853338\",\n \"text\": \"also stated that \\\"Jon's voice is crisp and clear, up in front in the mix; and Richie Sambora's guitar work is neat, clean, and growing more minimal by the minute\\\". Describing the composition, Osrin said that song \\\"continues the band's trend of recording music that tries to be more socially conscious than rollicking\\\". Songwriting and production Musicians \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" was used in a promotional video for \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" in Canada. What Do You Got? \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \\\"Greatest\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Got?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19847957\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial\\\". Prints of \\\"What Do Men Want?\\\" are maintained at the Library of Congress and UCLA Film and Television Archive. What Do Men Want? What Do Men Want? is a 1921 American silent drama film written, produced, and directed by Lois Weber and starring her muse Claire Windsor. As described in a film magazine, at the girls school gymnasium in the small town of Oakdale everyone is happily discussing the upcoming ball with the exception of Bertha (Kessler), who is left to herself by the other girls because her father is in an insane asylum and she\",\n \"title\": \"What Do Men Want?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["daytona 500 experience","jackie robinson ballpark","daytona international speedway","mary mcleod bethune home","daytona beach bike week","museum of arts and sciences","halifax historical museum","daytona lagoon","ocean center","south beach street historic district"],"string":"[\n \"daytona 500 experience\",\n \"jackie robinson ballpark\",\n \"daytona international speedway\",\n \"mary mcleod bethune home\",\n \"daytona beach bike week\",\n \"museum of arts and sciences\",\n \"halifax historical museum\",\n \"daytona lagoon\",\n \"ocean center\",\n \"south beach street historic district\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2186,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who does paul walker play in fast and furious?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2436106","text":"2 Fast 2 Furious 2 Fast 2 Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 2 or Fast & Furious 2) is a 2003 American action thriller film directed by John Singleton, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas. It is the second installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise, and a standalone sequel to \"The Fast and the Furious\" (2001). The film stars Paul Walker, Tyrese Gibson, Eva Mendes, Ludacris, and Cole Hauser. The film follows former cop Brian O'Conner, who teams up with Roman Pearce and U.S. Customs Service agent","title":"2 Fast 2 Furious"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2436106\",\n \"text\": \"2 Fast 2 Furious 2 Fast 2 Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 2 or Fast & Furious 2) is a 2003 American action thriller film directed by John Singleton, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas. It is the second installment in \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise, and a standalone sequel to \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" (2001). The film stars Paul Walker, Tyrese Gibson, Eva Mendes, Ludacris, and Cole Hauser. The film follows former cop Brian O'Conner, who teams up with Roman Pearce and U.S. Customs Service agent\",\n \"title\": \"2 Fast 2 Furious\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"15608649","text":"postponed to April 3, 2015. Fast & Furious 6 Fast & Furious 6 (alternatively known as Furious 6 or Fast Six) is a 2013 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the sixth installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Tyrese Gibson, Chris \"Ludacris\" Bridges, Sung Kang, Luke Evans, Gina Carano, Gal Gadot, and John Ortiz. \"Fast & Furious 6\" follows a professional criminal gang led by Dominic Toretto (Diesel) who have retired following their successful heist in \"Fast","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"15608605","text":"Fast & Furious 6 Fast & Furious 6 (alternatively known as Furious 6 or Fast Six) is a 2013 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the sixth installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Tyrese Gibson, Chris \"Ludacris\" Bridges, Sung Kang, Luke Evans, Gina Carano, Gal Gadot, and John Ortiz. \"Fast & Furious 6\" follows a professional criminal gang led by Dominic Toretto (Diesel) who have retired following their successful heist in \"Fast Five\" (2011), but remain wanted","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"2436125","text":"Singleton's direction. The film received two Razzie Award nominations including Worst Remake or Sequel and Worst Excuse for an Actual Movie (All Concept/No Content). 2 Fast 2 Furious 2 Fast 2 Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 2 or Fast & Furious 2) is a 2003 American action thriller film directed by John Singleton, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas. It is the second installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise, and a standalone sequel to \"The Fast and the Furious\" (2001). The film stars Paul Walker, Tyrese Gibson,","title":"2 Fast 2 Furious"},{"psg_id":"11544781","text":"Morgan wrote the screenplay. It was released in April 2011. Fast & Furious (2009 film) Fast & Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 4, or Fast & Furious 4) is a 2009 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the fourth installment of \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film, which stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, and Jordana Brewster, is set between the second and installments and bridges from the first film into a present-day setting, with main members of the original cast reprising their roles. Originally","title":"Fast & Furious (2009 film)"},{"psg_id":"11544759","text":"Fast & Furious (2009 film) Fast & Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 4, or Fast & Furious 4) is a 2009 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the fourth installment of \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film, which stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, and Jordana Brewster, is set between the second and installments and bridges from the first film into a present-day setting, with main members of the original cast reprising their roles. Originally released on April 3, 2009, it received negative reviews upon","title":"Fast & Furious (2009 film)"},{"psg_id":"15608648","text":"Android devices. The story of \"Fast & Furious 6: The Game\" runs parallel to that of \"Fast & Furious 6\", allowing players to race and customize vehicles alongside characters from the film. A sequel, titled \"Furious 7\", was announced in April 2013. Lin would not return to direct the sequel as Universal pursued an accelerated schedule for the film, with a release date scheduled for July 11, 2014, just over a year after the release of \"Fast & Furious 6\". Lin was replaced by director James Wan that same month. After the death of Paul Walker, the release date was","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"11544780","text":"theatrical release on July 2, 2009 with a gross of $155,064,265 in the United States and $208,100,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $363,164,265 (making it the fifth most successful film in the franchise behind \"Furious 7\", \"The Fate of the Furious\", \"Fast & Furious 6\", and \"Fast Five\"). It is also the 17th highest-grossing film of 2009 and the fifth highest film of 2009 to gross $300 million worldwide behind \"Star Trek\", \"Monsters vs. Aliens\", \"\", and \"Terminator Salvation\". Vin Diesel and Paul Walker reunited for a \"Fast & Furious\" sequel, entitled \"Fast Five\". Justin Lin directed, while Chris","title":"Fast & Furious (2009 film)"},{"psg_id":"11545112","text":"in Los Angeles and Walker's character playing a cop who infiltrates the illegal racing world. Walker signed on immediately but the producers decided to give him a strong supporting co-star and were impressed with Vin Diesel after watching \"Pitch Black\". The film was titled \"The Fast and the Furious\" and it exceeded box office expectations which led Universal Pictures in developing a sequel with Paul Walker again as the lead. However, they had trouble re-signing Vin Diesel for the sequel as his star power had grown and he and director Rob Cohen left the series to develop the \"xXx\" film.","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"11545115","text":"successful but critically loathed \"The Pacifier\" and wanted to reinvigorate his career through the new \"Fast & Furious\" movie. Vin Diesel, Universal and Justin Lin tracked down all the original co-stars of the first movie including Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, and Jordana Brewster to convince them to return to the franchise. Paul Walker was initially reluctant to rejoin the franchise after six years but Vin Diesel assured him that this will be the first true sequel. The popular character of Han was also brought back and given his death in the third movie, the entire timeline of the franchise was","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"6236077","text":"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 3 or Tokyo Drift) is a 2006 American-German action film directed by Justin Lin, produced by Neal H. Moritz, and written by Chris Morgan. It is the third installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise and stars Lucas Black, Bow Wow, and Nathalie Kelly. The film follows car enthusiast Sean Boswell, who is sent to live in Tokyo with his father, before finding solace viewing and competing in the drifting community within the city. This film does not retain","title":"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift"},{"psg_id":"11545118","text":"Paul Walker in a car accident in November 2013 while half way filming \"Furious 7\" forced Universal to major re-shoots, script changes, hiring Weta Digital to use CGI to create Paul's likeness and ultimately delayed releasing the movie from July 2014 to April 2015. \"Furious 7\" was the most successful film in the franchise and producers decided to retire the Paul Walker character instead of killing him off. However, the toll of directing the movie with additional re-shoots forced Director James Wan not to return to the franchise. F. Gary Gray stepped in to helm the eighth movie, \"The Fate","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"11545113","text":"John Singleton was brought in as the new director, and Tyrese Gibson as Walker's new co-star and shifted the production to Miami. \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" cost more to produce but was less financially successful than the original. For the third movie, \"\", Paul Walker left the franchise citing politics, studio interference and regime decision. Universal then approached Vin Diesel but he was busy with the other movies. Since neither of the stars agreed to appear in the movie, Universal rebooted the franchise with new characters, a new director, Justin Lin, moving the series to Tokyo and shifting away from","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"2436118","text":"sequels in the '80s and '90s, when they would drum up a new story unrelated for the most part, and slap the same name on it.\" However, Diesel reflected on his decision in a July 2014 report from Uproxx, saying: \"I would've said, 'Don't walk away from it just because the script sucked in \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" because there's an obligation to the audience to fight, no matter what, to make that film as good as possible.' ( ... ) I might have had a little bit more patience or belief in the long-term of it.\" Paul Walker, who","title":"2 Fast 2 Furious"},{"psg_id":"2436124","text":"brain cells\". Metacritic assessed, based on 35 critics, a weighted average score of 38 out of 100, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\" among the sampled critics. Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film 3/4 and said, \"It doesn't have a brain in its head, but it's made with skill and style and, boy, it is fast and furious.\" The film is considered by some as the most underrated movie of the \"Fast and Furious\" franchise. Derek Lawrence of the \"Entertainment Weekly\" called it \"the forgotten Fast and Furious gem\" and praised the chemistry between Walker and Gibson and John","title":"2 Fast 2 Furious"},{"psg_id":"11545146","text":"by Raw Thrills in 2004. In 2006, the video game \"The Fast and the Furious\" was released for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Several games (\"The Fast and the Furious: Pink Slip\", \"Fast & Furious\", \"Fast Five\", \"Fast & Furious: Adrenaline\", \"Fast & Furious 6: The Game\" and \"Fast & Furious Legacy\") have all been released for iOS and are available on the iTunes App Store; for Android devices there is an official version of \"Fast & Furious 6: The Game\" and \"Fast & Furious Legacy\". In 2013, \"\" was released for the PC (Windows OS), Xbox 360, PlayStation","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"14469932","text":"More Fast and Furious More Fast and Furious: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture The Fast and the Furious is the second of two soundtracks for the film \"The Fast and the Furious\". It was originally released on December 18, 2001, by Island Records. In contrast to the hip hop-oriented first soundtrack, this album contains alternative metal and nu metal songs, as well as selected tracks from the film score composed by BT. The following songs are featured in the film or its promotional material but not on any of its soundtrack albums: The album was criticized by","title":"More Fast and Furious"},{"psg_id":"14469933","text":"listeners for its use of copy-protection software, which rendered it unplayable not only on computers with CD-ROM drives, but also on regular CD players and other CD-based devices. More Fast and Furious More Fast and Furious: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture The Fast and the Furious is the second of two soundtracks for the film \"The Fast and the Furious\". It was originally released on December 18, 2001, by Island Records. In contrast to the hip hop-oriented first soundtrack, this album contains alternative metal and nu metal songs, as well as selected tracks from the film score","title":"More Fast and Furious"},{"psg_id":"2436122","text":"have a driver's license or any driving experience prior to the film's production, and took driving lessons during filming; she drove a pink 2001 Honda S2000 AP1 in the film. Gibson drove a convertible Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder, while Michael Ealy drove a Toyota Supra Turbo MkIV model JZA80 that had been re-used by Walker in \"The Fast and the Furious\". The musical score was composed by David Arnold. The soundtrack was released on May 27, 2003 on Def Jam Recordings, the same record label that Ludacris was signed to. \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" earned $50,472,480 in its U.S. opening in","title":"2 Fast 2 Furious"},{"psg_id":"11831708","text":"he killed Jerry because she knew too much. Fast and Furious (1939 film) Fast and Furious is a 1939 American mystery comedy film directed by Busby Berkeley. The film stars Franchot Tone and Ann Sothern as Joel and Garda Sloane, a crime-solving married couple who are also rare book dealers. It is the last of a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer trilogy, along with \"Fast Company\" (1938) and \"Fast and Loose\" (1939). However, different actors played the couple each time. Joel and Garda Sloane, a husband and wife sleuthing duo, sell rare books in New York and dream of taking a vacation to escape","title":"Fast and Furious (1939 film)"},{"psg_id":"11831703","text":"Fast and Furious (1939 film) Fast and Furious is a 1939 American mystery comedy film directed by Busby Berkeley. The film stars Franchot Tone and Ann Sothern as Joel and Garda Sloane, a crime-solving married couple who are also rare book dealers. It is the last of a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer trilogy, along with \"Fast Company\" (1938) and \"Fast and Loose\" (1939). However, different actors played the couple each time. Joel and Garda Sloane, a husband and wife sleuthing duo, sell rare books in New York and dream of taking a vacation to escape the sweltering heat of the city. Joel decides","title":"Fast and Furious (1939 film)"},{"psg_id":"11545110","text":"The Fast and the Furious The Fast and the Furious (colloquial: Fast & Furious) is an American media franchise based on a series of action films that is largely concerned with illegal street racing, heists and espionage, and includes material in various other media that depicts characters and situations from the films. Distributed by Universal Pictures, the series was established with the 2001 film titled \"The Fast and the Furious\"; this was followed by seven sequels, two short films that tie into the series, and as of May 2017, it has become Universal's biggest franchise of all time, currently the","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"1830440","text":"completely game for it.\" Walker starred in the independent film \"The Lazarus Project\", which was released on DVD on October 21, 2008. He subsequently returned to \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise, reprising his role in \"Fast & Furious\", which was released on April 3, 2009. Walker then appeared in the crime drama \"Takers\", which began filming in September 2008 and was released in August 2010. The Coty Prestige fragrance brand Davidoff Cool Water for Men announced in January 2011 that Walker was going to be the new face of the brand as of July 2011. He reprised his role","title":"Paul Walker"},{"psg_id":"20242425","text":"Fast & Furious: Showdown Fast & Furious: Showdown is a cooperative racing video game developed by Firebrand Games. It was published by Activision for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and Microsoft Windows. The game is based on \"The Fast and the Furious\" series, and bridges the story between the movies \"Fast Five\" and \"Fast & Furious 6\". The player takes control of many of the major The Fast and the Furious characters, except for the noticeably absent Dominic Toretto. The story begins with a cut scene featuring Monica Fuentes finding Riley Hicks digging around through files in","title":"Fast & Furious: Showdown"},{"psg_id":"11545148","text":"JL Full Throttle Brand, released 1/64th and 1/24th models of the cars from Tokyo Drift. These models were designed by Diecast Hall of Fame designer Eric Tscherne. Greenlight has also sold cars from the new films in the series and some from the previous films. Hot Wheels has released 1/64 models since 2013. \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise was filmed in a number of countries including: Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and the United States. The Fast and the Furious The Fast and the Furious (colloquial: Fast","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"20242428","text":"negative reviews from critics. \"IGN\" editor Marty Sliva said that the game \"seemed to actively try to persuade me to stop playing before I reached the finish line.\" Alex V from New Game Network was less hard on the game and said that \"\"Fast and Furious: Showdown\" should only be of interest to the casual gamers who enjoy the films.\" Fast & Furious: Showdown Fast & Furious: Showdown is a cooperative racing video game developed by Firebrand Games. It was published by Activision for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and Microsoft Windows. The game is based on","title":"Fast & Furious: Showdown"},{"psg_id":"1840303","text":"the Restless\" with gas fumes. \"The Quick and the Dead\" with skid marks.\" Paul Clinton of CNN wrote that Cohen \"created a high-octane, rubber-burning extravaganza\" but he criticized the film for \"plot holes you could drive the proverbial truck through\" and an idiotic ending. \"The Fast and the Furious\" was released on DVD on January 2, 2002. A second DVD entitled the \"Tricked Out Edition\", released on June 3, 2003, featured \"The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious\", a short film that set the tone to the film's sequel. An abridged version of the short film is also","title":"The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)"},{"psg_id":"1830434","text":"on three films at the time of his death which were released posthumously: \"Hours\" (2013), \"Brick Mansions\" (2014), and \"Furious 7\" (2015). The Wiz Khalifa song \"See You Again\", featuring Charlie Puth, was commissioned for the \"Furious 7\" soundtrack as a tribute to Walker. It was nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Original Song in 2015 and was the number-one song in the United States for 12 weeks. Walker was born in Glendale, California, and was the son of Cheryl (née Crabtree), a fashion model, and Paul William Walker III, a sewer contractor and boxer who was a two-time","title":"Paul Walker"},{"psg_id":"11545144","text":"feature length, in chronological order. Real world release dates are also noted. Universal has incorporated several theme park attractions involving the Fast & Furious franchise. Universal Studios Hollywood and its Studio Tour has featured several of the picture car vehicles. From 2006 to 2013, \"The Fast and the Furious: Extreme Close-Up\" attraction was part of the Studio Tour. On June 25, 2015, Universal Studios Hollywood allotted the final portion of their Studio Tour for the dark ride \"\". Universal Orlando opened a ride of the same name April 23, 2018. \"Fast & Furious Live\" is a live show that combines","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"11545132","text":"against Takashi to determine who must leave Tokyo. Sean and Han's friends then build a 1967 Ford Mustang, with an inline-6 engine and other parts salvaged from Han's Silvia that Sean had destroyed. Sean wins the race and is later challenged by Dominic Toretto. \"Fast & Furious\", as well as its succeeding films, takes place before the events of \"The Fast and The Furious: Tokyo Drift\". About five years after the events of the first film, Dominic and his new crew (Letty, Han, Leo, Santos and Cara) have been hijacking fuel tankers in the Dominican Republic. When their trail gets","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"18759740","text":"Fast & Furious: Supercharged Fast & Furious: Supercharged is an attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Florida. The attraction is based on \"Fast & Furious\" film franchise, which features Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez and Tyrese Gibson. The Hollywood version, opened on June 25, 2015 as part of the Studio Tour. The Florida version of the ride, which opened on April 23, 2018, features Ludacris and Jordana Brewster. The ride was first announced in April 2014 for a 2015 opening at Universal Studios Hollywood. The first commercial for \"Fast & Furious: Supercharged\" was aired during Super Bowl","title":"Fast & Furious: Supercharged"},{"psg_id":"9918277","text":"The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack) The Fast and the Furious is the first of two soundtracks based on the major motion picture \"The Fast and the Furious\". The soundtrack reached number seven on the \"Billboard\" 200 and number one on the Top Soundtracks. The album went platinum in 2002 in both the United States and Canada. The single released from the soundtrack is \"Put It on Me\" and \"Furious\" by Ja Rule, \"POV City Anthem\" by Cadillac Tah, Good Life (Remix) by Faith Evans and \"Justify My Love\" by Vita. The Limp Bizkit single \"Rollin' (Urban Assault Vehicle)\", which","title":"The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack)"},{"psg_id":"15608636","text":"2013, with the North American release on May 24. While the film is officially titled \"Fast & Furious 6\", its on-screen title card displays the title as simple \"Furious 6\". \"Fast & Furious 6\" earned $239 million in North America and $550 million elsewhere for a worldwide total of $789 million. Calculating in all expenses, \"Deadline Hollywood\" estimated that the film made a profit of $135.1 million. Worldwide, it is the sixth highest-grossing 2013 film and the fourth highest-grossing Universal film. On the weekend of June 14–16, 2013, it became the second highest-grossing film in the \"Fast and the Furious\"","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"11545116","text":"altered so that he can be included in further sequels. The fourth movie, \"Fast & Furious\" was a financial success and Universal wanted to continue with further sequels, and \"Fast Five\" was developed which shifted the genre away from car racing and into a heist movie, added Dwayne Johnson to the cast and changed the location to Brazil. \"Fast Five\" was supposed to wrap up the franchise but given its strong box office performance and high critical praise with some calling it the best movie in the franchise, Universal proceeded to develop the sixth movie. \"Fast & Furious 6\" continued","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"6236096","text":"also partnered with music producers Pharrell Williams and Dr. Dre to help curate the soundtrack. It was followed by the \"Original Score\", which was also composed by Tyler. The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 3 or Tokyo Drift) is a 2006 American-German action film directed by Justin Lin, produced by Neal H. Moritz, and written by Chris Morgan. It is the third installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise and stars Lucas Black, Bow Wow, and Nathalie Kelly. The film follows car enthusiast Sean Boswell,","title":"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift"},{"psg_id":"9918278","text":"is the remix to \"Rollin' (Air Raid Vehicle)\", is also featured on the soundtrack. The song features DMX, Method Man and Redman and is produced by Swizz Beatz. The soundtrack exclusively featured artists from Irv Gotti's label The Inc. Records such as Ja Rule. The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack) The Fast and the Furious is the first of two soundtracks based on the major motion picture \"The Fast and the Furious\". The soundtrack reached number seven on the \"Billboard\" 200 and number one on the Top Soundtracks. The album went platinum in 2002 in both the United States and","title":"The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack)"},{"psg_id":"16916873","text":"Fast & Furious 6 (soundtrack) Fast & Furious 6 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to \"Fast & Furious 6\", released digitally to iTunes on May 17, 2013, and on CD on May 21, 2013 by Def Jam Recordings. It mainly features electronic and hip hop tracks. Lucas Vidal composed the musical score for \"Fast & Furious 6\" since Brian Tyler had other commitments with \"Iron Man 3\" and \"\". The track \"We Own It\" by 2 Chainz and Wiz Khalifa reached number six on the UK Singles Chart, becoming 2 Chainz's most successful single in that country. With","title":"Fast & Furious 6 (soundtrack)"},{"psg_id":"18759749","text":"what they're told to while working at the attraction as long as they avoid getting the most thumbs down. Fast & Furious: Supercharged Fast & Furious: Supercharged is an attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Florida. The attraction is based on \"Fast & Furious\" film franchise, which features Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez and Tyrese Gibson. The Hollywood version, opened on June 25, 2015 as part of the Studio Tour. The Florida version of the ride, which opened on April 23, 2018, features Ludacris and Jordana Brewster. The ride was first announced in April 2014 for a","title":"Fast & Furious: Supercharged"},{"psg_id":"16916874","text":"the agreement of the record label Axtone (owned by Swedish DJ Axwell from Swedish House Mafia), the tracks \"Here We Go\" (featuring Swanky Tunes) and \"Quasar\" by Hard Rock Sofa, a Russian band of DJs, were used in the film. The Glitch Mob remix of The Prodigy's song Breathe was used in trailers leading up to the release of Fast & Furious 6. Fast & Furious 6 (soundtrack) Fast & Furious 6 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to \"Fast & Furious 6\", released digitally to iTunes on May 17, 2013, and on CD on May 21, 2013 by","title":"Fast & Furious 6 (soundtrack)"},{"psg_id":"19063404","text":"Race Wars (The Fast and the Furious) Race Wars is a drag racing event in the movie \"The Fast and the Furious\", which describes the underground illegal racing scene in Los Angeles, California, that character Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his team invent. Race Wars is not mentioned again until they reference it in the seventh installment of the \"Fast and Furious\" franchise, \"Furious 7\". The event consists of drag races where racers compete for large amounts of cash or pink slips, while beautiful women dance around the cars and throughout the event. There is a real life event based","title":"Race Wars (The Fast and the Furious)"},{"psg_id":"17150230","text":"The Furious and the Fast \"The Furious and the Fast\" is the seventh episode in the second season (2013) of the television series \"Dallas\". The episode marks the last appearance of J.R. Ewing (played by Larry Hagman). J.R. is in Abu Dhabi closing some oil leases. Ewing Energies has its first board meeting with its two new board members: Sue Ellen Ewing and Pamela Barnes. Christopher and Bobby tells John Ross, Sue Ellen, and Pamela that they will revoke the Mineral Rights on Southfork Ranch if they do not return Elena's assets including her shares in Ewing Energies. John Ross","title":"The Furious and the Fast"},{"psg_id":"17150242","text":"Cynthia Cidre's original pilot included J.R. in a relatively important role to the series, but due to contractual disputes between Hagman and TNT, she was made to rewrite the script that utilized archive footage of the titular character, as well as reducing characters Sue Ellen Ewing and Bobby Ewing to recurring characters. The Furious and the Fast \"The Furious and the Fast\" is the seventh episode in the second season (2013) of the television series \"Dallas\". The episode marks the last appearance of J.R. Ewing (played by Larry Hagman). J.R. is in Abu Dhabi closing some oil leases. Ewing Energies","title":"The Furious and the Fast"},{"psg_id":"1830438","text":"\"She's All That\" (1999), and \"The Skulls\" (2000). In 2001, Walker's breakthrough role arrived when he starred opposite actor Vin Diesel in the successful action film \"The Fast and the Furious\", the first film in the franchise. The film established Walker as a notable film star and leading man and led to his reprise of the role in the 2003 sequel \"2 Fast 2 Furious\". He continued his career with leading roles in films such as \"Joy Ride\" (2001), \"Timeline\" (2003)\", and Into the Blue\" (2005). He had a supporting role in Clint Eastwood's adaptation of \"Flags of Our Fathers\"","title":"Paul Walker"},{"psg_id":"2436153","text":"The Fast and the Furious (1955 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 1955 American B movie crime film from a story written by Roger Corman and screenplay by Jean Howell and Jerome Odlum. The film stars John Ireland and Dorothy Malone. Ireland also served as the film's co-director. \"The Fast and the Furious\" was the first film produced for the American International Pictures company. Charged with a murder he did not commit, truck driver Frank Webster (John Ireland) has broken out of jail. While on the run, and the subject of radio news reports, he is cornered in","title":"The Fast and the Furious (1955 film)"},{"psg_id":"17261210","text":"\"Fast & Furious 6\" (2013), until Deckard Shaw (Statham), a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his comatose younger brother, puts the team in danger once again. With the previous three installments set between \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" (2003) and \"\" (2006), \"Furious 7\" is the first installment in the franchise to take place after \"Tokyo Drift\". The film also marks the final film appearance of Walker, who died in a single-vehicle crash on November 30, 2013 with filming only half-completed. Following Walker's death, filming was delayed for script rewrites, and his brothers, Caleb and Cody, were used as","title":"Furious 7"},{"psg_id":"2436159","text":"by a documentary on American International Pictures that included Corman's film. Moritz was able to trade the use of some stock footage to Corman for use of the title. The Fast and the Furious (1955 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 1955 American B movie crime film from a story written by Roger Corman and screenplay by Jean Howell and Jerome Odlum. The film stars John Ireland and Dorothy Malone. Ireland also served as the film's co-director. \"The Fast and the Furious\" was the first film produced for the American International Pictures company. Charged with a murder he","title":"The Fast and the Furious (1955 film)"},{"psg_id":"15608637","text":"franchise worldwide behind Furious 7, as well as separately in North America and outside North America. Outside North America, it is the highest-grossing film in the \"Fast and Furious\" series, the second highest-grossing Universal film and the second highest-grossing 2013 film. In the United Kingdom, the film took $4.4 million during its opening day from 462 screens, the biggest opening day for both \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise and Universal in that market, the second-highest opening of 2013 behind \"Iron Man 3\" ($4.7 million), and the number 1 film of the day with 54% of the market. It finished","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"15608647","text":"by Activision for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Xbox 360 and Nintendo 3DS, the game's story ties into the events in \"Fast & Furious 6\", including bridging the events between the story of the film and those of its predecessor \"Fast Five\", as well as the story of other films in the franchise. It is a \"Grand Theft Auto\"-style action game and received mainly negative reviews. A mobile game, \"Fast & Furious 6: The Game\", was developed by Exploding Barrel Games and published by studio Kabam. It was released on May 16, 2013, for iPhone, iPod touch, iPad, and","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"20242426","text":"her office. Riley introduces herself and states she is going to meet Luke Hobbs in 24 hours, and needs to know everything Hobbs has been up to. The missions are then events told by Monica to explain what Hobbs had been dealing with. Through this, we see various events from the movie, like the safe dragging scene from Fast Five, or the hijacking scene from Fast & Furious. The gameplay of \"Fast & Furious: Showdown\" focuses on cooperative driving and car combat. The game is centered around different missions, all centered around driving around in semi-destructible loops. These missions can","title":"Fast & Furious: Showdown"},{"psg_id":"15608639","text":"opened to $6.9 million, making it Universal's highest-grossing film in the territory. It earned its 66th number 1 opening, earning $23.6 million during its opening weekend, $3 million of which came from IMAX screenings. In North America, \"Fast & Furious 6\" debuted simultaneously with the comedy \"The Hangover Part III\" and the animated feature \"Epic\". It opened for midnight showings on May 23, 2013, in 2,409 theaters. It took $6.5 million, nearly doubling \"Fast Five\"s midnight gross ($3.8 million) which faced less direct competition. On its opening day, \"Fast & Furious 6\" earned $38.7 million (including midnight earnings) from 3,659","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"11544772","text":"to \"Fast & Furious\" was composed by Brian Tyler, who recorded his score with the Hollywood Studio Symphony at the Newman Scoring Stage at 20th Century Fox. The score album was released on CD by Varèse Sarabande Records with over 78 minutes worth of music. The trailers for the film feature the track \"We Are Rockstars\" by Does It Offend You, Yeah? and a Travis Barker-remixed version of \"Crank That\" by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em. The official soundtrack was released on March 31, 2009 on Star Trak. The first single from the soundtrack was titled \"Blanco\" and is by Pitbull","title":"Fast & Furious (2009 film)"},{"psg_id":"15608640","text":"theaters. The film finished the 4-day Memorial Day weekend in first place, taking $117.0 million, which was the fourth-highest 4-day Memorial Day opening. The audience was diverse, with Latinos representing 32%, women 49%, and 57% over the age of 25. \"Fast & Furious 6\" received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 69%, based on 188 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"With high-octane humor and terrific action scenes, \"Fast & Furious 6\" builds upon the winning blockbuster formula that made \"Fast 5\" a critical and commercial","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"20684148","text":"Fast & Furious: Spy Racers Fast & Furious: Spy Racers is an upcoming American animated web television series based on the film series of the same name set to premiere on Netflix. The series is executive produced by Tim Hedrick, Bret Haaland, Vin Diesel, Neal Moritz, and Chris Morgan. Hedrick and Haaland are also expected to act as showrunners. \"Fast & Furious: Spy Racers\" begins as \"teenager Tony Toretto follows in the footsteps of his cousin Dom when he and his friends are recruited by a government agency to infiltrate an elite racing league serving as a front for a","title":"Fast & Furious: Spy Racers"},{"psg_id":"11545117","text":"the heist genre and shifted the location to Europe and became the most financially successful film of the franchise up to that time. Universal lacked a major event movie for the following summer and quickly rushed \"Furious 7\" into production for a release in Summer 2014. Justin Lin decided not to return to direct the seventh film as he was still performing post-production on \"Fast & Furious 6\" and James Wan took over directorial duties. \"Furious 7\" is seen as a transitional movie which shifts the franchise from a heist to a spy action movie genre. The untimely death of","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"1830442","text":"\"District 13\", which was released in April 2014. At the time of his death, Walker had been filming \"Furious 7\", which was slated for release in July 2014. The film was completed by using his brothers Caleb and Cody as his body doubles/stand-ins, and CGI, and was released in April 2015. Walker was also set to play Agent 47 in the video game adaptation \"\", but died before production began. Walker lived in Santa Barbara with his dogs. He and Rebecca McBrain, a one-time girlfriend, had a daughter named Meadow Rain Walker, who lived with her mother in Hawaii for","title":"Paul Walker"},{"psg_id":"11544775","text":"June 12, 2009, but moved it up to April 3, 2009 instead. It was the first motion-enhanced theatrical film to feature D-BOX motion feedback technology in selected theaters. \"Fast & Furious\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on July 28, 2009. The DVD is a two-disc set that includes: As of July 29, 2011 the DVD has sold 3,324,117 copies generating $53,879,547 in sales revenue for a combined total of $417,043,812 including worldwide movie ticket sales. It was re-released in Australia on Blu-ray including a digital copy and re-titled \"Fast & Furious 4\" on March 30, 2011. \"Fast & Furious\"","title":"Fast & Furious (2009 film)"},{"psg_id":"14749017","text":"her role from \"2 Fast 2 Furious\". By February 3, 2010, it was confirmed that a fifth film, referred to as \"Fast Five\", was going into production in the \"Fast and Furious\" series, and that a sixth film was being planned. It was also confirmed that Diesel, Walker, writer Chris Morgan and producer Neal H. Moritz would all return to their roles for the new installment. Moritz said that, following the success of \"Fast & Furious\" (2009), which had reunited Diesel, Brewster, Walker and Rodriguez from the original film, the production wanted to bring them back again for the next","title":"Fast Five"},{"psg_id":"6236086","text":"and the Furious: Tokyo Drift\". Lin, who wasn't intimately familiar with drifting when he was approached to helm the project, recalled: \"I was in film school when \"The Fast and the Furious\" came out, and I saw it along with a sold-out crowd who just ate it up. What really excited me about directing this film was the chance to harness that energy—create a whole new chapter and up the ante by bringing something new to the table for the audience who loves action and speed.\" Vin Diesel agreed to make a cameo in the film in exchange for Universal's","title":"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift"},{"psg_id":"15608635","text":"The game also featured missions and locations based on the plot of the film, and allowed players to join forces with \"Fast & Furious 6\" characters. REG offered players of \"Car Town\" the ability to purchase tickets in-game via Fandango for films at REG theaters. By buying these tickets in-game, players were given promotional codes which in turn allowed them to unlock a virtual 2013 Dodge Charger SRT8. The premiere of \"Fast & Furious 6\" took place on May 7, 2013, at the Empire cinema in Leicester Square, London. The film was released in the United Kingdom on May 17,","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"15608645","text":"nocturnal settings that obscured the view. View London's Matthew Turner considered that the action lacked imagination, with the London-based segments amounting to little more than a geographically inaccurate race past landmarks. \"Fast & Furious 6\" DVD was released in the United Kingdom on September 16, 2013, and in Australia on October 3, 2013. In other countries \"Fast & Furious 6\" DVD release has been confirmed for December 10, 2013. FX has purchased the rights to air the movie on its network in 2015. Following Walker's death on November 30, 2013, Universal announced that a portion of the profits from the","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"15608632","text":"trailer was released during the 2013 Super Bowl on February 3. Among the six film trailers that launched at the event, \"Fast & Furious 6\" generated widespread attention on social media, more than the other films (including \"Iron Man 3\" and \"Star Trek Into Darkness\") combined according to data collection agency Fizziology. The extended version of the trailer had been viewed over 16 million times by February 17. The trailer's success was partially attributed to the film's stars promoting the trailer on their personal social networks. The \"Fast and the Furious\" series marketing attempted to cultivate an online fan base","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"1830446","text":"also had a large car collection of about 30 cars, a portion of which he co-owned along with Roger Rodas. The collection included (but is not limited to): Roger Rodas became Walker's financial adviser in 2007 and helped to establish Reach Out Worldwide. Rodas, a pro-am racer was the CEO of Always Evolving, a Valencia high-end vehicle performance shop owned by Walker. Walker was also a close friend of his \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" co-star Tyrese Gibson. Vin Diesel considered Walker to be like a brother, both on and off screen, and affectionately called him \"Pablo\". Walker's mother referred to","title":"Paul Walker"},{"psg_id":"17304466","text":"UK Singles Chart, becoming 2 Chainz's most successful single in that country. On the week of June 8, 2013, it debuted on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 61. It peaked at number 16. The single was certified 2× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and has sold over 1,370,000 copies in the United States. We Own It (Fast & Furious) \"We Own It (Fast & Furious)\" is a song by 2 Chainz and Wiz Khalifa that appears on the \"Fast & Furious 6\" soundtrack. The song appears in the opening and end credits of the film.","title":"We Own It (Fast & Furious)"},{"psg_id":"17304465","text":"We Own It (Fast & Furious) \"We Own It (Fast & Furious)\" is a song by 2 Chainz and Wiz Khalifa that appears on the \"Fast & Furious 6\" soundtrack. The song appears in the opening and end credits of the film. The song was also included as an international bonus track on 2 Chainz' second studio album \"\". The song was used as the official theme for WWE's Royal Rumble 2014 event, as Chicago Cubs 3rd baseman Kris Bryant's walk-up song, and it was also featured on an episode of \"Parks and Recreation\". It reached number six on the","title":"We Own It (Fast & Furious)"},{"psg_id":"20242427","text":"range from a normal race to surviving a certain number of laps. In some missions, the character may need to hijack another vehicle by jumping from the top of their vehicle to the other. All the cars have health bars, and some feature nitro abilities. The game can be played with an AI partner or in local cooperative play. There is no online gameplay. The gameplay varies from having 2 separate cars, to one person manning the turret while the other drives, to one person jumping out of the car and hijacking the other. \"Fast & Furious: Showdown\" received generally","title":"Fast & Furious: Showdown"},{"psg_id":"11545129","text":"and drive off a ramp, crashing on top of the yacht. The duo manage to apprehend Verone and save Monica. With their crimes pardoned, Brian and Roman ponder on what to do next other than to settle in Miami when the former mentions starting a garage. Roman asks how they would afford that and Brian reveals that he took some of the money, as Roman also reveals that his pockets aren't empty, having taken money for himself. This film's story occurs sometime after \"Fast & Furious 6\" with a scene that was later made concurrent with events in \"Furious 7\".","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"11545119","text":"of the Furious\", which was released in April 2017, starting a new trilogy of movies which will end the entire franchise. Originally the ninth movie was supposed to be released April 2019 and followed by the tenth movie in April 2021. However, Universal proceeded to start a spin-off movie with Dwayne Johnson and Jason Statham called \"Hobbs & Shaw\", which now occupies the 2019 release date. This caused tensions between Dwayne Johnson, Vin Diesel and Tyrese as it delayed the release of \"Fast & Furious 9\". Universal later announced that both films will be released back-to-back on April 2020 and","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"6236095","text":"about the finesse move of drifting, compared to going fast? And who wants to watch guys race in a parking lot? For that matter, who wants to watch guys race down a mountain, with lots of turns?\" Rob Cohen, who directed the first film of the series, was very critical of this film, saying: \"If you were to just watch \"Tokyo Drift\", you'd say 'I never want to see anything related to \"Fast & Furious\" again.'\" The \"Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\" was released on June 27, 2006. The album was released by Varèse Sarabande on June 27, 2006. Brian Tyler","title":"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift"},{"psg_id":"19063407","text":"people can test their cars on the strip, see how they match up to other vehicles, and have a good time in a safe environment. In efforts to reduce illegal street racing, this event allows for people to push their cars to the limit in a controlled environment. Race Wars (The Fast and the Furious) Race Wars is a drag racing event in the movie \"The Fast and the Furious\", which describes the underground illegal racing scene in Los Angeles, California, that character Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his team invent. Race Wars is not mentioned again until they reference","title":"Race Wars (The Fast and the Furious)"},{"psg_id":"1840299","text":"When Mia tells him that it's not going to be that simple, Brian tells her that he's got time. This ending was released in the collection bundle DVD version. The film's score was composed by music producer BT, mixing electronica with hip-hop and industrial influences. Two soundtracks were released for the film. The first one features mostly hip-hop and rap music. The second one, titled \"More Fast and Furious\", features alternative metal, post-grunge and nu metal songs, as well as select tracks from BT's score. \"The Fast and the Furious\" was released on June 22, 2001 in North America and","title":"The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)"},{"psg_id":"1840284","text":"arose following the publishing of a \"Vibe\" magazine article in 1998 titled \"Racer X\", which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City. Production began in 2000, as part of an international co-production between the United States and Germany, and is set and filmed across California. It was funded and released by Universal Pictures. Upon its release on June 22, 2001, \"The Fast and the Furious\" grossed $207 million from a $38 million budget. It was also re-released on June 22, 2016, to commemorate the film's fifteenth anniversary. \"The Fast and the Furious\" soon launched a franchise","title":"The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)"},{"psg_id":"2436158","text":"to direct. \"It was after that film that I decided to become a director.\" Corman also said that Dorothy Malone \"had left her agent and, having no work, accepted a part for next to nothing.\" Film critic Leonard Maltin dismissed \"The Fast and the Furious\" as laboured by \"... uninspired romantic interludes and cops-on-the-chase sequences ...\" CEA Film called the film, \"a modest second feature.\" Producer Neal H. Moritz and Universal Pictures licensed the title for 2001's \"The Fast and the Furious\". Moritz had difficulty choosing between proposed titles \"Racer X\", \"Redline\", \"Race Wars\", and \"Street Wars\", and was inspired","title":"The Fast and the Furious (1955 film)"},{"psg_id":"15608620","text":"villain, Jah. On February 15, 2012, Johnson confirmed that \"Fast Six\" would begin filming in May 2012, with some of the production to take place in the United Kingdom and Germany. Johnson stated that the two intended sequels would no longer be filmed simultaneously because of weather issues in filming locations, and that production on \"Fast Seven\" would only begin after the completion of \"Fast Six\". However, filming did not officially begin until July 30, 2012. In February 2013, it was confirmed that the film would be titled \"Fast & Furious 6\". Filming began on July 30, 2012, in London,","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"2436115","text":"ponder on what to do next in Miami, with the former suggesting starting a garage. They are revealed to have taken some of Verone's money for themselves. Producer Neal H. Moritz makes a cameo appearance as a police officer during a chase scene. Plans to make a sequel came about after the box office success of \"The Fast and the Furious\", which grossed over $200 million worldwide. John Singleton had seen the first film and was awed by it, saying: \"When I saw \"The Fast and the Furious\", I was like, 'Damn, why didn't I think of that?' Growing up","title":"2 Fast 2 Furious"},{"psg_id":"20684149","text":"nefarious crime organization bent on world domination.\" On April 23, 2018, it was announced that Netflix had given the production a series order. Executive producers are set to include Tim Hedrick, Bret Haaland, Vin Diesel, Neal Moritz, and Chris Morgan. Hedrick and Haaland are also expected to act as showrunners. Productions companies involved with the series include DreamWorks Animation. The series comes after the acquisition of DreamWorks Animation by NBCUniversal which includes a first look at DreamWorks Animation animated series based on Universal Pictures film properties. Fast & Furious: Spy Racers Fast & Furious: Spy Racers is an upcoming American","title":"Fast & Furious: Spy Racers"},{"psg_id":"11544777","text":"Furious\" is the first true sequel of the bunch. By reuniting the two male stars from the original and...continuing the story from the first film, this new film should re-ignite the franchise.\" Betsy Sharkey of the \"Los Angeles Times\" gave it a positive review, providing viewers were car fans, writing, \"If you're a lover of stomach-clenching speed that turns the world into a neon blur...then \"Fast & Furious\", the fourth edition of that metal-twisting series, should leave you exhausted and satiated for a very long time.\" Roger Ebert, who gave positive reviews to the previous films, gave an unfavorable review","title":"Fast & Furious (2009 film)"},{"psg_id":"9225654","text":"career with Toyota Supra(Counterpart to NSX in NTSC). There are also some American cars such as the Chevrolet Corvette Z06 and the Shelby GT500. In 2003, an anticipated game with the same name was being developed and then cancelled. The promotional trailer is included as one of the bonus features in the \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" DVD. The two games were developed by two different developers however (the 2003 cancelled game by Genki; the 2006 released game by Eutechnyx), and besides their tie to the \"Fast and Furious\" franchise, they were not related in any way. The game was met","title":"The Fast and the Furious (2006 video game)"},{"psg_id":"17261262","text":"it has to be as good as or better [than \"Furious 7\"]\". At the 2015 CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Diesel announced the film for an April 14, 2017 release date. On August 16, 2015, at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards (where \"Furious 7\" received the award for Choice Movie – Action and Walker received the award for Choice Movie Actor – Action), Diesel gave the film the initial title \"Fast 8\". In September 2015, Diesel stated that the script had almost been completed, and expressed interest in Rob Cohen, who directed the first film, to direct the eighth installment. On","title":"Furious 7"},{"psg_id":"16969149","text":"Furious (play) Furious is an Australian play script by Michael Gow, first performed in 1991. The play centers on family secrets, betrayal, and the exploration of the age of consent for homosexual males. Of the play, the Sydney Morning Herald praised it saying \"its intensity and energy, it was as if Gow had captured an emotional state and hurled it like a thunderbolt upon the stage for us all to see\". In her book \"The Body in the Library\", Leigh Dale comments that the play \"stages a gothicized and problematical version of the trope of the liberation of the insane\".","title":"Furious (play)"},{"psg_id":"16969148","text":"Furious (play) Furious is an Australian play script by Michael Gow, first performed in 1991. The play centers on family secrets, betrayal, and the exploration of the age of consent for homosexual males. Of the play, the Sydney Morning Herald praised it saying \"its intensity and energy, it was as if Gow had captured an emotional state and hurled it like a thunderbolt upon the stage for us all to see\". In her book \"The Body in the Library\", Leigh Dale comments that the play \"stages a gothicized and problematical version of the trope of the liberation of the insane\".","title":"Furious (play)"},{"psg_id":"15608646","text":"film's North American sales would be donated to Walker's charity Reach Out WorldWide. Lucas Vidal composed the musical score for \"Fast & Furious 6\". In addition to Vidal's score, tracks by composer Brian Tyler from the franchise's previous installments are also featured in the film. A soundtrack album to the film was released by Def Jam Recordings on May 21, 2013. It features many electronic and hip hop tracks, including songs by deadmau5, Ludacris (who played Tej Parker), and many others. A cooperative racing video game, titled \"\", was released on May 21, 2013. Developed by Firebrand Games and published","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"20183151","text":"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious) (song) \"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious)\" is a single by Japanese hip hop group Teriyaki Boyz. It features on the 2006 film \"\" as the main theme and also features at the end credits. Critics describes the song as the Teriyaki Boyz's most popular song. The song also appears in the band's second album \"Serious Japanese\". The song is written by the band member Verbal, Wise, Ilmari and was produced by Pharrell's The Neptunes. The song can also be heard in the 2006 movie when the cars are racing. The song received positive reviews from","title":"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious) (song)"},{"psg_id":"20183152","text":"critics. Unfortunately when the song was released, the Japan Hot 100 had not been created yet[citation needed], so it didn't chart in Japan, but it was certified Gold by RIAJ, which is Teriyaki Boyz's only certified single to date. Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious) (song) \"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious)\" is a single by Japanese hip hop group Teriyaki Boyz. It features on the 2006 film \"\" as the main theme and also features at the end credits. Critics describes the song as the Teriyaki Boyz's most popular song. The song also appears in the band's second album \"Serious Japanese\".","title":"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious) (song)"},{"psg_id":"15608629","text":"aircraft during takeoff was conceived by Lin while producing \"Fast & Furious\" in 2009. At the time, the stunt was too expensive to film and did not fit into that film's story, but Lin commissioned digital pre-visualization artists to develop a mock-up of the idea. He attempted to revive the concept for \"Fast Five\" but the technology available proved insufficient and it still did not organically fit into the story. Filming the climactic scene practically was considered unfeasible as it involved throwing tanks through the air and having cars race alongside the moving aeroplane at 100 miles per hour. Lin","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"15608643","text":"performances and flat comic repartee. IndieWire said that the film forsakes realistic set-pieces (comparing it to the 2012 superhero film \"The Avengers\"), which undermined any attempts at creating tension. \"Empire\"s Owen Williams noted that \"Fast & Furious 6\" lacked the same surprise as \"Fast Five\" without Johnson's antagonist Hobbs, and suggested that the large cast of returning characters had made Evans' Owen Shaw unable to make an impression as the new villain. Scenes of dialog and character progression were criticized as slow, and laughably bad. Evans' Owen Shaw was repeatedly singled out as a refreshing and charismatic addition to the","title":"Fast & Furious 6"},{"psg_id":"11545137","text":"Diesel announced the ninth film and tenth film would be released on April 10, 2020, and April 2, 2021, respectively, and that the tenth film would serve as the final film in the series. Justin Lin is reportedly in line to direct the ninth installment. It was also announced that Jordana Brewster would return for the ninth installment. In May 2018, Daniel Casey from \"Kin\", was announced to write a screenplay for the ninth film, making it the first film in the franchise since \"2 Fast 2 Furious\" without long-time screenwriter Chris Morgan. Filming will begin in April 2019 in","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"11545147","text":"3, Wii U and Nintendo 3DS. Various cars, locations and characters from the series have also appeared in the Facebook game \"Car Town\". In 2015, in a deal with Microsoft Studios, a standalone expansion of \"Forza Horizon 2\" for Xbox One and Xbox 360 was released titled \"Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious\". Racing Champions released diecast metal replicas of the film's cars in different scales from 1/18 to 1/64. RadioShack sold ZipZaps micro RC versions of the cars in 2002. 1/24 scale plastic model kits of the hero cars were manufactured by AMT Ertl. Johnny Lightning, under the","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"11545138","text":"Atlanta, Georgia and Boston, Massachusetts. Vin Diesel announced in an interview with \"Variety\" that potential spin-offs were in the early stages of development. A spin-off film centered around Luke Hobbs and Deckard Shaw was announced by Universal and set with a release date of July 26, 2019, with \"Variety\" reporting that Shane Black was being considered to direct and Morgan returning to write the script. The announcement of the spin-off provoked a response on Instagram by Tyrese Gibson, criticizing Johnson for causing the ninth \"Fast & Furious\" film to be delayed for another year. On October 23, 2017, Dwayne Johnson","title":"The Fast and the Furious"},{"psg_id":"11545145","text":"stunt drivers, pyrotechnics and projection mapping. The show had two preview shows on January 11–12, 2018 at Liverpool's Echo Arena. It officially began its tour at London's The O2 Arena on January 19, 2018, followed by a worldwide tour until later in 2018. On March 1, 2018, it was revealed on the tour's website that five new dates had been released for September. The following list is sourced from the tour's website. The film series has spawned several racing video games for various systems. The arcade game \"The Fast and the Furious\" (known as \"Wild Speed\" in Japan) was released","title":"The Fast and the Furious"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608649\",\n \"text\": \"postponed to April 3, 2015. Fast & Furious 6 Fast & Furious 6 (alternatively known as Furious 6 or Fast Six) is a 2013 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the sixth installment in \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Tyrese Gibson, Chris \\\"Ludacris\\\" Bridges, Sung Kang, Luke Evans, Gina Carano, Gal Gadot, and John Ortiz. \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" follows a professional criminal gang led by Dominic Toretto (Diesel) who have retired following their successful heist in \\\"Fast\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608605\",\n \"text\": \"Fast & Furious 6 Fast & Furious 6 (alternatively known as Furious 6 or Fast Six) is a 2013 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the sixth installment in \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise. The film stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Tyrese Gibson, Chris \\\"Ludacris\\\" Bridges, Sung Kang, Luke Evans, Gina Carano, Gal Gadot, and John Ortiz. \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" follows a professional criminal gang led by Dominic Toretto (Diesel) who have retired following their successful heist in \\\"Fast Five\\\" (2011), but remain wanted\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2436125\",\n \"text\": \"Singleton's direction. The film received two Razzie Award nominations including Worst Remake or Sequel and Worst Excuse for an Actual Movie (All Concept/No Content). 2 Fast 2 Furious 2 Fast 2 Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 2 or Fast & Furious 2) is a 2003 American action thriller film directed by John Singleton, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas. It is the second installment in \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise, and a standalone sequel to \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" (2001). The film stars Paul Walker, Tyrese Gibson,\",\n \"title\": \"2 Fast 2 Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11544781\",\n \"text\": \"Morgan wrote the screenplay. It was released in April 2011. Fast & Furious (2009 film) Fast & Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 4, or Fast & Furious 4) is a 2009 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the fourth installment of \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise. The film, which stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, and Jordana Brewster, is set between the second and installments and bridges from the first film into a present-day setting, with main members of the original cast reprising their roles. Originally\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious (2009 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11544759\",\n \"text\": \"Fast & Furious (2009 film) Fast & Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 4, or Fast & Furious 4) is a 2009 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the fourth installment of \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise. The film, which stars Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, and Jordana Brewster, is set between the second and installments and bridges from the first film into a present-day setting, with main members of the original cast reprising their roles. Originally released on April 3, 2009, it received negative reviews upon\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious (2009 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608648\",\n \"text\": \"Android devices. The story of \\\"Fast & Furious 6: The Game\\\" runs parallel to that of \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\", allowing players to race and customize vehicles alongside characters from the film. A sequel, titled \\\"Furious 7\\\", was announced in April 2013. Lin would not return to direct the sequel as Universal pursued an accelerated schedule for the film, with a release date scheduled for July 11, 2014, just over a year after the release of \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\". Lin was replaced by director James Wan that same month. After the death of Paul Walker, the release date was\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11544780\",\n \"text\": \"theatrical release on July 2, 2009 with a gross of $155,064,265 in the United States and $208,100,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $363,164,265 (making it the fifth most successful film in the franchise behind \\\"Furious 7\\\", \\\"The Fate of the Furious\\\", \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\", and \\\"Fast Five\\\"). It is also the 17th highest-grossing film of 2009 and the fifth highest film of 2009 to gross $300 million worldwide behind \\\"Star Trek\\\", \\\"Monsters vs. Aliens\\\", \\\"\\\", and \\\"Terminator Salvation\\\". Vin Diesel and Paul Walker reunited for a \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" sequel, entitled \\\"Fast Five\\\". Justin Lin directed, while Chris\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious (2009 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545112\",\n \"text\": \"in Los Angeles and Walker's character playing a cop who infiltrates the illegal racing world. Walker signed on immediately but the producers decided to give him a strong supporting co-star and were impressed with Vin Diesel after watching \\\"Pitch Black\\\". The film was titled \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" and it exceeded box office expectations which led Universal Pictures in developing a sequel with Paul Walker again as the lead. However, they had trouble re-signing Vin Diesel for the sequel as his star power had grown and he and director Rob Cohen left the series to develop the \\\"xXx\\\" film.\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545115\",\n \"text\": \"successful but critically loathed \\\"The Pacifier\\\" and wanted to reinvigorate his career through the new \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" movie. Vin Diesel, Universal and Justin Lin tracked down all the original co-stars of the first movie including Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, and Jordana Brewster to convince them to return to the franchise. Paul Walker was initially reluctant to rejoin the franchise after six years but Vin Diesel assured him that this will be the first true sequel. The popular character of Han was also brought back and given his death in the third movie, the entire timeline of the franchise was\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6236077\",\n \"text\": \"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 3 or Tokyo Drift) is a 2006 American-German action film directed by Justin Lin, produced by Neal H. Moritz, and written by Chris Morgan. It is the third installment in \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise and stars Lucas Black, Bow Wow, and Nathalie Kelly. The film follows car enthusiast Sean Boswell, who is sent to live in Tokyo with his father, before finding solace viewing and competing in the drifting community within the city. This film does not retain\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545118\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Walker in a car accident in November 2013 while half way filming \\\"Furious 7\\\" forced Universal to major re-shoots, script changes, hiring Weta Digital to use CGI to create Paul's likeness and ultimately delayed releasing the movie from July 2014 to April 2015. \\\"Furious 7\\\" was the most successful film in the franchise and producers decided to retire the Paul Walker character instead of killing him off. However, the toll of directing the movie with additional re-shoots forced Director James Wan not to return to the franchise. F. Gary Gray stepped in to helm the eighth movie, \\\"The Fate\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545113\",\n \"text\": \"John Singleton was brought in as the new director, and Tyrese Gibson as Walker's new co-star and shifted the production to Miami. \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\" cost more to produce but was less financially successful than the original. For the third movie, \\\"\\\", Paul Walker left the franchise citing politics, studio interference and regime decision. Universal then approached Vin Diesel but he was busy with the other movies. Since neither of the stars agreed to appear in the movie, Universal rebooted the franchise with new characters, a new director, Justin Lin, moving the series to Tokyo and shifting away from\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2436118\",\n \"text\": \"sequels in the '80s and '90s, when they would drum up a new story unrelated for the most part, and slap the same name on it.\\\" However, Diesel reflected on his decision in a July 2014 report from Uproxx, saying: \\\"I would've said, 'Don't walk away from it just because the script sucked in \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\" because there's an obligation to the audience to fight, no matter what, to make that film as good as possible.' ( ... ) I might have had a little bit more patience or belief in the long-term of it.\\\" Paul Walker, who\",\n \"title\": \"2 Fast 2 Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2436124\",\n \"text\": \"brain cells\\\". Metacritic assessed, based on 35 critics, a weighted average score of 38 out of 100, indicating \\\"generally unfavorable reviews\\\" among the sampled critics. Roger Ebert of the \\\"Chicago Sun-Times\\\" gave the film 3/4 and said, \\\"It doesn't have a brain in its head, but it's made with skill and style and, boy, it is fast and furious.\\\" The film is considered by some as the most underrated movie of the \\\"Fast and Furious\\\" franchise. Derek Lawrence of the \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" called it \\\"the forgotten Fast and Furious gem\\\" and praised the chemistry between Walker and Gibson and John\",\n \"title\": \"2 Fast 2 Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545146\",\n \"text\": \"by Raw Thrills in 2004. In 2006, the video game \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" was released for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Several games (\\\"The Fast and the Furious: Pink Slip\\\", \\\"Fast & Furious\\\", \\\"Fast Five\\\", \\\"Fast & Furious: Adrenaline\\\", \\\"Fast & Furious 6: The Game\\\" and \\\"Fast & Furious Legacy\\\") have all been released for iOS and are available on the iTunes App Store; for Android devices there is an official version of \\\"Fast & Furious 6: The Game\\\" and \\\"Fast & Furious Legacy\\\". In 2013, \\\"\\\" was released for the PC (Windows OS), Xbox 360, PlayStation\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14469932\",\n \"text\": \"More Fast and Furious More Fast and Furious: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture The Fast and the Furious is the second of two soundtracks for the film \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\". It was originally released on December 18, 2001, by Island Records. In contrast to the hip hop-oriented first soundtrack, this album contains alternative metal and nu metal songs, as well as selected tracks from the film score composed by BT. The following songs are featured in the film or its promotional material but not on any of its soundtrack albums: The album was criticized by\",\n \"title\": \"More Fast and Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14469933\",\n \"text\": \"listeners for its use of copy-protection software, which rendered it unplayable not only on computers with CD-ROM drives, but also on regular CD players and other CD-based devices. More Fast and Furious More Fast and Furious: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture The Fast and the Furious is the second of two soundtracks for the film \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\". It was originally released on December 18, 2001, by Island Records. In contrast to the hip hop-oriented first soundtrack, this album contains alternative metal and nu metal songs, as well as selected tracks from the film score\",\n \"title\": \"More Fast and Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2436122\",\n \"text\": \"have a driver's license or any driving experience prior to the film's production, and took driving lessons during filming; she drove a pink 2001 Honda S2000 AP1 in the film. Gibson drove a convertible Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder, while Michael Ealy drove a Toyota Supra Turbo MkIV model JZA80 that had been re-used by Walker in \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\". The musical score was composed by David Arnold. The soundtrack was released on May 27, 2003 on Def Jam Recordings, the same record label that Ludacris was signed to. \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\" earned $50,472,480 in its U.S. opening in\",\n \"title\": \"2 Fast 2 Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11831708\",\n \"text\": \"he killed Jerry because she knew too much. Fast and Furious (1939 film) Fast and Furious is a 1939 American mystery comedy film directed by Busby Berkeley. The film stars Franchot Tone and Ann Sothern as Joel and Garda Sloane, a crime-solving married couple who are also rare book dealers. It is the last of a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer trilogy, along with \\\"Fast Company\\\" (1938) and \\\"Fast and Loose\\\" (1939). However, different actors played the couple each time. Joel and Garda Sloane, a husband and wife sleuthing duo, sell rare books in New York and dream of taking a vacation to escape\",\n \"title\": \"Fast and Furious (1939 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11831703\",\n \"text\": \"Fast and Furious (1939 film) Fast and Furious is a 1939 American mystery comedy film directed by Busby Berkeley. The film stars Franchot Tone and Ann Sothern as Joel and Garda Sloane, a crime-solving married couple who are also rare book dealers. It is the last of a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer trilogy, along with \\\"Fast Company\\\" (1938) and \\\"Fast and Loose\\\" (1939). However, different actors played the couple each time. Joel and Garda Sloane, a husband and wife sleuthing duo, sell rare books in New York and dream of taking a vacation to escape the sweltering heat of the city. Joel decides\",\n \"title\": \"Fast and Furious (1939 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545110\",\n \"text\": \"The Fast and the Furious The Fast and the Furious (colloquial: Fast & Furious) is an American media franchise based on a series of action films that is largely concerned with illegal street racing, heists and espionage, and includes material in various other media that depicts characters and situations from the films. Distributed by Universal Pictures, the series was established with the 2001 film titled \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\"; this was followed by seven sequels, two short films that tie into the series, and as of May 2017, it has become Universal's biggest franchise of all time, currently the\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1830440\",\n \"text\": \"completely game for it.\\\" Walker starred in the independent film \\\"The Lazarus Project\\\", which was released on DVD on October 21, 2008. He subsequently returned to \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise, reprising his role in \\\"Fast & Furious\\\", which was released on April 3, 2009. Walker then appeared in the crime drama \\\"Takers\\\", which began filming in September 2008 and was released in August 2010. The Coty Prestige fragrance brand Davidoff Cool Water for Men announced in January 2011 that Walker was going to be the new face of the brand as of July 2011. He reprised his role\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20242425\",\n \"text\": \"Fast & Furious: Showdown Fast & Furious: Showdown is a cooperative racing video game developed by Firebrand Games. It was published by Activision for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and Microsoft Windows. The game is based on \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" series, and bridges the story between the movies \\\"Fast Five\\\" and \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\". The player takes control of many of the major The Fast and the Furious characters, except for the noticeably absent Dominic Toretto. The story begins with a cut scene featuring Monica Fuentes finding Riley Hicks digging around through files in\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious: Showdown\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545148\",\n \"text\": \"JL Full Throttle Brand, released 1/64th and 1/24th models of the cars from Tokyo Drift. These models were designed by Diecast Hall of Fame designer Eric Tscherne. Greenlight has also sold cars from the new films in the series and some from the previous films. Hot Wheels has released 1/64 models since 2013. \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise was filmed in a number of countries including: Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and the United States. The Fast and the Furious The Fast and the Furious (colloquial: Fast\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20242428\",\n \"text\": \"negative reviews from critics. \\\"IGN\\\" editor Marty Sliva said that the game \\\"seemed to actively try to persuade me to stop playing before I reached the finish line.\\\" Alex V from New Game Network was less hard on the game and said that \\\"\\\"Fast and Furious: Showdown\\\" should only be of interest to the casual gamers who enjoy the films.\\\" Fast & Furious: Showdown Fast & Furious: Showdown is a cooperative racing video game developed by Firebrand Games. It was published by Activision for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and Microsoft Windows. The game is based on\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious: Showdown\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1840303\",\n \"text\": \"the Restless\\\" with gas fumes. \\\"The Quick and the Dead\\\" with skid marks.\\\" Paul Clinton of CNN wrote that Cohen \\\"created a high-octane, rubber-burning extravaganza\\\" but he criticized the film for \\\"plot holes you could drive the proverbial truck through\\\" and an idiotic ending. \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" was released on DVD on January 2, 2002. A second DVD entitled the \\\"Tricked Out Edition\\\", released on June 3, 2003, featured \\\"The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious\\\", a short film that set the tone to the film's sequel. An abridged version of the short film is also\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1830434\",\n \"text\": \"on three films at the time of his death which were released posthumously: \\\"Hours\\\" (2013), \\\"Brick Mansions\\\" (2014), and \\\"Furious 7\\\" (2015). The Wiz Khalifa song \\\"See You Again\\\", featuring Charlie Puth, was commissioned for the \\\"Furious 7\\\" soundtrack as a tribute to Walker. It was nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Original Song in 2015 and was the number-one song in the United States for 12 weeks. Walker was born in Glendale, California, and was the son of Cheryl (née Crabtree), a fashion model, and Paul William Walker III, a sewer contractor and boxer who was a two-time\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545144\",\n \"text\": \"feature length, in chronological order. Real world release dates are also noted. Universal has incorporated several theme park attractions involving the Fast & Furious franchise. Universal Studios Hollywood and its Studio Tour has featured several of the picture car vehicles. From 2006 to 2013, \\\"The Fast and the Furious: Extreme Close-Up\\\" attraction was part of the Studio Tour. On June 25, 2015, Universal Studios Hollywood allotted the final portion of their Studio Tour for the dark ride \\\"\\\". Universal Orlando opened a ride of the same name April 23, 2018. \\\"Fast & Furious Live\\\" is a live show that combines\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545132\",\n \"text\": \"against Takashi to determine who must leave Tokyo. Sean and Han's friends then build a 1967 Ford Mustang, with an inline-6 engine and other parts salvaged from Han's Silvia that Sean had destroyed. Sean wins the race and is later challenged by Dominic Toretto. \\\"Fast & Furious\\\", as well as its succeeding films, takes place before the events of \\\"The Fast and The Furious: Tokyo Drift\\\". About five years after the events of the first film, Dominic and his new crew (Letty, Han, Leo, Santos and Cara) have been hijacking fuel tankers in the Dominican Republic. When their trail gets\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18759740\",\n \"text\": \"Fast & Furious: Supercharged Fast & Furious: Supercharged is an attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Florida. The attraction is based on \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" film franchise, which features Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez and Tyrese Gibson. The Hollywood version, opened on June 25, 2015 as part of the Studio Tour. The Florida version of the ride, which opened on April 23, 2018, features Ludacris and Jordana Brewster. The ride was first announced in April 2014 for a 2015 opening at Universal Studios Hollywood. The first commercial for \\\"Fast & Furious: Supercharged\\\" was aired during Super Bowl\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious: Supercharged\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9918277\",\n \"text\": \"The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack) The Fast and the Furious is the first of two soundtracks based on the major motion picture \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\". The soundtrack reached number seven on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and number one on the Top Soundtracks. The album went platinum in 2002 in both the United States and Canada. The single released from the soundtrack is \\\"Put It on Me\\\" and \\\"Furious\\\" by Ja Rule, \\\"POV City Anthem\\\" by Cadillac Tah, Good Life (Remix) by Faith Evans and \\\"Justify My Love\\\" by Vita. The Limp Bizkit single \\\"Rollin' (Urban Assault Vehicle)\\\", which\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608636\",\n \"text\": \"2013, with the North American release on May 24. While the film is officially titled \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\", its on-screen title card displays the title as simple \\\"Furious 6\\\". \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" earned $239 million in North America and $550 million elsewhere for a worldwide total of $789 million. Calculating in all expenses, \\\"Deadline Hollywood\\\" estimated that the film made a profit of $135.1 million. Worldwide, it is the sixth highest-grossing 2013 film and the fourth highest-grossing Universal film. On the weekend of June 14–16, 2013, it became the second highest-grossing film in the \\\"Fast and the Furious\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545116\",\n \"text\": \"altered so that he can be included in further sequels. The fourth movie, \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" was a financial success and Universal wanted to continue with further sequels, and \\\"Fast Five\\\" was developed which shifted the genre away from car racing and into a heist movie, added Dwayne Johnson to the cast and changed the location to Brazil. \\\"Fast Five\\\" was supposed to wrap up the franchise but given its strong box office performance and high critical praise with some calling it the best movie in the franchise, Universal proceeded to develop the sixth movie. \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" continued\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6236096\",\n \"text\": \"also partnered with music producers Pharrell Williams and Dr. Dre to help curate the soundtrack. It was followed by the \\\"Original Score\\\", which was also composed by Tyler. The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (alternatively known as Fast & Furious 3 or Tokyo Drift) is a 2006 American-German action film directed by Justin Lin, produced by Neal H. Moritz, and written by Chris Morgan. It is the third installment in \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise and stars Lucas Black, Bow Wow, and Nathalie Kelly. The film follows car enthusiast Sean Boswell,\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9918278\",\n \"text\": \"is the remix to \\\"Rollin' (Air Raid Vehicle)\\\", is also featured on the soundtrack. The song features DMX, Method Man and Redman and is produced by Swizz Beatz. The soundtrack exclusively featured artists from Irv Gotti's label The Inc. Records such as Ja Rule. The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack) The Fast and the Furious is the first of two soundtracks based on the major motion picture \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\". The soundtrack reached number seven on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 and number one on the Top Soundtracks. The album went platinum in 2002 in both the United States and\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16916873\",\n \"text\": \"Fast & Furious 6 (soundtrack) Fast & Furious 6 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\", released digitally to iTunes on May 17, 2013, and on CD on May 21, 2013 by Def Jam Recordings. It mainly features electronic and hip hop tracks. Lucas Vidal composed the musical score for \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" since Brian Tyler had other commitments with \\\"Iron Man 3\\\" and \\\"\\\". The track \\\"We Own It\\\" by 2 Chainz and Wiz Khalifa reached number six on the UK Singles Chart, becoming 2 Chainz's most successful single in that country. With\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18759749\",\n \"text\": \"what they're told to while working at the attraction as long as they avoid getting the most thumbs down. Fast & Furious: Supercharged Fast & Furious: Supercharged is an attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Florida. The attraction is based on \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" film franchise, which features Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez and Tyrese Gibson. The Hollywood version, opened on June 25, 2015 as part of the Studio Tour. The Florida version of the ride, which opened on April 23, 2018, features Ludacris and Jordana Brewster. The ride was first announced in April 2014 for a\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious: Supercharged\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16916874\",\n \"text\": \"the agreement of the record label Axtone (owned by Swedish DJ Axwell from Swedish House Mafia), the tracks \\\"Here We Go\\\" (featuring Swanky Tunes) and \\\"Quasar\\\" by Hard Rock Sofa, a Russian band of DJs, were used in the film. The Glitch Mob remix of The Prodigy's song Breathe was used in trailers leading up to the release of Fast & Furious 6. Fast & Furious 6 (soundtrack) Fast & Furious 6 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\", released digitally to iTunes on May 17, 2013, and on CD on May 21, 2013 by\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19063404\",\n \"text\": \"Race Wars (The Fast and the Furious) Race Wars is a drag racing event in the movie \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\", which describes the underground illegal racing scene in Los Angeles, California, that character Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his team invent. Race Wars is not mentioned again until they reference it in the seventh installment of the \\\"Fast and Furious\\\" franchise, \\\"Furious 7\\\". The event consists of drag races where racers compete for large amounts of cash or pink slips, while beautiful women dance around the cars and throughout the event. There is a real life event based\",\n \"title\": \"Race Wars (The Fast and the Furious)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17150230\",\n \"text\": \"The Furious and the Fast \\\"The Furious and the Fast\\\" is the seventh episode in the second season (2013) of the television series \\\"Dallas\\\". The episode marks the last appearance of J.R. Ewing (played by Larry Hagman). J.R. is in Abu Dhabi closing some oil leases. Ewing Energies has its first board meeting with its two new board members: Sue Ellen Ewing and Pamela Barnes. Christopher and Bobby tells John Ross, Sue Ellen, and Pamela that they will revoke the Mineral Rights on Southfork Ranch if they do not return Elena's assets including her shares in Ewing Energies. John Ross\",\n \"title\": \"The Furious and the Fast\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17150242\",\n \"text\": \"Cynthia Cidre's original pilot included J.R. in a relatively important role to the series, but due to contractual disputes between Hagman and TNT, she was made to rewrite the script that utilized archive footage of the titular character, as well as reducing characters Sue Ellen Ewing and Bobby Ewing to recurring characters. The Furious and the Fast \\\"The Furious and the Fast\\\" is the seventh episode in the second season (2013) of the television series \\\"Dallas\\\". The episode marks the last appearance of J.R. Ewing (played by Larry Hagman). J.R. is in Abu Dhabi closing some oil leases. Ewing Energies\",\n \"title\": \"The Furious and the Fast\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1830438\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"She's All That\\\" (1999), and \\\"The Skulls\\\" (2000). In 2001, Walker's breakthrough role arrived when he starred opposite actor Vin Diesel in the successful action film \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\", the first film in the franchise. The film established Walker as a notable film star and leading man and led to his reprise of the role in the 2003 sequel \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\". He continued his career with leading roles in films such as \\\"Joy Ride\\\" (2001), \\\"Timeline\\\" (2003)\\\", and Into the Blue\\\" (2005). He had a supporting role in Clint Eastwood's adaptation of \\\"Flags of Our Fathers\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2436153\",\n \"text\": \"The Fast and the Furious (1955 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 1955 American B movie crime film from a story written by Roger Corman and screenplay by Jean Howell and Jerome Odlum. The film stars John Ireland and Dorothy Malone. Ireland also served as the film's co-director. \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" was the first film produced for the American International Pictures company. Charged with a murder he did not commit, truck driver Frank Webster (John Ireland) has broken out of jail. While on the run, and the subject of radio news reports, he is cornered in\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious (1955 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17261210\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" (2013), until Deckard Shaw (Statham), a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his comatose younger brother, puts the team in danger once again. With the previous three installments set between \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\" (2003) and \\\"\\\" (2006), \\\"Furious 7\\\" is the first installment in the franchise to take place after \\\"Tokyo Drift\\\". The film also marks the final film appearance of Walker, who died in a single-vehicle crash on November 30, 2013 with filming only half-completed. Following Walker's death, filming was delayed for script rewrites, and his brothers, Caleb and Cody, were used as\",\n \"title\": \"Furious 7\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2436159\",\n \"text\": \"by a documentary on American International Pictures that included Corman's film. Moritz was able to trade the use of some stock footage to Corman for use of the title. The Fast and the Furious (1955 film) The Fast and the Furious is a 1955 American B movie crime film from a story written by Roger Corman and screenplay by Jean Howell and Jerome Odlum. The film stars John Ireland and Dorothy Malone. Ireland also served as the film's co-director. \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" was the first film produced for the American International Pictures company. Charged with a murder he\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious (1955 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608637\",\n \"text\": \"franchise worldwide behind Furious 7, as well as separately in North America and outside North America. Outside North America, it is the highest-grossing film in the \\\"Fast and Furious\\\" series, the second highest-grossing Universal film and the second highest-grossing 2013 film. In the United Kingdom, the film took $4.4 million during its opening day from 462 screens, the biggest opening day for both \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" franchise and Universal in that market, the second-highest opening of 2013 behind \\\"Iron Man 3\\\" ($4.7 million), and the number 1 film of the day with 54% of the market. It finished\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608647\",\n \"text\": \"by Activision for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Xbox 360 and Nintendo 3DS, the game's story ties into the events in \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\", including bridging the events between the story of the film and those of its predecessor \\\"Fast Five\\\", as well as the story of other films in the franchise. It is a \\\"Grand Theft Auto\\\"-style action game and received mainly negative reviews. A mobile game, \\\"Fast & Furious 6: The Game\\\", was developed by Exploding Barrel Games and published by studio Kabam. It was released on May 16, 2013, for iPhone, iPod touch, iPad, and\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20242426\",\n \"text\": \"her office. Riley introduces herself and states she is going to meet Luke Hobbs in 24 hours, and needs to know everything Hobbs has been up to. The missions are then events told by Monica to explain what Hobbs had been dealing with. Through this, we see various events from the movie, like the safe dragging scene from Fast Five, or the hijacking scene from Fast & Furious. The gameplay of \\\"Fast & Furious: Showdown\\\" focuses on cooperative driving and car combat. The game is centered around different missions, all centered around driving around in semi-destructible loops. These missions can\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious: Showdown\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608639\",\n \"text\": \"opened to $6.9 million, making it Universal's highest-grossing film in the territory. It earned its 66th number 1 opening, earning $23.6 million during its opening weekend, $3 million of which came from IMAX screenings. In North America, \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" debuted simultaneously with the comedy \\\"The Hangover Part III\\\" and the animated feature \\\"Epic\\\". It opened for midnight showings on May 23, 2013, in 2,409 theaters. It took $6.5 million, nearly doubling \\\"Fast Five\\\"s midnight gross ($3.8 million) which faced less direct competition. On its opening day, \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" earned $38.7 million (including midnight earnings) from 3,659\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11544772\",\n \"text\": \"to \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" was composed by Brian Tyler, who recorded his score with the Hollywood Studio Symphony at the Newman Scoring Stage at 20th Century Fox. The score album was released on CD by Varèse Sarabande Records with over 78 minutes worth of music. The trailers for the film feature the track \\\"We Are Rockstars\\\" by Does It Offend You, Yeah? and a Travis Barker-remixed version of \\\"Crank That\\\" by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em. The official soundtrack was released on March 31, 2009 on Star Trak. The first single from the soundtrack was titled \\\"Blanco\\\" and is by Pitbull\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious (2009 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608640\",\n \"text\": \"theaters. The film finished the 4-day Memorial Day weekend in first place, taking $117.0 million, which was the fourth-highest 4-day Memorial Day opening. The audience was diverse, with Latinos representing 32%, women 49%, and 57% over the age of 25. \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 69%, based on 188 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \\\"With high-octane humor and terrific action scenes, \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" builds upon the winning blockbuster formula that made \\\"Fast 5\\\" a critical and commercial\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20684148\",\n \"text\": \"Fast & Furious: Spy Racers Fast & Furious: Spy Racers is an upcoming American animated web television series based on the film series of the same name set to premiere on Netflix. The series is executive produced by Tim Hedrick, Bret Haaland, Vin Diesel, Neal Moritz, and Chris Morgan. Hedrick and Haaland are also expected to act as showrunners. \\\"Fast & Furious: Spy Racers\\\" begins as \\\"teenager Tony Toretto follows in the footsteps of his cousin Dom when he and his friends are recruited by a government agency to infiltrate an elite racing league serving as a front for a\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious: Spy Racers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545117\",\n \"text\": \"the heist genre and shifted the location to Europe and became the most financially successful film of the franchise up to that time. Universal lacked a major event movie for the following summer and quickly rushed \\\"Furious 7\\\" into production for a release in Summer 2014. Justin Lin decided not to return to direct the seventh film as he was still performing post-production on \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" and James Wan took over directorial duties. \\\"Furious 7\\\" is seen as a transitional movie which shifts the franchise from a heist to a spy action movie genre. The untimely death of\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1830442\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"District 13\\\", which was released in April 2014. At the time of his death, Walker had been filming \\\"Furious 7\\\", which was slated for release in July 2014. The film was completed by using his brothers Caleb and Cody as his body doubles/stand-ins, and CGI, and was released in April 2015. Walker was also set to play Agent 47 in the video game adaptation \\\"\\\", but died before production began. Walker lived in Santa Barbara with his dogs. He and Rebecca McBrain, a one-time girlfriend, had a daughter named Meadow Rain Walker, who lived with her mother in Hawaii for\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11544775\",\n \"text\": \"June 12, 2009, but moved it up to April 3, 2009 instead. It was the first motion-enhanced theatrical film to feature D-BOX motion feedback technology in selected theaters. \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on July 28, 2009. The DVD is a two-disc set that includes: As of July 29, 2011 the DVD has sold 3,324,117 copies generating $53,879,547 in sales revenue for a combined total of $417,043,812 including worldwide movie ticket sales. It was re-released in Australia on Blu-ray including a digital copy and re-titled \\\"Fast & Furious 4\\\" on March 30, 2011. \\\"Fast & Furious\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious (2009 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14749017\",\n \"text\": \"her role from \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\". By February 3, 2010, it was confirmed that a fifth film, referred to as \\\"Fast Five\\\", was going into production in the \\\"Fast and Furious\\\" series, and that a sixth film was being planned. It was also confirmed that Diesel, Walker, writer Chris Morgan and producer Neal H. Moritz would all return to their roles for the new installment. Moritz said that, following the success of \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" (2009), which had reunited Diesel, Brewster, Walker and Rodriguez from the original film, the production wanted to bring them back again for the next\",\n \"title\": \"Fast Five\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6236086\",\n \"text\": \"and the Furious: Tokyo Drift\\\". Lin, who wasn't intimately familiar with drifting when he was approached to helm the project, recalled: \\\"I was in film school when \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" came out, and I saw it along with a sold-out crowd who just ate it up. What really excited me about directing this film was the chance to harness that energy—create a whole new chapter and up the ante by bringing something new to the table for the audience who loves action and speed.\\\" Vin Diesel agreed to make a cameo in the film in exchange for Universal's\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608635\",\n \"text\": \"The game also featured missions and locations based on the plot of the film, and allowed players to join forces with \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" characters. REG offered players of \\\"Car Town\\\" the ability to purchase tickets in-game via Fandango for films at REG theaters. By buying these tickets in-game, players were given promotional codes which in turn allowed them to unlock a virtual 2013 Dodge Charger SRT8. The premiere of \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" took place on May 7, 2013, at the Empire cinema in Leicester Square, London. The film was released in the United Kingdom on May 17,\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608645\",\n \"text\": \"nocturnal settings that obscured the view. View London's Matthew Turner considered that the action lacked imagination, with the London-based segments amounting to little more than a geographically inaccurate race past landmarks. \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" DVD was released in the United Kingdom on September 16, 2013, and in Australia on October 3, 2013. In other countries \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" DVD release has been confirmed for December 10, 2013. FX has purchased the rights to air the movie on its network in 2015. Following Walker's death on November 30, 2013, Universal announced that a portion of the profits from the\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608632\",\n \"text\": \"trailer was released during the 2013 Super Bowl on February 3. Among the six film trailers that launched at the event, \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" generated widespread attention on social media, more than the other films (including \\\"Iron Man 3\\\" and \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\") combined according to data collection agency Fizziology. The extended version of the trailer had been viewed over 16 million times by February 17. The trailer's success was partially attributed to the film's stars promoting the trailer on their personal social networks. The \\\"Fast and the Furious\\\" series marketing attempted to cultivate an online fan base\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1830446\",\n \"text\": \"also had a large car collection of about 30 cars, a portion of which he co-owned along with Roger Rodas. The collection included (but is not limited to): Roger Rodas became Walker's financial adviser in 2007 and helped to establish Reach Out Worldwide. Rodas, a pro-am racer was the CEO of Always Evolving, a Valencia high-end vehicle performance shop owned by Walker. Walker was also a close friend of his \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\" co-star Tyrese Gibson. Vin Diesel considered Walker to be like a brother, both on and off screen, and affectionately called him \\\"Pablo\\\". Walker's mother referred to\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17304466\",\n \"text\": \"UK Singles Chart, becoming 2 Chainz's most successful single in that country. On the week of June 8, 2013, it debuted on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 at number 61. It peaked at number 16. The single was certified 2× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and has sold over 1,370,000 copies in the United States. We Own It (Fast & Furious) \\\"We Own It (Fast & Furious)\\\" is a song by 2 Chainz and Wiz Khalifa that appears on the \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" soundtrack. The song appears in the opening and end credits of the film.\",\n \"title\": \"We Own It (Fast & Furious)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17304465\",\n \"text\": \"We Own It (Fast & Furious) \\\"We Own It (Fast & Furious)\\\" is a song by 2 Chainz and Wiz Khalifa that appears on the \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" soundtrack. The song appears in the opening and end credits of the film. The song was also included as an international bonus track on 2 Chainz' second studio album \\\"\\\". The song was used as the official theme for WWE's Royal Rumble 2014 event, as Chicago Cubs 3rd baseman Kris Bryant's walk-up song, and it was also featured on an episode of \\\"Parks and Recreation\\\". It reached number six on the\",\n \"title\": \"We Own It (Fast & Furious)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20242427\",\n \"text\": \"range from a normal race to surviving a certain number of laps. In some missions, the character may need to hijack another vehicle by jumping from the top of their vehicle to the other. All the cars have health bars, and some feature nitro abilities. The game can be played with an AI partner or in local cooperative play. There is no online gameplay. The gameplay varies from having 2 separate cars, to one person manning the turret while the other drives, to one person jumping out of the car and hijacking the other. \\\"Fast & Furious: Showdown\\\" received generally\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious: Showdown\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545129\",\n \"text\": \"and drive off a ramp, crashing on top of the yacht. The duo manage to apprehend Verone and save Monica. With their crimes pardoned, Brian and Roman ponder on what to do next other than to settle in Miami when the former mentions starting a garage. Roman asks how they would afford that and Brian reveals that he took some of the money, as Roman also reveals that his pockets aren't empty, having taken money for himself. This film's story occurs sometime after \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" with a scene that was later made concurrent with events in \\\"Furious 7\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545119\",\n \"text\": \"of the Furious\\\", which was released in April 2017, starting a new trilogy of movies which will end the entire franchise. Originally the ninth movie was supposed to be released April 2019 and followed by the tenth movie in April 2021. However, Universal proceeded to start a spin-off movie with Dwayne Johnson and Jason Statham called \\\"Hobbs & Shaw\\\", which now occupies the 2019 release date. This caused tensions between Dwayne Johnson, Vin Diesel and Tyrese as it delayed the release of \\\"Fast & Furious 9\\\". Universal later announced that both films will be released back-to-back on April 2020 and\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6236095\",\n \"text\": \"about the finesse move of drifting, compared to going fast? And who wants to watch guys race in a parking lot? For that matter, who wants to watch guys race down a mountain, with lots of turns?\\\" Rob Cohen, who directed the first film of the series, was very critical of this film, saying: \\\"If you were to just watch \\\"Tokyo Drift\\\", you'd say 'I never want to see anything related to \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" again.'\\\" The \\\"Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\\\" was released on June 27, 2006. The album was released by Varèse Sarabande on June 27, 2006. Brian Tyler\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19063407\",\n \"text\": \"people can test their cars on the strip, see how they match up to other vehicles, and have a good time in a safe environment. In efforts to reduce illegal street racing, this event allows for people to push their cars to the limit in a controlled environment. Race Wars (The Fast and the Furious) Race Wars is a drag racing event in the movie \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\", which describes the underground illegal racing scene in Los Angeles, California, that character Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his team invent. Race Wars is not mentioned again until they reference\",\n \"title\": \"Race Wars (The Fast and the Furious)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1840299\",\n \"text\": \"When Mia tells him that it's not going to be that simple, Brian tells her that he's got time. This ending was released in the collection bundle DVD version. The film's score was composed by music producer BT, mixing electronica with hip-hop and industrial influences. Two soundtracks were released for the film. The first one features mostly hip-hop and rap music. The second one, titled \\\"More Fast and Furious\\\", features alternative metal, post-grunge and nu metal songs, as well as select tracks from BT's score. \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" was released on June 22, 2001 in North America and\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1840284\",\n \"text\": \"arose following the publishing of a \\\"Vibe\\\" magazine article in 1998 titled \\\"Racer X\\\", which detailed the illegal street racing circuit operating within New York City. Production began in 2000, as part of an international co-production between the United States and Germany, and is set and filmed across California. It was funded and released by Universal Pictures. Upon its release on June 22, 2001, \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" grossed $207 million from a $38 million budget. It was also re-released on June 22, 2016, to commemorate the film's fifteenth anniversary. \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" soon launched a franchise\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2436158\",\n \"text\": \"to direct. \\\"It was after that film that I decided to become a director.\\\" Corman also said that Dorothy Malone \\\"had left her agent and, having no work, accepted a part for next to nothing.\\\" Film critic Leonard Maltin dismissed \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" as laboured by \\\"... uninspired romantic interludes and cops-on-the-chase sequences ...\\\" CEA Film called the film, \\\"a modest second feature.\\\" Producer Neal H. Moritz and Universal Pictures licensed the title for 2001's \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\". Moritz had difficulty choosing between proposed titles \\\"Racer X\\\", \\\"Redline\\\", \\\"Race Wars\\\", and \\\"Street Wars\\\", and was inspired\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious (1955 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608620\",\n \"text\": \"villain, Jah. On February 15, 2012, Johnson confirmed that \\\"Fast Six\\\" would begin filming in May 2012, with some of the production to take place in the United Kingdom and Germany. Johnson stated that the two intended sequels would no longer be filmed simultaneously because of weather issues in filming locations, and that production on \\\"Fast Seven\\\" would only begin after the completion of \\\"Fast Six\\\". However, filming did not officially begin until July 30, 2012. In February 2013, it was confirmed that the film would be titled \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\". Filming began on July 30, 2012, in London,\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2436115\",\n \"text\": \"ponder on what to do next in Miami, with the former suggesting starting a garage. They are revealed to have taken some of Verone's money for themselves. Producer Neal H. Moritz makes a cameo appearance as a police officer during a chase scene. Plans to make a sequel came about after the box office success of \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\", which grossed over $200 million worldwide. John Singleton had seen the first film and was awed by it, saying: \\\"When I saw \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\", I was like, 'Damn, why didn't I think of that?' Growing up\",\n \"title\": \"2 Fast 2 Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20684149\",\n \"text\": \"nefarious crime organization bent on world domination.\\\" On April 23, 2018, it was announced that Netflix had given the production a series order. Executive producers are set to include Tim Hedrick, Bret Haaland, Vin Diesel, Neal Moritz, and Chris Morgan. Hedrick and Haaland are also expected to act as showrunners. Productions companies involved with the series include DreamWorks Animation. The series comes after the acquisition of DreamWorks Animation by NBCUniversal which includes a first look at DreamWorks Animation animated series based on Universal Pictures film properties. Fast & Furious: Spy Racers Fast & Furious: Spy Racers is an upcoming American\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious: Spy Racers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11544777\",\n \"text\": \"Furious\\\" is the first true sequel of the bunch. By reuniting the two male stars from the original and...continuing the story from the first film, this new film should re-ignite the franchise.\\\" Betsy Sharkey of the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" gave it a positive review, providing viewers were car fans, writing, \\\"If you're a lover of stomach-clenching speed that turns the world into a neon blur...then \\\"Fast & Furious\\\", the fourth edition of that metal-twisting series, should leave you exhausted and satiated for a very long time.\\\" Roger Ebert, who gave positive reviews to the previous films, gave an unfavorable review\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious (2009 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9225654\",\n \"text\": \"career with Toyota Supra(Counterpart to NSX in NTSC). There are also some American cars such as the Chevrolet Corvette Z06 and the Shelby GT500. In 2003, an anticipated game with the same name was being developed and then cancelled. The promotional trailer is included as one of the bonus features in the \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\" DVD. The two games were developed by two different developers however (the 2003 cancelled game by Genki; the 2006 released game by Eutechnyx), and besides their tie to the \\\"Fast and Furious\\\" franchise, they were not related in any way. The game was met\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious (2006 video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17261262\",\n \"text\": \"it has to be as good as or better [than \\\"Furious 7\\\"]\\\". At the 2015 CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Diesel announced the film for an April 14, 2017 release date. On August 16, 2015, at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards (where \\\"Furious 7\\\" received the award for Choice Movie – Action and Walker received the award for Choice Movie Actor – Action), Diesel gave the film the initial title \\\"Fast 8\\\". In September 2015, Diesel stated that the script had almost been completed, and expressed interest in Rob Cohen, who directed the first film, to direct the eighth installment. On\",\n \"title\": \"Furious 7\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16969149\",\n \"text\": \"Furious (play) Furious is an Australian play script by Michael Gow, first performed in 1991. The play centers on family secrets, betrayal, and the exploration of the age of consent for homosexual males. Of the play, the Sydney Morning Herald praised it saying \\\"its intensity and energy, it was as if Gow had captured an emotional state and hurled it like a thunderbolt upon the stage for us all to see\\\". In her book \\\"The Body in the Library\\\", Leigh Dale comments that the play \\\"stages a gothicized and problematical version of the trope of the liberation of the insane\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Furious (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16969148\",\n \"text\": \"Furious (play) Furious is an Australian play script by Michael Gow, first performed in 1991. The play centers on family secrets, betrayal, and the exploration of the age of consent for homosexual males. Of the play, the Sydney Morning Herald praised it saying \\\"its intensity and energy, it was as if Gow had captured an emotional state and hurled it like a thunderbolt upon the stage for us all to see\\\". In her book \\\"The Body in the Library\\\", Leigh Dale comments that the play \\\"stages a gothicized and problematical version of the trope of the liberation of the insane\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Furious (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608646\",\n \"text\": \"film's North American sales would be donated to Walker's charity Reach Out WorldWide. Lucas Vidal composed the musical score for \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\". In addition to Vidal's score, tracks by composer Brian Tyler from the franchise's previous installments are also featured in the film. A soundtrack album to the film was released by Def Jam Recordings on May 21, 2013. It features many electronic and hip hop tracks, including songs by deadmau5, Ludacris (who played Tej Parker), and many others. A cooperative racing video game, titled \\\"\\\", was released on May 21, 2013. Developed by Firebrand Games and published\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20183151\",\n \"text\": \"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious) (song) \\\"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious)\\\" is a single by Japanese hip hop group Teriyaki Boyz. It features on the 2006 film \\\"\\\" as the main theme and also features at the end credits. Critics describes the song as the Teriyaki Boyz's most popular song. The song also appears in the band's second album \\\"Serious Japanese\\\". The song is written by the band member Verbal, Wise, Ilmari and was produced by Pharrell's The Neptunes. The song can also be heard in the 2006 movie when the cars are racing. The song received positive reviews from\",\n \"title\": \"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious) (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20183152\",\n \"text\": \"critics. Unfortunately when the song was released, the Japan Hot 100 had not been created yet[citation needed], so it didn't chart in Japan, but it was certified Gold by RIAJ, which is Teriyaki Boyz's only certified single to date. Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious) (song) \\\"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious)\\\" is a single by Japanese hip hop group Teriyaki Boyz. It features on the 2006 film \\\"\\\" as the main theme and also features at the end credits. Critics describes the song as the Teriyaki Boyz's most popular song. The song also appears in the band's second album \\\"Serious Japanese\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious) (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608629\",\n \"text\": \"aircraft during takeoff was conceived by Lin while producing \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" in 2009. At the time, the stunt was too expensive to film and did not fit into that film's story, but Lin commissioned digital pre-visualization artists to develop a mock-up of the idea. He attempted to revive the concept for \\\"Fast Five\\\" but the technology available proved insufficient and it still did not organically fit into the story. Filming the climactic scene practically was considered unfeasible as it involved throwing tanks through the air and having cars race alongside the moving aeroplane at 100 miles per hour. Lin\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15608643\",\n \"text\": \"performances and flat comic repartee. IndieWire said that the film forsakes realistic set-pieces (comparing it to the 2012 superhero film \\\"The Avengers\\\"), which undermined any attempts at creating tension. \\\"Empire\\\"s Owen Williams noted that \\\"Fast & Furious 6\\\" lacked the same surprise as \\\"Fast Five\\\" without Johnson's antagonist Hobbs, and suggested that the large cast of returning characters had made Evans' Owen Shaw unable to make an impression as the new villain. Scenes of dialog and character progression were criticized as slow, and laughably bad. Evans' Owen Shaw was repeatedly singled out as a refreshing and charismatic addition to the\",\n \"title\": \"Fast & Furious 6\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545137\",\n \"text\": \"Diesel announced the ninth film and tenth film would be released on April 10, 2020, and April 2, 2021, respectively, and that the tenth film would serve as the final film in the series. Justin Lin is reportedly in line to direct the ninth installment. It was also announced that Jordana Brewster would return for the ninth installment. In May 2018, Daniel Casey from \\\"Kin\\\", was announced to write a screenplay for the ninth film, making it the first film in the franchise since \\\"2 Fast 2 Furious\\\" without long-time screenwriter Chris Morgan. Filming will begin in April 2019 in\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545147\",\n \"text\": \"3, Wii U and Nintendo 3DS. Various cars, locations and characters from the series have also appeared in the Facebook game \\\"Car Town\\\". In 2015, in a deal with Microsoft Studios, a standalone expansion of \\\"Forza Horizon 2\\\" for Xbox One and Xbox 360 was released titled \\\"Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious\\\". Racing Champions released diecast metal replicas of the film's cars in different scales from 1/18 to 1/64. RadioShack sold ZipZaps micro RC versions of the cars in 2002. 1/24 scale plastic model kits of the hero cars were manufactured by AMT Ertl. Johnny Lightning, under the\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545138\",\n \"text\": \"Atlanta, Georgia and Boston, Massachusetts. Vin Diesel announced in an interview with \\\"Variety\\\" that potential spin-offs were in the early stages of development. A spin-off film centered around Luke Hobbs and Deckard Shaw was announced by Universal and set with a release date of July 26, 2019, with \\\"Variety\\\" reporting that Shane Black was being considered to direct and Morgan returning to write the script. The announcement of the spin-off provoked a response on Instagram by Tyrese Gibson, criticizing Johnson for causing the ninth \\\"Fast & Furious\\\" film to be delayed for another year. On October 23, 2017, Dwayne Johnson\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11545145\",\n \"text\": \"stunt drivers, pyrotechnics and projection mapping. The show had two preview shows on January 11–12, 2018 at Liverpool's Echo Arena. It officially began its tour at London's The O2 Arena on January 19, 2018, followed by a worldwide tour until later in 2018. On March 1, 2018, it was revealed on the tour's website that five new dates had been released for September. The following list is sourced from the tour's website. The film series has spawned several racing video games for various systems. The arcade game \\\"The Fast and the Furious\\\" (known as \\\"Wild Speed\\\" in Japan) was released\",\n \"title\": \"The Fast and the Furious\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["brian o'conner"],"string":"[\n \"brian o'conner\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2187,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was the vice president during george w bush?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3705447","text":"Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration The foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 2001 to 2009 while George W. Bush was president. Bush's main foreign policy advisors were Secretaries of State Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice, National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley, and Vice President Dick Cheney. Interactions with foreign nations during this period included diplomatic and military initiatives in the Middle East, Europe, Africa, and other regions, during a time of great challenge and change. Substantial geopolitical developments that occurred during Bush's presidency include the 9/11 terrorist","title":"Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3705447\",\n \"text\": \"Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration The foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 2001 to 2009 while George W. Bush was president. Bush's main foreign policy advisors were Secretaries of State Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice, National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley, and Vice President Dick Cheney. Interactions with foreign nations during this period included diplomatic and military initiatives in the Middle East, Europe, Africa, and other regions, during a time of great challenge and change. Substantial geopolitical developments that occurred during Bush's presidency include the 9/11 terrorist\",\n \"title\": \"Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"150882","text":"George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924November 30, 2018) was an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. Prior to assuming the presidency, Bush served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. As a member of the Republican Party, he had previously been a congressman, ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence. During his career in public service, he was known simply as George Bush, but after his son George W. Bush became the 43rd president in 2001, he was referred to","title":"George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"1549454","text":"Presidency of George W. Bush The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican, took office following a very close victory over Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore in the 2000 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2004 election, he defeated Democrat John Kerry to win re-election. Bush, the 43rd President, is the eldest son of the 41st President, George H. W. Bush. He was succeeded by Democrat Barack Obama, who","title":"Presidency of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"12942077","text":"for Jesus '88 rally. The record would stand until the day of the National Victory Celebration in 1991. Inauguration of George H. W. Bush The Inauguration of George H. W. Bush as the 41st President of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1989. The inauguration marked the commencement of the four-year term of George H. W. Bush as President and Dan Quayle as Vice President. Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the presidential oath of office to Bush and Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor administered the vice presidential oath of office to Quayle. The event helped Metrorail set","title":"Inauguration of George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"12942076","text":"Inauguration of George H. W. Bush The Inauguration of George H. W. Bush as the 41st President of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1989. The inauguration marked the commencement of the four-year term of George H. W. Bush as President and Dan Quayle as Vice President. Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the presidential oath of office to Bush and Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor administered the vice presidential oath of office to Quayle. The event helped Metrorail set a single-day record of 604,089 trips, breaking the record of 565,000 set the spring before by the Washington","title":"Inauguration of George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"1549548","text":"by the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. President Bush's place in U.S. history will be debated and reconsidered for many years to come. Academic Reflections on the Bush presidency Primary sources Presidency of George W. Bush The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican, took office following a very close victory over Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore in the 2000 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2004 election, he","title":"Presidency of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"6666597","text":"before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election. Bush was elected President of the United States in 2000 when he defeated Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore after a close and controversial win that involved a stopped recount in Florida. He became the fourth person to be elected president while receiving fewer popular votes than his opponent. Bush is a member of a prominent political family and is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States. He is only the second president to assume the nation's highest office after","title":"George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"150947","text":"Forum on Service hosted by former President George H. W. Bush and Points of Light at the George Bush Presidential Library Center on the campus of Texas A&M University. The event celebrated the contributions of more than 4,500 Daily Point of Light award winners and honored President Bush's legacy of service and civic engagement. In 2011, Points of Light paid tribute to President George H. W. Bush and volunteer service at Washington, D.C.'s John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. President Bush was joined by presidents Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush to highlight the role volunteer","title":"George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"9370080","text":"George W. Bush Presidential Center The George W. Bush Presidential Center, which opened on April 25, 2013, is a complex that includes the 43rd President George W. Bush's presidential library and museum, the George W. Bush Policy Institute, and the offices of the George W. Bush Foundation. It is located on the campus of Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Texas, near Dallas. It will be the future resting place of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States (2001–2009), and his wife Laura Bush. Before Bush became President, officials at Baylor University in Waco, Texas started","title":"George W. Bush Presidential Center"},{"psg_id":"449680","text":"or is otherwise unable to discharge the powers or duties of the presidency. Section 3 deals with self-declared incapacity, and Section 4 addresses incapacity declared by the joint action of the vice president and of a majority of the Cabinet. While Section 4 has never been invoked, Section 3 has been invoked on three occasions by two presidents. President Ronald Reagan did so once, on July 13, 1985, before undergoing surgeryVice President George H. W. Bush was acting president for approximately eight hours. President George W. Bush did so twice, on June 29, 2002 and July 21, 2007, prior to","title":"Vice President of the United States"},{"psg_id":"9370096","text":"a ceremony which featured all living former U.S. Presidents Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and the incumbent U.S. President, Barack Obama. The library and museum are privately administered by the National Archives and Records Administration, while the university holds representation on the institute board. The project raised over $500 million for the construction and endowment of the George W. Bush presidential center. The previous time that George W. Bush (then the outgoing President), Obama (then the President-elect), former President Bill Clinton, former President George H. W. Bush and former President Jimmy Carter all met","title":"George W. Bush Presidential Center"},{"psg_id":"19381536","text":"George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign The 1988 presidential campaign of George H. W. Bush began on October 13, 1987, when Bush, then the sitting Vice President of the United States, announced he was running for the Republican Party's nomination in the 1988 U.S. presidential election. Bush won the 1988 election against Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis on November 8, 1988. He was subsequently inaugurated as president on January 20, 1989. Bush's three main opponents in the 1988 Republican primaries were Senator Bob Dole (R-KS), Pat Robertson, an evangelist; and Representative Jack Kemp (R-NY). Bush was long held back by","title":"George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"9370101","text":"from Highland Capital Management, in support of the Institute's programs. George W. Bush Presidential Center The George W. Bush Presidential Center, which opened on April 25, 2013, is a complex that includes the 43rd President George W. Bush's presidential library and museum, the George W. Bush Policy Institute, and the offices of the George W. Bush Foundation. It is located on the campus of Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Texas, near Dallas. It will be the future resting place of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States (2001–2009), and his wife Laura Bush. Before Bush","title":"George W. Bush Presidential Center"},{"psg_id":"2762660","text":"will work to earn it.\" With 286 electoral votes, President George W. Bush won the 2004 Presidential Election. Bush received over 62 million popular votes. George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign George W. Bush had one major opponent, U.S. Sen. John F. Kerry (D-Mass.), whose primary campaign was successful in securing the majority of Democratic delegate votes. For his presidential campaign, see John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004. George W. Bush's chief political strategist was Karl Rove, who had the title Senior Advisor to the President. Mark McKinnon was the chief communications strategist. He was later joined in August 2004 by","title":"George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"9196421","text":"Public image of George W. Bush George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, has elicited a variety of public perceptions regarding his policies, personality, and performance as a head of state. In the U.S. and elsewhere, journalists, polling organizations, and others have documented the expression of an evolving array of opinions of President Bush. \"Time\" magazine named George W. Bush as its Person of the Year for 2000 and 2004, citing him as the most influential person during these two years. The approval ratings of George W. Bush ranged from a record high to a record low.","title":"Public image of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"19381544","text":"points at the time, warning him that \"You can get so far behind that even a good campaign won’t win it for you.\" George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign The 1988 presidential campaign of George H. W. Bush began on October 13, 1987, when Bush, then the sitting Vice President of the United States, announced he was running for the Republican Party's nomination in the 1988 U.S. presidential election. Bush won the 1988 election against Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis on November 8, 1988. He was subsequently inaugurated as president on January 20, 1989. Bush's three main opponents in the","title":"George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"20717884","text":"Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration The foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 1989 to 1993 while George H. W. Bush was president. Bush's main foreign policy advisors were Secretaries of State James Baker and Lawrence Eagleburger, and National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft. Substantial geopolitical developments that occurred during Bush's presidency include: On September 13, 1988, Bush announced the appointment of a national security task force, noted for including former Jimmy Carter administration National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, who compared Bush's foreign policy views to","title":"Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"2762637","text":"George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign George W. Bush had one major opponent, U.S. Sen. John F. Kerry (D-Mass.), whose primary campaign was successful in securing the majority of Democratic delegate votes. For his presidential campaign, see John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004. George W. Bush's chief political strategist was Karl Rove, who had the title Senior Advisor to the President. Mark McKinnon was the chief communications strategist. He was later joined in August 2004 by Karen Hughes, a former Bush advisor who returned after some time away. His campaign manager was Ken Mehlman. President Bush formally filed with the FEC","title":"George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"12942053","text":"bring backpacks or bags, and were told such items wouldn't be allowed through security. Protestors obtained tickets, and then brought large bags to the event, clogging security checkpoints. Rather than directing all bag holders to one security screening line, security officials allowed the lines to be clogged, preventing many people from entering the secured area to view/hear President Bush and Vice-President Cheney. Protesters standing in line cheered the success of their actions, and were quite pleased that they denied people the opportunity to see the ceremony. Second inauguration of George W. Bush The second inauguration of George W. Bush as","title":"Second inauguration of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"6811459","text":"action may ultimately result\". Critics allege that this decision was strongly influenced by the makeup of the SEC at the time, which heavily favored Bush. The chairman at the time was Richard Breeden, a good friend of the Bush family's who had been nominated to the SEC by President George H. W. Bush and who had been a lawyer in James Baker's firm, Baker Botts. The SEC's general counsel at the time was James Doty, who had been appointed by President H.W. Bush and as a lawyer in James Baker's firm, Baker Botts had represented George W. Bush when arrangements","title":"Professional life of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"150995","text":"the United States on January 20, 2001, and re-elected in 2004. Through previous administrations, the elder Bush had ubiquitously been known as \"George Bush\" or \"President Bush\", but following his son's election the need to distinguish between them has made retronymic forms such as \"George H. W. Bush\" and \"George Bush senior\" and colloquialisms such as \"Bush 41\" and \"Bush the Elder\" much more common. H.W. Bush was traveling to Minnesota for a speaking engagement on the day of the September 11 attacks. George W. made multiple calls to get in contact with his father before the two men reconnected","title":"George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"10378723","text":"Presidency of George H. W. Bush The presidency of George H. W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 1989, when George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as the 41st President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1993. Bush, a Republican, took office after a landslide victory over Democrat Michael Dukakis in the 1988 presidential election. Following his defeat, he was succeeded by Democrat Bill Clinton, who won the 1992 presidential election. International affairs drove the Bush presidency. Bush helped the country navigate the end of the Cold War and a new era of U.S.–Soviet relations.","title":"Presidency of George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"6666596","text":"George W. Bush George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He had previously served as the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. Bush was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and grew up in Texas. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team","title":"George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"5712277","text":"be known as Loop 9 and would likely be the first segment to be built. President George Bush Turnpike The President George Bush Turnpike (PGBT) is a toll road running through the northern, northeastern and western suburbs, forming a partial loop around Dallas, Texas, United States. It is named for George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States. At its west end near Belt Line Road in Irving, State Highway 161 (SH 161) continues southwest to Interstate 20 (I-20) in Grand Prairie. The discontinuous free frontage roads along the turnpike from I-35E in Carrollton east to its","title":"President George Bush Turnpike"},{"psg_id":"5712262","text":"President George Bush Turnpike The President George Bush Turnpike (PGBT) is a toll road running through the northern, northeastern and western suburbs, forming a partial loop around Dallas, Texas, United States. It is named for George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States. At its west end near Belt Line Road in Irving, State Highway 161 (SH 161) continues southwest to Interstate 20 (I-20) in Grand Prairie. The discontinuous free frontage roads along the turnpike from I-35E in Carrollton east to its end at I-30 in Garland are assigned the State Highway 190 (SH 190) designation. SH","title":"President George Bush Turnpike"},{"psg_id":"19960756","text":"Assassination attempts against George W. Bush George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, was the target of two assassination attempts since he was first elected for President in the 2000 United States presidential elections. February 7, 2001: While President George W. Bush was in the White House, Robert Pickett, standing outside the perimeter fence, discharged a number of shots from a weapon in the direction of the White House. He was sentenced to three years in prison. May 10, 2005: While President Bush was giving a speech in the Freedom Square in Tbilisi, Georgia, Vladimir Arutyunian threw","title":"Assassination attempts against George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"20717994","text":"with validating American efforts against their usage and called the Act a \"measured but important step\" in achieving a cessation of threat from proliferation of biological weapons. Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration The foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 1989 to 1993 while George H. W. Bush was president. Bush's main foreign policy advisors were Secretaries of State James Baker and Lawrence Eagleburger, and National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft. Substantial geopolitical developments that occurred during Bush's presidency include: On September 13, 1988, Bush announced","title":"Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"2276934","text":"George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign The 2000 presidential campaign of George W. Bush, the 46th Governor of Texas, was formally launched on June 14, 1999 as Governor Bush, the eldest son of former President George H.W. Bush announced his intention to seek the Republican Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election. Bush was the main challenger to Senator John McCain, who appealed to moderate Republicans, independents and the press due to his reformist policies. After McCain's upset victory in New Hampshire Bush won the South Carolina primary and following it would engage","title":"George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"151001","text":"and experience a wave of enthusiasm. On January 10, 2009, George H. W. and George W. Bush were both present at the commissioning of (CVN-77), the tenth and last supercarrier of the United States Navy. Bush paid a visit to the carrier again on May 26, 2009. In October 2009, Bush joined President Barack Obama onstage at Texas A&M University for a promotion of volunteering. On February 15, 2011, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom—the highest civilian honor in the United States—by President Barack Obama. Later that year, Bush, an avid golfer, was inducted in the World Golf","title":"George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"6666723","text":"declined to answer, stating that any answer he gives would be interpreted as undermining President Barack Obama. In February 2016, George W. Bush spoke and campaigned for his brother Jeb Bush in South Carolina during a rally for the Jeb Bush presidential campaign in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries. While Bush endorsed the Republican Party's 2012 presidential nominee Mitt Romney, he declined to endorse the 2016 Republican nominee Donald Trump and he did not attend the 2016 Republican National Convention, which formally nominated Trump. On the eve of Trump's nomination, it was reported that Bush had privately expressed concern","title":"George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"2276965","text":"for his client base. As deputy secretary of the Interior, Griles was charged with overseeing and revamping environmental regulations that affect the profits of his former clients and NES’s current clients. George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign The 2000 presidential campaign of George W. Bush, the 46th Governor of Texas, was formally launched on June 14, 1999 as Governor Bush, the eldest son of former President George H.W. Bush announced his intention to seek the Republican Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election. Bush was the main challenger to Senator John McCain, who","title":"George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"12615291","text":"W. Bush. None of the nominees were nominated after July 1, 1992, the traditional start date of the unofficial Thurmond Rule during a presidential election year. Senator Orrin Hatch, the Republican leader of the Senate Judiciary Committee during the 106th Congress mentioned the controversy over President George H.W. Bush's court of appeals nominees during the following controversy involving the confirmation of any more Democratic court of appeals nominees during the last two years of President Bill Clinton's second term. George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies During George H.W. Bush's term in office as the President of the United States","title":"George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies"},{"psg_id":"11726219","text":"Presidential tally): United States presidential election, 1980 1984 Republican National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): United States presidential election, 1984 1988 Republican presidential primaries: 1988 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally): United States presidential election, 1988 1992 Republican presidential primaries: 1992 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally): 1992 New York State Right to Life Party Convention: United States presidential election, 1992 Electoral history of George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush, 41st President of the United States (1989–1993), 43rd Vice President of the United States (1981–1989); Director of the CIA (1976–1977) and United States Representative from Texas (1967–1971). Texas United States Senate","title":"Electoral history of George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"11726218","text":"Electoral history of George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush, 41st President of the United States (1989–1993), 43rd Vice President of the United States (1981–1989); Director of the CIA (1976–1977) and United States Representative from Texas (1967–1971). Texas United States Senate election, 1964 (Republican primary): Texas United States Senate election, 1964 (Republican primary runoff): Texas United States Senate election, 1964: Texas' 7th congressional district, 1966: Texas' 7th congressional district, 1968: Texas United States Senate election, 1970 (Republican primary): Texas United States Senate election, 1970: 1980 Republican presidential primaries: 1980 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally): 1980 Republican National Convention (Vice","title":"Electoral history of George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"9196472","text":"following the election of Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States, 61% of Americans in 2018 said they had a favorable view of Bush, compared to 33% when he left office. Public image of George W. Bush George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, has elicited a variety of public perceptions regarding his policies, personality, and performance as a head of state. In the U.S. and elsewhere, journalists, polling organizations, and others have documented the expression of an evolving array of opinions of President Bush. \"Time\" magazine named George W. Bush as its Person","title":"Public image of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"9144104","text":"Bush as the current president, Lil' Bush is shown as the son of President George H. W. Bush, portrayed as the current president. Lil' Bush and his friends (Lil' Cheney, Lil' Condi, etc.) all attend an elementary school with other current political figures. George W. Bush was portrayed on the \"Star Wars\" special of the stop-motion animation show \"Robot Chicken\" aired on Cartoon Network. In the short sketch, an action figure version of the president was shown as dreaming that he had Jedi powers, as well as fighting former U.S. president Abraham Lincoln with a lightsaber and chopping off his","title":"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"6811455","text":"Professional life of George W. Bush This article covers the professional life of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. Prior to his election as President in 2000, Bush held numerous other positions, including being an oil executive, an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team, and Governor of Texas. (Also see Governorship of George W. Bush.) Bush began his industry career in 1979, when he established Arbusto Energy, an oil and gas exploration company he financed with his education trust fund surplus and money from other investors, including Dorothy Bush, Lewis Lehrman, William Henry Draper III,","title":"Professional life of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"4135025","text":"110th Congress. Following is a list of individuals who were mentioned in various news accounts as the most likely potential nominees for a Supreme Court appointment under Bush: George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by President George W. Bush since before his presidency. In the summer of 2005, this speculation became newsworthy due to the announcement of the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor on July 1. President Bush announced federal appellate judge John Roberts as O'Connor's replacement on July 19. On September 5, two days","title":"George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates"},{"psg_id":"9543348","text":"Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration The economic policy of the George W. Bush administration was characterized by significant income tax cuts in 2001 and 2003, the implementation of Medicare Part D in 2003, increased military spending for two wars, a housing bubble that contributed to the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2008, and the Great Recession that followed. Economic performance during the period was adversely affected by two recessions, in 2001 and 2007–2009. President Bush was in office January 2001-January 2009, a complex and challenging economic and budgetary time. In addition to two recessions (2001 and the Great","title":"Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"9543399","text":"government got back $267 billion including interest. Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration The economic policy of the George W. Bush administration was characterized by significant income tax cuts in 2001 and 2003, the implementation of Medicare Part D in 2003, increased military spending for two wars, a housing bubble that contributed to the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2008, and the Great Recession that followed. Economic performance during the period was adversely affected by two recessions, in 2001 and 2007–2009. President Bush was in office January 2001-January 2009, a complex and challenging economic and budgetary time. In addition","title":"Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"6811465","text":"to Bush's campaign for Governor of Texas in 1993. Professional life of George W. Bush This article covers the professional life of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. Prior to his election as President in 2000, Bush held numerous other positions, including being an oil executive, an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team, and Governor of Texas. (Also see Governorship of George W. Bush.) Bush began his industry career in 1979, when he established Arbusto Energy, an oil and gas exploration company he financed with his education trust fund surplus and money from other investors,","title":"Professional life of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"8973454","text":"Space policy of the George W. Bush administration The George W. Bush administration's space policy is mainly associated with the Vision for Space Exploration, announced in 2004. A formal National Space Policy was released in 2006. The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster occurred early in George W. Bush's term, leading to the report of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board being released in August 2003. The Vision for Space Exploration, announced on January 14, 2004 by President George W. Bush, was seen as a response to the Columbia disaster, the state of human spaceflight at NASA, and a way to regain public","title":"Space policy of the George W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"10080668","text":"Governorship of George W. Bush George W. Bush served as the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 until 2000, when he resigned as governor following his election as the 43rd President of the United States. As governor, Bush successfully sponsored legislation for tort reform, increased education funding, set higher standards for schools, and reformed the criminal justice system. Bush also pioneered faith-based welfare programs and helped make Texas the leading producer of wind powered electricity in the US. With his father George H. W. Bush's election to the United States Presidency in 1988, speculation had arisen among Republicans that George","title":"Governorship of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"1371223","text":"of significance under the step or bottom of a ship's mast during construction. Since at least the construction of in the 1790s, this tradition has been passed on as a symbol of good luck for U.S. Navy ships. George H. W. Bush participated in the event, placing his naval aviator wings underneath the island during the ceremony. \"George H.W. Bush\" was christened on 7 October 2006. Former President George H. W. Bush attended the ceremony and became the first president in history to participate in the christening of his namesake ship. President George W. Bush also attended and honored his","title":"USS George H.W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"19960757","text":"a live Soviet-made RGD-5 hand grenade toward the podium. The grenade was live and had its pin pulled, but did not explode because a red tartan handkerchief was wrapped tightly around it, preventing the safety lever from detaching. After escaping that day, Arutyunian was arrested in July 2005. During his arrest, he killed an Interior Ministry agent. He was convicted in January 2006 and given a life sentence. Assassination attempts against George W. Bush George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, was the target of two assassination attempts since he was first elected for President in the","title":"Assassination attempts against George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"9144089","text":"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, have become common since his inauguration on January 20, 2001. Many popular TV shows, magazines, books and comics have portrayed or satirized him. Several comedians and comic actors were known for impressions of Bush during his presidency, including Will Ferrell and Will Forte (both originally on \"Saturday Night Live\"), Jon Culshaw, Frank Caliendo, James Adomian and Jon Stewart. Impressionist Steve Bridges had a notably involved impression that included facial prosthetics to achieve similarity to Bush; he impersonated Bush in a variety","title":"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"151018","text":"the Presidential Libraries Act of 1955. The Bush School of Government and Public Service is a graduate public policy school at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, which was established in 1995. The graduate school is part of the presidential library complex, and offers four programs — two master's degree programs (Public Service and Administration, and International Affairs) and three certificate programs (Advanced International Affairs, Nonprofit Management, and Homeland Security). George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924November 30, 2018) was an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989","title":"George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"11981764","text":"The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder is a 2008 book by former prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi. It argues that George W. Bush took the United States into the invasion of Iraq under false pretenses and should be tried for murder for the deaths of American soldiers in Iraq. The book sold over 130,000 copies within its first three months of release. The book was made into a documentary titled \"The Prosecution of an American President\" and was released on DVD on October 7, 2014. Bugliosi argues that Bush intentionally misled Congress","title":"The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder"},{"psg_id":"6666712","text":"directly outside the Albanian Parliament, was renamed after Bush a few days before he made the first-ever visit by an American president to Albania in June 2007. In Jerusalem, a small plaza with a monument bearing his name is also dedicated to Bush. In 2012, Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves awarded Bush the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana for his work in expanding NATO. The George W. Bush presidency has been ranked among the worst in surveys of presidential scholars published in the late 2000s and 2010s. After his re-election in 2004, Bush received increasingly heated criticism from","title":"George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"9196452","text":"in stone. No president has mounted a more sustained and deliberate assault on the nation's environment. No president has acted with more solicitude toward polluting industries. Assaulting the environment across a broad front, the Bush administration has promoted and implemented more than 400 measures that eviscerate 30 years of environmental policy.\" Kennedy has also written a book \"Crimes Against Nature: How George W. Bush and His Corporate Pals Are Plundering the Country and Hijacking Our Democracy.\" George W. Bush has also been criticized by the Union of Concerned Scientists, representing over 20 Nobel Laureates, who accuse him of failing to","title":"Public image of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"3705462","text":"or any other institution. President George W. Bush signed a multimillion-dollar aid deal with the government of Tanzania on February 17, 2008. George W. Bush, cheering Liberians to rebound from Second Liberian Civil War that left their nation in ruins, said February 21, 2008 that the United States will keep lending a hand to make Liberia a symbol of liberty for Africa and the world. President George W. Bush ordered the release of $200 million in emergency aid to help countries in Africa and elsewhere. Riots from Haiti to Bangladesh to Egypt over surging food prices catapulted the issue to","title":"Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"20660058","text":"Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration During the administration of American President George H. W. Bush (1989–1993), the United States largely followed the precedents set by the cannabis policy of the Reagan administration, including prosecution of the War on Drugs. In 1989, Bush appointed William Bennett director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Bennet once stated: \"why in God's name foster the use of a drug that makes you stupid?\" In 1989, the Bush administration began Operation Green Merchant, a nationwide investigation and operation targeting businesses advertising specialized horticultural equipment that was supposedly used to","title":"Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"3682290","text":"George P. Bush George Prescott Bush (born April 24, 1976) is an American attorney, former U.S. Navy Reserve officer, real estate investor, and politician who serves as the Commissioner of the Texas General Land Office. A fourth-generation elected official as a member of the Bush family, he is the oldest child of former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, a nephew of the 43rd President George W. Bush, and a grandson of the 41st President George H. W. Bush. Bush's middle name is taken from his great-grandfather, Senator Prescott Bush. Bush was born in Houston, Texas, to Jeb and Columba Bush (née","title":"George P. Bush"},{"psg_id":"151014","text":"condolences were offered by former Presidents Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and incumbent President Donald Trump. On December 3, 2018, Bush became the 12th U.S. President to lie in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol. Bush's remains were lain in repose at St. Martin's Episcopal Church from the evening of December 5 until 11:15 a.m. Central Standard Time on December 6. Following the funeral for Bush at St. Martin's on December 6, his coffin was brought by train to the George H.W. Bush Presidential Library in College Station, Texas where he was buried next","title":"George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"14016110","text":"my family\"\". Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration Karl Rove's career in U.S. President George W. Bush's administration began shortly after the first inauguration of George W. Bush in January 2001. Karl Rove was appointed Senior Advisor and Assistant to the President. Rove was reassigned from his policy development role to one focusing on strategic and tactical planning in April 2006. In 2002 and 2003 Rove chaired meetings of the White House Iraq Group (WHIG), an internal White House working group established in August 2002, eight months prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. WHIG was charged with","title":"Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"14016091","text":"Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration Karl Rove's career in U.S. President George W. Bush's administration began shortly after the first inauguration of George W. Bush in January 2001. Karl Rove was appointed Senior Advisor and Assistant to the President. Rove was reassigned from his policy development role to one focusing on strategic and tactical planning in April 2006. In 2002 and 2003 Rove chaired meetings of the White House Iraq Group (WHIG), an internal White House working group established in August 2002, eight months prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. WHIG was charged with developing a","title":"Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"150994","text":"Senators in an address warning against the collapse of political decorum and invasions into the privacy of individuals. In February 1999, Bush was part of the American delegation to the funeral of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman. In April 1999, Bush called for the release of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet when Spain had him arrested and sought to try him for human rights violations. In May 1999, Bush and his wife Barbara honored six senior citizens during the annual Ageless Heroes honors in Chicago, Illinois. His eldest son, George W. Bush, was inaugurated as the 43rd president of","title":"George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"10378796","text":"foreign affairs but a disappointment in domestic affairs. In the minds of voters, his achievements in foreign policy were not enough to overshadow the economic recession, and in 1992, the American public voted for change. Presidency of George H. W. Bush The presidency of George H. W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 1989, when George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as the 41st President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1993. Bush, a Republican, took office after a landslide victory over Democrat Michael Dukakis in the 1988 presidential election. Following his defeat, he was","title":"Presidency of George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"11981769","text":"agencies to find proof that Saddam helped al-Qaeda plan the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder is a 2008 book by former prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi. It argues that George W. Bush took the United States into the invasion of Iraq under false pretenses and should be tried for murder for the deaths of American soldiers in Iraq. The book sold over 130,000 copies within its first three months of release. The book was made into a documentary titled \"The Prosecution of an American President\" and was","title":"The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder"},{"psg_id":"9144094","text":"11, 2001 attacks from the point of view of President Bush. The movie was a drama, and reviewers stated that its portrayal of George W. Bush, again by Bottoms, was generally in a positive light. In the film \"The Master of Disguise\", the main character (played by Dana Carvey) dresses up as Bush and comments \"Folks around here call me W.\" In \"Scary Movie 4\", the President of the United States is reading a children book in a classroom, similar to George W. Bush's reading of \"The Pet Goat\". When he is told the nation is under the attack (similar","title":"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"20660061","text":"there would be a perception that this stuff can't be so bad.\" Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration During the administration of American President George H. W. Bush (1989–1993), the United States largely followed the precedents set by the cannabis policy of the Reagan administration, including prosecution of the War on Drugs. In 1989, Bush appointed William Bennett director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Bennet once stated: \"why in God's name foster the use of a drug that makes you stupid?\" In 1989, the Bush administration began Operation Green Merchant, a nationwide investigation and","title":"Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"12563690","text":"George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies During President George W. Bush's two term tenure in office, some of his nominations for federal judgeships were blocked by the Senate Democrats either directly in the Senate Judiciary Committee or on the full Senate floor in various procedural moves, including the first use of a fillibuster to block a Federal Appeals Court nominee. Republicans labeled it an unwarranted obstruction of professionally qualified judicial nominees. Soon after the inauguration of Bush as President in January 2001, many liberal academics became worried that he would begin packing the federal judiciary with conservative jurists. Yale law","title":"George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies"},{"psg_id":"4135000","text":"George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by President George W. Bush since before his presidency. In the summer of 2005, this speculation became newsworthy due to the announcement of the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor on July 1. President Bush announced federal appellate judge John Roberts as O'Connor's replacement on July 19. On September 5, two days after the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Bush renominated Roberts as the 17th Chief Justice of the United States. He was confirmed by the United States Senate","title":"George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates"},{"psg_id":"150886","text":"taxes. He lost the 1992 presidential election to Democrat Bill Clinton following an economic recession and the decreased importance of foreign policy in a post–Cold War political climate. After leaving office in 1993, Bush was active in humanitarian activities, often alongside Clinton, his former opponent. With George W. Bush's victory in the 2000 presidential election, Bush and his son became the second father–son pair to serve as President, following John Adams and John Quincy Adams. George Herbert Walker Bush was born at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts on June 12, 1924 to Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy (Walker) Bush.","title":"George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"20990424","text":"to serve as an honorary pallbearer as the vessel was making final preparations for deployment. Honorary pallbearers serving during the movement of the casket at points during Stage 3 included Charles F. Hermann (Scowcroft Chair in International Policy Studies at the Bush School of Government and Public Service), Amy Sharp (president of the Texas A&M University Student Government Association), and former Texas A&M football coach R.C. Slocum. Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush On November 30, 2018, George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States, died at his home in Houston, Texas, seven months","title":"Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"6666729","text":"H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama to work with One America Appeal to help the victims of Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the Gulf Coast and Texas communities. After serving as president, Bush began painting as a hobby after reading Winston Churchill's essay \"Painting as a Pastime\". Subjects have included people, dogs, and still life. He has also painted self-portraits and portraits of world leaders, including Vladimir Putin and Tony Blair. In February 2017, Bush released a book of portraits of veterans, \"Portraits of Courage\". The net proceeds from his book are donated to the George W.","title":"George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"7804353","text":"Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush On May 8, 2006, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad sent a missive directly to then United States President George W. Bush that proposed \"new ways\" to end the dispute over the Islamic Republic's development of nuclear power. U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley both reviewed the letter and considered it to be a broad, historic look at the U.S.-Iranian relationship. It was the first direct contact between the American and Iranian heads of state since April 9, 1980. During his joint press conference with then-United Kingdom Prime Minister","title":"Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"9144120","text":"the episode \"Mr. Deity and the Intel\" of \"Mr. Deity\" George W. Bush is portrayed by Louie Sadd, where Mr. Deity (God) is discussing the 2003 War On Terror with Bush, but Deity doesn't understand him that well and does not really know what would happen with the war. Often, when a story involving George W. Bush is shown on \"The Daily Show\", host Jon Stewart hunches his shoulders, squints his eyes, talks in a voice similar to Bush's, and uses strange hand gestures, occasionally accompanied by \"Beavis and Butt-head\"-style laughing. In the political comic \"Doonesbury\", President George W. Bush","title":"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"6666728","text":"to raise contributions for relief and recovery efforts following the 2010 Haiti earthquake earlier that month. On May 2, 2011, President Obama called Bush, who was at a restaurant with his wife, to inform him that Osama bin Laden had been killed. The Bushes joined the Obamas in New York City to mark the tenth anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. At the Ground Zero memorial, Bush read a letter that President Abraham Lincoln wrote to a widow who lost five sons during the Civil War. On September 7, 2017, Bush partnered with former presidents Jimmy Carter, George","title":"George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"12942055","text":"as the pre-inaugural entertainment. Thousands of demonstrators attended the inaugural ceremonies in Washington, D.C., to protest the outcome and controversial circumstances of the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election. Four protesters were arrested and Bush's limousine was hit by a tennis ball and an egg thrown from the crowd during the inaugural parade. Details of the parade were famously derided in the opening chapter of the 2001 #1 bestseller \"Stupid White Men\", pages 14-15. First inauguration of George W. Bush The first inauguration of George W. Bush as the 43rd President of the United States took place on Saturday, January 20, 2001.","title":"First inauguration of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"151006","text":"of Trump's policies and speaking style, while Trump frequently criticized George W. Bush's presidency. George H. W. Bush later said that he voted for the Democratic nominee, Hillary Clinton, in the general election. After Trump won the election, Bush sent him a congratulatory message. On February 5, 2017, George and Barbara Bush participated in the coin toss for Super Bowl LI. On August 16, 2017, Bush and his son George W. released a joint statement in which they condemned the violence at the Unite the Right rally. On September 7, 2017, Bush partnered with former presidents Carter, Clinton, George W.","title":"George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"12615290","text":"George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies During George H.W. Bush's term in office as the President of the United States of America, he nominated 11 individuals for 10 different federal appellate judgeships who were not processed by the Democratic-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee. The Republicans claim that Senate Democrats of the 102nd Congress on purpose tried to keep open particular judgeships as a political maneuver to allow a future Democratic president to fill them. All 10 of the judgeships were eventually filled with Clinton nominees, although one nominee, Roger Gregory, was nominated by Clinton and then renominated by President George","title":"George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies"},{"psg_id":"3705500","text":"American opposition to the government of Myanmar at the time. Relations with India improved significantly during George W. Bush's tenure. In September 2001, President Bush removed sanctions which had been imposed in May 1998, after the Pokhran-II nuclear tests. Both his Indian contemporaries, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and Manmohan Singh visited the United States at various times. President Bush called Chinese President Hu Jintao March 26, 2008 to express his concern about China's crackdown on protesters in Tibet since March 10, 2008. Bush and Hu also discussed issues including Taiwan, North Korea's denuclearization and Myanmar. Relations with New Zealand under the","title":"Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration"},{"psg_id":"12702346","text":"Political positions of George W. Bush George W. Bush's political positions have been expressed in public statements, and through his actions as President of the United States. George Bush supports enacting generous tax cuts in the model of Ronald Reagan's supply-side fiscal policies. He believes this helps the economy at large. George Bush supports nuclear power and expanded domestic drilling. Bush pledged to work toward reduced reliance on foreign oil by reducing fossil fuel consumption and increasing alternative fuel production. He lifted a ban on offshore drilling in 2008, and said at the time, \"This means that the only thing","title":"Political positions of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"14536933","text":"George W. Bush Childhood Home George W. Bush Childhood Home is a historic house that was home to former U.S. Presidents George W. Bush and George H.W. Bush from 1951 to 1955. It is located at 1412 W. Ohio Ave. in Midland, Texas. The home was built in 1940 and was purchased by the Bush family in 1951 for $9,000 (). They lived in the home until late 1955. It was also the earliest childhood home of Governor Jeb Bush. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It was purchased for $100,000 to become","title":"George W. Bush Childhood Home"},{"psg_id":"14536934","text":"the museum, which had its opening dedication on April 11, 2006. George W. Bush Childhood Home George W. Bush Childhood Home is a historic house that was home to former U.S. Presidents George W. Bush and George H.W. Bush from 1951 to 1955. It is located at 1412 W. Ohio Ave. in Midland, Texas. The home was built in 1940 and was purchased by the Bush family in 1951 for $9,000 (). They lived in the home until late 1955. It was also the earliest childhood home of Governor Jeb Bush. The house was added to the National Register of","title":"George W. Bush Childhood Home"},{"psg_id":"20990420","text":"F. Cox, Susan Ford, Chelsea Clinton, and Ivanka Trump with Jared Kushner. Former Vice President Al Gore, former New York Gov. George Pataki, political adviser to George W. Bush Karl Rove, former Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga., Rep. Jim Cooper, D-Tenn., Rep. John Culberson, R-Texas, who represented Bush's old House district, Rep. Mark Meadows, R-N.C., and many other lawmakers attended as well. International leaders attending these services include: Britain's Prince Charles and former Prime Minister John Major and the latter's wife Norma Major, former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Polish President Andrzej Duda and former President","title":"Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"8825190","text":"Early life of George W. Bush George W. Bush, (1946-) was the oldest child in a family of six children was born in the city of New Haven, Connecticut, grew up in the Texan cities of Midland and Houston. He studied at Yale University and the Harvard Business School before serving in the Texas Air National Guard. Bush would later be part owner and managing partner of the Texas Rangers baseball franchise, become governor of Texas and eventually become the 43rd President of the United States. His father died on November 30, 2018 due to a yet unknown cause. George","title":"Early life of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"12702358","text":"in the famous Wead tapes that he would not \"kick gays\" and worried his refusal to do so might upset his evangelical supporters, and that \"I think it is bad for Republicans to be kicking gays.\" Bush supported \"voluntary, student-led prayer\" but not \"teacher-led prayers.\" Bush opposes federal funding for research relating to newly derived embryonic stem cell lines. He supports federal funding for research on pre-existing embryonic stem cell lines. Political positions of George W. Bush George W. Bush's political positions have been expressed in public statements, and through his actions as President of the United States. George Bush","title":"Political positions of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"6666719","text":"do it again to save lives.\" In 2012, he wrote the foreword of \"\", an economics book published by the George W. Bush Presidential Center. He also presented the book at the Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas. Bush appeared on NBC's \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" on November 19, 2013, along with the former First Lady, Laura Bush. When asked by Leno why he does not comment publicly about the Obama administration, Bush said, \"I don't think it's good for the country to have a former president criticize his successor.\" Despite this statement, on Saturday, April 25, 2015,","title":"George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"20990396","text":"Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush On November 30, 2018, George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States, died at his home in Houston, Texas, seven months after the death of his wife of 73 years, Barbara Bush. Bush was the first former president to die since Gerald Ford in 2006; at the age of 94 years and 171 days, Bush was the longest-lived U.S. president in history. His death resulted in Jimmy Carter becoming the oldest living former President of the United States; Carter is also 94, having been born four months after","title":"Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"1371211","text":"USS George H.W. Bush USS \"George H.W. Bush\" (CVN-77) is the tenth and final supercarrier of the United States Navy. She is named for the 41st President of the United States and former Director of Central Intelligence George H. W. Bush, who was a naval aviator during World War II. \"Bush\" callsign is \"Avenger\", after the TBM Avenger aircraft flown by then-Lieutenant George H.W. Bush in World War II. Construction began in 2003 at the Northrop Grumman Newport News shipyard's Dry Dock 12, the largest in the western hemisphere. She was completed in 2009 at a cost of $6.2 billion","title":"USS George H.W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"12730596","text":"George H. W. Bush Supreme Court candidates Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by George H. W. Bush even before his presidency officially began, given the advanced ages of several justices. On July 20, 1990, this speculation became newsworthy, due to the announcement of the immediate retirement (and assumption of senior status) of Associate Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. President George H. W. Bush announced David Souter as Brennan's replacement just four days later, and Souter was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 2, 1990, in a 90–9 vote. On June","title":"George H. W. Bush Supreme Court candidates"},{"psg_id":"9144097","text":"thus save the world, Bush (played by Steve Bridges) pays them a visit at their garage in Fredrikstad, Norway. \"Dasavathaaram\" (2008) is an Indian film which stars popular Indian actor Kamal Haasan. He dons ten different roles in this film and one of those is the portrayal of George W. Bush. George W. Bush appears briefly in a still animated frame of the anime version of \"Megumi.\" Connor Trinneer plays a young George Bush in the 2017 film \"American Made\". \"2DTV\" (a UK satire cartoon) regularly portrayed George W. Bush as a childish simpleton who would often make hazardous decisions","title":"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"6666721","text":"State Department, and the George W. Bush Institute hosted a daylong forum on education and health with the spouses of the African leaders attending the summit. Bush urged African leaders to avoid discriminatory laws that make the treatment of HIV/AIDS more difficult. Bush has spoken in favor of increased global participation of women in politics and societal matters in foreign countries. On November 2, 2014, Bush spoke at an event to 200 business and civic leaders at the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum to raise awareness for the upcoming Museum of the Bible in Washington D.C. Bush published","title":"George W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"13934822","text":"Bush & Sons, eventually passed the lumber business to J. Danforth Bush's firm, a partnership with Robert B. Rayner. Bush also took on a large role in his father's company. After George W. Bush died in 1900, his sons incorporated their coal and transportation business as the George W. Bush & Sons Company. J. Danforth Bush was made vice president of the company. Bush was a prominent member of the Delaware Game Protective Association, at one time serving as that organization's vice president for New Castle County. He also served as treasurer and secretary at various times. J. Danforth Bush","title":"J. Danforth Bush"},{"psg_id":"19381539","text":"became the probable Republican nominee, completing a transformation of his status from loser to front-runner in 29 days. After Bush's convincing performance on Super Tuesday on March 8, in which he won all 16 primaries, Dole dropped out of the race, making Bush the de facto Republican nominee. After it became clear that Bush would be the Republican nominee, President Ronald Reagan endorsed him, saying in May 1988 that \"I'm going to work as hard as I can to make Vice President George Bush the next president of the United States\". Reagan did not campaign strongly for Bush during the","title":"George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"1371239","text":"the Franco-American exercise Chesapeake Mission, with twelve Dassault Aviation Rafale M and a Grumman E-2C Hawkeye from the French Navy embarked on board. USS George H.W. Bush USS \"George H.W. Bush\" (CVN-77) is the tenth and final supercarrier of the United States Navy. She is named for the 41st President of the United States and former Director of Central Intelligence George H. W. Bush, who was a naval aviator during World War II. \"Bush\" callsign is \"Avenger\", after the TBM Avenger aircraft flown by then-Lieutenant George H.W. Bush in World War II. Construction began in 2003 at the Northrop Grumman","title":"USS George H.W. Bush"},{"psg_id":"3706438","text":"v. Bollinger. In his first term, Bush appointed Colin Powell as Secretary of State. Powell was the first African-American man to serve in that position, and was succeeded by Condoleezza Rice: Rice became the first African-American woman to hold the post. In 2005, he appointed Alberto Gonzales as the United States Attorney General, the first Hispanic to hold that position. Bush met with the National Urban League, the nation's oldest civil rights organization during his term of office as well. President George W. Bush signed into law the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). The bill protects Americans against discrimination based","title":"Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"150882\",\n \"text\": \"George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924November 30, 2018) was an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. Prior to assuming the presidency, Bush served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. As a member of the Republican Party, he had previously been a congressman, ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence. During his career in public service, he was known simply as George Bush, but after his son George W. Bush became the 43rd president in 2001, he was referred to\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1549454\",\n \"text\": \"Presidency of George W. Bush The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican, took office following a very close victory over Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore in the 2000 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2004 election, he defeated Democrat John Kerry to win re-election. Bush, the 43rd President, is the eldest son of the 41st President, George H. W. Bush. He was succeeded by Democrat Barack Obama, who\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12942077\",\n \"text\": \"for Jesus '88 rally. The record would stand until the day of the National Victory Celebration in 1991. Inauguration of George H. W. Bush The Inauguration of George H. W. Bush as the 41st President of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1989. The inauguration marked the commencement of the four-year term of George H. W. Bush as President and Dan Quayle as Vice President. Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the presidential oath of office to Bush and Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor administered the vice presidential oath of office to Quayle. The event helped Metrorail set\",\n \"title\": \"Inauguration of George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12942076\",\n \"text\": \"Inauguration of George H. W. Bush The Inauguration of George H. W. Bush as the 41st President of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1989. The inauguration marked the commencement of the four-year term of George H. W. Bush as President and Dan Quayle as Vice President. Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the presidential oath of office to Bush and Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor administered the vice presidential oath of office to Quayle. The event helped Metrorail set a single-day record of 604,089 trips, breaking the record of 565,000 set the spring before by the Washington\",\n \"title\": \"Inauguration of George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1549548\",\n \"text\": \"by the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. President Bush's place in U.S. history will be debated and reconsidered for many years to come. Academic Reflections on the Bush presidency Primary sources Presidency of George W. Bush The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican, took office following a very close victory over Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore in the 2000 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2004 election, he\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6666597\",\n \"text\": \"before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election. Bush was elected President of the United States in 2000 when he defeated Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore after a close and controversial win that involved a stopped recount in Florida. He became the fourth person to be elected president while receiving fewer popular votes than his opponent. Bush is a member of a prominent political family and is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States. He is only the second president to assume the nation's highest office after\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"150947\",\n \"text\": \"Forum on Service hosted by former President George H. W. Bush and Points of Light at the George Bush Presidential Library Center on the campus of Texas A&M University. The event celebrated the contributions of more than 4,500 Daily Point of Light award winners and honored President Bush's legacy of service and civic engagement. In 2011, Points of Light paid tribute to President George H. W. Bush and volunteer service at Washington, D.C.'s John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. President Bush was joined by presidents Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush to highlight the role volunteer\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9370080\",\n \"text\": \"George W. Bush Presidential Center The George W. Bush Presidential Center, which opened on April 25, 2013, is a complex that includes the 43rd President George W. Bush's presidential library and museum, the George W. Bush Policy Institute, and the offices of the George W. Bush Foundation. It is located on the campus of Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Texas, near Dallas. It will be the future resting place of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States (2001–2009), and his wife Laura Bush. Before Bush became President, officials at Baylor University in Waco, Texas started\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush Presidential Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"449680\",\n \"text\": \"or is otherwise unable to discharge the powers or duties of the presidency. Section 3 deals with self-declared incapacity, and Section 4 addresses incapacity declared by the joint action of the vice president and of a majority of the Cabinet. While Section 4 has never been invoked, Section 3 has been invoked on three occasions by two presidents. President Ronald Reagan did so once, on July 13, 1985, before undergoing surgeryVice President George H. W. Bush was acting president for approximately eight hours. President George W. Bush did so twice, on June 29, 2002 and July 21, 2007, prior to\",\n \"title\": \"Vice President of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9370096\",\n \"text\": \"a ceremony which featured all living former U.S. Presidents Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and the incumbent U.S. President, Barack Obama. The library and museum are privately administered by the National Archives and Records Administration, while the university holds representation on the institute board. The project raised over $500 million for the construction and endowment of the George W. Bush presidential center. The previous time that George W. Bush (then the outgoing President), Obama (then the President-elect), former President Bill Clinton, former President George H. W. Bush and former President Jimmy Carter all met\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush Presidential Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19381536\",\n \"text\": \"George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign The 1988 presidential campaign of George H. W. Bush began on October 13, 1987, when Bush, then the sitting Vice President of the United States, announced he was running for the Republican Party's nomination in the 1988 U.S. presidential election. Bush won the 1988 election against Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis on November 8, 1988. He was subsequently inaugurated as president on January 20, 1989. Bush's three main opponents in the 1988 Republican primaries were Senator Bob Dole (R-KS), Pat Robertson, an evangelist; and Representative Jack Kemp (R-NY). Bush was long held back by\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9370101\",\n \"text\": \"from Highland Capital Management, in support of the Institute's programs. George W. Bush Presidential Center The George W. Bush Presidential Center, which opened on April 25, 2013, is a complex that includes the 43rd President George W. Bush's presidential library and museum, the George W. Bush Policy Institute, and the offices of the George W. Bush Foundation. It is located on the campus of Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Texas, near Dallas. It will be the future resting place of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States (2001–2009), and his wife Laura Bush. Before Bush\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush Presidential Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2762660\",\n \"text\": \"will work to earn it.\\\" With 286 electoral votes, President George W. Bush won the 2004 Presidential Election. Bush received over 62 million popular votes. George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign George W. Bush had one major opponent, U.S. Sen. John F. Kerry (D-Mass.), whose primary campaign was successful in securing the majority of Democratic delegate votes. For his presidential campaign, see John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004. George W. Bush's chief political strategist was Karl Rove, who had the title Senior Advisor to the President. Mark McKinnon was the chief communications strategist. He was later joined in August 2004 by\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9196421\",\n \"text\": \"Public image of George W. Bush George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, has elicited a variety of public perceptions regarding his policies, personality, and performance as a head of state. In the U.S. and elsewhere, journalists, polling organizations, and others have documented the expression of an evolving array of opinions of President Bush. \\\"Time\\\" magazine named George W. Bush as its Person of the Year for 2000 and 2004, citing him as the most influential person during these two years. The approval ratings of George W. Bush ranged from a record high to a record low.\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19381544\",\n \"text\": \"points at the time, warning him that \\\"You can get so far behind that even a good campaign won’t win it for you.\\\" George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign The 1988 presidential campaign of George H. W. Bush began on October 13, 1987, when Bush, then the sitting Vice President of the United States, announced he was running for the Republican Party's nomination in the 1988 U.S. presidential election. Bush won the 1988 election against Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis on November 8, 1988. He was subsequently inaugurated as president on January 20, 1989. Bush's three main opponents in the\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20717884\",\n \"text\": \"Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration The foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 1989 to 1993 while George H. W. Bush was president. Bush's main foreign policy advisors were Secretaries of State James Baker and Lawrence Eagleburger, and National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft. Substantial geopolitical developments that occurred during Bush's presidency include: On September 13, 1988, Bush announced the appointment of a national security task force, noted for including former Jimmy Carter administration National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, who compared Bush's foreign policy views to\",\n \"title\": \"Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2762637\",\n \"text\": \"George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign George W. Bush had one major opponent, U.S. Sen. John F. Kerry (D-Mass.), whose primary campaign was successful in securing the majority of Democratic delegate votes. For his presidential campaign, see John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004. George W. Bush's chief political strategist was Karl Rove, who had the title Senior Advisor to the President. Mark McKinnon was the chief communications strategist. He was later joined in August 2004 by Karen Hughes, a former Bush advisor who returned after some time away. His campaign manager was Ken Mehlman. President Bush formally filed with the FEC\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12942053\",\n \"text\": \"bring backpacks or bags, and were told such items wouldn't be allowed through security. Protestors obtained tickets, and then brought large bags to the event, clogging security checkpoints. Rather than directing all bag holders to one security screening line, security officials allowed the lines to be clogged, preventing many people from entering the secured area to view/hear President Bush and Vice-President Cheney. Protesters standing in line cheered the success of their actions, and were quite pleased that they denied people the opportunity to see the ceremony. Second inauguration of George W. Bush The second inauguration of George W. Bush as\",\n \"title\": \"Second inauguration of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6811459\",\n \"text\": \"action may ultimately result\\\". Critics allege that this decision was strongly influenced by the makeup of the SEC at the time, which heavily favored Bush. The chairman at the time was Richard Breeden, a good friend of the Bush family's who had been nominated to the SEC by President George H. W. Bush and who had been a lawyer in James Baker's firm, Baker Botts. The SEC's general counsel at the time was James Doty, who had been appointed by President H.W. Bush and as a lawyer in James Baker's firm, Baker Botts had represented George W. Bush when arrangements\",\n \"title\": \"Professional life of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"150995\",\n \"text\": \"the United States on January 20, 2001, and re-elected in 2004. Through previous administrations, the elder Bush had ubiquitously been known as \\\"George Bush\\\" or \\\"President Bush\\\", but following his son's election the need to distinguish between them has made retronymic forms such as \\\"George H. W. Bush\\\" and \\\"George Bush senior\\\" and colloquialisms such as \\\"Bush 41\\\" and \\\"Bush the Elder\\\" much more common. H.W. Bush was traveling to Minnesota for a speaking engagement on the day of the September 11 attacks. George W. made multiple calls to get in contact with his father before the two men reconnected\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10378723\",\n \"text\": \"Presidency of George H. W. Bush The presidency of George H. W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 1989, when George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as the 41st President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1993. Bush, a Republican, took office after a landslide victory over Democrat Michael Dukakis in the 1988 presidential election. Following his defeat, he was succeeded by Democrat Bill Clinton, who won the 1992 presidential election. International affairs drove the Bush presidency. Bush helped the country navigate the end of the Cold War and a new era of U.S.–Soviet relations.\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6666596\",\n \"text\": \"George W. Bush George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He had previously served as the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. Bush was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and grew up in Texas. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5712277\",\n \"text\": \"be known as Loop 9 and would likely be the first segment to be built. President George Bush Turnpike The President George Bush Turnpike (PGBT) is a toll road running through the northern, northeastern and western suburbs, forming a partial loop around Dallas, Texas, United States. It is named for George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States. At its west end near Belt Line Road in Irving, State Highway 161 (SH 161) continues southwest to Interstate 20 (I-20) in Grand Prairie. The discontinuous free frontage roads along the turnpike from I-35E in Carrollton east to its\",\n \"title\": \"President George Bush Turnpike\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5712262\",\n \"text\": \"President George Bush Turnpike The President George Bush Turnpike (PGBT) is a toll road running through the northern, northeastern and western suburbs, forming a partial loop around Dallas, Texas, United States. It is named for George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States. At its west end near Belt Line Road in Irving, State Highway 161 (SH 161) continues southwest to Interstate 20 (I-20) in Grand Prairie. The discontinuous free frontage roads along the turnpike from I-35E in Carrollton east to its end at I-30 in Garland are assigned the State Highway 190 (SH 190) designation. SH\",\n \"title\": \"President George Bush Turnpike\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19960756\",\n \"text\": \"Assassination attempts against George W. Bush George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, was the target of two assassination attempts since he was first elected for President in the 2000 United States presidential elections. February 7, 2001: While President George W. Bush was in the White House, Robert Pickett, standing outside the perimeter fence, discharged a number of shots from a weapon in the direction of the White House. He was sentenced to three years in prison. May 10, 2005: While President Bush was giving a speech in the Freedom Square in Tbilisi, Georgia, Vladimir Arutyunian threw\",\n \"title\": \"Assassination attempts against George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20717994\",\n \"text\": \"with validating American efforts against their usage and called the Act a \\\"measured but important step\\\" in achieving a cessation of threat from proliferation of biological weapons. Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration The foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 1989 to 1993 while George H. W. Bush was president. Bush's main foreign policy advisors were Secretaries of State James Baker and Lawrence Eagleburger, and National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft. Substantial geopolitical developments that occurred during Bush's presidency include: On September 13, 1988, Bush announced\",\n \"title\": \"Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2276934\",\n \"text\": \"George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign The 2000 presidential campaign of George W. Bush, the 46th Governor of Texas, was formally launched on June 14, 1999 as Governor Bush, the eldest son of former President George H.W. Bush announced his intention to seek the Republican Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election. Bush was the main challenger to Senator John McCain, who appealed to moderate Republicans, independents and the press due to his reformist policies. After McCain's upset victory in New Hampshire Bush won the South Carolina primary and following it would engage\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"151001\",\n \"text\": \"and experience a wave of enthusiasm. On January 10, 2009, George H. W. and George W. Bush were both present at the commissioning of (CVN-77), the tenth and last supercarrier of the United States Navy. Bush paid a visit to the carrier again on May 26, 2009. In October 2009, Bush joined President Barack Obama onstage at Texas A&M University for a promotion of volunteering. On February 15, 2011, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom—the highest civilian honor in the United States—by President Barack Obama. Later that year, Bush, an avid golfer, was inducted in the World Golf\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6666723\",\n \"text\": \"declined to answer, stating that any answer he gives would be interpreted as undermining President Barack Obama. In February 2016, George W. Bush spoke and campaigned for his brother Jeb Bush in South Carolina during a rally for the Jeb Bush presidential campaign in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries. While Bush endorsed the Republican Party's 2012 presidential nominee Mitt Romney, he declined to endorse the 2016 Republican nominee Donald Trump and he did not attend the 2016 Republican National Convention, which formally nominated Trump. On the eve of Trump's nomination, it was reported that Bush had privately expressed concern\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2276965\",\n \"text\": \"for his client base. As deputy secretary of the Interior, Griles was charged with overseeing and revamping environmental regulations that affect the profits of his former clients and NES’s current clients. George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign The 2000 presidential campaign of George W. Bush, the 46th Governor of Texas, was formally launched on June 14, 1999 as Governor Bush, the eldest son of former President George H.W. Bush announced his intention to seek the Republican Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 2000 presidential election. Bush was the main challenger to Senator John McCain, who\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12615291\",\n \"text\": \"W. Bush. None of the nominees were nominated after July 1, 1992, the traditional start date of the unofficial Thurmond Rule during a presidential election year. Senator Orrin Hatch, the Republican leader of the Senate Judiciary Committee during the 106th Congress mentioned the controversy over President George H.W. Bush's court of appeals nominees during the following controversy involving the confirmation of any more Democratic court of appeals nominees during the last two years of President Bill Clinton's second term. George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies During George H.W. Bush's term in office as the President of the United States\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11726219\",\n \"text\": \"Presidential tally): United States presidential election, 1980 1984 Republican National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): United States presidential election, 1984 1988 Republican presidential primaries: 1988 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally): United States presidential election, 1988 1992 Republican presidential primaries: 1992 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally): 1992 New York State Right to Life Party Convention: United States presidential election, 1992 Electoral history of George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush, 41st President of the United States (1989–1993), 43rd Vice President of the United States (1981–1989); Director of the CIA (1976–1977) and United States Representative from Texas (1967–1971). Texas United States Senate\",\n \"title\": \"Electoral history of George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11726218\",\n \"text\": \"Electoral history of George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush, 41st President of the United States (1989–1993), 43rd Vice President of the United States (1981–1989); Director of the CIA (1976–1977) and United States Representative from Texas (1967–1971). Texas United States Senate election, 1964 (Republican primary): Texas United States Senate election, 1964 (Republican primary runoff): Texas United States Senate election, 1964: Texas' 7th congressional district, 1966: Texas' 7th congressional district, 1968: Texas United States Senate election, 1970 (Republican primary): Texas United States Senate election, 1970: 1980 Republican presidential primaries: 1980 Republican National Convention (Presidential tally): 1980 Republican National Convention (Vice\",\n \"title\": \"Electoral history of George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9196472\",\n \"text\": \"following the election of Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States, 61% of Americans in 2018 said they had a favorable view of Bush, compared to 33% when he left office. Public image of George W. Bush George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, has elicited a variety of public perceptions regarding his policies, personality, and performance as a head of state. In the U.S. and elsewhere, journalists, polling organizations, and others have documented the expression of an evolving array of opinions of President Bush. \\\"Time\\\" magazine named George W. Bush as its Person\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9144104\",\n \"text\": \"Bush as the current president, Lil' Bush is shown as the son of President George H. W. Bush, portrayed as the current president. Lil' Bush and his friends (Lil' Cheney, Lil' Condi, etc.) all attend an elementary school with other current political figures. George W. Bush was portrayed on the \\\"Star Wars\\\" special of the stop-motion animation show \\\"Robot Chicken\\\" aired on Cartoon Network. In the short sketch, an action figure version of the president was shown as dreaming that he had Jedi powers, as well as fighting former U.S. president Abraham Lincoln with a lightsaber and chopping off his\",\n \"title\": \"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6811455\",\n \"text\": \"Professional life of George W. Bush This article covers the professional life of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. Prior to his election as President in 2000, Bush held numerous other positions, including being an oil executive, an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team, and Governor of Texas. (Also see Governorship of George W. Bush.) Bush began his industry career in 1979, when he established Arbusto Energy, an oil and gas exploration company he financed with his education trust fund surplus and money from other investors, including Dorothy Bush, Lewis Lehrman, William Henry Draper III,\",\n \"title\": \"Professional life of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4135025\",\n \"text\": \"110th Congress. Following is a list of individuals who were mentioned in various news accounts as the most likely potential nominees for a Supreme Court appointment under Bush: George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by President George W. Bush since before his presidency. In the summer of 2005, this speculation became newsworthy due to the announcement of the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor on July 1. President Bush announced federal appellate judge John Roberts as O'Connor's replacement on July 19. On September 5, two days\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9543348\",\n \"text\": \"Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration The economic policy of the George W. Bush administration was characterized by significant income tax cuts in 2001 and 2003, the implementation of Medicare Part D in 2003, increased military spending for two wars, a housing bubble that contributed to the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2008, and the Great Recession that followed. Economic performance during the period was adversely affected by two recessions, in 2001 and 2007–2009. President Bush was in office January 2001-January 2009, a complex and challenging economic and budgetary time. In addition to two recessions (2001 and the Great\",\n \"title\": \"Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9543399\",\n \"text\": \"government got back $267 billion including interest. Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration The economic policy of the George W. Bush administration was characterized by significant income tax cuts in 2001 and 2003, the implementation of Medicare Part D in 2003, increased military spending for two wars, a housing bubble that contributed to the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2008, and the Great Recession that followed. Economic performance during the period was adversely affected by two recessions, in 2001 and 2007–2009. President Bush was in office January 2001-January 2009, a complex and challenging economic and budgetary time. In addition\",\n \"title\": \"Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6811465\",\n \"text\": \"to Bush's campaign for Governor of Texas in 1993. Professional life of George W. Bush This article covers the professional life of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. Prior to his election as President in 2000, Bush held numerous other positions, including being an oil executive, an owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team, and Governor of Texas. (Also see Governorship of George W. Bush.) Bush began his industry career in 1979, when he established Arbusto Energy, an oil and gas exploration company he financed with his education trust fund surplus and money from other investors,\",\n \"title\": \"Professional life of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8973454\",\n \"text\": \"Space policy of the George W. Bush administration The George W. Bush administration's space policy is mainly associated with the Vision for Space Exploration, announced in 2004. A formal National Space Policy was released in 2006. The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster occurred early in George W. Bush's term, leading to the report of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board being released in August 2003. The Vision for Space Exploration, announced on January 14, 2004 by President George W. Bush, was seen as a response to the Columbia disaster, the state of human spaceflight at NASA, and a way to regain public\",\n \"title\": \"Space policy of the George W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10080668\",\n \"text\": \"Governorship of George W. Bush George W. Bush served as the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 until 2000, when he resigned as governor following his election as the 43rd President of the United States. As governor, Bush successfully sponsored legislation for tort reform, increased education funding, set higher standards for schools, and reformed the criminal justice system. Bush also pioneered faith-based welfare programs and helped make Texas the leading producer of wind powered electricity in the US. With his father George H. W. Bush's election to the United States Presidency in 1988, speculation had arisen among Republicans that George\",\n \"title\": \"Governorship of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1371223\",\n \"text\": \"of significance under the step or bottom of a ship's mast during construction. Since at least the construction of in the 1790s, this tradition has been passed on as a symbol of good luck for U.S. Navy ships. George H. W. Bush participated in the event, placing his naval aviator wings underneath the island during the ceremony. \\\"George H.W. Bush\\\" was christened on 7 October 2006. Former President George H. W. Bush attended the ceremony and became the first president in history to participate in the christening of his namesake ship. President George W. Bush also attended and honored his\",\n \"title\": \"USS George H.W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19960757\",\n \"text\": \"a live Soviet-made RGD-5 hand grenade toward the podium. The grenade was live and had its pin pulled, but did not explode because a red tartan handkerchief was wrapped tightly around it, preventing the safety lever from detaching. After escaping that day, Arutyunian was arrested in July 2005. During his arrest, he killed an Interior Ministry agent. He was convicted in January 2006 and given a life sentence. Assassination attempts against George W. Bush George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, was the target of two assassination attempts since he was first elected for President in the\",\n \"title\": \"Assassination attempts against George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9144089\",\n \"text\": \"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, have become common since his inauguration on January 20, 2001. Many popular TV shows, magazines, books and comics have portrayed or satirized him. Several comedians and comic actors were known for impressions of Bush during his presidency, including Will Ferrell and Will Forte (both originally on \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\"), Jon Culshaw, Frank Caliendo, James Adomian and Jon Stewart. Impressionist Steve Bridges had a notably involved impression that included facial prosthetics to achieve similarity to Bush; he impersonated Bush in a variety\",\n \"title\": \"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"151018\",\n \"text\": \"the Presidential Libraries Act of 1955. The Bush School of Government and Public Service is a graduate public policy school at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, which was established in 1995. The graduate school is part of the presidential library complex, and offers four programs — two master's degree programs (Public Service and Administration, and International Affairs) and three certificate programs (Advanced International Affairs, Nonprofit Management, and Homeland Security). George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924November 30, 2018) was an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11981764\",\n \"text\": \"The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder is a 2008 book by former prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi. It argues that George W. Bush took the United States into the invasion of Iraq under false pretenses and should be tried for murder for the deaths of American soldiers in Iraq. The book sold over 130,000 copies within its first three months of release. The book was made into a documentary titled \\\"The Prosecution of an American President\\\" and was released on DVD on October 7, 2014. Bugliosi argues that Bush intentionally misled Congress\",\n \"title\": \"The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6666712\",\n \"text\": \"directly outside the Albanian Parliament, was renamed after Bush a few days before he made the first-ever visit by an American president to Albania in June 2007. In Jerusalem, a small plaza with a monument bearing his name is also dedicated to Bush. In 2012, Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves awarded Bush the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana for his work in expanding NATO. The George W. Bush presidency has been ranked among the worst in surveys of presidential scholars published in the late 2000s and 2010s. After his re-election in 2004, Bush received increasingly heated criticism from\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9196452\",\n \"text\": \"in stone. No president has mounted a more sustained and deliberate assault on the nation's environment. No president has acted with more solicitude toward polluting industries. Assaulting the environment across a broad front, the Bush administration has promoted and implemented more than 400 measures that eviscerate 30 years of environmental policy.\\\" Kennedy has also written a book \\\"Crimes Against Nature: How George W. Bush and His Corporate Pals Are Plundering the Country and Hijacking Our Democracy.\\\" George W. Bush has also been criticized by the Union of Concerned Scientists, representing over 20 Nobel Laureates, who accuse him of failing to\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3705462\",\n \"text\": \"or any other institution. President George W. Bush signed a multimillion-dollar aid deal with the government of Tanzania on February 17, 2008. George W. Bush, cheering Liberians to rebound from Second Liberian Civil War that left their nation in ruins, said February 21, 2008 that the United States will keep lending a hand to make Liberia a symbol of liberty for Africa and the world. President George W. Bush ordered the release of $200 million in emergency aid to help countries in Africa and elsewhere. Riots from Haiti to Bangladesh to Egypt over surging food prices catapulted the issue to\",\n \"title\": \"Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20660058\",\n \"text\": \"Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration During the administration of American President George H. W. Bush (1989–1993), the United States largely followed the precedents set by the cannabis policy of the Reagan administration, including prosecution of the War on Drugs. In 1989, Bush appointed William Bennett director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Bennet once stated: \\\"why in God's name foster the use of a drug that makes you stupid?\\\" In 1989, the Bush administration began Operation Green Merchant, a nationwide investigation and operation targeting businesses advertising specialized horticultural equipment that was supposedly used to\",\n \"title\": \"Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3682290\",\n \"text\": \"George P. Bush George Prescott Bush (born April 24, 1976) is an American attorney, former U.S. Navy Reserve officer, real estate investor, and politician who serves as the Commissioner of the Texas General Land Office. A fourth-generation elected official as a member of the Bush family, he is the oldest child of former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, a nephew of the 43rd President George W. Bush, and a grandson of the 41st President George H. W. Bush. Bush's middle name is taken from his great-grandfather, Senator Prescott Bush. Bush was born in Houston, Texas, to Jeb and Columba Bush (née\",\n \"title\": \"George P. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"151014\",\n \"text\": \"condolences were offered by former Presidents Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and incumbent President Donald Trump. On December 3, 2018, Bush became the 12th U.S. President to lie in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol. Bush's remains were lain in repose at St. Martin's Episcopal Church from the evening of December 5 until 11:15 a.m. Central Standard Time on December 6. Following the funeral for Bush at St. Martin's on December 6, his coffin was brought by train to the George H.W. Bush Presidential Library in College Station, Texas where he was buried next\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14016110\",\n \"text\": \"my family\\\"\\\". Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration Karl Rove's career in U.S. President George W. Bush's administration began shortly after the first inauguration of George W. Bush in January 2001. Karl Rove was appointed Senior Advisor and Assistant to the President. Rove was reassigned from his policy development role to one focusing on strategic and tactical planning in April 2006. In 2002 and 2003 Rove chaired meetings of the White House Iraq Group (WHIG), an internal White House working group established in August 2002, eight months prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. WHIG was charged with\",\n \"title\": \"Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14016091\",\n \"text\": \"Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration Karl Rove's career in U.S. President George W. Bush's administration began shortly after the first inauguration of George W. Bush in January 2001. Karl Rove was appointed Senior Advisor and Assistant to the President. Rove was reassigned from his policy development role to one focusing on strategic and tactical planning in April 2006. In 2002 and 2003 Rove chaired meetings of the White House Iraq Group (WHIG), an internal White House working group established in August 2002, eight months prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. WHIG was charged with developing a\",\n \"title\": \"Karl Rove in the George W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"150994\",\n \"text\": \"Senators in an address warning against the collapse of political decorum and invasions into the privacy of individuals. In February 1999, Bush was part of the American delegation to the funeral of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman. In April 1999, Bush called for the release of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet when Spain had him arrested and sought to try him for human rights violations. In May 1999, Bush and his wife Barbara honored six senior citizens during the annual Ageless Heroes honors in Chicago, Illinois. His eldest son, George W. Bush, was inaugurated as the 43rd president of\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10378796\",\n \"text\": \"foreign affairs but a disappointment in domestic affairs. In the minds of voters, his achievements in foreign policy were not enough to overshadow the economic recession, and in 1992, the American public voted for change. Presidency of George H. W. Bush The presidency of George H. W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 1989, when George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as the 41st President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1993. Bush, a Republican, took office after a landslide victory over Democrat Michael Dukakis in the 1988 presidential election. Following his defeat, he was\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11981769\",\n \"text\": \"agencies to find proof that Saddam helped al-Qaeda plan the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder is a 2008 book by former prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi. It argues that George W. Bush took the United States into the invasion of Iraq under false pretenses and should be tried for murder for the deaths of American soldiers in Iraq. The book sold over 130,000 copies within its first three months of release. The book was made into a documentary titled \\\"The Prosecution of an American President\\\" and was\",\n \"title\": \"The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9144094\",\n \"text\": \"11, 2001 attacks from the point of view of President Bush. The movie was a drama, and reviewers stated that its portrayal of George W. Bush, again by Bottoms, was generally in a positive light. In the film \\\"The Master of Disguise\\\", the main character (played by Dana Carvey) dresses up as Bush and comments \\\"Folks around here call me W.\\\" In \\\"Scary Movie 4\\\", the President of the United States is reading a children book in a classroom, similar to George W. Bush's reading of \\\"The Pet Goat\\\". When he is told the nation is under the attack (similar\",\n \"title\": \"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20660061\",\n \"text\": \"there would be a perception that this stuff can't be so bad.\\\" Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration During the administration of American President George H. W. Bush (1989–1993), the United States largely followed the precedents set by the cannabis policy of the Reagan administration, including prosecution of the War on Drugs. In 1989, Bush appointed William Bennett director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Bennet once stated: \\\"why in God's name foster the use of a drug that makes you stupid?\\\" In 1989, the Bush administration began Operation Green Merchant, a nationwide investigation and\",\n \"title\": \"Cannabis policy of the George H. W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12563690\",\n \"text\": \"George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies During President George W. Bush's two term tenure in office, some of his nominations for federal judgeships were blocked by the Senate Democrats either directly in the Senate Judiciary Committee or on the full Senate floor in various procedural moves, including the first use of a fillibuster to block a Federal Appeals Court nominee. Republicans labeled it an unwarranted obstruction of professionally qualified judicial nominees. Soon after the inauguration of Bush as President in January 2001, many liberal academics became worried that he would begin packing the federal judiciary with conservative jurists. Yale law\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4135000\",\n \"text\": \"George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by President George W. Bush since before his presidency. In the summer of 2005, this speculation became newsworthy due to the announcement of the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor on July 1. President Bush announced federal appellate judge John Roberts as O'Connor's replacement on July 19. On September 5, two days after the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Bush renominated Roberts as the 17th Chief Justice of the United States. He was confirmed by the United States Senate\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"150886\",\n \"text\": \"taxes. He lost the 1992 presidential election to Democrat Bill Clinton following an economic recession and the decreased importance of foreign policy in a post–Cold War political climate. After leaving office in 1993, Bush was active in humanitarian activities, often alongside Clinton, his former opponent. With George W. Bush's victory in the 2000 presidential election, Bush and his son became the second father–son pair to serve as President, following John Adams and John Quincy Adams. George Herbert Walker Bush was born at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts on June 12, 1924 to Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy (Walker) Bush.\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20990424\",\n \"text\": \"to serve as an honorary pallbearer as the vessel was making final preparations for deployment. Honorary pallbearers serving during the movement of the casket at points during Stage 3 included Charles F. Hermann (Scowcroft Chair in International Policy Studies at the Bush School of Government and Public Service), Amy Sharp (president of the Texas A&M University Student Government Association), and former Texas A&M football coach R.C. Slocum. Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush On November 30, 2018, George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States, died at his home in Houston, Texas, seven months\",\n \"title\": \"Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6666729\",\n \"text\": \"H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama to work with One America Appeal to help the victims of Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the Gulf Coast and Texas communities. After serving as president, Bush began painting as a hobby after reading Winston Churchill's essay \\\"Painting as a Pastime\\\". Subjects have included people, dogs, and still life. He has also painted self-portraits and portraits of world leaders, including Vladimir Putin and Tony Blair. In February 2017, Bush released a book of portraits of veterans, \\\"Portraits of Courage\\\". The net proceeds from his book are donated to the George W.\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7804353\",\n \"text\": \"Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush On May 8, 2006, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad sent a missive directly to then United States President George W. Bush that proposed \\\"new ways\\\" to end the dispute over the Islamic Republic's development of nuclear power. U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley both reviewed the letter and considered it to be a broad, historic look at the U.S.-Iranian relationship. It was the first direct contact between the American and Iranian heads of state since April 9, 1980. During his joint press conference with then-United Kingdom Prime Minister\",\n \"title\": \"Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9144120\",\n \"text\": \"the episode \\\"Mr. Deity and the Intel\\\" of \\\"Mr. Deity\\\" George W. Bush is portrayed by Louie Sadd, where Mr. Deity (God) is discussing the 2003 War On Terror with Bush, but Deity doesn't understand him that well and does not really know what would happen with the war. Often, when a story involving George W. Bush is shown on \\\"The Daily Show\\\", host Jon Stewart hunches his shoulders, squints his eyes, talks in a voice similar to Bush's, and uses strange hand gestures, occasionally accompanied by \\\"Beavis and Butt-head\\\"-style laughing. In the political comic \\\"Doonesbury\\\", President George W. Bush\",\n \"title\": \"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6666728\",\n \"text\": \"to raise contributions for relief and recovery efforts following the 2010 Haiti earthquake earlier that month. On May 2, 2011, President Obama called Bush, who was at a restaurant with his wife, to inform him that Osama bin Laden had been killed. The Bushes joined the Obamas in New York City to mark the tenth anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. At the Ground Zero memorial, Bush read a letter that President Abraham Lincoln wrote to a widow who lost five sons during the Civil War. On September 7, 2017, Bush partnered with former presidents Jimmy Carter, George\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12942055\",\n \"text\": \"as the pre-inaugural entertainment. Thousands of demonstrators attended the inaugural ceremonies in Washington, D.C., to protest the outcome and controversial circumstances of the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election. Four protesters were arrested and Bush's limousine was hit by a tennis ball and an egg thrown from the crowd during the inaugural parade. Details of the parade were famously derided in the opening chapter of the 2001 #1 bestseller \\\"Stupid White Men\\\", pages 14-15. First inauguration of George W. Bush The first inauguration of George W. Bush as the 43rd President of the United States took place on Saturday, January 20, 2001.\",\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"151006\",\n \"text\": \"of Trump's policies and speaking style, while Trump frequently criticized George W. Bush's presidency. George H. W. Bush later said that he voted for the Democratic nominee, Hillary Clinton, in the general election. After Trump won the election, Bush sent him a congratulatory message. On February 5, 2017, George and Barbara Bush participated in the coin toss for Super Bowl LI. On August 16, 2017, Bush and his son George W. released a joint statement in which they condemned the violence at the Unite the Right rally. On September 7, 2017, Bush partnered with former presidents Carter, Clinton, George W.\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12615290\",\n \"text\": \"George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies During George H.W. Bush's term in office as the President of the United States of America, he nominated 11 individuals for 10 different federal appellate judgeships who were not processed by the Democratic-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee. The Republicans claim that Senate Democrats of the 102nd Congress on purpose tried to keep open particular judgeships as a political maneuver to allow a future Democratic president to fill them. All 10 of the judgeships were eventually filled with Clinton nominees, although one nominee, Roger Gregory, was nominated by Clinton and then renominated by President George\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3705500\",\n \"text\": \"American opposition to the government of Myanmar at the time. Relations with India improved significantly during George W. Bush's tenure. In September 2001, President Bush removed sanctions which had been imposed in May 1998, after the Pokhran-II nuclear tests. Both his Indian contemporaries, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and Manmohan Singh visited the United States at various times. President Bush called Chinese President Hu Jintao March 26, 2008 to express his concern about China's crackdown on protesters in Tibet since March 10, 2008. Bush and Hu also discussed issues including Taiwan, North Korea's denuclearization and Myanmar. Relations with New Zealand under the\",\n \"title\": \"Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12702346\",\n \"text\": \"Political positions of George W. Bush George W. Bush's political positions have been expressed in public statements, and through his actions as President of the United States. George Bush supports enacting generous tax cuts in the model of Ronald Reagan's supply-side fiscal policies. He believes this helps the economy at large. George Bush supports nuclear power and expanded domestic drilling. Bush pledged to work toward reduced reliance on foreign oil by reducing fossil fuel consumption and increasing alternative fuel production. He lifted a ban on offshore drilling in 2008, and said at the time, \\\"This means that the only thing\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14536933\",\n \"text\": \"George W. Bush Childhood Home George W. Bush Childhood Home is a historic house that was home to former U.S. Presidents George W. Bush and George H.W. Bush from 1951 to 1955. It is located at 1412 W. Ohio Ave. in Midland, Texas. The home was built in 1940 and was purchased by the Bush family in 1951 for $9,000 (). They lived in the home until late 1955. It was also the earliest childhood home of Governor Jeb Bush. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It was purchased for $100,000 to become\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush Childhood Home\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14536934\",\n \"text\": \"the museum, which had its opening dedication on April 11, 2006. George W. Bush Childhood Home George W. Bush Childhood Home is a historic house that was home to former U.S. Presidents George W. Bush and George H.W. Bush from 1951 to 1955. It is located at 1412 W. Ohio Ave. in Midland, Texas. The home was built in 1940 and was purchased by the Bush family in 1951 for $9,000 (). They lived in the home until late 1955. It was also the earliest childhood home of Governor Jeb Bush. The house was added to the National Register of\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush Childhood Home\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20990420\",\n \"text\": \"F. Cox, Susan Ford, Chelsea Clinton, and Ivanka Trump with Jared Kushner. Former Vice President Al Gore, former New York Gov. George Pataki, political adviser to George W. Bush Karl Rove, former Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga., Rep. Jim Cooper, D-Tenn., Rep. John Culberson, R-Texas, who represented Bush's old House district, Rep. Mark Meadows, R-N.C., and many other lawmakers attended as well. International leaders attending these services include: Britain's Prince Charles and former Prime Minister John Major and the latter's wife Norma Major, former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Polish President Andrzej Duda and former President\",\n \"title\": \"Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8825190\",\n \"text\": \"Early life of George W. Bush George W. Bush, (1946-) was the oldest child in a family of six children was born in the city of New Haven, Connecticut, grew up in the Texan cities of Midland and Houston. He studied at Yale University and the Harvard Business School before serving in the Texas Air National Guard. Bush would later be part owner and managing partner of the Texas Rangers baseball franchise, become governor of Texas and eventually become the 43rd President of the United States. His father died on November 30, 2018 due to a yet unknown cause. George\",\n \"title\": \"Early life of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12702358\",\n \"text\": \"in the famous Wead tapes that he would not \\\"kick gays\\\" and worried his refusal to do so might upset his evangelical supporters, and that \\\"I think it is bad for Republicans to be kicking gays.\\\" Bush supported \\\"voluntary, student-led prayer\\\" but not \\\"teacher-led prayers.\\\" Bush opposes federal funding for research relating to newly derived embryonic stem cell lines. He supports federal funding for research on pre-existing embryonic stem cell lines. Political positions of George W. Bush George W. Bush's political positions have been expressed in public statements, and through his actions as President of the United States. George Bush\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6666719\",\n \"text\": \"do it again to save lives.\\\" In 2012, he wrote the foreword of \\\"\\\", an economics book published by the George W. Bush Presidential Center. He also presented the book at the Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas. Bush appeared on NBC's \\\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\\\" on November 19, 2013, along with the former First Lady, Laura Bush. When asked by Leno why he does not comment publicly about the Obama administration, Bush said, \\\"I don't think it's good for the country to have a former president criticize his successor.\\\" Despite this statement, on Saturday, April 25, 2015,\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20990396\",\n \"text\": \"Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush On November 30, 2018, George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States, died at his home in Houston, Texas, seven months after the death of his wife of 73 years, Barbara Bush. Bush was the first former president to die since Gerald Ford in 2006; at the age of 94 years and 171 days, Bush was the longest-lived U.S. president in history. His death resulted in Jimmy Carter becoming the oldest living former President of the United States; Carter is also 94, having been born four months after\",\n \"title\": \"Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1371211\",\n \"text\": \"USS George H.W. Bush USS \\\"George H.W. Bush\\\" (CVN-77) is the tenth and final supercarrier of the United States Navy. She is named for the 41st President of the United States and former Director of Central Intelligence George H. W. Bush, who was a naval aviator during World War II. \\\"Bush\\\" callsign is \\\"Avenger\\\", after the TBM Avenger aircraft flown by then-Lieutenant George H.W. Bush in World War II. Construction began in 2003 at the Northrop Grumman Newport News shipyard's Dry Dock 12, the largest in the western hemisphere. She was completed in 2009 at a cost of $6.2 billion\",\n \"title\": \"USS George H.W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12730596\",\n \"text\": \"George H. W. Bush Supreme Court candidates Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by George H. W. Bush even before his presidency officially began, given the advanced ages of several justices. On July 20, 1990, this speculation became newsworthy, due to the announcement of the immediate retirement (and assumption of senior status) of Associate Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. President George H. W. Bush announced David Souter as Brennan's replacement just four days later, and Souter was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 2, 1990, in a 90–9 vote. On June\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush Supreme Court candidates\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9144097\",\n \"text\": \"thus save the world, Bush (played by Steve Bridges) pays them a visit at their garage in Fredrikstad, Norway. \\\"Dasavathaaram\\\" (2008) is an Indian film which stars popular Indian actor Kamal Haasan. He dons ten different roles in this film and one of those is the portrayal of George W. Bush. George W. Bush appears briefly in a still animated frame of the anime version of \\\"Megumi.\\\" Connor Trinneer plays a young George Bush in the 2017 film \\\"American Made\\\". \\\"2DTV\\\" (a UK satire cartoon) regularly portrayed George W. Bush as a childish simpleton who would often make hazardous decisions\",\n \"title\": \"Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6666721\",\n \"text\": \"State Department, and the George W. Bush Institute hosted a daylong forum on education and health with the spouses of the African leaders attending the summit. Bush urged African leaders to avoid discriminatory laws that make the treatment of HIV/AIDS more difficult. Bush has spoken in favor of increased global participation of women in politics and societal matters in foreign countries. On November 2, 2014, Bush spoke at an event to 200 business and civic leaders at the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum to raise awareness for the upcoming Museum of the Bible in Washington D.C. Bush published\",\n \"title\": \"George W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13934822\",\n \"text\": \"Bush & Sons, eventually passed the lumber business to J. Danforth Bush's firm, a partnership with Robert B. Rayner. Bush also took on a large role in his father's company. After George W. Bush died in 1900, his sons incorporated their coal and transportation business as the George W. Bush & Sons Company. J. Danforth Bush was made vice president of the company. Bush was a prominent member of the Delaware Game Protective Association, at one time serving as that organization's vice president for New Castle County. He also served as treasurer and secretary at various times. J. Danforth Bush\",\n \"title\": \"J. Danforth Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19381539\",\n \"text\": \"became the probable Republican nominee, completing a transformation of his status from loser to front-runner in 29 days. After Bush's convincing performance on Super Tuesday on March 8, in which he won all 16 primaries, Dole dropped out of the race, making Bush the de facto Republican nominee. After it became clear that Bush would be the Republican nominee, President Ronald Reagan endorsed him, saying in May 1988 that \\\"I'm going to work as hard as I can to make Vice President George Bush the next president of the United States\\\". Reagan did not campaign strongly for Bush during the\",\n \"title\": \"George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1371239\",\n \"text\": \"the Franco-American exercise Chesapeake Mission, with twelve Dassault Aviation Rafale M and a Grumman E-2C Hawkeye from the French Navy embarked on board. USS George H.W. Bush USS \\\"George H.W. Bush\\\" (CVN-77) is the tenth and final supercarrier of the United States Navy. She is named for the 41st President of the United States and former Director of Central Intelligence George H. W. Bush, who was a naval aviator during World War II. \\\"Bush\\\" callsign is \\\"Avenger\\\", after the TBM Avenger aircraft flown by then-Lieutenant George H.W. Bush in World War II. Construction began in 2003 at the Northrop Grumman\",\n \"title\": \"USS George H.W. Bush\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3706438\",\n \"text\": \"v. Bollinger. In his first term, Bush appointed Colin Powell as Secretary of State. Powell was the first African-American man to serve in that position, and was succeeded by Condoleezza Rice: Rice became the first African-American woman to hold the post. In 2005, he appointed Alberto Gonzales as the United States Attorney General, the first Hispanic to hold that position. Bush met with the National Urban League, the nation's oldest civil rights organization during his term of office as well. President George W. Bush signed into law the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). The bill protects Americans against discrimination based\",\n \"title\": \"Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["dick cheney"],"string":"[\n \"dick cheney\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2188,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what currency do italy have?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"69242","text":"currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound, although units of or occasionally also occur. Some currencies do not have any smaller units at all, such as the Icelandic króna. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system; instead, the Mauritanian ouguiya is in theory divided into","title":"Currency"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69242\",\n \"text\": \"currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound, although units of or occasionally also occur. Some currencies do not have any smaller units at all, such as the Icelandic króna. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system; instead, the Mauritanian ouguiya is in theory divided into\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"6988633","text":"Amazon.co.uk, \"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \"What Do I Have to Do?\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig).\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"What Do I Have to Do\". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do \"What Do I Have to Do\"","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"6988625","text":"What Do I Have to Do \"What Do I Have to Do\" is a song performed by Australian singer and songwriter Kylie Minogue taken from her third studio album \"Rhythm of Love\" (1990). The song was written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Originally, the song was planned to be released after the single \"Better the Devil You Know\", but instead \"Step Back in Time\" was released and this was released as the third single on 21 January 1991. The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who thought the song was an instant rave classic. The song","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"18598193","text":"At the end of the chorus, a car drives off. During the second verse, the video cuts between shots of the band performing and the car driving. At the video's end, the camera pulls around and reveals that Hall and the woman have both died. What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song) \"What Do I Have to Do?\" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the band's 1996 album \"Wither Blister Burn & Peel\". The song is considered the group's first hit and breakout single. The","title":"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song)"},{"psg_id":"6988629","text":"great songs and suddenly Kylie was a little bit cool.\" Jason Shawahn from About.com said along with \"Better The Devil You Know\" and \"Wouldn't Change a Thing\"; \"are nothing if not pop masterpieces.\" He also labelled the song as a \"pop classic\". NME voted the song as the thirtieth best track of 1991. \"What Do I Have to Do\" debuted at number twenty-seven on the Australian Singles Chart, until rising and peaking at number eleven, staying there for two consecutive weeks. The song then debuted at number ninety-nine on the Dutch Top 40, until peaking at number eighty-one for one","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"6988628","text":"as the third single off the album instead, and the track was specially remixed for single release. The 1999 biographical book \"Girl Next Door\" identified this track as Kylie's favourite to perform live. The single artwork was photographed by Robert Erdmann. \"What Do I Have To Do?\" received very positive reviews from many music critics. While reviewing the album \"Rhythm of Love\" (1990), Chris True from Allmusic highlighted the song as an album standout. While reviewing \"Ultimate Kylie\", Mark Edwards from Stylus Magazine gave it a positive remark, saying along with \"Shocked\", \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\"; \"were","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"6988627","text":"is synth orienated and has multilayered vocals. Much of the synth was omitted and the drums, bass and vocals were toned down for the second album version. The third version, the 7\" Mix, contains a newer drum track, multilayered vocals in the chorus and relies much less on the synthesizers on the album version. This version of the song also contains samples from American comedian Sam Kinison, and was used for the music video. Originally, \"What Do I Have To Do\" was planned to be released as the follow-up single to \"Better the Devil You Know\", but was later released","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"psg_id":"18598192","text":"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song) \"What Do I Have to Do?\" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the band's 1996 album \"Wither Blister Burn & Peel\". The song is considered the group's first hit and breakout single. The song's music video begins with a shot of vocalist Christopher Hall standing in a desert, before falling backwards. The song begins with a woman singing the first verse. When the chorus starts, the video cuts to a shot of the band performing in the desert.","title":"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song)"},{"psg_id":"17579980","text":"to unknown circumstances. \"Do What U Want\" reached number one in Hungary while peaking within the top 10 in Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Lebanon, Norway, Scotland, South Korea, Spain and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Live performances of the song were televised on the 2013 American Music Awards, \"\", \"Saturday Night Live\", America's \"The Voice\", and Britain's \"The X Factor\". Several remixes of the song were released, including ones with vocals from Christina Aguilera and Rick Ross. \"Do What U","title":"Do What U Want"},{"psg_id":"17551281","text":"number seven on the UK Singles Chart. It has also charted in Belgium, Italy and the Netherlands. After its charting in September 2013, the single was re-released alongside new remixes on 14 October 2013. The original official music video, directed by You Ness and produced by Faye Adams, was shot around London in September 2012 and released in November 2012. It stars Rhian Chambers and Sean McPherson. A second video was released in October 2013 to coincide with the re-release of the single. What I Might Do \"What I Might Do\" is the debut single of Manchester-based English DJ/producer Ben","title":"What I Might Do"},{"psg_id":"19648063","text":"to forecasted cash flows and don’t allow hedging economic risk. Currency analytics allow companies to mitigate cash flow risk by uncovering accounting exposures to match the economic exposures so the company can hedge the accounting exposure as a proxy. Currency analytics enable what/if scenario analysis so companies can model how volatility in particular currencies could impact their revenue and expenses in the future. Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange","title":"Currency analytics"},{"psg_id":"14121335","text":"and believe that nothing is impossible with God. That's what faith can do. The take-away message is to know that God cares for you personally and that He wants a personal relationship with each and every one of us. For believers, the song is a reminder about making a faithful commitment to live with the kind of faith that God calls each of us to have.\" The music video for the single \"What Faith Can Do\" was released on February 12, 2010. What Faith Can Do \"What Faith Can Do\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from","title":"What Faith Can Do"},{"psg_id":"17338141","text":"by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \"Affection\" and on \"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\". They were also featured on \"The Collection","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"4105804","text":"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,","title":"Currency union"},{"psg_id":"1793157","text":"expression has become a snowclone, sometimes for humorous effect. For example, \"What Would Jesus Buy?\", \"What Would Lincoln Do?\", \"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\", \"What Would Mary Marvel Do?\", \"What Would Johnny Cash Do?\", and \"What would Tintin do?\". The term \"What Would Jesus Do?\" or \"WWJD\" is also perceived as a fundamental management and leadership principle given Jesus' methodology of going to the marketplace to preach and lead by example. In modern management principles, more academic and professional references are going to the gemba or Management by Walking Around. What would Jesus do? The phrase \"What would Jesus do?\"","title":"What would Jesus do?"},{"psg_id":"19334529","text":"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \"New Eyes\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The","title":"What We Do in Secret"},{"psg_id":"19334526","text":"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \"New Eyes\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The","title":"What We Do in Secret"},{"psg_id":"6695713","text":"covered by Reba McEntire for her 1994 album, \"Read My Mind.\" As listed in liner notes. What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\" and \"Down to My Last Teardrop\" both at number two, \"Some Kind of Trouble\" at number three, and \"If","title":"What Do I Do with Me"},{"psg_id":"6695712","text":"What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\" and \"Down to My Last Teardrop\" both at number two, \"Some Kind of Trouble\" at number three, and \"If Your Heart Ain't Busy Tonight\" at number four. The track \"Everything That You Want\" was later","title":"What Do I Do with Me"},{"psg_id":"662361","text":"in Canada and over 400 in the United Kingdom. Australia, France, New Zealand, and Switzerland have similar systems. Kenya: Senegal: South Africa: Japan: Hong Kong: Indonesia: Malaysia: Bangladesh [Chandpur Chittagonj Dhaka] Australia: Canada: \"See List of Canadian community currencies\"<br> Mexico: United States: \"See List of community currencies in the United States\" Argentina: Brazil: Venezuela: Austria: Belgium: Czech Republic: Denmark: France: Germany: Hungary: Greece: Italy: Latvia: Malta: Netherlands: Russia: Slovakia: Spain: Switzerland: Ukraine: United Kingdom: [[Category:Local currencies| ]] [[Category:Freiwirtschaft]] [[Category:Localism (politics)]] [[Category:Monetary reform]] [[Category:Community building]] Local currency In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a","title":"Local currency"},{"psg_id":"1793154","text":"mean, die in tenements, and walk the streets for jobs, and never have a piano or a picture in the house, and grow up in misery and drunkenness and sin.\"</poem> This leads to many of the novel's characters asking, \"What would Jesus do?\" when faced with decisions of some importance. This has the effect of making the characters embrace Christianity more seriously and to focus on what they see as its core — the life of Christ. In 1993, Garrett W. Sheldon (great-grandson of the original author) and Deborah Morris published \"What Would Jesus Do? : a contemporary retelling of","title":"What would Jesus do?"},{"psg_id":"1507204","text":"Reserve currency A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a currency that is held in significant quantities by governments and institutions as part of their foreign exchange reserves. The reserve currency is commonly used in international transactions, international investments and all aspects of the global economy. It is often considered a hard currency or safe-haven currency. People who live in a country that issues a reserve currency can purchase imports and borrow across borders more cheaply than people in other nations because they do not need to exchange their currency to do so. By the end of the 20th century,","title":"Reserve currency"},{"psg_id":"17580000","text":"and the Netherlands' Mega Single Top 100 at number 27. It also entered the Finnish Download Chart at number two. In South Korea, the song sold 10,576 digital downloads, reaching number eight in the Gaon Digital Chart. It fell to number 13 the next week, selling a further 7,184 copies. Following the album release, the song sold 20,309 copies and reached a new peak of number two. \"Do What U Want\" reached the top of the charts in Greece, and also reached the top-ten in Finland, France, Italy, and Spain. The song debuted at number 50 on the Japan Hot","title":"Do What U Want"},{"psg_id":"20334753","text":"success. He has further gone on to call that rather than demonetization as an exercise, better end to end income and asset tracking mechanisms, including the usage of biometric systems such as Aadhaar will be instrumental in battling 'black money'. I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with","title":"I Do What I Do"},{"psg_id":"20334751","text":"I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with his commentary on the economic and political context prevalent at that time. The book was released on September 5, 2017 and quickly made its way to topping the list of best sellers on Amazon India and Flipkart. The book has","title":"I Do What I Do"},{"psg_id":"15814084","text":"& Tracks for the chart week of January 15, 2000. Do What You Gotta Do \"Do What You Gotta Do\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \"Friday Night in America\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \"Sevens\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \"RPM\"","title":"Do What You Gotta Do"},{"psg_id":"15814082","text":"Do What You Gotta Do \"Do What You Gotta Do\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \"Friday Night in America\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \"Sevens\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. The song was issued over two years","title":"Do What You Gotta Do"},{"psg_id":"662357","text":"created. Though virtual currencies are not 'local' in the tradition sense, they do cater to the specific needs of a particular community, a virtual community. Once in circulation, they add to the total effective purchasing power of the on-line population as in the case of local currencies. The Chinese government has begun to tax the coins as they are exchanged from virtual currency to actual hard currency. Local currencies and the Transition Towns movement in the UK have been criticized for failing to address the needs of the wider population, especially lower socio-economic groups. Such local currency initiatives have been","title":"Local currency"},{"psg_id":"5067790","text":"considered a form of alternative currency. Barters are another type of alternative currency. These are actually exchange systems, which only trade items; thus without the use of any currency whatsoever. Finally, LETS is a special form of barter which trades points for items. One point stands for one worker-hour of work. Complementary currencies are often designed intentionally to address specific issues, for example to increase financial stability. Most complementary currencies have multiple purposes and/or are intended to address multiple issues. They can be useful for communities that do not have access to financial capital, and for adjusting peoples' spending behavior.","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"10038255","text":"Ain't What You Do \"Ain't What You Do\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \"Nu-Flow\". \"Ain't What You Do\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \"Ain't What You Do\" is based on Fun Boy Three and Bananarama's collaboration \"It Ain't What You Do (It's the","title":"Ain't What You Do"},{"psg_id":"18937851","text":"later, it returned to the number one spot for another two weeks. This means that it has spent five non-consecutive weeks at number one in the UK Singles Chart. Bieber became only the fourth person to have the same single reach number one on the UK Singles Chart on three separate occasions. The other songs to top the chart three separate times are Frankie Laine's \"I Believe\", Guy Mitchell's \"Singing the Blues\" and Pharrell Williams' \"Happy\". 'What Do You Mean?' was the ninth best-selling single of 2015 in the UK with combined sales of 988,000 copies. In Australia, \"What Do","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"9930755","text":"vocalists on \"If Love Was a River\", which they also co-wrote. Adam Wright also wrote the track \"Strong Enough\". Giving the album all four stars, \"People\" magazine said on the album that Jackson \"continues to sound more and more like Merle Haggard, which is tantamount to approaching perfection.\" \"What I Do\" debuted at #1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 selling 139,000 copies, becoming his third #1 album, and #1 on the Top Country Albums, becoming his seventh #1 country album. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA in October 2004. What I Do What I Do is the twelfth","title":"What I Do"},{"psg_id":"9930754","text":"What I Do What I Do is the twelfth studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on September 7, 2004, and produced four singles for Jackson on the Hot Country Songs charts: \"Too Much of a Good Thing\" and \"Monday Morning Church\" both reached #5, while \"The Talkin' Song Repair Blues\" and \"USA Today\" both reached #18. \"What I Do\", however, was the first album of his career not to produce any #1 hits. The Wrights, a duo composed of Adam and Shannon Wright (the former of whom is Jackson's nephew) are featured as background","title":"What I Do"},{"psg_id":"18580480","text":"Japanese yen (JPY). Currencies are traded in pairs. The above-mentioned eight currencies can generate 28 different currency pairs that can be traded. However, not all of them are quoted by forex market makers. Depending on the liquidity of currencies, there are 18 currency pairs which are quoted by forex market makers. These pairs are: As soon as trading has to take place for a non trading(non quoted) currency pairs or for pairs which do not have enough liquidity, an alternate route is taken to create the currency pair. The pair thus created is known as synthetic pair. A synthetic currency","title":"Synthetic currency pair"},{"psg_id":"17514848","text":"1972 studio album \"See All Her Faces\". Yellowman covered it for \"King Yellowman\" (1984). \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is sampled in \"Upgrade U\" by Beyoncé and Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's album \"B'Day\" (2006) and in \"No Homo Outro\", a track from \"Turtleneck & Chain\" (2011) by The Lonely Island. Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \"My First Time Around\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records.","title":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do"},{"psg_id":"17514846","text":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \"My First Time Around\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records. It reached number thirty-three on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number fifteen on the US Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles. It has been covered and sampled by several artists. \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" is a song written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid. It was arranged by","title":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do"},{"psg_id":"16345967","text":"In the \"What Ya Wanna Do\" music video, all the featured rappers spit verses by turn, recording their posse cut in the studio. The song contains a sample from \"Do You Wanna Go Party\" as written by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and performed by KC and the Sunshine Band on their sixth studio album \"Do You Wanna Go Party\". Adapted from Discogs What Ya Wanna Do \"What Ya Wanna Do?\" is a single by American recording artist Ice-T from his third studio album \"The Iceberg/Freedom of Speech...Just Watch What You Say\". It was released in 1989 via Sire","title":"What Ya Wanna Do"},{"psg_id":"12138900","text":"the past: \"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\" Its B-side is \"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \"How Could Something\" and by Chamillionaire for \"Void In My Life\". The music video was an imitation of \"The Godfather\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson","title":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"10038256","text":"Way That You Do It)\". UK CD 1 UK CD 2 Ain't What You Do \"Ain't What You Do\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \"Nu-Flow\". \"Ain't What You Do\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \"Ain't What You Do\" is based on Fun Boy","title":"Ain't What You Do"},{"psg_id":"17579986","text":"\"Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Write what you want, say what you want about me/ If you want you know that I'm not sorry\". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, \"Do What U Want\" is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of A major with Gaga's vocals spanning the tonal nodes of E to F. The song follows a basic sequence of D–E–Fm–E–D–E as its chord","title":"Do What U Want"},{"psg_id":"4858253","text":"a capital flight. Others, like some of the followers of the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) school, have argued that a region with its own currency cannot have a Balance of Payments crisis because there exists a mechanism, the TARGET2 system, that ensures that Eurozone member countries can always fund their current account deficits. These authors do not claim that the current account imbalances in the Eurozone are irrelevant but simply that a currency union cannot have a balance of payments crisis proper. Some authors tackling the crisis from an MMT perspective have claimed that those authors who are denoting the","title":"Currency crisis"},{"psg_id":"20608312","text":"Radio\" and \"Because I Love You\" (the band's most popular songs). The perennial \"Because I Love You\" also gained new prominence around that time via its use in a series of advertisements for a well-known brand of jeans; the revamped version of \"Because I Love You\" peaked at No. 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Charts. Side B is live recordings taken from the 1988 reunion tour. All songs written by Doug Ford and Jim Keays, except where noted. Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the","title":"Do What You Wanna Do (album)"},{"psg_id":"20608310","text":"Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the Masters Apprentices, released in November 1988 on Virgin Records. It was the group's first album in 17 years since \"A Toast To Panama Red\". In the early 1980s there was a revival of interest in the Masters Apprentices due partly to rock historian Glenn A. Baker, who featured the band for his \"Rock & Roll Trivia Show\" on Sydney radio's Triple J, which in turn led to the release of a definitive compilation LP, \"Hands of Time\" by Baker's Raven Records in","title":"Do What You Wanna Do (album)"},{"psg_id":"8557191","text":"What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United States President Ronald Reagan as a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians. The phrase derives by analogy from the earlier phrase What would Jesus do? and its related initialism WWJD, coined in the 1890s and repopularized during the 1990s. While the phrase \"What would Reagan do?\" has existed since at least the early 2000s, it","title":"What would Reagan do?"},{"psg_id":"14394682","text":"get to know that they won the first prize of a lottery and they don't have to do any fraud activities to live from now. Currency (film) Currency is a 2009 Malayalam crime film by directed by Swathi Bhaskar starring Mukesh, Jayasurya, Kalabhavan Mani and Meera Nandan. The film is inspired from the film \"The Man Who Copied\". Keshu (Jayasurya) is a school drop-out. An introvert, he is working in a Photocopy store, owned by Indrapalan (Suraj Venjaramood). Keshu is crazy about Rose (Meera Nandan), a sales girl in the nearby boutique. Keshu often takes Photocopies of currency notes which","title":"Currency (film)"},{"psg_id":"3281562","text":"Cheque, Money Order. Some exchangers also sell and fund pre-paid debit cards to make it easier for their clientele to convert DGC into an easily spendable form of national currency. DGCs are known as private currency as they are not issued by governments. Unlike the credit card industry, digital gold currency issuers generally do not have services to dispute or reverse charges. So, reversing transactions, even in case of a legitimate error, unauthorized use, or failure of a vendor to supply goods is difficult, if not impossible. This means that using digital gold currency is more akin to a cash","title":"Digital gold currency"},{"psg_id":"19648059","text":"Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange risk, FX risk, or currency risk) is especially high in periods of high currency volatility. Currency analytics are technology tools that enable global companies to manage the risk associated with currency volatility. Currency analytics often involve automation that helps companies access and validate currency exposure data and make decisions that mitigate currency risk. Currency volatility can impact a company’s balance sheet and/or cash","title":"Currency analytics"},{"psg_id":"5067799","text":"as the Community Exchange System, WIR and Friendly Favors, Tibex in the Lazio region in Italy or the proposed global currency terra. A community currency is a type of complementary currency that has the explicit aim to support and build more equal, connected and sustainable societies. A community currency is designed to be used by a specific group. Some complementary currency activists are Belgian ex-banker Bernard Lietaer, British economist Hazel Henderson, Dutch STRO-director Henk van Arkel that developed Cyclos, Qoin initiators Edgar Kampers and Rob van Hilten, Paul Glover of Ithaca HOURS, Margrit Kennedy from Monneta, LETSystem inventor Michael Linton,","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"4851803","text":"what you say. Life is also about what you do\". \"Vibe\" noted that with \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\", Jackson stands up to men. \"New York\" magazine's Chris Smith called the song's chorus \"fully belligerent\". In a \"Billboard\" publication, Nelson George noted its \"taunting, tigerish\" beat. Ed Gonzalez from Slant Magazine commented, \"Nothing sends me into a trembling, corner-cowering stupor than a giggly, under-enunciated Janet Jackson jam.\" Critical reviews for \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" were positive. \"Rolling Stone\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Rob Hoerburger expressed that \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" erased the former \"pop-ingénue image\" of","title":"What Have You Done for Me Lately"},{"psg_id":"4183547","text":"addition, over 90 central banks are engaged in DLT discussions, including implications of a central bank issued digital currency. In March 2018, the Marshall Islands became the first country to issue their own cryptocurrency and certify it as legal tender; the currency is called the \"sovereign\". Canada The Bank of Canada have explored the possibility of creating a version of its currency on the blockchain. The Bank of Canada teamed up with the nation’s five largest banks — and the blockchain consulting firm R3 — for what was known as Project Jasper. In a simulation run in 2016, the central","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"10159600","text":"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the","title":"Currency-counting machine"},{"psg_id":"18937858","text":"Do You Mean?\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"4957584","text":"Knowing which currencies are tied to which commodities can assist greatly with trading decisions. All in all, If looking to trade commodity currencies it is extremely important to closely follow the movements of the commodities to which they are tied and short or long a currency accordingly. Most commodities that are tied to currencies are natural resources such as gold, oil timber and other minerals. However the mining of these raw resources can lead to immense externalities such as pollution. Countries that do not have their currency informally tied to a commodity will naturally have an easier time cutting down","title":"Commodity currency"},{"psg_id":"6394812","text":"sped up, to raise its key to E minor, with re-recorded vocals and guitar. The members of Pink Floyd have contributed to the confusion regarding the identity of this track, misidentifying \"What Shall We Do Now?\" as \"Empty Spaces\" on multiple occasions, such as in the track listing for the film version of \"The Wall\", and on Waters' \"The Wall Live in Berlin\". On other occasions (such as the officially released live version), the first and second parts of the track are divided and identified as \"Empty Spaces\" and \"What Shall We Do Now?\" respectively, even though they are in","title":"What Shall We Do Now?"},{"psg_id":"2480285","text":"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate","title":"Currency board"},{"psg_id":"69222","text":"a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store. Trade could only reach as far as the credibility of that military. By the late Bronze Age, however, a series of treaties had established safe passage for merchants around the Eastern Mediterranean, spreading from Minoan Crete and Mycenae in the northwest to Elam and Bahrain in the southeast. It is not known what was used as a currency for these exchanges, but it is thought that ox-hide shaped ingots of copper, produced in Cyprus, may have functioned as a currency. It is thought that the","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"12138899","text":"the same level of solo success as sister Janet or brother Michael, \"Do What You Do\" was one of six top 20 solo hits on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for the singer. The song peaked at No. 13 on the Hot 100, No. 14 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart, and spent three weeks atop the \"Billboard\" adult contemporary chart. The song was one of Jackson's biggest hits in the UK, where it reached No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart. In the ballad, Jackson is requesting that his lover continue with certain enjoyable events they have both experienced in","title":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"17514847","text":"Ray Love and produced by Brad Shapiro and Steve Alaimo for Wright's recording, which was released as a 7\" single in 1968 by Alston Records—it was Wright's first release under that label. The B-side for the single was \"Sweet Lovin' Daddy\". \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" peaked at number thirty-three on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and at number fifteen on the US Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles. The song's theme was unpopular with the feminist movement, according to Andrew Hamilton from AllMusic. Dusty Springfield recorded a cover version \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\" for her","title":"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do"},{"psg_id":"16774477","text":"the 2010 election. A majority of those he spoke with and listened to were Republicans, especially among the 87 new legislators. The title of the book, \"Do Not Ask What Good We Do\", is taken from a sentence in a letter from Fisher Ames to Thomas Dwight, dated May 30, 1796: \"Do not ask what good we do : that is not a fair question, in these days of faction.\" The prologue to the book details how, on the night of Obama's inauguration, a group of around 15 Republican Representatives and Senators met in the Caucus Room, a \"high-end D.C.","title":"Do Not Ask What Good We Do"},{"psg_id":"16774476","text":"Do Not Ask What Good We Do Do Not Ask What Good We Do: Inside the U.S. House of Representatives is a 2012 book by the author Robert Draper and published by Free Press. It details the activities of Republicans and Democrats in the United States House of Representatives and the Senate during the first term of Barack Obama's presidency. The book was republished under the title When the Tea Party Came to Town. In order to research the activities and politics within the House of Representatives, Draper \"embedded with new and senior House members\" that had been elected in","title":"Do Not Ask What Good We Do"},{"psg_id":"12138898","text":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song) \"Do What You Do\" is a single by American R&B singer Jermaine Jackson, sibling of singers Michael and Janet Jackson and former member of The Jackson 5. It was released as the second single from his 1984 album, entitled \"Jermaine Jackson\" in the United States but marketed as \"Dynamite\" in the United Kingdom and other countries. This was one of Jermaine's first releases with Arista Records after a long recording career with Motown Records, first as a member of The Jackson 5, then later as a solo artist. Although Jermaine Jackson never achieved","title":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"9854119","text":"What Would Joey Do? What Would Joey Do? is a 2003 novel in a series by Jack Gantos about the character, Joey Pigza. The title is a play on the Christian phrase \"What would Jesus do?\", which Mrs. Lapp, Joey's homeschooling tutor, asks him at her doorstep on every visit. The phrase is also a mirror to Joey's own trouble-filled life, as to which choice would be the best for \"mopping up the messy corners of his life.\" The book deals with Joey as he tries to take charge of correcting his wrongs in his life and the lives of","title":"What Would Joey Do?"},{"psg_id":"6528922","text":"Do What U Like \"Do What U Like\" is the debut single by English boy band Take That. It was released on 12 July 1991 as the lead single from their debut studio album, \"Take That & Party\" (1992). The song was written by Gary Barlow and Ray Hedges, and it was produced by Hedges with additional production by Graham Stack. \"Do What U Like\" was released on 15 July 1991 as the lead single from Take That's debut album \"Take That & Party\" (1992). The single was released on then-manager Nigel Martin-Smith's record label Dance U.K. and was a","title":"Do What U Like"},{"psg_id":"20155752","text":"performed it on \"Sommarkrysset\" and during RIX FM Festival concerts. A music video for the song was released onto YouTube on 12 May 2017. It was filmed in Cyprus and directed by Konrad Aksinowicz. The video sees Margaret as a star of a video game. What You Do (song) \"What You Do\" is a song recorded by Polish singer Margaret for her third studio album, \"Monkey Business\" (2017). The song was written by Margaret, Arash Labaf, Robert Uhlmann, Anderz Wrethov and Thomas Karlsson, and produced by Uhlmann, Labaf and Wrethov, with co-production from Alex Papaconstantinou. \"What You Do\" was released","title":"What You Do (song)"},{"psg_id":"20155751","text":"What You Do (song) \"What You Do\" is a song recorded by Polish singer Margaret for her third studio album, \"Monkey Business\" (2017). The song was written by Margaret, Arash Labaf, Robert Uhlmann, Anderz Wrethov and Thomas Karlsson, and produced by Uhlmann, Labaf and Wrethov, with co-production from Alex Papaconstantinou. \"What You Do\" was released worldwide as the lead single from \"Monkey Business\" on 12 May 2017. The single reached number fourteen on the Polish Airplay Chart. It also charted in Russia and received radio airplay in Sweden (the single peaked at number one on RIX FM chart) where Margaret","title":"What You Do (song)"},{"psg_id":"19847957","text":"\"incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial\". Prints of \"What Do Men Want?\" are maintained at the Library of Congress and UCLA Film and Television Archive. What Do Men Want? What Do Men Want? is a 1921 American silent drama film written, produced, and directed by Lois Weber and starring her muse Claire Windsor. As described in a film magazine, at the girls school gymnasium in the small town of Oakdale everyone is happily discussing the upcoming ball with the exception of Bertha (Kessler), who is left to herself by the other girls because her father is in an insane asylum and she","title":"What Do Men Want?"},{"psg_id":"18937838","text":"\"What do you mean / When you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no? / What do you mean / When you don't want me to move, but you tell me to go?.\" \"USA Today\" Carly Mallenbaum, who heard the song in early August, described it as a \"catchy dance track for the club\". Similarly, a writer for \"The Daily Beast\" said, \"['What Do You Mean?' is] pretty damn catchy; a slow-burner that, like that collab, swells into a Bieber banger\". Gil Kaufman of MTV News also called it a \"banger\", explaining, \"the track is classic JB: seductive,","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"18937831","text":"What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and \"slick beat\" elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"16255014","text":"Year. The music video was directed by Peter Zavadil and premiered in April 2002. \"Just What I Do\" debuted at number 55 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of January 19, 2002. Just What I Do \"Just What I Do\" is a song recorded by American country music group Trick Pony. It was released in January 2002 as the third single from their debut album \"Trick Pony\". The song was written by group members Keith Burns and Ira Dean, with Burns taking lead vocals. The song was nominated for a 2003 Grammy Award","title":"Just What I Do"},{"psg_id":"14853338","text":"also stated that \"Jon's voice is crisp and clear, up in front in the mix; and Richie Sambora's guitar work is neat, clean, and growing more minimal by the minute\". Describing the composition, Osrin said that song \"continues the band's trend of recording music that tries to be more socially conscious than rollicking\". Songwriting and production Musicians \"What Do You Got?\" was used in a promotional video for \"Grey's Anatomy\" in Canada. What Do You Got? \"What Do You Got?\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \"Greatest","title":"What Do You Got?"},{"psg_id":"14853334","text":"What Do You Got? \"What Do You Got?\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \"Greatest Hits\" album, released in November 2010. The song is the first single from the compilation album. The song was released on the band's official website on August 27. It was officially released on September 21, 2010 as a digital download, but the physical single was released in Germany on October 22, 2010. \"What Do You Got?\" was written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora and Brett James, produced by Howard Benson and","title":"What Do You Got?"},{"psg_id":"14847428","text":"by Calvert DeForest. \"What the Cowgirls Do\" debuted at number 71 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 9, 1994. What the Cowgirls Do \"What the Cowgirls Do\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in July 1994 as the second single from the album \"When Love Finds You\". The song reached number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Gill and Reed Nielsen. Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably saying that the","title":"What the Cowgirls Do"},{"psg_id":"14121332","text":"What Faith Can Do \"What Faith Can Do\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from their 2009 album of the same name \"It Is Well\". It was released on September 24, 2009, as the lead single. The song became the group's first Hot Christian Songs No. 1, staying there for eight weeks. It lasted 47 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a D major key at 138 beats per minute. \"What Faith Can Do\" was released on September 24, 2009, as the lead single for their sixth studio album \"It Is Well\". The","title":"What Faith Can Do"},{"psg_id":"10538627","text":"of Gulong ng Palad which won most popular song from this album and awqarded by S Magazine as Song of the Year. Sabihin Mo Sa Akin was the theme song of Anne Curtis' Kampanerang Kuba, and finally, Dahil Nagmamahal became the theme song of ABS-CBN's show for Filipino workers abroad entitled Nagmamahal, Kapamilya hosted by Bernadette Sembrano.And. her carrier single, What I do Best won as Best Song Performed by a Female Artist given by iFM Pinoy Music Awards. What I Do Best What I Do Best is Sheryn Regis' second studio album under Star Records, released on July 2005","title":"What I Do Best"},{"psg_id":"20426528","text":"Do What You Gotta Do (Jimmy Webb song) Do What You Gotta Do is a song that was written by Jimmy Webb. It was an R&B hit for Al Wilson in 1968. It was also a hit for Nina Simone that year and a local hit for New Zealand band Larry's Rebels as well. The single was released in December 1967. It was produced by Marc Gordon and arranged by Marty Paich. The B side \"Now I Know What Love Is\". For the week ending Jan 6, 1968, the single was bubbling under the Billboard Hot 100 at 127. By","title":"Do What You Gotta Do (Jimmy Webb song)"},{"psg_id":"20426523","text":"Do What You Gotta Do (Jimmy Webb song) Do What You Gotta Do is a song that was written by Jimmy Webb. It was an R&B hit for Al Wilson in 1968. It was also a hit for Nina Simone that year and a local hit for New Zealand band Larry's Rebels as well. The single was released in December 1967. It was produced by Marc Gordon and arranged by Marty Paich. The B side \"Now I Know What Love Is\". For the week ending Jan 6, 1968, the single was bubbling under the Billboard Hot 100 at 127. By","title":"Do What You Gotta Do (Jimmy Webb song)"},{"psg_id":"5601880","text":"be routed through the DCC provider, which may offer DCC to the customer. If DCC is being offered, the terminal will also display the transaction amount in the customer’s home currency. Visa and MasterCard require the DCC provider to disclose the exchange rate and margin to the cardholder, but not all merchants comply with this obligation, and other card issuers do not have that obligation. The cardholder can then select whether the transaction is to be processed in the local or home currency. If the cardholder chooses to pay in their home currency, the DCC provider will cause the cardholder’s","title":"Dynamic currency conversion"},{"psg_id":"9871204","text":"Elation\" (1995). All tracks written by John Scofield. What We Do What We Do is the second studio album by jazz group The John Scofield Quartet. It was recorded in May 1992 and released the following year on the Blue Note label. Besides John Scofield on guitar, the quartet features saxophonist Joe Lovano, Bill Stewart on drums and Dennis Irwin on bass, replacing Marc Johnson. Irwin and Scofield (both born in 1951) had already recorded together in the mid-1980s with Bennie Wallace on a track for his album \"Sweeping Through the City.\" Irwin would be the bassist on two more","title":"What We Do"},{"psg_id":"9871203","text":"What We Do What We Do is the second studio album by jazz group The John Scofield Quartet. It was recorded in May 1992 and released the following year on the Blue Note label. Besides John Scofield on guitar, the quartet features saxophonist Joe Lovano, Bill Stewart on drums and Dennis Irwin on bass, replacing Marc Johnson. Irwin and Scofield (both born in 1951) had already recorded together in the mid-1980s with Bennie Wallace on a track for his album \"Sweeping Through the City.\" Irwin would be the bassist on two more albums by Scofield, \"Hand Jive\" (1994) and \"Groove","title":"What We Do"},{"psg_id":"8675029","text":"some academic description for the uninitiated. At the time of the book's writing, the author was studying Witchcraft with Maxine and Alex Sanders, with whom Farrar collaborated on the book. What Witches Do What Witches Do is a book by Stewart Farrar, and is an eye-witness account of Wiccan practices, namely that of the Alexandrian coven run by Alex Sanders and his wife Maxine Sanders. Farrar was a practicing witch and a member of an active coven. In this book, he explores his version of the fundamental beliefs and premises of Witchcraft and explains his interpretation of its symbolism. The","title":"What Witches Do"},{"psg_id":"8675028","text":"What Witches Do What Witches Do is a book by Stewart Farrar, and is an eye-witness account of Wiccan practices, namely that of the Alexandrian coven run by Alex Sanders and his wife Maxine Sanders. Farrar was a practicing witch and a member of an active coven. In this book, he explores his version of the fundamental beliefs and premises of Witchcraft and explains his interpretation of its symbolism. The ceremonies presented are primarily from Alexandrian Wicca, as practiced by the author and his wife, Janet Farrar. Much of the book concerns itself with quoting participants in Wiccan rites, with","title":"What Witches Do"},{"psg_id":"20316796","text":"appeared in a video game \"Just Dance 2018\" (as part of the downloadable content for the \"Just Dance Unlimited\" series). On July 10, 2018, French singer Christine and the Queens covered the song at the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge. ! scope=\"row\"| Portugal (AFP) What Lovers Do \"What Lovers Do\" is a song by American pop rock band Maroon 5 featuring American R&B singer SZA. It was released on August 30, 2017, as the lead single from the band's sixth studio album \"Red Pill Blues\" (2017). The song contains an interpolation of the 2016 song \"Sexual\" by Neiked featuring Dyo,","title":"What Lovers Do"},{"psg_id":"20316795","text":"Voice\". In the United States, \"What Lovers Do\" has reached number nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Maroon 5's 13th and SZA's first top 10 in the country. As of September 2017, it has moved 116,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan. The track reached number seven on the ARIA Singles Chart, becoming the band's 10th single in Australia to reach the top 10. \"What Lovers Do\" was featured in the television shows \"Supergirl\", \"This Is Us\", \"Siesta Key\", \"Love Island\" and \"The Only Way Is Essex\" and the film \"I Feel Pretty\". The song also","title":"What Lovers Do"},{"psg_id":"20316792","text":"single \"Don't Wanna Know\", featuring American rapper Kendrick Lamar. Another single, entitled \"Cold\", featuring American rapper Future, was released on February 14, 2017. However, both songs are later appeared in the deluxe edition of \"Red Pill Blues\". In August 2017, videos and Snapchats from lead singer Adam Levine revealed that the group were recording the music video for \"What Lovers Do\" with recording artist SZA. On August 26, 2017, the name \"What Lovers Do\" and cover art for the track were revealed on the online media knowledge base website Genius. The release date for the single was revealed three days","title":"What Lovers Do"},{"psg_id":"20316791","text":"What Lovers Do \"What Lovers Do\" is a song by American pop rock band Maroon 5 featuring American R&B singer SZA. It was released on August 30, 2017, as the lead single from the band's sixth studio album \"Red Pill Blues\" (2017). The song contains an interpolation of the 2016 song \"Sexual\" by Neiked featuring Dyo, therefore Victor Rådström, Dyo and Elina Stridh are credited as songwriters. After extensive touring in support of their fifth studio album, \"V\" (2014), Maroon 5 began the writing and recording sessions for their sixth studio album. On October 11, 2016, the band released the","title":"What Lovers Do"},{"psg_id":"20315179","text":"The song broke a string of records, including the record for the most plays in a single day on Spotify. Commercially, \"Look What You Made Me Do\" has topped the charts in Australia, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Slovakia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It has also received Platinum certifications in Australia, Canada, Italy, Sweden and the United States. It also received Diamond certification in Brazil. The song received a mixed response from music critics. Its music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and upon its release on","title":"Look What You Made Me Do"},{"psg_id":"8388364","text":"What to Do with Daylight What to Do with Daylight is the debut album by New Zealand singer/songwriter, Brooke Fraser released in 2004. \"What to Do with Daylight\" was the top New Zealand album for 2004 (according to RIANZ), and went seven times Platinum. The album title comes from the album's first track \"Arithmetic\", as heard in the line \"Wondering what to do with daylight/Until I can make you mine\". The song was released as the album's fourth single in New Zealand. All five singles from the album reached the top 20 NZ singles chart and achieved No. 1 airplay","title":"What to Do with Daylight"},{"psg_id":"12516222","text":"following Jurgen's resignation. What Would Tyler Durden Do? What Would Tyler Durden Do? (WWTDD) is a gossip blog named for the \"Fight Club\" character Tyler Durden, and playing on the Christian inspirational phrase 'What would Jesus do?' The blog, which is occasionally not safe for work, is notable for publishing rumours, criticism and revealing photographs of celebrities. The posts to the blog typically consist of a report followed by commentary from the author. Its readership is primarily from the United States. In a 2006 Youth Trends survey, What Would Tyler Durden Do? was one of two blogs of the top","title":"What Would Tyler Durden Do?"},{"psg_id":"12516220","text":"What Would Tyler Durden Do? What Would Tyler Durden Do? (WWTDD) is a gossip blog named for the \"Fight Club\" character Tyler Durden, and playing on the Christian inspirational phrase 'What would Jesus do?' The blog, which is occasionally not safe for work, is notable for publishing rumours, criticism and revealing photographs of celebrities. The posts to the blog typically consist of a report followed by commentary from the author. Its readership is primarily from the United States. In a 2006 Youth Trends survey, What Would Tyler Durden Do? was one of two blogs of the top 10 most popular","title":"What Would Tyler Durden Do?"},{"psg_id":"19942754","text":"FM from the BBC TV series \"People Just Do Nothing\". He also performed the song live on the telethon after his appeal video was shown. What Do I Know? \"What Do I Know?\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was included on his third studio album \"÷\" (2017). After the album's release it charted at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart. Sheeran performed the song live with the cast of \"People Just Do Nothing\" on the telethon for Comic Relief 2017. The song is the tenth track on Ed Sheeran's third studio album \"÷\", which was","title":"What Do I Know?"},{"psg_id":"14192578","text":"from the 30-minute repeat. Round 4 With 60 seconds on the clock each team member must describe to their teammate alternately someone or something that's on their card without using the words of said someone or something. For example, TARDIS, they must say it is Doctor Who's time machine and not it is TARDIS. Again the audience is made aware of what is being described due to a caption at the bottom of the screen. The rules are quite relaxed as it is a kids game show. Viewers have the chance to play the online version of What Do Kids","title":"What Do Kids Know?"},{"psg_id":"17579985","text":"\"cool, coital\" singing. The song's chorus is built around arpeggios. \"Complex\" described its \"Do what you want, what you want with my body\" hook as \"catchy and somewhat raunchy\". The song's lyrics represent themes of sexual submissiveness, with Gaga telling off detractors that her thoughts, dreams, and feelings are her own, no matter what one does with her body. Jim Farber of \"New York Daily News\" suggested \"Do What U Want\" to be a response to \"everyone who ever made a tart comment about her — which, by now, involves half the planet\". Gaga and Kelly alternate singing the lines","title":"Do What U Want"},{"psg_id":"13844095","text":"aid society within the community and we would like to make them a tool for deepening interpersonal relationships and trust.\" http://www.qoin.org/what-we-do/past-projects/kyoto4all/ Kyoto4All was a 2006 report written by Peter van Luttervelt, David Beatty and Edgar Kampers for the Dutch Ministry of Environment (then named VROM). The study described a series of monetary models to connect citizens-consumers to the climate change targets of the post-Kyoto period. The Maia Maia Emissions Reduction Currency System, is a scheme developed in Western Australia. The system currency is known as a \"boya\", named after the indigenous Nyungar people's word for rock trading tokens used by","title":"Emissions Reduction Currency System"},{"psg_id":"3281561","text":"protected against inflation, devaluation and other economic risks inherent in fiat currencies. These risks include the monetary policy of countries or territories, which are said by proponents to be harmful to the value of paper currency. can be used to buy, hold, and sell precious metals, but do not promote themselves as an \"investment\", as this implies an anticipated return. Some providers do not sell DGC directly to clients. For those DGCs, e-currency must be bought and sold via a digital currency exchanger. Currency exchangers accept payment in national currencies by a variety of methods, including Bank Wire, Direct Deposit,","title":"Digital gold currency"},{"psg_id":"3745500","text":"Of note is the story of his first wife, Arline, who was diagnosed with tuberculosis. She died while Feynman was working on the Manhattan Project; the book's title is taken from a question she often put to him when he seemed preoccupied with his colleagues' opinions about his work, which echoed his earlier words to her. The book concludes with \"The Value of Science,\" an address he gave at the 1955 autumn meeting of the National Academy of Sciences. What Do You Care What Other People Think? \"What Do You Care What Other People Think?\": Further Adventures of a Curious","title":"What Do You Care What Other People Think?"},{"psg_id":"3745497","text":"What Do You Care What Other People Think? \"What Do You Care What Other People Think?\": Further Adventures of a Curious Character (1988) is the second of two books consisting of transcribed and edited, oral reminiscences from American physicist Richard Feynman. It follows \"Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!\". Richard Feynman received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics. He is a theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as","title":"What Do You Care What Other People Think?"},{"psg_id":"8557362","text":"the result in. The application software then calculates and displays the corresponding amount of money. Currency converters aim to maintain real-time information on current market or bank exchange rates, so that the calculated result changes whenever the value of either of the component currencies does. They do so by connecting to a database of current currency exchange rates. The frequency at which currency converters update the exchange rates they use varies: Yahoo currency converter updates its rates every day, while Convert My Money< every hour. Currency converters usually display a value that is not biased towards buying or selling. This","title":"Currency converter"},{"psg_id":"14969188","text":"that the song contains \"no immediate bells and whistles, but it gains strength with repeated listening.\" The music video was directed by Martin Kahan and premiered in January 1996. \"It's What I Do\" debuted at number 70 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of February 3, 1996. It's What I Do (song) \"It's What I Do\" is a song written by Tom Shapiro and Chuck Jones, and recorded by American country music singer Billy Dean. It was released in January 1996 as the first single and title track from his album \"It's What I","title":"It's What I Do (song)"},{"psg_id":"12851558","text":"around\" and go back to his lover, then hold her, and then tell her how sorry he is for what he did. What I Need to Do \"What I Need To Do\" is a song written by Tom Damphier and Bill Luther, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in January 2000 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's 1999 album \"Everywhere We Go\". The song peaked at number 8 in the United States and number 13 in Canada in 2000. The song describes the narrator thinking about \"what [he] need[s] to do\" as","title":"What I Need to Do"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988633\",\n \"text\": \"Amazon.co.uk, \\\"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \\\"What Do I Have to Do?\\\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig).\\\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988625\",\n \"text\": \"What Do I Have to Do \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\" is a song performed by Australian singer and songwriter Kylie Minogue taken from her third studio album \\\"Rhythm of Love\\\" (1990). The song was written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Originally, the song was planned to be released after the single \\\"Better the Devil You Know\\\", but instead \\\"Step Back in Time\\\" was released and this was released as the third single on 21 January 1991. The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who thought the song was an instant rave classic. The song\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18598193\",\n \"text\": \"At the end of the chorus, a car drives off. During the second verse, the video cuts between shots of the band performing and the car driving. At the video's end, the camera pulls around and reveals that Hall and the woman have both died. What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song) \\\"What Do I Have to Do?\\\" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the band's 1996 album \\\"Wither Blister Burn & Peel\\\". The song is considered the group's first hit and breakout single. The\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988629\",\n \"text\": \"great songs and suddenly Kylie was a little bit cool.\\\" Jason Shawahn from About.com said along with \\\"Better The Devil You Know\\\" and \\\"Wouldn't Change a Thing\\\"; \\\"are nothing if not pop masterpieces.\\\" He also labelled the song as a \\\"pop classic\\\". NME voted the song as the thirtieth best track of 1991. \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\" debuted at number twenty-seven on the Australian Singles Chart, until rising and peaking at number eleven, staying there for two consecutive weeks. The song then debuted at number ninety-nine on the Dutch Top 40, until peaking at number eighty-one for one\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988628\",\n \"text\": \"as the third single off the album instead, and the track was specially remixed for single release. The 1999 biographical book \\\"Girl Next Door\\\" identified this track as Kylie's favourite to perform live. The single artwork was photographed by Robert Erdmann. \\\"What Do I Have To Do?\\\" received very positive reviews from many music critics. While reviewing the album \\\"Rhythm of Love\\\" (1990), Chris True from Allmusic highlighted the song as an album standout. While reviewing \\\"Ultimate Kylie\\\", Mark Edwards from Stylus Magazine gave it a positive remark, saying along with \\\"Shocked\\\", \\\"Give Me Just a Little More Time\\\"; \\\"were\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6988627\",\n \"text\": \"is synth orienated and has multilayered vocals. Much of the synth was omitted and the drums, bass and vocals were toned down for the second album version. The third version, the 7\\\" Mix, contains a newer drum track, multilayered vocals in the chorus and relies much less on the synthesizers on the album version. This version of the song also contains samples from American comedian Sam Kinison, and was used for the music video. Originally, \\\"What Do I Have To Do\\\" was planned to be released as the follow-up single to \\\"Better the Devil You Know\\\", but was later released\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18598192\",\n \"text\": \"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song) \\\"What Do I Have to Do?\\\" is a song by American industrial rock band Stabbing Westward. The song was released as the first single from the band's 1996 album \\\"Wither Blister Burn & Peel\\\". The song is considered the group's first hit and breakout single. The song's music video begins with a shot of vocalist Christopher Hall standing in a desert, before falling backwards. The song begins with a woman singing the first verse. When the chorus starts, the video cuts to a shot of the band performing in the desert.\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do? (Stabbing Westward song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17579980\",\n \"text\": \"to unknown circumstances. \\\"Do What U Want\\\" reached number one in Hungary while peaking within the top 10 in Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Lebanon, Norway, Scotland, South Korea, Spain and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Live performances of the song were televised on the 2013 American Music Awards, \\\"\\\", \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\", America's \\\"The Voice\\\", and Britain's \\\"The X Factor\\\". Several remixes of the song were released, including ones with vocals from Christina Aguilera and Rick Ross. \\\"Do What U\",\n \"title\": \"Do What U Want\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17551281\",\n \"text\": \"number seven on the UK Singles Chart. It has also charted in Belgium, Italy and the Netherlands. After its charting in September 2013, the single was re-released alongside new remixes on 14 October 2013. The original official music video, directed by You Ness and produced by Faye Adams, was shot around London in September 2012 and released in November 2012. It stars Rhian Chambers and Sean McPherson. A second video was released in October 2013 to coincide with the re-release of the single. What I Might Do \\\"What I Might Do\\\" is the debut single of Manchester-based English DJ/producer Ben\",\n \"title\": \"What I Might Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19648063\",\n \"text\": \"to forecasted cash flows and don’t allow hedging economic risk. Currency analytics allow companies to mitigate cash flow risk by uncovering accounting exposures to match the economic exposures so the company can hedge the accounting exposure as a proxy. Currency analytics enable what/if scenario analysis so companies can model how volatility in particular currencies could impact their revenue and expenses in the future. Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange\",\n \"title\": \"Currency analytics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14121335\",\n \"text\": \"and believe that nothing is impossible with God. That's what faith can do. The take-away message is to know that God cares for you personally and that He wants a personal relationship with each and every one of us. For believers, the song is a reminder about making a faithful commitment to live with the kind of faith that God calls each of us to have.\\\" The music video for the single \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" was released on February 12, 2010. What Faith Can Do \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from\",\n \"title\": \"What Faith Can Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338141\",\n \"text\": \"by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \\\"Affection\\\" and on \\\"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\\\". They were also featured on \\\"The Collection\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4105804\",\n \"text\": \"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,\",\n \"title\": \"Currency union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1793157\",\n \"text\": \"expression has become a snowclone, sometimes for humorous effect. For example, \\\"What Would Jesus Buy?\\\", \\\"What Would Lincoln Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Mary Marvel Do?\\\", \\\"What Would Johnny Cash Do?\\\", and \\\"What would Tintin do?\\\". The term \\\"What Would Jesus Do?\\\" or \\\"WWJD\\\" is also perceived as a fundamental management and leadership principle given Jesus' methodology of going to the marketplace to preach and lead by example. In modern management principles, more academic and professional references are going to the gemba or Management by Walking Around. What would Jesus do? The phrase \\\"What would Jesus do?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What would Jesus do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19334529\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \\\"New Eyes\\\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in Secret\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19334526\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \\\"New Eyes\\\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in Secret\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6695713\",\n \"text\": \"covered by Reba McEntire for her 1994 album, \\\"Read My Mind.\\\" As listed in liner notes. What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \\\"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\\\" and \\\"Down to My Last Teardrop\\\" both at number two, \\\"Some Kind of Trouble\\\" at number three, and \\\"If\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Do with Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6695712\",\n \"text\": \"What Do I Do with Me What Do I Do with Me is a 1991 album by American country music singer Tanya Tucker. It was her highest-placing on the Billboard charts reaching #6 in the Country albums and #48 on the Pop albums categories. The album produced four Top Ten hits on the Hot Country Songs charts: \\\"(Without You) What Do I Do with Me\\\" and \\\"Down to My Last Teardrop\\\" both at number two, \\\"Some Kind of Trouble\\\" at number three, and \\\"If Your Heart Ain't Busy Tonight\\\" at number four. The track \\\"Everything That You Want\\\" was later\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Do with Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"662361\",\n \"text\": \"in Canada and over 400 in the United Kingdom. Australia, France, New Zealand, and Switzerland have similar systems. Kenya: Senegal: South Africa: Japan: Hong Kong: Indonesia: Malaysia: Bangladesh [Chandpur Chittagonj Dhaka] Australia: Canada: \\\"See List of Canadian community currencies\\\"<br> Mexico: United States: \\\"See List of community currencies in the United States\\\" Argentina: Brazil: Venezuela: Austria: Belgium: Czech Republic: Denmark: France: Germany: Hungary: Greece: Italy: Latvia: Malta: Netherlands: Russia: Slovakia: Spain: Switzerland: Ukraine: United Kingdom: [[Category:Local currencies| ]] [[Category:Freiwirtschaft]] [[Category:Localism (politics)]] [[Category:Monetary reform]] [[Category:Community building]] Local currency In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a\",\n \"title\": \"Local currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1793154\",\n \"text\": \"mean, die in tenements, and walk the streets for jobs, and never have a piano or a picture in the house, and grow up in misery and drunkenness and sin.\\\"</poem> This leads to many of the novel's characters asking, \\\"What would Jesus do?\\\" when faced with decisions of some importance. This has the effect of making the characters embrace Christianity more seriously and to focus on what they see as its core — the life of Christ. In 1993, Garrett W. Sheldon (great-grandson of the original author) and Deborah Morris published \\\"What Would Jesus Do? : a contemporary retelling of\",\n \"title\": \"What would Jesus do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1507204\",\n \"text\": \"Reserve currency A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a currency that is held in significant quantities by governments and institutions as part of their foreign exchange reserves. The reserve currency is commonly used in international transactions, international investments and all aspects of the global economy. It is often considered a hard currency or safe-haven currency. People who live in a country that issues a reserve currency can purchase imports and borrow across borders more cheaply than people in other nations because they do not need to exchange their currency to do so. By the end of the 20th century,\",\n \"title\": \"Reserve currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17580000\",\n \"text\": \"and the Netherlands' Mega Single Top 100 at number 27. It also entered the Finnish Download Chart at number two. In South Korea, the song sold 10,576 digital downloads, reaching number eight in the Gaon Digital Chart. It fell to number 13 the next week, selling a further 7,184 copies. Following the album release, the song sold 20,309 copies and reached a new peak of number two. \\\"Do What U Want\\\" reached the top of the charts in Greece, and also reached the top-ten in Finland, France, Italy, and Spain. The song debuted at number 50 on the Japan Hot\",\n \"title\": \"Do What U Want\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20334753\",\n \"text\": \"success. He has further gone on to call that rather than demonetization as an exercise, better end to end income and asset tracking mechanisms, including the usage of biometric systems such as Aadhaar will be instrumental in battling 'black money'. I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with\",\n \"title\": \"I Do What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20334751\",\n \"text\": \"I Do What I Do I do what I Do is a non fiction book authored by economist and former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Raghuram Rajan published by Harper Collins India in 2017. The book is a collection of speeches delivered by Rajan during his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India along with his commentary on the economic and political context prevalent at that time. The book was released on September 5, 2017 and quickly made its way to topping the list of best sellers on Amazon India and Flipkart. The book has\",\n \"title\": \"I Do What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15814084\",\n \"text\": \"& Tracks for the chart week of January 15, 2000. Do What You Gotta Do \\\"Do What You Gotta Do\\\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \\\"Friday Night in America\\\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \\\"Sevens\\\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15814082\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Gotta Do \\\"Do What You Gotta Do\\\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \\\"Friday Night in America\\\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \\\"Sevens\\\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks chart. The song was issued over two years\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"662357\",\n \"text\": \"created. Though virtual currencies are not 'local' in the tradition sense, they do cater to the specific needs of a particular community, a virtual community. Once in circulation, they add to the total effective purchasing power of the on-line population as in the case of local currencies. The Chinese government has begun to tax the coins as they are exchanged from virtual currency to actual hard currency. Local currencies and the Transition Towns movement in the UK have been criticized for failing to address the needs of the wider population, especially lower socio-economic groups. Such local currency initiatives have been\",\n \"title\": \"Local currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067790\",\n \"text\": \"considered a form of alternative currency. Barters are another type of alternative currency. These are actually exchange systems, which only trade items; thus without the use of any currency whatsoever. Finally, LETS is a special form of barter which trades points for items. One point stands for one worker-hour of work. Complementary currencies are often designed intentionally to address specific issues, for example to increase financial stability. Most complementary currencies have multiple purposes and/or are intended to address multiple issues. They can be useful for communities that do not have access to financial capital, and for adjusting peoples' spending behavior.\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10038255\",\n \"text\": \"Ain't What You Do \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \\\"Nu-Flow\\\". \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is based on Fun Boy Three and Bananarama's collaboration \\\"It Ain't What You Do (It's the\",\n \"title\": \"Ain't What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937851\",\n \"text\": \"later, it returned to the number one spot for another two weeks. This means that it has spent five non-consecutive weeks at number one in the UK Singles Chart. Bieber became only the fourth person to have the same single reach number one on the UK Singles Chart on three separate occasions. The other songs to top the chart three separate times are Frankie Laine's \\\"I Believe\\\", Guy Mitchell's \\\"Singing the Blues\\\" and Pharrell Williams' \\\"Happy\\\". 'What Do You Mean?' was the ninth best-selling single of 2015 in the UK with combined sales of 988,000 copies. In Australia, \\\"What Do\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9930755\",\n \"text\": \"vocalists on \\\"If Love Was a River\\\", which they also co-wrote. Adam Wright also wrote the track \\\"Strong Enough\\\". Giving the album all four stars, \\\"People\\\" magazine said on the album that Jackson \\\"continues to sound more and more like Merle Haggard, which is tantamount to approaching perfection.\\\" \\\"What I Do\\\" debuted at #1 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 selling 139,000 copies, becoming his third #1 album, and #1 on the Top Country Albums, becoming his seventh #1 country album. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA in October 2004. What I Do What I Do is the twelfth\",\n \"title\": \"What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9930754\",\n \"text\": \"What I Do What I Do is the twelfth studio album by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It was released on September 7, 2004, and produced four singles for Jackson on the Hot Country Songs charts: \\\"Too Much of a Good Thing\\\" and \\\"Monday Morning Church\\\" both reached #5, while \\\"The Talkin' Song Repair Blues\\\" and \\\"USA Today\\\" both reached #18. \\\"What I Do\\\", however, was the first album of his career not to produce any #1 hits. The Wrights, a duo composed of Adam and Shannon Wright (the former of whom is Jackson's nephew) are featured as background\",\n \"title\": \"What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18580480\",\n \"text\": \"Japanese yen (JPY). Currencies are traded in pairs. The above-mentioned eight currencies can generate 28 different currency pairs that can be traded. However, not all of them are quoted by forex market makers. Depending on the liquidity of currencies, there are 18 currency pairs which are quoted by forex market makers. These pairs are: As soon as trading has to take place for a non trading(non quoted) currency pairs or for pairs which do not have enough liquidity, an alternate route is taken to create the currency pair. The pair thus created is known as synthetic pair. A synthetic currency\",\n \"title\": \"Synthetic currency pair\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17514848\",\n \"text\": \"1972 studio album \\\"See All Her Faces\\\". Yellowman covered it for \\\"King Yellowman\\\" (1984). \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is sampled in \\\"Upgrade U\\\" by Beyoncé and Jay-Z, from Beyoncé's album \\\"B'Day\\\" (2006) and in \\\"No Homo Outro\\\", a track from \\\"Turtleneck & Chain\\\" (2011) by The Lonely Island. Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \\\"My First Time Around\\\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records.\",\n \"title\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17514846\",\n \"text\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is a single by American recording artist Betty Wright from her debut studio album \\\"My First Time Around\\\" (1968). It was written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid, and released in 1968 by Alston Records. It reached number thirty-three on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and number fifteen on the US Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles. It has been covered and sampled by several artists. \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" is a song written by Willie Clarke and Clarence Reid. It was arranged by\",\n \"title\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16345967\",\n \"text\": \"In the \\\"What Ya Wanna Do\\\" music video, all the featured rappers spit verses by turn, recording their posse cut in the studio. The song contains a sample from \\\"Do You Wanna Go Party\\\" as written by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and performed by KC and the Sunshine Band on their sixth studio album \\\"Do You Wanna Go Party\\\". Adapted from Discogs What Ya Wanna Do \\\"What Ya Wanna Do?\\\" is a single by American recording artist Ice-T from his third studio album \\\"The Iceberg/Freedom of Speech...Just Watch What You Say\\\". It was released in 1989 via Sire\",\n \"title\": \"What Ya Wanna Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12138900\",\n \"text\": \"the past: \\\"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\\\" Its B-side is \\\"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\\\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \\\"How Could Something\\\" and by Chamillionaire for \\\"Void In My Life\\\". The music video was an imitation of \\\"The Godfather\\\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10038256\",\n \"text\": \"Way That You Do It)\\\". UK CD 1 UK CD 2 Ain't What You Do \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \\\"Nu-Flow\\\". \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is based on Fun Boy\",\n \"title\": \"Ain't What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17579986\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Write what you want, say what you want about me/ If you want you know that I'm not sorry\\\". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, \\\"Do What U Want\\\" is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of A major with Gaga's vocals spanning the tonal nodes of E to F. The song follows a basic sequence of D–E–Fm–E–D–E as its chord\",\n \"title\": \"Do What U Want\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4858253\",\n \"text\": \"a capital flight. Others, like some of the followers of the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) school, have argued that a region with its own currency cannot have a Balance of Payments crisis because there exists a mechanism, the TARGET2 system, that ensures that Eurozone member countries can always fund their current account deficits. These authors do not claim that the current account imbalances in the Eurozone are irrelevant but simply that a currency union cannot have a balance of payments crisis proper. Some authors tackling the crisis from an MMT perspective have claimed that those authors who are denoting the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency crisis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20608312\",\n \"text\": \"Radio\\\" and \\\"Because I Love You\\\" (the band's most popular songs). The perennial \\\"Because I Love You\\\" also gained new prominence around that time via its use in a series of advertisements for a well-known brand of jeans; the revamped version of \\\"Because I Love You\\\" peaked at No. 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Charts. Side B is live recordings taken from the 1988 reunion tour. All songs written by Doug Ford and Jim Keays, except where noted. Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20608310\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the Masters Apprentices, released in November 1988 on Virgin Records. It was the group's first album in 17 years since \\\"A Toast To Panama Red\\\". In the early 1980s there was a revival of interest in the Masters Apprentices due partly to rock historian Glenn A. Baker, who featured the band for his \\\"Rock & Roll Trivia Show\\\" on Sydney radio's Triple J, which in turn led to the release of a definitive compilation LP, \\\"Hands of Time\\\" by Baker's Raven Records in\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8557191\",\n \"text\": \"What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United States President Ronald Reagan as a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians. The phrase derives by analogy from the earlier phrase What would Jesus do? and its related initialism WWJD, coined in the 1890s and repopularized during the 1990s. While the phrase \\\"What would Reagan do?\\\" has existed since at least the early 2000s, it\",\n \"title\": \"What would Reagan do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14394682\",\n \"text\": \"get to know that they won the first prize of a lottery and they don't have to do any fraud activities to live from now. Currency (film) Currency is a 2009 Malayalam crime film by directed by Swathi Bhaskar starring Mukesh, Jayasurya, Kalabhavan Mani and Meera Nandan. The film is inspired from the film \\\"The Man Who Copied\\\". Keshu (Jayasurya) is a school drop-out. An introvert, he is working in a Photocopy store, owned by Indrapalan (Suraj Venjaramood). Keshu is crazy about Rose (Meera Nandan), a sales girl in the nearby boutique. Keshu often takes Photocopies of currency notes which\",\n \"title\": \"Currency (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3281562\",\n \"text\": \"Cheque, Money Order. Some exchangers also sell and fund pre-paid debit cards to make it easier for their clientele to convert DGC into an easily spendable form of national currency. DGCs are known as private currency as they are not issued by governments. Unlike the credit card industry, digital gold currency issuers generally do not have services to dispute or reverse charges. So, reversing transactions, even in case of a legitimate error, unauthorized use, or failure of a vendor to supply goods is difficult, if not impossible. This means that using digital gold currency is more akin to a cash\",\n \"title\": \"Digital gold currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19648059\",\n \"text\": \"Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange risk, FX risk, or currency risk) is especially high in periods of high currency volatility. Currency analytics are technology tools that enable global companies to manage the risk associated with currency volatility. Currency analytics often involve automation that helps companies access and validate currency exposure data and make decisions that mitigate currency risk. Currency volatility can impact a company’s balance sheet and/or cash\",\n \"title\": \"Currency analytics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067799\",\n \"text\": \"as the Community Exchange System, WIR and Friendly Favors, Tibex in the Lazio region in Italy or the proposed global currency terra. A community currency is a type of complementary currency that has the explicit aim to support and build more equal, connected and sustainable societies. A community currency is designed to be used by a specific group. Some complementary currency activists are Belgian ex-banker Bernard Lietaer, British economist Hazel Henderson, Dutch STRO-director Henk van Arkel that developed Cyclos, Qoin initiators Edgar Kampers and Rob van Hilten, Paul Glover of Ithaca HOURS, Margrit Kennedy from Monneta, LETSystem inventor Michael Linton,\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4851803\",\n \"text\": \"what you say. Life is also about what you do\\\". \\\"Vibe\\\" noted that with \\\"What Have You Done for Me Lately\\\", Jackson stands up to men. \\\"New York\\\" magazine's Chris Smith called the song's chorus \\\"fully belligerent\\\". In a \\\"Billboard\\\" publication, Nelson George noted its \\\"taunting, tigerish\\\" beat. Ed Gonzalez from Slant Magazine commented, \\\"Nothing sends me into a trembling, corner-cowering stupor than a giggly, under-enunciated Janet Jackson jam.\\\" Critical reviews for \\\"What Have You Done for Me Lately\\\" were positive. \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Rob Hoerburger expressed that \\\"What Have You Done for Me Lately\\\" erased the former \\\"pop-ingénue image\\\" of\",\n \"title\": \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183547\",\n \"text\": \"addition, over 90 central banks are engaged in DLT discussions, including implications of a central bank issued digital currency. In March 2018, the Marshall Islands became the first country to issue their own cryptocurrency and certify it as legal tender; the currency is called the \\\"sovereign\\\". Canada The Bank of Canada have explored the possibility of creating a version of its currency on the blockchain. The Bank of Canada teamed up with the nation’s five largest banks — and the blockchain consulting firm R3 — for what was known as Project Jasper. In a simulation run in 2016, the central\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10159600\",\n \"text\": \"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency-counting machine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937858\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Mean?\\\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \\\"Purpose\\\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \\\"Poo Bear\\\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a pop and tropical house\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4957584\",\n \"text\": \"Knowing which currencies are tied to which commodities can assist greatly with trading decisions. All in all, If looking to trade commodity currencies it is extremely important to closely follow the movements of the commodities to which they are tied and short or long a currency accordingly. Most commodities that are tied to currencies are natural resources such as gold, oil timber and other minerals. However the mining of these raw resources can lead to immense externalities such as pollution. Countries that do not have their currency informally tied to a commodity will naturally have an easier time cutting down\",\n \"title\": \"Commodity currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6394812\",\n \"text\": \"sped up, to raise its key to E minor, with re-recorded vocals and guitar. The members of Pink Floyd have contributed to the confusion regarding the identity of this track, misidentifying \\\"What Shall We Do Now?\\\" as \\\"Empty Spaces\\\" on multiple occasions, such as in the track listing for the film version of \\\"The Wall\\\", and on Waters' \\\"The Wall Live in Berlin\\\". On other occasions (such as the officially released live version), the first and second parts of the track are divided and identified as \\\"Empty Spaces\\\" and \\\"What Shall We Do Now?\\\" respectively, even though they are in\",\n \"title\": \"What Shall We Do Now?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480285\",\n \"text\": \"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate\",\n \"title\": \"Currency board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69222\",\n \"text\": \"a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store. Trade could only reach as far as the credibility of that military. By the late Bronze Age, however, a series of treaties had established safe passage for merchants around the Eastern Mediterranean, spreading from Minoan Crete and Mycenae in the northwest to Elam and Bahrain in the southeast. It is not known what was used as a currency for these exchanges, but it is thought that ox-hide shaped ingots of copper, produced in Cyprus, may have functioned as a currency. It is thought that the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12138899\",\n \"text\": \"the same level of solo success as sister Janet or brother Michael, \\\"Do What You Do\\\" was one of six top 20 solo hits on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart for the singer. The song peaked at No. 13 on the Hot 100, No. 14 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart, and spent three weeks atop the \\\"Billboard\\\" adult contemporary chart. The song was one of Jackson's biggest hits in the UK, where it reached No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart. In the ballad, Jackson is requesting that his lover continue with certain enjoyable events they have both experienced in\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17514847\",\n \"text\": \"Ray Love and produced by Brad Shapiro and Steve Alaimo for Wright's recording, which was released as a 7\\\" single in 1968 by Alston Records—it was Wright's first release under that label. The B-side for the single was \\\"Sweet Lovin' Daddy\\\". \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" peaked at number thirty-three on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, and at number fifteen on the US Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles. The song's theme was unpopular with the feminist movement, according to Andrew Hamilton from AllMusic. Dusty Springfield recorded a cover version \\\"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\\\" for her\",\n \"title\": \"Girls Can't Do What the Guys Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16774477\",\n \"text\": \"the 2010 election. A majority of those he spoke with and listened to were Republicans, especially among the 87 new legislators. The title of the book, \\\"Do Not Ask What Good We Do\\\", is taken from a sentence in a letter from Fisher Ames to Thomas Dwight, dated May 30, 1796: \\\"Do not ask what good we do : that is not a fair question, in these days of faction.\\\" The prologue to the book details how, on the night of Obama's inauguration, a group of around 15 Republican Representatives and Senators met in the Caucus Room, a \\\"high-end D.C.\",\n \"title\": \"Do Not Ask What Good We Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16774476\",\n \"text\": \"Do Not Ask What Good We Do Do Not Ask What Good We Do: Inside the U.S. House of Representatives is a 2012 book by the author Robert Draper and published by Free Press. It details the activities of Republicans and Democrats in the United States House of Representatives and the Senate during the first term of Barack Obama's presidency. The book was republished under the title When the Tea Party Came to Town. In order to research the activities and politics within the House of Representatives, Draper \\\"embedded with new and senior House members\\\" that had been elected in\",\n \"title\": \"Do Not Ask What Good We Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12138898\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song) \\\"Do What You Do\\\" is a single by American R&B singer Jermaine Jackson, sibling of singers Michael and Janet Jackson and former member of The Jackson 5. It was released as the second single from his 1984 album, entitled \\\"Jermaine Jackson\\\" in the United States but marketed as \\\"Dynamite\\\" in the United Kingdom and other countries. This was one of Jermaine's first releases with Arista Records after a long recording career with Motown Records, first as a member of The Jackson 5, then later as a solo artist. Although Jermaine Jackson never achieved\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9854119\",\n \"text\": \"What Would Joey Do? What Would Joey Do? is a 2003 novel in a series by Jack Gantos about the character, Joey Pigza. The title is a play on the Christian phrase \\\"What would Jesus do?\\\", which Mrs. Lapp, Joey's homeschooling tutor, asks him at her doorstep on every visit. The phrase is also a mirror to Joey's own trouble-filled life, as to which choice would be the best for \\\"mopping up the messy corners of his life.\\\" The book deals with Joey as he tries to take charge of correcting his wrongs in his life and the lives of\",\n \"title\": \"What Would Joey Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6528922\",\n \"text\": \"Do What U Like \\\"Do What U Like\\\" is the debut single by English boy band Take That. It was released on 12 July 1991 as the lead single from their debut studio album, \\\"Take That & Party\\\" (1992). The song was written by Gary Barlow and Ray Hedges, and it was produced by Hedges with additional production by Graham Stack. \\\"Do What U Like\\\" was released on 15 July 1991 as the lead single from Take That's debut album \\\"Take That & Party\\\" (1992). The single was released on then-manager Nigel Martin-Smith's record label Dance U.K. and was a\",\n \"title\": \"Do What U Like\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20155752\",\n \"text\": \"performed it on \\\"Sommarkrysset\\\" and during RIX FM Festival concerts. A music video for the song was released onto YouTube on 12 May 2017. It was filmed in Cyprus and directed by Konrad Aksinowicz. The video sees Margaret as a star of a video game. What You Do (song) \\\"What You Do\\\" is a song recorded by Polish singer Margaret for her third studio album, \\\"Monkey Business\\\" (2017). The song was written by Margaret, Arash Labaf, Robert Uhlmann, Anderz Wrethov and Thomas Karlsson, and produced by Uhlmann, Labaf and Wrethov, with co-production from Alex Papaconstantinou. \\\"What You Do\\\" was released\",\n \"title\": \"What You Do (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20155751\",\n \"text\": \"What You Do (song) \\\"What You Do\\\" is a song recorded by Polish singer Margaret for her third studio album, \\\"Monkey Business\\\" (2017). The song was written by Margaret, Arash Labaf, Robert Uhlmann, Anderz Wrethov and Thomas Karlsson, and produced by Uhlmann, Labaf and Wrethov, with co-production from Alex Papaconstantinou. \\\"What You Do\\\" was released worldwide as the lead single from \\\"Monkey Business\\\" on 12 May 2017. The single reached number fourteen on the Polish Airplay Chart. It also charted in Russia and received radio airplay in Sweden (the single peaked at number one on RIX FM chart) where Margaret\",\n \"title\": \"What You Do (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19847957\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial\\\". Prints of \\\"What Do Men Want?\\\" are maintained at the Library of Congress and UCLA Film and Television Archive. What Do Men Want? What Do Men Want? is a 1921 American silent drama film written, produced, and directed by Lois Weber and starring her muse Claire Windsor. As described in a film magazine, at the girls school gymnasium in the small town of Oakdale everyone is happily discussing the upcoming ball with the exception of Bertha (Kessler), who is left to herself by the other girls because her father is in an insane asylum and she\",\n \"title\": \"What Do Men Want?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937838\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"What do you mean / When you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no? / What do you mean / When you don't want me to move, but you tell me to go?.\\\" \\\"USA Today\\\" Carly Mallenbaum, who heard the song in early August, described it as a \\\"catchy dance track for the club\\\". Similarly, a writer for \\\"The Daily Beast\\\" said, \\\"['What Do You Mean?' is] pretty damn catchy; a slow-burner that, like that collab, swells into a Bieber banger\\\". Gil Kaufman of MTV News also called it a \\\"banger\\\", explaining, \\\"the track is classic JB: seductive,\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937831\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Mean? \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \\\"Purpose\\\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \\\"Poo Bear\\\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and \\\"slick beat\\\" elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16255014\",\n \"text\": \"Year. The music video was directed by Peter Zavadil and premiered in April 2002. \\\"Just What I Do\\\" debuted at number 55 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of January 19, 2002. Just What I Do \\\"Just What I Do\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Trick Pony. It was released in January 2002 as the third single from their debut album \\\"Trick Pony\\\". The song was written by group members Keith Burns and Ira Dean, with Burns taking lead vocals. The song was nominated for a 2003 Grammy Award\",\n \"title\": \"Just What I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14853338\",\n \"text\": \"also stated that \\\"Jon's voice is crisp and clear, up in front in the mix; and Richie Sambora's guitar work is neat, clean, and growing more minimal by the minute\\\". Describing the composition, Osrin said that song \\\"continues the band's trend of recording music that tries to be more socially conscious than rollicking\\\". Songwriting and production Musicians \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" was used in a promotional video for \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" in Canada. What Do You Got? \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \\\"Greatest\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Got?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14853334\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Got? \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" album, released in November 2010. The song is the first single from the compilation album. The song was released on the band's official website on August 27. It was officially released on September 21, 2010 as a digital download, but the physical single was released in Germany on October 22, 2010. \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" was written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora and Brett James, produced by Howard Benson and\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Got?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14847428\",\n \"text\": \"by Calvert DeForest. \\\"What the Cowgirls Do\\\" debuted at number 71 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 9, 1994. What the Cowgirls Do \\\"What the Cowgirls Do\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in July 1994 as the second single from the album \\\"When Love Finds You\\\". The song reached number 2 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Gill and Reed Nielsen. Deborah Evans Price, of \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine reviewed the song favorably saying that the\",\n \"title\": \"What the Cowgirls Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14121332\",\n \"text\": \"What Faith Can Do \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from their 2009 album of the same name \\\"It Is Well\\\". It was released on September 24, 2009, as the lead single. The song became the group's first Hot Christian Songs No. 1, staying there for eight weeks. It lasted 47 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a D major key at 138 beats per minute. \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" was released on September 24, 2009, as the lead single for their sixth studio album \\\"It Is Well\\\". The\",\n \"title\": \"What Faith Can Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10538627\",\n \"text\": \"of Gulong ng Palad which won most popular song from this album and awqarded by S Magazine as Song of the Year. Sabihin Mo Sa Akin was the theme song of Anne Curtis' Kampanerang Kuba, and finally, Dahil Nagmamahal became the theme song of ABS-CBN's show for Filipino workers abroad entitled Nagmamahal, Kapamilya hosted by Bernadette Sembrano.And. her carrier single, What I do Best won as Best Song Performed by a Female Artist given by iFM Pinoy Music Awards. What I Do Best What I Do Best is Sheryn Regis' second studio album under Star Records, released on July 2005\",\n \"title\": \"What I Do Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20426528\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Gotta Do (Jimmy Webb song) Do What You Gotta Do is a song that was written by Jimmy Webb. It was an R&B hit for Al Wilson in 1968. It was also a hit for Nina Simone that year and a local hit for New Zealand band Larry's Rebels as well. The single was released in December 1967. It was produced by Marc Gordon and arranged by Marty Paich. The B side \\\"Now I Know What Love Is\\\". For the week ending Jan 6, 1968, the single was bubbling under the Billboard Hot 100 at 127. By\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do (Jimmy Webb song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20426523\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Gotta Do (Jimmy Webb song) Do What You Gotta Do is a song that was written by Jimmy Webb. It was an R&B hit for Al Wilson in 1968. It was also a hit for Nina Simone that year and a local hit for New Zealand band Larry's Rebels as well. The single was released in December 1967. It was produced by Marc Gordon and arranged by Marty Paich. The B side \\\"Now I Know What Love Is\\\". For the week ending Jan 6, 1968, the single was bubbling under the Billboard Hot 100 at 127. By\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do (Jimmy Webb song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601880\",\n \"text\": \"be routed through the DCC provider, which may offer DCC to the customer. If DCC is being offered, the terminal will also display the transaction amount in the customer’s home currency. Visa and MasterCard require the DCC provider to disclose the exchange rate and margin to the cardholder, but not all merchants comply with this obligation, and other card issuers do not have that obligation. The cardholder can then select whether the transaction is to be processed in the local or home currency. If the cardholder chooses to pay in their home currency, the DCC provider will cause the cardholder’s\",\n \"title\": \"Dynamic currency conversion\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9871204\",\n \"text\": \"Elation\\\" (1995). All tracks written by John Scofield. What We Do What We Do is the second studio album by jazz group The John Scofield Quartet. It was recorded in May 1992 and released the following year on the Blue Note label. Besides John Scofield on guitar, the quartet features saxophonist Joe Lovano, Bill Stewart on drums and Dennis Irwin on bass, replacing Marc Johnson. Irwin and Scofield (both born in 1951) had already recorded together in the mid-1980s with Bennie Wallace on a track for his album \\\"Sweeping Through the City.\\\" Irwin would be the bassist on two more\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9871203\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do What We Do is the second studio album by jazz group The John Scofield Quartet. It was recorded in May 1992 and released the following year on the Blue Note label. Besides John Scofield on guitar, the quartet features saxophonist Joe Lovano, Bill Stewart on drums and Dennis Irwin on bass, replacing Marc Johnson. Irwin and Scofield (both born in 1951) had already recorded together in the mid-1980s with Bennie Wallace on a track for his album \\\"Sweeping Through the City.\\\" Irwin would be the bassist on two more albums by Scofield, \\\"Hand Jive\\\" (1994) and \\\"Groove\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8675029\",\n \"text\": \"some academic description for the uninitiated. At the time of the book's writing, the author was studying Witchcraft with Maxine and Alex Sanders, with whom Farrar collaborated on the book. What Witches Do What Witches Do is a book by Stewart Farrar, and is an eye-witness account of Wiccan practices, namely that of the Alexandrian coven run by Alex Sanders and his wife Maxine Sanders. Farrar was a practicing witch and a member of an active coven. In this book, he explores his version of the fundamental beliefs and premises of Witchcraft and explains his interpretation of its symbolism. The\",\n \"title\": \"What Witches Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8675028\",\n \"text\": \"What Witches Do What Witches Do is a book by Stewart Farrar, and is an eye-witness account of Wiccan practices, namely that of the Alexandrian coven run by Alex Sanders and his wife Maxine Sanders. Farrar was a practicing witch and a member of an active coven. In this book, he explores his version of the fundamental beliefs and premises of Witchcraft and explains his interpretation of its symbolism. The ceremonies presented are primarily from Alexandrian Wicca, as practiced by the author and his wife, Janet Farrar. Much of the book concerns itself with quoting participants in Wiccan rites, with\",\n \"title\": \"What Witches Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20316796\",\n \"text\": \"appeared in a video game \\\"Just Dance 2018\\\" (as part of the downloadable content for the \\\"Just Dance Unlimited\\\" series). On July 10, 2018, French singer Christine and the Queens covered the song at the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge. ! scope=\\\"row\\\"| Portugal (AFP) What Lovers Do \\\"What Lovers Do\\\" is a song by American pop rock band Maroon 5 featuring American R&B singer SZA. It was released on August 30, 2017, as the lead single from the band's sixth studio album \\\"Red Pill Blues\\\" (2017). The song contains an interpolation of the 2016 song \\\"Sexual\\\" by Neiked featuring Dyo,\",\n \"title\": \"What Lovers Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20316795\",\n \"text\": \"Voice\\\". In the United States, \\\"What Lovers Do\\\" has reached number nine on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100, becoming Maroon 5's 13th and SZA's first top 10 in the country. As of September 2017, it has moved 116,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan. The track reached number seven on the ARIA Singles Chart, becoming the band's 10th single in Australia to reach the top 10. \\\"What Lovers Do\\\" was featured in the television shows \\\"Supergirl\\\", \\\"This Is Us\\\", \\\"Siesta Key\\\", \\\"Love Island\\\" and \\\"The Only Way Is Essex\\\" and the film \\\"I Feel Pretty\\\". The song also\",\n \"title\": \"What Lovers Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20316792\",\n \"text\": \"single \\\"Don't Wanna Know\\\", featuring American rapper Kendrick Lamar. Another single, entitled \\\"Cold\\\", featuring American rapper Future, was released on February 14, 2017. However, both songs are later appeared in the deluxe edition of \\\"Red Pill Blues\\\". In August 2017, videos and Snapchats from lead singer Adam Levine revealed that the group were recording the music video for \\\"What Lovers Do\\\" with recording artist SZA. On August 26, 2017, the name \\\"What Lovers Do\\\" and cover art for the track were revealed on the online media knowledge base website Genius. The release date for the single was revealed three days\",\n \"title\": \"What Lovers Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20316791\",\n \"text\": \"What Lovers Do \\\"What Lovers Do\\\" is a song by American pop rock band Maroon 5 featuring American R&B singer SZA. It was released on August 30, 2017, as the lead single from the band's sixth studio album \\\"Red Pill Blues\\\" (2017). The song contains an interpolation of the 2016 song \\\"Sexual\\\" by Neiked featuring Dyo, therefore Victor Rådström, Dyo and Elina Stridh are credited as songwriters. After extensive touring in support of their fifth studio album, \\\"V\\\" (2014), Maroon 5 began the writing and recording sessions for their sixth studio album. On October 11, 2016, the band released the\",\n \"title\": \"What Lovers Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20315179\",\n \"text\": \"The song broke a string of records, including the record for the most plays in a single day on Spotify. Commercially, \\\"Look What You Made Me Do\\\" has topped the charts in Australia, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Slovakia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It has also received Platinum certifications in Australia, Canada, Italy, Sweden and the United States. It also received Diamond certification in Brazil. The song received a mixed response from music critics. Its music video was directed by Joseph Kahn and upon its release on\",\n \"title\": \"Look What You Made Me Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8388364\",\n \"text\": \"What to Do with Daylight What to Do with Daylight is the debut album by New Zealand singer/songwriter, Brooke Fraser released in 2004. \\\"What to Do with Daylight\\\" was the top New Zealand album for 2004 (according to RIANZ), and went seven times Platinum. The album title comes from the album's first track \\\"Arithmetic\\\", as heard in the line \\\"Wondering what to do with daylight/Until I can make you mine\\\". The song was released as the album's fourth single in New Zealand. All five singles from the album reached the top 20 NZ singles chart and achieved No. 1 airplay\",\n \"title\": \"What to Do with Daylight\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12516222\",\n \"text\": \"following Jurgen's resignation. What Would Tyler Durden Do? What Would Tyler Durden Do? (WWTDD) is a gossip blog named for the \\\"Fight Club\\\" character Tyler Durden, and playing on the Christian inspirational phrase 'What would Jesus do?' The blog, which is occasionally not safe for work, is notable for publishing rumours, criticism and revealing photographs of celebrities. The posts to the blog typically consist of a report followed by commentary from the author. Its readership is primarily from the United States. In a 2006 Youth Trends survey, What Would Tyler Durden Do? was one of two blogs of the top\",\n \"title\": \"What Would Tyler Durden Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12516220\",\n \"text\": \"What Would Tyler Durden Do? What Would Tyler Durden Do? (WWTDD) is a gossip blog named for the \\\"Fight Club\\\" character Tyler Durden, and playing on the Christian inspirational phrase 'What would Jesus do?' The blog, which is occasionally not safe for work, is notable for publishing rumours, criticism and revealing photographs of celebrities. The posts to the blog typically consist of a report followed by commentary from the author. Its readership is primarily from the United States. In a 2006 Youth Trends survey, What Would Tyler Durden Do? was one of two blogs of the top 10 most popular\",\n \"title\": \"What Would Tyler Durden Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19942754\",\n \"text\": \"FM from the BBC TV series \\\"People Just Do Nothing\\\". He also performed the song live on the telethon after his appeal video was shown. What Do I Know? \\\"What Do I Know?\\\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was included on his third studio album \\\"÷\\\" (2017). After the album's release it charted at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart. Sheeran performed the song live with the cast of \\\"People Just Do Nothing\\\" on the telethon for Comic Relief 2017. The song is the tenth track on Ed Sheeran's third studio album \\\"÷\\\", which was\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Know?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14192578\",\n \"text\": \"from the 30-minute repeat. Round 4 With 60 seconds on the clock each team member must describe to their teammate alternately someone or something that's on their card without using the words of said someone or something. For example, TARDIS, they must say it is Doctor Who's time machine and not it is TARDIS. Again the audience is made aware of what is being described due to a caption at the bottom of the screen. The rules are quite relaxed as it is a kids game show. Viewers have the chance to play the online version of What Do Kids\",\n \"title\": \"What Do Kids Know?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17579985\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"cool, coital\\\" singing. The song's chorus is built around arpeggios. \\\"Complex\\\" described its \\\"Do what you want, what you want with my body\\\" hook as \\\"catchy and somewhat raunchy\\\". The song's lyrics represent themes of sexual submissiveness, with Gaga telling off detractors that her thoughts, dreams, and feelings are her own, no matter what one does with her body. Jim Farber of \\\"New York Daily News\\\" suggested \\\"Do What U Want\\\" to be a response to \\\"everyone who ever made a tart comment about her — which, by now, involves half the planet\\\". Gaga and Kelly alternate singing the lines\",\n \"title\": \"Do What U Want\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13844095\",\n \"text\": \"aid society within the community and we would like to make them a tool for deepening interpersonal relationships and trust.\\\" http://www.qoin.org/what-we-do/past-projects/kyoto4all/ Kyoto4All was a 2006 report written by Peter van Luttervelt, David Beatty and Edgar Kampers for the Dutch Ministry of Environment (then named VROM). The study described a series of monetary models to connect citizens-consumers to the climate change targets of the post-Kyoto period. The Maia Maia Emissions Reduction Currency System, is a scheme developed in Western Australia. The system currency is known as a \\\"boya\\\", named after the indigenous Nyungar people's word for rock trading tokens used by\",\n \"title\": \"Emissions Reduction Currency System\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3281561\",\n \"text\": \"protected against inflation, devaluation and other economic risks inherent in fiat currencies. These risks include the monetary policy of countries or territories, which are said by proponents to be harmful to the value of paper currency. can be used to buy, hold, and sell precious metals, but do not promote themselves as an \\\"investment\\\", as this implies an anticipated return. Some providers do not sell DGC directly to clients. For those DGCs, e-currency must be bought and sold via a digital currency exchanger. Currency exchangers accept payment in national currencies by a variety of methods, including Bank Wire, Direct Deposit,\",\n \"title\": \"Digital gold currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3745500\",\n \"text\": \"Of note is the story of his first wife, Arline, who was diagnosed with tuberculosis. She died while Feynman was working on the Manhattan Project; the book's title is taken from a question she often put to him when he seemed preoccupied with his colleagues' opinions about his work, which echoed his earlier words to her. The book concludes with \\\"The Value of Science,\\\" an address he gave at the 1955 autumn meeting of the National Academy of Sciences. What Do You Care What Other People Think? \\\"What Do You Care What Other People Think?\\\": Further Adventures of a Curious\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Care What Other People Think?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3745497\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Care What Other People Think? \\\"What Do You Care What Other People Think?\\\": Further Adventures of a Curious Character (1988) is the second of two books consisting of transcribed and edited, oral reminiscences from American physicist Richard Feynman. It follows \\\"Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!\\\". Richard Feynman received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics. He is a theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Care What Other People Think?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8557362\",\n \"text\": \"the result in. The application software then calculates and displays the corresponding amount of money. Currency converters aim to maintain real-time information on current market or bank exchange rates, so that the calculated result changes whenever the value of either of the component currencies does. They do so by connecting to a database of current currency exchange rates. The frequency at which currency converters update the exchange rates they use varies: Yahoo currency converter updates its rates every day, while Convert My Money< every hour. Currency converters usually display a value that is not biased towards buying or selling. This\",\n \"title\": \"Currency converter\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14969188\",\n \"text\": \"that the song contains \\\"no immediate bells and whistles, but it gains strength with repeated listening.\\\" The music video was directed by Martin Kahan and premiered in January 1996. \\\"It's What I Do\\\" debuted at number 70 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of February 3, 1996. It's What I Do (song) \\\"It's What I Do\\\" is a song written by Tom Shapiro and Chuck Jones, and recorded by American country music singer Billy Dean. It was released in January 1996 as the first single and title track from his album \\\"It's What I\",\n \"title\": \"It's What I Do (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12851558\",\n \"text\": \"around\\\" and go back to his lover, then hold her, and then tell her how sorry he is for what he did. What I Need to Do \\\"What I Need To Do\\\" is a song written by Tom Damphier and Bill Luther, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in January 2000 as the fourth and final single from Chesney's 1999 album \\\"Everywhere We Go\\\". The song peaked at number 8 in the United States and number 13 in Canada in 2000. The song describes the narrator thinking about \\\"what [he] need[s] to do\\\" as\",\n \"title\": \"What I Need to Do\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["euro"],"string":"[\n \"euro\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2189,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what are spanish speaking countries and their capitals?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"6638247","text":"Portuguese-speaking African countries The Portuguese-speaking African countries (also referred to as Lusophone Africa) consist of six African countries in which the Portuguese language is an official language: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and, since 2011, Equatorial Guinea. The six countries are former colonies of the Portuguese Empire. From 1778 until independence, Equatorial Guinea was also a colony of the Spanish Empire. In 1992, the five Lusophone African countries formed an interstate organisation called PALOP, a colloquial acronym that translates to African Countries of Portuguese Official Language (). The PALOP countries have signed official agreements with Portugal,","title":"Portuguese-speaking African countries"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6638247\",\n \"text\": \"Portuguese-speaking African countries The Portuguese-speaking African countries (also referred to as Lusophone Africa) consist of six African countries in which the Portuguese language is an official language: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and, since 2011, Equatorial Guinea. The six countries are former colonies of the Portuguese Empire. From 1778 until independence, Equatorial Guinea was also a colony of the Spanish Empire. In 1992, the five Lusophone African countries formed an interstate organisation called PALOP, a colloquial acronym that translates to African Countries of Portuguese Official Language (). The PALOP countries have signed official agreements with Portugal,\",\n \"title\": \"Portuguese-speaking African countries\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"14459318","text":"Ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures There are many stories of ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures. The Spanish language is second only in number of native speakers to Mandarin Chinese, the tongue of over 360 million people. Ghost stories exist throughout Spanish-speaking America and in Spain. In the Pampas, and particularly in Carro Quemado, the ghost of a colonel on horseback galloping in search of his soldiers killed by the Indians appears from time to time. In a dwelling in Neuquén in the Patagonia region of Argentina, there are sudden strange fires that the fire department is unable to explain, and in which","title":"Ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures"},{"psg_id":"2126059","text":"of the area belonged to the Crown of Aragon in the Middle Ages. Parts of Valencia (Spanish) and Catalonia (Occitan) are not Catalan-speaking. The \"Catalan Countries\" have been at the centre of both cultural and political projects since the late 19th century. Its mainly cultural dimension became increasingly politically charged by the late 1960s and early 1970s, as Francoism began to die out in Spain, and what had been a cultural term restricted to connoisseurs of Catalan philology became a divisive issue during the Spanish Transition period, most acrimoniously in Valencia during the 1980s. Modern linguistic and cultural projects include","title":"Catalan Countries"},{"psg_id":"4613146","text":"fauna and toponyms. Some of these words are used in most, or all, Spanish-speaking countries, like \"chocolate\" and \"aguacate\" (\"avocado\"), and some are only used in Mexico. The latter include \"guajolote\" \"turkey\" < Nahuatl \"huaxōlōtl\" (although \"pavo\" is also used, as in other Spanish-speaking countries); \"papalote\" \"kite\" < Nahuatl \"pāpālōtl\" \"butterfly\"; and \"jitomate\" \"tomato\" < Nahuatl \"xītomatl\" . For a more complete list see List of Spanish words of Nahuatl origin. Other expressions that are unique to colloquial Mexican Spanish include: Most of the words above are considered informal (e.g. \"chavo(a)\", \"padre\", \"güero\", etc.), rude (\"güey\", \"naco\", \"¿cómo (la) ves?\",","title":"Mexican Spanish"},{"psg_id":"4613129","text":"of Mexican Spanish. Regarding the evolution of the Spanish spoken in Mexico, the Swedish linguist points out that in Central Mexican Spanish—unlike most varieties in the other Spanish-speaking countries—the vowels lose strength, while consonants are fully pronounced. Malmberg attributes this to a Nahuatl substratum, as part of a broader cultural phenomenon that preserves aspects of indigenous culture through place names of Nahuatl origin, statues that commemorate Aztec rulers, etc. The Mexican linguist , however, finds similar weakening of vowels in regions of several other Spanish-speaking countries; he also finds no similarity between the vowel behavior of Nahuatl and that of","title":"Mexican Spanish"},{"psg_id":"7583769","text":"a mixture of two dialects: that of the 16th- and 17th-century Portuguese colonists in the Cibao valley, and that of the 18th-century Canarian settlers. According to the linguist John Lipski, the greatest extra-Hispanic influences on Dominican Spanish have been Haitian Creole and West African languages. Most of the Spanish-speaking settlers came from Andalusia (southern Spain) and the Canary Islands. When they first arrived in what is now the Dominican Republic, the first native people they had contact with were the Arawak-speaking Taino people. Spanish, just as in other Latin American countries, completely replaced the indigenous languages (Taíno and the language","title":"Dominican Spanish"},{"psg_id":"20266030","text":"to turn right. Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking countries This is a comparison of road signs in countries that speak majorly English, including major ones where it is an official language and widely understood (and as a lingua franca). Botswana, Eswatini (Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are all SADC members who drive on the left and use the SADC Road Traffic Signs Manual, and thus have identical road signs. Mandatory signs indicating an obligation to turn left do exist, but are not included in the list below since they are functionally mirror versions of signs","title":"Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking countries"},{"psg_id":"20266029","text":"Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking countries This is a comparison of road signs in countries that speak majorly English, including major ones where it is an official language and widely understood (and as a lingua franca). Botswana, Eswatini (Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are all SADC members who drive on the left and use the SADC Road Traffic Signs Manual, and thus have identical road signs. Mandatory signs indicating an obligation to turn left do exist, but are not included in the list below since they are functionally mirror versions of signs indicating an obligation","title":"Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking countries"},{"psg_id":"1574272","text":"well\" in the 2000 U.S. Census. This percentage increased to 57% in the 2013-2017 American Community Survey. The United States is among the Spanish-speaking countries that has its own Academy of the Spanish Language. There are more Spanish-speakers in the United States than speakers of French, German, Italian, Hawaiian, varieties of Chinese and Native American languages combined. According to the 2012 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, Spanish is the primary language spoken at home by 38.3 million people aged five or older, more than twice that of 1990. The Spanish language has been present in what","title":"Spanish language in the United States"},{"psg_id":"364758","text":"is a worldwide nonprofit organization created by the Spanish government in 1991. This organization has branched out in over 20 different countries, with 54 centers devoted to the Spanish and Hispanic American cultures and Spanish language. The ultimate goals of the Institute are to promote universally the education, the study, and the use of Spanish as a second language, to support methods and activities that help the process of Spanish-language education, and to contribute to the advancement of the Spanish and Hispanic American cultures in non-Spanish-speaking countries. The Institute's 2015 report \"El español, una lengua viva\" (Spanish, a living language)","title":"Spanish language"},{"psg_id":"18319793","text":"Kennedy on the campaign trail. During a stump speech, Kennedy professed his admiration for \"this splendid veterans organization of Spanish-speaking ex-servicemen.\" At their 1960 convention, Forum leaders spoke of the importance of electing Kennedy as President of the United States to desegregate schools, lift up the middle class and assist migrant workers, which are issues that appeal to Mexican American voters. With widespread support and under the tutelage of Carlos McCormick, G.I. Forum members helped to organize Viva Kennedy chapters in barrios across the United States. Women, businessmen and other subgroups passionately joined the effort to elect Kennedy. Low-key fundraisers","title":"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations"},{"psg_id":"814180","text":"Washington Capitals The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, headed by Ted Leonsis. From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre, in Landover, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, D.C.). In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena, their present home arena in Washington, D.C. The Capitals were founded in as an expansion franchise, alongside the Kansas City","title":"Washington Capitals"},{"psg_id":"18319800","text":"PASSO helped to win all five seats of the Crystal City Council for Mexican Americans. In 1965, PASSO waged a campaign against La Casita Farms, one of the largest agribusinesses in Texas and in doing so, employed more radical tactics, which alienated the middle class members and caused many of them to depart the organization. At the height of the Chicano Movement that swept Texas, the remaining members of PASSO joined the Raza Unida Party, effectively abolishing the organization. Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations The Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations (PASSO) was formed as an outgrowth of the success of","title":"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations"},{"psg_id":"18319786","text":"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations The Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations (PASSO) was formed as an outgrowth of the success of the Viva Kennedy Clubs in the 1960 United States Presidential Election. PASSO, which comprised several Mexican-American activist groups, fought to increase Mexican-American participation in electoral politics and campaigned for candidates, generally of Mexican descent, who supported desegregated education, protection from discrimination and federal government jobs for Mexican Americans. Later, the group became involved in farm labor disputes and was ultimately disbanded. After World War II, few Anglo-Americans sympathized with the plight of Mexican Americans. In the 1950s, Mexican Americans","title":"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations"},{"psg_id":"16116550","text":"What Are Words (album) What Are Words is the debut album of the American singer Chris Medina. The album was released by Sony Music contains 11 pop-rock songs, some of them sensitive ballads, others more energetic and rocking. Album included the title track \"What Are Words\", a touching track inspired by Chris Medina's fiancé who had a serious brain injury after a car accident in 2009. Although \"What Are Words\" was only a minor hit in the United States, it was a big hit in Scandinavian countries topping both Norwegian \"VG-lista\" Singles Chart and the Swedish \"Sverigetopplistan\" Singles Chart. It","title":"What Are Words (album)"},{"psg_id":"364737","text":"from Mexican Spanish, owing to the administration of the islands by Spain through Mexico City until 1821, and then directly from Madrid until 1898. Spanish loan words are present in the local languages of Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Marshall Islands and Micronesia, all of which formerly comprised the Spanish East Indies. The following table shows the number of Spanish speakers in some 79 countries. There are important variations (phonological, grammatical, and lexical) in the spoken Spanish of the various regions of Spain and throughout the Spanish-speaking areas of the Americas. The variety with the most speakers is Mexican Spanish.","title":"Spanish language"},{"psg_id":"14459332","text":"bag filled with his family's bones. The ghost was named for its distinctive whistle, an omen of death. A version of the legend in the eastern plains of Colombia says the Silbón is a lost soul of a womanizer who died alone and abandoned and seeks company. Another version says he chases pregnant women, delivering a long, sharp whistle that creates an intense cold that enters through the ears and freezes people. When the whistle is sharp a woman will die, but if it is blurred, a man dies. Ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures There are many stories of ghosts in","title":"Ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures"},{"psg_id":"619172","text":"Dutch-speaking north of Belgium. For example, a \" (\"Derby der Lage Landen\"), is a sports event between Belgium and the Netherlands. Belgium separated in 1830 from the (northern) Netherlands. The new country took its name from \"Belgica\", the Latinised name for the Low Countries, as it was known during the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648). The Low Countries were in that war divided in two parts. On one hand, the northern Federated Netherlands or \"Belgica Foederata\" rebelled against the Spanish king; on the other, the southern Royal Netherlands or \"Belgica Regia\" remained loyal to the Spanish king. This divide laid the","title":"Low Countries"},{"psg_id":"4613149","text":"Philippines, is based on Mexican Spanish. Mexican Spanish Mexican Spanish () is a set of varieties of the Spanish language as spoken in Mexico and in some parts of the United States and Canada. Spanish was brought to Mexico in the 16th century. As in all other Spanish-speaking countries (including Spain), different accents and varieties of the language exist in different parts of the country, for both historical and sociological reasons. Among these, the varieties that are best known outside of the country are those of central Mexico—both educated and uneducated varieties—largely because the capital, Mexico City, hosts most of","title":"Mexican Spanish"},{"psg_id":"8483841","text":"Vienna Capitals Vienna Capitals are an Austrian professional ice hockey club who participate in the Erste Bank Hockey League. Founded in 2001, the Capitals play their home games in Vienna, Austria, at Albert Schultz Eishalle. In the 2004–05 season, the Capitals claimed their first Austrian Championship in defeating EC KAC. The Vienna Capitals were founded in 2001, after the disbandment of Wiener EV in 2000, to continue the legacy of ice hockey which has been served in the Federal capital since 1914. They began competition into the EBEL in the 2001–02 season, under coach Kurt Harand. With good performances they","title":"Vienna Capitals"},{"psg_id":"364727","text":"2000 census, it is spoken by 43% of the population. Mainly, it is spoken by the descendants of Hispanics who have been in the region since the seventeenth century; however, English is the official language. Due to their proximity to Spanish-speaking countries, Trinidad and Tobago and Brazil have implemented Spanish language teaching into their education systems. The Trinidad government launched the \"Spanish as a First Foreign Language\" (SAFFL) initiative in March 2005. In 2005, the National Congress of Brazil approved a bill, signed into law by the President, making it mandatory for schools to offer Spanish as an alternative foreign","title":"Spanish language"},{"psg_id":"4613124","text":"Mexican Spanish Mexican Spanish () is a set of varieties of the Spanish language as spoken in Mexico and in some parts of the United States and Canada. Spanish was brought to Mexico in the 16th century. As in all other Spanish-speaking countries (including Spain), different accents and varieties of the language exist in different parts of the country, for both historical and sociological reasons. Among these, the varieties that are best known outside of the country are those of central Mexico—both educated and uneducated varieties—largely because the capital, Mexico City, hosts most of the mass communication media with international","title":"Mexican Spanish"},{"psg_id":"1651363","text":"wheat tortilla of Mexico and neighbouring countries, which is a thin flatbread. In most of Hispanic America, where both the flatbread and potato omelette are eaten, the omelette is called \"tortilla española\" to distinguish it from the maize tortilla of the region. Because the potato is called \"papa\" in much of Hispanic America (instead of the term \"patata\" used in Spain), this dish can sometimes be referred to as \"tortilla de papas\" in that region as well. The Spanish tortilla (\"tortilla de patatas\" in Spain) is widely eaten in Spain and some Spanish-speaking countries. While there are numerous regional variations,","title":"Spanish omelette"},{"psg_id":"7884220","text":"\"Mary left\", Spanish \"María salió\", and Portuguese \"A Maria saiu\". Note, however, that in many Spanish dialects the definite article is used before personal names; thus, \"la María salió\" is commonly heard. Portuguese uses the definite article before the names of some cities and almost all countries except relatively new ones, such as \"Cingapura\"/\"Singapura\" ('Singapore'), and those related to Portugal (or with which Portugal has historical relationships, even though this is a rough rule) and the Portuguese-speaking countries, e.g., \"a Holanda\" but \"Portugal\"; \"o México\" but \"Angola\", \"a Suécia\", but \"Moçambique\". The major exception to the country rule is \"o","title":"Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish"},{"psg_id":"13621628","text":"Mexico and Nicaragua. The latter include \"guajolote\" \"turkey\" < Nahuatl \"huaxōlōtl\" (although \"pavo\" is also used, as in other Spanish-speaking countries); \"papalote\" \"kite\" < Nahuatl \"pāpālōtl\" \"butterfly\"; and \"jitomate\" \"tomato\" < Nahuatl \"xītomatl\" . For a more complete list see List of Spanish words of Nahuatl origin. Certain words that are present in Nicaraguan Spanish may not be immediately recognizable to non-Nicaraguans: Nicaraguan Spanish Nicaraguan Spanish () is geographically defined as the form of Spanish spoken in Nicaragua. Affectionately, Nicaraguan Spanish is often called \"Nicañol.\" The Spanish dialect in Nicaragua shares many similarities with that of its neighbors in the","title":"Nicaraguan Spanish"},{"psg_id":"8656200","text":"regions where Spanish is the main language, and where the legacy of Spanish settlement and colonization influences culture, through religion, language, cuisine, and so on. The varieties of Spanish that predominate in this region are known collectively as Caribbean Spanish. The term is used in contrast to Anglophone Caribbean, French Caribbean, and Dutch Caribbean, which are other modern linguistic divisions of the Caribbean region. The Hispanophone Caribbean is a part of the wider Hispanic America, which includes all the Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas. Historically, coastal areas of Spanish Florida and the Caribbean South America (cf. the Spanish Main) were","title":"Spanish West Indies"},{"psg_id":"8238844","text":"Lansing Capitals The Lansing Capitals are a member of the Independent Basketball Association (IBA). Founded in 2006, the Capitals were originally members of the International Basketball League. The team plays their home games at Aim High Sports at The Summit Sports and Ice Complex in Dimondale, Michigan. The Capitals played a full IBL season in 2006 and a partial season in 2007. In the first full season of competition, the Capitals had two players named to the 2006 IBL All-Star team: Cory Coe, who was the third leading scorer in the league at 28.1 ppg, and Steve Ordiway, who averaged","title":"Lansing Capitals"},{"psg_id":"8238842","text":"Lansing Capitals The Lansing Capitals are a member of the Independent Basketball Association (IBA). Founded in 2006, the Capitals were originally members of the International Basketball League. The team plays their home games at Aim High Sports at The Summit Sports and Ice Complex in Dimondale, Michigan. The Capitals played a full IBL season in 2006 and a partial season in 2007. In the first full season of competition, the Capitals had two players named to the 2006 IBL All-Star team: Cory Coe, who was the third leading scorer in the league at 28.1 ppg, and Steve Ordiway, who averaged","title":"Lansing Capitals"},{"psg_id":"18319798","text":"professional responsibilities in their communities for a permanent diplomatic post. Yet another result of Viva Kennedy was the development of Political Association of Spanish Speaking Organization (PASSO or PASO). Because of the Viva Kennedy connections, leaders from other Mexican American organizations such as LULAC and American G.I. Forum took the opportunity to create an organization that they believed would create national coordination. PASSO was strongest in Texas even though it was a national organization. After the electoral success, McCormick, Peña and Garcia met in Victoria, Texas to discuss the future of Viva Kennedy. The outcome was the conception of a","title":"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations"},{"psg_id":"12340858","text":"of Madrid also used to have courses. Prof. David Bunis taught Ladino at the University of Washington, in Seattle during the 2013–14 academic year. In Spain, the Spanish Royal Academy (RAE) in 2017 announced plans to create a Judaeo-Spanish branch in Israel in addition to 23 existing academies, in various Spanish-speaking countries, that are associated in the Association of Spanish Language Academies. Its stated purpose is to preserve Judaeo-Spanish. The move was seen as another step to make up for the Expulsion, following the offer of Spanish citizenship to Sephardim who had some connection with Spain. Folklorists have been collecting","title":"Judaeo-Spanish"},{"psg_id":"5512067","text":"than members of the established English-speaking communities. Also, a larger proportion are French-speaking than before. However, immigrants from English-speaking countries such as Britain, the United States, and Jamaica usually come with a knowledge of English; Asians account for the fastest growing segment of the population, with over 26,000 Asians coming to Quebec between 1996 and 2001 and having English as their first official language spoken in 2001; as a result, over a quarter of anglophones now come from visible minority groups. Some First nation peoples such as the Mohawk, the Cree, and Inuit also use English in their day-to-day lives.","title":"English-speaking Quebecers"},{"psg_id":"5048825","text":"citing that only four teams had registered for the 2012 season. They also went dark for the 2013 season after being unable to find a new league to play in. They are exploring options for the 2014 baseball season. Edmonton Capitals The Edmonton Capitals, originally the Edmonton Cracker-Cats, were a Canadian professional independent minor league baseball team that played between 2005 and 2011 in several leagues. The Capitals are based in Edmonton, Alberta, and are currently inactive as they do not belong to any league. The team was founded in 2005 as the Edmonton Cracker-Cats and, with their provincial brethren","title":"Edmonton Capitals"},{"psg_id":"1145925","text":"Names given to the Spanish language There are two names given in Spanish to the Spanish language: español (\"Spanish\") and castellano (\"Castilian\"). Spanish speakers from different countries or backgrounds can show a preference for one term or the other, or use them indiscriminately, but political issues or common usage might lead speakers to prefer one term over the other. This article identifies the differences between those terms, the countries or backgrounds that show a preference for one or the other, and the implications the choice of words might have for a native Spanish-speaker. Formally speaking, the national language of Spain,","title":"Names given to the Spanish language"},{"psg_id":"3969681","text":"authors which use this script are those by Prudentius and Sedulius. Rustic capitals Rustic capitals () is an ancient Roman calligraphic script. Because the term is negatively connotated supposing an opposition to the more 'civilized' form of the Roman square capitals, Bernhard Bischoff prefers to call the script \"canonized capitals\". Rustic capitals are similar to Roman square capitals, but are less rigid, influenced more by pen and ink writing on papyrus or parchment than the writing used for inscriptions. The letters are thinner and more compressed, use many more curved lines than do square capitals, and have descenders extending below","title":"Rustic capitals"},{"psg_id":"6526031","text":"tries to avoid regional phenomena, such as the Spanish-speaking American voseo, or terms that may be identified with specific countries (for example, for “computer”, the term in Spanish-speaking America is ', except in a few areas that prefer ', while in Spain the most frequent term is '; as a result, Microsoft Windows uses the region-neutral term '). This neutral language is developed with the help of glossaries that prescribe the preferred terms and the terms to avoid. It is a common occurrence in the computing field, because it lowers production costs. Standard Spanish Standard Spanish is a linguistic variety,","title":"Standard Spanish"},{"psg_id":"4878795","text":"speaking organization, through a national tournament, or if they belong to one of the founding schools, by their decision. Countries that have a more established debating and public speaking program often use qualifying competitions, which are often extremely competitive. This is the method currently used by South Korea, Canada, the United States, Australia, Hong Kong, and South Africa. Alternatively, those with nascent or smaller programs rely on a handful of schools to select and send members, this includes Cyprus, Germany, and Pakistan. Additionally, half of the team from the United States and Canada qualify through the International Independent Schools Public","title":"World Individual Debating and Public Speaking Championships"},{"psg_id":"5048818","text":"Edmonton Capitals The Edmonton Capitals, originally the Edmonton Cracker-Cats, were a Canadian professional independent minor league baseball team that played between 2005 and 2011 in several leagues. The Capitals are based in Edmonton, Alberta, and are currently inactive as they do not belong to any league. The team was founded in 2005 as the Edmonton Cracker-Cats and, with their provincial brethren the Calgary Vipers, joined the Northern League as part of that league's attempt to expand its footprint in Canada. The Cracker-Cats moved to the Golden Baseball League in 2008 and were sold to Daryl Katz, the owner of the","title":"Edmonton Capitals"},{"psg_id":"3969679","text":"Rustic capitals Rustic capitals () is an ancient Roman calligraphic script. Because the term is negatively connotated supposing an opposition to the more 'civilized' form of the Roman square capitals, Bernhard Bischoff prefers to call the script \"canonized capitals\". Rustic capitals are similar to Roman square capitals, but are less rigid, influenced more by pen and ink writing on papyrus or parchment than the writing used for inscriptions. The letters are thinner and more compressed, use many more curved lines than do square capitals, and have descenders extending below the baseline. The script was used between the 1st century and","title":"Rustic capitals"},{"psg_id":"7689122","text":"Spanish meaning of the word as well as the Arabic etymology. No fixed standard of Arabic transliteration is used. Rationale for inclusion \"Due to the large influence of Arabic on Spanish vocabulary, this list is relatively restrictive: The etymology and meaning of most of these words can be verified on the site of the Real Academia de la Lengua Española, although a small minority are only available in other sources or past editions of this dictionary. Many of these words will be unfamiliar to many Spanish speakers because their use is restricted to certain regions of Spain or Spanish-speaking countries","title":"Arabic language influence on the Spanish language"},{"psg_id":"20044209","text":"95), the Flyers and Capitals are natural rivals. It was common for the Capital Centre, where the Capitals played, to be filled with many Flyers fans during the meetings. This led to an intense hatred for Capitals fans, and became even more intense when they would join the Flyers in the Patrick Division. After struggling for close to a decade, the Capitals finally made the playoffs in 1983, but would not meet the Flyers until the next season. The Capitals, then led by Mike Gartner and Rod Langway, got their first playoff series win in franchise history by defeating the","title":"Capitals–Flyers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"13610726","text":"almost entirely upon hydro-power resources for its production of electricity. At the beginning of the 20th century, almost 12 million people lived in the Nordic countries. Today, the population has increased to 27 million people. The Nordic countries have one of the lowest population densities in the world. The low density is partly due to the fact that many parts of the Nordic countries are marginal areas, where nature puts limitations on settlement. In four out of five Nordic countries, around 20 per cent of the population is to be found in the vicinity of the respective capitals. In Iceland,","title":"Nordic countries"},{"psg_id":"13621627","text":"\"vos\", rather than \"usted\". \"Tú\" is hardly used in Nicaraguan Spanish, except in addressing foreigners familiarly, in speech or in writing. Due in part to the influence of Mexican, Colombian, and Venezuelan television programming, Nicaraguans are familiar with tuteo, and some television viewers, especially children, have begun to use it in limited contexts. A number of words widely used in Nicaragua which have Nahuatl, Mayan or other native origins, in particular names for flora, fauna and toponyms. Some of these words are used in most, or all, Spanish-speaking countries, like \"chocolate\" and \"aguacate\" (\"avocado\"), and some are only used in","title":"Nicaraguan Spanish"},{"psg_id":"17757122","text":"EV2 The Capitals Route EuroVelo 2 (EV2), named \"The Capitals Route\", is a long EuroVelo long-distance cycling route running from Galway, Ireland to Moscow, Russia. This east-west route passes successively through seven countries – Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Belarus and Russia – and visits all their capital cities. The route is known as the Dublin-Galway Greenway, and is yet to be finalised. The western section of EV2 between Galway and Dublin was scheduled to commence construction between Athlone and Mullingar in 2014, and completed in 2015, along a disused railway line. Portions of the Royal Canal","title":"EV2 The Capitals Route"},{"psg_id":"17757126","text":"Minsk. In Russia, the EV2 is in the planning stages and will pass through Smolensk on its way to Moscow. EV2 The Capitals Route EuroVelo 2 (EV2), named \"The Capitals Route\", is a long EuroVelo long-distance cycling route running from Galway, Ireland to Moscow, Russia. This east-west route passes successively through seven countries – Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Belarus and Russia – and visits all their capital cities. The route is known as the Dublin-Galway Greenway, and is yet to be finalised. The western section of EV2 between Galway and Dublin was scheduled to commence construction","title":"EV2 The Capitals Route"},{"psg_id":"773510","text":"around the world. Many local programs are broadcast by networks in other countries, and others have their rights purchased by foreign producers for adaptations in their own markets. Argentina has five major networks. All provincial capitals and other large cities have at least one local station. Argentines enjoy the highest availability of cable and satellite television in Latin America, similar to percentages in North America. Many cable networks operate from Argentina and serve the Spanish-speaking world, including Utilísima Satelital, TyC Sports, Fox Sports en Español (with the United States and México), MTV Argentina, Cosmopolitan TV, and the news network Todo","title":"Communications in Argentina"},{"psg_id":"19400503","text":"2016 Central Penn Capitals season The 2016 Central Penn Capitals season was the fourth season for the American indoor football franchise, and their fourth in the American Indoor Football. On October 14, 2015, it was announced that the Capitals were moving to Harrisburg and renaming themselves the Central Penn Capitals. Key: \"All start times are local to home team\" \"All start times are local to home team\" \"All start times are local to home team\" When initially announced, the Capitals were set to play the Northern Division's first-seeded West Michigan Ironmen. On May 30, the Capitals were replaced with the","title":"2016 Central Penn Capitals season"},{"psg_id":"18263492","text":"What Are You Waiting For? (Nickelback song) \"What Are You Waiting For?\" is a song by the Canadian rock band Nickelback from their eighth studio album, \"No Fixed Address\", and released as the second overall single and lead pop single off the album. The song was released on September 5, 2014 to Australia and other various countries, before being shipped worldwide on September 9, 2014. The song impacted US Hot AC radio on September 22, 2014 and US CHR radio on October 21, 2014. Nickelback announced that they were shooting the music video for the track, along with \"Edge of","title":"What Are You Waiting For? (Nickelback song)"},{"psg_id":"7185700","text":"Jackson, Bishop and Talbot in the front court. The Capitals have had 10 head coaches since their WNBL inception in 1986: University of Canberra Capitals The University of Canberra Capitals are an Australian professional women's basketball team competing in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). The team is based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. In 2014 the University of Canberra Union took control of the Capitals from Basketball ACT. The University of Canberra is the current naming rights sponsor for the Capitals. Founded in 1984, the Capitals first competed in the WNBL in the 1986 season after winning the Australian","title":"University of Canberra Capitals"},{"psg_id":"7343309","text":"Brampton Capitals The Brampton Capitals were a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from Brampton, Ontario, Canada. They were a part of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. The team was decommissioned by the league, in March 2012. The team was formed as Nobleton Capitals in 1984 and later as the Etobicoke Capitals. Since moving to Brampton in 1989, the Capitals have been one of the more dominant teams in the OPJHL. With three league titles, the Capitals have never moved on to the Dudley Hewitt Cup. In 2000, the Capitals won their second league title, 4-games-to-2 over the Lindsay Muskies. In","title":"Brampton Capitals"},{"psg_id":"7711856","text":"consisting of local individuals. In 2013, the Caps were sold to a new private local group. These are franchise records held by previous team rosters. Figures are updated after each completed MHL regular season. <br> Summerside Western Capitals The Summerside Western Capitals are a Junior \"A\" hockey team based out of Summerside, Prince Edward Island. They play out of the Maritime Junior A Hockey League. The team currently plays their home games at the Consolidated Credit Union Place. Until 2007 the team played at the former Cahill Stadium. The Capitals started out in the Island Junior Hockey League. Thus, the","title":"Summerside Western Capitals"},{"psg_id":"814238","text":"the white \"Capitals\" word-mark. Starting with the 2015–16 season, the Capitals will wear their throwback red third jerseys, replacing the white Winter Classic thirds. Prior to the 2017–18 season, the NHL announced a new partnership with Adidas, and the Capitals unveiled new uniforms with minor changes. There were no third jerseys during that season, but the return of the program in the 2018–19 season saw the return of the Capitals' red throwback uniforms as their alternates. For the 2018 Stadium Series, the Capitals used newly-designed navy uniforms, honoring the fact that the game was held at the U.S. Naval Academy.","title":"Washington Capitals"},{"psg_id":"19400504","text":"Southern Division's third-seeded Myrtle Beach Freedom and the Capitals were held out of the playoffs altogether. <section begin=roster /> <section end=roster /> 2016 Central Penn Capitals season The 2016 Central Penn Capitals season was the fourth season for the American indoor football franchise, and their fourth in the American Indoor Football. On October 14, 2015, it was announced that the Capitals were moving to Harrisburg and renaming themselves the Central Penn Capitals. Key: \"All start times are local to home team\" \"All start times are local to home team\" \"All start times are local to home team\" When initially announced,","title":"2016 Central Penn Capitals season"},{"psg_id":"13610687","text":"Finland and Sweden, the extensive volcanic and geothermal activity of Iceland, and Greenland, which is the largest island in the world. The southernmost point of the Nordic countries is Gedser, on the island of Falster in Denmark. The northernmost point is Kaffeklubben Island in Greenland, which is also the northernmost point of land on Earth. The largest cities and capitals of the Nordic countries are situated on the southern parts of the region, with the exception of Reykjavík, the capital of Iceland. Helsinki, Oslo and Stockholm are all close to the same latitude as the southernmost point of Greenland, Egger","title":"Nordic countries"},{"psg_id":"7711847","text":"Summerside Western Capitals The Summerside Western Capitals are a Junior \"A\" hockey team based out of Summerside, Prince Edward Island. They play out of the Maritime Junior A Hockey League. The team currently plays their home games at the Consolidated Credit Union Place. Until 2007 the team played at the former Cahill Stadium. The Capitals started out in the Island Junior Hockey League. Thus, the reference to 'western' in the original team name, The Capitals joined the MJAHL in 1991. They hosted the Centennial Cup 1989 on behalf of the IJHL. This team was coached by former NHL coach, General","title":"Summerside Western Capitals"},{"psg_id":"5432305","text":"a proper banner, which hangs near the scoreboard in the arena. Cowichan Valley Capitals The Cowichan Valley Capitals are a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team based in Duncan, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Island Division of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). They play their home games at Island Savings Centre. \"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes\" 15. Andrew Mccann \"A\" The Capitals have only one number retired, The","title":"Cowichan Valley Capitals"},{"psg_id":"5432304","text":"Cowichan Valley Capitals The Cowichan Valley Capitals are a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team based in Duncan, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Island Division of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). They play their home games at Island Savings Centre. \"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes\" 15. Andrew Mccann \"A\" The Capitals have only one number retired, The jersey with his number & name have recently been replaced with","title":"Cowichan Valley Capitals"},{"psg_id":"3046384","text":"Irish English, New Zealand English and their sub-varieties, countries such as South Africa, India, the Philippines, Jamaica and Nigeria also have millions of native speakers of dialect continua ranging from English-based creole languages to Standard English. India now claims to be the world's second-largest English-speaking country. The most reliable estimate is around 10% of its population or 125 million people, second only to the US and expected to quadruple in the next decade. There are six large countries with a majority of native English speakers that are sometimes grouped under the term Anglosphere. In numbers of English speakers they are:","title":"English-speaking world"},{"psg_id":"4889340","text":"the Murrayfield Racers name, led by David Hand in April 2018. \"Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points\" <br>\"Last updated: September 2016.\" \"Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points\" <br>\"Last updated: September.\" 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2011–12 2012–13 The Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) are the \"B\" team to the Edinburgh Capitals, with whom they share their name. The Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) play in the Scottish National League which is considered a third tier league in the United Kingdom, equivalent to the","title":"Edinburgh Capitals"},{"psg_id":"20835261","text":"went on to finish as runners-up in 2000, before a name change to the Brisbane Capitals resulted in two more championships in 2001 and 2002. The men's team meanwhile were runners-up in 1991 and 2001 before winning their maiden championship in 2002. In 2013, the Capitals men played in their first grand final since 2002, where they lost 102–95 to the Rockhampton Rockets. The Capitals returned to the grand final in 2015, losing the best-of-three series 2–1 to the Mackay Meteors. In 2016, the Capitals played in their third grand final in four years, this time losing 2–0 to the","title":"Brisbane Capitals"},{"psg_id":"3965734","text":"Roman square capitals Roman square capitals, also called capitalis monumentalis, inscriptional capitals, elegant capitals and capitalis quadrata, are an ancient Roman form of writing, and the basis for modern capital letters. Square capitals were used to write inscriptions, and less often to supplement everyday handwriting. When written in documents this style is known as Latin book hand. For everyday writing the Romans used a current cursive hand known as Latin cursive. Notable examples of square capitals used for inscriptions are found on the Roman Pantheon, Trajan's Column, and the Arch of Titus, all in Rome. Square capitals are characterized by","title":"Roman square capitals"},{"psg_id":"12372087","text":"Walkerton Capitals The Walkerton Capitals were a senior hockey team based out of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada. The Capitals played in the Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League for four seasons. Walkerton began their inaugural season in the league on the road with a 6-3 loss to the Shelburne Muskies. The Capitals lost their next two games to fall to 0-3-0 before earning their first victory, a 4-2 win over the Nottawasaga River Rats. Walkerton would finish the season with a 4-14-2 record, earning 10 points, and ninth place in the WOAA North Division, failing to qualify for the \"AA\"","title":"Walkerton Capitals"},{"psg_id":"7343310","text":"2002, Brampton won their third Buckland Trophy 4-games-to-2 against the Wellington Dukes. Brampton Capitals The Brampton Capitals were a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from Brampton, Ontario, Canada. They were a part of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. The team was decommissioned by the league, in March 2012. The team was formed as Nobleton Capitals in 1984 and later as the Etobicoke Capitals. Since moving to Brampton in 1989, the Capitals have been one of the more dominant teams in the OPJHL. With three league titles, the Capitals have never moved on to the Dudley Hewitt Cup. In 2000, the","title":"Brampton Capitals"},{"psg_id":"12372092","text":"Goals for, GA = Goals against\" \"More information will be added as more becomes available\" Walkerton Capitals The Walkerton Capitals were a senior hockey team based out of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada. The Capitals played in the Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League for four seasons. Walkerton began their inaugural season in the league on the road with a 6-3 loss to the Shelburne Muskies. The Capitals lost their next two games to fall to 0-3-0 before earning their first victory, a 4-2 win over the Nottawasaga River Rats. Walkerton would finish the season with a 4-14-2 record, earning 10","title":"Walkerton Capitals"},{"psg_id":"814184","text":"league during the WHA era—the Scouts (later the Colorado Rockies and now the New Jersey Devils), Atlanta Flames (now playing in Calgary), and New York Islanders—the Capitals did not factor the survival of the rival league into their plans. The Capitals' inaugural season was dreadful, even by expansion standards. They finished with far and away the worst record in the league at 8–67–5. Their 21 points were half that of their expansion brethren, the Scouts. The eight wins are the fewest for an NHL team playing at least 70 games, and the .131 winning percentage is still the worst in","title":"Washington Capitals"},{"psg_id":"20209674","text":"transactions during the 2017–18 season. Below are the Washington Capitals' selections at the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, which was held on June 23 and 24, 2017 at the United Center in Chicago. 2017–18 Washington Capitals season The 2017–18 Washington Capitals season was the 44th season for the National Hockey League franchise that was established on June 11, 1974. They played their home games at Capital One Arena in Washington D.C. They were led by head coach Barry Trotz in his fourth season as coach of the Capitals. The Capitals won their first Stanley Cup in organization history, defeating the inaugural-season","title":"2017–18 Washington Capitals season"},{"psg_id":"814216","text":"start, as they managed just two wins in their first ten games. The team rebounded to win the Southeast Division, thereby earning the third seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs. Unfortunately for Washington, the Capitals' playoff woes continued as they again fell to the Rangers in seven games. In the 2013–14 season, the Capitals started the season winning five of their first ten games. The Capitals struggled to stay in a playoff spot and ultimately missed the playoffs for the first time since 2006–07. On April 26, 2014, 15 days after the regular season ended, the Capitals announced they would","title":"Washington Capitals"},{"psg_id":"18320757","text":"for his pillars anyway: lions, elephants, camels, geese, and horses are known. Rampurva capitals The Rampurva capitals are the capitals of a pair of Ashoka Pillars discovered in by A.C.L. Carlleyle. The archaeological site is called Rampurva, and is located in the West Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar, situated very close to the border with Nepal. The two capitals are in the Indian Museum in Kolkota. Waddell in 1896 suggested that the death and parinirvana of Gautama Buddha was in the region of Rampurva: \"I believe that Kusīnagara, where the Buddha died may be ultimately found to","title":"Rampurva capitals"},{"psg_id":"2126072","text":"or promoters of the \"Catalan Countries\" concept (such as Joan Fuster, Josep Guia or Vicent Partal) were Valencian. The subject became very controversial during the politically agitated Spanish Transition in what was to become the Valencian Community, especially in and around the city of Valencia. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the Spanish Autonomous Communities system was taking shape, the controversy reached its height. Various Valencian right-wing politicians (originally from Unión de Centro Democrático) fearing what was seen as an annexation attempt from Catalonia, fueled a violent Anti-Catalanist campaign against local supporters of the concept of the \"Països","title":"Catalan Countries"},{"psg_id":"17225300","text":"other English-speaking countries, including Singapore, Kenya, Cyprus and Malta. English Speaking Board is a national awarding organisation offering qualifications focused on communication skills at school, in college and throughout life. Its qualifications are recognised and mapped to the relevant National Core Curriculum requirements and it works in close partnership with educational centres across the UK, Europe and the Far East. It runs a parallel scheme for non-native speakers. Its qualifications are recognised by Ofqual. and SQA. English Speaking Board English Speaking Board (International) Ltd. (ESB) is a UK-based organisation that delivers teaching and examinations in oral communication and the language","title":"English Speaking Board"},{"psg_id":"13481444","text":"Speaking in Code Speaking in Code is a character-based documentary directed by Amy Grill about people who are lost in the electronic music lifestyle. Shot in 11 cities and 5 countries, \"Speaking In Code\" provides a glimpse into the techno world through the eyes of Modeselektor, the Wighnomy Brothers, Philip Sherburne, Monolake and David Day. The film documents these characters' successes and failures over a three-year period, including the director's struggle to complete the film. Each storyline illustrates how communities cope with different kinds of electronic music obsession. \"Speaking in Code\" is an account of people who are lost in","title":"Speaking in Code"},{"psg_id":"9759331","text":"important and continuous role in the local economy from the days of the fur trade, through the timbering era, and now contributes to the tourism industry. According to legend, the Spanish name was derived around the year 1750. Numerous persons have attempted to explain the rationale for the name \"Spanish\" in what was once historically part of New France. There are several different theories regarding the name of the community. According to local legends a French Jesuit Father was travelling in the area in the 1700s and encountered a Spanish speaking woman with children. The woman had been captured by","title":"Spanish, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"6526029","text":"dubbed into a Neutral Spanish that avoids idioms and words that may have a coarse meaning in any of the countries in which the programme will be shown. This American Neutral Spanish: American Neutral Spanish tends to be common in Colombia (because of the existence of a lot of regional dialects), Venezuela (because of its location as a crossroad for Spanish-speaking America and an important Spanish-language soap opera production industry) and Mexico, where most of the mass media is made. American Neutral or Mexican Spanish was also formerly distributed with programmes in Spain, particularly U.S. dubbed cartoons, until it was","title":"Standard Spanish"},{"psg_id":"16936561","text":"the Itza, an alliance cemented by intermarriage between the elites of both groups. In the late 17th century Spanish colonial records document hostilities between Maya groups in the lakes region, with the incursion of the Kowoj into former Yalain sites including Zacpeten on Lake Macanché and Ixlu on Lake Salpetén. The Kejache occupied a territory to the north of the Itza, between the lakes and what is now Campeche. To the west of them was Acalan, inhabited by a Chontal Maya-speaking group with their capital in the south of what is now Campeche state. The Ch'olan Maya-speaking Lakandon (not to","title":"Spanish conquest of Petén"},{"psg_id":"7185668","text":"Jackson in that role. Seven games into the season, the Capitals were struck another blow with defensive specialist Kellie Abrams announcing she was quitting the club in what appeared to be a personality clash with coach Maher. Replacing Abrams in the Capitals squad was New Zealand international forward Donna Loffhagen, signed by the club to bolster their rebounding presence in the absence of the injured Jackson. Loffhagen finished the season with the highest average rebounding record in the WNBL with 10.0 rpg, while Marino ended up as the 5th highest scorer with 17.5 ppg. Bevilaqua finished with the highest 3pt","title":"University of Canberra Capitals"},{"psg_id":"18320754","text":"Rampurva capitals The Rampurva capitals are the capitals of a pair of Ashoka Pillars discovered in by A.C.L. Carlleyle. The archaeological site is called Rampurva, and is located in the West Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar, situated very close to the border with Nepal. The two capitals are in the Indian Museum in Kolkota. Waddell in 1896 suggested that the death and parinirvana of Gautama Buddha was in the region of Rampurva: \"I believe that Kusīnagara, where the Buddha died may be ultimately found to the North of Bettiah, and in the line of the Açōka pillars","title":"Rampurva capitals"},{"psg_id":"5543155","text":"Gibraltar and Northern Morocco, as Spanish and Portuguese communities traditionally recruited their ḥazzanim from these countries. There is a remoter affinity with the Babylonian and North African traditions: these are more conservative than the Syrian and Judaeo-Spanish (Balkan, Greek, Turkish) traditions, which have been more heavily influenced by popular Mediterranean, Turkish and Arabic music. In other parts of the service, and in particular on special occasions such as the festivals, Shabbat Bereshit and the anniversary of the founding of the synagogue, the traditional tunes are often replaced by metrical and harmonized compositions in the Western European style. This is not","title":"Spanish and Portuguese Jews"},{"psg_id":"9314339","text":"2018 when the Elite League Capitals did. Net Minders Defense Forwards Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) The Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) were an ice hockey team based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Formed in 1998, they were the 'B' team for the Elite League Capitals with whom they shared their name. The Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) played in the Scottish National League which is considered a third tier league in the United Kingdom equivalent to the equivalent to the NIHL. Certain players also ice for or have iced for their Elite League counterparts. The Captain for the 2017-18 season was Joel Gautschi. His assistants were the","title":"Edinburgh Capitals (SNL)"},{"psg_id":"20600275","text":"Lombardic capitals Lombardic capitals is the name given to a type of decorative upper-case letters used in inscriptions and, typically, at the start of a section of text in medieval manuscripts. Paul Shaw describes it as a 'relative' of uncial writing. The term \"Lombardic\" comes from the study of incunabula. A characteristic form of text decoration in manuscripts and early printed books with hand colouring was to use alternating red and blue Lombardic capitals for the start of each successive paragraph. Unlike historiated or inhabited initials, Lombardic capitals are devoid of further decoration. In modern times, fonts of Lombardic capitals","title":"Lombardic capitals"},{"psg_id":"19388615","text":"of these students. When teachers discover that their students are part of the group that is \"stuck\" as long-term English learners they become \"fired up\" and seek methods to help these students comprehend the English language. Bilingual teachers have spoken up about the outcome that proposition 227 brought upon Spanish-speaking students. Bilingual teachers have sought to creative methods that allow their English-learning students to be able to comprehend the material as their English-speaking colleagues. Spanish bilingual education in California Spanish Bilingual education in California is the incorporation of the Spanish and English language to teach various subjects in primary education.","title":"Spanish bilingual education in California"},{"psg_id":"6273179","text":"and are generally covered with heavy lids to avoid ingress of water. The speaker has to place his mouth in the \"horn\" or bell-shaped end of the pipe and the receiver has to 'bend an ear' to hear what is being said. Voice pipes have generally been replaced by sound powered telephones. The speaking tubes on naval ships are used when they are in \"clam\" mode instead of telephones for electronic stealth. In domestic applications, voicepipes were smaller and referred to as \"speaking tubes\". The ends of the tube were often flexible for convenience of use. The speaking tube supplemented","title":"Speaking tube"},{"psg_id":"10440911","text":"overhear. For example, at the family reunion, an aunt might tell a story to the young female relatives, but males, although not addressed, might also hear the narrative. When considering the participants in a speech event, one should consider implicit and explicit rules about who is, can, and should be involved; what expectations are established for the participants; who is speaking and who is being addressed. Certain ideologies are at play regarding participants in speech events. For instance, cultural norms about how child should speak to adults, how ladies should speak around men, how employees should speak to their boss.","title":"SPEAKING"},{"psg_id":"18319799","text":"short-lived group known as the Mexican American Political Association, which only a few weeks later joined forces with LULAC and Congressman Ed Roybal's Community Service Organization to form the Political Association of Spanish Speaking Organizations. The newly formed group espoused the policies of onetime LULAC President George I. Sanchez, which included more federal funding for education in Hispanic communities, a living wage for migrant workers, stricter control along the Texas-Mexican border and increased welfare for Mexican Americans. In 1962, PASSO collaborated with the Teamsters Union to unionize the employees of Del Monte Foods in Crystal City, Texas. The following year,","title":"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations"},{"psg_id":"814242","text":"awarded the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award from the Hall of Fame for his contributions to hockey broadcasting. These are the top-ten regular season point-scorers in franchise history. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season. \"Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game\" Footnotes Citations Washington Capitals The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports &","title":"Washington Capitals"},{"psg_id":"13260136","text":"significant Swedish minority in Finland. Germanic-speaking Europe Germanic-speaking Europe refers to the area of Europe that today uses a Germanic language. Over 200 million Europeans (some 30%) speak a Germanic language natively. At the same time 515 million speak a Germanic language natively in the whole world (6.87%). Independent European countries whose population are predominantly native speakers of a Germanic language: German is the sole official language in Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein, and is a co-official language in Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the European Union. Several other countries, including Denmark, Hungary, Italy, and Poland, have German as a national minority","title":"Germanic-speaking Europe"},{"psg_id":"13260132","text":"Germanic-speaking Europe Germanic-speaking Europe refers to the area of Europe that today uses a Germanic language. Over 200 million Europeans (some 30%) speak a Germanic language natively. At the same time 515 million speak a Germanic language natively in the whole world (6.87%). Independent European countries whose population are predominantly native speakers of a Germanic language: German is the sole official language in Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein, and is a co-official language in Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the European Union. Several other countries, including Denmark, Hungary, Italy, and Poland, have German as a national minority language. English is a West","title":"Germanic-speaking Europe"},{"psg_id":"814214","text":"hiring Capitals legend Dale Hunter as his replacement. By the end of the 2011–12 season, the team's top two goaltenders, Michal Neuvirth and Tomas Vokoun, were injured and the Capitals were required to lean on their goaltending prospect Braden Holtby to help the team into the 2012 playoffs. The Capitals made a strong push and finished with the seventh overall seed in East, draining the defending champion Boston Bruins in the first round. The Capitals shocked the NHL by defeating the heavily favored Bruins in seven games on an overtime goal by Joel Ward. Every game in the series was","title":"Washington Capitals"},{"psg_id":"6526015","text":"and quality, along with the phrases and forms of speech, and the proverbs, sayings, and other matters pertinent to the use of the language\". In 1741 the Academy published an \"Orthography of the Spanish Language\", and in 1771 a \"Grammar of the Spanish Language\". The Spanish language words used in the Latin American countries began to be recorded in dictionaries as \"Americanisms\", beginning in the 19th century. During the 1880s, a new political situation and the intellectual independence of the former colonies drove the Real Academia Española to propose the formation of branch academies in the Spanish-speaking republics. The project","title":"Standard Spanish"},{"psg_id":"8377390","text":"Sacramento, announced their move to Las Vegas. The team was renamed the Las Vegas Neon. The new Las Vegas team was shut down a few weeks later, before it even started after owner Deepal Wannakuwatte was arrested for running a Ponzi scheme. Sacramento Capitals The Sacramento Capitals were a team in World Team Tennis wo competed from 1988 through 2013. The Capitals have won six championships, including four straight from 1997 to 2000. The other titles came in 2002 and 2007. For the 2012 World Team Tennis season, the team returned to play its home matches at Capitals Stadium at","title":"Sacramento Capitals"},{"psg_id":"3046382","text":"English-speaking world Approximately 330 to 360 million people speak English as their first language. With 258 million native speakers, the United States comprises the majority of the global total. As pictured in the pie graph below, most native speakers of English are Americans. Additionally, there are 60 million native English speakers in the United Kingdom, 19 million in Canada, 25.1 million in Australia, 4.8 million in Ireland, and 4.8 million in New Zealand. Other countries also use English as their primary and official languages. In the European Union, English is one of 24 official languages and is widely used by","title":"English-speaking world"},{"psg_id":"3685461","text":"greater than \"million\" is one thousand times as large as the previous term. Thus, \"billion\" means \"a thousand millions\" (10), \"trillion\" means \"a thousand billions\" (10), and so on. Thus, an \"n\"-illion equals 10. Every new term greater than \"million\" is one million times as large as the previous term. Thus, \"billion\" means \"a million millions\" (10), \"trillion\" means \"a million billions\" (10), and so on. Thus, an \"n\"-illion equals 10. Countries where the long scale is currently used include most countries in continental Europe and most that are French-speaking, Spanish-speaking (except Spanish-speakers born into an English-speaking culture, e.g. Puerto","title":"Long and short scales"},{"psg_id":"4889306","text":"also switch teams, moving to Yorkshire based Hull Stingrays. The Capitals would finish this season in last place, recording only six wins, making it the club’s worst season in the league. Following the 2004–05 British National League season, the Capitals and Newcastle Vipers applied to join the Elite Ice Hockey League, however both clubs withdrew their offers to make a joint application with the other remaining BNL clubs. Terms could not be reached between the Elite League and the BNL teams, so the Capitals and Vipers returned to their initial offers. Both clubs were accepted into the Elite League for","title":"Edinburgh Capitals"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14459318\",\n \"text\": \"Ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures There are many stories of ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures. The Spanish language is second only in number of native speakers to Mandarin Chinese, the tongue of over 360 million people. Ghost stories exist throughout Spanish-speaking America and in Spain. In the Pampas, and particularly in Carro Quemado, the ghost of a colonel on horseback galloping in search of his soldiers killed by the Indians appears from time to time. In a dwelling in Neuquén in the Patagonia region of Argentina, there are sudden strange fires that the fire department is unable to explain, and in which\",\n \"title\": \"Ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2126059\",\n \"text\": \"of the area belonged to the Crown of Aragon in the Middle Ages. Parts of Valencia (Spanish) and Catalonia (Occitan) are not Catalan-speaking. The \\\"Catalan Countries\\\" have been at the centre of both cultural and political projects since the late 19th century. Its mainly cultural dimension became increasingly politically charged by the late 1960s and early 1970s, as Francoism began to die out in Spain, and what had been a cultural term restricted to connoisseurs of Catalan philology became a divisive issue during the Spanish Transition period, most acrimoniously in Valencia during the 1980s. Modern linguistic and cultural projects include\",\n \"title\": \"Catalan Countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4613146\",\n \"text\": \"fauna and toponyms. Some of these words are used in most, or all, Spanish-speaking countries, like \\\"chocolate\\\" and \\\"aguacate\\\" (\\\"avocado\\\"), and some are only used in Mexico. The latter include \\\"guajolote\\\" \\\"turkey\\\" < Nahuatl \\\"huaxōlōtl\\\" (although \\\"pavo\\\" is also used, as in other Spanish-speaking countries); \\\"papalote\\\" \\\"kite\\\" < Nahuatl \\\"pāpālōtl\\\" \\\"butterfly\\\"; and \\\"jitomate\\\" \\\"tomato\\\" < Nahuatl \\\"xītomatl\\\" . For a more complete list see List of Spanish words of Nahuatl origin. Other expressions that are unique to colloquial Mexican Spanish include: Most of the words above are considered informal (e.g. \\\"chavo(a)\\\", \\\"padre\\\", \\\"güero\\\", etc.), rude (\\\"güey\\\", \\\"naco\\\", \\\"¿cómo (la) ves?\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Mexican Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4613129\",\n \"text\": \"of Mexican Spanish. Regarding the evolution of the Spanish spoken in Mexico, the Swedish linguist points out that in Central Mexican Spanish—unlike most varieties in the other Spanish-speaking countries—the vowels lose strength, while consonants are fully pronounced. Malmberg attributes this to a Nahuatl substratum, as part of a broader cultural phenomenon that preserves aspects of indigenous culture through place names of Nahuatl origin, statues that commemorate Aztec rulers, etc. The Mexican linguist , however, finds similar weakening of vowels in regions of several other Spanish-speaking countries; he also finds no similarity between the vowel behavior of Nahuatl and that of\",\n \"title\": \"Mexican Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7583769\",\n \"text\": \"a mixture of two dialects: that of the 16th- and 17th-century Portuguese colonists in the Cibao valley, and that of the 18th-century Canarian settlers. According to the linguist John Lipski, the greatest extra-Hispanic influences on Dominican Spanish have been Haitian Creole and West African languages. Most of the Spanish-speaking settlers came from Andalusia (southern Spain) and the Canary Islands. When they first arrived in what is now the Dominican Republic, the first native people they had contact with were the Arawak-speaking Taino people. Spanish, just as in other Latin American countries, completely replaced the indigenous languages (Taíno and the language\",\n \"title\": \"Dominican Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20266030\",\n \"text\": \"to turn right. Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking countries This is a comparison of road signs in countries that speak majorly English, including major ones where it is an official language and widely understood (and as a lingua franca). Botswana, Eswatini (Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are all SADC members who drive on the left and use the SADC Road Traffic Signs Manual, and thus have identical road signs. Mandatory signs indicating an obligation to turn left do exist, but are not included in the list below since they are functionally mirror versions of signs\",\n \"title\": \"Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20266029\",\n \"text\": \"Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking countries This is a comparison of road signs in countries that speak majorly English, including major ones where it is an official language and widely understood (and as a lingua franca). Botswana, Eswatini (Swaziland), Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are all SADC members who drive on the left and use the SADC Road Traffic Signs Manual, and thus have identical road signs. Mandatory signs indicating an obligation to turn left do exist, but are not included in the list below since they are functionally mirror versions of signs indicating an obligation\",\n \"title\": \"Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1574272\",\n \"text\": \"well\\\" in the 2000 U.S. Census. This percentage increased to 57% in the 2013-2017 American Community Survey. The United States is among the Spanish-speaking countries that has its own Academy of the Spanish Language. There are more Spanish-speakers in the United States than speakers of French, German, Italian, Hawaiian, varieties of Chinese and Native American languages combined. According to the 2012 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, Spanish is the primary language spoken at home by 38.3 million people aged five or older, more than twice that of 1990. The Spanish language has been present in what\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish language in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"364758\",\n \"text\": \"is a worldwide nonprofit organization created by the Spanish government in 1991. This organization has branched out in over 20 different countries, with 54 centers devoted to the Spanish and Hispanic American cultures and Spanish language. The ultimate goals of the Institute are to promote universally the education, the study, and the use of Spanish as a second language, to support methods and activities that help the process of Spanish-language education, and to contribute to the advancement of the Spanish and Hispanic American cultures in non-Spanish-speaking countries. The Institute's 2015 report \\\"El español, una lengua viva\\\" (Spanish, a living language)\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18319793\",\n \"text\": \"Kennedy on the campaign trail. During a stump speech, Kennedy professed his admiration for \\\"this splendid veterans organization of Spanish-speaking ex-servicemen.\\\" At their 1960 convention, Forum leaders spoke of the importance of electing Kennedy as President of the United States to desegregate schools, lift up the middle class and assist migrant workers, which are issues that appeal to Mexican American voters. With widespread support and under the tutelage of Carlos McCormick, G.I. Forum members helped to organize Viva Kennedy chapters in barrios across the United States. Women, businessmen and other subgroups passionately joined the effort to elect Kennedy. Low-key fundraisers\",\n \"title\": \"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"814180\",\n \"text\": \"Washington Capitals The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, headed by Ted Leonsis. From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre, in Landover, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, D.C.). In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena, their present home arena in Washington, D.C. The Capitals were founded in as an expansion franchise, alongside the Kansas City\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18319800\",\n \"text\": \"PASSO helped to win all five seats of the Crystal City Council for Mexican Americans. In 1965, PASSO waged a campaign against La Casita Farms, one of the largest agribusinesses in Texas and in doing so, employed more radical tactics, which alienated the middle class members and caused many of them to depart the organization. At the height of the Chicano Movement that swept Texas, the remaining members of PASSO joined the Raza Unida Party, effectively abolishing the organization. Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations The Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations (PASSO) was formed as an outgrowth of the success of\",\n \"title\": \"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18319786\",\n \"text\": \"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations The Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations (PASSO) was formed as an outgrowth of the success of the Viva Kennedy Clubs in the 1960 United States Presidential Election. PASSO, which comprised several Mexican-American activist groups, fought to increase Mexican-American participation in electoral politics and campaigned for candidates, generally of Mexican descent, who supported desegregated education, protection from discrimination and federal government jobs for Mexican Americans. Later, the group became involved in farm labor disputes and was ultimately disbanded. After World War II, few Anglo-Americans sympathized with the plight of Mexican Americans. In the 1950s, Mexican Americans\",\n \"title\": \"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16116550\",\n \"text\": \"What Are Words (album) What Are Words is the debut album of the American singer Chris Medina. The album was released by Sony Music contains 11 pop-rock songs, some of them sensitive ballads, others more energetic and rocking. Album included the title track \\\"What Are Words\\\", a touching track inspired by Chris Medina's fiancé who had a serious brain injury after a car accident in 2009. Although \\\"What Are Words\\\" was only a minor hit in the United States, it was a big hit in Scandinavian countries topping both Norwegian \\\"VG-lista\\\" Singles Chart and the Swedish \\\"Sverigetopplistan\\\" Singles Chart. It\",\n \"title\": \"What Are Words (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"364737\",\n \"text\": \"from Mexican Spanish, owing to the administration of the islands by Spain through Mexico City until 1821, and then directly from Madrid until 1898. Spanish loan words are present in the local languages of Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Marshall Islands and Micronesia, all of which formerly comprised the Spanish East Indies. The following table shows the number of Spanish speakers in some 79 countries. There are important variations (phonological, grammatical, and lexical) in the spoken Spanish of the various regions of Spain and throughout the Spanish-speaking areas of the Americas. The variety with the most speakers is Mexican Spanish.\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14459332\",\n \"text\": \"bag filled with his family's bones. The ghost was named for its distinctive whistle, an omen of death. A version of the legend in the eastern plains of Colombia says the Silbón is a lost soul of a womanizer who died alone and abandoned and seeks company. Another version says he chases pregnant women, delivering a long, sharp whistle that creates an intense cold that enters through the ears and freezes people. When the whistle is sharp a woman will die, but if it is blurred, a man dies. Ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures There are many stories of ghosts in\",\n \"title\": \"Ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"619172\",\n \"text\": \"Dutch-speaking north of Belgium. For example, a \\\" (\\\"Derby der Lage Landen\\\"), is a sports event between Belgium and the Netherlands. Belgium separated in 1830 from the (northern) Netherlands. The new country took its name from \\\"Belgica\\\", the Latinised name for the Low Countries, as it was known during the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648). The Low Countries were in that war divided in two parts. On one hand, the northern Federated Netherlands or \\\"Belgica Foederata\\\" rebelled against the Spanish king; on the other, the southern Royal Netherlands or \\\"Belgica Regia\\\" remained loyal to the Spanish king. This divide laid the\",\n \"title\": \"Low Countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4613149\",\n \"text\": \"Philippines, is based on Mexican Spanish. Mexican Spanish Mexican Spanish () is a set of varieties of the Spanish language as spoken in Mexico and in some parts of the United States and Canada. Spanish was brought to Mexico in the 16th century. As in all other Spanish-speaking countries (including Spain), different accents and varieties of the language exist in different parts of the country, for both historical and sociological reasons. Among these, the varieties that are best known outside of the country are those of central Mexico—both educated and uneducated varieties—largely because the capital, Mexico City, hosts most of\",\n \"title\": \"Mexican Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8483841\",\n \"text\": \"Vienna Capitals Vienna Capitals are an Austrian professional ice hockey club who participate in the Erste Bank Hockey League. Founded in 2001, the Capitals play their home games in Vienna, Austria, at Albert Schultz Eishalle. In the 2004–05 season, the Capitals claimed their first Austrian Championship in defeating EC KAC. The Vienna Capitals were founded in 2001, after the disbandment of Wiener EV in 2000, to continue the legacy of ice hockey which has been served in the Federal capital since 1914. They began competition into the EBEL in the 2001–02 season, under coach Kurt Harand. With good performances they\",\n \"title\": \"Vienna Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"364727\",\n \"text\": \"2000 census, it is spoken by 43% of the population. Mainly, it is spoken by the descendants of Hispanics who have been in the region since the seventeenth century; however, English is the official language. Due to their proximity to Spanish-speaking countries, Trinidad and Tobago and Brazil have implemented Spanish language teaching into their education systems. The Trinidad government launched the \\\"Spanish as a First Foreign Language\\\" (SAFFL) initiative in March 2005. In 2005, the National Congress of Brazil approved a bill, signed into law by the President, making it mandatory for schools to offer Spanish as an alternative foreign\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4613124\",\n \"text\": \"Mexican Spanish Mexican Spanish () is a set of varieties of the Spanish language as spoken in Mexico and in some parts of the United States and Canada. Spanish was brought to Mexico in the 16th century. As in all other Spanish-speaking countries (including Spain), different accents and varieties of the language exist in different parts of the country, for both historical and sociological reasons. Among these, the varieties that are best known outside of the country are those of central Mexico—both educated and uneducated varieties—largely because the capital, Mexico City, hosts most of the mass communication media with international\",\n \"title\": \"Mexican Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1651363\",\n \"text\": \"wheat tortilla of Mexico and neighbouring countries, which is a thin flatbread. In most of Hispanic America, where both the flatbread and potato omelette are eaten, the omelette is called \\\"tortilla española\\\" to distinguish it from the maize tortilla of the region. Because the potato is called \\\"papa\\\" in much of Hispanic America (instead of the term \\\"patata\\\" used in Spain), this dish can sometimes be referred to as \\\"tortilla de papas\\\" in that region as well. The Spanish tortilla (\\\"tortilla de patatas\\\" in Spain) is widely eaten in Spain and some Spanish-speaking countries. While there are numerous regional variations,\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish omelette\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7884220\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Mary left\\\", Spanish \\\"María salió\\\", and Portuguese \\\"A Maria saiu\\\". Note, however, that in many Spanish dialects the definite article is used before personal names; thus, \\\"la María salió\\\" is commonly heard. Portuguese uses the definite article before the names of some cities and almost all countries except relatively new ones, such as \\\"Cingapura\\\"/\\\"Singapura\\\" ('Singapore'), and those related to Portugal (or with which Portugal has historical relationships, even though this is a rough rule) and the Portuguese-speaking countries, e.g., \\\"a Holanda\\\" but \\\"Portugal\\\"; \\\"o México\\\" but \\\"Angola\\\", \\\"a Suécia\\\", but \\\"Moçambique\\\". The major exception to the country rule is \\\"o\",\n \"title\": \"Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13621628\",\n \"text\": \"Mexico and Nicaragua. The latter include \\\"guajolote\\\" \\\"turkey\\\" < Nahuatl \\\"huaxōlōtl\\\" (although \\\"pavo\\\" is also used, as in other Spanish-speaking countries); \\\"papalote\\\" \\\"kite\\\" < Nahuatl \\\"pāpālōtl\\\" \\\"butterfly\\\"; and \\\"jitomate\\\" \\\"tomato\\\" < Nahuatl \\\"xītomatl\\\" . For a more complete list see List of Spanish words of Nahuatl origin. Certain words that are present in Nicaraguan Spanish may not be immediately recognizable to non-Nicaraguans: Nicaraguan Spanish Nicaraguan Spanish () is geographically defined as the form of Spanish spoken in Nicaragua. Affectionately, Nicaraguan Spanish is often called \\\"Nicañol.\\\" The Spanish dialect in Nicaragua shares many similarities with that of its neighbors in the\",\n \"title\": \"Nicaraguan Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656200\",\n \"text\": \"regions where Spanish is the main language, and where the legacy of Spanish settlement and colonization influences culture, through religion, language, cuisine, and so on. The varieties of Spanish that predominate in this region are known collectively as Caribbean Spanish. The term is used in contrast to Anglophone Caribbean, French Caribbean, and Dutch Caribbean, which are other modern linguistic divisions of the Caribbean region. The Hispanophone Caribbean is a part of the wider Hispanic America, which includes all the Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas. Historically, coastal areas of Spanish Florida and the Caribbean South America (cf. the Spanish Main) were\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish West Indies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8238844\",\n \"text\": \"Lansing Capitals The Lansing Capitals are a member of the Independent Basketball Association (IBA). Founded in 2006, the Capitals were originally members of the International Basketball League. The team plays their home games at Aim High Sports at The Summit Sports and Ice Complex in Dimondale, Michigan. The Capitals played a full IBL season in 2006 and a partial season in 2007. In the first full season of competition, the Capitals had two players named to the 2006 IBL All-Star team: Cory Coe, who was the third leading scorer in the league at 28.1 ppg, and Steve Ordiway, who averaged\",\n \"title\": \"Lansing Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8238842\",\n \"text\": \"Lansing Capitals The Lansing Capitals are a member of the Independent Basketball Association (IBA). Founded in 2006, the Capitals were originally members of the International Basketball League. The team plays their home games at Aim High Sports at The Summit Sports and Ice Complex in Dimondale, Michigan. The Capitals played a full IBL season in 2006 and a partial season in 2007. In the first full season of competition, the Capitals had two players named to the 2006 IBL All-Star team: Cory Coe, who was the third leading scorer in the league at 28.1 ppg, and Steve Ordiway, who averaged\",\n \"title\": \"Lansing Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18319798\",\n \"text\": \"professional responsibilities in their communities for a permanent diplomatic post. Yet another result of Viva Kennedy was the development of Political Association of Spanish Speaking Organization (PASSO or PASO). Because of the Viva Kennedy connections, leaders from other Mexican American organizations such as LULAC and American G.I. Forum took the opportunity to create an organization that they believed would create national coordination. PASSO was strongest in Texas even though it was a national organization. After the electoral success, McCormick, Peña and Garcia met in Victoria, Texas to discuss the future of Viva Kennedy. The outcome was the conception of a\",\n \"title\": \"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12340858\",\n \"text\": \"of Madrid also used to have courses. Prof. David Bunis taught Ladino at the University of Washington, in Seattle during the 2013–14 academic year. In Spain, the Spanish Royal Academy (RAE) in 2017 announced plans to create a Judaeo-Spanish branch in Israel in addition to 23 existing academies, in various Spanish-speaking countries, that are associated in the Association of Spanish Language Academies. Its stated purpose is to preserve Judaeo-Spanish. The move was seen as another step to make up for the Expulsion, following the offer of Spanish citizenship to Sephardim who had some connection with Spain. Folklorists have been collecting\",\n \"title\": \"Judaeo-Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5512067\",\n \"text\": \"than members of the established English-speaking communities. Also, a larger proportion are French-speaking than before. However, immigrants from English-speaking countries such as Britain, the United States, and Jamaica usually come with a knowledge of English; Asians account for the fastest growing segment of the population, with over 26,000 Asians coming to Quebec between 1996 and 2001 and having English as their first official language spoken in 2001; as a result, over a quarter of anglophones now come from visible minority groups. Some First nation peoples such as the Mohawk, the Cree, and Inuit also use English in their day-to-day lives.\",\n \"title\": \"English-speaking Quebecers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5048825\",\n \"text\": \"citing that only four teams had registered for the 2012 season. They also went dark for the 2013 season after being unable to find a new league to play in. They are exploring options for the 2014 baseball season. Edmonton Capitals The Edmonton Capitals, originally the Edmonton Cracker-Cats, were a Canadian professional independent minor league baseball team that played between 2005 and 2011 in several leagues. The Capitals are based in Edmonton, Alberta, and are currently inactive as they do not belong to any league. The team was founded in 2005 as the Edmonton Cracker-Cats and, with their provincial brethren\",\n \"title\": \"Edmonton Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1145925\",\n \"text\": \"Names given to the Spanish language There are two names given in Spanish to the Spanish language: español (\\\"Spanish\\\") and castellano (\\\"Castilian\\\"). Spanish speakers from different countries or backgrounds can show a preference for one term or the other, or use them indiscriminately, but political issues or common usage might lead speakers to prefer one term over the other. This article identifies the differences between those terms, the countries or backgrounds that show a preference for one or the other, and the implications the choice of words might have for a native Spanish-speaker. Formally speaking, the national language of Spain,\",\n \"title\": \"Names given to the Spanish language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3969681\",\n \"text\": \"authors which use this script are those by Prudentius and Sedulius. Rustic capitals Rustic capitals () is an ancient Roman calligraphic script. Because the term is negatively connotated supposing an opposition to the more 'civilized' form of the Roman square capitals, Bernhard Bischoff prefers to call the script \\\"canonized capitals\\\". Rustic capitals are similar to Roman square capitals, but are less rigid, influenced more by pen and ink writing on papyrus or parchment than the writing used for inscriptions. The letters are thinner and more compressed, use many more curved lines than do square capitals, and have descenders extending below\",\n \"title\": \"Rustic capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6526031\",\n \"text\": \"tries to avoid regional phenomena, such as the Spanish-speaking American voseo, or terms that may be identified with specific countries (for example, for “computer”, the term in Spanish-speaking America is ', except in a few areas that prefer ', while in Spain the most frequent term is '; as a result, Microsoft Windows uses the region-neutral term '). This neutral language is developed with the help of glossaries that prescribe the preferred terms and the terms to avoid. It is a common occurrence in the computing field, because it lowers production costs. Standard Spanish Standard Spanish is a linguistic variety,\",\n \"title\": \"Standard Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4878795\",\n \"text\": \"speaking organization, through a national tournament, or if they belong to one of the founding schools, by their decision. Countries that have a more established debating and public speaking program often use qualifying competitions, which are often extremely competitive. This is the method currently used by South Korea, Canada, the United States, Australia, Hong Kong, and South Africa. Alternatively, those with nascent or smaller programs rely on a handful of schools to select and send members, this includes Cyprus, Germany, and Pakistan. Additionally, half of the team from the United States and Canada qualify through the International Independent Schools Public\",\n \"title\": \"World Individual Debating and Public Speaking Championships\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5048818\",\n \"text\": \"Edmonton Capitals The Edmonton Capitals, originally the Edmonton Cracker-Cats, were a Canadian professional independent minor league baseball team that played between 2005 and 2011 in several leagues. The Capitals are based in Edmonton, Alberta, and are currently inactive as they do not belong to any league. The team was founded in 2005 as the Edmonton Cracker-Cats and, with their provincial brethren the Calgary Vipers, joined the Northern League as part of that league's attempt to expand its footprint in Canada. The Cracker-Cats moved to the Golden Baseball League in 2008 and were sold to Daryl Katz, the owner of the\",\n \"title\": \"Edmonton Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3969679\",\n \"text\": \"Rustic capitals Rustic capitals () is an ancient Roman calligraphic script. Because the term is negatively connotated supposing an opposition to the more 'civilized' form of the Roman square capitals, Bernhard Bischoff prefers to call the script \\\"canonized capitals\\\". Rustic capitals are similar to Roman square capitals, but are less rigid, influenced more by pen and ink writing on papyrus or parchment than the writing used for inscriptions. The letters are thinner and more compressed, use many more curved lines than do square capitals, and have descenders extending below the baseline. The script was used between the 1st century and\",\n \"title\": \"Rustic capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7689122\",\n \"text\": \"Spanish meaning of the word as well as the Arabic etymology. No fixed standard of Arabic transliteration is used. Rationale for inclusion \\\"Due to the large influence of Arabic on Spanish vocabulary, this list is relatively restrictive: The etymology and meaning of most of these words can be verified on the site of the Real Academia de la Lengua Española, although a small minority are only available in other sources or past editions of this dictionary. Many of these words will be unfamiliar to many Spanish speakers because their use is restricted to certain regions of Spain or Spanish-speaking countries\",\n \"title\": \"Arabic language influence on the Spanish language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20044209\",\n \"text\": \"95), the Flyers and Capitals are natural rivals. It was common for the Capital Centre, where the Capitals played, to be filled with many Flyers fans during the meetings. This led to an intense hatred for Capitals fans, and became even more intense when they would join the Flyers in the Patrick Division. After struggling for close to a decade, the Capitals finally made the playoffs in 1983, but would not meet the Flyers until the next season. The Capitals, then led by Mike Gartner and Rod Langway, got their first playoff series win in franchise history by defeating the\",\n \"title\": \"Capitals–Flyers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13610726\",\n \"text\": \"almost entirely upon hydro-power resources for its production of electricity. At the beginning of the 20th century, almost 12 million people lived in the Nordic countries. Today, the population has increased to 27 million people. The Nordic countries have one of the lowest population densities in the world. The low density is partly due to the fact that many parts of the Nordic countries are marginal areas, where nature puts limitations on settlement. In four out of five Nordic countries, around 20 per cent of the population is to be found in the vicinity of the respective capitals. In Iceland,\",\n \"title\": \"Nordic countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13621627\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"vos\\\", rather than \\\"usted\\\". \\\"Tú\\\" is hardly used in Nicaraguan Spanish, except in addressing foreigners familiarly, in speech or in writing. Due in part to the influence of Mexican, Colombian, and Venezuelan television programming, Nicaraguans are familiar with tuteo, and some television viewers, especially children, have begun to use it in limited contexts. A number of words widely used in Nicaragua which have Nahuatl, Mayan or other native origins, in particular names for flora, fauna and toponyms. Some of these words are used in most, or all, Spanish-speaking countries, like \\\"chocolate\\\" and \\\"aguacate\\\" (\\\"avocado\\\"), and some are only used in\",\n \"title\": \"Nicaraguan Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17757122\",\n \"text\": \"EV2 The Capitals Route EuroVelo 2 (EV2), named \\\"The Capitals Route\\\", is a long EuroVelo long-distance cycling route running from Galway, Ireland to Moscow, Russia. This east-west route passes successively through seven countries – Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Belarus and Russia – and visits all their capital cities. The route is known as the Dublin-Galway Greenway, and is yet to be finalised. The western section of EV2 between Galway and Dublin was scheduled to commence construction between Athlone and Mullingar in 2014, and completed in 2015, along a disused railway line. Portions of the Royal Canal\",\n \"title\": \"EV2 The Capitals Route\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17757126\",\n \"text\": \"Minsk. In Russia, the EV2 is in the planning stages and will pass through Smolensk on its way to Moscow. EV2 The Capitals Route EuroVelo 2 (EV2), named \\\"The Capitals Route\\\", is a long EuroVelo long-distance cycling route running from Galway, Ireland to Moscow, Russia. This east-west route passes successively through seven countries – Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Belarus and Russia – and visits all their capital cities. The route is known as the Dublin-Galway Greenway, and is yet to be finalised. The western section of EV2 between Galway and Dublin was scheduled to commence construction\",\n \"title\": \"EV2 The Capitals Route\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"773510\",\n \"text\": \"around the world. Many local programs are broadcast by networks in other countries, and others have their rights purchased by foreign producers for adaptations in their own markets. Argentina has five major networks. All provincial capitals and other large cities have at least one local station. Argentines enjoy the highest availability of cable and satellite television in Latin America, similar to percentages in North America. Many cable networks operate from Argentina and serve the Spanish-speaking world, including Utilísima Satelital, TyC Sports, Fox Sports en Español (with the United States and México), MTV Argentina, Cosmopolitan TV, and the news network Todo\",\n \"title\": \"Communications in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19400503\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Central Penn Capitals season The 2016 Central Penn Capitals season was the fourth season for the American indoor football franchise, and their fourth in the American Indoor Football. On October 14, 2015, it was announced that the Capitals were moving to Harrisburg and renaming themselves the Central Penn Capitals. Key: \\\"All start times are local to home team\\\" \\\"All start times are local to home team\\\" \\\"All start times are local to home team\\\" When initially announced, the Capitals were set to play the Northern Division's first-seeded West Michigan Ironmen. On May 30, the Capitals were replaced with the\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Central Penn Capitals season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18263492\",\n \"text\": \"What Are You Waiting For? (Nickelback song) \\\"What Are You Waiting For?\\\" is a song by the Canadian rock band Nickelback from their eighth studio album, \\\"No Fixed Address\\\", and released as the second overall single and lead pop single off the album. The song was released on September 5, 2014 to Australia and other various countries, before being shipped worldwide on September 9, 2014. The song impacted US Hot AC radio on September 22, 2014 and US CHR radio on October 21, 2014. Nickelback announced that they were shooting the music video for the track, along with \\\"Edge of\",\n \"title\": \"What Are You Waiting For? (Nickelback song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7185700\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson, Bishop and Talbot in the front court. The Capitals have had 10 head coaches since their WNBL inception in 1986: University of Canberra Capitals The University of Canberra Capitals are an Australian professional women's basketball team competing in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). The team is based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. In 2014 the University of Canberra Union took control of the Capitals from Basketball ACT. The University of Canberra is the current naming rights sponsor for the Capitals. Founded in 1984, the Capitals first competed in the WNBL in the 1986 season after winning the Australian\",\n \"title\": \"University of Canberra Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7343309\",\n \"text\": \"Brampton Capitals The Brampton Capitals were a Junior \\\"A\\\" ice hockey team from Brampton, Ontario, Canada. They were a part of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. The team was decommissioned by the league, in March 2012. The team was formed as Nobleton Capitals in 1984 and later as the Etobicoke Capitals. Since moving to Brampton in 1989, the Capitals have been one of the more dominant teams in the OPJHL. With three league titles, the Capitals have never moved on to the Dudley Hewitt Cup. In 2000, the Capitals won their second league title, 4-games-to-2 over the Lindsay Muskies. In\",\n \"title\": \"Brampton Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7711856\",\n \"text\": \"consisting of local individuals. In 2013, the Caps were sold to a new private local group. These are franchise records held by previous team rosters. Figures are updated after each completed MHL regular season. <br> Summerside Western Capitals The Summerside Western Capitals are a Junior \\\"A\\\" hockey team based out of Summerside, Prince Edward Island. They play out of the Maritime Junior A Hockey League. The team currently plays their home games at the Consolidated Credit Union Place. Until 2007 the team played at the former Cahill Stadium. The Capitals started out in the Island Junior Hockey League. Thus, the\",\n \"title\": \"Summerside Western Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"814238\",\n \"text\": \"the white \\\"Capitals\\\" word-mark. Starting with the 2015–16 season, the Capitals will wear their throwback red third jerseys, replacing the white Winter Classic thirds. Prior to the 2017–18 season, the NHL announced a new partnership with Adidas, and the Capitals unveiled new uniforms with minor changes. There were no third jerseys during that season, but the return of the program in the 2018–19 season saw the return of the Capitals' red throwback uniforms as their alternates. For the 2018 Stadium Series, the Capitals used newly-designed navy uniforms, honoring the fact that the game was held at the U.S. Naval Academy.\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19400504\",\n \"text\": \"Southern Division's third-seeded Myrtle Beach Freedom and the Capitals were held out of the playoffs altogether. <section begin=roster /> <section end=roster /> 2016 Central Penn Capitals season The 2016 Central Penn Capitals season was the fourth season for the American indoor football franchise, and their fourth in the American Indoor Football. On October 14, 2015, it was announced that the Capitals were moving to Harrisburg and renaming themselves the Central Penn Capitals. Key: \\\"All start times are local to home team\\\" \\\"All start times are local to home team\\\" \\\"All start times are local to home team\\\" When initially announced,\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Central Penn Capitals season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13610687\",\n \"text\": \"Finland and Sweden, the extensive volcanic and geothermal activity of Iceland, and Greenland, which is the largest island in the world. The southernmost point of the Nordic countries is Gedser, on the island of Falster in Denmark. The northernmost point is Kaffeklubben Island in Greenland, which is also the northernmost point of land on Earth. The largest cities and capitals of the Nordic countries are situated on the southern parts of the region, with the exception of Reykjavík, the capital of Iceland. Helsinki, Oslo and Stockholm are all close to the same latitude as the southernmost point of Greenland, Egger\",\n \"title\": \"Nordic countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7711847\",\n \"text\": \"Summerside Western Capitals The Summerside Western Capitals are a Junior \\\"A\\\" hockey team based out of Summerside, Prince Edward Island. They play out of the Maritime Junior A Hockey League. The team currently plays their home games at the Consolidated Credit Union Place. Until 2007 the team played at the former Cahill Stadium. The Capitals started out in the Island Junior Hockey League. Thus, the reference to 'western' in the original team name, The Capitals joined the MJAHL in 1991. They hosted the Centennial Cup 1989 on behalf of the IJHL. This team was coached by former NHL coach, General\",\n \"title\": \"Summerside Western Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5432305\",\n \"text\": \"a proper banner, which hangs near the scoreboard in the arena. Cowichan Valley Capitals The Cowichan Valley Capitals are a Junior \\\"A\\\" ice hockey team based in Duncan, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Island Division of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). They play their home games at Island Savings Centre. \\\"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes\\\" 15. Andrew Mccann \\\"A\\\" The Capitals have only one number retired, The\",\n \"title\": \"Cowichan Valley Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5432304\",\n \"text\": \"Cowichan Valley Capitals The Cowichan Valley Capitals are a Junior \\\"A\\\" ice hockey team based in Duncan, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Island Division of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). They play their home games at Island Savings Centre. \\\"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes\\\" 15. Andrew Mccann \\\"A\\\" The Capitals have only one number retired, The jersey with his number & name have recently been replaced with\",\n \"title\": \"Cowichan Valley Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3046384\",\n \"text\": \"Irish English, New Zealand English and their sub-varieties, countries such as South Africa, India, the Philippines, Jamaica and Nigeria also have millions of native speakers of dialect continua ranging from English-based creole languages to Standard English. India now claims to be the world's second-largest English-speaking country. The most reliable estimate is around 10% of its population or 125 million people, second only to the US and expected to quadruple in the next decade. There are six large countries with a majority of native English speakers that are sometimes grouped under the term Anglosphere. In numbers of English speakers they are:\",\n \"title\": \"English-speaking world\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4889340\",\n \"text\": \"the Murrayfield Racers name, led by David Hand in April 2018. \\\"Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points\\\" <br>\\\"Last updated: September 2016.\\\" \\\"Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points\\\" <br>\\\"Last updated: September.\\\" 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2011–12 2012–13 The Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) are the \\\"B\\\" team to the Edinburgh Capitals, with whom they share their name. The Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) play in the Scottish National League which is considered a third tier league in the United Kingdom, equivalent to the\",\n \"title\": \"Edinburgh Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20835261\",\n \"text\": \"went on to finish as runners-up in 2000, before a name change to the Brisbane Capitals resulted in two more championships in 2001 and 2002. The men's team meanwhile were runners-up in 1991 and 2001 before winning their maiden championship in 2002. In 2013, the Capitals men played in their first grand final since 2002, where they lost 102–95 to the Rockhampton Rockets. The Capitals returned to the grand final in 2015, losing the best-of-three series 2–1 to the Mackay Meteors. In 2016, the Capitals played in their third grand final in four years, this time losing 2–0 to the\",\n \"title\": \"Brisbane Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3965734\",\n \"text\": \"Roman square capitals Roman square capitals, also called capitalis monumentalis, inscriptional capitals, elegant capitals and capitalis quadrata, are an ancient Roman form of writing, and the basis for modern capital letters. Square capitals were used to write inscriptions, and less often to supplement everyday handwriting. When written in documents this style is known as Latin book hand. For everyday writing the Romans used a current cursive hand known as Latin cursive. Notable examples of square capitals used for inscriptions are found on the Roman Pantheon, Trajan's Column, and the Arch of Titus, all in Rome. Square capitals are characterized by\",\n \"title\": \"Roman square capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12372087\",\n \"text\": \"Walkerton Capitals The Walkerton Capitals were a senior hockey team based out of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada. The Capitals played in the Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League for four seasons. Walkerton began their inaugural season in the league on the road with a 6-3 loss to the Shelburne Muskies. The Capitals lost their next two games to fall to 0-3-0 before earning their first victory, a 4-2 win over the Nottawasaga River Rats. Walkerton would finish the season with a 4-14-2 record, earning 10 points, and ninth place in the WOAA North Division, failing to qualify for the \\\"AA\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Walkerton Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7343310\",\n \"text\": \"2002, Brampton won their third Buckland Trophy 4-games-to-2 against the Wellington Dukes. Brampton Capitals The Brampton Capitals were a Junior \\\"A\\\" ice hockey team from Brampton, Ontario, Canada. They were a part of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. The team was decommissioned by the league, in March 2012. The team was formed as Nobleton Capitals in 1984 and later as the Etobicoke Capitals. Since moving to Brampton in 1989, the Capitals have been one of the more dominant teams in the OPJHL. With three league titles, the Capitals have never moved on to the Dudley Hewitt Cup. In 2000, the\",\n \"title\": \"Brampton Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12372092\",\n \"text\": \"Goals for, GA = Goals against\\\" \\\"More information will be added as more becomes available\\\" Walkerton Capitals The Walkerton Capitals were a senior hockey team based out of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada. The Capitals played in the Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League for four seasons. Walkerton began their inaugural season in the league on the road with a 6-3 loss to the Shelburne Muskies. The Capitals lost their next two games to fall to 0-3-0 before earning their first victory, a 4-2 win over the Nottawasaga River Rats. Walkerton would finish the season with a 4-14-2 record, earning 10\",\n \"title\": \"Walkerton Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"814184\",\n \"text\": \"league during the WHA era—the Scouts (later the Colorado Rockies and now the New Jersey Devils), Atlanta Flames (now playing in Calgary), and New York Islanders—the Capitals did not factor the survival of the rival league into their plans. The Capitals' inaugural season was dreadful, even by expansion standards. They finished with far and away the worst record in the league at 8–67–5. Their 21 points were half that of their expansion brethren, the Scouts. The eight wins are the fewest for an NHL team playing at least 70 games, and the .131 winning percentage is still the worst in\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20209674\",\n \"text\": \"transactions during the 2017–18 season. Below are the Washington Capitals' selections at the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, which was held on June 23 and 24, 2017 at the United Center in Chicago. 2017–18 Washington Capitals season The 2017–18 Washington Capitals season was the 44th season for the National Hockey League franchise that was established on June 11, 1974. They played their home games at Capital One Arena in Washington D.C. They were led by head coach Barry Trotz in his fourth season as coach of the Capitals. The Capitals won their first Stanley Cup in organization history, defeating the inaugural-season\",\n \"title\": \"2017–18 Washington Capitals season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"814216\",\n \"text\": \"start, as they managed just two wins in their first ten games. The team rebounded to win the Southeast Division, thereby earning the third seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs. Unfortunately for Washington, the Capitals' playoff woes continued as they again fell to the Rangers in seven games. In the 2013–14 season, the Capitals started the season winning five of their first ten games. The Capitals struggled to stay in a playoff spot and ultimately missed the playoffs for the first time since 2006–07. On April 26, 2014, 15 days after the regular season ended, the Capitals announced they would\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18320757\",\n \"text\": \"for his pillars anyway: lions, elephants, camels, geese, and horses are known. Rampurva capitals The Rampurva capitals are the capitals of a pair of Ashoka Pillars discovered in by A.C.L. Carlleyle. The archaeological site is called Rampurva, and is located in the West Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar, situated very close to the border with Nepal. The two capitals are in the Indian Museum in Kolkota. Waddell in 1896 suggested that the death and parinirvana of Gautama Buddha was in the region of Rampurva: \\\"I believe that Kusīnagara, where the Buddha died may be ultimately found to\",\n \"title\": \"Rampurva capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2126072\",\n \"text\": \"or promoters of the \\\"Catalan Countries\\\" concept (such as Joan Fuster, Josep Guia or Vicent Partal) were Valencian. The subject became very controversial during the politically agitated Spanish Transition in what was to become the Valencian Community, especially in and around the city of Valencia. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the Spanish Autonomous Communities system was taking shape, the controversy reached its height. Various Valencian right-wing politicians (originally from Unión de Centro Democrático) fearing what was seen as an annexation attempt from Catalonia, fueled a violent Anti-Catalanist campaign against local supporters of the concept of the \\\"Països\",\n \"title\": \"Catalan Countries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17225300\",\n \"text\": \"other English-speaking countries, including Singapore, Kenya, Cyprus and Malta. English Speaking Board is a national awarding organisation offering qualifications focused on communication skills at school, in college and throughout life. Its qualifications are recognised and mapped to the relevant National Core Curriculum requirements and it works in close partnership with educational centres across the UK, Europe and the Far East. It runs a parallel scheme for non-native speakers. Its qualifications are recognised by Ofqual. and SQA. English Speaking Board English Speaking Board (International) Ltd. (ESB) is a UK-based organisation that delivers teaching and examinations in oral communication and the language\",\n \"title\": \"English Speaking Board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13481444\",\n \"text\": \"Speaking in Code Speaking in Code is a character-based documentary directed by Amy Grill about people who are lost in the electronic music lifestyle. Shot in 11 cities and 5 countries, \\\"Speaking In Code\\\" provides a glimpse into the techno world through the eyes of Modeselektor, the Wighnomy Brothers, Philip Sherburne, Monolake and David Day. The film documents these characters' successes and failures over a three-year period, including the director's struggle to complete the film. Each storyline illustrates how communities cope with different kinds of electronic music obsession. \\\"Speaking in Code\\\" is an account of people who are lost in\",\n \"title\": \"Speaking in Code\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9759331\",\n \"text\": \"important and continuous role in the local economy from the days of the fur trade, through the timbering era, and now contributes to the tourism industry. According to legend, the Spanish name was derived around the year 1750. Numerous persons have attempted to explain the rationale for the name \\\"Spanish\\\" in what was once historically part of New France. There are several different theories regarding the name of the community. According to local legends a French Jesuit Father was travelling in the area in the 1700s and encountered a Spanish speaking woman with children. The woman had been captured by\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6526029\",\n \"text\": \"dubbed into a Neutral Spanish that avoids idioms and words that may have a coarse meaning in any of the countries in which the programme will be shown. This American Neutral Spanish: American Neutral Spanish tends to be common in Colombia (because of the existence of a lot of regional dialects), Venezuela (because of its location as a crossroad for Spanish-speaking America and an important Spanish-language soap opera production industry) and Mexico, where most of the mass media is made. American Neutral or Mexican Spanish was also formerly distributed with programmes in Spain, particularly U.S. dubbed cartoons, until it was\",\n \"title\": \"Standard Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16936561\",\n \"text\": \"the Itza, an alliance cemented by intermarriage between the elites of both groups. In the late 17th century Spanish colonial records document hostilities between Maya groups in the lakes region, with the incursion of the Kowoj into former Yalain sites including Zacpeten on Lake Macanché and Ixlu on Lake Salpetén. The Kejache occupied a territory to the north of the Itza, between the lakes and what is now Campeche. To the west of them was Acalan, inhabited by a Chontal Maya-speaking group with their capital in the south of what is now Campeche state. The Ch'olan Maya-speaking Lakandon (not to\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish conquest of Petén\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7185668\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson in that role. Seven games into the season, the Capitals were struck another blow with defensive specialist Kellie Abrams announcing she was quitting the club in what appeared to be a personality clash with coach Maher. Replacing Abrams in the Capitals squad was New Zealand international forward Donna Loffhagen, signed by the club to bolster their rebounding presence in the absence of the injured Jackson. Loffhagen finished the season with the highest average rebounding record in the WNBL with 10.0 rpg, while Marino ended up as the 5th highest scorer with 17.5 ppg. Bevilaqua finished with the highest 3pt\",\n \"title\": \"University of Canberra Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18320754\",\n \"text\": \"Rampurva capitals The Rampurva capitals are the capitals of a pair of Ashoka Pillars discovered in by A.C.L. Carlleyle. The archaeological site is called Rampurva, and is located in the West Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar, situated very close to the border with Nepal. The two capitals are in the Indian Museum in Kolkota. Waddell in 1896 suggested that the death and parinirvana of Gautama Buddha was in the region of Rampurva: \\\"I believe that Kusīnagara, where the Buddha died may be ultimately found to the North of Bettiah, and in the line of the Açōka pillars\",\n \"title\": \"Rampurva capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5543155\",\n \"text\": \"Gibraltar and Northern Morocco, as Spanish and Portuguese communities traditionally recruited their ḥazzanim from these countries. There is a remoter affinity with the Babylonian and North African traditions: these are more conservative than the Syrian and Judaeo-Spanish (Balkan, Greek, Turkish) traditions, which have been more heavily influenced by popular Mediterranean, Turkish and Arabic music. In other parts of the service, and in particular on special occasions such as the festivals, Shabbat Bereshit and the anniversary of the founding of the synagogue, the traditional tunes are often replaced by metrical and harmonized compositions in the Western European style. This is not\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish and Portuguese Jews\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9314339\",\n \"text\": \"2018 when the Elite League Capitals did. Net Minders Defense Forwards Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) The Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) were an ice hockey team based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Formed in 1998, they were the 'B' team for the Elite League Capitals with whom they shared their name. The Edinburgh Capitals (SNL) played in the Scottish National League which is considered a third tier league in the United Kingdom equivalent to the equivalent to the NIHL. Certain players also ice for or have iced for their Elite League counterparts. The Captain for the 2017-18 season was Joel Gautschi. His assistants were the\",\n \"title\": \"Edinburgh Capitals (SNL)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20600275\",\n \"text\": \"Lombardic capitals Lombardic capitals is the name given to a type of decorative upper-case letters used in inscriptions and, typically, at the start of a section of text in medieval manuscripts. Paul Shaw describes it as a 'relative' of uncial writing. The term \\\"Lombardic\\\" comes from the study of incunabula. A characteristic form of text decoration in manuscripts and early printed books with hand colouring was to use alternating red and blue Lombardic capitals for the start of each successive paragraph. Unlike historiated or inhabited initials, Lombardic capitals are devoid of further decoration. In modern times, fonts of Lombardic capitals\",\n \"title\": \"Lombardic capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19388615\",\n \"text\": \"of these students. When teachers discover that their students are part of the group that is \\\"stuck\\\" as long-term English learners they become \\\"fired up\\\" and seek methods to help these students comprehend the English language. Bilingual teachers have spoken up about the outcome that proposition 227 brought upon Spanish-speaking students. Bilingual teachers have sought to creative methods that allow their English-learning students to be able to comprehend the material as their English-speaking colleagues. Spanish bilingual education in California Spanish Bilingual education in California is the incorporation of the Spanish and English language to teach various subjects in primary education.\",\n \"title\": \"Spanish bilingual education in California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6273179\",\n \"text\": \"and are generally covered with heavy lids to avoid ingress of water. The speaker has to place his mouth in the \\\"horn\\\" or bell-shaped end of the pipe and the receiver has to 'bend an ear' to hear what is being said. Voice pipes have generally been replaced by sound powered telephones. The speaking tubes on naval ships are used when they are in \\\"clam\\\" mode instead of telephones for electronic stealth. In domestic applications, voicepipes were smaller and referred to as \\\"speaking tubes\\\". The ends of the tube were often flexible for convenience of use. The speaking tube supplemented\",\n \"title\": \"Speaking tube\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10440911\",\n \"text\": \"overhear. For example, at the family reunion, an aunt might tell a story to the young female relatives, but males, although not addressed, might also hear the narrative. When considering the participants in a speech event, one should consider implicit and explicit rules about who is, can, and should be involved; what expectations are established for the participants; who is speaking and who is being addressed. Certain ideologies are at play regarding participants in speech events. For instance, cultural norms about how child should speak to adults, how ladies should speak around men, how employees should speak to their boss.\",\n \"title\": \"SPEAKING\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18319799\",\n \"text\": \"short-lived group known as the Mexican American Political Association, which only a few weeks later joined forces with LULAC and Congressman Ed Roybal's Community Service Organization to form the Political Association of Spanish Speaking Organizations. The newly formed group espoused the policies of onetime LULAC President George I. Sanchez, which included more federal funding for education in Hispanic communities, a living wage for migrant workers, stricter control along the Texas-Mexican border and increased welfare for Mexican Americans. In 1962, PASSO collaborated with the Teamsters Union to unionize the employees of Del Monte Foods in Crystal City, Texas. The following year,\",\n \"title\": \"Political Association of Spanish-Speaking Organizations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"814242\",\n \"text\": \"awarded the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award from the Hall of Fame for his contributions to hockey broadcasting. These are the top-ten regular season point-scorers in franchise history. Figures are updated after each completed NHL regular season. \\\"Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; P/G = Points per game\\\" Footnotes Citations Washington Capitals The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports &\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13260136\",\n \"text\": \"significant Swedish minority in Finland. Germanic-speaking Europe Germanic-speaking Europe refers to the area of Europe that today uses a Germanic language. Over 200 million Europeans (some 30%) speak a Germanic language natively. At the same time 515 million speak a Germanic language natively in the whole world (6.87%). Independent European countries whose population are predominantly native speakers of a Germanic language: German is the sole official language in Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein, and is a co-official language in Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the European Union. Several other countries, including Denmark, Hungary, Italy, and Poland, have German as a national minority\",\n \"title\": \"Germanic-speaking Europe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13260132\",\n \"text\": \"Germanic-speaking Europe Germanic-speaking Europe refers to the area of Europe that today uses a Germanic language. Over 200 million Europeans (some 30%) speak a Germanic language natively. At the same time 515 million speak a Germanic language natively in the whole world (6.87%). Independent European countries whose population are predominantly native speakers of a Germanic language: German is the sole official language in Germany, Austria, and Liechtenstein, and is a co-official language in Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the European Union. Several other countries, including Denmark, Hungary, Italy, and Poland, have German as a national minority language. English is a West\",\n \"title\": \"Germanic-speaking Europe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"814214\",\n \"text\": \"hiring Capitals legend Dale Hunter as his replacement. By the end of the 2011–12 season, the team's top two goaltenders, Michal Neuvirth and Tomas Vokoun, were injured and the Capitals were required to lean on their goaltending prospect Braden Holtby to help the team into the 2012 playoffs. The Capitals made a strong push and finished with the seventh overall seed in East, draining the defending champion Boston Bruins in the first round. The Capitals shocked the NHL by defeating the heavily favored Bruins in seven games on an overtime goal by Joel Ward. Every game in the series was\",\n \"title\": \"Washington Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6526015\",\n \"text\": \"and quality, along with the phrases and forms of speech, and the proverbs, sayings, and other matters pertinent to the use of the language\\\". In 1741 the Academy published an \\\"Orthography of the Spanish Language\\\", and in 1771 a \\\"Grammar of the Spanish Language\\\". The Spanish language words used in the Latin American countries began to be recorded in dictionaries as \\\"Americanisms\\\", beginning in the 19th century. During the 1880s, a new political situation and the intellectual independence of the former colonies drove the Real Academia Española to propose the formation of branch academies in the Spanish-speaking republics. The project\",\n \"title\": \"Standard Spanish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8377390\",\n \"text\": \"Sacramento, announced their move to Las Vegas. The team was renamed the Las Vegas Neon. The new Las Vegas team was shut down a few weeks later, before it even started after owner Deepal Wannakuwatte was arrested for running a Ponzi scheme. Sacramento Capitals The Sacramento Capitals were a team in World Team Tennis wo competed from 1988 through 2013. The Capitals have won six championships, including four straight from 1997 to 2000. The other titles came in 2002 and 2007. For the 2012 World Team Tennis season, the team returned to play its home matches at Capitals Stadium at\",\n \"title\": \"Sacramento Capitals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3046382\",\n \"text\": \"English-speaking world Approximately 330 to 360 million people speak English as their first language. With 258 million native speakers, the United States comprises the majority of the global total. As pictured in the pie graph below, most native speakers of English are Americans. Additionally, there are 60 million native English speakers in the United Kingdom, 19 million in Canada, 25.1 million in Australia, 4.8 million in Ireland, and 4.8 million in New Zealand. Other countries also use English as their primary and official languages. In the European Union, English is one of 24 official languages and is widely used by\",\n \"title\": \"English-speaking world\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3685461\",\n \"text\": \"greater than \\\"million\\\" is one thousand times as large as the previous term. Thus, \\\"billion\\\" means \\\"a thousand millions\\\" (10), \\\"trillion\\\" means \\\"a thousand billions\\\" (10), and so on. Thus, an \\\"n\\\"-illion equals 10. Every new term greater than \\\"million\\\" is one million times as large as the previous term. Thus, \\\"billion\\\" means \\\"a million millions\\\" (10), \\\"trillion\\\" means \\\"a million billions\\\" (10), and so on. Thus, an \\\"n\\\"-illion equals 10. Countries where the long scale is currently used include most countries in continental Europe and most that are French-speaking, Spanish-speaking (except Spanish-speakers born into an English-speaking culture, e.g. Puerto\",\n \"title\": \"Long and short scales\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4889306\",\n \"text\": \"also switch teams, moving to Yorkshire based Hull Stingrays. The Capitals would finish this season in last place, recording only six wins, making it the club’s worst season in the league. Following the 2004–05 British National League season, the Capitals and Newcastle Vipers applied to join the Elite Ice Hockey League, however both clubs withdrew their offers to make a joint application with the other remaining BNL clubs. Terms could not be reached between the Elite League and the BNL teams, so the Capitals and Vipers returned to their initial offers. Both clubs were accepted into the Elite League for\",\n \"title\": \"Edinburgh Capitals\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["honduras","uruguay","el salvador","panama","equatorial guinea","andorra","guatemala","puerto rico","paraguay","belize"],"string":"[\n \"honduras\",\n \"uruguay\",\n \"el salvador\",\n \"panama\",\n \"equatorial guinea\",\n \"andorra\",\n \"guatemala\",\n \"puerto rico\",\n \"paraguay\",\n \"belize\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2190,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what language does people from denmark speak?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9250865","text":"of Danes report being able to speak conversational German). The third most widely understood foreign language is Swedish, with 13% of Danes reporting to be able to speak it. Faroese, a North Germanic language like Danish, is the primary language of the Faroe Islands, a self-governing territory of the Kingdom. It is also spoken by some Faroese immigrants to mainland Denmark. Faroese is similar to Icelandic, and also the Old Norse language spoken. German is an officially recognized minority language in the former South Jutland County (part of what is now the Region of Southern Denmark), which was part of","title":"Languages of Denmark"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9250865\",\n \"text\": \"of Danes report being able to speak conversational German). The third most widely understood foreign language is Swedish, with 13% of Danes reporting to be able to speak it. Faroese, a North Germanic language like Danish, is the primary language of the Faroe Islands, a self-governing territory of the Kingdom. It is also spoken by some Faroese immigrants to mainland Denmark. Faroese is similar to Icelandic, and also the Old Norse language spoken. German is an officially recognized minority language in the former South Jutland County (part of what is now the Region of Southern Denmark), which was part of\",\n \"title\": \"Languages of Denmark\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9250867","text":"as a system of libraries throughout South Jutland. It also operates a German high school located in Aabenraa (German: Apenrade). Beside this there are also 28,584 immigrants from Germany in Denmark in 2012. Greenlandic is the main language of the 54,000 Greenlanders living in Greenland, which is, like the Faroe Islands, a self-governing territory of the Kingdom. Roughly 7,000 people speak Greenlandic in mainland Denmark. Greenlandic is similar to Inuktitut, and also the Eskimo–Aleut languages spoken in the Arctic North America, and Eastern Siberian area. Languages of Denmark The Kingdom of Denmark has only one official language, Danish, the national","title":"Languages of Denmark"},{"psg_id":"20760416","text":"is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought.\" Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted \"A concrete lesson seems to emanate from \"In What Language?\" and it is this: that no matter what language distinguishes the nature of the present global geo-political culture, the language spoken has a clear and consistent meaning borne in its content. The language transcends any dialect. And if we are determined enough, within our commonly shared humanity, we can speak the same language. In our","title":"In What Language?"},{"psg_id":"5727275","text":"How to Speak Hip How to Speak Hip is a comedy album by Del Close and John Brent, released by Mercury Records in 1959. The album is designed as a satire of language-learning records, where the secret language of the 'hipster' is treated as a foreign language. Part of the joke, however, is that it actually does a good job of describing the Beat Generation/Beatnik sub-culture: Basic concepts such as \"cool\" and \"uncool\" are taught, as well as vocabulary building (\"dig\", \"dig it\", \"dig yourself, baby\", \"dig the chick\", \"dig the cat\", \"What a drag!\"). Many of the phrases and","title":"How to Speak Hip"},{"psg_id":"15259671","text":"The People Speak The People Speak is an online community of young people who want to get involved in global issues. The community engages people of all ages and backgrounds in thoughtful discussions about the value of international cooperation for the United States and the world. From September 1 to November 30 each year, The People Speak (TPS) partners organize thousands of events around the U.S. and the world to explore emerging global challenges and opportunities. TPS started in 2003 as an initiative of the United Nations Foundation, the Open Society Institute and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. During the first","title":"The People Speak"},{"psg_id":"12266703","text":"In Rwanda We Say…The Family That Does Not Speak Dies In Rwanda We Say…The Family That Does Not Speak Dies is a documentary film examining the Gacaca justice process in the aftermath of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Directed by Anne Aghion and produced by Gacaca Productions, this 2004 film won an Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Informational Programming.\" Filmed in Rwanda, the language of \"In Rwanda\" is Kinyarwanda with English subtitles. Set in Rwanda, Anne Aghion, the director, interviews a genocide offender who has been released back into his community, and the victims of the genocide. The film follows how at","title":"In Rwanda We Say…The Family That Does Not Speak Dies"},{"psg_id":"11877798","text":"Speak Your Language Speak Your Language is the second album by Five O'Clock Heroes, released on July 7, 2008 via Glaze Records. The album was leaked on the Internet in the first week of June 2008. The song \"Who\" was the first single taken from the album, and is a duet recorded with Agyness Deyn. The video of this single was ready in the beginning of May 2008 and posted on Five O'Clock Heroes' website on May 5, 2008. The single itself was released on June 23, 2008. The single was poorly received by \"NME\", giving it a 2/10 rating.","title":"Speak Your Language"},{"psg_id":"11877797","text":"Speak Your Language Speak Your Language is the second album by Five O'Clock Heroes, released on July 7, 2008 via Glaze Records. The album was leaked on the Internet in the first week of June 2008. The song \"Who\" was the first single taken from the album, and is a duet recorded with Agyness Deyn. The video of this single was ready in the beginning of May 2008 and posted on Five O'Clock Heroes' website on May 5, 2008. The single itself was released on June 23, 2008. The single was poorly received by \"NME\", giving it a 2/10 rating.","title":"Speak Your Language"},{"psg_id":"13810760","text":"What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \"Sawyer\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"10945153","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"13810767","text":"reviews\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\". \"What Kate Does\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" described the episode as \"contemplative\", \"anticlimactic\" and \"subdued\" and the flash sideways as \"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \" 'What Kate","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"15259672","text":"year, over 3,500 events were organized in all 50 states. Since that time, there have been over 20,000 events in the U.S. and over 50 countries. The theme for the 2006 TPS season is \"Working Together with the World: What's in it for the U.S.?\" Participants explore this theme related to three topics: The People Speak The People Speak is an online community of young people who want to get involved in global issues. The community engages people of all ages and backgrounds in thoughtful discussions about the value of international cooperation for the United States and the world. From","title":"The People Speak"},{"psg_id":"19980608","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"17544190","text":"to experience out of control situations. The use of English is frequent among young people under 25. English is the predominant second language and is in the school curriculum from the first grade. Roughly 90% of 15- to 21-year-olds speak English with other Danes at least once per week. Youth code switch from Danish to English with friends and classmates. English phrases or words are spoken in between Danish words. Codeswitching is a marker of youth identity and sign of opposition to adult culture. Youth use their language style to differ from adults. Popular sports in Denmark include cycling, swimming,","title":"Youth in Denmark"},{"psg_id":"825719","text":"or \"Kalaallisut\" belongs to the Eskimo–Aleut languages; it is closely related to the Inuit languages in Canada, such as Inuktitut, and entirely unrelated to Danish. A large majority (86%) of Danes speak English as a second language, generally with a high level of proficiency. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency. Denmark had 25,900 native speakers of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area). Christianity is the dominant religion in Denmark. In January 2018, 75.3% of the population of Denmark were members of the Church of Denmark (), the officially","title":"Denmark"},{"psg_id":"13810778","text":"week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010,","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"133477","text":"second language in the German \"land\" of Saarland, with French being taught from pre-school and over 43% of citizens being able to speak French. The majority of the world's French-speaking population lives in Africa. According to the 2007 report by the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, an estimated 115 million African people spread across 31 Francophone countries can speak French as either a first or a second language. This number does not include the people living in non-Francophone African countries who have learned French as a foreign language. Due to the rise of French in Africa, the total French-speaking population","title":"French language"},{"psg_id":"19760001","text":"Lebanese people in Denmark Lebanese people of Denmark are people from Lebanon or those of Lebanese descent who live in the country of Denmark. The majority of Lebanese people came to Denmark in the 1970s and 1980s, either escaping the Lebanese Civil War or for economic reasons. Per 1 October 2016, 26,404 persons in Denmark were of Lebanese origin. Most Lebanese in Denmark belong to various Christian denominations (Maronite, Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Protestant), but there is also a sizable number of Muslims (Sunni and Shi'a) and also some Druze. According to Statistics Denmark, as of 2017, there are a","title":"Lebanese people in Denmark"},{"psg_id":"13298966","text":"peoples may also be known as Mountain Ok peoples, from the word \"ok\" meaning 'river' or 'water'. The latter name contrasts them with the Lowland Ok people to the south who speak related languages but differ greatly culturally and in the environment that they live in. The Urapmin speak a Mountain Ok language. Although this language family is tied to the Min ethnic grouping, it does not absolutely define the group, since the Oksapmin to the east and the Om river groups speak non-Mountain Ok languages. The Urapmin kinship system is cognatic; in general the western Min groups have bilateral","title":"Urapmin people"},{"psg_id":"2769777","text":"relatively high altitude, and that the prize money from races is large compared to typical yearly earnings. One theory is that the Kalenjin has relatively thin legs and therefore does not have to lift so much leg weight when running long distances. Kalenjin people The Kalenjin are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to Kenya, mainly in what was formerly the Rift Valley Province. They are estimated to number a little over 4.9 million individuals as per the Kenyan 2009 census and are divided into the Kipsigis, Nandi, Keiyo, Marakwet, Sabaot, Pokots, Tugen, Terik and Ogiek. They speak the Kalenjin language, which","title":"Kalenjin people"},{"psg_id":"12464644","text":"being developed. These will be based on the same format, exploring people's histories in other countries. An educational version of \"The People Speak\" is in production, in association with Voices of a People's History of the United States. The People Speak (film) The People Speak is a 2009 American documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans. The film gives voice to those who, by insisting on equality and justice, spoke up for social change throughout U.S. history and also illustrates the relevance of this to today's society. The film","title":"The People Speak (film)"},{"psg_id":"12464635","text":"The People Speak (film) The People Speak is a 2009 American documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans. The film gives voice to those who, by insisting on equality and justice, spoke up for social change throughout U.S. history and also illustrates the relevance of this to today's society. The film is narrated by historian Howard Zinn and is based on his books \"A People's History of the United States\" (1980) and, with Anthony Arnove, \"Voices of a People's History of the United States\" (2004). \"The People Speak\" is","title":"The People Speak (film)"},{"psg_id":"375719","text":"not used outside an educational context. It has become popular for hearing parents to teach signs (from ASL or some other sign language) to young hearing children. Since the muscles in babies' hands grow and develop quicker than their mouths, signs can be a beneficial option for better communication. Babies can usually produce signs before they can speak. This reduces the confusion between parents when trying to figure out what their child wants. When the child begins to speak, signing is usually abandoned, so the child does not progress to acquiring the grammar of the sign language. This is in","title":"Sign language"},{"psg_id":"12413103","text":"or those with Ika as mother tongue is not known since this information was not included in the 1991 census result (1991 census). Ika people do not have any shared physical characteristics distinguishing it from other ethnic or language groups in Delta State. Language Ika people speak the Ika language which has both elements of Benin and Igbo, this is what makes the language unique. To keep the language alive, there is now news in Ika language as a different language on Delta radio. Ikas have commenced writing the bible in Ika language and right now the gospel of Mathew,","title":"Ika people"},{"psg_id":"10945154","text":"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"9926463","text":"was first used on the song \"Rock 'N' Roll\" which later became \"You'll Be Under My Wheels\". The second time they used it is from a song called \"Lyrical Terrorist\" which later became \"Serial Thrilla\", but it was soon used on the album \"The Day Is My Enemy\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"8050855","text":"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8050853","text":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"3787245","text":"When asked what their skin name is, they often reply with the former, but may also additionally use the latter. (Observation made from a discussion with a young 'Japananga-Jupurulla'.) Warlpiri people The Warlpiri are a group of Indigenous Australians, many of whom speak the Warlpiri language. There are 5,000–6,000 Warlpiri, living mostly in a few towns and settlements scattered through their traditional land in Australia's Northern Territory, north and west of Alice Springs. About 3,000 still speak the Warlpiri language. The word \"Warlpiri\" has also been romanised as Walpiri, Walbiri, Elpira, Ilpara and Wailbri. The Warlpiri language is a member","title":"Warlpiri people"},{"psg_id":"14659509","text":"Chrau language Chrau(also known as Jro, Ro, Tamun, Charuo, Choro, Chíoro) is a Bahnaric language spoken by some of the 22,000 ethnic Cho Ro people in southern Vietnam. Unlike most languages of Southeast Asia, Chrau has no lexical tone, though it does have significant sentence intonation. There are approximately fewer than 20,000 people that are native speakers of Chrau. Most people who speak Chrau are from the Southern parts of Vietnam such as Bien Hoa and Binh Tuy. Most of the this research has been conducted by David Thomas. The language of Chrau has a lot of Chinese influence which","title":"Chrau language"},{"psg_id":"13344749","text":"there. This contradicts claims that Chinese migrants are attracted by Denmark's generous social welfare benefits. Statistics Denmark showed 9,799 people born in mainland China and 448 born in Taiwan living in Denmark . Statistics Denmark showed in the first quarter of 2018 that 11,710 people with origins in mainland China are living in Denmark legally. Though early Chinese migrants consisted largely of travelling artists and merchants, after World War II, migrants concentrated increasingly in the Chinese restaurant business. Copenhagen's first Chinese restaurant, the China House, was opened by a Chinese migrant from the Netherlands who had remigrated to Denmark; four","title":"Chinese people in Denmark"},{"psg_id":"12740330","text":"may not altogether be historically and linguistically correct as the Ogbogolo people speak what is purely regarded as \"Ogbia\". Ogbogolo is a distinct language in the Niger-Congo family as a Central Delta language of Nigeria. According to PeopleGroups.org, 2000-2014, the Ogbogolo - (ogg) are a sub-Saharan African People of the Benue cluster only found in Nigeria and speaking the primary language known as \"Ogbogolo\". Oral tradition has it that the Ogbogolo people migrated from Kaskrama (present day Otuegwe) in Ogbia Local Government Area of Bayelsa State under their leader Egbo after whom their chief town Egboama is named. Engenni people","title":"Engenni people"},{"psg_id":"15607075","text":"built their own. Because the family spoke both Aweti and Kamaiura it lessened the amount of Aweti speakers in the main village and it continued to decrease the amount of Aweti speakers in the new village as they began to communicate in Kamaiura only. Because of this many Aweti people only speak Kamaiura today. Most Aweti people are multilingual. Portuguese is the main language of Brazil so a lot of Aweti people also speak Portuguese especially the younger generation since that is what is spoken at school. The language can also be found under the forms Awety, Awetö, Aueto, Aueti,","title":"Awetï language"},{"psg_id":"13344753","text":"married Prince Joachim of Denmark. They had two children, Prince Nikolai (born 1999) and Prince Felix (born 2002), they are the first members of the Danish Royal Family who have Chinese blood. Chinese people in Denmark Chinese people in Denmark form one of the smaller and less-studied Chinese diaspora communities of Europe. The earliest Chinese migrants in Denmark are believed to have been 34 men from Guangdong who came to the famous Tivoli Gardens amusement park in 1902 as travelling performers on contracts for the summer. Though the initial understanding was that they would return to China after their work","title":"Chinese people in Denmark"},{"psg_id":"13344745","text":"Chinese people in Denmark Chinese people in Denmark form one of the smaller and less-studied Chinese diaspora communities of Europe. The earliest Chinese migrants in Denmark are believed to have been 34 men from Guangdong who came to the famous Tivoli Gardens amusement park in 1902 as travelling performers on contracts for the summer. Though the initial understanding was that they would return to China after their work had ended, half found other employment at the end of their contracts, or had entered into relationships with Danish women, and thus chose to settle down in Denmark. Similar forms of \"coincidental","title":"Chinese people in Denmark"},{"psg_id":"14659522","text":"its own unique numbering system, that is only for it. Chrau language Chrau(also known as Jro, Ro, Tamun, Charuo, Choro, Chíoro) is a Bahnaric language spoken by some of the 22,000 ethnic Cho Ro people in southern Vietnam. Unlike most languages of Southeast Asia, Chrau has no lexical tone, though it does have significant sentence intonation. There are approximately fewer than 20,000 people that are native speakers of Chrau. Most people who speak Chrau are from the Southern parts of Vietnam such as Bien Hoa and Binh Tuy. Most of the this research has been conducted by David Thomas. The","title":"Chrau language"},{"psg_id":"5727280","text":"albums were released on the Ninja Tune label. How to Speak Hip How to Speak Hip is a comedy album by Del Close and John Brent, released by Mercury Records in 1959. The album is designed as a satire of language-learning records, where the secret language of the 'hipster' is treated as a foreign language. Part of the joke, however, is that it actually does a good job of describing the Beat Generation/Beatnik sub-culture: Basic concepts such as \"cool\" and \"uncool\" are taught, as well as vocabulary building (\"dig\", \"dig it\", \"dig yourself, baby\", \"dig the chick\", \"dig the cat\",","title":"How to Speak Hip"},{"psg_id":"19980606","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"15237575","text":"the stage for nationalism. Renan also asserts that neither language nor religion are basis for solidarity because language “invites people to unite, but does not force them to do so” and \"religion has become an individual matter\" For example, the United States and England both speak English but do not constitute a single, united nation and countries no longer operate on the notion of religions operating against each other, forcing people to choose between one or the other. Renan noted that a unique element of the European nation-forming experience was the mixture of races, origins and religions, where conquering people","title":"What Is a Nation?"},{"psg_id":"17851572","text":"Big Diomede Island and Cape Dezhnev in the Bering Strait. The Soviet Union relocated Naukan people from their traditional coastal village of Naukan in 1958. They now reside in the indigenous village of Lorino. Naukan people The Naukan, also known as the Naukanski, are a Siberian Yupik people and an indigenous people of Siberia. They live in the Chukotka Autonomous Region of eastern Russia. The Naukan Yupik language is a Yupik language, belonging to the Eskimo-Aleut languages. Some people speak the language. Many Naukan people now speak the Chukchi language. Traditionally Naukan people hunted sea mammals. Guests from remote settlements","title":"Naukan people"},{"psg_id":"9926460","text":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \"nigga\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \"Scoopy Rap\" and \"Family Rap\" in 1979, and \"New York","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"8014933","text":"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \"What Difference Does It Make?\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \"The Tube\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \"die very quickly\", and that he wanted to \"herald the death\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"8014931","text":"What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \"The Smiths\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \"Hatful of Hollow\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is among his least favourite songs","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"17851571","text":"Naukan people The Naukan, also known as the Naukanski, are a Siberian Yupik people and an indigenous people of Siberia. They live in the Chukotka Autonomous Region of eastern Russia. The Naukan Yupik language is a Yupik language, belonging to the Eskimo-Aleut languages. Some people speak the language. Many Naukan people now speak the Chukchi language. Traditionally Naukan people hunted sea mammals. Guests from remote settlements traveled from remote settlements to participate in \"pol'a\"', the month-long Naukan whale festival. Archaeological evidence places the Naukan on the Chukotka Peninsula off the Bering Sea back 2,000 years. They used to live on","title":"Naukan people"},{"psg_id":"9590949","text":"syllable, with some exceptions. Only fluent speakers of Araki distinguish between the flap and the trill ; and only they can distinguish and pronounce the linguolabial consonants. 'Passive' users of the language replace these consonants either with bilabial consonants or alveolar consonants. Although many younger people claim to be able to speak Araki, they are usually passive speakers, and therefore do not use linguolabial consonants. The vowel phonemes are: Araki does not possess phonemic long vowels. Also, the language does not have phonemic diphthongs. However, strings of consecutive vowels are possible - indeed prevalent - in the language. In these","title":"Araki language"},{"psg_id":"5665719","text":"Do You Speak American? Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way of speaking from the English language to various ways of speaking in regions throughout the country. Divisions of ethnicity, geography and social status and how they affect how Americans communicate are addressed. As part of the project, MacNeil traveled across the country conducting interviews with ordinary people as well as experts such as William Labov. In the United","title":"Do You Speak American?"},{"psg_id":"16663178","text":"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \"What Does The Bee Do?\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \"IGN\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\" \"The A.V. Club\" rated the episode an \"A-\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"16663175","text":"What Does the Bee Do? \"What Does the Bee Do?\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \"Boardwalk Empire\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"3043554","text":"emotion. Humans can communicate simply to communicate—without emotions. So, anatomically, this scenario does not work. Therefore, we resort to the idea that language was derived from gesture (we communicated by gesture first and sound was attached later). The important question for gestural theories is why there was a shift to vocalization. Various explanations have been proposed: A comparable hypothesis states that in 'articulate' language, gesture and vocalisation are intrinsically linked, as language evolved from equally intrinsically linked dance and song. Humans still use manual and facial gestures when they speak, especially when people meet who have no language in common.","title":"Origin of language"},{"psg_id":"9474188","text":"\"In preparation for the January 2014 education season, the national curriculum and textbook board has already started printing books in six languages ... Chakma, Kokborok (Tripura community), Marma, Santal, Sadri (Orao community) and Achik.\" \"Mor Thengari\" (My Bicycle) was Bangladesh's first Chakma-language movie. However, it was banned in Bangladesh. Chakma has eight distinct vowels. The Chakma and Daingnet people now speak what may be considered divergent dialects of Magadhi Prakrit. However, this is due to language shift from an Oxomiya language; that medieval language may have been related to Sak or Chairel. Chakma language Chakma language (; autonym: , )","title":"Chakma language"},{"psg_id":"13810761","text":"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \"What Kate Did\". \"What Kate Does\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"14941561","text":"Senga people The Senga are an ethnic tribe of Zambia, distinct from the Nsenga. The Senga are a tribe who migrated from the southern part of present-day Congo DRC. They re-settled in the Luangwa valley amongst the Tumbuka speaking people. The language they speak though similar to Tumbuka is distinct and also shares a common strain with Bisa/Bemba. What the Senga can tell of their past begins with migration to their present home perhaps three centuries ago. There is unanimous agreement that their former home was a place called Uluwa which all evidence suggests was in what now is known","title":"Senga people"},{"psg_id":"9382704","text":"Sentinelese language Sentinelese is a name provisionally given to the linguistically undescribed language of the Sentinelese of North Sentinel Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Due to the lack of contact between the Sentinelese people and the rest of the world, little is known of their language, its vitality, etc. The Sentinelese people do not allow outsiders onto the island and are generally hostile towards visitors. Friendly interactions have been rare. It is presumed that the islanders speak a single language and that it is a member of one of the Andamanese language families. Based on what little","title":"Sentinelese language"},{"psg_id":"13006716","text":"Putian people The Putian people, (Chinese: 莆田人, pinyin: \"Pútiánrén\"; Puxian Min: 莆仙儂, Hinghwa Romanized: ) also known as Henghua or Hinghwa are Han Chinese people from Putian, part of Fujian Province, China. They speak Puxian Min, a Min language. Min is one of the Sinitic languages. They may also be referred to as \"Xinghua\". Hing Hua district was carved out from Quanzhou district during the Song dynasty and was given the name HingHua. Putianese people originated from Xinyang in what is now Henan province and migrated to the present day area of Putian many centuries ago. Putianese people were said","title":"Putian people"},{"psg_id":"16427150","text":"Emae have and still are learning the language, keeping Emae alive. Emae language Emae is a Polynesian outlier language of Vanuatu. The language of Emae is a language spoken in the villages of Makatea and Tongamea on Emae in the country of Vanuatu. Most of the Emae people speak Emae, North Efate (Nguna), English, French and Bislama. Less than 1% of the people who speak Emae as their native language are literate in the language, while 50% to 70% are literate in their second language, whether it be Nguna, English, French or Bislama. Today, only around 400 people speak Emae,","title":"Emae language"},{"psg_id":"354016","text":"but also to society, gender and class. Most Romani speak one of several dialects of the Romani language, an Indo-Aryan language, with roots in Sanskrit. They also often speak the languages of the countries they live in. Typically, they also incorporate loanwords and calques into Romani from the languages of those countries and especially words for terms that the Romani language does not have. Most of the \"Ciganos\" of Portugal, the Gitanos of Spain, the Romanichal of the UK, and Scandinavian Travellers have lost their knowledge of pure Romani, and respectively speak the mixed languages Caló, Angloromany, and Scandoromani. Most","title":"Romani people"},{"psg_id":"16427141","text":"Emae language Emae is a Polynesian outlier language of Vanuatu. The language of Emae is a language spoken in the villages of Makatea and Tongamea on Emae in the country of Vanuatu. Most of the Emae people speak Emae, North Efate (Nguna), English, French and Bislama. Less than 1% of the people who speak Emae as their native language are literate in the language, while 50% to 70% are literate in their second language, whether it be Nguna, English, French or Bislama. Today, only around 400 people speak Emae, mainly in Makatea and Tongamea, 250 more than in the 1960s","title":"Emae language"},{"psg_id":"5731632","text":"Carrier language The Carrier language is a Northern Athabaskan language. It is named after the Dakelh people, a First Nations people of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, for whom Carrier is the usual English name. People who are referred to as Carrier speak two related languages. One, Babine-Witsuwit'en is sometimes referred to as \"Northern Carrier\". The other, Carrier proper, includes what are sometimes referred to as \"Central Carrier\" and \"Southern Carrier\". All dialects of Carrier have essentially the same consonant system, which is shown in this chart. There are three series of stops and affricates: aspirated, unaspirated (written","title":"Carrier language"},{"psg_id":"16465643","text":"different language, it is proper etiquette to speak in the host’s language. Not only is it polite, but more importantly to the Aboriginal people, it appeases the ancient ancestors of the host clan (Harvey 2011). Likewise, children usually have a father from one clan and a mother from another clan. While the father’s language would be the child’s primary language, the child would learn the mother’s language and would speak to her in her own language (Harvey 2011). The Djinang, and indeed all Aboriginal people, even though they are multilingual, but keep their primary language in a place of great","title":"Djinang language"},{"psg_id":"5544338","text":"Yenish language Yenish (French: \"Yeniche\", German: \"Jenisch\"), is a variety of German spoken by the Yenish people, former nomads living mostly in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Alsace and other parts of France. Yenish has been documented since the 18th century. It is a jargon rather than an actual language; it consists of a significant number of unique specialized words, but does not have its own grammar or its own basic vocabulary. Yenish speakers generally speak their local German dialect, enriched by the Yeniche vocabulary, which is derived in part from Rotwelsch, with influences from Yiddish, Romani, and other minority languages of","title":"Yenish language"},{"psg_id":"9713087","text":"two of these villages when the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand built dams over the Kwae Yai and Khwae Noi River (Bradley 1989). Because of the displacement of the people of an already declining language, the language is considered especially vulnerable to extinction. The last children speakers were in the 1970s, and the children now speak Thai as their first language. The classification of Gong within Tibeto-Burman is uncertain, although Bradley (1989) suggests that it is a divergent Lolo-Burmese language that does not fit into either the Burmish or Loloish branches. The Gong language consists of two dialects (\"Ethnologue\"). Gong","title":"Gong language"},{"psg_id":"193076","text":"official language of administration and education during the colonial period but fell out of use after government, educational and economic infrastructure were destroyed in the Somali Civil War. Although over 17 million Americans are of Italian descent, only a little over one million people in the United States speak Italian at home. Nevertheless, an Italian language media market does exist in the country. Italian immigrants to South America have also brought a presence of the language to that continent. Italian is the second most spoken language in Argentina after the official language of Spanish, with over 1 million (mainly of","title":"Italian language"},{"psg_id":"4757856","text":"the (already small) Thao ethnic population. The language has been sinicized. Most people who speak Thao are bilingual or trilingual and can speak Mandarin Chinese and/or Taiwanese as well. The Thao/Ngan language is classified as a Paiwan language, and a Formosan language which is a geographical subgroup of the much larger Austronesian language family. The Thao language has loanwords from the Bunun language, spoken by the Bunun ethnic group of which the Thao/Ngan cooperated with as well as intermarried. Here is the legend of why the Thao people live in the side of Sun Moon Lake. The ancestors originally lived","title":"Thao people"},{"psg_id":"4635655","text":"than the other aboriginal peoples of the Malay Peninsula, the Semang and Sakai tribes. Jakun people typically have olive-brown to dark copper skin color. Some have intermarried with ethnic Malays or Chinese. Those who marry or assimilated with Malays usually adhere or largely convert to Islam; families with Chinese ancestors may practise Chinese folk religion in addition to Jakun customs. Jakuns speak Jakun language, a Malayic language of the Malayo-Polynesian languages group, closely related to Malay. Perhaps it should be considered as one of the archaic dialects of the Malay language. It does not have its own written language, is","title":"Jakun people"},{"psg_id":"14612419","text":"towards the language. It does not necessarily imply that any of the staff in a particular establishment can speak Irish. Thanks in large part to Gael-Taca and Gaillimh le Gaeilge a significant number of new residential areas are named in Irish today in a lot of counties in the Republic of Ireland. What may be surprising to many people is that these initiatives only really kicked off in a big way since the early 1990s when Galway City councillors passed a policy that all new residential areas in the Galway City Council area would be named solely in Irish. The","title":"Status of the Irish language"},{"psg_id":"16305564","text":"Euro TV Place listed \"Speak Out Now\" at number three on their list of the \"10 Best Euro TV Theme Songs\". Commercially, it peaked at number four in Denmark and was later certified Gold by IFPI Denmark for digital sales exceeding 10,000 units. A music video was also created and features Oh Land performing outside in a forest. \"Speak Out Now\" was first released in the United States for digital consumption on 1 January 2011. However, it was not distributed as a commercial single, nor in Oh Land's native Denmark, until 28 November 2011 as a digital download. Both releases","title":"Speak Out Now"},{"psg_id":"20392901","text":"Metacritic gives the film a weighted average rating of 69 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". What Will People Say What Will People Say () is a 2017 internationally co-produced drama film directed and written by Iram Haq. The film's scenes set in Pakistan were all shot in India, mostly in Rajasthan. The film had its world premiere at the 42nd Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2017. It was selected as the Norwegian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. On review aggregator","title":"What Will People Say"},{"psg_id":"20392900","text":"What Will People Say What Will People Say () is a 2017 internationally co-produced drama film directed and written by Iram Haq. The film's scenes set in Pakistan were all shot in India, mostly in Rajasthan. The film had its world premiere at the 42nd Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2017. It was selected as the Norwegian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 81%, based on 21 reviews, and an average rating of 7/10.","title":"What Will People Say"},{"psg_id":"1835161","text":"who were loyal to the Portuguese left after its return to China. Of those that remained, many children - including those of pure Chinese descent - switched from Portuguese- to English-medium high school education, particularly as many of parents recognised the diminishing value of Portuguese schooling. Many Macanese people of mixed ancestry since Portuguese time never speak Portuguese and speak only Cantonese as first language; if other Macanese people of mixed ancestry speak Portuguese, they speak it as second language, thus affected by Cantonese accent. At the same time, Macanese of pure Portuguese descent are also learning Cantonese and Mandarin","title":"Macanese people"},{"psg_id":"5680978","text":"Bamar people The Bamar (; ; also historically the Burmese and Burmans) are the dominant ethnic group in Myanmar. Bamar people live primarily in the Irrawaddy River basin and speak the Burmese language, which is the official language of Myanmar. Bamar customs and identity are closely intertwined with the broader Burmese culture. The Bamar people are often imprecisely called \"Burmese\", though this term in contemporary usage can refer to any citizen of Myanmar, regardless of ethnicity. The Bamar speak Burmese, a Sino-Tibetan language. The Burmese-speaking people first migrated from present-day Yunnan, China to the Irrawaddy valley in the 7th century.","title":"Bamar people"},{"psg_id":"17017971","text":"leave the country!\". The campaigners placed posters in the major cities of the country with the slogan \"Citizen, speak Turkish!\" and the message further spread into the mass media, press, and political circles throughout the country. Signs in theaters, restaurants, hotels, and ferries urged everyone to speak Turkish and many people were harassed in public or criminalized for using a language other than Turkish. Citizens found to be using a language other than Turkish may sometimes have been charged with violating Article 159 (now defunct) of the Turkish penal code for \"insulting Turkishness\" as a legal justification. In the 1960s,","title":"Citizen, speak Turkish!"},{"psg_id":"15536232","text":"Jino language Jino Language (Jinuo; also known as Buyuan, Jinuo, Buyuan Jinuo 基諾語補遠方言.) autonyms: \"tɕy˦no˦\", \"ki˦nʲo˦\") Jino language is a pair of Loloish languages spoken by the Jino people of Yunnan. In total, there are about 28,320 Jinuo people living in China. 70%-80% of Jinuo people can speak Jino fluently. The Jino languages has two subdialects of Youle Jino and Buyuan Jinuo, and they are not mutually intelligible. Buyuan Jinuo is spoken by 21,000 people Most of the speakers are monolingual, which means they only speak Jino language. There is no official written form. Most Jino also speak one of","title":"Jino language"},{"psg_id":"8416931","text":"Yaghnobi people The Yaghnobi people (Yaghnobi: yaγnōbī́t; ) are an ethnic minority in Tajikistan. They inhabit Tajikistan's Sughd province in the valleys of the Yaghnob, Qul and Varzob rivers. The Yaghnobis are considered to be descendants of the Sogdian-speaking peoples who once inhabited most of Central Asia beyond the Amu Darya River in what was ancient Sogdia. They speak the Yaghnobi language, a living Eastern Iranian language (the other living members being Pashto, Ossetic and the Pamir languages). Yaghnobi is spoken in the upper valley of the Yaghnob River in the Zarafshan area of Tajikistan by the Yaghnobi people. It","title":"Yaghnobi people"},{"psg_id":"4978209","text":"Khas people Khas people () also called Khas Arya () are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the Indian subcontinent, what is now present-day Nepal as well as Kumaon, Garhwal and Himachal regions of North India and speak the Khas language (modern Nepali language). They were also known as \"Parbatiyas\" and \"Paharis\". The term \"Khas\" has now become obsolete, as the Khas people have adopted other identities such as Chhetri and Bahun, because of the negative stereotypes associated with the term \"Khas\". The hill Khas tribe who are in large part associated with the Gorkhali invaders are addressed with the","title":"Khas people"},{"psg_id":"16746686","text":"Eloyi people The Eloyi (also called Afao, Afo, Afu, Aho, Epe, Keffi) are an ethnic group of central Nigeria. About 100,000 people identify themselves as Eloyi. They are related to the Idoma ethnic group. As of 2000, about 25,000 people in the Awe and Nasarawa Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Nasarawa State and the Otukpo LGA of Benue State were reported to speak the Eloyi language, in the Idomoid branch of the Benue-Congo group. Many use Hausa as their second or primary language. Traditionally, most of the Eloyi lived in a range of rocky hills in what today is Nasarawa","title":"Eloyi people"},{"psg_id":"5665720","text":"States, the documentary was broadcast in several parts on PBS. The companion book () was co-authored by MacNeil and William Cran. Do You Speak American? Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way of speaking from the English language to various ways of speaking in regions throughout the country. Divisions of ethnicity, geography and social status and how they affect how Americans communicate are addressed. As part of the project,","title":"Do You Speak American?"},{"psg_id":"3146865","text":"participating in government. The members of these micronations meet up and speak the language they have learned when they are participating in these meets. They coin new words and grammatical constructions when needed. Talossan, from R. Ben Madison's Kingdom of Talossa, is by far the best-known example of a micronational language. Personal languages are ultimately created for one's own edification. The creator does not expect anyone to speak it; the language exists as a work of art. A personal language may be invented for the purpose of having a beautiful language, for self-expression, as an exercise in understanding linguistic principles,","title":"Artistic language"},{"psg_id":"7080190","text":"the Tarok language is part of the Benue–Congo language family. However, other peoples of the Chadic language family, such as the Ngas, Boghom, Tel (Montol) and Yiwom, shifted to the Benue–Congo family and are given full status as Tarok (Lamle 1998). Also the Jukun, who speak languages of the Benue–Congo family, joined the Tarok. What is called the Tarok people are actually a mixture of many ethno-linguistic groups (Lamle 2008). The Tarok people have an ancestral cult which retains considerable prestige and importance, despite major inroads of Christianity into the area. The ancestors, orìm, are represented by initiated males and","title":"Tarok people"},{"psg_id":"8050854","text":"lyrics of the Beatles song \"She Said, She Said\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\" \"Trouser Press\" called it \"even better\" than \"Script of the Bridge\", \"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"4387826","text":"a minor role. Despite the withdrawal of Belarus from the USSR proclaimed in 1991, use of the Belarusian language is declining. According to a study done by the Belarusian government in 2009, 72% of Belarusians speak Russian at home, and Belarusian is used by only 11.9% of Belarusians. 52.5% of Belarusians can speak and read Belarusian. Only 29.4% can speak, read and write it. According to the research, one out of ten Belarusians does not understand Belarusian. In the last two centuries, Brussels transformed from an exclusively Dutch-speaking city to a bilingual city with French as the majority language and","title":"Language shift"},{"psg_id":"12778158","text":"a positive attitude towards their language, and use it in most areas of life besides the market. Some Baale people can speak Tirma or Chai along with Baleesi, and a few also speak Dizi or Amharic. Speakers of Baleesi include non-native individuals as well. In Jeba town, there are Dizi people who speak Baleesi as a second language, and often serve as intermediaries between local or regional traders and the Baale people when they come to the market. The literacy rate of both first-language and second-language speakers is below 1%. The Baale share many aspects of culture with their fellow","title":"Baale language"},{"psg_id":"3941361","text":"instance, Tegi and Gire hence descendants of Musuba calling themselves Abasuba meaning Musuba's people. Suba clans in Suna include Simbete, Sweta, and Wiga; and they have a clear and distinct ancestry that goes back to forefathers who crossed red Sea from Misri as illustrated below: Ragwe<--Siora<--Montheya<--Girango<--Musubaabs Their language is also distinct and very different from the Olusuba language spoken by the Abasuba of Homabay. The Kisuba language spoken by the Suna people is very similar to the Suba-Simbiti language that their brothers the Simbiti, Aga Sweta, Surwa and Hacha people of Tanzania speak. But, currently, those who claim to speak","title":"Suba people (Kenya)"},{"psg_id":"15319407","text":"the Griko people continued to speak the Greek language and to celebrate the Orthodox rite. Some Griko in both Calabria and Apulia remained adherents to the Orthodox church until the early 17th century. Today, the Griko people are mostly Roman Catholic. During many centuries of cohabitation there was an exchange of knowledge between Griko and Southern Italians in the art of cooking. The Griko are traditionally producers of cereals, vegetables, olives and legumes. Local Griko cuisine does not differ greatly from the local Italian population, however there local regional variations. Many typical Griko dishes are still in use among them.","title":"Griko people"},{"psg_id":"9546057","text":"applied to any group that is defined by a condition rather than as a people: for example, \"those that are homeless\" rather than \"the homeless\". Rather than using labels to define individuals with a health issue, it is more appropriate to use terminology, which describes individuals as being diagnosed with an illness or disorder. People first language puts the person before the diagnosis and describes what the person has not what the person is. The basic idea is to use a sentence structure that names the person first and the condition second, for example, \"people with disabilities\" rather than \"disabled","title":"People-first language"},{"psg_id":"16465656","text":"language. Because of exogamy a child will have a father with one language and a mother with another language resulting in the child learning to speak both of his parents’ languages equally; thus intergenerational transference is very strong (Harvey 2011). It is through their language that Aboriginal people distinguish themselves. Their language is what connects the land, community, ancestors together. Ultimately Djinang and the other languages found in Arnhem Land rest in a unique place, a place where their way of life both helps and hinders the growth of their language. Because of their semi-nomadic, semi-reclusive nature large clans are","title":"Djinang language"},{"psg_id":"5680993","text":"alphabet are designated to certain days, from which the Bamar choose names. They are chosen as follows: Bamar people The Bamar (; ; also historically the Burmese and Burmans) are the dominant ethnic group in Myanmar. Bamar people live primarily in the Irrawaddy River basin and speak the Burmese language, which is the official language of Myanmar. Bamar customs and identity are closely intertwined with the broader Burmese culture. The Bamar people are often imprecisely called \"Burmese\", though this term in contemporary usage can refer to any citizen of Myanmar, regardless of ethnicity. The Bamar speak Burmese, a Sino-Tibetan language.","title":"Bamar people"},{"psg_id":"15248852","text":"Kryts people The Kryts (self-designated хърыцӏаь) or Gryz () are a people of Azerbaijan reside in several villages in the Quba, Khachmaz, Ismayilli and Gabala regions, as well as in the cities of Baku and Sumgait. In 2005, the number of Kryts was between 10,000 and 15,000. They speak the Kryts language, which belongs to the Lezgic branch of the Nakh-Dagestan language family. In addition, all speak the Azerbaijani language. The number Kryts according to H. Seidlitz, extracted from family lists in 1886, was 7,767 people. In \"The Sociolinguistic Situation of the Kryts in Azerbaijan\" it was reported that the","title":"Kryts people"},{"psg_id":"2165727","text":"the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China where they are known as \"Hezhe\" (赫哲族 \"Hèzhé-zú\"). According to the last census of 2004, they numbered 4,640 in China (mostly in Heilongjiang province). Chinese Nanai speak the Hezhen dialect of Nanai. They also have a rich oral literature known as the Yimakan. The dialect does not have a written system in China and Nanai usually write in Chinese. (Second language literacy is 84%.) However, as of 2005 teachers have recently finished compiling what is probably the first Hezhe language textbook. The 2000 Chinese census recorded 4.640 Nanai","title":"Nanai people"},{"psg_id":"15237580","text":"Language, by contrast, \"invites us but does not force us, to unite\". Countries which share the Spanish or English language don't merge with one another, while the people of Switzerland speak several languages. Modern nationhood also cannot be based on religion, which Renan observes, is currently practiced according to individual belief. \"You can be French, English, German, yet Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, or practicing no religion\". Mutuality of interests is fine for corporations and their affiliates, but nationality is based on sentiment. Geography merely leads us astray, and often to violence: \"Mountains don't know how to carve out countries\". Renan concludes","title":"What Is a Nation?"},{"psg_id":"15395993","text":"peoples in Uganda to practise Female Genital Mutilation The Kadam speak the Kadam Language, also known as \"yog toŋi\" which is a variant of the \"So\" language of the Nilo-Saharan languages group. It is also closely related to the languages of the peoples mentioned above. The language is endangered; those who speak Kadam/So as a first language are middle-aged and elderly, the younger generations speak mostly the Pökoot or Karamojong language. Kadam People The Kadam people inhabit Mount Kadam in Nakapiripirit District in the Karamoja sub-region, located in north-eastern Uganda. They are closely related to the Tepeth/Tepes or So peoples","title":"Kadam People"},{"psg_id":"4398330","text":"SPEAK Network. SPEAK network SPEAK is a Christian network which connects people to campaign and pray on issues of global justice. Through bringing change to situations of injustice SPEAK aims to share their faith in God. The organisation's name comes from Proverbs 31:8-9: \"Speak up for those who cannot speak for themselves\". SPEAK combines campaigning and prayer because they believe that they make a powerful combination to bring social transformation. SPEAK believes in networking because they believe that only when acting and praying in unity can people really make a difference. SPEAK connects both individuals and groups. SPEAK groups typically","title":"SPEAK network"},{"psg_id":"591774","text":"the Turku region (including the economic districts of Turku and Åboland) had a population of 319,632, out of which 174,824 people lived in the city of Turku. The city's population density is 718 inhabitants per square kilometre. 89.4% of Turku's population speak Finnish as their native language, while 5.2% speak Swedish. The next most widely spoken languages are Russian (1.3%), Arabic (0.6%), Albanian (0.5%). 95.8% of the population are Finnish citizens, and the most sizeable minorities are from Russia, Estonia, Iraq, Iran, Albania, Sweden, Somalia, China, and Denmark. Like all other Finnish cities, Turku does not collect information about the","title":"Turku"},{"psg_id":"2928971","text":"attention. John McWhorter has argued that programs to revive indigenous languages will almost never be very effective because of the practical difficulties involved. He also argues that the death of a language does not necessarily mean the death of a culture. Indigenous expression is still possible even when the original language has disappeared, as with Native American groups and as evidenced by the vitality of black American culture in the United States, among people who speak not Yoruba but English. He argues that language death is, ironically, a sign of hitherto isolated peoples migrating and sharing space: “To maintain distinct","title":"Language revitalization"},{"psg_id":"16118771","text":"Tai language called Padi [\"pa31 zi31\"] is spoken in Mường Khương District, Lao Cai Province, northern Vietnam. Sapa language Sapa, or Tày Sa Pa, is a Southwestern Tai language of Sa Pa, Lào Cai Province, northern Vietnam. According to Pittayaporn (2009) and \"Glottolog\", it is the closest relative of the Southwestern Tai languages, but does not share the phonological innovations that define that group. There are about 300 speakers. Tày Sa Pa speakers are classified by the Vietnamese as ethnic Tay people, most of whom speak Central Tai languages rather than Southwestern Tai languages. According to Jerold Edmondson, the phonology,","title":"Sapa language"},{"psg_id":"15758147","text":"take the plural –\"nae\", shown in Example (26). \"Taita\" can come before or after the noun, but does not appear as its own independent pronoun. In (29), \"taita\" is being used as a non-verbal predicate. Paresi language Paresi (also called Haliti-Paresi or Paresi-Haliti by the speakers themselves) is an Arawakan language spoken in Brazil. There are approximately 2000 Paresi people, and around 1800 (~90% of the population) speak the language. The Paresi live in the state of Mato Grosso, more specifically in nine indigenous territories: Rio Formoso, Utiariti, Estação Parecis, Estivadinho, Pareci, Juininha, Figueira, Ponte de Pedra, and Uirapuru. In","title":"Paresi language"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9250867\",\n \"text\": \"as a system of libraries throughout South Jutland. It also operates a German high school located in Aabenraa (German: Apenrade). Beside this there are also 28,584 immigrants from Germany in Denmark in 2012. Greenlandic is the main language of the 54,000 Greenlanders living in Greenland, which is, like the Faroe Islands, a self-governing territory of the Kingdom. Roughly 7,000 people speak Greenlandic in mainland Denmark. Greenlandic is similar to Inuktitut, and also the Eskimo–Aleut languages spoken in the Arctic North America, and Eastern Siberian area. Languages of Denmark The Kingdom of Denmark has only one official language, Danish, the national\",\n \"title\": \"Languages of Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20760416\",\n \"text\": \"is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought.\\\" Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted \\\"A concrete lesson seems to emanate from \\\"In What Language?\\\" and it is this: that no matter what language distinguishes the nature of the present global geo-political culture, the language spoken has a clear and consistent meaning borne in its content. The language transcends any dialect. And if we are determined enough, within our commonly shared humanity, we can speak the same language. In our\",\n \"title\": \"In What Language?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5727275\",\n \"text\": \"How to Speak Hip How to Speak Hip is a comedy album by Del Close and John Brent, released by Mercury Records in 1959. The album is designed as a satire of language-learning records, where the secret language of the 'hipster' is treated as a foreign language. Part of the joke, however, is that it actually does a good job of describing the Beat Generation/Beatnik sub-culture: Basic concepts such as \\\"cool\\\" and \\\"uncool\\\" are taught, as well as vocabulary building (\\\"dig\\\", \\\"dig it\\\", \\\"dig yourself, baby\\\", \\\"dig the chick\\\", \\\"dig the cat\\\", \\\"What a drag!\\\"). Many of the phrases and\",\n \"title\": \"How to Speak Hip\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15259671\",\n \"text\": \"The People Speak The People Speak is an online community of young people who want to get involved in global issues. The community engages people of all ages and backgrounds in thoughtful discussions about the value of international cooperation for the United States and the world. From September 1 to November 30 each year, The People Speak (TPS) partners organize thousands of events around the U.S. and the world to explore emerging global challenges and opportunities. TPS started in 2003 as an initiative of the United Nations Foundation, the Open Society Institute and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. During the first\",\n \"title\": \"The People Speak\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12266703\",\n \"text\": \"In Rwanda We Say…The Family That Does Not Speak Dies In Rwanda We Say…The Family That Does Not Speak Dies is a documentary film examining the Gacaca justice process in the aftermath of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Directed by Anne Aghion and produced by Gacaca Productions, this 2004 film won an Emmy Award for \\\"Outstanding Informational Programming.\\\" Filmed in Rwanda, the language of \\\"In Rwanda\\\" is Kinyarwanda with English subtitles. Set in Rwanda, Anne Aghion, the director, interviews a genocide offender who has been released back into his community, and the victims of the genocide. The film follows how at\",\n \"title\": \"In Rwanda We Say…The Family That Does Not Speak Dies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11877798\",\n \"text\": \"Speak Your Language Speak Your Language is the second album by Five O'Clock Heroes, released on July 7, 2008 via Glaze Records. The album was leaked on the Internet in the first week of June 2008. The song \\\"Who\\\" was the first single taken from the album, and is a duet recorded with Agyness Deyn. The video of this single was ready in the beginning of May 2008 and posted on Five O'Clock Heroes' website on May 5, 2008. The single itself was released on June 23, 2008. The single was poorly received by \\\"NME\\\", giving it a 2/10 rating.\",\n \"title\": \"Speak Your Language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11877797\",\n \"text\": \"Speak Your Language Speak Your Language is the second album by Five O'Clock Heroes, released on July 7, 2008 via Glaze Records. The album was leaked on the Internet in the first week of June 2008. The song \\\"Who\\\" was the first single taken from the album, and is a duet recorded with Agyness Deyn. The video of this single was ready in the beginning of May 2008 and posted on Five O'Clock Heroes' website on May 5, 2008. The single itself was released on June 23, 2008. The single was poorly received by \\\"NME\\\", giving it a 2/10 rating.\",\n \"title\": \"Speak Your Language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810760\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945153\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810767\",\n \"text\": \"reviews\\\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \\\" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \\\"The New York Times\\\" described the episode as \\\"contemplative\\\", \\\"anticlimactic\\\" and \\\"subdued\\\" and the flash sideways as \\\"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\\\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \\\" 'What Kate\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15259672\",\n \"text\": \"year, over 3,500 events were organized in all 50 states. Since that time, there have been over 20,000 events in the U.S. and over 50 countries. The theme for the 2006 TPS season is \\\"Working Together with the World: What's in it for the U.S.?\\\" Participants explore this theme related to three topics: The People Speak The People Speak is an online community of young people who want to get involved in global issues. The community engages people of all ages and backgrounds in thoughtful discussions about the value of international cooperation for the United States and the world. From\",\n \"title\": \"The People Speak\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980608\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544190\",\n \"text\": \"to experience out of control situations. The use of English is frequent among young people under 25. English is the predominant second language and is in the school curriculum from the first grade. Roughly 90% of 15- to 21-year-olds speak English with other Danes at least once per week. Youth code switch from Danish to English with friends and classmates. English phrases or words are spoken in between Danish words. Codeswitching is a marker of youth identity and sign of opposition to adult culture. Youth use their language style to differ from adults. Popular sports in Denmark include cycling, swimming,\",\n \"title\": \"Youth in Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"825719\",\n \"text\": \"or \\\"Kalaallisut\\\" belongs to the Eskimo–Aleut languages; it is closely related to the Inuit languages in Canada, such as Inuktitut, and entirely unrelated to Danish. A large majority (86%) of Danes speak English as a second language, generally with a high level of proficiency. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency. Denmark had 25,900 native speakers of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area). Christianity is the dominant religion in Denmark. In January 2018, 75.3% of the population of Denmark were members of the Church of Denmark (), the officially\",\n \"title\": \"Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810778\",\n \"text\": \"week.\\\" VanDerWerff of the \\\"LA Times\\\", Ryan of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\", Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" and Mark Medley of the \\\"National Post\\\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"133477\",\n \"text\": \"second language in the German \\\"land\\\" of Saarland, with French being taught from pre-school and over 43% of citizens being able to speak French. The majority of the world's French-speaking population lives in Africa. According to the 2007 report by the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, an estimated 115 million African people spread across 31 Francophone countries can speak French as either a first or a second language. This number does not include the people living in non-Francophone African countries who have learned French as a foreign language. Due to the rise of French in Africa, the total French-speaking population\",\n \"title\": \"French language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19760001\",\n \"text\": \"Lebanese people in Denmark Lebanese people of Denmark are people from Lebanon or those of Lebanese descent who live in the country of Denmark. The majority of Lebanese people came to Denmark in the 1970s and 1980s, either escaping the Lebanese Civil War or for economic reasons. Per 1 October 2016, 26,404 persons in Denmark were of Lebanese origin. Most Lebanese in Denmark belong to various Christian denominations (Maronite, Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Protestant), but there is also a sizable number of Muslims (Sunni and Shi'a) and also some Druze. According to Statistics Denmark, as of 2017, there are a\",\n \"title\": \"Lebanese people in Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13298966\",\n \"text\": \"peoples may also be known as Mountain Ok peoples, from the word \\\"ok\\\" meaning 'river' or 'water'. The latter name contrasts them with the Lowland Ok people to the south who speak related languages but differ greatly culturally and in the environment that they live in. The Urapmin speak a Mountain Ok language. Although this language family is tied to the Min ethnic grouping, it does not absolutely define the group, since the Oksapmin to the east and the Om river groups speak non-Mountain Ok languages. The Urapmin kinship system is cognatic; in general the western Min groups have bilateral\",\n \"title\": \"Urapmin people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2769777\",\n \"text\": \"relatively high altitude, and that the prize money from races is large compared to typical yearly earnings. One theory is that the Kalenjin has relatively thin legs and therefore does not have to lift so much leg weight when running long distances. Kalenjin people The Kalenjin are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to Kenya, mainly in what was formerly the Rift Valley Province. They are estimated to number a little over 4.9 million individuals as per the Kenyan 2009 census and are divided into the Kipsigis, Nandi, Keiyo, Marakwet, Sabaot, Pokots, Tugen, Terik and Ogiek. They speak the Kalenjin language, which\",\n \"title\": \"Kalenjin people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12464644\",\n \"text\": \"being developed. These will be based on the same format, exploring people's histories in other countries. An educational version of \\\"The People Speak\\\" is in production, in association with Voices of a People's History of the United States. The People Speak (film) The People Speak is a 2009 American documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans. The film gives voice to those who, by insisting on equality and justice, spoke up for social change throughout U.S. history and also illustrates the relevance of this to today's society. The film\",\n \"title\": \"The People Speak (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12464635\",\n \"text\": \"The People Speak (film) The People Speak is a 2009 American documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans. The film gives voice to those who, by insisting on equality and justice, spoke up for social change throughout U.S. history and also illustrates the relevance of this to today's society. The film is narrated by historian Howard Zinn and is based on his books \\\"A People's History of the United States\\\" (1980) and, with Anthony Arnove, \\\"Voices of a People's History of the United States\\\" (2004). \\\"The People Speak\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"The People Speak (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"375719\",\n \"text\": \"not used outside an educational context. It has become popular for hearing parents to teach signs (from ASL or some other sign language) to young hearing children. Since the muscles in babies' hands grow and develop quicker than their mouths, signs can be a beneficial option for better communication. Babies can usually produce signs before they can speak. This reduces the confusion between parents when trying to figure out what their child wants. When the child begins to speak, signing is usually abandoned, so the child does not progress to acquiring the grammar of the sign language. This is in\",\n \"title\": \"Sign language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12413103\",\n \"text\": \"or those with Ika as mother tongue is not known since this information was not included in the 1991 census result (1991 census). Ika people do not have any shared physical characteristics distinguishing it from other ethnic or language groups in Delta State. Language Ika people speak the Ika language which has both elements of Benin and Igbo, this is what makes the language unique. To keep the language alive, there is now news in Ika language as a different language on Delta radio. Ikas have commenced writing the bible in Ika language and right now the gospel of Mathew,\",\n \"title\": \"Ika people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945154\",\n \"text\": \"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \\\"How Many Hearts\\\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926463\",\n \"text\": \"was first used on the song \\\"Rock 'N' Roll\\\" which later became \\\"You'll Be Under My Wheels\\\". The second time they used it is from a song called \\\"Lyrical Terrorist\\\" which later became \\\"Serial Thrilla\\\", but it was soon used on the album \\\"The Day Is My Enemy\\\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050855\",\n \"text\": \"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\\\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \\\"The Rough Guide to Rock\\\", however, called it \\\"as half-baked as its title\\\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050853\",\n \"text\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3787245\",\n \"text\": \"When asked what their skin name is, they often reply with the former, but may also additionally use the latter. (Observation made from a discussion with a young 'Japananga-Jupurulla'.) Warlpiri people The Warlpiri are a group of Indigenous Australians, many of whom speak the Warlpiri language. There are 5,000–6,000 Warlpiri, living mostly in a few towns and settlements scattered through their traditional land in Australia's Northern Territory, north and west of Alice Springs. About 3,000 still speak the Warlpiri language. The word \\\"Warlpiri\\\" has also been romanised as Walpiri, Walbiri, Elpira, Ilpara and Wailbri. The Warlpiri language is a member\",\n \"title\": \"Warlpiri people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14659509\",\n \"text\": \"Chrau language Chrau(also known as Jro, Ro, Tamun, Charuo, Choro, Chíoro) is a Bahnaric language spoken by some of the 22,000 ethnic Cho Ro people in southern Vietnam. Unlike most languages of Southeast Asia, Chrau has no lexical tone, though it does have significant sentence intonation. There are approximately fewer than 20,000 people that are native speakers of Chrau. Most people who speak Chrau are from the Southern parts of Vietnam such as Bien Hoa and Binh Tuy. Most of the this research has been conducted by David Thomas. The language of Chrau has a lot of Chinese influence which\",\n \"title\": \"Chrau language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13344749\",\n \"text\": \"there. This contradicts claims that Chinese migrants are attracted by Denmark's generous social welfare benefits. Statistics Denmark showed 9,799 people born in mainland China and 448 born in Taiwan living in Denmark . Statistics Denmark showed in the first quarter of 2018 that 11,710 people with origins in mainland China are living in Denmark legally. Though early Chinese migrants consisted largely of travelling artists and merchants, after World War II, migrants concentrated increasingly in the Chinese restaurant business. Copenhagen's first Chinese restaurant, the China House, was opened by a Chinese migrant from the Netherlands who had remigrated to Denmark; four\",\n \"title\": \"Chinese people in Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12740330\",\n \"text\": \"may not altogether be historically and linguistically correct as the Ogbogolo people speak what is purely regarded as \\\"Ogbia\\\". Ogbogolo is a distinct language in the Niger-Congo family as a Central Delta language of Nigeria. According to PeopleGroups.org, 2000-2014, the Ogbogolo - (ogg) are a sub-Saharan African People of the Benue cluster only found in Nigeria and speaking the primary language known as \\\"Ogbogolo\\\". Oral tradition has it that the Ogbogolo people migrated from Kaskrama (present day Otuegwe) in Ogbia Local Government Area of Bayelsa State under their leader Egbo after whom their chief town Egboama is named. Engenni people\",\n \"title\": \"Engenni people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15607075\",\n \"text\": \"built their own. Because the family spoke both Aweti and Kamaiura it lessened the amount of Aweti speakers in the main village and it continued to decrease the amount of Aweti speakers in the new village as they began to communicate in Kamaiura only. Because of this many Aweti people only speak Kamaiura today. Most Aweti people are multilingual. Portuguese is the main language of Brazil so a lot of Aweti people also speak Portuguese especially the younger generation since that is what is spoken at school. The language can also be found under the forms Awety, Awetö, Aueto, Aueti,\",\n \"title\": \"Awetï language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13344753\",\n \"text\": \"married Prince Joachim of Denmark. They had two children, Prince Nikolai (born 1999) and Prince Felix (born 2002), they are the first members of the Danish Royal Family who have Chinese blood. Chinese people in Denmark Chinese people in Denmark form one of the smaller and less-studied Chinese diaspora communities of Europe. The earliest Chinese migrants in Denmark are believed to have been 34 men from Guangdong who came to the famous Tivoli Gardens amusement park in 1902 as travelling performers on contracts for the summer. Though the initial understanding was that they would return to China after their work\",\n \"title\": \"Chinese people in Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13344745\",\n \"text\": \"Chinese people in Denmark Chinese people in Denmark form one of the smaller and less-studied Chinese diaspora communities of Europe. The earliest Chinese migrants in Denmark are believed to have been 34 men from Guangdong who came to the famous Tivoli Gardens amusement park in 1902 as travelling performers on contracts for the summer. Though the initial understanding was that they would return to China after their work had ended, half found other employment at the end of their contracts, or had entered into relationships with Danish women, and thus chose to settle down in Denmark. Similar forms of \\\"coincidental\",\n \"title\": \"Chinese people in Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14659522\",\n \"text\": \"its own unique numbering system, that is only for it. Chrau language Chrau(also known as Jro, Ro, Tamun, Charuo, Choro, Chíoro) is a Bahnaric language spoken by some of the 22,000 ethnic Cho Ro people in southern Vietnam. Unlike most languages of Southeast Asia, Chrau has no lexical tone, though it does have significant sentence intonation. There are approximately fewer than 20,000 people that are native speakers of Chrau. Most people who speak Chrau are from the Southern parts of Vietnam such as Bien Hoa and Binh Tuy. Most of the this research has been conducted by David Thomas. The\",\n \"title\": \"Chrau language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5727280\",\n \"text\": \"albums were released on the Ninja Tune label. How to Speak Hip How to Speak Hip is a comedy album by Del Close and John Brent, released by Mercury Records in 1959. The album is designed as a satire of language-learning records, where the secret language of the 'hipster' is treated as a foreign language. Part of the joke, however, is that it actually does a good job of describing the Beat Generation/Beatnik sub-culture: Basic concepts such as \\\"cool\\\" and \\\"uncool\\\" are taught, as well as vocabulary building (\\\"dig\\\", \\\"dig it\\\", \\\"dig yourself, baby\\\", \\\"dig the chick\\\", \\\"dig the cat\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"How to Speak Hip\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980606\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15237575\",\n \"text\": \"the stage for nationalism. Renan also asserts that neither language nor religion are basis for solidarity because language “invites people to unite, but does not force them to do so” and \\\"religion has become an individual matter\\\" For example, the United States and England both speak English but do not constitute a single, united nation and countries no longer operate on the notion of religions operating against each other, forcing people to choose between one or the other. Renan noted that a unique element of the European nation-forming experience was the mixture of races, origins and religions, where conquering people\",\n \"title\": \"What Is a Nation?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17851572\",\n \"text\": \"Big Diomede Island and Cape Dezhnev in the Bering Strait. The Soviet Union relocated Naukan people from their traditional coastal village of Naukan in 1958. They now reside in the indigenous village of Lorino. Naukan people The Naukan, also known as the Naukanski, are a Siberian Yupik people and an indigenous people of Siberia. They live in the Chukotka Autonomous Region of eastern Russia. The Naukan Yupik language is a Yupik language, belonging to the Eskimo-Aleut languages. Some people speak the language. Many Naukan people now speak the Chukchi language. Traditionally Naukan people hunted sea mammals. Guests from remote settlements\",\n \"title\": \"Naukan people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926460\",\n \"text\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \\\"nigga\\\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \\\"Scoopy Rap\\\" and \\\"Family Rap\\\" in 1979, and \\\"New York\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014933\",\n \"text\": \"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \\\"The Tube\\\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \\\"die very quickly\\\", and that he wanted to \\\"herald the death\\\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014931\",\n \"text\": \"What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \\\"The Smiths\\\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \\\"Hatful of Hollow\\\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is among his least favourite songs\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17851571\",\n \"text\": \"Naukan people The Naukan, also known as the Naukanski, are a Siberian Yupik people and an indigenous people of Siberia. They live in the Chukotka Autonomous Region of eastern Russia. The Naukan Yupik language is a Yupik language, belonging to the Eskimo-Aleut languages. Some people speak the language. Many Naukan people now speak the Chukchi language. Traditionally Naukan people hunted sea mammals. Guests from remote settlements traveled from remote settlements to participate in \\\"pol'a\\\"', the month-long Naukan whale festival. Archaeological evidence places the Naukan on the Chukotka Peninsula off the Bering Sea back 2,000 years. They used to live on\",\n \"title\": \"Naukan people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9590949\",\n \"text\": \"syllable, with some exceptions. Only fluent speakers of Araki distinguish between the flap and the trill ; and only they can distinguish and pronounce the linguolabial consonants. 'Passive' users of the language replace these consonants either with bilabial consonants or alveolar consonants. Although many younger people claim to be able to speak Araki, they are usually passive speakers, and therefore do not use linguolabial consonants. The vowel phonemes are: Araki does not possess phonemic long vowels. Also, the language does not have phonemic diphthongs. However, strings of consecutive vowels are possible - indeed prevalent - in the language. In these\",\n \"title\": \"Araki language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5665719\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Speak American? Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way of speaking from the English language to various ways of speaking in regions throughout the country. Divisions of ethnicity, geography and social status and how they affect how Americans communicate are addressed. As part of the project, MacNeil traveled across the country conducting interviews with ordinary people as well as experts such as William Labov. In the United\",\n \"title\": \"Do You Speak American?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663178\",\n \"text\": \"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \\\"What Does The Bee Do?\\\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \\\"IGN\\\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \\\"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\\\" \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" rated the episode an \\\"A-\\\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663175\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the Bee Do? \\\"What Does the Bee Do?\\\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \\\"Boardwalk Empire\\\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3043554\",\n \"text\": \"emotion. Humans can communicate simply to communicate—without emotions. So, anatomically, this scenario does not work. Therefore, we resort to the idea that language was derived from gesture (we communicated by gesture first and sound was attached later). The important question for gestural theories is why there was a shift to vocalization. Various explanations have been proposed: A comparable hypothesis states that in 'articulate' language, gesture and vocalisation are intrinsically linked, as language evolved from equally intrinsically linked dance and song. Humans still use manual and facial gestures when they speak, especially when people meet who have no language in common.\",\n \"title\": \"Origin of language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9474188\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"In preparation for the January 2014 education season, the national curriculum and textbook board has already started printing books in six languages ... Chakma, Kokborok (Tripura community), Marma, Santal, Sadri (Orao community) and Achik.\\\" \\\"Mor Thengari\\\" (My Bicycle) was Bangladesh's first Chakma-language movie. However, it was banned in Bangladesh. Chakma has eight distinct vowels. The Chakma and Daingnet people now speak what may be considered divergent dialects of Magadhi Prakrit. However, this is due to language shift from an Oxomiya language; that medieval language may have been related to Sak or Chairel. Chakma language Chakma language (; autonym: , )\",\n \"title\": \"Chakma language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810761\",\n \"text\": \"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \\\"What Kate Did\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14941561\",\n \"text\": \"Senga people The Senga are an ethnic tribe of Zambia, distinct from the Nsenga. The Senga are a tribe who migrated from the southern part of present-day Congo DRC. They re-settled in the Luangwa valley amongst the Tumbuka speaking people. The language they speak though similar to Tumbuka is distinct and also shares a common strain with Bisa/Bemba. What the Senga can tell of their past begins with migration to their present home perhaps three centuries ago. There is unanimous agreement that their former home was a place called Uluwa which all evidence suggests was in what now is known\",\n \"title\": \"Senga people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9382704\",\n \"text\": \"Sentinelese language Sentinelese is a name provisionally given to the linguistically undescribed language of the Sentinelese of North Sentinel Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Due to the lack of contact between the Sentinelese people and the rest of the world, little is known of their language, its vitality, etc. The Sentinelese people do not allow outsiders onto the island and are generally hostile towards visitors. Friendly interactions have been rare. It is presumed that the islanders speak a single language and that it is a member of one of the Andamanese language families. Based on what little\",\n \"title\": \"Sentinelese language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13006716\",\n \"text\": \"Putian people The Putian people, (Chinese: 莆田人, pinyin: \\\"Pútiánrén\\\"; Puxian Min: 莆仙儂, Hinghwa Romanized: ) also known as Henghua or Hinghwa are Han Chinese people from Putian, part of Fujian Province, China. They speak Puxian Min, a Min language. Min is one of the Sinitic languages. They may also be referred to as \\\"Xinghua\\\". Hing Hua district was carved out from Quanzhou district during the Song dynasty and was given the name HingHua. Putianese people originated from Xinyang in what is now Henan province and migrated to the present day area of Putian many centuries ago. Putianese people were said\",\n \"title\": \"Putian people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16427150\",\n \"text\": \"Emae have and still are learning the language, keeping Emae alive. Emae language Emae is a Polynesian outlier language of Vanuatu. The language of Emae is a language spoken in the villages of Makatea and Tongamea on Emae in the country of Vanuatu. Most of the Emae people speak Emae, North Efate (Nguna), English, French and Bislama. Less than 1% of the people who speak Emae as their native language are literate in the language, while 50% to 70% are literate in their second language, whether it be Nguna, English, French or Bislama. Today, only around 400 people speak Emae,\",\n \"title\": \"Emae language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"354016\",\n \"text\": \"but also to society, gender and class. Most Romani speak one of several dialects of the Romani language, an Indo-Aryan language, with roots in Sanskrit. They also often speak the languages of the countries they live in. Typically, they also incorporate loanwords and calques into Romani from the languages of those countries and especially words for terms that the Romani language does not have. Most of the \\\"Ciganos\\\" of Portugal, the Gitanos of Spain, the Romanichal of the UK, and Scandinavian Travellers have lost their knowledge of pure Romani, and respectively speak the mixed languages Caló, Angloromany, and Scandoromani. Most\",\n \"title\": \"Romani people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16427141\",\n \"text\": \"Emae language Emae is a Polynesian outlier language of Vanuatu. The language of Emae is a language spoken in the villages of Makatea and Tongamea on Emae in the country of Vanuatu. Most of the Emae people speak Emae, North Efate (Nguna), English, French and Bislama. Less than 1% of the people who speak Emae as their native language are literate in the language, while 50% to 70% are literate in their second language, whether it be Nguna, English, French or Bislama. Today, only around 400 people speak Emae, mainly in Makatea and Tongamea, 250 more than in the 1960s\",\n \"title\": \"Emae language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5731632\",\n \"text\": \"Carrier language The Carrier language is a Northern Athabaskan language. It is named after the Dakelh people, a First Nations people of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, for whom Carrier is the usual English name. People who are referred to as Carrier speak two related languages. One, Babine-Witsuwit'en is sometimes referred to as \\\"Northern Carrier\\\". The other, Carrier proper, includes what are sometimes referred to as \\\"Central Carrier\\\" and \\\"Southern Carrier\\\". All dialects of Carrier have essentially the same consonant system, which is shown in this chart. There are three series of stops and affricates: aspirated, unaspirated (written\",\n \"title\": \"Carrier language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16465643\",\n \"text\": \"different language, it is proper etiquette to speak in the host’s language. Not only is it polite, but more importantly to the Aboriginal people, it appeases the ancient ancestors of the host clan (Harvey 2011). Likewise, children usually have a father from one clan and a mother from another clan. While the father’s language would be the child’s primary language, the child would learn the mother’s language and would speak to her in her own language (Harvey 2011). The Djinang, and indeed all Aboriginal people, even though they are multilingual, but keep their primary language in a place of great\",\n \"title\": \"Djinang language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5544338\",\n \"text\": \"Yenish language Yenish (French: \\\"Yeniche\\\", German: \\\"Jenisch\\\"), is a variety of German spoken by the Yenish people, former nomads living mostly in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Alsace and other parts of France. Yenish has been documented since the 18th century. It is a jargon rather than an actual language; it consists of a significant number of unique specialized words, but does not have its own grammar or its own basic vocabulary. Yenish speakers generally speak their local German dialect, enriched by the Yeniche vocabulary, which is derived in part from Rotwelsch, with influences from Yiddish, Romani, and other minority languages of\",\n \"title\": \"Yenish language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9713087\",\n \"text\": \"two of these villages when the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand built dams over the Kwae Yai and Khwae Noi River (Bradley 1989). Because of the displacement of the people of an already declining language, the language is considered especially vulnerable to extinction. The last children speakers were in the 1970s, and the children now speak Thai as their first language. The classification of Gong within Tibeto-Burman is uncertain, although Bradley (1989) suggests that it is a divergent Lolo-Burmese language that does not fit into either the Burmish or Loloish branches. The Gong language consists of two dialects (\\\"Ethnologue\\\"). Gong\",\n \"title\": \"Gong language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"193076\",\n \"text\": \"official language of administration and education during the colonial period but fell out of use after government, educational and economic infrastructure were destroyed in the Somali Civil War. Although over 17 million Americans are of Italian descent, only a little over one million people in the United States speak Italian at home. Nevertheless, an Italian language media market does exist in the country. Italian immigrants to South America have also brought a presence of the language to that continent. Italian is the second most spoken language in Argentina after the official language of Spanish, with over 1 million (mainly of\",\n \"title\": \"Italian language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4757856\",\n \"text\": \"the (already small) Thao ethnic population. The language has been sinicized. Most people who speak Thao are bilingual or trilingual and can speak Mandarin Chinese and/or Taiwanese as well. The Thao/Ngan language is classified as a Paiwan language, and a Formosan language which is a geographical subgroup of the much larger Austronesian language family. The Thao language has loanwords from the Bunun language, spoken by the Bunun ethnic group of which the Thao/Ngan cooperated with as well as intermarried. Here is the legend of why the Thao people live in the side of Sun Moon Lake. The ancestors originally lived\",\n \"title\": \"Thao people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4635655\",\n \"text\": \"than the other aboriginal peoples of the Malay Peninsula, the Semang and Sakai tribes. Jakun people typically have olive-brown to dark copper skin color. Some have intermarried with ethnic Malays or Chinese. Those who marry or assimilated with Malays usually adhere or largely convert to Islam; families with Chinese ancestors may practise Chinese folk religion in addition to Jakun customs. Jakuns speak Jakun language, a Malayic language of the Malayo-Polynesian languages group, closely related to Malay. Perhaps it should be considered as one of the archaic dialects of the Malay language. It does not have its own written language, is\",\n \"title\": \"Jakun people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14612419\",\n \"text\": \"towards the language. It does not necessarily imply that any of the staff in a particular establishment can speak Irish. Thanks in large part to Gael-Taca and Gaillimh le Gaeilge a significant number of new residential areas are named in Irish today in a lot of counties in the Republic of Ireland. What may be surprising to many people is that these initiatives only really kicked off in a big way since the early 1990s when Galway City councillors passed a policy that all new residential areas in the Galway City Council area would be named solely in Irish. The\",\n \"title\": \"Status of the Irish language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16305564\",\n \"text\": \"Euro TV Place listed \\\"Speak Out Now\\\" at number three on their list of the \\\"10 Best Euro TV Theme Songs\\\". Commercially, it peaked at number four in Denmark and was later certified Gold by IFPI Denmark for digital sales exceeding 10,000 units. A music video was also created and features Oh Land performing outside in a forest. \\\"Speak Out Now\\\" was first released in the United States for digital consumption on 1 January 2011. However, it was not distributed as a commercial single, nor in Oh Land's native Denmark, until 28 November 2011 as a digital download. Both releases\",\n \"title\": \"Speak Out Now\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20392901\",\n \"text\": \"Metacritic gives the film a weighted average rating of 69 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". What Will People Say What Will People Say () is a 2017 internationally co-produced drama film directed and written by Iram Haq. The film's scenes set in Pakistan were all shot in India, mostly in Rajasthan. The film had its world premiere at the 42nd Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2017. It was selected as the Norwegian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. On review aggregator\",\n \"title\": \"What Will People Say\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20392900\",\n \"text\": \"What Will People Say What Will People Say () is a 2017 internationally co-produced drama film directed and written by Iram Haq. The film's scenes set in Pakistan were all shot in India, mostly in Rajasthan. The film had its world premiere at the 42nd Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2017. It was selected as the Norwegian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 81%, based on 21 reviews, and an average rating of 7/10.\",\n \"title\": \"What Will People Say\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1835161\",\n \"text\": \"who were loyal to the Portuguese left after its return to China. Of those that remained, many children - including those of pure Chinese descent - switched from Portuguese- to English-medium high school education, particularly as many of parents recognised the diminishing value of Portuguese schooling. Many Macanese people of mixed ancestry since Portuguese time never speak Portuguese and speak only Cantonese as first language; if other Macanese people of mixed ancestry speak Portuguese, they speak it as second language, thus affected by Cantonese accent. At the same time, Macanese of pure Portuguese descent are also learning Cantonese and Mandarin\",\n \"title\": \"Macanese people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5680978\",\n \"text\": \"Bamar people The Bamar (; ; also historically the Burmese and Burmans) are the dominant ethnic group in Myanmar. Bamar people live primarily in the Irrawaddy River basin and speak the Burmese language, which is the official language of Myanmar. Bamar customs and identity are closely intertwined with the broader Burmese culture. The Bamar people are often imprecisely called \\\"Burmese\\\", though this term in contemporary usage can refer to any citizen of Myanmar, regardless of ethnicity. The Bamar speak Burmese, a Sino-Tibetan language. The Burmese-speaking people first migrated from present-day Yunnan, China to the Irrawaddy valley in the 7th century.\",\n \"title\": \"Bamar people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17017971\",\n \"text\": \"leave the country!\\\". The campaigners placed posters in the major cities of the country with the slogan \\\"Citizen, speak Turkish!\\\" and the message further spread into the mass media, press, and political circles throughout the country. Signs in theaters, restaurants, hotels, and ferries urged everyone to speak Turkish and many people were harassed in public or criminalized for using a language other than Turkish. Citizens found to be using a language other than Turkish may sometimes have been charged with violating Article 159 (now defunct) of the Turkish penal code for \\\"insulting Turkishness\\\" as a legal justification. In the 1960s,\",\n \"title\": \"Citizen, speak Turkish!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15536232\",\n \"text\": \"Jino language Jino Language (Jinuo; also known as Buyuan, Jinuo, Buyuan Jinuo 基諾語補遠方言.) autonyms: \\\"tɕy˦no˦\\\", \\\"ki˦nʲo˦\\\") Jino language is a pair of Loloish languages spoken by the Jino people of Yunnan. In total, there are about 28,320 Jinuo people living in China. 70%-80% of Jinuo people can speak Jino fluently. The Jino languages has two subdialects of Youle Jino and Buyuan Jinuo, and they are not mutually intelligible. Buyuan Jinuo is spoken by 21,000 people Most of the speakers are monolingual, which means they only speak Jino language. There is no official written form. Most Jino also speak one of\",\n \"title\": \"Jino language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8416931\",\n \"text\": \"Yaghnobi people The Yaghnobi people (Yaghnobi: yaγnōbī́t; ) are an ethnic minority in Tajikistan. They inhabit Tajikistan's Sughd province in the valleys of the Yaghnob, Qul and Varzob rivers. The Yaghnobis are considered to be descendants of the Sogdian-speaking peoples who once inhabited most of Central Asia beyond the Amu Darya River in what was ancient Sogdia. They speak the Yaghnobi language, a living Eastern Iranian language (the other living members being Pashto, Ossetic and the Pamir languages). Yaghnobi is spoken in the upper valley of the Yaghnob River in the Zarafshan area of Tajikistan by the Yaghnobi people. It\",\n \"title\": \"Yaghnobi people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4978209\",\n \"text\": \"Khas people Khas people () also called Khas Arya () are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the Indian subcontinent, what is now present-day Nepal as well as Kumaon, Garhwal and Himachal regions of North India and speak the Khas language (modern Nepali language). They were also known as \\\"Parbatiyas\\\" and \\\"Paharis\\\". The term \\\"Khas\\\" has now become obsolete, as the Khas people have adopted other identities such as Chhetri and Bahun, because of the negative stereotypes associated with the term \\\"Khas\\\". The hill Khas tribe who are in large part associated with the Gorkhali invaders are addressed with the\",\n \"title\": \"Khas people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16746686\",\n \"text\": \"Eloyi people The Eloyi (also called Afao, Afo, Afu, Aho, Epe, Keffi) are an ethnic group of central Nigeria. About 100,000 people identify themselves as Eloyi. They are related to the Idoma ethnic group. As of 2000, about 25,000 people in the Awe and Nasarawa Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Nasarawa State and the Otukpo LGA of Benue State were reported to speak the Eloyi language, in the Idomoid branch of the Benue-Congo group. Many use Hausa as their second or primary language. Traditionally, most of the Eloyi lived in a range of rocky hills in what today is Nasarawa\",\n \"title\": \"Eloyi people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5665720\",\n \"text\": \"States, the documentary was broadcast in several parts on PBS. The companion book () was co-authored by MacNeil and William Cran. Do You Speak American? Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way of speaking from the English language to various ways of speaking in regions throughout the country. Divisions of ethnicity, geography and social status and how they affect how Americans communicate are addressed. As part of the project,\",\n \"title\": \"Do You Speak American?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3146865\",\n \"text\": \"participating in government. The members of these micronations meet up and speak the language they have learned when they are participating in these meets. They coin new words and grammatical constructions when needed. Talossan, from R. Ben Madison's Kingdom of Talossa, is by far the best-known example of a micronational language. Personal languages are ultimately created for one's own edification. The creator does not expect anyone to speak it; the language exists as a work of art. A personal language may be invented for the purpose of having a beautiful language, for self-expression, as an exercise in understanding linguistic principles,\",\n \"title\": \"Artistic language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7080190\",\n \"text\": \"the Tarok language is part of the Benue–Congo language family. However, other peoples of the Chadic language family, such as the Ngas, Boghom, Tel (Montol) and Yiwom, shifted to the Benue–Congo family and are given full status as Tarok (Lamle 1998). Also the Jukun, who speak languages of the Benue–Congo family, joined the Tarok. What is called the Tarok people are actually a mixture of many ethno-linguistic groups (Lamle 2008). The Tarok people have an ancestral cult which retains considerable prestige and importance, despite major inroads of Christianity into the area. The ancestors, orìm, are represented by initiated males and\",\n \"title\": \"Tarok people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050854\",\n \"text\": \"lyrics of the Beatles song \\\"She Said, She Said\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \\\"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\\\" \\\"Trouser Press\\\" called it \\\"even better\\\" than \\\"Script of the Bridge\\\", \\\"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4387826\",\n \"text\": \"a minor role. Despite the withdrawal of Belarus from the USSR proclaimed in 1991, use of the Belarusian language is declining. According to a study done by the Belarusian government in 2009, 72% of Belarusians speak Russian at home, and Belarusian is used by only 11.9% of Belarusians. 52.5% of Belarusians can speak and read Belarusian. Only 29.4% can speak, read and write it. According to the research, one out of ten Belarusians does not understand Belarusian. In the last two centuries, Brussels transformed from an exclusively Dutch-speaking city to a bilingual city with French as the majority language and\",\n \"title\": \"Language shift\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12778158\",\n \"text\": \"a positive attitude towards their language, and use it in most areas of life besides the market. Some Baale people can speak Tirma or Chai along with Baleesi, and a few also speak Dizi or Amharic. Speakers of Baleesi include non-native individuals as well. In Jeba town, there are Dizi people who speak Baleesi as a second language, and often serve as intermediaries between local or regional traders and the Baale people when they come to the market. The literacy rate of both first-language and second-language speakers is below 1%. The Baale share many aspects of culture with their fellow\",\n \"title\": \"Baale language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3941361\",\n \"text\": \"instance, Tegi and Gire hence descendants of Musuba calling themselves Abasuba meaning Musuba's people. Suba clans in Suna include Simbete, Sweta, and Wiga; and they have a clear and distinct ancestry that goes back to forefathers who crossed red Sea from Misri as illustrated below: Ragwe<--Siora<--Montheya<--Girango<--Musubaabs Their language is also distinct and very different from the Olusuba language spoken by the Abasuba of Homabay. The Kisuba language spoken by the Suna people is very similar to the Suba-Simbiti language that their brothers the Simbiti, Aga Sweta, Surwa and Hacha people of Tanzania speak. But, currently, those who claim to speak\",\n \"title\": \"Suba people (Kenya)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15319407\",\n \"text\": \"the Griko people continued to speak the Greek language and to celebrate the Orthodox rite. Some Griko in both Calabria and Apulia remained adherents to the Orthodox church until the early 17th century. Today, the Griko people are mostly Roman Catholic. During many centuries of cohabitation there was an exchange of knowledge between Griko and Southern Italians in the art of cooking. The Griko are traditionally producers of cereals, vegetables, olives and legumes. Local Griko cuisine does not differ greatly from the local Italian population, however there local regional variations. Many typical Griko dishes are still in use among them.\",\n \"title\": \"Griko people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9546057\",\n \"text\": \"applied to any group that is defined by a condition rather than as a people: for example, \\\"those that are homeless\\\" rather than \\\"the homeless\\\". Rather than using labels to define individuals with a health issue, it is more appropriate to use terminology, which describes individuals as being diagnosed with an illness or disorder. People first language puts the person before the diagnosis and describes what the person has not what the person is. The basic idea is to use a sentence structure that names the person first and the condition second, for example, \\\"people with disabilities\\\" rather than \\\"disabled\",\n \"title\": \"People-first language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16465656\",\n \"text\": \"language. Because of exogamy a child will have a father with one language and a mother with another language resulting in the child learning to speak both of his parents’ languages equally; thus intergenerational transference is very strong (Harvey 2011). It is through their language that Aboriginal people distinguish themselves. Their language is what connects the land, community, ancestors together. Ultimately Djinang and the other languages found in Arnhem Land rest in a unique place, a place where their way of life both helps and hinders the growth of their language. Because of their semi-nomadic, semi-reclusive nature large clans are\",\n \"title\": \"Djinang language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5680993\",\n \"text\": \"alphabet are designated to certain days, from which the Bamar choose names. They are chosen as follows: Bamar people The Bamar (; ; also historically the Burmese and Burmans) are the dominant ethnic group in Myanmar. Bamar people live primarily in the Irrawaddy River basin and speak the Burmese language, which is the official language of Myanmar. Bamar customs and identity are closely intertwined with the broader Burmese culture. The Bamar people are often imprecisely called \\\"Burmese\\\", though this term in contemporary usage can refer to any citizen of Myanmar, regardless of ethnicity. The Bamar speak Burmese, a Sino-Tibetan language.\",\n \"title\": \"Bamar people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15248852\",\n \"text\": \"Kryts people The Kryts (self-designated хърыцӏаь) or Gryz () are a people of Azerbaijan reside in several villages in the Quba, Khachmaz, Ismayilli and Gabala regions, as well as in the cities of Baku and Sumgait. In 2005, the number of Kryts was between 10,000 and 15,000. They speak the Kryts language, which belongs to the Lezgic branch of the Nakh-Dagestan language family. In addition, all speak the Azerbaijani language. The number Kryts according to H. Seidlitz, extracted from family lists in 1886, was 7,767 people. In \\\"The Sociolinguistic Situation of the Kryts in Azerbaijan\\\" it was reported that the\",\n \"title\": \"Kryts people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2165727\",\n \"text\": \"the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China where they are known as \\\"Hezhe\\\" (赫哲族 \\\"Hèzhé-zú\\\"). According to the last census of 2004, they numbered 4,640 in China (mostly in Heilongjiang province). Chinese Nanai speak the Hezhen dialect of Nanai. They also have a rich oral literature known as the Yimakan. The dialect does not have a written system in China and Nanai usually write in Chinese. (Second language literacy is 84%.) However, as of 2005 teachers have recently finished compiling what is probably the first Hezhe language textbook. The 2000 Chinese census recorded 4.640 Nanai\",\n \"title\": \"Nanai people\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15237580\",\n \"text\": \"Language, by contrast, \\\"invites us but does not force us, to unite\\\". Countries which share the Spanish or English language don't merge with one another, while the people of Switzerland speak several languages. Modern nationhood also cannot be based on religion, which Renan observes, is currently practiced according to individual belief. \\\"You can be French, English, German, yet Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, or practicing no religion\\\". Mutuality of interests is fine for corporations and their affiliates, but nationality is based on sentiment. Geography merely leads us astray, and often to violence: \\\"Mountains don't know how to carve out countries\\\". Renan concludes\",\n \"title\": \"What Is a Nation?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15395993\",\n \"text\": \"peoples in Uganda to practise Female Genital Mutilation The Kadam speak the Kadam Language, also known as \\\"yog toŋi\\\" which is a variant of the \\\"So\\\" language of the Nilo-Saharan languages group. It is also closely related to the languages of the peoples mentioned above. The language is endangered; those who speak Kadam/So as a first language are middle-aged and elderly, the younger generations speak mostly the Pökoot or Karamojong language. Kadam People The Kadam people inhabit Mount Kadam in Nakapiripirit District in the Karamoja sub-region, located in north-eastern Uganda. They are closely related to the Tepeth/Tepes or So peoples\",\n \"title\": \"Kadam People\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4398330\",\n \"text\": \"SPEAK Network. SPEAK network SPEAK is a Christian network which connects people to campaign and pray on issues of global justice. Through bringing change to situations of injustice SPEAK aims to share their faith in God. The organisation's name comes from Proverbs 31:8-9: \\\"Speak up for those who cannot speak for themselves\\\". SPEAK combines campaigning and prayer because they believe that they make a powerful combination to bring social transformation. SPEAK believes in networking because they believe that only when acting and praying in unity can people really make a difference. SPEAK connects both individuals and groups. SPEAK groups typically\",\n \"title\": \"SPEAK network\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"591774\",\n \"text\": \"the Turku region (including the economic districts of Turku and Åboland) had a population of 319,632, out of which 174,824 people lived in the city of Turku. The city's population density is 718 inhabitants per square kilometre. 89.4% of Turku's population speak Finnish as their native language, while 5.2% speak Swedish. The next most widely spoken languages are Russian (1.3%), Arabic (0.6%), Albanian (0.5%). 95.8% of the population are Finnish citizens, and the most sizeable minorities are from Russia, Estonia, Iraq, Iran, Albania, Sweden, Somalia, China, and Denmark. Like all other Finnish cities, Turku does not collect information about the\",\n \"title\": \"Turku\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2928971\",\n \"text\": \"attention. John McWhorter has argued that programs to revive indigenous languages will almost never be very effective because of the practical difficulties involved. He also argues that the death of a language does not necessarily mean the death of a culture. Indigenous expression is still possible even when the original language has disappeared, as with Native American groups and as evidenced by the vitality of black American culture in the United States, among people who speak not Yoruba but English. He argues that language death is, ironically, a sign of hitherto isolated peoples migrating and sharing space: “To maintain distinct\",\n \"title\": \"Language revitalization\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16118771\",\n \"text\": \"Tai language called Padi [\\\"pa31 zi31\\\"] is spoken in Mường Khương District, Lao Cai Province, northern Vietnam. Sapa language Sapa, or Tày Sa Pa, is a Southwestern Tai language of Sa Pa, Lào Cai Province, northern Vietnam. According to Pittayaporn (2009) and \\\"Glottolog\\\", it is the closest relative of the Southwestern Tai languages, but does not share the phonological innovations that define that group. There are about 300 speakers. Tày Sa Pa speakers are classified by the Vietnamese as ethnic Tay people, most of whom speak Central Tai languages rather than Southwestern Tai languages. According to Jerold Edmondson, the phonology,\",\n \"title\": \"Sapa language\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15758147\",\n \"text\": \"take the plural –\\\"nae\\\", shown in Example (26). \\\"Taita\\\" can come before or after the noun, but does not appear as its own independent pronoun. In (29), \\\"taita\\\" is being used as a non-verbal predicate. Paresi language Paresi (also called Haliti-Paresi or Paresi-Haliti by the speakers themselves) is an Arawakan language spoken in Brazil. There are approximately 2000 Paresi people, and around 1800 (~90% of the population) speak the language. The Paresi live in the state of Mato Grosso, more specifically in nine indigenous territories: Rio Formoso, Utiariti, Estação Parecis, Estivadinho, Pareci, Juininha, Figueira, Ponte de Pedra, and Uirapuru. In\",\n \"title\": \"Paresi language\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["greenlandic language","faroese","german language","danish language"],"string":"[\n \"greenlandic language\",\n \"faroese\",\n \"german language\",\n \"danish language\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2191,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what did susan atkins die of?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2722549","text":"death, a period exactly one week short of 40 years. At the time of her death, Atkins was California's longest-serving female inmate. Born in San Gabriel, California, the second of three children, Susan Atkins grew up in northern California. According to her, her parents, Jeanette and Edward John Atkins, were alcoholics. Her mother died of cancer in 1963. Over the next three years, Susan's life was disrupted by the gradual breakup of her family, frequent relocations, and her leaving home to live independently. Until she was 13 years old, Atkins and her family lived in a middle-class home in the","title":"Susan Atkins"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722549\",\n \"text\": \"death, a period exactly one week short of 40 years. At the time of her death, Atkins was California's longest-serving female inmate. Born in San Gabriel, California, the second of three children, Susan Atkins grew up in northern California. According to her, her parents, Jeanette and Edward John Atkins, were alcoholics. Her mother died of cancer in 1963. Over the next three years, Susan's life was disrupted by the gradual breakup of her family, frequent relocations, and her leaving home to live independently. Until she was 13 years old, Atkins and her family lived in a middle-class home in the\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2722580","text":"heard the case (as well as other agenda items), it retired to closed session for final deliberations. Due to her failing health, Atkins herself did not attend the hearing. Debra Tate, the only surviving immediate relative of murder victim Sharon Tate, spoke in opposition to a compassionate release for Atkins, stating, \"She will be set free when judged by God. It's important that she die in incarceration.\" Pam Turner, a niece of Sharon Tate, also opposed Atkins' release, stating, \"If she were capable of comprehending what our family's been through, she would be ashamed to come before this parole board","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"18479183","text":"Susan Atkins (civil servant) Susan Ruth Elizabeth Atkins CB (née Prickett, born 4 March 1952) is a British civil servant. Susan Atkins graduated from Birmingham University with an LLB in Law in 1973. Atkins trained as a solicitor in local government. She was a law academic for 12 years, specialising in anti-discrimination law. She joined the civil service in 1989. Atkins was appointed in 2007 to be the first independent Service Complaints Commissioner for the Armed Forces. Atkins is also a non-executive director of the Quality Assurance Agency and of the Leadership Foundation for Higher Education. Susan Atkins was appointed","title":"Susan Atkins (civil servant)"},{"psg_id":"2722548","text":"Susan Atkins Susan Denise Atkins (May 7, 1948 – September 24, 2009) was a convicted American murderer who was a member of Charles Manson's \"Family\". Manson's followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations in California, over a period of five weeks in the summer of 1969. Known within the Manson family as Sadie Mae Glutz or Sexy Sadie, Atkins was convicted for her participation in eight of these killings, including the most notorious, the Tate murders. She was sentenced to death, which was subsequently commuted to life imprisonment. Atkins was incarcerated from October 1, 1969, until her","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722581","text":"and ask such a request.\" Anthony DiMaria, the nephew of murder victim Thomas Jay Sebring, also opposed Atkins' release, stating, \"You will hear various opinions with respect to this today, but you will hear nothing from the nine people who lie in their graves and suffered horrendous deaths at the hands of Susan Atkins.\" Gloria Goodwin Killian, director of ACWIP (Action Committee for Women in Prison) and a Pasadena legal researcher and prisoner advocate, spoke in support for Atkins' compassionate release, arguing, \"Susan has been punished all that she can be. Short of going out to the hospital and physically","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722550","text":"Cambrian Park area of San Jose, California. She was described by those who knew her as a quiet, self-conscious girl who belonged to her school's glee club and the local church choir. Two weeks before her mother was hospitalized for the final time, Susan arranged for members of the church choir to sing Christmas carols under her bedroom window. After Jeanette Atkins' death, relatives were asked to help look after Susan and her two brothers. Edward Atkins eventually moved to Los Banos, California, with Susan and her younger brother Steven. When he found work on the San Luis Dam construction","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"18479184","text":"the first Chief Executive of the Independent Police Complaints Commission in 2003. Her previous posts include Deputy Chief Executive of the Equal Opportunities Commission, Departmental Equal Opportunities Officer for the Home Office and Director of the Women and Equality Unit in the Cabinet Office. She has also been a Visiting Professor at Southampton University. Atkins was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to Armed Service Personnel. Susan Atkins (civil servant) Susan Ruth Elizabeth Atkins CB (née Prickett, born 4 March 1952) is a British civil servant. Susan Atkins graduated","title":"Susan Atkins (civil servant)"},{"psg_id":"2722585","text":"in that film's 2004 remake, as well as by Maureen Allisse in \"The Manson Family\" (2003), by Anjelica Scannura in \"Manson, My Name Is Evil\" (2009), by Devanny Pinn in \"House of Manson\" (2014), by Ambyr Childers in the 2015 TV series \"Aquarius\", and by Sarah Paulson in \"\". Susan Atkins Susan Denise Atkins (May 7, 1948 – September 24, 2009) was a convicted American murderer who was a member of Charles Manson's \"Family\". Manson's followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations in California, over a period of five weeks in the summer of 1969. Known within","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722584","text":"by Atkins' husband claimed that she was paralyzed over 85 percent of her body and unable to sit up or be transferred to a wheelchair. For the final time, Atkins was denied parole on September 2, 2009. Susan Atkins died on September 24, 2009, at the Central California Women's facility in Chowchilla. A prison spokesperson announced to reporters that her cause of death was listed as natural causes. Her husband, James Whitehouse, subsequently released a statement saying that \"Her last whispered word was 'Amen'.\" Atkins was portrayed by Nancy Wolfe in the 1976 made-for-TV film \"Helter Skelter\", by Marguerite Moreau","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722574","text":"Atkins is released to rejoin her family, where is the justice?\" In April 2002, she told a LA Times reporter of her work to discourage teenagers from idolizing Manson and her hope of someday leaving prison to live in Laguna Beach, California. In 2003, Atkins filed a lawsuit in federal court claiming that she was a \"political prisoner\" due to the repeated denials of her parole requests regardless of her suitability. On June 1, 2005, Susan Atkins had her 17th parole hearing; this resulted in a three-year denial. She was given less than six months to live and subsequently requested","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722551","text":"project, Edward left the two children behind to fend for themselves. Susan took a job during her junior year in school to support herself and Steven. Atkins had been an average student in Leigh High School in San Jose, but her grades deteriorated when she entered Los Banos High School. During this time, she lived with various relatives. In 1967, Atkins met Manson when he played guitar at the house where she was living with several friends. When the house was raided several weeks later by the police and Atkins was left homeless, Manson invited her to join his group,","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722567","text":"to what transpired in the Tate home; however, it didn't completely match the forensics and autopsy reports. Atkins alleged that the reason that she repudiated her grand jury testimony was that \"Manson sent his followers to suggest that it might be better for me and my son if I decided not to testify against him\". She told her 1985 parole board that her son was legally adopted in either 1972 or 1973. Atkins claimed over the years that her participation in the crimes led by Manson was passive and that she did not actually kill anyone. In his 1978 memoir,","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722573","text":"to a man fifteen years her junior, James W. Whitehouse, a graduate of Harvard Law School who represented Atkins at her 2000 and 2005 parole hearings. He maintained a website dedicated to her legal representation. During Atkins' 2000 parole hearing, Sharon Tate's sister, Debra, read a statement written by their father, Paul, which said in part, \"Thirty-one years ago I sat in a courtroom with a jury and watched with others. I saw a young woman who giggled, snickered and shouted out insults; even while testifying about my daughter's last breath, she laughed. My family was ripped apart. If Susan","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722579","text":"Attorney Tony Rackauckas also opposed Atkins' release, stating that \"It would be a grave miscarriage of justice to burden the citizens of Orange County by paroling her to Orange County, where she can enjoy the comforts of her husband, home and mercy she did not show Sharon Tate [or] her unborn baby.\" The Board of Parole Hearings considered Atkins' request for compassionate release during its monthly meeting on July 15, 2008. During the 90-minute hearing, emotional pleas were made by both supporters and opponents of Atkins' release. The public hearing limited speakers' comments to five minutes each. After the board","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"7578097","text":"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \"Tramp\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \"Katy\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \"Katy\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \"Katy\", which is a modern retelling of \"What Katy Did\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \"What Katy Did\" was followed by four sequels: \"What Katy Did at School\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"7578098","text":"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \"What Katy Did Next\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \"Clover\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \"In the High Valley\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"7578094","text":"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \"What Katy Did\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \"Little Women\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \"What Katy Did\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"13579047","text":"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"13579043","text":"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"2722565","text":"8 and 9, 1969. When asked if she were willing to testify knowing that she was not being given immunity, was not being freed of any of the charges, and might incriminate herself in her trial testimony, she responded, \"I understand this, and my life doesn't mean that much to me, I just want to see what is taken care of.\" Atkins told the grand jury that she stabbed Frykowski in the legs and held Tate down while Watson stabbed her. She also testified that Tate had pleaded for her life and that of her unborn child, to which Atkins","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722564","text":"two middle-aged career criminals, Virginia Graham and Veronica \"Ronnie\" Howard, to whom she confessed her participation in the Tate/LaBianca murders (for example, telling the women that she had stabbed Tate and tasted Tate's blood). They subsequently reported her statements to the authorities. This, combined with information from other sources, led to the arrests of Atkins and others involved in the Tate/LaBianca murders (Van Houten, Krenwinkel, Kasabian, and Watson). Atkins agreed to testify for the prosecution in exchange for dropping the death penalty, and she then testified before the grand jury as to what had transpired on the nights of August","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722566","text":"replied, \"Woman, I have no mercy for you.\" Her explanation to the grand jury was that this was talking to (convince) herself, and not addressed to Tate as, \"I was told before we even got there no matter what they beg don't give them any leeway\". She also denied her earlier statement to Howard and Graham that she had tasted Tate's blood. Prior to the trial, Atkins discontinued her cooperation with the prosecution and repudiated her grand jury testimony. From the early 1970s onward however, Atkins told parole boards that her original grand jury testimony was truthful and accurate as","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"7578084","text":"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"2722578","text":"of kin of many murder victims.\" Cooley wrote that Atkins' \"horrific crimes alone warrant a denial of her request\" and that she \"failed to demonstrate genuine remorse and lacks insight and understanding of the gravity of her crimes.\" Suzan Hubbard, director of adult prisons in California, also recommended against granting Atkins' request. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger opposed Atkins' release, stating that: \"I don't believe in [compassionate release]. I think that they have to stay in, they have to serve their time ... [T]hose kinds of crimes are just so unbelievable that I'm not for the compassionate release.\" Orange County District","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722569","text":"either residence, and by several accounts had challenged Manson over the killings, the offer of immunity to her was less bitterly contested, particularly by the prosecutor, Vincent Bugliosi, who has commented that he was relieved the offer was withdrawn from Atkins. During the sentencing phase of the trial, Atkins testified that she stabbed Tate. She stated that she had stabbed Tate because she was \"sick of listening to her, pleading and begging, begging and pleading\". Little credibility was given to Atkins' testimony in general, as it frequently contradicted known facts. She claimed \"(Manson) told us that we were going to","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722582","text":"torturing her, there is nothing left anyone can do to her. The people who are suffering are the people you see in this room today.\" In July 2008, Atkins' husband, James W. Whitehouse, told the board, \"They tell me we're lucky if we have three months. It's not going to be fun. It's not going to be pretty.\" The 11 members of the California Board of Parole Hearings ultimately declined to refer to the sentencing court Atkins' request for compassionate release in a unanimous decision after final deliberations. The decision — posted on its website — meant that Atkins' request","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722575","text":"a \"compassionate release\" from prison. In June, Atkins' attorney, Eric P. Lampel, stated that Atkins' condition had deteriorated to the point that she was paralyzed on one side, could only talk \"a little bit\", and could not sit up in bed without assistance. The hearing was attended by various family members of the victims, including Debra Tate and members of the Sebring family, and they requested that her parole be denied. She received a four-year denial. In April 2008, it was revealed that Atkins had been hospitalized for more than a month with an undisclosed illness that was subsequently reported","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722572","text":"the family, her religious conversion, and her prison experiences. From 1974 onwards, Atkins said she was a born-again Christian after seeing a vision of Jesus Christ in her cell. She became active in prison programs, teaching classes and received two commendations for assisting in emergency health interventions with other inmates, one of which was a suicide attempt. Atkins married twice while in prison. Her first marriage was to Donald Lee Laisure on September 2, 1981. Atkins became the mercurial Laisure's 35th wife, but the two divorced after he sought to marry yet again. She married a second time, in 1987,","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722571","text":"murder. She pleaded guilty to the charges against her. She testified she had not known Hinman was to be robbed or killed, although she subsequently contradicted herself on this point in her 1977 autobiography. Atkins arrived on California's death row on April 23, 1971. Atkins' death sentence was automatically commuted to life in prison the next year following the California Supreme Court's \"People v. Anderson\" decision, which invalidated all death sentences imposed in California prior to 1972. In 1977, Atkins published her autobiography, \"Child of Satan, Child of God\", in which she recounted the time she spent with Manson and","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722570","text":"have to get on the stand and claim we had deliberately and remorselessly, and with no direction from him at all, committed all the murders ourselves\". Throughout the trial, Atkins and her co-defendants attempted to disrupt proceedings and were noted for both their lack of remorse for their victims and lack of concern for their own fate. They sang Manson-penned songs while being led to the courtroom. All four defendants were sentenced to death on March 29, 1971. Atkins was transferred to California's new women's death row in April 1971. After the Tate/LaBianca trial, Atkins was convicted for the Hinman","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722552","text":"who were embarking on a summer road trip in a converted school bus painted completely black. She was nicknamed \"Sadie Mae Glutz\" by Manson and a man who was creating a fake ID for her at the time. Atkins later claimed to have believed Manson was Jesus. The growing \"Manson Family\" settled at the Spahn Ranch in the San Fernando Valley in southern California, where, on October 7, 1968, Atkins bore a son by Bruce White, whom Manson called Zezozose Zadfrack Glutz. Atkins' parental rights were terminated once she was convicted of the murders and no one in her family","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722563","text":"the police raided Spahn's Ranch in connection with auto thefts. The charges were later dropped and everyone was released. Soon after their release, Manson and his followers left Spahn Ranch for Barker Ranch, another isolated location. However, the authorities were still suspicious of the group, raided the new location in October 1969, and arrested the group again on auto theft charges. It would be the last time many of them would be free. Just after this arrest, another member of the group implicated Atkins in the Hinman murder and she was charged with that crime. While in jail, Atkins befriended","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722558","text":"murders were brutal. Just prior to leaving the residence, Atkins wrote \"PIG\" on the front door in Sharon Tate's blood. The following night, August 10, 1969, Manson commented that the murders at the Tate residence had been too messy and announced he'd have to take his followers out and \"show them how it's done\". Manson called Atkins, Krenwinkel, Watson, Linda Kasabian, Leslie Van Houten, and Steve \"Clem\" Grogan, and they left Spahn's Ranch. Driving most of the night, he eventually found the home of grocery store owner Leno LaBianca and his wife Rosemary in Los Feliz, a section of northeastern","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722568","text":"Watson declared himself responsible for all of Tate's injuries, characterizing Atkins' initial confessions as exaggeration, jail house bragging, and a bid for attention, but despite this, she was overheard by Family member Barbara Hoyt cheerfully describing the Tate murders to another Family member, days after the events took place. Manson, Krenwinkel, Van Houten, and Atkins went on trial on June 15, 1970. Watson was later tried separately as he was at the time in Texas fighting extradition. Kasabian was offered, and accepted, legal immunity. As Kasabian had not played a direct part in any of the murders and never entered","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722554","text":"of Bernard \"Lotsapapa\" Crowe. Manson believed he had killed Crowe, and he further believed Crowe was a Black Panther. Neither was true. Nonetheless, Manson feared retaliation from the Black Panthers and pressured his followers for more money. During this time someone suggested that an old friend, Gary Hinman, had just inherited a large sum of money. Manson hoped Hinman could be persuaded to join the commune and contribute his purported new inheritance. Manson sent Atkins, Bobby Beausoleil, and Mary Brunner to Hinman's home on July 25, 1969. When she pleaded guilty to murder, Atkins claimed she didn't know a crime","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722583","text":"would not be forwarded to the Los Angeles Superior Court that sentenced her, which would have had the final say as to whether or not she would be released. On September 24, 2008, Atkins was transferred back to the Central California Women's Facility in Chowchilla, California to the facility's skilled nursing center. Atkins' minimum eligible parole date was October 6, 1976. Her initial parole consideration hearing was on September 14, 1976, at which time she was denied parole. Between 1976 and 2009, she was denied parole a total of 13 times. Prior to her 2009 parole hearing, a website maintained","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"3249089","text":"they had one daughter, Juliet (born 1970). They divorced in 1983. In 1991, he married fellow scientist Susan Greenfield (later Baroness Greenfield). They divorced in 2005. In 2008, he married Patricia-Jean Nobes (née Brand). Peter Atkins Peter William Atkins (born 10 August 1940) is an English chemist and a Fellow of Lincoln College at the University of Oxford. He retired in 2007. He is a prolific writer of popular chemistry textbooks, including \"Physical Chemistry\", \"Inorganic Chemistry\", and \"Molecular Quantum Mechanics\". Atkins is also the author of a number of popular science books, including \"Atkins' Molecules\", \"Galileo's Finger: The Ten Great","title":"Peter Atkins"},{"psg_id":"5436659","text":"Canadian Supreme Court's landmark decision \"R v Zundel\", when it declared that the law under which he had been charged, \"reporting false news\", was unconstitutional. \"Did Six Million Really Die?\" was banned in Germany and South Africa. In 2017 Amazon.com removed the book along with other holocaust-denying books from its US and UK sites. Did Six Million Really Die? Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym \"Richard E. Harwood\" and published in 1974 by neo-Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, another Holocaust denier","title":"Did Six Million Really Die?"},{"psg_id":"10115000","text":"on its successor, Die! Die! Die! kept touring. What seemed to the band like a reduced schedule for 2009-10 was summarised as: \"We haven’t done much touring this year. Last year we only did about three tours or so. We did one two-month European tour and one month in Europe. We did a couple of New Zealand tours and I think we only went to Australia twice last year. I think we only played Brisbane once and that was with Wolfmother.\" - Andrew Wilson, April 2010 \"Form\" - called a \"dense sounding album\" by Wilson - was released on Flying","title":"Die! Die! Die!"},{"psg_id":"5767559","text":"Mills became president of Oahu College (now known as Punahou School). Susan served as a teacher at the school, instructing in geography, geology, chemistry, and botany. They moved to California in 1864. Mills College was initially founded as the \" Young Ladies Seminary\" at Benicia in 1852. It was under the leadership of Mary Atkins, a graduate of Oberlin College. Susan and Cyrus Mills bought the grounds and organization from Atkins for $5000 in 1865. In 1866, Susan and Cyrus bought the \"Young Ladies Seminary\" and renamed it \"Mills Seminary\". In 1871 the school was moved to Oakland, California and","title":"Susan Tolman Mills"},{"psg_id":"7347822","text":"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode","title":"What Kate Did"},{"psg_id":"18937073","text":"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"18937071","text":"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"5436644","text":"Did Six Million Really Die? Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym \"Richard E. Harwood\" and published in 1974 by neo-Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, another Holocaust denier and pamphleteer. The NF denied that Verrall was the author in a 1978 edition of \"World in Action\". In 1983, Holocaust survivor Sabina Citron began a private prosecution under s.181 of the Canadian Criminal Code against Zündel, charging him with spreading false news. She was subsequently joined in her proceedings against Zündel by the","title":"Did Six Million Really Die?"},{"psg_id":"2061706","text":"at the age of 65. Atkins also represented England at the Chess Olympiads of 1927 and 1935. Playing first board for England in the London 1927 Olympiad, he scored 3 wins, 8 draws, and 1 loss (58.4%), leading the English team to what author Árpád Földeák calls an \"unexpected but well deserved\" third-place finish. England did not place this high again until Haifa 1976. At age 63, he played fourth board for England at the Warsaw 1935 Olympiad, scoring 3 wins, 6 draws, and 4 losses (46.2%). G. H. Diggle recollected of Atkins: ... we well remember his giving a","title":"Henry Ernest Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722556","text":"over the registrations to his cars and then fatally stabbed him twice. Beausoleil left a bloody hand print on the wall along with vague revolutionary words reportedly placed there in hopes of implicating the Black Panthers. Beausoleil was arrested on August 7, 1969, when he was found asleep in one of Hinman's vehicles. He was still wearing the bloodstained clothing he wore during the crime. The murder weapon was hidden in the tire well of the car's trunk. On the evening of August 8, 1969, Manson gathered Atkins, Linda Kasabian, and Patricia Krenwinkel in front of Spahn's Ranch and told","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722561","text":"Van Houten testified to this at her 1993 parole hearing). During Beausoleil's trial for the murder of Hinman, the defense, in order to discredit the prosecution's case, argued that the crimes were copycat murders made to misdirect police suspicion away from Beausoleil. The prosecution discounted this claim. In her 1977 autobiography \"Child of Satan, Child of God\", Atkins also stated that the Tate/LaBianca murders were carried out to convince authorities that Beausoleil was the wrong suspect in the Hinman case. In later years, prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi stated that he believed the murders had numerous, disparate motives, all of which served","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722577","text":"showed no mercy to her victims, we therefore are duty-bound to follow her inhumanity and show no mercy to her.\" Former prosecutor Stephen R. Kay, who prosecuted Manson supporters, opposed Atkins' release, stating: Kay also stated that he had attended about 60 parole hearings related to the murders and spent considerable time with the victims' families, witnessing their suffering. Los Angeles County District Attorney Steve Cooley stated that he was strongly opposed to the release, saying in a letter to the board it would be \"an affront to people of this state, the California criminal justice system and the next","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722557","text":"them to go with Charles \"Tex\" Watson and do as they were told. In Atkins' grand jury testimony, she stated that while in the car, Watson told the group they were going to a home to get money from the people who lived there and to kill them. Six people (includes Sharon Tate's baby) were murdered at the Benedict Canyon home where Roman Polanski and Sharon Tate lived: Tate (who was eight months pregnant), Steven Parent, Jay Sebring, Wojciech Frykowski, and Abigail Folger. Polanski, Tate's husband, was in Europe finishing work on a film project. Forensic evidence indicated that the","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2722555","text":"was going to take place, although she wrote in her 1977 book that she went to Hinman's home to get money and knew that it was possible they were going to kill him. When Hinman insisted he had not inherited any money, Beausoleil beat him severely. When this didn't change Hinman's story, Manson showed up in person, and swung at his head with a sword, slicing his face and severely cutting his ear. Manson directed Atkins and Brunner to stay behind and tend to Hinman's wounds. Two days later, and after a phone call from Manson, Beausoleil had Hinman sign","title":"Susan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"5753826","text":"album, \"Definitive Collection\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \"Paper Lace\". I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2","title":"I Did What I Did for Maria"},{"psg_id":"5753825","text":"I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation","title":"I Did What I Did for Maria"},{"psg_id":"18631584","text":"a wonderful job as Oregon's Secretary of State.\" Atkins was reportedly one of the first people Kate Brown considered for the position of secretary of state after Brown became governor in February 2015. She said after her appointment that she did not plan to run for a full term in 2016. Atkins was appointed on March 6, 2015 and formally sworn in on March 11, 2015 at 1:00 PM. In May 2017, Atkins was elected chair of the Democratic Party of Oregon, defeating Larry Taylor. Atkins resides in Cedar Hills, Oregon. She is married to John Atkins. She is originally","title":"Jeanne Atkins"},{"psg_id":"13999139","text":"innings in which he batted, and 8 not out in the second. From 11 overs of bowling, he took figures of 1–46, his only wicket being that of Mark Butcher. Atkins made a single List A appearance in the same season, though he did not bat in the match. Between 1997 and 1998, Atkins played for Cumberland in the Minor Counties Championship and MCC Trophy. Craig Atkins Craig Atkins (born 29 May 1966) was an Australian cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and left-arm slow bowler who played for Northamptonshire. He was born in Melbourne. Atkins made his Second XI","title":"Craig Atkins"},{"psg_id":"8334566","text":"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\" – 5:57 12. \"Sometimes I Laugh\" – 3:20 13. \"My Life\" – 4:45 14. \"The Sojourn of Arjuna\" – 6:29 15. \"Buzz Ntro\"","title":"What Did He Say?"},{"psg_id":"3994152","text":"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \"Fireball\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"16883030","text":"modern protein-free RNA-based life forms. In 2013 John Atkins organized installation of Charles Jencks sculpture ?What is Life? in Irish National Botanic Gardens. John F. Atkins John Atkins is a research professor at University College Cork and a member of the Royal Irish Academy since 2003. Atkins was the first Irish national to be elected as a member of the EMBO Organization. In 2002 Science Foundation Ireland appointed Atkins as its first Director of Biotechnology. Atkins is also an honorary Professor of Genetics at his alma mater Trinity College, Dublin. Shortly after Crick and Brenner established the triplet nature of","title":"John F. Atkins"},{"psg_id":"14350205","text":"start against Reading, the final game of the season. On 7 May 2011, Atkins did make his first team debut in a 2–1 defeat at Reading. Despite the result, Atkins stated that he enjoyed his first team debut. Derby confirmed their intention to offer Atkins a new contract at the club at the end of the 2010–11 season. During pre-season ahead of the 2011–12 season, Atkins trained with Burton Albion with a view to a possible season long-loan move. After impressing in training and pre-season games, Atkins completed a season-long loan move to Burton Albion on 29 July 2011, with","title":"Ross Atkins"},{"psg_id":"8334567","text":"– 0:31 16. \"A Little Buzz\" – 2:46 17. \"Kids Didn't Change\" – 0:54 18. \"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\"","title":"What Did He Say?"},{"psg_id":"10605292","text":"the throat with an icicle, causing him to drop next to the hanging cell and die. As Fenner dies, the voice of Yvonne shouting for him to let her out from the day he locked her in the hanging cell is heard. Yvonne Atkins Yvonne Atkins is a fictional character from the award-winning prison drama series \"Bad Girls\". Portrayed by Linda Henry, Yvonne first appeared in the penultimate episode of Series 1. She played a prominent role in Series 2, 3, 4 and 5 as Top Dog of G-Wing, until she was murdered by Jim Fenner (Jack Ellis) in the","title":"Yvonne Atkins"},{"psg_id":"10115010","text":"in 2015 the band recorded five tracks in a single day (with Attwell producing). They were released as an EP, \"What Did You Expect\". Die! Die! Die! and Attwell's history dated back to 2009, when Attwell's band KASMs were a UK support act. Their previous recording sessions included \"Form\" demos as well as work on \"Harmony\" and parts of \"S W I M\". He remained UK-based, unlike the other two members, so there were only short windows of time during which all three members could get together to record. \"It’s changed with Rory, because we never planned to do another","title":"Die! Die! Die!"},{"psg_id":"2440134","text":"Is What You Get\". Atkins eventually left PiL for the last time in 1985. After leaving Public Image Ltd, Atkins revived his \"Brian Brain\" project and recorded an EP at Planet Sound Studios in New York for his own, short-lived label \"Plaid Records\", which was released in July 1985. Throughout the late 1980s, the 1990s and early 2000s, Atkins performed with many bands, including Nine Inch Nails (appearing in the video for \"Head Like A Hole\"), as well as Ministry. The dual-drumming of Atkins and Bill Rieflin is captured on the live Ministry album/video \"In Case You Didn't Feel Like","title":"Martin Atkins"},{"psg_id":"11133037","text":"In 2008, Atkins' backing vocals were prominently featured on A.C. Newman's second solo album, \"Get Guilty\", released in 2009. In January 2010, Atkins and The Black Sea started recording new material at Brooklyn's Seaside Lounge studio with producer Phil Palazzolo, with whom Atkins had previously worked during sessions for \"Get Guilty\" in 2008. Several other musicians joined Atkins in the studio to record the tracks for what would become her second album, \"Mondo Amore\", including guitarist Irina Yalkowsky, drummer Mike Graham, and bassist Jeremy Kay. Graham, Oklan, Yalkowsky and Kay would form the core lineup of The Black Sea with","title":"Nicole Atkins"},{"psg_id":"7347814","text":"What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode of \"Lost\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested","title":"What Kate Did"},{"psg_id":"16918902","text":"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"16918894","text":"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"7578085","text":"up: \"What Katy Did at School\" and \"What Katy Did Next\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\"Clover\" and \"In the High Valley\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"11856928","text":"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"psg_id":"11856925","text":"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \"The Harpole Report\" and Edward","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"psg_id":"18787754","text":"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \"\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\"\" Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\" What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It","title":"What I Did Right"},{"psg_id":"3994147","text":"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first","title":"Look What I Did"},{"psg_id":"17247248","text":"Thomas has also appeared advising on corsets on ABC's Nightline in 2012 and in the same year was nominated for Cosmopolitan's Businesswoman of the Year. The brand recreates designs from the 1950s including the bullet bra, which has been worn by celebrities such as Madonna and Rihanna. What Katie Did are also known for their steel boned corsets. Models for the company include Bernie Dexter, Missy Malone, Jami Deadly and Miss Polly Rae. What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned","title":"What Katie Did (company)"},{"psg_id":"20345963","text":"in 1885 and was buried at Lake View Cemetery in Seattle. Henry A. Atkins Henry Allen Atkins (1827–1885) was an American businessman and the first Mayor of Seattle. Born in Vermont, Atkins moved to California in 1850 during the gold rush to mine for gold. He arrived in Seattle in 1858, becoming a merchant and businessman. Atkins, along with two partners, owned a steam-driven pile driver that was leased for work throughout the Puget Sound region. He helped clear land for the Territorial University campus in what is now the Metropolitan Tract in Downtown Seattle. Atkins partnered with William H.","title":"Henry A. Atkins"},{"psg_id":"20345961","text":"Henry A. Atkins Henry Allen Atkins (1827–1885) was an American businessman and the first Mayor of Seattle. Born in Vermont, Atkins moved to California in 1850 during the gold rush to mine for gold. He arrived in Seattle in 1858, becoming a merchant and businessman. Atkins, along with two partners, owned a steam-driven pile driver that was leased for work throughout the Puget Sound region. He helped clear land for the Territorial University campus in what is now the Metropolitan Tract in Downtown Seattle. Atkins partnered with William H. Shoudy, himself a future mayor, to operate a general store in","title":"Henry A. Atkins"},{"psg_id":"18631585","text":"from Bremerton, Washington. Jeanne Atkins Jeanne Paquette Atkins (born 1949/1950) is an American politician who was the 25th Secretary of State of Oregon, having been appointed on March 6, 2015, by Governor Kate Brown following Brown's ascension to the state's highest office. Atkins is a member of the Democratic Party. She did not run for a full term as Secretary of State and later became state Democratic Party chair. Atkins ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives twice, in 1992 and 1994. From 1998 until 2004, she was a division director for reproductive and women's health","title":"Jeanne Atkins"},{"psg_id":"18631581","text":"Jeanne Atkins Jeanne Paquette Atkins (born 1949/1950) is an American politician who was the 25th Secretary of State of Oregon, having been appointed on March 6, 2015, by Governor Kate Brown following Brown's ascension to the state's highest office. Atkins is a member of the Democratic Party. She did not run for a full term as Secretary of State and later became state Democratic Party chair. Atkins ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives twice, in 1992 and 1994. From 1998 until 2004, she was a division director for reproductive and women's health for the Oregon","title":"Jeanne Atkins"},{"psg_id":"95431","text":"Porter described Atkins as respectful of musicians when recording—if someone was out of tune, he would not single that person out by name. Instead, he would say something like, \"we got a little tuning problem ... Everybody check and see what's going on.\" If that did not work, Atkins would instruct Porter to turn the offending player down in the mix. When Porter left RCA in late-1964, Atkins said, \"the sound was never the same, never as great.\" Atkins's trademark \"Atkins style\" of playing uses the thumb and first two or sometimes three fingers of the right hand. He developed","title":"Chet Atkins"},{"psg_id":"7076691","text":"Knows\", was also released as a single, but did not chart. His debut album was slated for release on September 17 of the same year, but it was never released due to Atkins' dissatisfaction with his material. He discussed his dissatisfaction while sitting next to Curb Records owner Mike Curb on an airplane; Curb allowed him to switch producers, and Atkins chose Ted Hewitt, with whom he had been working on demos. Hewitt also changed Atkins' style from a cowboy appearance and a vocal style similar to Roy Orbison to a more polished appearance. Atkins, Hewitt, and Max T. Barnes","title":"Rodney Atkins"},{"psg_id":"7076689","text":"not to proceed due to surgery that Margaret had just undergone. Meanwhile, another couple adopted him, but also returned him soon after when he developed colic. After Margaret Atkins recovered, she proceeded to adopt him. Atkins did not meet his biological mother until 2008, and has never revealed her identity. The Atkins family moved frequently in his youth, eventually settling in Claiborne County, Tennessee. He attended high school at Powell Valley High in Speedwell, Tennessee. During high school, Atkins played guitar in his spare time at events and festivals. After graduating from Walters State Community College, he went to Tennessee","title":"Rodney Atkins"},{"psg_id":"13999138","text":"Craig Atkins Craig Atkins (born 29 May 1966) was an Australian cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and left-arm slow bowler who played for Northamptonshire. He was born in Melbourne. Atkins made his Second XI debut for the side during the 1990 season, though he did not make another appearance in the competition until 1994, when he played for Essex Second XI. The following month, he also played in matches for Hampshire, Leicestershire, and Northamptonshire Second XI teams. During the 1995 season, Atkins made his only first-class appearance, against Surrey. From the tailend, he scored 5 runs in the first","title":"Craig Atkins"},{"psg_id":"5436657","text":"Six Million Really Die?\" does not fit with received views of reality because it is not part of reality. Although in the end he was not required to give evidence, the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper offered to give evidence, stating that \"behind a simulated objectivity of expression, it is in fact an irresponsible and tendentious publication which avoids material evidence and presents selected half-truths and distortions for the sole purpose of sowing anti-Semitic propaganda\". Anthony Hancock re-published \"Did Six Million Really Die?\" and made a significant amount of money from doing so, to the point where he was sued for royalties","title":"Did Six Million Really Die?"},{"psg_id":"17247247","text":"What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned stockings, Thomas decided to invest in nylons to sell at The London Fetish Fair. This led to Thomas creating her own website. In 2002, What Katie Did's first reproduction of the Bullet bra was launched, the first to be produced in the country. The next year, the company opened a boutique in London Portobello. In 2010, Thomas was asked to advise on an bra of Marilyn Monroe that was put up for auction.","title":"What Katie Did (company)"},{"psg_id":"20772103","text":"Graeme Atkins (rugby league) Graeme Atkins (born 9 June 1956) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer of the 1970s and 1980s. Atkins made his first grade debut for Parramatta in the 1975 season against Western Suburbs. Atkins was a replacement in the 1976 grand final against Manly-Warringah but was in the starting side for the 1977 grand final and the subsequent replay against St George. In 1981, Atkins scored a try in Parramatta's maiden premiership victory over Newtown. In 1982, Atkins played in the preliminary final victory over Eastern Suburbs but did not feature in the grand final","title":"Graeme Atkins (rugby league)"},{"psg_id":"8751758","text":"Afternoon - The Longest Journey\", an \"Afternoon Play\" by Peter Whally broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Atkins has been heard on BBC Radio 3 in \"Dead Code - Ghosts of the Digital Age\" by Jeff Noon for BBC Radio 3. In 2005, Atkins appeared in a revival of \"Two\" by Jim Cartwright at Octagon Theatre, as the \"special guest star\" in a touring run of \"The Play What I Wrote\" and in the summer of 2006, Atkins appeared in an open air run of \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" at Stafford Castle to much acclaim and over Christmas of the same","title":"Emma Atkins"},{"psg_id":"1529950","text":"pure techno, the purest techno what is deemed as techno right now in North America and in Europe.\" Atkins' earlier works are generally considered \"electro\". Over the years, his sound matured and grew in complexity, and many of his more recent works are heavily layered rhythmic soundscapes. Today, this \"techno\" is considered its own genre. Atkins and other techno artists have cited the long-running Detroit radio show of Charles \"Electrifyin' Mojo\" Johnson as a musical influence. Electrifying Mojo, a local legend in radio, played an eclectic mix of music including Parliament, Kraftwerk, and Prince. Atkins and May got their start","title":"Juan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"2440138","text":"the Madison Media Institute in Madison, Wisconsin. Atkins has announced plans to take his lecturing further by eventually opening a school of his own. He is also a former department chairman for a music business program he designed at SAE Chicago. He now is the acting Music Business program coordinator at Millikin University in Decatur, IL. Atkins has held a number of seminars at Tech Music Schools (Drumtech, Vocaltech, Guitar-X and Keyboardtech) in London, with more planned for the future. Atkins has written what he calls, \"the first real book on touring\". The book \"Tour:Smart\", featured contributions from Henry Rollins,","title":"Martin Atkins"},{"psg_id":"1529947","text":"the direction that Atkins would pursue with what would later be called his \"techno\" music. The song took Kraftwerk-like electronic elements and fused them with club music. Atkins considered Cybotron's most successful single, \"Techno City\" (1984), to be a unique, synthesized funk composition. After later hearing Afrika Bambaataa's \"Planet Rock\" (1982), which he considered to be a superior example of the electro funk style he was aiming for, he resolved to continue experimenting, and encouraged Saunderson and May to do the same. In 1985, Atkins left the group due to artistic differences with bandmate Rick Davis. Davis wanted the group","title":"Juan Atkins"},{"psg_id":"7076698","text":"Atkins' vocals on the singles. A mixed review came from \"Country Standard Time\", whose Robert Loy criticized Atkins for singing \"about what a good ol' boy he is\" on several songs, but adding that \"it's fairly obvious he's at least as country as anybody else on the charts these days\". Atkins's thirteenth single, \"It's America\", was released in November 2008. It was the first single from his third album, \"It's America\", released in March 2009. Atkins promoted the album through appearances on \"Larry King Live\" and a pre-sale promotion on his website. On the chart dated May 2, 2009, \"It's","title":"Rodney Atkins"},{"psg_id":"6040707","text":"The song also features on the mini-album \"The End Of A Beautiful Career\". Why Did You Let My Kitten Die? \"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?\" is a song by Angelica, released as the band's second single. It had a limited release of 1000 copies on Fantastic Plastic Records and was voted Alternative Record of the Year by BBC Radio 1's \"Evening Session\" audience. The title track is a reference to the 1961 film \"Whistle Down the Wind\", in which a group of children believe an escaped convict to be Jesus. The children give him a kitten to protect","title":"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?"},{"psg_id":"6040706","text":"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die? \"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?\" is a song by Angelica, released as the band's second single. It had a limited release of 1000 copies on Fantastic Plastic Records and was voted Alternative Record of the Year by BBC Radio 1's \"Evening Session\" audience. The title track is a reference to the 1961 film \"Whistle Down the Wind\", in which a group of children believe an escaped convict to be Jesus. The children give him a kitten to protect but when the kitten dies they question whether he is who they believe.","title":"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?"},{"psg_id":"12418043","text":"Going Through Hell\". \"It's America\" (2009) and \"Take a Back Road\" (2011) also included number 1 singles in their respective title tracks, with a re-issue of the latter also containing the top 5 hit \"Farmer's Daughter\". Notes Rodney Atkins discography The discography of Rodney Atkins, an American country music singer, consists of 4 studio albums and 20 singles. Although Atkins first entered the Country Airplay charts in 1997 with \"In a Heartbeat\", he did not reach top 40 until 2002. His first top 5 hit, \"Honesty (Write Me a List)\", came in late 2003-early 2004. Between 2006 and 2008, Atkins","title":"Rodney Atkins discography"},{"psg_id":"12418042","text":"Rodney Atkins discography The discography of Rodney Atkins, an American country music singer, consists of 4 studio albums and 20 singles. Although Atkins first entered the Country Airplay charts in 1997 with \"In a Heartbeat\", he did not reach top 40 until 2002. His first top 5 hit, \"Honesty (Write Me a List)\", came in late 2003-early 2004. Between 2006 and 2008, Atkins charted four straight number 1 singles: \"If You're Going Through Hell (Before the Devil Even Knows)\", \"Watching You\", \"These Are My People\" and \"Cleaning This Gun (Come On In Boy)\", all from his second album, \"If You're","title":"Rodney Atkins discography"},{"psg_id":"95419","text":"the honorary degree CGP (\"Certified Guitar Player\"). In 2011, his daughter Merle Atkins Russell bestowed the CGP degree on his longtime sideman Paul Yandell. She then declared no more CGPs would be allowed by the Atkins estate. His half-brother, Jim, was a successful guitarist who worked with the Les Paul Trio in New York. Atkins did not have a strong style of his own until 1939, when (while still living in Georgia) he heard Merle Travis picking over WLW radio. This early influence dramatically shaped his unique playing style. Whereas Travis's right hand used his index finger for the melody","title":"Chet Atkins"},{"psg_id":"7973700","text":"John DeWitt Clinton Atkins John DeWitt Clinton Atkins (June 4, 1825 – June 2, 1908) was an American politician and a member of both the United States House of Representatives and Confederate Congress from Tennessee. Atkins was born at Manly's Chapel, Tennessee, in Henry County the son of John Atkins and Sarah (Manley) Atkins. He attended a private school in Paris, Tennessee, graduated from East Tennessee University at Knoxville in 1846. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar, but he did not practice, instead engaging in agricultural pursuits. He married Elizabeth Bacon Porter on November 23, 1847. After","title":"John DeWitt Clinton Atkins"},{"psg_id":"11171810","text":"Dawn Atkins (romantic novelist) Dawn Atkins is an American author of contemporary romance novels. Dawn Atkins has been writing since childhood. In the early 1980s she sold the first of her work, several romance short stories which were published by \"True Love\" magazine. She then wrote her first romance novel, which was rejected by publishers. For the next 13 years, Atkins did not write. She filled her time teaching second and third graders. Eventually she began rewriting her first novel, which was rejected by several agents in its new form. Atkins kept writing, and her third completed manuscript was published","title":"Dawn Atkins (romantic novelist)"},{"psg_id":"869427","text":"a low-carbohydrate approach published by Alfred W. Pennington, based on research Pennington did during World War II at DuPont. The Atkins diet is promoted with questionable claims that carbohydrate restriction is the \"key\" to weight loss. In his early books such as \"Dr Atkins' New Diet Revolution\", Atkins made the controversial argument that the low-carbohydrate diet produces a metabolic advantage because \"burning fat takes more calories so you expend more calories\". He cited one study in which he estimated this advantage to be 950 Calories (4.0 MJ) per day. A review study published in \"Lancet\" concluded that there was no","title":"Atkins diet"},{"psg_id":"7076705","text":"November 10, 2013. Their son, Ryder Falcon Atkins, was born to the couple on December 14, 2017. Studio albums Compilation albums Number-one singles Rodney Atkins Rodney Allan Atkins (born March 28, 1969) is an American country music artist. Signed to Curb Records in 1996, he charted his first single on the \"Billboard\" country chart in 1997, but did not release an album until 2003's \"Honesty\", which included the number 4 hit \"Honesty (Write Me a List)\". \"If You're Going Through Hell\", his second album, was released in 2006. Its first two singles, \"If You're Going Through Hell (Before the Devil","title":"Rodney Atkins"},{"psg_id":"10149533","text":"You Know What You Did \"You Know What You Did\" is the first episode of the third season of \"The Hills\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi Montag after suspecting that Heidi and her boyfriend Spencer Pratt fabricated rumors of a sex tape involving Lauren and her ex-boyfriend Jason Wahler. The ensuing feud between the women becomes a central focus of the series, and is carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad appears. \"You Know What You Did\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam","title":"You Know What You Did"},{"psg_id":"9304177","text":"Die Hand Die Verletzt \"Die Hand Die Verletzt\" is the fourteenth episode of the second season of the science fiction television series \"The X-Files\". It premiered on the Fox network on January 27, 1995. It was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong, directed by Kim Manners, and featured guest appearances by Susan Blommaert, Dan Butler, and Heather McComb. The episode is a \"Monster-of-the-Week\" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. \"Die Hand Die Verletzt\" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.7, being watched by 10.2 million households in its initial broadcast. The episode received positive reviews, with many critics","title":"Die Hand Die Verletzt"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722580\",\n \"text\": \"heard the case (as well as other agenda items), it retired to closed session for final deliberations. Due to her failing health, Atkins herself did not attend the hearing. Debra Tate, the only surviving immediate relative of murder victim Sharon Tate, spoke in opposition to a compassionate release for Atkins, stating, \\\"She will be set free when judged by God. It's important that she die in incarceration.\\\" Pam Turner, a niece of Sharon Tate, also opposed Atkins' release, stating, \\\"If she were capable of comprehending what our family's been through, she would be ashamed to come before this parole board\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18479183\",\n \"text\": \"Susan Atkins (civil servant) Susan Ruth Elizabeth Atkins CB (née Prickett, born 4 March 1952) is a British civil servant. Susan Atkins graduated from Birmingham University with an LLB in Law in 1973. Atkins trained as a solicitor in local government. She was a law academic for 12 years, specialising in anti-discrimination law. She joined the civil service in 1989. Atkins was appointed in 2007 to be the first independent Service Complaints Commissioner for the Armed Forces. Atkins is also a non-executive director of the Quality Assurance Agency and of the Leadership Foundation for Higher Education. Susan Atkins was appointed\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins (civil servant)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722548\",\n \"text\": \"Susan Atkins Susan Denise Atkins (May 7, 1948 – September 24, 2009) was a convicted American murderer who was a member of Charles Manson's \\\"Family\\\". Manson's followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations in California, over a period of five weeks in the summer of 1969. Known within the Manson family as Sadie Mae Glutz or Sexy Sadie, Atkins was convicted for her participation in eight of these killings, including the most notorious, the Tate murders. She was sentenced to death, which was subsequently commuted to life imprisonment. Atkins was incarcerated from October 1, 1969, until her\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722581\",\n \"text\": \"and ask such a request.\\\" Anthony DiMaria, the nephew of murder victim Thomas Jay Sebring, also opposed Atkins' release, stating, \\\"You will hear various opinions with respect to this today, but you will hear nothing from the nine people who lie in their graves and suffered horrendous deaths at the hands of Susan Atkins.\\\" Gloria Goodwin Killian, director of ACWIP (Action Committee for Women in Prison) and a Pasadena legal researcher and prisoner advocate, spoke in support for Atkins' compassionate release, arguing, \\\"Susan has been punished all that she can be. Short of going out to the hospital and physically\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722550\",\n \"text\": \"Cambrian Park area of San Jose, California. She was described by those who knew her as a quiet, self-conscious girl who belonged to her school's glee club and the local church choir. Two weeks before her mother was hospitalized for the final time, Susan arranged for members of the church choir to sing Christmas carols under her bedroom window. After Jeanette Atkins' death, relatives were asked to help look after Susan and her two brothers. Edward Atkins eventually moved to Los Banos, California, with Susan and her younger brother Steven. When he found work on the San Luis Dam construction\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18479184\",\n \"text\": \"the first Chief Executive of the Independent Police Complaints Commission in 2003. Her previous posts include Deputy Chief Executive of the Equal Opportunities Commission, Departmental Equal Opportunities Officer for the Home Office and Director of the Women and Equality Unit in the Cabinet Office. She has also been a Visiting Professor at Southampton University. Atkins was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to Armed Service Personnel. Susan Atkins (civil servant) Susan Ruth Elizabeth Atkins CB (née Prickett, born 4 March 1952) is a British civil servant. Susan Atkins graduated\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins (civil servant)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722585\",\n \"text\": \"in that film's 2004 remake, as well as by Maureen Allisse in \\\"The Manson Family\\\" (2003), by Anjelica Scannura in \\\"Manson, My Name Is Evil\\\" (2009), by Devanny Pinn in \\\"House of Manson\\\" (2014), by Ambyr Childers in the 2015 TV series \\\"Aquarius\\\", and by Sarah Paulson in \\\"\\\". Susan Atkins Susan Denise Atkins (May 7, 1948 – September 24, 2009) was a convicted American murderer who was a member of Charles Manson's \\\"Family\\\". Manson's followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations in California, over a period of five weeks in the summer of 1969. Known within\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722584\",\n \"text\": \"by Atkins' husband claimed that she was paralyzed over 85 percent of her body and unable to sit up or be transferred to a wheelchair. For the final time, Atkins was denied parole on September 2, 2009. Susan Atkins died on September 24, 2009, at the Central California Women's facility in Chowchilla. A prison spokesperson announced to reporters that her cause of death was listed as natural causes. Her husband, James Whitehouse, subsequently released a statement saying that \\\"Her last whispered word was 'Amen'.\\\" Atkins was portrayed by Nancy Wolfe in the 1976 made-for-TV film \\\"Helter Skelter\\\", by Marguerite Moreau\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722574\",\n \"text\": \"Atkins is released to rejoin her family, where is the justice?\\\" In April 2002, she told a LA Times reporter of her work to discourage teenagers from idolizing Manson and her hope of someday leaving prison to live in Laguna Beach, California. In 2003, Atkins filed a lawsuit in federal court claiming that she was a \\\"political prisoner\\\" due to the repeated denials of her parole requests regardless of her suitability. On June 1, 2005, Susan Atkins had her 17th parole hearing; this resulted in a three-year denial. She was given less than six months to live and subsequently requested\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722551\",\n \"text\": \"project, Edward left the two children behind to fend for themselves. Susan took a job during her junior year in school to support herself and Steven. Atkins had been an average student in Leigh High School in San Jose, but her grades deteriorated when she entered Los Banos High School. During this time, she lived with various relatives. In 1967, Atkins met Manson when he played guitar at the house where she was living with several friends. When the house was raided several weeks later by the police and Atkins was left homeless, Manson invited her to join his group,\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722567\",\n \"text\": \"to what transpired in the Tate home; however, it didn't completely match the forensics and autopsy reports. Atkins alleged that the reason that she repudiated her grand jury testimony was that \\\"Manson sent his followers to suggest that it might be better for me and my son if I decided not to testify against him\\\". She told her 1985 parole board that her son was legally adopted in either 1972 or 1973. Atkins claimed over the years that her participation in the crimes led by Manson was passive and that she did not actually kill anyone. In his 1978 memoir,\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722573\",\n \"text\": \"to a man fifteen years her junior, James W. Whitehouse, a graduate of Harvard Law School who represented Atkins at her 2000 and 2005 parole hearings. He maintained a website dedicated to her legal representation. During Atkins' 2000 parole hearing, Sharon Tate's sister, Debra, read a statement written by their father, Paul, which said in part, \\\"Thirty-one years ago I sat in a courtroom with a jury and watched with others. I saw a young woman who giggled, snickered and shouted out insults; even while testifying about my daughter's last breath, she laughed. My family was ripped apart. If Susan\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722579\",\n \"text\": \"Attorney Tony Rackauckas also opposed Atkins' release, stating that \\\"It would be a grave miscarriage of justice to burden the citizens of Orange County by paroling her to Orange County, where she can enjoy the comforts of her husband, home and mercy she did not show Sharon Tate [or] her unborn baby.\\\" The Board of Parole Hearings considered Atkins' request for compassionate release during its monthly meeting on July 15, 2008. During the 90-minute hearing, emotional pleas were made by both supporters and opponents of Atkins' release. The public hearing limited speakers' comments to five minutes each. After the board\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578097\",\n \"text\": \"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \\\"Tramp\\\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \\\"Katy\\\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \\\"Katy\\\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \\\"Katy\\\", which is a modern retelling of \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" was followed by four sequels: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578094\",\n \"text\": \"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \\\"What Katy Did\\\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \\\"Little Women\\\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579047\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579043\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722565\",\n \"text\": \"8 and 9, 1969. When asked if she were willing to testify knowing that she was not being given immunity, was not being freed of any of the charges, and might incriminate herself in her trial testimony, she responded, \\\"I understand this, and my life doesn't mean that much to me, I just want to see what is taken care of.\\\" Atkins told the grand jury that she stabbed Frykowski in the legs and held Tate down while Watson stabbed her. She also testified that Tate had pleaded for her life and that of her unborn child, to which Atkins\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722564\",\n \"text\": \"two middle-aged career criminals, Virginia Graham and Veronica \\\"Ronnie\\\" Howard, to whom she confessed her participation in the Tate/LaBianca murders (for example, telling the women that she had stabbed Tate and tasted Tate's blood). They subsequently reported her statements to the authorities. This, combined with information from other sources, led to the arrests of Atkins and others involved in the Tate/LaBianca murders (Van Houten, Krenwinkel, Kasabian, and Watson). Atkins agreed to testify for the prosecution in exchange for dropping the death penalty, and she then testified before the grand jury as to what had transpired on the nights of August\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722566\",\n \"text\": \"replied, \\\"Woman, I have no mercy for you.\\\" Her explanation to the grand jury was that this was talking to (convince) herself, and not addressed to Tate as, \\\"I was told before we even got there no matter what they beg don't give them any leeway\\\". She also denied her earlier statement to Howard and Graham that she had tasted Tate's blood. Prior to the trial, Atkins discontinued her cooperation with the prosecution and repudiated her grand jury testimony. From the early 1970s onward however, Atkins told parole boards that her original grand jury testimony was truthful and accurate as\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578084\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722578\",\n \"text\": \"of kin of many murder victims.\\\" Cooley wrote that Atkins' \\\"horrific crimes alone warrant a denial of her request\\\" and that she \\\"failed to demonstrate genuine remorse and lacks insight and understanding of the gravity of her crimes.\\\" Suzan Hubbard, director of adult prisons in California, also recommended against granting Atkins' request. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger opposed Atkins' release, stating that: \\\"I don't believe in [compassionate release]. I think that they have to stay in, they have to serve their time ... [T]hose kinds of crimes are just so unbelievable that I'm not for the compassionate release.\\\" Orange County District\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722569\",\n \"text\": \"either residence, and by several accounts had challenged Manson over the killings, the offer of immunity to her was less bitterly contested, particularly by the prosecutor, Vincent Bugliosi, who has commented that he was relieved the offer was withdrawn from Atkins. During the sentencing phase of the trial, Atkins testified that she stabbed Tate. She stated that she had stabbed Tate because she was \\\"sick of listening to her, pleading and begging, begging and pleading\\\". Little credibility was given to Atkins' testimony in general, as it frequently contradicted known facts. She claimed \\\"(Manson) told us that we were going to\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722582\",\n \"text\": \"torturing her, there is nothing left anyone can do to her. The people who are suffering are the people you see in this room today.\\\" In July 2008, Atkins' husband, James W. Whitehouse, told the board, \\\"They tell me we're lucky if we have three months. It's not going to be fun. It's not going to be pretty.\\\" The 11 members of the California Board of Parole Hearings ultimately declined to refer to the sentencing court Atkins' request for compassionate release in a unanimous decision after final deliberations. The decision — posted on its website — meant that Atkins' request\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722575\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"compassionate release\\\" from prison. In June, Atkins' attorney, Eric P. Lampel, stated that Atkins' condition had deteriorated to the point that she was paralyzed on one side, could only talk \\\"a little bit\\\", and could not sit up in bed without assistance. The hearing was attended by various family members of the victims, including Debra Tate and members of the Sebring family, and they requested that her parole be denied. She received a four-year denial. In April 2008, it was revealed that Atkins had been hospitalized for more than a month with an undisclosed illness that was subsequently reported\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722572\",\n \"text\": \"the family, her religious conversion, and her prison experiences. From 1974 onwards, Atkins said she was a born-again Christian after seeing a vision of Jesus Christ in her cell. She became active in prison programs, teaching classes and received two commendations for assisting in emergency health interventions with other inmates, one of which was a suicide attempt. Atkins married twice while in prison. Her first marriage was to Donald Lee Laisure on September 2, 1981. Atkins became the mercurial Laisure's 35th wife, but the two divorced after he sought to marry yet again. She married a second time, in 1987,\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722571\",\n \"text\": \"murder. She pleaded guilty to the charges against her. She testified she had not known Hinman was to be robbed or killed, although she subsequently contradicted herself on this point in her 1977 autobiography. Atkins arrived on California's death row on April 23, 1971. Atkins' death sentence was automatically commuted to life in prison the next year following the California Supreme Court's \\\"People v. Anderson\\\" decision, which invalidated all death sentences imposed in California prior to 1972. In 1977, Atkins published her autobiography, \\\"Child of Satan, Child of God\\\", in which she recounted the time she spent with Manson and\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722570\",\n \"text\": \"have to get on the stand and claim we had deliberately and remorselessly, and with no direction from him at all, committed all the murders ourselves\\\". Throughout the trial, Atkins and her co-defendants attempted to disrupt proceedings and were noted for both their lack of remorse for their victims and lack of concern for their own fate. They sang Manson-penned songs while being led to the courtroom. All four defendants were sentenced to death on March 29, 1971. Atkins was transferred to California's new women's death row in April 1971. After the Tate/LaBianca trial, Atkins was convicted for the Hinman\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722552\",\n \"text\": \"who were embarking on a summer road trip in a converted school bus painted completely black. She was nicknamed \\\"Sadie Mae Glutz\\\" by Manson and a man who was creating a fake ID for her at the time. Atkins later claimed to have believed Manson was Jesus. The growing \\\"Manson Family\\\" settled at the Spahn Ranch in the San Fernando Valley in southern California, where, on October 7, 1968, Atkins bore a son by Bruce White, whom Manson called Zezozose Zadfrack Glutz. Atkins' parental rights were terminated once she was convicted of the murders and no one in her family\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722563\",\n \"text\": \"the police raided Spahn's Ranch in connection with auto thefts. The charges were later dropped and everyone was released. Soon after their release, Manson and his followers left Spahn Ranch for Barker Ranch, another isolated location. However, the authorities were still suspicious of the group, raided the new location in October 1969, and arrested the group again on auto theft charges. It would be the last time many of them would be free. Just after this arrest, another member of the group implicated Atkins in the Hinman murder and she was charged with that crime. While in jail, Atkins befriended\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722558\",\n \"text\": \"murders were brutal. Just prior to leaving the residence, Atkins wrote \\\"PIG\\\" on the front door in Sharon Tate's blood. The following night, August 10, 1969, Manson commented that the murders at the Tate residence had been too messy and announced he'd have to take his followers out and \\\"show them how it's done\\\". Manson called Atkins, Krenwinkel, Watson, Linda Kasabian, Leslie Van Houten, and Steve \\\"Clem\\\" Grogan, and they left Spahn's Ranch. Driving most of the night, he eventually found the home of grocery store owner Leno LaBianca and his wife Rosemary in Los Feliz, a section of northeastern\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722568\",\n \"text\": \"Watson declared himself responsible for all of Tate's injuries, characterizing Atkins' initial confessions as exaggeration, jail house bragging, and a bid for attention, but despite this, she was overheard by Family member Barbara Hoyt cheerfully describing the Tate murders to another Family member, days after the events took place. Manson, Krenwinkel, Van Houten, and Atkins went on trial on June 15, 1970. Watson was later tried separately as he was at the time in Texas fighting extradition. Kasabian was offered, and accepted, legal immunity. As Kasabian had not played a direct part in any of the murders and never entered\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722554\",\n \"text\": \"of Bernard \\\"Lotsapapa\\\" Crowe. Manson believed he had killed Crowe, and he further believed Crowe was a Black Panther. Neither was true. Nonetheless, Manson feared retaliation from the Black Panthers and pressured his followers for more money. During this time someone suggested that an old friend, Gary Hinman, had just inherited a large sum of money. Manson hoped Hinman could be persuaded to join the commune and contribute his purported new inheritance. Manson sent Atkins, Bobby Beausoleil, and Mary Brunner to Hinman's home on July 25, 1969. When she pleaded guilty to murder, Atkins claimed she didn't know a crime\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722583\",\n \"text\": \"would not be forwarded to the Los Angeles Superior Court that sentenced her, which would have had the final say as to whether or not she would be released. On September 24, 2008, Atkins was transferred back to the Central California Women's Facility in Chowchilla, California to the facility's skilled nursing center. Atkins' minimum eligible parole date was October 6, 1976. Her initial parole consideration hearing was on September 14, 1976, at which time she was denied parole. Between 1976 and 2009, she was denied parole a total of 13 times. Prior to her 2009 parole hearing, a website maintained\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3249089\",\n \"text\": \"they had one daughter, Juliet (born 1970). They divorced in 1983. In 1991, he married fellow scientist Susan Greenfield (later Baroness Greenfield). They divorced in 2005. In 2008, he married Patricia-Jean Nobes (née Brand). Peter Atkins Peter William Atkins (born 10 August 1940) is an English chemist and a Fellow of Lincoln College at the University of Oxford. He retired in 2007. He is a prolific writer of popular chemistry textbooks, including \\\"Physical Chemistry\\\", \\\"Inorganic Chemistry\\\", and \\\"Molecular Quantum Mechanics\\\". Atkins is also the author of a number of popular science books, including \\\"Atkins' Molecules\\\", \\\"Galileo's Finger: The Ten Great\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5436659\",\n \"text\": \"Canadian Supreme Court's landmark decision \\\"R v Zundel\\\", when it declared that the law under which he had been charged, \\\"reporting false news\\\", was unconstitutional. \\\"Did Six Million Really Die?\\\" was banned in Germany and South Africa. In 2017 Amazon.com removed the book along with other holocaust-denying books from its US and UK sites. Did Six Million Really Die? Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym \\\"Richard E. Harwood\\\" and published in 1974 by neo-Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, another Holocaust denier\",\n \"title\": \"Did Six Million Really Die?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10115000\",\n \"text\": \"on its successor, Die! Die! Die! kept touring. What seemed to the band like a reduced schedule for 2009-10 was summarised as: \\\"We haven’t done much touring this year. Last year we only did about three tours or so. We did one two-month European tour and one month in Europe. We did a couple of New Zealand tours and I think we only went to Australia twice last year. I think we only played Brisbane once and that was with Wolfmother.\\\" - Andrew Wilson, April 2010 \\\"Form\\\" - called a \\\"dense sounding album\\\" by Wilson - was released on Flying\",\n \"title\": \"Die! Die! Die!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5767559\",\n \"text\": \"Mills became president of Oahu College (now known as Punahou School). Susan served as a teacher at the school, instructing in geography, geology, chemistry, and botany. They moved to California in 1864. Mills College was initially founded as the \\\" Young Ladies Seminary\\\" at Benicia in 1852. It was under the leadership of Mary Atkins, a graduate of Oberlin College. Susan and Cyrus Mills bought the grounds and organization from Atkins for $5000 in 1865. In 1866, Susan and Cyrus bought the \\\"Young Ladies Seminary\\\" and renamed it \\\"Mills Seminary\\\". In 1871 the school was moved to Oakland, California and\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Tolman Mills\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347822\",\n \"text\": \"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937073\",\n \"text\": \"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\\\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937071\",\n \"text\": \"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5436644\",\n \"text\": \"Did Six Million Really Die? Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym \\\"Richard E. Harwood\\\" and published in 1974 by neo-Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, another Holocaust denier and pamphleteer. The NF denied that Verrall was the author in a 1978 edition of \\\"World in Action\\\". In 1983, Holocaust survivor Sabina Citron began a private prosecution under s.181 of the Canadian Criminal Code against Zündel, charging him with spreading false news. She was subsequently joined in her proceedings against Zündel by the\",\n \"title\": \"Did Six Million Really Die?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2061706\",\n \"text\": \"at the age of 65. Atkins also represented England at the Chess Olympiads of 1927 and 1935. Playing first board for England in the London 1927 Olympiad, he scored 3 wins, 8 draws, and 1 loss (58.4%), leading the English team to what author Árpád Földeák calls an \\\"unexpected but well deserved\\\" third-place finish. England did not place this high again until Haifa 1976. At age 63, he played fourth board for England at the Warsaw 1935 Olympiad, scoring 3 wins, 6 draws, and 4 losses (46.2%). G. H. Diggle recollected of Atkins: ... we well remember his giving a\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Ernest Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722556\",\n \"text\": \"over the registrations to his cars and then fatally stabbed him twice. Beausoleil left a bloody hand print on the wall along with vague revolutionary words reportedly placed there in hopes of implicating the Black Panthers. Beausoleil was arrested on August 7, 1969, when he was found asleep in one of Hinman's vehicles. He was still wearing the bloodstained clothing he wore during the crime. The murder weapon was hidden in the tire well of the car's trunk. On the evening of August 8, 1969, Manson gathered Atkins, Linda Kasabian, and Patricia Krenwinkel in front of Spahn's Ranch and told\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722561\",\n \"text\": \"Van Houten testified to this at her 1993 parole hearing). During Beausoleil's trial for the murder of Hinman, the defense, in order to discredit the prosecution's case, argued that the crimes were copycat murders made to misdirect police suspicion away from Beausoleil. The prosecution discounted this claim. In her 1977 autobiography \\\"Child of Satan, Child of God\\\", Atkins also stated that the Tate/LaBianca murders were carried out to convince authorities that Beausoleil was the wrong suspect in the Hinman case. In later years, prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi stated that he believed the murders had numerous, disparate motives, all of which served\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722577\",\n \"text\": \"showed no mercy to her victims, we therefore are duty-bound to follow her inhumanity and show no mercy to her.\\\" Former prosecutor Stephen R. Kay, who prosecuted Manson supporters, opposed Atkins' release, stating: Kay also stated that he had attended about 60 parole hearings related to the murders and spent considerable time with the victims' families, witnessing their suffering. Los Angeles County District Attorney Steve Cooley stated that he was strongly opposed to the release, saying in a letter to the board it would be \\\"an affront to people of this state, the California criminal justice system and the next\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722557\",\n \"text\": \"them to go with Charles \\\"Tex\\\" Watson and do as they were told. In Atkins' grand jury testimony, she stated that while in the car, Watson told the group they were going to a home to get money from the people who lived there and to kill them. Six people (includes Sharon Tate's baby) were murdered at the Benedict Canyon home where Roman Polanski and Sharon Tate lived: Tate (who was eight months pregnant), Steven Parent, Jay Sebring, Wojciech Frykowski, and Abigail Folger. Polanski, Tate's husband, was in Europe finishing work on a film project. Forensic evidence indicated that the\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2722555\",\n \"text\": \"was going to take place, although she wrote in her 1977 book that she went to Hinman's home to get money and knew that it was possible they were going to kill him. When Hinman insisted he had not inherited any money, Beausoleil beat him severely. When this didn't change Hinman's story, Manson showed up in person, and swung at his head with a sword, slicing his face and severely cutting his ear. Manson directed Atkins and Brunner to stay behind and tend to Hinman's wounds. Two days later, and after a phone call from Manson, Beausoleil had Hinman sign\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753826\",\n \"text\": \"album, \\\"Definitive Collection\\\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \\\"Paper Lace\\\". I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753825\",\n \"text\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18631584\",\n \"text\": \"a wonderful job as Oregon's Secretary of State.\\\" Atkins was reportedly one of the first people Kate Brown considered for the position of secretary of state after Brown became governor in February 2015. She said after her appointment that she did not plan to run for a full term in 2016. Atkins was appointed on March 6, 2015 and formally sworn in on March 11, 2015 at 1:00 PM. In May 2017, Atkins was elected chair of the Democratic Party of Oregon, defeating Larry Taylor. Atkins resides in Cedar Hills, Oregon. She is married to John Atkins. She is originally\",\n \"title\": \"Jeanne Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13999139\",\n \"text\": \"innings in which he batted, and 8 not out in the second. From 11 overs of bowling, he took figures of 1–46, his only wicket being that of Mark Butcher. Atkins made a single List A appearance in the same season, though he did not bat in the match. Between 1997 and 1998, Atkins played for Cumberland in the Minor Counties Championship and MCC Trophy. Craig Atkins Craig Atkins (born 29 May 1966) was an Australian cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and left-arm slow bowler who played for Northamptonshire. He was born in Melbourne. Atkins made his Second XI\",\n \"title\": \"Craig Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8334566\",\n \"text\": \"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\" – 5:57 12. \\\"Sometimes I Laugh\\\" – 3:20 13. \\\"My Life\\\" – 4:45 14. \\\"The Sojourn of Arjuna\\\" – 6:29 15. \\\"Buzz Ntro\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994152\",\n \"text\": \"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\\\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \\\"Fireball\\\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16883030\",\n \"text\": \"modern protein-free RNA-based life forms. In 2013 John Atkins organized installation of Charles Jencks sculpture ?What is Life? in Irish National Botanic Gardens. John F. Atkins John Atkins is a research professor at University College Cork and a member of the Royal Irish Academy since 2003. Atkins was the first Irish national to be elected as a member of the EMBO Organization. In 2002 Science Foundation Ireland appointed Atkins as its first Director of Biotechnology. Atkins is also an honorary Professor of Genetics at his alma mater Trinity College, Dublin. Shortly after Crick and Brenner established the triplet nature of\",\n \"title\": \"John F. Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14350205\",\n \"text\": \"start against Reading, the final game of the season. On 7 May 2011, Atkins did make his first team debut in a 2–1 defeat at Reading. Despite the result, Atkins stated that he enjoyed his first team debut. Derby confirmed their intention to offer Atkins a new contract at the club at the end of the 2010–11 season. During pre-season ahead of the 2011–12 season, Atkins trained with Burton Albion with a view to a possible season long-loan move. After impressing in training and pre-season games, Atkins completed a season-long loan move to Burton Albion on 29 July 2011, with\",\n \"title\": \"Ross Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8334567\",\n \"text\": \"– 0:31 16. \\\"A Little Buzz\\\" – 2:46 17. \\\"Kids Didn't Change\\\" – 0:54 18. \\\"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\\\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10605292\",\n \"text\": \"the throat with an icicle, causing him to drop next to the hanging cell and die. As Fenner dies, the voice of Yvonne shouting for him to let her out from the day he locked her in the hanging cell is heard. Yvonne Atkins Yvonne Atkins is a fictional character from the award-winning prison drama series \\\"Bad Girls\\\". Portrayed by Linda Henry, Yvonne first appeared in the penultimate episode of Series 1. She played a prominent role in Series 2, 3, 4 and 5 as Top Dog of G-Wing, until she was murdered by Jim Fenner (Jack Ellis) in the\",\n \"title\": \"Yvonne Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10115010\",\n \"text\": \"in 2015 the band recorded five tracks in a single day (with Attwell producing). They were released as an EP, \\\"What Did You Expect\\\". Die! Die! Die! and Attwell's history dated back to 2009, when Attwell's band KASMs were a UK support act. Their previous recording sessions included \\\"Form\\\" demos as well as work on \\\"Harmony\\\" and parts of \\\"S W I M\\\". He remained UK-based, unlike the other two members, so there were only short windows of time during which all three members could get together to record. \\\"It’s changed with Rory, because we never planned to do another\",\n \"title\": \"Die! Die! Die!\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2440134\",\n \"text\": \"Is What You Get\\\". Atkins eventually left PiL for the last time in 1985. After leaving Public Image Ltd, Atkins revived his \\\"Brian Brain\\\" project and recorded an EP at Planet Sound Studios in New York for his own, short-lived label \\\"Plaid Records\\\", which was released in July 1985. Throughout the late 1980s, the 1990s and early 2000s, Atkins performed with many bands, including Nine Inch Nails (appearing in the video for \\\"Head Like A Hole\\\"), as well as Ministry. The dual-drumming of Atkins and Bill Rieflin is captured on the live Ministry album/video \\\"In Case You Didn't Feel Like\",\n \"title\": \"Martin Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11133037\",\n \"text\": \"In 2008, Atkins' backing vocals were prominently featured on A.C. Newman's second solo album, \\\"Get Guilty\\\", released in 2009. In January 2010, Atkins and The Black Sea started recording new material at Brooklyn's Seaside Lounge studio with producer Phil Palazzolo, with whom Atkins had previously worked during sessions for \\\"Get Guilty\\\" in 2008. Several other musicians joined Atkins in the studio to record the tracks for what would become her second album, \\\"Mondo Amore\\\", including guitarist Irina Yalkowsky, drummer Mike Graham, and bassist Jeremy Kay. Graham, Oklan, Yalkowsky and Kay would form the core lineup of The Black Sea with\",\n \"title\": \"Nicole Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347814\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode of \\\"Lost\\\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918902\",\n \"text\": \"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918894\",\n \"text\": \"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578085\",\n \"text\": \"up: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" and \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\\\"Clover\\\" and \\\"In the High Valley\\\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856928\",\n \"text\": \"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11856925\",\n \"text\": \"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \\\"The Harpole Report\\\" and Edward\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18787754\",\n \"text\": \"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \\\"\\\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\\\"\\\" Deborah Evans Price of \\\"Billboard\\\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \\\"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\\\" What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3994147\",\n \"text\": \"Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \\\"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\\\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17247248\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas has also appeared advising on corsets on ABC's Nightline in 2012 and in the same year was nominated for Cosmopolitan's Businesswoman of the Year. The brand recreates designs from the 1950s including the bullet bra, which has been worn by celebrities such as Madonna and Rihanna. What Katie Did are also known for their steel boned corsets. Models for the company include Bernie Dexter, Missy Malone, Jami Deadly and Miss Polly Rae. What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned\",\n \"title\": \"What Katie Did (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20345963\",\n \"text\": \"in 1885 and was buried at Lake View Cemetery in Seattle. Henry A. Atkins Henry Allen Atkins (1827–1885) was an American businessman and the first Mayor of Seattle. Born in Vermont, Atkins moved to California in 1850 during the gold rush to mine for gold. He arrived in Seattle in 1858, becoming a merchant and businessman. Atkins, along with two partners, owned a steam-driven pile driver that was leased for work throughout the Puget Sound region. He helped clear land for the Territorial University campus in what is now the Metropolitan Tract in Downtown Seattle. Atkins partnered with William H.\",\n \"title\": \"Henry A. Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20345961\",\n \"text\": \"Henry A. Atkins Henry Allen Atkins (1827–1885) was an American businessman and the first Mayor of Seattle. Born in Vermont, Atkins moved to California in 1850 during the gold rush to mine for gold. He arrived in Seattle in 1858, becoming a merchant and businessman. Atkins, along with two partners, owned a steam-driven pile driver that was leased for work throughout the Puget Sound region. He helped clear land for the Territorial University campus in what is now the Metropolitan Tract in Downtown Seattle. Atkins partnered with William H. Shoudy, himself a future mayor, to operate a general store in\",\n \"title\": \"Henry A. Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18631585\",\n \"text\": \"from Bremerton, Washington. Jeanne Atkins Jeanne Paquette Atkins (born 1949/1950) is an American politician who was the 25th Secretary of State of Oregon, having been appointed on March 6, 2015, by Governor Kate Brown following Brown's ascension to the state's highest office. Atkins is a member of the Democratic Party. She did not run for a full term as Secretary of State and later became state Democratic Party chair. Atkins ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives twice, in 1992 and 1994. From 1998 until 2004, she was a division director for reproductive and women's health\",\n \"title\": \"Jeanne Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18631581\",\n \"text\": \"Jeanne Atkins Jeanne Paquette Atkins (born 1949/1950) is an American politician who was the 25th Secretary of State of Oregon, having been appointed on March 6, 2015, by Governor Kate Brown following Brown's ascension to the state's highest office. Atkins is a member of the Democratic Party. She did not run for a full term as Secretary of State and later became state Democratic Party chair. Atkins ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives twice, in 1992 and 1994. From 1998 until 2004, she was a division director for reproductive and women's health for the Oregon\",\n \"title\": \"Jeanne Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"95431\",\n \"text\": \"Porter described Atkins as respectful of musicians when recording—if someone was out of tune, he would not single that person out by name. Instead, he would say something like, \\\"we got a little tuning problem ... Everybody check and see what's going on.\\\" If that did not work, Atkins would instruct Porter to turn the offending player down in the mix. When Porter left RCA in late-1964, Atkins said, \\\"the sound was never the same, never as great.\\\" Atkins's trademark \\\"Atkins style\\\" of playing uses the thumb and first two or sometimes three fingers of the right hand. He developed\",\n \"title\": \"Chet Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7076691\",\n \"text\": \"Knows\\\", was also released as a single, but did not chart. His debut album was slated for release on September 17 of the same year, but it was never released due to Atkins' dissatisfaction with his material. He discussed his dissatisfaction while sitting next to Curb Records owner Mike Curb on an airplane; Curb allowed him to switch producers, and Atkins chose Ted Hewitt, with whom he had been working on demos. Hewitt also changed Atkins' style from a cowboy appearance and a vocal style similar to Roy Orbison to a more polished appearance. Atkins, Hewitt, and Max T. Barnes\",\n \"title\": \"Rodney Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7076689\",\n \"text\": \"not to proceed due to surgery that Margaret had just undergone. Meanwhile, another couple adopted him, but also returned him soon after when he developed colic. After Margaret Atkins recovered, she proceeded to adopt him. Atkins did not meet his biological mother until 2008, and has never revealed her identity. The Atkins family moved frequently in his youth, eventually settling in Claiborne County, Tennessee. He attended high school at Powell Valley High in Speedwell, Tennessee. During high school, Atkins played guitar in his spare time at events and festivals. After graduating from Walters State Community College, he went to Tennessee\",\n \"title\": \"Rodney Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13999138\",\n \"text\": \"Craig Atkins Craig Atkins (born 29 May 1966) was an Australian cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and left-arm slow bowler who played for Northamptonshire. He was born in Melbourne. Atkins made his Second XI debut for the side during the 1990 season, though he did not make another appearance in the competition until 1994, when he played for Essex Second XI. The following month, he also played in matches for Hampshire, Leicestershire, and Northamptonshire Second XI teams. During the 1995 season, Atkins made his only first-class appearance, against Surrey. From the tailend, he scored 5 runs in the first\",\n \"title\": \"Craig Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5436657\",\n \"text\": \"Six Million Really Die?\\\" does not fit with received views of reality because it is not part of reality. Although in the end he was not required to give evidence, the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper offered to give evidence, stating that \\\"behind a simulated objectivity of expression, it is in fact an irresponsible and tendentious publication which avoids material evidence and presents selected half-truths and distortions for the sole purpose of sowing anti-Semitic propaganda\\\". Anthony Hancock re-published \\\"Did Six Million Really Die?\\\" and made a significant amount of money from doing so, to the point where he was sued for royalties\",\n \"title\": \"Did Six Million Really Die?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17247247\",\n \"text\": \"What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned stockings, Thomas decided to invest in nylons to sell at The London Fetish Fair. This led to Thomas creating her own website. In 2002, What Katie Did's first reproduction of the Bullet bra was launched, the first to be produced in the country. The next year, the company opened a boutique in London Portobello. In 2010, Thomas was asked to advise on an bra of Marilyn Monroe that was put up for auction.\",\n \"title\": \"What Katie Did (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20772103\",\n \"text\": \"Graeme Atkins (rugby league) Graeme Atkins (born 9 June 1956) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer of the 1970s and 1980s. Atkins made his first grade debut for Parramatta in the 1975 season against Western Suburbs. Atkins was a replacement in the 1976 grand final against Manly-Warringah but was in the starting side for the 1977 grand final and the subsequent replay against St George. In 1981, Atkins scored a try in Parramatta's maiden premiership victory over Newtown. In 1982, Atkins played in the preliminary final victory over Eastern Suburbs but did not feature in the grand final\",\n \"title\": \"Graeme Atkins (rugby league)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8751758\",\n \"text\": \"Afternoon - The Longest Journey\\\", an \\\"Afternoon Play\\\" by Peter Whally broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Atkins has been heard on BBC Radio 3 in \\\"Dead Code - Ghosts of the Digital Age\\\" by Jeff Noon for BBC Radio 3. In 2005, Atkins appeared in a revival of \\\"Two\\\" by Jim Cartwright at Octagon Theatre, as the \\\"special guest star\\\" in a touring run of \\\"The Play What I Wrote\\\" and in the summer of 2006, Atkins appeared in an open air run of \\\"A Midsummer Night's Dream\\\" at Stafford Castle to much acclaim and over Christmas of the same\",\n \"title\": \"Emma Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1529950\",\n \"text\": \"pure techno, the purest techno what is deemed as techno right now in North America and in Europe.\\\" Atkins' earlier works are generally considered \\\"electro\\\". Over the years, his sound matured and grew in complexity, and many of his more recent works are heavily layered rhythmic soundscapes. Today, this \\\"techno\\\" is considered its own genre. Atkins and other techno artists have cited the long-running Detroit radio show of Charles \\\"Electrifyin' Mojo\\\" Johnson as a musical influence. Electrifying Mojo, a local legend in radio, played an eclectic mix of music including Parliament, Kraftwerk, and Prince. Atkins and May got their start\",\n \"title\": \"Juan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2440138\",\n \"text\": \"the Madison Media Institute in Madison, Wisconsin. Atkins has announced plans to take his lecturing further by eventually opening a school of his own. He is also a former department chairman for a music business program he designed at SAE Chicago. He now is the acting Music Business program coordinator at Millikin University in Decatur, IL. Atkins has held a number of seminars at Tech Music Schools (Drumtech, Vocaltech, Guitar-X and Keyboardtech) in London, with more planned for the future. Atkins has written what he calls, \\\"the first real book on touring\\\". The book \\\"Tour:Smart\\\", featured contributions from Henry Rollins,\",\n \"title\": \"Martin Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1529947\",\n \"text\": \"the direction that Atkins would pursue with what would later be called his \\\"techno\\\" music. The song took Kraftwerk-like electronic elements and fused them with club music. Atkins considered Cybotron's most successful single, \\\"Techno City\\\" (1984), to be a unique, synthesized funk composition. After later hearing Afrika Bambaataa's \\\"Planet Rock\\\" (1982), which he considered to be a superior example of the electro funk style he was aiming for, he resolved to continue experimenting, and encouraged Saunderson and May to do the same. In 1985, Atkins left the group due to artistic differences with bandmate Rick Davis. Davis wanted the group\",\n \"title\": \"Juan Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7076698\",\n \"text\": \"Atkins' vocals on the singles. A mixed review came from \\\"Country Standard Time\\\", whose Robert Loy criticized Atkins for singing \\\"about what a good ol' boy he is\\\" on several songs, but adding that \\\"it's fairly obvious he's at least as country as anybody else on the charts these days\\\". Atkins's thirteenth single, \\\"It's America\\\", was released in November 2008. It was the first single from his third album, \\\"It's America\\\", released in March 2009. Atkins promoted the album through appearances on \\\"Larry King Live\\\" and a pre-sale promotion on his website. On the chart dated May 2, 2009, \\\"It's\",\n \"title\": \"Rodney Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6040707\",\n \"text\": \"The song also features on the mini-album \\\"The End Of A Beautiful Career\\\". Why Did You Let My Kitten Die? \\\"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?\\\" is a song by Angelica, released as the band's second single. It had a limited release of 1000 copies on Fantastic Plastic Records and was voted Alternative Record of the Year by BBC Radio 1's \\\"Evening Session\\\" audience. The title track is a reference to the 1961 film \\\"Whistle Down the Wind\\\", in which a group of children believe an escaped convict to be Jesus. The children give him a kitten to protect\",\n \"title\": \"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6040706\",\n \"text\": \"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die? \\\"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?\\\" is a song by Angelica, released as the band's second single. It had a limited release of 1000 copies on Fantastic Plastic Records and was voted Alternative Record of the Year by BBC Radio 1's \\\"Evening Session\\\" audience. The title track is a reference to the 1961 film \\\"Whistle Down the Wind\\\", in which a group of children believe an escaped convict to be Jesus. The children give him a kitten to protect but when the kitten dies they question whether he is who they believe.\",\n \"title\": \"Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12418043\",\n \"text\": \"Going Through Hell\\\". \\\"It's America\\\" (2009) and \\\"Take a Back Road\\\" (2011) also included number 1 singles in their respective title tracks, with a re-issue of the latter also containing the top 5 hit \\\"Farmer's Daughter\\\". Notes Rodney Atkins discography The discography of Rodney Atkins, an American country music singer, consists of 4 studio albums and 20 singles. Although Atkins first entered the Country Airplay charts in 1997 with \\\"In a Heartbeat\\\", he did not reach top 40 until 2002. His first top 5 hit, \\\"Honesty (Write Me a List)\\\", came in late 2003-early 2004. Between 2006 and 2008, Atkins\",\n \"title\": \"Rodney Atkins discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12418042\",\n \"text\": \"Rodney Atkins discography The discography of Rodney Atkins, an American country music singer, consists of 4 studio albums and 20 singles. Although Atkins first entered the Country Airplay charts in 1997 with \\\"In a Heartbeat\\\", he did not reach top 40 until 2002. His first top 5 hit, \\\"Honesty (Write Me a List)\\\", came in late 2003-early 2004. Between 2006 and 2008, Atkins charted four straight number 1 singles: \\\"If You're Going Through Hell (Before the Devil Even Knows)\\\", \\\"Watching You\\\", \\\"These Are My People\\\" and \\\"Cleaning This Gun (Come On In Boy)\\\", all from his second album, \\\"If You're\",\n \"title\": \"Rodney Atkins discography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"95419\",\n \"text\": \"the honorary degree CGP (\\\"Certified Guitar Player\\\"). In 2011, his daughter Merle Atkins Russell bestowed the CGP degree on his longtime sideman Paul Yandell. She then declared no more CGPs would be allowed by the Atkins estate. His half-brother, Jim, was a successful guitarist who worked with the Les Paul Trio in New York. Atkins did not have a strong style of his own until 1939, when (while still living in Georgia) he heard Merle Travis picking over WLW radio. This early influence dramatically shaped his unique playing style. Whereas Travis's right hand used his index finger for the melody\",\n \"title\": \"Chet Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7973700\",\n \"text\": \"John DeWitt Clinton Atkins John DeWitt Clinton Atkins (June 4, 1825 – June 2, 1908) was an American politician and a member of both the United States House of Representatives and Confederate Congress from Tennessee. Atkins was born at Manly's Chapel, Tennessee, in Henry County the son of John Atkins and Sarah (Manley) Atkins. He attended a private school in Paris, Tennessee, graduated from East Tennessee University at Knoxville in 1846. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar, but he did not practice, instead engaging in agricultural pursuits. He married Elizabeth Bacon Porter on November 23, 1847. After\",\n \"title\": \"John DeWitt Clinton Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11171810\",\n \"text\": \"Dawn Atkins (romantic novelist) Dawn Atkins is an American author of contemporary romance novels. Dawn Atkins has been writing since childhood. In the early 1980s she sold the first of her work, several romance short stories which were published by \\\"True Love\\\" magazine. She then wrote her first romance novel, which was rejected by publishers. For the next 13 years, Atkins did not write. She filled her time teaching second and third graders. Eventually she began rewriting her first novel, which was rejected by several agents in its new form. Atkins kept writing, and her third completed manuscript was published\",\n \"title\": \"Dawn Atkins (romantic novelist)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"869427\",\n \"text\": \"a low-carbohydrate approach published by Alfred W. Pennington, based on research Pennington did during World War II at DuPont. The Atkins diet is promoted with questionable claims that carbohydrate restriction is the \\\"key\\\" to weight loss. In his early books such as \\\"Dr Atkins' New Diet Revolution\\\", Atkins made the controversial argument that the low-carbohydrate diet produces a metabolic advantage because \\\"burning fat takes more calories so you expend more calories\\\". He cited one study in which he estimated this advantage to be 950 Calories (4.0 MJ) per day. A review study published in \\\"Lancet\\\" concluded that there was no\",\n \"title\": \"Atkins diet\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7076705\",\n \"text\": \"November 10, 2013. Their son, Ryder Falcon Atkins, was born to the couple on December 14, 2017. Studio albums Compilation albums Number-one singles Rodney Atkins Rodney Allan Atkins (born March 28, 1969) is an American country music artist. Signed to Curb Records in 1996, he charted his first single on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country chart in 1997, but did not release an album until 2003's \\\"Honesty\\\", which included the number 4 hit \\\"Honesty (Write Me a List)\\\". \\\"If You're Going Through Hell\\\", his second album, was released in 2006. Its first two singles, \\\"If You're Going Through Hell (Before the Devil\",\n \"title\": \"Rodney Atkins\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149533\",\n \"text\": \"You Know What You Did \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" is the first episode of the third season of \\\"The Hills\\\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi Montag after suspecting that Heidi and her boyfriend Spencer Pratt fabricated rumors of a sex tape involving Lauren and her ex-boyfriend Jason Wahler. The ensuing feud between the women becomes a central focus of the series, and is carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad appears. \\\"You Know What You Did\\\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9304177\",\n \"text\": \"Die Hand Die Verletzt \\\"Die Hand Die Verletzt\\\" is the fourteenth episode of the second season of the science fiction television series \\\"The X-Files\\\". It premiered on the Fox network on January 27, 1995. It was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong, directed by Kim Manners, and featured guest appearances by Susan Blommaert, Dan Butler, and Heather McComb. The episode is a \\\"Monster-of-the-Week\\\" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. \\\"Die Hand Die Verletzt\\\" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.7, being watched by 10.2 million households in its initial broadcast. The episode received positive reviews, with many critics\",\n \"title\": \"Die Hand Die Verletzt\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["brain tumor","cancer"],"string":"[\n \"brain tumor\",\n \"cancer\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2192,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what type of currency does brazil use?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9850127","text":"without any initial plans to establish a common currency. Later, in 1994, Brazil established the Brazilian real, still in use, putting an end to the frequent currency changes that took place in the country throughout the 1980s and the 1990s. On such panorama, the Gaucho plan has been virtually shelved. On 17 July 1987, in the city of Viedma (Río Negro, Argentina), President Raúl Alfonsín of Argentina and President José Sarney of Brazil signed Protocol Number 20 which stated the following: Considering: Viedma, 17 July 1987 Gaucho (currency) The Gaucho was the name of a currency intended to be used","title":"Gaucho (currency)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9850127\",\n \"text\": \"without any initial plans to establish a common currency. Later, in 1994, Brazil established the Brazilian real, still in use, putting an end to the frequent currency changes that took place in the country throughout the 1980s and the 1990s. On such panorama, the Gaucho plan has been virtually shelved. On 17 July 1987, in the city of Viedma (Río Negro, Argentina), President Raúl Alfonsín of Argentina and President José Sarney of Brazil signed Protocol Number 20 which stated the following: Considering: Viedma, 17 July 1987 Gaucho (currency) The Gaucho was the name of a currency intended to be used\",\n \"title\": \"Gaucho (currency)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9850126","text":"Gaucho (currency) The Gaucho was the name of a currency intended to be used by Argentina and Brazil in the context of the Argentina-Brazil Integration and Economics Cooperation Program or PICE (Spanish: Programa de Integración y Cooperación Económica Argentina-Brasil) to make interregional payments. It was named after the gauchos typical of both Argentina and Southern Brazil. After the signing of the Protocol Number 20, in 1987, no further action was ever taken by any of the countries to effectively put the currency into use. Mercosur, an economic bloc including Brazil and Argentina, establishing broader economic integration, was created in 1991,","title":"Gaucho (currency)"},{"psg_id":"11592265","text":"moneda national\" (peso national currency). The economy picked up after 1876 and the 1880s were a period of prosperity and expansion. Internal peace was achieved in 1884, and there was a heavy influx of foreign capital. The Reus Law of 1887 made it easy to establish new banks (the most important of which was Banco Nacional). While Uruguay's neighbors, Argentina and Brazil, were obliged to use inconvertible paper currency, Uruguay continued to use gold. By 1889 the flow of foreign capital was drying up, and the prices paid for Uruguay's exports were falling. Gold was leaving the country, and Banco","title":"Currency of Uruguay"},{"psg_id":"11592239","text":"Currency of Uruguay This is an outline of Uruguay's monetary history. For the present currency of Uruguay, see Uruguayan peso. Uruguay's currency was initially that common to all of Spanish America. During the struggle over this region, initially between Spain and Portugal, then between Argentina and Brazil, the coinage of both contestants circulated. When the area was annexed to Brazil in 1821 as Provincia Cisplatina, the Portuguese (Brazilian) administration put notes of Banco do Brazil into circulation. This was the first paper money to circulate in Uruguay. Then, in 1826–1828, Argentine troops fighting against Brazil were paid in one-peso notes","title":"Currency of Uruguay"},{"psg_id":"4183543","text":"Central Bank as \"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\". The US Department of Treasury in 2013 defined it more tersely as \"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\". The key attribute a virtual currency does not have according to these definitions, is the status as legal tender. Since 2001, the European Union has implemented the E-Money Directive \"on the taking up, pursuit and prudential","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"13810778","text":"week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010,","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810760","text":"What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \"Sawyer\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"15347806","text":"propagation of the currency, and ensure that the number of students arriving in any university doesn't exceed the capacity to handle them. Saber (sectoral currency) The Saber (Portuguese for \"to know\") currency is a proposal of an educational sectoral currency initially presented in Brazil. It would be handed out by the ministry of education. The currency is given for free to pupils, who can use it to buy education from older pupils. The currency propagates from lower grades to higher grades in schools and finally propagates to universities where it is used to buy education from the state. At this","title":"Saber (sectoral currency)"},{"psg_id":"15347805","text":"Saber (sectoral currency) The Saber (Portuguese for \"to know\") currency is a proposal of an educational sectoral currency initially presented in Brazil. It would be handed out by the ministry of education. The currency is given for free to pupils, who can use it to buy education from older pupils. The currency propagates from lower grades to higher grades in schools and finally propagates to universities where it is used to buy education from the state. At this point it is collected and returned to the ministry. The duration the currency remains valid is limited in order to encourage fast","title":"Saber (sectoral currency)"},{"psg_id":"15809757","text":"other countries not directly involved such as Australia; if the \"currency war\" continues they may be exposed to harmful upwards pressure on their exchange rates. By December 2010, currency war was less of a hot topic and wasn't even on the agenda for the bilateral trade talks held between China and the US, but the issues still remain unresolved, with many emerging economies considering increased use of capital controls to cope with potentially de-stabilising capital inflows. January 2011 saw new interventions to prevent currency appreciation and volatility from Brazil, South Korea and even from Chile – a country with a","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"10945153","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"15968633","text":"number of coins. Trays used to handle currency, often sorting by denomination. Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \"curled\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together","title":"Currency packaging"},{"psg_id":"13810767","text":"reviews\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\". \"What Kate Does\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" described the episode as \"contemplative\", \"anticlimactic\" and \"subdued\" and the flash sideways as \"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \" 'What Kate","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"15968631","text":"Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \"curled\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together in groups of 10 (1000 banknotes) and vacuumized. A cliche print containing","title":"Currency packaging"},{"psg_id":"13879803","text":"Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees. Run by volunteers, there is no paid staff. Dr. Dean Nicolle began looking for land between Mount Compass and Strathalbyn in 1990 to create an arboretum. The specific soil type","title":"Currency Creek Arboretum"},{"psg_id":"8557362","text":"the result in. The application software then calculates and displays the corresponding amount of money. Currency converters aim to maintain real-time information on current market or bank exchange rates, so that the calculated result changes whenever the value of either of the component currencies does. They do so by connecting to a database of current currency exchange rates. The frequency at which currency converters update the exchange rates they use varies: Yahoo currency converter updates its rates every day, while Convert My Money< every hour. Currency converters usually display a value that is not biased towards buying or selling. This","title":"Currency converter"},{"psg_id":"10945154","text":"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"14187980","text":"Currency transaction tax A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on the use of currency for various types of transactions. The tax is associated with the financial sector and is a type of financial transaction tax, as opposed to a consumption tax paid by consumers, though the tax may be passed on by the financial institution to the customer. Currency transaction taxes have been proposed as taxes on domestic currency usage as part of the automated payment transaction (APT) tax and on international currency transactions, the Tobin tax and the Spahn tax. The automated payment transaction (APT) tax was","title":"Currency transaction tax"},{"psg_id":"5067796","text":"oil, services, etc.). A time-based currency is valued by the time required to perform a service in hours, notwithstanding the potential market value of the service. Another type of complementary monetary systems is the barter, an exchange of specific goods or services is performed without the use of any currency. In 1982, the most widespread auxiliary currency system, the Local Exchange Trading Systems, was created. It regulates the exchange of goods and services between the members of the cooperative. Examples for an investment system of complementary currency are the Automatic Social Financial Network (ASFN) and the international crowdsourcing and crowd-funding","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"6927048","text":"2013. In 2008, Crane acquired Visual Physics, a subsidiary of Nanoventions, based in Atlanta, Georgia. This purchase gave Crane exclusive control of Motion micro-optic security technology that is used for the protection of banknotes. Crane Currency Crane Currency is a manufacturer of cotton-based paper products used in the printing of national currencies, passports and banknotes. Crane remains the sole supplier of paper for use in U.S. currency (Federal Reserve Notes). Stephen Crane was the first in the Crane family to become a papermaker, buying his first mill, \"The Liberty Paper Mill\", in 1770. He sold currency-type paper to engraver Paul","title":"Crane Currency"},{"psg_id":"4183541","text":"bitcoin is a digital currency but also a type of virtual currency. Bitcoin and its alternatives are based on cryptographic algorithms, so these kinds of virtual currencies are also called cryptocurrencies. Most of the traditional money supply is bank money held on computers. This is also considered digital currency. One could argue that our increasingly cashless society means that all currencies are becoming digital, but they are not presented to us as such. Currency can be exchanged electronically using debit cards and credit cards using electronic funds transfer at point of sale. A number of electronic money systems use contactless","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"8656487","text":"Virtual currency Virtual currency, or virtual money, is a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community. The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has warned investors against pump and dump schemes that use virtual currencies. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the US Treasury, defined virtual currency in its guidance published in 2013. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined virtual currency as \"a digital representation of value that is neither issued by a central bank or a public","title":"Virtual currency"},{"psg_id":"6927043","text":"Crane Currency Crane Currency is a manufacturer of cotton-based paper products used in the printing of national currencies, passports and banknotes. Crane remains the sole supplier of paper for use in U.S. currency (Federal Reserve Notes). Stephen Crane was the first in the Crane family to become a papermaker, buying his first mill, \"The Liberty Paper Mill\", in 1770. He sold currency-type paper to engraver Paul Revere, who printed the American Colonies' first paper money. In 1801, Crane was founded by Zenas Crane, Henry Wiswall and John Willard. The company's original mill had a daily output of 20 posts (1","title":"Crane Currency"},{"psg_id":"4183535","text":"Digital currency Digital currency (digital money, electronic money or electronic currency) is a type of currency available in digital form (in contrast to physical, such as banknotes and coins). It exhibits properties similar to physical currencies, but can allow for instantaneous transactions and borderless transfer-of-ownership. Examples include virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies and central bank issued money accounted for in a computer database (including digital base money). Like traditional money, these currencies may be used to buy physical goods and services, but may also be restricted to certain communities such as for use inside an online game or social network. Digital","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"69242","text":"currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound, although units of or occasionally also occur. Some currencies do not have any smaller units at all, such as the Icelandic króna. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system; instead, the Mauritanian ouguiya is in theory divided into","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"14957829","text":"Debate, and also in an article for the \"Financial Times\", Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff called for the currency war to be ended by increased use of floating currencies and greater cooperation and solidarity among major economies, with exchange rate policies set for the good of all rather than having individual nations striving to gain an advantage for themselves. In March 2012, Rousseff said Brazil was still experiencing undesirable upwards pressure on its currency, with its Finance Minister Guido Mantega saying his country will no longer \"play the fool\" and allow others to get away with competitive devaluation, announcing new measures","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"5644206","text":"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \"textbook\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants","title":"Currency swap"},{"psg_id":"69220","text":"relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. Other definitions of the term \"currency\" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain political jurisdictions. Others are simply traded for their economic","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"5067790","text":"considered a form of alternative currency. Barters are another type of alternative currency. These are actually exchange systems, which only trade items; thus without the use of any currency whatsoever. Finally, LETS is a special form of barter which trades points for items. One point stands for one worker-hour of work. Complementary currencies are often designed intentionally to address specific issues, for example to increase financial stability. Most complementary currencies have multiple purposes and/or are intended to address multiple issues. They can be useful for communities that do not have access to financial capital, and for adjusting peoples' spending behavior.","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"9926460","text":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \"nigga\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \"Scoopy Rap\" and \"Family Rap\" in 1979, and \"New York","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"8014931","text":"What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \"The Smiths\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \"Hatful of Hollow\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is among his least favourite songs","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"8050855","text":"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8050853","text":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8014933","text":"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \"What Difference Does It Make?\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \"The Tube\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \"die very quickly\", and that he wanted to \"herald the death\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"5067789","text":"use: local or community currencies are complementary currencies used within a locality or other form of community (such as business-based or online communities); regional currencies are similar to local currencies but used within a larger geographical region; and sectoral currencies are complementary currencies used within a single economic sector, such as education or health care. Many private currencies are complementary currencies issued by private businesses or organizations. Other terms include alternative currency, auxiliary currency, and microcurrency. Mutual credit is a form of alternative currency, and thus any form of lending that does not go through the banking system can be","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"1701664","text":"financial assets denominated in a foreign currency. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution, for example, Argentina and Peru were both in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s. \"Dollarization\", when referring to currency substitution, does not necessarily involve use of the United States dollar. The currencies that have been used as substitutes have been the US dollar, the euro, and the Australian dollar. After the gold standard was abandoned at the outbreak of World War I and the Bretton Woods Conference following World War II, some countries sought exchange rate","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"9926463","text":"was first used on the song \"Rock 'N' Roll\" which later became \"You'll Be Under My Wheels\". The second time they used it is from a song called \"Lyrical Terrorist\" which later became \"Serial Thrilla\", but it was soon used on the album \"The Day Is My Enemy\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"13879805","text":"eucalypt conservation, cultivation, ecology, physiology, systematics, and taxonomy. Additional research consists of the cut flower industry and honey production, as well as tree use, such as firewood, shade, and windbreaks. Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees.","title":"Currency Creek Arboretum"},{"psg_id":"17544677","text":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward","title":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency"},{"psg_id":"13810761","text":"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \"What Kate Did\". \"What Kate Does\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"15809761","text":"the currency war had ended – governments of emerging economies were increasingly deciding to accept currency appreciation so as to mitigate rising food prices, one of the causes behind civil discontent driving the Arab Spring. In April, the \"Financial Times\" joined Bloomberg in reporting that the currency war was beginning to fizzle out, again suggesting a key reason was the trend for emerging economies to allow currency appreciation as a means to offset inflation. Although Brazil is one of the emerging countries that has recently abandoned intervening against appreciation, her finance minister Guido Mantega disagreed with suggestions that the 'currency","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"14187990","text":"governments the freedom to act in the best interests of their own economic development, rather than being forced to shape fiscal and monetary policies according to demands of fickle financial markets.\" In early November 2007, a regional Tobin tax was adopted by the Bank of the South in Latin America, after an initiative of Presidents Hugo Chavez from Venezuela and Néstor Kirchner from Argentina. Currency transaction tax A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on the use of currency for various types of transactions. The tax is associated with the financial sector and is a type of financial transaction","title":"Currency transaction tax"},{"psg_id":"3664841","text":"than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but disallowed their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British","title":"Currency Act"},{"psg_id":"8656489","text":"to its regulations defining currency as \"the coin and paper money of the United States or of any other country that [i] is designated as legal tender and that [ii] circulates and [iii] is customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issuance\", also called \"real currency\" by FinCEN, defined virtual currency as \"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\". In particular, virtual currency does not have legal tender status in any jurisdiction. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined","title":"Virtual currency"},{"psg_id":"10159600","text":"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the","title":"Currency-counting machine"},{"psg_id":"3317067","text":"have been written supporting the management of community currencies. In 1998, Richard Kay, a Senior Lecturer at Birmingham City University, wrote a \"Multi-registry System\" specification for routing and processing community currency transactions using an approach designed to be decentralized, with no single point of control or failure, using the Domain Name System for server discovery. Community currency A community currency is a type of complementary currency that is used by groups with a common bond, like members of a locality, or association, and designed to meet their needs. A community currency may be geography-based, making it a type of local","title":"Community currency"},{"psg_id":"3317066","text":"Community currency A community currency is a type of complementary currency that is used by groups with a common bond, like members of a locality, or association, and designed to meet their needs. A community currency may be geography-based, making it a type of local currency, or it may be used within a business-based, or online community. Community currencies aim at using money as a tool to achieve social or environmental objectives. According to the New Economics Foundation partner Community Currencies in Action: Some of the purposes for community currencies identified by Community Currencies in Action include: Several software packages","title":"Community currency"},{"psg_id":"15809741","text":"dollar float freely. While the US has taken no direct action to devalue its currency, there is close to universal consensus among analysts that its quantitative easing programmes exert downwards pressure on the dollar. According to many analysts the currency war had largely fizzled out by mid-2011, though others including Mantega disagreed. As of March 2012, outbreaks of rhetoric were still occurring, with additional measures being adopted by countries like Brazil to control the appreciation of their currency. Yet by June, there were signs that currency misalignment had been levelling out in China and across the world, with even Mantega","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"15809781","text":"a \"scapegoat\" for the US's failings. China accused the US of waging the currency war and that it has \"exercised financial policies characterised as 'economic egoism.'\" In April 2011, the \"Financial Times\" reported that Chinese officials have signalled 2016 as a date when they expect to stop intervening against their currency by buying dollar assets. Brazil is a large economy which has generally allowed their currency to float freely, with the exception of some low level interventions to counter large capital inflows resulting from major stock sales. As a result, since early 2009 her currency has risen substantially against the","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"19980606","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"8947792","text":"had not been completed and thus fell under the scope of the new law. The Sherman-Grant notes exist only as specimens. Fractional currency Fractional currency, also referred to as shinplasters, was introduced by the United States federal government following the outbreak of the Civil War. These fractional notes were in use between 21 August 1862 and 15 February 1876, and issued in 3, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 cent denominations across five issuing periods. The complete type set below is part of the National Numismatic Collection, housed at the National Museum of American History, part of the Smithsonian Institution.","title":"Fractional currency"},{"psg_id":"8947784","text":"Fractional currency Fractional currency, also referred to as shinplasters, was introduced by the United States federal government following the outbreak of the Civil War. These fractional notes were in use between 21 August 1862 and 15 February 1876, and issued in 3, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 cent denominations across five issuing periods. The complete type set below is part of the National Numismatic Collection, housed at the National Museum of American History, part of the Smithsonian Institution. The Civil War economy catalyzed a shortage of United States coinage—gold and silver coins were hoarded given their intrinsic bullion value","title":"Fractional currency"},{"psg_id":"935053","text":"built from primitive types. A type system associates types with computed values. By examining the flow of these values, a type system attempts to prove that no \"type errors\" can occur. The type system in question determines what constitutes a type error, but a type system generally seeks to guarantee that operations expecting a certain kind of value are not used with values for which that operation does not make sense. A compiler may use the static type of a value to optimize the storage it needs and the choice of algorithms for operations on the value. In many C","title":"Data type"},{"psg_id":"5601481","text":"History of Chinese currency The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper money was invented in China in the 9th century, but the","title":"History of Chinese currency"},{"psg_id":"1701670","text":"currency substitution by adopting the US dollar as legal tender in 1904. This type of currency substitution is also known as de jure currency substitution. Currency substitution can be used semiofficially (or officially bimonetary systems), where the foreign currency is legal tender alongside the domestic currency. In literature, there is a set of related definitions of currency substitution such as external liability currency substitution, domestic liability currency substitution, banking sector's liability currency substitution or deposit currency substitution, and credit dollarlization. External liability currency substitution measures total external debt (private and public) denominated in foreign currencies of the economy. Deposit currency","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"12848972","text":"Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI). The table below shows the statistics as of 31 December 2016 in billions of US dollars using the exchange rate at the end of the year. The total value is $4,687 billion. China is not part of the calculation and may be over a trillion dollars today. That leaves over 160 countries not calculated. The calculation also does not include Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ripple, whose total value in circulation exceeds one hundred billion dollars. Circulation (currency) In monetary economics, circulation is the continuing use of individual units of a currency for","title":"Circulation (currency)"},{"psg_id":"14086303","text":"policy in relation to the so-called Currency war. Brazil has called for China to allow a faster appreciation of its currency, which would help other countries to better compete against Chinese exports. Brazil also criticised US policy, saying both China and the US should seek to avoid escalating economic tension concerning trade and currency. Trade between China and Brazil was worth almost $80 US Dollars as of 2014. China is expanding economic ties into Latin America, and Brazil falls into that category. China is investing a Brazilian electric transmission line from the Amazon, as well as importing Brazilian planes and","title":"Brazil–China relations"},{"psg_id":"1701668","text":"the share of all foreign currency deposits held by domestic residents at home and abroad in their total monetary assets. Unofficial currency substitution or de facto currency substitution is the most common type of currency substitution. Unofficial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets in foreign currency, even though the foreign currency is not legal tender there. They hold deposits in the foreign currency because of a bad track record of the local currency, or as a hedge against inflation of the domestic currency. Official currency substitution or full","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"8050854","text":"lyrics of the Beatles song \"She Said, She Said\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\" \"Trouser Press\" called it \"even better\" than \"Script of the Bridge\", \"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"11958746","text":"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"psg_id":"16663178","text":"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \"What Does The Bee Do?\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \"IGN\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\" \"The A.V. Club\" rated the episode an \"A-\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"11958748","text":"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"psg_id":"16663175","text":"What Does the Bee Do? \"What Does the Bee Do?\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \"Boardwalk Empire\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"69236","text":"mostly paper, but Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation developed the world's first polymer currency in the 1980s that went into circulation on the nation's bicentenary in 1988. Now used in some 22 countries (over 40 if counting commemorative issues), polymer currency dramatically improves the life span of banknotes and prevents counterfeiting. Currency use is based on the concept of lex monetae; that a sovereign state decides which currency it shall use. Currently, the International Organization for Standardization has introduced a three-letter system of codes (ISO 4217) to define currency (as opposed to simple names or currency signs), in","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"5601511","text":"as the main foreign trade and exchange bank. Foreign visitors to China were required to conduct transactions with Foreign Exchange Certificates issued by the Bank of China between 1979 and 1994. These have been abolished, and all transactions now occur in Renminbi. History of Chinese currency The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used","title":"History of Chinese currency"},{"psg_id":"1507226","text":"Russia and the People's Republic of China, central banks, and economic analysts and groups, such as the Gulf Cooperation Council, have expressed a desire to see an independent new currency replace the dollar as the reserve currency. On 10 July 2009, Russian President Medvedev proposed a new 'world currency' at the G8 meeting in London as an alternative reserve currency to replace the dollar. China, Russia, India, Turkey, Brazil, Venezuela and other oil-producing countries have recently agreed \"to transact all of their mutual trade and investment in their own currencies\" effectively minimizing the need, at least in the short term,","title":"Reserve currency"},{"psg_id":"15809758","text":"reputation for avoiding government intervention in favour of free market policies. Brazil's finance minister Guido Mantega who had raised the alarm about a currency war back in September, warned that matters were beginning to escalate into a trade war. He expressed concerns about the economic policies of both China and the US. By February, the US had stepped up diplomatic efforts to persuade emerging economies such as Brazil and India that China's intervention was the root cause of the currency war. However the US once again refrained from labelling China a currency manipulator. A Treasury report said that allowing for","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"13810770","text":"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\" Whitney Matheson of \"USA Today\" said that she \"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\" after watching \"What Kate Does\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \"one of Josh","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"11592240","text":"issued by Banco Nacional of Buenos Aires for Provincia Oriental (\"Eastern Province\", i.e., Uruguay). All parties to the conflict used the Spanish dollar (Spanish \"peso\", Portuguese \" patacão\"), which circulated with a value of 8 Spanish reales or 960 Brazilian reis. Circulation consisted of coins from mints in Mexico, Potosí, Brazil, and Buenos Aires. During the turbulent period of conflict preceding independence, a considerable amount of poor-quality copper coin from both Buenos Aires and Brazil came into circulation. Peso (Patacón) = 8 Reales = 800 Centésimos de real (centavos) Onza de oro = 16 Pesos In 1828, Uruguay's currency was","title":"Currency of Uruguay"},{"psg_id":"13810777","text":"that it by no means compared to \"LA X\", but stated that it \"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \"freakin' outstanding\" and called \"What Kate Does\" \"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810766","text":"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \"What Kate Does\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \"generally favorable","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"69219","text":"Currency A currency (from , \"in circulation\", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a \"system of money\" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition, US dollars, British pounds, Australian dollars, European euros and Russian ruble are examples of currency. These various currencies are recognized as stores of value and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"69246","text":"with few options other than to create a local currency. The following table are estimates of the 15 most frequently used currencies in world payments from 2012 to 2018 by SWIFT. Related concepts Accounting units Lists Currency A currency (from , \"in circulation\", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a \"system of money\" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition,","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"19980608","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"7664539","text":"is generally increased by adding currency exposure, yet there is no risk premium earned for that added volatility in the long term. Thus investors with international portfolios often hedge their currency risk, normally using forward currency contracts, currency swaps, currency futures contracts, or currency options. Currency hedging can be done passively or actively. The stream of returns from passive currency overlay is negatively correlated with international equities, has an expected return of zero, and does not employ any capital. The overlay manager uses forward contracts to match the portfolio’s currency exposures in such a way as to insure against exchange","title":"Currency overlay"},{"psg_id":"19076702","text":"printed. Outside of the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money for specialized issues, images of the last two types could not be found. The known population of remaining siege of Khartoum notes varies by denomination from the first type 100 piastre note (roughly 1,250 known) to the 50 Egyptian pound note (roughly 12 known). Presumably there are fewer still of the one piaster, second type 100 piastre, and 20 British pound notes. Siege of Khartoum currency Siege of Khartoum currency, an emergency paper money, was issued by Governor-General of the Sudan, British Major-General Charles George Gordon during the Siege of","title":"Siege of Khartoum currency"},{"psg_id":"1701683","text":"effect of this regulation on the pattern of currency substitution depends on the public's expectations of macroeconomic stability and the sustainability of the foreign exchange regime. Currency substitution Currency substitution or dollarization is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency. Currency substitution can be full or partial. Most, if not all, full currency substitution has taken place after a major economic crisis, for example, Ecuador and El Salvador in Latin America and Zimbabwe in Africa. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use those of their","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"1701663","text":"Currency substitution Currency substitution or dollarization is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency. Currency substitution can be full or partial. Most, if not all, full currency substitution has taken place after a major economic crisis, for example, Ecuador and El Salvador in Latin America and Zimbabwe in Africa. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use those of their larger neighbours; for example Liechtenstein uses the Swiss Franc. Partial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"7134141","text":"a single world currency is unnecessary, because the U.S. dollar is providing many of the benefits of a world currency while avoiding some of the costs. If the world does not form an optimum currency area, then it would be economically inefficient for the world to share one currency. In the present world, nations are not able to work together closely enough to be able to produce and support a common currency. There has to be a high level of trust between different countries before a true world currency could be created. A world currency might even undermine national sovereignty","title":"World currency"},{"psg_id":"17514241","text":"may lead to some of those drugs remaining in the animal when it is slaughtered or milked. Scientific experiments provide data that shows how long a drug is present in the body of an animal and what the animal's body does to the drug. Of particular concern are drugs that may be passed into milk or eggs. By the use of \"drug withdrawal periods: before slaughter or the use of milk or eggs from treated animals, veterinarians and animal owners ensure that the meat, milk and eggs is free of contamination. Brazil is the world's largest exporter of beef. The","title":"Antibiotic use in livestock"},{"psg_id":"4858242","text":"Currency crisis A currency crisis is a situation in which serious doubt exists as to whether a country's central bank has sufficient foreign exchange reserves to maintain the country's fixed exchange rate. The crisis is often accompanied by a speculative attack in the foreign exchange market. A currency crisis results from chronic balance of payments deficits, and thus is also called a balance of payments crisis. Often such a crisis culminates in a devaluation of the currency. A currency crisis is a type of financial crisis, and is often associated with a real economic crisis. A currency crisis raises the","title":"Currency crisis"},{"psg_id":"5644216","text":"in U.S. dollars to overseas markets.\" While central bank liquidity swaps and currency swaps are structurally the same, currency swaps are commercial transactions driven by comparative advantage, while central bank liquidity swaps are emergency loans of US Dollars to overseas markets, and it is currently unknown whether or not they will be beneficial for the Dollar or the US in the long-term. The People's Republic of China has multiple year currency swap agreements of the Renminbi with Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Hong Kong, Iceland, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, United Kingdom and Uzbekistan that perform a similar function to central","title":"Currency swap"},{"psg_id":"662361","text":"in Canada and over 400 in the United Kingdom. Australia, France, New Zealand, and Switzerland have similar systems. Kenya: Senegal: South Africa: Japan: Hong Kong: Indonesia: Malaysia: Bangladesh [Chandpur Chittagonj Dhaka] Australia: Canada: \"See List of Canadian community currencies\"<br> Mexico: United States: \"See List of community currencies in the United States\" Argentina: Brazil: Venezuela: Austria: Belgium: Czech Republic: Denmark: France: Germany: Hungary: Greece: Italy: Latvia: Malta: Netherlands: Russia: Slovakia: Spain: Switzerland: Ukraine: United Kingdom: [[Category:Local currencies| ]] [[Category:Freiwirtschaft]] [[Category:Localism (politics)]] [[Category:Monetary reform]] [[Category:Community building]] Local currency In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a","title":"Local currency"},{"psg_id":"69241","text":"Several countries can use the same name for their own separate currencies (for example, \"dollar\" in Australia, Canada and the United States). By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency (for example, the euro or the CFA franc), or one country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender. For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared US currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 to 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States. At various times countries have either re-stamped foreign coins, or used currency board issuing one note of","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"3703477","text":"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \"does exactly what it says on the tube\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \"What It Says on the Tin\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \"It does exactly what it says on the tin\" was originally an advertising slogan","title":"Does exactly what it says on the tin"},{"psg_id":"6180233","text":"percent of farmers in both Brazil and Pakistan grow crops based on saved seeds from previous harvests. Consequentially, resistance to the introduction of GURT technology into developing countries is strong. The technology is restricted at the plant variety level, hence the term V-GURT. Trait specific genetic use restriction technologies (T-GURT) are a second type of GURT that would modify a crop in such a way that the genetic enhancement engineered into the crop does not function until the plant is treated with a specific chemical. The chemical acts as the external input, activating the target gene. One difference in T-GURTs","title":"Genetic use restriction technology"},{"psg_id":"5601494","text":"with the \"Imperial Bank of China\" and the \"Hu Pu Bank\" (later the \"Ta-Ch'ing Government Bank\"), established by the Imperial government. The Republic of China was founded after the Xinhai Revolution toppled the Qing Dynasty. The Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China urgently needed to issue military currency for use in place of the previous Qing currency. Successively, each province declared independence from the Qing and issued their own military currency. In 1914, the National Currency Ordinance established the silver dollar as the national currency of the Republic of China. Although designs changed compared with Imperial era coins,","title":"History of Chinese currency"},{"psg_id":"3208806","text":"Fictional currency A fictional currency is some form of currency defined, or alluded to, in works of fiction. The names of units of such currency are sometimes based on extant or historic currencies (e.g. \"Altairian dollars\" or \"Earth yen\") while other names, such as \"Kalganids\" in Asimov's \"Foundation\" series, may be wholly invented. A particularly common type, especially in science fiction, is electronically managed \"credits\". In some works of fiction, exchange media other than money are used. These are not currency as such, but rather nonstandard media of exchange used to avoid the difficulties of ensuring \"double coincidence of wants\"","title":"Fictional currency"},{"psg_id":"4858254","text":"crisis as a 'balance of payments crisis' are changing the meaning of the term. Currency crisis A currency crisis is a situation in which serious doubt exists as to whether a country's central bank has sufficient foreign exchange reserves to maintain the country's fixed exchange rate. The crisis is often accompanied by a speculative attack in the foreign exchange market. A currency crisis results from chronic balance of payments deficits, and thus is also called a balance of payments crisis. Often such a crisis culminates in a devaluation of the currency. A currency crisis is a type of financial crisis,","title":"Currency crisis"},{"psg_id":"2480285","text":"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate","title":"Currency board"},{"psg_id":"5601482","text":"base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan in the late 19th century. Currently, the \"renminbi\" is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. The use of shell money is attested to in the Chinese writing system. The traditional characters for 'goods' (), 'buy/sell' (),","title":"History of Chinese currency"},{"psg_id":"4183539","text":"destabilizing effect on the Chinese Yuan currency due to speculation. Recent interest in cryptocurrencies has prompted renewed interest in digital currencies, with bitcoin, introduced in 2008, becoming the most widely used and accepted digital currency. According to the European Central Bank's 2015 \"Virtual currency schemes – a further analysis\" report, virtual currency is a digital representation of value, not issued by a central bank, credit institution or e-money institution, which, in some circumstances, can be used as an alternative to money. In the previous report of October 2012, the virtual currency was defined as a type of unregulated, digital money,","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"5067799","text":"as the Community Exchange System, WIR and Friendly Favors, Tibex in the Lazio region in Italy or the proposed global currency terra. A community currency is a type of complementary currency that has the explicit aim to support and build more equal, connected and sustainable societies. A community currency is designed to be used by a specific group. Some complementary currency activists are Belgian ex-banker Bernard Lietaer, British economist Hazel Henderson, Dutch STRO-director Henk van Arkel that developed Cyclos, Qoin initiators Edgar Kampers and Rob van Hilten, Paul Glover of Ithaca HOURS, Margrit Kennedy from Monneta, LETSystem inventor Michael Linton,","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"5338532","text":"price freezes and ultimately a change in the national currency. During Sarney's presidency, Brazil had three currency units: the cruzeiro, the cruzado and the cruzado novo. Economic domestic troubles led to default on Brazil's international debt in 1988. This closed international financial markets for Brazil and its economic situation worsened. Despite the initial decrease, inflation returned higher than before the economic plans, reaching 84% a month in 1990. The government's inability to deal with inflation ultimately led parties that had led the political transition to lose the 1989 elections, the first elections under the new Constitution and the first presidential","title":"History of Brazil since 1985"},{"psg_id":"14076516","text":"enter Brazil as foreigners, subject to the regular requirements and limitations as such. However, usually this case is only possible if Brazil does not require a visa from the other nationality. Brazil only issues visas to dual citizens in exceptional circumstances, such as for those who work in foreign government jobs that prohibit the use of a Brazilian passport. Nationals of the following 4 countries are eligible to apply for an electronic visa for up to a maximum stay of 90 days per year, for tourism or business purposes: Holders of diplomatic or service passports of countries exempt from tourist","title":"Visa policy of Brazil"},{"psg_id":"11987384","text":"made legal tender to one peso fuerte. The monetary law of 31 May 1823, confirmed that of 1821 but allowed the (temporary) minting of silver coin only .666 fine. Colombia's currency was composed of a variety of coins, pre-1772 pesos, pesos of the 1772 and 1786 standards, macuquinas (cobs) of diverse types, and various coins minted by republicans and royalists during the wars of independence. This situation would continue for decades despite several attempts to unify the currency. Proclamation of Gran Colombia led to a third type of \"india\" coinage, dated 1820, with REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA replacing LIBERTAD AMERICANA and","title":"Currency of Colombia"},{"psg_id":"2480282","text":"to other domestic considerations, and that the fixed exchange rate will, to a large extent, also fix a country's terms of trade, irrespective of economic differences between it and its trading partners. Typically, currency boards have advantages for small, open economies which would find independent monetary policy difficult to sustain. They can also form a credible commitment to low inflation. More than 70 countries have had currency boards. Currency boards were most widespread in the early and mid 20th century. Hong Kong operates a currency board (Hong Kong Monetary Authority), as does Bulgaria. Estonia had a currency board fixed to","title":"Currency board"},{"psg_id":"17544507","text":"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \"Just Dance 2015\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \"What do the Foxes Say?\" in 442oons video. !scope=\"col\" colspan=\"3\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"psg_id":"7308514","text":"and because of this the United States imported about four times as much as it exported to Brazil. In 1885 Brazil was producing more than one half of the world's supply of coffee. Brazil's trade in 1890 was more than $71 million while that of Argentina and Chile was $14 million and $6 million respectively. Soon after 1896, the production of coffee started to surpass consumption and prices began to fall in Brazil. Brazil then stored their coffee instead of selling all of it, and when there was bad season of coffee production they would use what they had previously","title":"Economic history of Brazil"},{"psg_id":"6929273","text":"subsidy. Both inflation and demurrage reduce the purchasing power of money held over time, but demurrage does so through fixed regular fees, while inflation does it in a variety of ways. Inflation is certainly not always everywhere a monetary phenomenon. Inflation is not always easy to predict & it does not stay fixed through time, but the level of demurrage is fixed by the Government. Gresham's law that \"bad money drives out good\" suggests that demurrage fees would mean that a currency would suffer more rapid circulation than competing forms of currency. This led some such as German-Argentine economist Silvio","title":"Demurrage (currency)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9850126\",\n \"text\": \"Gaucho (currency) The Gaucho was the name of a currency intended to be used by Argentina and Brazil in the context of the Argentina-Brazil Integration and Economics Cooperation Program or PICE (Spanish: Programa de Integración y Cooperación Económica Argentina-Brasil) to make interregional payments. It was named after the gauchos typical of both Argentina and Southern Brazil. After the signing of the Protocol Number 20, in 1987, no further action was ever taken by any of the countries to effectively put the currency into use. Mercosur, an economic bloc including Brazil and Argentina, establishing broader economic integration, was created in 1991,\",\n \"title\": \"Gaucho (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11592265\",\n \"text\": \"moneda national\\\" (peso national currency). The economy picked up after 1876 and the 1880s were a period of prosperity and expansion. Internal peace was achieved in 1884, and there was a heavy influx of foreign capital. The Reus Law of 1887 made it easy to establish new banks (the most important of which was Banco Nacional). While Uruguay's neighbors, Argentina and Brazil, were obliged to use inconvertible paper currency, Uruguay continued to use gold. By 1889 the flow of foreign capital was drying up, and the prices paid for Uruguay's exports were falling. Gold was leaving the country, and Banco\",\n \"title\": \"Currency of Uruguay\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11592239\",\n \"text\": \"Currency of Uruguay This is an outline of Uruguay's monetary history. For the present currency of Uruguay, see Uruguayan peso. Uruguay's currency was initially that common to all of Spanish America. During the struggle over this region, initially between Spain and Portugal, then between Argentina and Brazil, the coinage of both contestants circulated. When the area was annexed to Brazil in 1821 as Provincia Cisplatina, the Portuguese (Brazilian) administration put notes of Banco do Brazil into circulation. This was the first paper money to circulate in Uruguay. Then, in 1826–1828, Argentine troops fighting against Brazil were paid in one-peso notes\",\n \"title\": \"Currency of Uruguay\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183543\",\n \"text\": \"Central Bank as \\\"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\\\". The US Department of Treasury in 2013 defined it more tersely as \\\"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\\\". The key attribute a virtual currency does not have according to these definitions, is the status as legal tender. Since 2001, the European Union has implemented the E-Money Directive \\\"on the taking up, pursuit and prudential\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810778\",\n \"text\": \"week.\\\" VanDerWerff of the \\\"LA Times\\\", Ryan of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\", Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" and Mark Medley of the \\\"National Post\\\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810760\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15347806\",\n \"text\": \"propagation of the currency, and ensure that the number of students arriving in any university doesn't exceed the capacity to handle them. Saber (sectoral currency) The Saber (Portuguese for \\\"to know\\\") currency is a proposal of an educational sectoral currency initially presented in Brazil. It would be handed out by the ministry of education. The currency is given for free to pupils, who can use it to buy education from older pupils. The currency propagates from lower grades to higher grades in schools and finally propagates to universities where it is used to buy education from the state. At this\",\n \"title\": \"Saber (sectoral currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15347805\",\n \"text\": \"Saber (sectoral currency) The Saber (Portuguese for \\\"to know\\\") currency is a proposal of an educational sectoral currency initially presented in Brazil. It would be handed out by the ministry of education. The currency is given for free to pupils, who can use it to buy education from older pupils. The currency propagates from lower grades to higher grades in schools and finally propagates to universities where it is used to buy education from the state. At this point it is collected and returned to the ministry. The duration the currency remains valid is limited in order to encourage fast\",\n \"title\": \"Saber (sectoral currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809757\",\n \"text\": \"other countries not directly involved such as Australia; if the \\\"currency war\\\" continues they may be exposed to harmful upwards pressure on their exchange rates. By December 2010, currency war was less of a hot topic and wasn't even on the agenda for the bilateral trade talks held between China and the US, but the issues still remain unresolved, with many emerging economies considering increased use of capital controls to cope with potentially de-stabilising capital inflows. January 2011 saw new interventions to prevent currency appreciation and volatility from Brazil, South Korea and even from Chile – a country with a\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945153\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15968633\",\n \"text\": \"number of coins. Trays used to handle currency, often sorting by denomination. Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \\\"curled\\\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together\",\n \"title\": \"Currency packaging\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810767\",\n \"text\": \"reviews\\\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \\\" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \\\"The New York Times\\\" described the episode as \\\"contemplative\\\", \\\"anticlimactic\\\" and \\\"subdued\\\" and the flash sideways as \\\"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\\\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \\\" 'What Kate\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15968631\",\n \"text\": \"Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \\\"curled\\\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together in groups of 10 (1000 banknotes) and vacuumized. A cliche print containing\",\n \"title\": \"Currency packaging\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13879803\",\n \"text\": \"Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees. Run by volunteers, there is no paid staff. Dr. Dean Nicolle began looking for land between Mount Compass and Strathalbyn in 1990 to create an arboretum. The specific soil type\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Creek Arboretum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8557362\",\n \"text\": \"the result in. The application software then calculates and displays the corresponding amount of money. Currency converters aim to maintain real-time information on current market or bank exchange rates, so that the calculated result changes whenever the value of either of the component currencies does. They do so by connecting to a database of current currency exchange rates. The frequency at which currency converters update the exchange rates they use varies: Yahoo currency converter updates its rates every day, while Convert My Money< every hour. Currency converters usually display a value that is not biased towards buying or selling. This\",\n \"title\": \"Currency converter\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945154\",\n \"text\": \"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \\\"How Many Hearts\\\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14187980\",\n \"text\": \"Currency transaction tax A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on the use of currency for various types of transactions. The tax is associated with the financial sector and is a type of financial transaction tax, as opposed to a consumption tax paid by consumers, though the tax may be passed on by the financial institution to the customer. Currency transaction taxes have been proposed as taxes on domestic currency usage as part of the automated payment transaction (APT) tax and on international currency transactions, the Tobin tax and the Spahn tax. The automated payment transaction (APT) tax was\",\n \"title\": \"Currency transaction tax\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067796\",\n \"text\": \"oil, services, etc.). A time-based currency is valued by the time required to perform a service in hours, notwithstanding the potential market value of the service. Another type of complementary monetary systems is the barter, an exchange of specific goods or services is performed without the use of any currency. In 1982, the most widespread auxiliary currency system, the Local Exchange Trading Systems, was created. It regulates the exchange of goods and services between the members of the cooperative. Examples for an investment system of complementary currency are the Automatic Social Financial Network (ASFN) and the international crowdsourcing and crowd-funding\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6927048\",\n \"text\": \"2013. In 2008, Crane acquired Visual Physics, a subsidiary of Nanoventions, based in Atlanta, Georgia. This purchase gave Crane exclusive control of Motion micro-optic security technology that is used for the protection of banknotes. Crane Currency Crane Currency is a manufacturer of cotton-based paper products used in the printing of national currencies, passports and banknotes. Crane remains the sole supplier of paper for use in U.S. currency (Federal Reserve Notes). Stephen Crane was the first in the Crane family to become a papermaker, buying his first mill, \\\"The Liberty Paper Mill\\\", in 1770. He sold currency-type paper to engraver Paul\",\n \"title\": \"Crane Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183541\",\n \"text\": \"bitcoin is a digital currency but also a type of virtual currency. Bitcoin and its alternatives are based on cryptographic algorithms, so these kinds of virtual currencies are also called cryptocurrencies. Most of the traditional money supply is bank money held on computers. This is also considered digital currency. One could argue that our increasingly cashless society means that all currencies are becoming digital, but they are not presented to us as such. Currency can be exchanged electronically using debit cards and credit cards using electronic funds transfer at point of sale. A number of electronic money systems use contactless\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656487\",\n \"text\": \"Virtual currency Virtual currency, or virtual money, is a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community. The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has warned investors against pump and dump schemes that use virtual currencies. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the US Treasury, defined virtual currency in its guidance published in 2013. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined virtual currency as \\\"a digital representation of value that is neither issued by a central bank or a public\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6927043\",\n \"text\": \"Crane Currency Crane Currency is a manufacturer of cotton-based paper products used in the printing of national currencies, passports and banknotes. Crane remains the sole supplier of paper for use in U.S. currency (Federal Reserve Notes). Stephen Crane was the first in the Crane family to become a papermaker, buying his first mill, \\\"The Liberty Paper Mill\\\", in 1770. He sold currency-type paper to engraver Paul Revere, who printed the American Colonies' first paper money. In 1801, Crane was founded by Zenas Crane, Henry Wiswall and John Willard. The company's original mill had a daily output of 20 posts (1\",\n \"title\": \"Crane Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183535\",\n \"text\": \"Digital currency Digital currency (digital money, electronic money or electronic currency) is a type of currency available in digital form (in contrast to physical, such as banknotes and coins). It exhibits properties similar to physical currencies, but can allow for instantaneous transactions and borderless transfer-of-ownership. Examples include virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies and central bank issued money accounted for in a computer database (including digital base money). Like traditional money, these currencies may be used to buy physical goods and services, but may also be restricted to certain communities such as for use inside an online game or social network. Digital\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69242\",\n \"text\": \"currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound, although units of or occasionally also occur. Some currencies do not have any smaller units at all, such as the Icelandic króna. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system; instead, the Mauritanian ouguiya is in theory divided into\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957829\",\n \"text\": \"Debate, and also in an article for the \\\"Financial Times\\\", Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff called for the currency war to be ended by increased use of floating currencies and greater cooperation and solidarity among major economies, with exchange rate policies set for the good of all rather than having individual nations striving to gain an advantage for themselves. In March 2012, Rousseff said Brazil was still experiencing undesirable upwards pressure on its currency, with its Finance Minister Guido Mantega saying his country will no longer \\\"play the fool\\\" and allow others to get away with competitive devaluation, announcing new measures\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5644206\",\n \"text\": \"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \\\"textbook\\\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants\",\n \"title\": \"Currency swap\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69220\",\n \"text\": \"relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. Other definitions of the term \\\"currency\\\" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain political jurisdictions. Others are simply traded for their economic\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067790\",\n \"text\": \"considered a form of alternative currency. Barters are another type of alternative currency. These are actually exchange systems, which only trade items; thus without the use of any currency whatsoever. Finally, LETS is a special form of barter which trades points for items. One point stands for one worker-hour of work. Complementary currencies are often designed intentionally to address specific issues, for example to increase financial stability. Most complementary currencies have multiple purposes and/or are intended to address multiple issues. They can be useful for communities that do not have access to financial capital, and for adjusting peoples' spending behavior.\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926460\",\n \"text\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \\\"nigga\\\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \\\"Scoopy Rap\\\" and \\\"Family Rap\\\" in 1979, and \\\"New York\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014931\",\n \"text\": \"What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \\\"The Smiths\\\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \\\"Hatful of Hollow\\\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is among his least favourite songs\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050855\",\n \"text\": \"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\\\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \\\"The Rough Guide to Rock\\\", however, called it \\\"as half-baked as its title\\\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050853\",\n \"text\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014933\",\n \"text\": \"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \\\"The Tube\\\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \\\"die very quickly\\\", and that he wanted to \\\"herald the death\\\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067789\",\n \"text\": \"use: local or community currencies are complementary currencies used within a locality or other form of community (such as business-based or online communities); regional currencies are similar to local currencies but used within a larger geographical region; and sectoral currencies are complementary currencies used within a single economic sector, such as education or health care. Many private currencies are complementary currencies issued by private businesses or organizations. Other terms include alternative currency, auxiliary currency, and microcurrency. Mutual credit is a form of alternative currency, and thus any form of lending that does not go through the banking system can be\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701664\",\n \"text\": \"financial assets denominated in a foreign currency. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution, for example, Argentina and Peru were both in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s. \\\"Dollarization\\\", when referring to currency substitution, does not necessarily involve use of the United States dollar. The currencies that have been used as substitutes have been the US dollar, the euro, and the Australian dollar. After the gold standard was abandoned at the outbreak of World War I and the Bretton Woods Conference following World War II, some countries sought exchange rate\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926463\",\n \"text\": \"was first used on the song \\\"Rock 'N' Roll\\\" which later became \\\"You'll Be Under My Wheels\\\". The second time they used it is from a song called \\\"Lyrical Terrorist\\\" which later became \\\"Serial Thrilla\\\", but it was soon used on the album \\\"The Day Is My Enemy\\\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13879805\",\n \"text\": \"eucalypt conservation, cultivation, ecology, physiology, systematics, and taxonomy. Additional research consists of the cut flower industry and honey production, as well as tree use, such as firewood, shade, and windbreaks. Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees.\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Creek Arboretum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544677\",\n \"text\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward\",\n \"title\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810761\",\n \"text\": \"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \\\"What Kate Did\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809761\",\n \"text\": \"the currency war had ended – governments of emerging economies were increasingly deciding to accept currency appreciation so as to mitigate rising food prices, one of the causes behind civil discontent driving the Arab Spring. In April, the \\\"Financial Times\\\" joined Bloomberg in reporting that the currency war was beginning to fizzle out, again suggesting a key reason was the trend for emerging economies to allow currency appreciation as a means to offset inflation. Although Brazil is one of the emerging countries that has recently abandoned intervening against appreciation, her finance minister Guido Mantega disagreed with suggestions that the 'currency\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14187990\",\n \"text\": \"governments the freedom to act in the best interests of their own economic development, rather than being forced to shape fiscal and monetary policies according to demands of fickle financial markets.\\\" In early November 2007, a regional Tobin tax was adopted by the Bank of the South in Latin America, after an initiative of Presidents Hugo Chavez from Venezuela and Néstor Kirchner from Argentina. Currency transaction tax A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on the use of currency for various types of transactions. The tax is associated with the financial sector and is a type of financial transaction\",\n \"title\": \"Currency transaction tax\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3664841\",\n \"text\": \"than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but disallowed their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Act\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656489\",\n \"text\": \"to its regulations defining currency as \\\"the coin and paper money of the United States or of any other country that [i] is designated as legal tender and that [ii] circulates and [iii] is customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issuance\\\", also called \\\"real currency\\\" by FinCEN, defined virtual currency as \\\"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\\\". In particular, virtual currency does not have legal tender status in any jurisdiction. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10159600\",\n \"text\": \"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency-counting machine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3317067\",\n \"text\": \"have been written supporting the management of community currencies. In 1998, Richard Kay, a Senior Lecturer at Birmingham City University, wrote a \\\"Multi-registry System\\\" specification for routing and processing community currency transactions using an approach designed to be decentralized, with no single point of control or failure, using the Domain Name System for server discovery. Community currency A community currency is a type of complementary currency that is used by groups with a common bond, like members of a locality, or association, and designed to meet their needs. A community currency may be geography-based, making it a type of local\",\n \"title\": \"Community currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3317066\",\n \"text\": \"Community currency A community currency is a type of complementary currency that is used by groups with a common bond, like members of a locality, or association, and designed to meet their needs. A community currency may be geography-based, making it a type of local currency, or it may be used within a business-based, or online community. Community currencies aim at using money as a tool to achieve social or environmental objectives. According to the New Economics Foundation partner Community Currencies in Action: Some of the purposes for community currencies identified by Community Currencies in Action include: Several software packages\",\n \"title\": \"Community currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809741\",\n \"text\": \"dollar float freely. While the US has taken no direct action to devalue its currency, there is close to universal consensus among analysts that its quantitative easing programmes exert downwards pressure on the dollar. According to many analysts the currency war had largely fizzled out by mid-2011, though others including Mantega disagreed. As of March 2012, outbreaks of rhetoric were still occurring, with additional measures being adopted by countries like Brazil to control the appreciation of their currency. Yet by June, there were signs that currency misalignment had been levelling out in China and across the world, with even Mantega\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809781\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"scapegoat\\\" for the US's failings. China accused the US of waging the currency war and that it has \\\"exercised financial policies characterised as 'economic egoism.'\\\" In April 2011, the \\\"Financial Times\\\" reported that Chinese officials have signalled 2016 as a date when they expect to stop intervening against their currency by buying dollar assets. Brazil is a large economy which has generally allowed their currency to float freely, with the exception of some low level interventions to counter large capital inflows resulting from major stock sales. As a result, since early 2009 her currency has risen substantially against the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980606\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8947792\",\n \"text\": \"had not been completed and thus fell under the scope of the new law. The Sherman-Grant notes exist only as specimens. Fractional currency Fractional currency, also referred to as shinplasters, was introduced by the United States federal government following the outbreak of the Civil War. These fractional notes were in use between 21 August 1862 and 15 February 1876, and issued in 3, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 cent denominations across five issuing periods. The complete type set below is part of the National Numismatic Collection, housed at the National Museum of American History, part of the Smithsonian Institution.\",\n \"title\": \"Fractional currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8947784\",\n \"text\": \"Fractional currency Fractional currency, also referred to as shinplasters, was introduced by the United States federal government following the outbreak of the Civil War. These fractional notes were in use between 21 August 1862 and 15 February 1876, and issued in 3, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 50 cent denominations across five issuing periods. The complete type set below is part of the National Numismatic Collection, housed at the National Museum of American History, part of the Smithsonian Institution. The Civil War economy catalyzed a shortage of United States coinage—gold and silver coins were hoarded given their intrinsic bullion value\",\n \"title\": \"Fractional currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"935053\",\n \"text\": \"built from primitive types. A type system associates types with computed values. By examining the flow of these values, a type system attempts to prove that no \\\"type errors\\\" can occur. The type system in question determines what constitutes a type error, but a type system generally seeks to guarantee that operations expecting a certain kind of value are not used with values for which that operation does not make sense. A compiler may use the static type of a value to optimize the storage it needs and the choice of algorithms for operations on the value. In many C\",\n \"title\": \"Data type\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601481\",\n \"text\": \"History of Chinese currency The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper money was invented in China in the 9th century, but the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Chinese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701670\",\n \"text\": \"currency substitution by adopting the US dollar as legal tender in 1904. This type of currency substitution is also known as de jure currency substitution. Currency substitution can be used semiofficially (or officially bimonetary systems), where the foreign currency is legal tender alongside the domestic currency. In literature, there is a set of related definitions of currency substitution such as external liability currency substitution, domestic liability currency substitution, banking sector's liability currency substitution or deposit currency substitution, and credit dollarlization. External liability currency substitution measures total external debt (private and public) denominated in foreign currencies of the economy. Deposit currency\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12848972\",\n \"text\": \"Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI). The table below shows the statistics as of 31 December 2016 in billions of US dollars using the exchange rate at the end of the year. The total value is $4,687 billion. China is not part of the calculation and may be over a trillion dollars today. That leaves over 160 countries not calculated. The calculation also does not include Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ripple, whose total value in circulation exceeds one hundred billion dollars. Circulation (currency) In monetary economics, circulation is the continuing use of individual units of a currency for\",\n \"title\": \"Circulation (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14086303\",\n \"text\": \"policy in relation to the so-called Currency war. Brazil has called for China to allow a faster appreciation of its currency, which would help other countries to better compete against Chinese exports. Brazil also criticised US policy, saying both China and the US should seek to avoid escalating economic tension concerning trade and currency. Trade between China and Brazil was worth almost $80 US Dollars as of 2014. China is expanding economic ties into Latin America, and Brazil falls into that category. China is investing a Brazilian electric transmission line from the Amazon, as well as importing Brazilian planes and\",\n \"title\": \"Brazil–China relations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701668\",\n \"text\": \"the share of all foreign currency deposits held by domestic residents at home and abroad in their total monetary assets. Unofficial currency substitution or de facto currency substitution is the most common type of currency substitution. Unofficial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets in foreign currency, even though the foreign currency is not legal tender there. They hold deposits in the foreign currency because of a bad track record of the local currency, or as a hedge against inflation of the domestic currency. Official currency substitution or full\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050854\",\n \"text\": \"lyrics of the Beatles song \\\"She Said, She Said\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \\\"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\\\" \\\"Trouser Press\\\" called it \\\"even better\\\" than \\\"Script of the Bridge\\\", \\\"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11958746\",\n \"text\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663178\",\n \"text\": \"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \\\"What Does The Bee Do?\\\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \\\"IGN\\\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \\\"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\\\" \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" rated the episode an \\\"A-\\\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11958748\",\n \"text\": \"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663175\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the Bee Do? \\\"What Does the Bee Do?\\\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \\\"Boardwalk Empire\\\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69236\",\n \"text\": \"mostly paper, but Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation developed the world's first polymer currency in the 1980s that went into circulation on the nation's bicentenary in 1988. Now used in some 22 countries (over 40 if counting commemorative issues), polymer currency dramatically improves the life span of banknotes and prevents counterfeiting. Currency use is based on the concept of lex monetae; that a sovereign state decides which currency it shall use. Currently, the International Organization for Standardization has introduced a three-letter system of codes (ISO 4217) to define currency (as opposed to simple names or currency signs), in\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601511\",\n \"text\": \"as the main foreign trade and exchange bank. Foreign visitors to China were required to conduct transactions with Foreign Exchange Certificates issued by the Bank of China between 1979 and 1994. These have been abolished, and all transactions now occur in Renminbi. History of Chinese currency The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used\",\n \"title\": \"History of Chinese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1507226\",\n \"text\": \"Russia and the People's Republic of China, central banks, and economic analysts and groups, such as the Gulf Cooperation Council, have expressed a desire to see an independent new currency replace the dollar as the reserve currency. On 10 July 2009, Russian President Medvedev proposed a new 'world currency' at the G8 meeting in London as an alternative reserve currency to replace the dollar. China, Russia, India, Turkey, Brazil, Venezuela and other oil-producing countries have recently agreed \\\"to transact all of their mutual trade and investment in their own currencies\\\" effectively minimizing the need, at least in the short term,\",\n \"title\": \"Reserve currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809758\",\n \"text\": \"reputation for avoiding government intervention in favour of free market policies. Brazil's finance minister Guido Mantega who had raised the alarm about a currency war back in September, warned that matters were beginning to escalate into a trade war. He expressed concerns about the economic policies of both China and the US. By February, the US had stepped up diplomatic efforts to persuade emerging economies such as Brazil and India that China's intervention was the root cause of the currency war. However the US once again refrained from labelling China a currency manipulator. A Treasury report said that allowing for\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810770\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\\\" Whitney Matheson of \\\"USA Today\\\" said that she \\\"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\\\" after watching \\\"What Kate Does\\\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \\\"one of Josh\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11592240\",\n \"text\": \"issued by Banco Nacional of Buenos Aires for Provincia Oriental (\\\"Eastern Province\\\", i.e., Uruguay). All parties to the conflict used the Spanish dollar (Spanish \\\"peso\\\", Portuguese \\\" patacão\\\"), which circulated with a value of 8 Spanish reales or 960 Brazilian reis. Circulation consisted of coins from mints in Mexico, Potosí, Brazil, and Buenos Aires. During the turbulent period of conflict preceding independence, a considerable amount of poor-quality copper coin from both Buenos Aires and Brazil came into circulation. Peso (Patacón) = 8 Reales = 800 Centésimos de real (centavos) Onza de oro = 16 Pesos In 1828, Uruguay's currency was\",\n \"title\": \"Currency of Uruguay\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810777\",\n \"text\": \"that it by no means compared to \\\"LA X\\\", but stated that it \\\"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\\\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \\\"freakin' outstanding\\\" and called \\\"What Kate Does\\\" \\\"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810766\",\n \"text\": \"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \\\"What Kate Does\\\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \\\"generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69219\",\n \"text\": \"Currency A currency (from , \\\"in circulation\\\", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a \\\"system of money\\\" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition, US dollars, British pounds, Australian dollars, European euros and Russian ruble are examples of currency. These various currencies are recognized as stores of value and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69246\",\n \"text\": \"with few options other than to create a local currency. The following table are estimates of the 15 most frequently used currencies in world payments from 2012 to 2018 by SWIFT. Related concepts Accounting units Lists Currency A currency (from , \\\"in circulation\\\", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a \\\"system of money\\\" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition,\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980608\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7664539\",\n \"text\": \"is generally increased by adding currency exposure, yet there is no risk premium earned for that added volatility in the long term. Thus investors with international portfolios often hedge their currency risk, normally using forward currency contracts, currency swaps, currency futures contracts, or currency options. Currency hedging can be done passively or actively. The stream of returns from passive currency overlay is negatively correlated with international equities, has an expected return of zero, and does not employ any capital. The overlay manager uses forward contracts to match the portfolio’s currency exposures in such a way as to insure against exchange\",\n \"title\": \"Currency overlay\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19076702\",\n \"text\": \"printed. Outside of the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money for specialized issues, images of the last two types could not be found. The known population of remaining siege of Khartoum notes varies by denomination from the first type 100 piastre note (roughly 1,250 known) to the 50 Egyptian pound note (roughly 12 known). Presumably there are fewer still of the one piaster, second type 100 piastre, and 20 British pound notes. Siege of Khartoum currency Siege of Khartoum currency, an emergency paper money, was issued by Governor-General of the Sudan, British Major-General Charles George Gordon during the Siege of\",\n \"title\": \"Siege of Khartoum currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701683\",\n \"text\": \"effect of this regulation on the pattern of currency substitution depends on the public's expectations of macroeconomic stability and the sustainability of the foreign exchange regime. Currency substitution Currency substitution or dollarization is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency. Currency substitution can be full or partial. Most, if not all, full currency substitution has taken place after a major economic crisis, for example, Ecuador and El Salvador in Latin America and Zimbabwe in Africa. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use those of their\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701663\",\n \"text\": \"Currency substitution Currency substitution or dollarization is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency. Currency substitution can be full or partial. Most, if not all, full currency substitution has taken place after a major economic crisis, for example, Ecuador and El Salvador in Latin America and Zimbabwe in Africa. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use those of their larger neighbours; for example Liechtenstein uses the Swiss Franc. Partial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7134141\",\n \"text\": \"a single world currency is unnecessary, because the U.S. dollar is providing many of the benefits of a world currency while avoiding some of the costs. If the world does not form an optimum currency area, then it would be economically inefficient for the world to share one currency. In the present world, nations are not able to work together closely enough to be able to produce and support a common currency. There has to be a high level of trust between different countries before a true world currency could be created. A world currency might even undermine national sovereignty\",\n \"title\": \"World currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17514241\",\n \"text\": \"may lead to some of those drugs remaining in the animal when it is slaughtered or milked. Scientific experiments provide data that shows how long a drug is present in the body of an animal and what the animal's body does to the drug. Of particular concern are drugs that may be passed into milk or eggs. By the use of \\\"drug withdrawal periods: before slaughter or the use of milk or eggs from treated animals, veterinarians and animal owners ensure that the meat, milk and eggs is free of contamination. Brazil is the world's largest exporter of beef. The\",\n \"title\": \"Antibiotic use in livestock\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4858242\",\n \"text\": \"Currency crisis A currency crisis is a situation in which serious doubt exists as to whether a country's central bank has sufficient foreign exchange reserves to maintain the country's fixed exchange rate. The crisis is often accompanied by a speculative attack in the foreign exchange market. A currency crisis results from chronic balance of payments deficits, and thus is also called a balance of payments crisis. Often such a crisis culminates in a devaluation of the currency. A currency crisis is a type of financial crisis, and is often associated with a real economic crisis. A currency crisis raises the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency crisis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5644216\",\n \"text\": \"in U.S. dollars to overseas markets.\\\" While central bank liquidity swaps and currency swaps are structurally the same, currency swaps are commercial transactions driven by comparative advantage, while central bank liquidity swaps are emergency loans of US Dollars to overseas markets, and it is currently unknown whether or not they will be beneficial for the Dollar or the US in the long-term. The People's Republic of China has multiple year currency swap agreements of the Renminbi with Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Hong Kong, Iceland, Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, United Kingdom and Uzbekistan that perform a similar function to central\",\n \"title\": \"Currency swap\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"662361\",\n \"text\": \"in Canada and over 400 in the United Kingdom. Australia, France, New Zealand, and Switzerland have similar systems. Kenya: Senegal: South Africa: Japan: Hong Kong: Indonesia: Malaysia: Bangladesh [Chandpur Chittagonj Dhaka] Australia: Canada: \\\"See List of Canadian community currencies\\\"<br> Mexico: United States: \\\"See List of community currencies in the United States\\\" Argentina: Brazil: Venezuela: Austria: Belgium: Czech Republic: Denmark: France: Germany: Hungary: Greece: Italy: Latvia: Malta: Netherlands: Russia: Slovakia: Spain: Switzerland: Ukraine: United Kingdom: [[Category:Local currencies| ]] [[Category:Freiwirtschaft]] [[Category:Localism (politics)]] [[Category:Monetary reform]] [[Category:Community building]] Local currency In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a\",\n \"title\": \"Local currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69241\",\n \"text\": \"Several countries can use the same name for their own separate currencies (for example, \\\"dollar\\\" in Australia, Canada and the United States). By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency (for example, the euro or the CFA franc), or one country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender. For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared US currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 to 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States. At various times countries have either re-stamped foreign coins, or used currency board issuing one note of\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3703477\",\n \"text\": \"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \\\"does exactly what it says on the tube\\\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \\\"What It Says on the Tin\\\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \\\"It does exactly what it says on the tin\\\" was originally an advertising slogan\",\n \"title\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6180233\",\n \"text\": \"percent of farmers in both Brazil and Pakistan grow crops based on saved seeds from previous harvests. Consequentially, resistance to the introduction of GURT technology into developing countries is strong. The technology is restricted at the plant variety level, hence the term V-GURT. Trait specific genetic use restriction technologies (T-GURT) are a second type of GURT that would modify a crop in such a way that the genetic enhancement engineered into the crop does not function until the plant is treated with a specific chemical. The chemical acts as the external input, activating the target gene. One difference in T-GURTs\",\n \"title\": \"Genetic use restriction technology\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601494\",\n \"text\": \"with the \\\"Imperial Bank of China\\\" and the \\\"Hu Pu Bank\\\" (later the \\\"Ta-Ch'ing Government Bank\\\"), established by the Imperial government. The Republic of China was founded after the Xinhai Revolution toppled the Qing Dynasty. The Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China urgently needed to issue military currency for use in place of the previous Qing currency. Successively, each province declared independence from the Qing and issued their own military currency. In 1914, the National Currency Ordinance established the silver dollar as the national currency of the Republic of China. Although designs changed compared with Imperial era coins,\",\n \"title\": \"History of Chinese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3208806\",\n \"text\": \"Fictional currency A fictional currency is some form of currency defined, or alluded to, in works of fiction. The names of units of such currency are sometimes based on extant or historic currencies (e.g. \\\"Altairian dollars\\\" or \\\"Earth yen\\\") while other names, such as \\\"Kalganids\\\" in Asimov's \\\"Foundation\\\" series, may be wholly invented. A particularly common type, especially in science fiction, is electronically managed \\\"credits\\\". In some works of fiction, exchange media other than money are used. These are not currency as such, but rather nonstandard media of exchange used to avoid the difficulties of ensuring \\\"double coincidence of wants\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Fictional currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4858254\",\n \"text\": \"crisis as a 'balance of payments crisis' are changing the meaning of the term. Currency crisis A currency crisis is a situation in which serious doubt exists as to whether a country's central bank has sufficient foreign exchange reserves to maintain the country's fixed exchange rate. The crisis is often accompanied by a speculative attack in the foreign exchange market. A currency crisis results from chronic balance of payments deficits, and thus is also called a balance of payments crisis. Often such a crisis culminates in a devaluation of the currency. A currency crisis is a type of financial crisis,\",\n \"title\": \"Currency crisis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480285\",\n \"text\": \"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate\",\n \"title\": \"Currency board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601482\",\n \"text\": \"base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan in the late 19th century. Currently, the \\\"renminbi\\\" is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. The use of shell money is attested to in the Chinese writing system. The traditional characters for 'goods' (), 'buy/sell' (),\",\n \"title\": \"History of Chinese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183539\",\n \"text\": \"destabilizing effect on the Chinese Yuan currency due to speculation. Recent interest in cryptocurrencies has prompted renewed interest in digital currencies, with bitcoin, introduced in 2008, becoming the most widely used and accepted digital currency. According to the European Central Bank's 2015 \\\"Virtual currency schemes – a further analysis\\\" report, virtual currency is a digital representation of value, not issued by a central bank, credit institution or e-money institution, which, in some circumstances, can be used as an alternative to money. In the previous report of October 2012, the virtual currency was defined as a type of unregulated, digital money,\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067799\",\n \"text\": \"as the Community Exchange System, WIR and Friendly Favors, Tibex in the Lazio region in Italy or the proposed global currency terra. A community currency is a type of complementary currency that has the explicit aim to support and build more equal, connected and sustainable societies. A community currency is designed to be used by a specific group. Some complementary currency activists are Belgian ex-banker Bernard Lietaer, British economist Hazel Henderson, Dutch STRO-director Henk van Arkel that developed Cyclos, Qoin initiators Edgar Kampers and Rob van Hilten, Paul Glover of Ithaca HOURS, Margrit Kennedy from Monneta, LETSystem inventor Michael Linton,\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5338532\",\n \"text\": \"price freezes and ultimately a change in the national currency. During Sarney's presidency, Brazil had three currency units: the cruzeiro, the cruzado and the cruzado novo. Economic domestic troubles led to default on Brazil's international debt in 1988. This closed international financial markets for Brazil and its economic situation worsened. Despite the initial decrease, inflation returned higher than before the economic plans, reaching 84% a month in 1990. The government's inability to deal with inflation ultimately led parties that had led the political transition to lose the 1989 elections, the first elections under the new Constitution and the first presidential\",\n \"title\": \"History of Brazil since 1985\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14076516\",\n \"text\": \"enter Brazil as foreigners, subject to the regular requirements and limitations as such. However, usually this case is only possible if Brazil does not require a visa from the other nationality. Brazil only issues visas to dual citizens in exceptional circumstances, such as for those who work in foreign government jobs that prohibit the use of a Brazilian passport. Nationals of the following 4 countries are eligible to apply for an electronic visa for up to a maximum stay of 90 days per year, for tourism or business purposes: Holders of diplomatic or service passports of countries exempt from tourist\",\n \"title\": \"Visa policy of Brazil\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11987384\",\n \"text\": \"made legal tender to one peso fuerte. The monetary law of 31 May 1823, confirmed that of 1821 but allowed the (temporary) minting of silver coin only .666 fine. Colombia's currency was composed of a variety of coins, pre-1772 pesos, pesos of the 1772 and 1786 standards, macuquinas (cobs) of diverse types, and various coins minted by republicans and royalists during the wars of independence. This situation would continue for decades despite several attempts to unify the currency. Proclamation of Gran Colombia led to a third type of \\\"india\\\" coinage, dated 1820, with REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA replacing LIBERTAD AMERICANA and\",\n \"title\": \"Currency of Colombia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480282\",\n \"text\": \"to other domestic considerations, and that the fixed exchange rate will, to a large extent, also fix a country's terms of trade, irrespective of economic differences between it and its trading partners. Typically, currency boards have advantages for small, open economies which would find independent monetary policy difficult to sustain. They can also form a credible commitment to low inflation. More than 70 countries have had currency boards. Currency boards were most widespread in the early and mid 20th century. Hong Kong operates a currency board (Hong Kong Monetary Authority), as does Bulgaria. Estonia had a currency board fixed to\",\n \"title\": \"Currency board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544507\",\n \"text\": \"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \\\"Just Dance 2015\\\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \\\"What do the Foxes Say?\\\" in 442oons video. !scope=\\\"col\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7308514\",\n \"text\": \"and because of this the United States imported about four times as much as it exported to Brazil. In 1885 Brazil was producing more than one half of the world's supply of coffee. Brazil's trade in 1890 was more than $71 million while that of Argentina and Chile was $14 million and $6 million respectively. Soon after 1896, the production of coffee started to surpass consumption and prices began to fall in Brazil. Brazil then stored their coffee instead of selling all of it, and when there was bad season of coffee production they would use what they had previously\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of Brazil\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6929273\",\n \"text\": \"subsidy. Both inflation and demurrage reduce the purchasing power of money held over time, but demurrage does so through fixed regular fees, while inflation does it in a variety of ways. Inflation is certainly not always everywhere a monetary phenomenon. Inflation is not always easy to predict & it does not stay fixed through time, but the level of demurrage is fixed by the Government. Gresham's law that \\\"bad money drives out good\\\" suggests that demurrage fees would mean that a currency would suffer more rapid circulation than competing forms of currency. This led some such as German-Argentine economist Silvio\",\n \"title\": \"Demurrage (currency)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["brazilian real"],"string":"[\n \"brazilian real\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2193,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays tommy oliver in power rangers?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2540954","text":"Dino Rangers. According to S.P.D. Red Ranger Jack Landors, Tommy's services as a Power Ranger are well known in the future. In this episode, Jason David Frank didn't reprise his role as Tommy Oliver, and as such only appears morphed. He was instead voiced by Jeffrey Parazzo, who also portrays Trent. Although he doesn't appear on screen in the \"Power Rangers Operation Overdrive\" two-part episode \"Once a Ranger\", Kira mentions how Tommy would have enjoyed seeing the Operation Overdrive Power Rangers' base of operations, with Adam noting his incredulity that Tommy received a doctorate. Jason David Frank reprised the character","title":"Tommy Oliver"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540954\",\n \"text\": \"Dino Rangers. According to S.P.D. Red Ranger Jack Landors, Tommy's services as a Power Ranger are well known in the future. In this episode, Jason David Frank didn't reprise his role as Tommy Oliver, and as such only appears morphed. He was instead voiced by Jeffrey Parazzo, who also portrays Trent. Although he doesn't appear on screen in the \\\"Power Rangers Operation Overdrive\\\" two-part episode \\\"Once a Ranger\\\", Kira mentions how Tommy would have enjoyed seeing the Operation Overdrive Power Rangers' base of operations, with Adam noting his incredulity that Tommy received a doctorate. Jason David Frank reprised the character\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2540919","text":"Tommy Oliver Thomas \"Tommy\" Oliver is a fictional character from the universe of the American live action television franchise \"Power Rangers\". He is best known as being the original Green Ranger of the original Power Rangers team. He is a main character in the \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" TV series, as well as four of its successive incarnations \"Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers\", \"Power Rangers Zeo\", \"Power Rangers Turbo\", and \"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\" (where he returns as a legendary Power Ranger veteran). He also appeared in the \"Power Rangers Wild Force\" episode \"Forever Red\", the \"Power Rangers S.P.D.\" episode \"Wormhole\",","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540962","text":"version in the sequel. Often voted as the most popular character of the entire franchise, Tommy has been criticized for perceived subtexts of racial stereotyping and American nationalism in his White Ranger incarnation. The character was only intended to appear for one season but became so popular that Tommy became a breakout character and a season regular. Tommy Oliver Thomas \"Tommy\" Oliver is a fictional character from the universe of the American live action television franchise \"Power Rangers\". He is best known as being the original Green Ranger of the original Power Rangers team. He is a main character in","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540955","text":"of Tommy Oliver in \"Power Rangers Super Megaforce\". He helped a boy out of a car that was dangling off the side of a bridge using Saba, the White Ranger's sword. He then appeared alongside the other Legendary Rangers including his former teammates, again as the original Green Ranger after, at some point prior, he found the restored Dragon Power Coin, to fight alongside the Megaforce Rangers and defeat the Armada. Tommy returned in \"Power Rangers Super Ninja Steel\" as the Dino Thunder Black Ranger, the Mighty Morphin' Green and White Ranger, and the Red Zeo Ranger. He has a","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540953","text":"Dino Gems to stop Mesogog for good. In the end, Tommy decides to pursue his life after Mesogog's destruction as a normal high school science teacher. The character of Tommy Oliver is not present during the \"Power Rangers S.P.D.\" episode \"History\", in which Conner, Kira, and Ethan go to their high school reunion in 2005, wondering if Tommy will arrive, only to be taken into the future by the S.P.D. Power Rangers' foe Broodwing. Tommy does return in the episode \"Wormhole\" when Emperor Grumm travels back in time to take over the Earth without S.P.D.'s interference, only to encounter the","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540922","text":"\"Power Rangers Dino Thunder - Collision Course\" DVD). Tommy also serves as a love interest to the original Pink Ranger Kimberly Hart before their separation. He later pursued a relationship with Kimberly's successor Kat Hillard. Tommy Oliver is first introduced in the \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" five-part episode \"Green with Evil\" as a new student at Angel Grove High School. Unlike other Power Rangers, his outfit includes a golden shield armor, two golden armbands, triangles instead of diamonds on the gloves and boots, and the belt buckle is golden instead of silver. After he spars with Jason Lee Scott (Red","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"19955317","text":"a comic book set shortly after the film's end entitled \"Aftershock\" was produced. A Justice League/Power Rangers crossover comic was also produced in conjunction with DC Comics. In July 2017, a second series called \"Go Go Power Rangers\" began with stories that take place before Tommy Oliver joined the team. In March 2018, both series started a crossover event for the 25th anniversary titled \"Shattered Grid\" with the tag line \"No Ranger is Safe\". This story line brought in rangers from all eras in a battle with a new villain, Lord Drakkon, an evil version of Tommy Oliver from an","title":"Power Rangers (comics)"},{"psg_id":"20848638","text":"2016. It is written by Kyle Higgins and drawn by Corin Howell, who was later replaced by Jonas Scharf. 30 issues have been published, including a #0 issue, three annual issues and a Free Comic Book Day 2018 special issue. In September 2018, the \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" creative team was changed by writer Marguerite Bennett and artist Simone di Meo. Plot: Tommy Oliver recently joined the Power Rangers, but has been suffering from visions of a possible future where he stays loyal to Rita Repulsa. That revelation leads the Rangers to meet Lord Drakkon, an evil version of Tommy","title":"Power Rangers (Boom! Studios)"},{"psg_id":"2540945","text":"of Power Rangers. Their new allies T.J. Johnson and Cassie Chan manage to help Kat fend off the Pirahantrons, and save Tommy from Divatox and Mama D's plans, resulting in Tommy (who is leaving for MIT) deciding that T.J. should be his successor as the new Red Turbo Ranger. Five years after Tommy gave his powers to T.J., Tommy returns in the \"Power Rangers Wild Force\" episode \"Forever Red\", where he is shown to own a resort with Bulk and Skull. Tommy leads a team made up of former Red Power Rangers, recruiting the current Red Ranger Cole Evans to","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"20848644","text":"was released on March 4, 2017. The Power Rangers deal with the aftermath of Goldar's rampage, only to cross path with a secret government agency named Apex. Power Rangers Artist Tribute is a 2018 hardcover book that collects artwork from various comic book artists. It was released on April 3, 2018. Power Rangers: Soul of the Dragon is a 2018 graphic novel written by Kyle Higgins and drawn by Giuseppe Cafaro. It was released on December 6, 2018. An older Tommy Oliver tries to find his son, an S.P.D. officer, who has gone missing after an undercover mission goes wrong.","title":"Power Rangers (Boom! Studios)"},{"psg_id":"17041320","text":"is an exact clone of Tommy Oliver that was created and put under a spell by the Wizard of Deception to serve as the an evil Green Ranger variant for Lord Zedd and Rita Repulsa. He is referred as \"Tom\" to differentiate himself from Tommy Oliver. Tom wears a green bandana with a ponytail behind his head. Being Tommy's perfect duplicate, Tom can easily deceive the Power Rangers to believe that Tommy has betrayed them to their enemies. He also has all of Tommy's tactics and trainings along with his former Green Ranger powers, allowing him to be able to","title":"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"19955318","text":"alternate reality. In September 2018, a new story line entitled \"Beyond the Grid\" began in the \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" comic series. Shifting focus away from the Mighty Morphin team, the new story deals with Grace Sterling and a new team of Power Rangers she has formed from the rangers that were displaced from normal space time (due to the events of \"Shattered Grid\") as they deal with a new villain and discover more mysteries about the Morphin Grid. In December 2018, the graphic novel \"Power Rangers: Soul of the Dragon\" released. The story focuses on an older Tommy Oliver","title":"Power Rangers (comics)"},{"psg_id":"2540934","text":"in the past to protect colonial Angel Grove despite Tommy offering Tom to join the Power Rangers, while the others return to the present time. Tom also keeps the Green Ranger powers. In season 3, Rita's brother Rito Revolto comes to Earth and manages to destroy the Rangers Zords and Power Coins. After the group seeks out the Power Coins creator Ninjor, he grants the team new Ninja Power Coins, and Tommy as the White Ninja Ranger receives the Falcon Power Coin and the new Falconzord. Later, Tommy meets Kat Hillard, who has been enchanted by Rita into serving her,","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2712029","text":"age of dinosaurs. In this season, Tommy Oliver, from \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" to \"Power Rangers Turbo\" fame, returns as a paleontology professor in Reefside, California. When he is assigned three detention students, Conner, Ethan, and Kira, they end up finding the Dino Gems, paving the way for them to become the Dino Rangers. Conner gains the power of the Tyrannozord (based on the \"Tyrannosaurus\"), as well as super-speed; Ethan gains the power of the Tricerazord (based on the \"Triceratops\"), as well as the ability to make his skin invulnerable; and Kira gains the power of the Pterazord (based on","title":"Power Rangers Dino Thunder"},{"psg_id":"18621853","text":"Zordon's use of Power Rangers as child soldiers. He interrogates a restrained Kimberly, the former Pink Ranger, about the location of Tommy Oliver, the former Green Ranger. He details the tragic lives of Jason, Rocky's predecessor as Red Ranger, who was gunned down eight hours after marrying Kimberly, when Bulk and Skull revealed their location to a police force; Zack, the former Black Ranger, was an insatiable action junkie who became a Machine Empire enforcer and was assassinated after a threesome with Divatox and Scorpina; Billy Cranston, the former Blue Ranger, became an openly-gay trillionaire weapons manufacturer who seemingly committed","title":"Power/Rangers"},{"psg_id":"20848641","text":"by Ryan Parrott and drawn by Dan Mora. It started running on July 27, 2017. The Power Rangers try to deal with the responsibility of saving the world, as well as dealing with their real-life issues. Issues #8-12 feature a tie-in story to the \"Shattered Grid\" event, debuting the Ranger Slayer, a version of Kimberly from the same alternate timeline as Lord Drakkon (Tommy Oliver). Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: 25th Anniversary Special is a one-shot issue released on June 27, 2018. The issue featured various stories from the \"Power Rangers\" universe, created by many writers and artists for the 25th","title":"Power Rangers (Boom! Studios)"},{"psg_id":"2540938","text":"to his original age, but the machine is stolen by Rito and Goldar, and Rita and Zedd destroy the Ninja Power Coins. The five child Power Rangers are sent through time to retrieve the pieces of the Zeo Crystal. Tommy is sent to a point in the past on Native American land, where he meets Sam Trueheart who leads him to a test where he must find the Red Sub-Crystal amongst two fakes. After succeeding, Tommy returns to the present time, but not before Sam gives him half of an arrowhead pendant. During \"Power Rangers Zeo\", time is restored to","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540956","text":"master morpher that lets him change into all of his Ranger forms (sans Red Turbo). The evil Lord Draven from the Antiverse dimension teams up with Madame Odius, to conquer all the dimensions including the main Power Rangers dimension, the RPM Power Rangers dimension and the Dino Charge Rangers dimension. He captures Tommy to make his first evil robot clone. The robot Tommy then captures six former rangers; Rocky DeSantos, Katherine Hillard, T.J. Johnson, Trent Fernandez, Antonio Garcia, and Gia Moran to make an army of evil robot clones. The real Tommy is able to break free, and with the","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"20074982","text":"Street Fighter franchise are Ryu, Guile, Chun Li, Akuma, Cammy and M. Bison. In July 2018, an original fighter known as Ryu Ranger (Street Fighter's Ryu morphed into a Power Ranger) was introduced into the game. Power Rangers: Legacy Wars - Street Fighter Showdown is a short film produced by Bat in the Sun and released on October 11, 2018 to promote the game and its \"Street Fighter\" content. It features Ryu and Chun Li teaming up Tommy Oliver the Mighty Morphin Green Ranger and Gia Moran the Yellow Megaforce Ranger to face off against M. Bison. Power Rangers: Legacy","title":"Power Rangers: Legacy Wars"},{"psg_id":"2540939","text":"normal and Tommy, with Kat, Rocky, Adam, and new friend Tanya Sloan replacing Aisha Campbell who chose to stay in Africa, is given the powers of the Zeo Crystal and the Zeo Rangers protect the Earth from the Machine Empire. Tommy remains the team's leader and is assigned to be the Red Zeo Ranger V. Later, Kimberly, while she is living in Paris for the Pan Global Games, sends Tommy a Dear John letter, ending their relationship. Kat attempts to find a new girlfriend for Tommy despite her feelings for him, but their duties as Power Rangers prevent any relationship","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540930","text":"Dark Rangers and allowing the others to defeat Turbanshell. With his powers gone once again, Tommy leaves Angel Grove, again, spending time at his uncle's lakeside cabin. In season 2's two-part \"White Light\" saga, Lord Zedd sends his monsters Nimrod, A.C., and D.C. to attack, who easily overpower the Power Rangers, leading Zordon and Alpha to come up with a plan to recruit a new Ranger. Initially the teens are put off at the idea of a newcomer out of their loyalty to Tommy, but are thrilled once they discover that it is actually Tommy himself, who has now become","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540943","text":"and new member Justin Stewart replacing Rocky DeSantos due to a recent back injury- are given new powers to morph into the Turbo Rangers, with Tommy still serving as team leader as the Red Turbo Ranger. They use their new powers to save Jason and Kimberly, who have been kidnapped by Divatox as sacrifices for Maligore, and Tommy's unsure feelings for Kimberly result in the group nearly losing and at the ending of the tournament Tommy hugs Kat. In \"Power Rangers Turbo\", as he and his friends graduate from high school, Tommy becomes interested in stock car racing. The group","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540925","text":"battle, the Power Rangers discover that their foe is none other than their classmate Tommy. After Tommy escapes, he uses the Dragon Dagger to summon the Dragonzord to attack the city. Zordon is revived and reveals the Power Rangers' Dinozords have been restored by the Earth's lava, allowing them to counter the Dragonzord's attack. The Red Ranger is then able to battle the Green Ranger one-on-one, and destroys the Sword of Darkness, freeing Tommy from Rita's spell. Zordon then offers Tommy a part on the team to atone for his misdeeds, and he agrees. During his time with the group,","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"11041931","text":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage was a live stage show featuring the second season team of the \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" (Tommy Oliver as the White Ranger, Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park, Aisha Campbell, Billy Cranston, and Kimberly Hart). It tells how the Power Rangers defeat Lord Zedd's plans to take over the Earth while trying to defeat Lumintor, The Fire Lion. Unlike the Sentai stage shows that feature the actual actors from the series, this show incorporates stage actors in the Power Ranger suits playing out with","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage"},{"psg_id":"2540948","text":"Power Rangers. Tommy mentors the group, keeping his past secret, until he discovers the monsters attacking Reefside are controlled by Mesogog. His three students soon discover the man they know as \"Dr. O\" was one of the previous Power Rangers, a fact that Hayley corrects them on by saying that he was one of the best. Tommy, using the powers of the Black Dino Gem, joins the group as the Black Dino Ranger, controlling the Brachiozord. When the White Dino Ranger appears, Tommy's dedication to saving the lives of innocents seems to give Tommy cause to show no mercy to","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"11041933","text":"Toronto, Ontario, Albany, New York, Denver, Colorado, Indianapolis, Indiana, Cincinnati, Ohio, Austin, Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Las Vegas, Nevada, Philadelphia New Haven, Connecticut, Chicago, Illinois, and New York City at Radio City Music Hall. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage was a live stage show featuring the second season team of the \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" (Tommy Oliver as the White Ranger, Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park, Aisha Campbell, Billy Cranston, and Kimberly Hart). It tells how the Power Rangers defeat Lord Zedd's plans to take over the Earth","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage"},{"psg_id":"2540921","text":"among the Power Rangers community and is considered to be the greatest Power Ranger of all time, having been five different Power Rangers — the Green Ranger, the White Ranger, Zeo Ranger V–Red, the Red Turbo Ranger, and the Dino Thunder Black Ranger — and a part of four Ranger teams over the years. In addition, Tommy is a lifelong practitioner of the martial arts; during the first season of \"Power Rangers\", he was referred to as having a third-degree black belt in karate. By \"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\", he is a 6th degree black belt. (\"Return of the Ranger\",","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2543976","text":"events of \"Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers\", where Tommy and the other Rangers (Adam, Rocky, Tanya, Katherine and Billy) witness the destruction of the Command Center. After recovering, the powerless Rangers discover the Zeo Crystal intact in the rubble—apparently dropped by Goldar and Rito Revolto. The Crystal guides them to a portal, which takes them deep underground to the Power Chamber where they find Zordon and Alpha 5 waiting for them. The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers become the Zeo Rangers, a new team of Rangers powered by the Zeo Crystal. The four remaining Mighty Morphin Rangers, Tommy, Adam, Rocky and Kat","title":"Power Rangers Zeo"},{"psg_id":"2540937","text":"uses their powers to split it into five pieces and send it to different parts of history so Master Vile can never use its powers to harm the Earth. In the events of \"Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers\", Tommy, the other Power Rangers, and all of Angel Grove are sent back in time by Master Vile's Orb of Doom, reverting the Power Rangers to children. While the Aquitian Rangers protect the Earth from Master Vile's monsters, Billy manages to create a device to restore them to their original age, using their six Ninja Power Coins to power it. Billy is restored","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540942","text":"to be the new temporary Gold Ranger, reuniting the old friends. This proves useful when Tommy is brainwashed by the Machine Empire's Prince Gasket into thinking his friends are a threat to the world, as Jason and Kat are able to return Tommy to his senses. Jason leaves when Trey's health is restored. In \"\", Tommy and Kat are sent to save the wizard Lerigot from the evil Space Pirate Divatox, who plans on wedding Maligore, a powerful monster, in order to take over the world. With their Zeo Ranger powers not strong enough, Tommy, with the other Power Rangers-","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540941","text":"pendant, and he reveals to Tommy that if the two halves are joined the holder could use the spirits trapped within them to control a darkness powerful enough to destroy the world. When David is captured by King Mondo, Tommy frees him, and under the stress of protecting his brother from the Machine Empire who will not leave as they are both in trouble, he reveals his identity as a Power Ranger to him. When the Rangers' ally Trey of Triforia can no longer sustain his Gold Ranger powers after a battle, Tommy recruits Jason, who has returned from Switzerland","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"17041316","text":"much ground. At one point, Prince Gasket had Tommy brainwashed and closed a dimensional portal to his arena to prevent the Rangers (Minus Jason, who was at the arena) to save him, but Zedd had Finster help get the rangers to the arena to prevent a Machine victory. After a series of failed attempts, they finally managed to destroy the Royal House of Gadgetry with a bomb in the shape of a gift. Zedd and Rita were mysteriously absent during the \"Power Rangers: Turbo\" Season, and fans have speculated that a \"gap\" between \"Power Rangers Zeo\" and \"\" reveals what","title":"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"17041324","text":"to torture the other Rangers. Afterwards, despite Tommy's attempts to persuade Tom to join the Power Rangers, Tom decided to stay in colonial Angel Grove so he could do some good things for the citizens, yet keeping the Green Ranger's powers. Tom's power coin is later found by Tommy at some point, allowing him to fight alongside the Megaforce Rangers as the Green Ranger and defeat the Armada. Rito Revolto is a Gashadokuro/skeleton who was Rita Repulsa's younger brother, Master Vile's son with an unknown female humanoid and the secondary henchman for her and Lord Zedd in the third season,","title":"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"2712035","text":"Frank has said that he did the show as a favor for Sloan. Through the episodes \"Legacy of Power\" (the 500th episode overall), a look back on all of the previous Power Rangers series; \"Back in Black\", giving Tommy new Power Ranger powers; \"Fighting Spirit\", seeing Tommy encounter his previous Ranger forms and airing on the eleventh anniversary of \"Power Rangers\" no less; and \"Thunder Storm\", a team-up arc between \"Dino Thunder\" and \"Ninja Storm\", all previous series were included in the original Power Rangers universe. Also in the season premiere \"Day of the Dino\", Mesogog knew of Lothor as","title":"Power Rangers Dino Thunder"},{"psg_id":"2540923","text":"Power Ranger) in a martial arts tournament, they begin to develop a friendship, and he catches the eye of both Kimberly Hart (Pink Power Ranger) and the evil witch Rita Repulsa. Rita decides to enchant Tommy to be her loyal servant, granting him the Dragon Power Coin to give him the power to transform into the Green Power Ranger, possessing the Dragon Shield, which makes him stronger than the other Power Rangers, and armed with the Dragon Dagger and the Sword of Darkness. She orders him to destroy the Power Rangers and their guardian Zordon so she may be able","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540928","text":"by enchanting Billy Cranston, all seems hopeless, but Jason reveals he still has the Dragon Power Coin. The group finds Tommy once more, and with help from Zordon, Tommy is able to morph into the Green Ranger and retrieve the Power Coins and Dragon Dagger. However, his powers are now unstable and he requires constant energy boosts from Zordon in order to maintain his place as the Green Ranger. With the arrival of the evil Lord Zedd in season 2, the other Power Rangers are given new Thunderzords to battle his stronger monsters, but because of Tommy's unstable power reserves,","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540946","text":"help stop remnants of the Machine Empire from resurrecting Lord Zedd's evil Zord Serpentera and attack the Earth. Tommy uses his Zeo Ranger powers to combat the enemies. Between the events in \"Turbo\" and \"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\", Tommy earns a PhD in paleontology at MIT. He also meets Hayley Ziktor and goes into business as partners with Terrence \"Smitty\" Smith and Dr. Anton Mercer, who together work on research that results in the creation of the Tyrannodrones, Raptor Riders, and the new Dinozords. A lab accident turns Mercer into the evil Mesogog, and Smitty is left for dead, until","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540929","text":"the Dragonzord cannot be empowered into a new form. With this knowledge in mind, Lord Zedd sends several energy draining monsters to steal the Green Ranger's powers to the point where Zordon can no longer safely maintain himself and the Green Ranger. This culminates in the attack of the monster Turbanshell, who drains Tommy of his Green Ranger powers, trapping everyone in the Otherworld dimension, while charging the Dark Crystal to power Lord Zedd's evil Dark Rangers to attack the Earth. Tommy uses the last of his powers to destroy the Dark Crystal, ending the reign of terror of the","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"1482963","text":"known as the Megazord. The series begins with five teenagers combating Rita and her seemingly endless array of monsters, while also dealing with typical teenage problems and clashing with local bullies Bulk and Skull. However, consecutive failures lead Rita to adopt a new method for conquering Earth and destroying the Power Rangers: by attacking them with one of their own. Using her magic, Rita kidnaps and brainwashes a local teen whose fighting skills prove to equal that of Jason's in a martial-arts contest held in Angel Grove. The new teen, Tommy Oliver, passes Rita's tests, becoming the Green Ranger. Entrusted","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"1482994","text":"Rangers/VR Troopers\" which was a flip book with adventures based on the third season on one side and of \"VR Troopers\" on the other. The Power Rangers also appeared in the \"Masked Rider\" comic book from Marvel. In March 2016, BOOM! comics released a new \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" comic series based off the original series but serves as a reboot taking place in the modern world. In July 2017, a second series titled \"Go Go Power Rangers\" was released and takes place before Tommy joins the team. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Mighty Morphin Power Rangers is an American live-action","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"2540949","text":"him, even after he discovers that the White Dino Ranger is Trent Mercer. For a while, Tommy is encased in amber by the White Dino Ranger, and once freed, finds himself unable to de-morph, due to his Dino Gem and his morpher re-molecularizing. He remains in his morphed form for a while. Despite this resolve, he cannot help but feel sympathy for Trent when his students did not, reminding the others of his tenure as the evil Green Power Ranger. After seeing the power of the White Ranger Clone and the Terrorsaurus, Tommy decides that the Rangers need an upgrade.","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"1482966","text":"are handed over to Rita in exchange for their kidnapped parents. With Zordon's help, Tommy regains his powers and successfully retrieves the other Rangers' Power Coins. However, Tommy's regained powers are only temporary and must be frequently re-charged by Zordon, who warns that the Green Ranger's powers will ultimately fail. Despite this, Tommy remains determined to continue assisting the other Rangers as long as possible. Lord Zedd, Rita's superior, arrives at Rita's Moon Palace, where he takes her place and throws her into a space dumpster again. He then begins his own campaign to conquer Earth. In order for the","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"2540931","text":"the new White Power Ranger with his powers created by the Light of Goodness, which are unable to be stolen by the forces of evil. Unlike other Power Rangers, his costume includes a black and golden shield armor as well as golden bands instead of the diamond shapes on the gloves and chest and the mouthpiece on his helmet lacks sculpted lips. After being installed as the team's new leader, Tommy goes into battle using his new powers to defeat the monsters, including summoning the Tigerzord with his talking saber Saba. Tommy then meets Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park and Aisha","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540957","text":"help from Time Force Red Ranger Wes Collins, Ranger Operator Series Sliver Gemma, and Dino Charge Blue Ranger Koda, they break free the other captured rangers. The ten veteran rangers plus the Ninja Steel rangers defeat Lord Draven, and all dimensions are safe. Tommy is shown to still live in Reefside and has a son named J.J, and a wife who is presumably Kat since they were shown holding hands going back to their own dimension, and given the prediction from the Zeo holiday episode which shows an elderly Tommy and Kat entertaining their grandson. The character also appears in","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"1482965","text":"more powerful Zord combinations alongside the other Dinozords. As time goes on, Rita focuses on eliminating Tommy in order to regain the powers that she believes belong to her. Using a special wax that was touched by Tommy when he was evil, Rita uses a magic Green Candle to slowly remove his powers, returning them to her. In the end, Tommy loses his powers, but he prevents Rita from reclaiming them by transferring them to Jason who, feeling guilt for failing to protect Tommy's powers, accepts them. However, Tommy later returns to the team when the other Rangers' Power Coins","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"1482969","text":"is revealed to be Tommy, who in addition receives a new Zord, the Tigerzord, and also becomes the new leader of the Power Rangers (replacing Jason). During the Team Ninja Trials in Angel Grove, the Rangers become friends with three teenagers from Stone Canyon: Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park and Aisha Campbell. During an ensuing battle with Zedd and a magical serpent, Rocky, Adam and Aisha discover the Rangers' identities and, having been entrusted with their secret by Zordon himself, the three newcomers become allies of the Rangers. Later on, Jason, Zack and Trini are selected to represent Angel Grove at","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"17041321","text":"anticipate most of his doppelgänger's actions. Under the Wizard of Deception's powers, the Dragonzord's strength level is on par with the White Ranger's Tigerzord, but only because the White Ranger's power was temporarily weakened by the Wizard. In a battle with some Putties, Tommy was knocked unconscious, and the Wizard cut a lock from his hair and turned him into an evil clone, imbued with the restored Green Ranger powers. The clone tricked the other Rangers into meeting him in an isolated spot, where the Wizard of Deception sent them back to colonial Angel Grove. He then confronted Tommy, who","title":"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"2540961","text":"of him as a random citizen of Angel Grove, accompanied by Amy Jo Johnson, where he is part of a crowd gathering after the Rangers have defeated Goldar in the Megazord, and is apparently the first person to bring out his cellphone to take a picture of the Megazord. The mid-credits sequence features a teacher in charge of the weekend detention class calling for Tommy Oliver, and the camera focusing on an empty chair with a green jacket with a dragon, draped over it. The cast of the film as well as Frank himself, have expressed interest in a female","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"1482964","text":"with Rita's Sword of Darkness, the source for the continuance of the evil spell he has fallen victim to, Tommy comes dangerously close to defeating the Power Rangers, especially when Rita causes a solar eclipse that temporarily drains the Megazord's power. However, the Green Ranger is ultimately defeated, and the Sword of Darkness is destroyed by Jason. Now free from Rita's spell, Tommy chooses to use his Green Ranger powers to assist the other Rangers in defeating the evil that gave them to him in the first place. His Zord, the Dragonzord, is reconfigured to enable it to help form","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"20920522","text":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle is a video game based on the \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" television series, developed by Peruvian studio Bamtang. It was first announced in October 2016. It was released on January 17, 2017. The game takes players through the first two seasons of \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\". Up to four players can play as any of the original Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Jason, Zach, Trini, Kimberly, Billy or Tommy) and features Rita Repulsa's army of monsters. King Sphinx, a monster from the 4th episode of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers,","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle"},{"psg_id":"1482971","text":"as the Red, Black and Yellow Rangers, respectively. Sometime before the power transfer, Rita had returned to Earth when Tommy made his debut as the White Ranger, and fell into the hands of Bulk and Skull, but the Rangers sent her back into space. She later returns to the Moon while the Rangers are in Australia, and with the help of Finster, she gets a special \"makeover\" to gain a younger and \"prettier\" face. She then uses a love potion on Zedd, who is in a deep sleep during his centennial re-evilizer, and he falls in love with her when","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"2540944","text":"also deals with the Blue Senturion who has been tricked by Divatox into thinking the Rangers are evil and preventing him from telling the Rangers the Millennium Message, a warning that the forces of evil are joining together out in space. After Zordon and Alpha 5 leave the Earth to deal this threat, the team's new guardian Dimitria eventually judges that Tommy, along with Kat, Adam, and Tanya, has fulfilled their duties as defenders of the Earth. In the episode \"Passing the Torch\", Divatox's mother Mama D convinces her that taking out Tommy will cause the fall of the rest","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2540935","text":"resulting in Kimberly's powers being stolen as well as the Falconzord. When Kimberly is kidnapped by Kat and Goldar, the Power Rangers are forced by Lord Zedd to use the Shogunzords to destroy the Earth or Kimberly will be harmed. While Billy manages to take control of the Zords away from Zedd, Tommy saves Kimberly and Kat by freeing her from Rita's spell. When Kimberly is given the option to train for the Pan Global Games, she decides to give her powers to Kat, and she and Tommy keep a long-distance relationship. He and Kat also developed a closed friendship","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"19834847","text":"(including the three cloaked figures revealed to be Wes Collins, Gemma from RPM, and Koda from Dino Charge, as well as Tommy Oliver, Katherine Hillard, Rocky DeSantos, Trent Fernandez-Mercer, T.J. Johnson, Antonio Garcia, and Gia Moran, all of whom escaped Draven's captivity) are able to destroy Draven and stop the merging of the dimensions. After the fall of the Galactic Ninjas and Draven's demise, Odius continues to plot the Rangers' downfall, even as going as far as to trick the legendary Space Sheriff Skyfire into viewing the Rangers as thieves, while the sheriff was hunting a wanted criminal and demolitions","title":"Power Rangers Ninja Steel"},{"psg_id":"2540927","text":"burns through completely. His powers nearly gone, after using them in one final battle with a powerful monster, he decides to give the Dragon Coin to Jason, permanently preventing Rita from attaining its power once more while allowing Jason to use Tommy's weapons and the Dragonzord. Tommy then leaves Angel Grove to recover from the endeavour. After Rita kidnaps all of the parents of the students of Angel Grove High School, the Power Rangers are forced to pay her ransom with their Power Coins, preventing them from using their powers. When they are double-crossed, and Rita acquires the Dragon Dagger","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"1482967","text":"Power Rangers to compete with Zedd's monsters, which are superior to the ones Finster made for Rita, Zordon and Alpha upgrade the Dinozords into the more powerful Thunderzords (which combine into the Thunder Megazord). However, Tommy is forced to retain use of the Dragonzord, due to his powers being too weak to support a new Zord. After several defeats, Zedd's attack on the Rangers progressively becomes more violent. He focuses his attention on eliminating Tommy, whom he sees as Rita's biggest mistake in giving him the Dragon Coin. The Green Ranger's powers were rapidly deteriorating, but Zedd's efforts had enhanced","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"2809612","text":"Oliver, T.J. Johnson, Andros, Leo Corbett, Carter Grayson, Wesley \"Wes\" Collins and Eric Myers), in order to prevent the remaining generals of the Machine Empire from unearthing and reactivating Lord Zedd's zord, Serpentera, which had been left buried on the moon. Wild Force Rangers Allies Villains Machine Empire Mut-Orgs \"Wild Force\" was the first season to be under the copyright of Disney Enterprises. Disney had bought Power Rangers (along with other Saban properties) at the end of \"Power Rangers Time Force\". It was the last season to be produced in the United States by MMPR Productions as pre-production for Wild","title":"Power Rangers Wild Force"},{"psg_id":"2540951","text":"Ranger alter-egos: Zeo Ranger V, the White Power Ranger, and then the Green Power Ranger. After proving that he will not give up the fight for his life, his inner selves each offer him a shattered piece of his Dino Gem, restoring him to full health and allowing him to attain Super Dino Mode when morphed. During his mentoring of the Dino Thunder Rangers, Tommy notes similarities in his past in Conner, placing a lot of trust into him. His mentoring of Conner through a point where the young man doubts himself, allows Conner to overcome these feelings and gain","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"2809611","text":"sent to the jungle for research, they discover the remains of Master Org, in which a jealous Adler consumes in order to exact revenge on Richard, who had proposed to Elizabeth before he could. However, Adler goes insane, and kills both Richard and Elizabeth. For a while, their newborn son, Cole, was also presumed dead. In addition to the annual team-up episodes, \"Power Rangers Wild Force\" also had a special episode commemorating it as the tenth incarnation, \"Forever Red\", by having Cole team up with the nine Red Rangers before him, (in order of incarnations, Jason Lee Scott, Aurico, Tommy","title":"Power Rangers Wild Force"},{"psg_id":"2540952","text":"the Battlizer. When Tommy learns that Trent has been keeping his father's identity as Mesogog secret, Tommy considers removing Trent from the team. Although he comes to terms with Trent's loyalty to his father, he asks the others if Trent should stay, and they agree when Trent saves Conner's life. In the final battles against Zeltrax and Mesogog, having been liberated from sharing a body with Anton Mercer, Tommy informs the Rangers that they must give up their powers in order to save the world. Zeltrax is destroyed with the destruction of the Dinozords, and the Rangers give up their","title":"Tommy Oliver"},{"psg_id":"18621854","text":"suicide. Kimberly rejects Rocky's claim that Tommy is hunting down the Rangers. She tells Rocky that she hasn't seen him since Trini's, the former Yellow Ranger who died at the treaty negotiations, funeral. Rocky acknowledges that he already knew that; she is really being held as bait. Tommy arrives and kills the guards, entering into single combat against Rocky in a sword duel. When Rocky gains the upper hand, Kimberly shoots and kills him. Tommy demands to know who she is, as the real Kimberly died in his arms during the final battle years earlier. It is revealed that she","title":"Power/Rangers"},{"psg_id":"19955319","text":"who goes on one last ranger mission as he tries to find his son, an S.P.D. officer, who has mysteriously gone missing. The first issue of the 2016 \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" comic sold approximately 100,000 copies. The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers comic has gained mostly positive critical reviews. Power Rangers (comics) Power Rangers is a series of various comic books spun off from the \"Power Rangers\" television show. Each series was published by a different comic book publisher. From 1994 to 1995, Hamilton Comics produced three separate \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" series totaling thirteen issues altogether. In 1995, Marvel","title":"Power Rangers (comics)"},{"psg_id":"3229974","text":"tells them to leave for their own safety, but after hearing of Zordon's plight, she agrees to help them and takes them to an ancient ruined temple where the Rangers will have to overcome obstacles to acquire the power of the Ninjetti. Dulcea awakens each Rangers' animal spirit: Aisha is the bear, Rocky is the ape, Billy is the wolf, Kimberly is the crane, Adam is the frog and Tommy is the falcon. The Rangers make their way to the Monolith housing the Great Power, defeating its guardians, and retrieve the Great Power. On Earth, Ivan's Ecto-Morphicons are completely unearthed,","title":"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie"},{"psg_id":"2711979","text":"Ranger. Power Rangers in Space Power Rangers in Space is an American television series and the sixth season of the \"Power Rangers\" franchise, based on the Super Sentai series \"Denji Sentai Megaranger\". As with all \"Power Rangers\" programs, \"in Space\" is based on one of the entries of the \"Super Sentai\" series. However, due to miscommunication between the United States and Japan as to the contents of the Sentai series, much of the space footage is original to the American adaptation. \"In Space\" was a turning point for the Power Rangers franchise, as the season brought closure to six seasons","title":"Power Rangers in Space"},{"psg_id":"2711962","text":"Power Rangers in Space Power Rangers in Space is an American television series and the sixth season of the \"Power Rangers\" franchise, based on the Super Sentai series \"Denji Sentai Megaranger\". As with all \"Power Rangers\" programs, \"in Space\" is based on one of the entries of the \"Super Sentai\" series. However, due to miscommunication between the United States and Japan as to the contents of the Sentai series, much of the space footage is original to the American adaptation. \"In Space\" was a turning point for the Power Rangers franchise, as the season brought closure to six seasons of","title":"Power Rangers in Space"},{"psg_id":"1482947","text":"universe for the franchise is uncertain. RJ Cyler, who starred in \"Power Rangers\" stated on August 20, 2018 that Hasbro has yet to announce any plans for a movie sequel. In January 2016, Saban and Nickelodeon extended their broadcast partnership through 2018. In February 2018, the companies announced that \"Power Rangers\" would continue airing on Nickelodeon through 2021. The first six seasons, starting with \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" and ending with \"In Space\", were direct continuations of the preceding season with evolving storylines and character development. The second season began the annual tradition of the Power Rangers acquiring new Zords","title":"Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"18294689","text":"plans for Power Rangers. The franchise remains as strong and enthusiastic about its future as ever.\" On May 1, 2018, Saban Brands agreed to sell Power Rangers and other entertainment assets to Hasbro (who came close but failed to buy Lionsgate) for US$522 million in cash and stock with the sale expect to closed in the second quarter. On August 8, 2018, Hasbro announced they would be working with a film studio (it's unclear if it would be Lionsgate) to develop a follow-up to \"Power Rangers\". Power Rangers (film) Saban's Power Rangers, or simply Power Rangers, is a 2017 American","title":"Power Rangers (film)"},{"psg_id":"10935666","text":"of JAM Project recorded a cover of \"Go Go Power Rangers.\" The song, when used as the main theme for \"Power Rangers Samurai\" and \"Power Rangers Super Samurai,\" was performed by Noam Kaniel. Different arrangements, with some of the lyrics altered for each, were used for the subsequent series, \"Power Rangers Megaforce\" and \"Power Rangers Super Megaforce\", \"Power Rangers Dino Charge\" and \"Power Rangers Dino Super Charge\", and \"Power Rangers Ninja Steel\" all were also performed by Kaniel. Go Go Power Rangers \"Go Go Power Rangers\" is a single by Ron Wasserman who recorded the song as \"Aaron Waters -","title":"Go Go Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"2711975","text":"returning, Saban and Fox decided to continue production of the series. The Psycho Rangers are five evil rangers created by Astronoma as part of her plans to destroy Dark Specter and originally drew their energy from him, who felt the drain more strongly if the Psychos fought hard. Though stronger than the Power Rangers, the Psycho Rangers were impatient, could not work together, and unwilling to follow Astronema's plans, leading to them being destroyed by the Space Rangers before Dark Specter was. When grown, their true monster forms were revealed. As spirits, they sought a way to return to physical","title":"Power Rangers in Space"},{"psg_id":"2536305","text":"to \"Power Rangers\". According to both Frank and Brad Hawkins, Hawkins' character was to replace Tommy Oliver originally as the White Ranger on Power Rangers. However, due to Tommy Oliver's popularity with \"Ranger\" fans, Frank was brought back, with Tommy Oliver becoming the White Ranger. Hawkins would take over on \"VR Troopers\". The character Adam Steele was renamed Ryan Steele. After three seasons, \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" transitioned into \"Power Rangers Zeo\". The transition is part of the annual Ranger suit change to match the annual change of the \"Super Sentai\" series. Frank's character became the Red Zeo Ranger (also","title":"Jason David Frank"},{"psg_id":"4720443","text":"and frequents the shelter. As Rocky is rushed to the hospital, Justin follows the group and learns that they are Power Rangers. Zordon sends Tommy and Katherine to search for Lerigot. After a run in with a boa constrictor, fierce water rapids, and an injury to Katherine's leg, they manage to find him and return to the Power Chamber. Divatox's nephew, Elgar searches for two human sacrifices to revive Maligore. He abducts Bulk and Skull, but Divatox rejects them for not being pure of heart. Divatox finds two perfect specimens who are scuba diving nearby and captures them. While recovering,","title":"Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie"},{"psg_id":"1482954","text":"at newsstands. The iTunes Store previously made Power Rangers episodes available: part of \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\", all of \"Power Rangers S.P.D.\", and the first 26 episodes of \"Power Rangers Mystic Force\". Subsequent seasons and episodes of the program also made their appearances in the iTunes Store, but , \"\" is the only Power Rangers film available. In 2012, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Season 1 volumes 1 & 2 were released on iTunes to coincide with the DVD releases. As of February 2013, all 3 seasons of \"MMPR\" were released on iTunes. On June 15, 2011, all episodes of Power","title":"Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"19955315","text":"Storm\", \"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\", \"Power Rangers S.P.D.\", \"Power Rangers Mystic Force\", \"Power Rangers Operation Overdrive\", \"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\" and \"Power Rangers RPM\". Many of these comic strips were later collected and re-released worldwide in Annual books. In 2008, Bandai produced a promotional mini-comic based on \"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\". The mini-comic was bundled with select action figures from the \"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\" toy line. From 2012 to 2015, Panini Comics produced a revival of the official Power Rangers Magazine in the United Kingdom. The magazine featured short comic strips based on \"Power Rangers Samurai\", \"Power Rangers Super","title":"Power Rangers (comics)"},{"psg_id":"1482957","text":"detailing the various toys and television seasons over the franchise's 25-year run. Power Rangers Power Rangers is an American entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live-action superhero television series, based on the Japanese tokusatsu franchise \"Super Sentai\". Produced first by Saban Entertainment, second by BVS Entertainment, later by SCG Power Rangers and today by Hasbro, the \"Power Rangers\" television series takes much of its footage from the \"Super Sentai\" television series, produced by Toei Company. The first \"Power Rangers\" entry, \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\", debuted on August 28, 1993, and helped launch the Fox Kids programming block of the","title":"Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"1482929","text":"Power Rangers Power Rangers is an American entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live-action superhero television series, based on the Japanese tokusatsu franchise \"Super Sentai\". Produced first by Saban Entertainment, second by BVS Entertainment, later by SCG Power Rangers and today by Hasbro, the \"Power Rangers\" television series takes much of its footage from the \"Super Sentai\" television series, produced by Toei Company. The first \"Power Rangers\" entry, \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\", debuted on August 28, 1993, and helped launch the Fox Kids programming block of the 1990s, during which it catapulted into popular culture along with a line","title":"Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"1482952","text":"broadcast in South Korea have similarly named titles as their American counterparts, such as \"Power Ranger Dino Thunder\" for \"Abaranger\" in 2007 and \"Power Ranger S.P.D.\" in place of \"Dekaranger\". , 33 \"Power Rangers\" DVD collections have been released in the United States: Internationally, additional DVD releases have occurred (such as \"Lightspeed Rescue\", \"Time Force\" and \"Wild Force\" in Germany) and as free DVDs attached to the \"Jetix\" magazine, published in the UK. \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Season 1\", \"Season 2\", and \"Season 3\", \"Power Rangers Zeo\", \"Power Rangers Turbo\", and \"Power Rangers in Space\" have been released in Germany","title":"Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"10438479","text":"and the two join the Power Rangers who use their animal spirits finally to defeat Dai Shi and its forces. In the epilogue, Jarrod goes back to the Pai Zhua to begin his training again, followed by Camille, who later returns as a Power Ranger in her own right. Lily, Theo, and RJ remain at Karma Pizza. Dominic and Fran backpack around the world, and Casey becomes a teacher at the Pai Zhua - with Jarrod and Camille among his students. Jungle Fury Rangers Jungle Fury Spirit Rangers Allies Villains Power Rangers Jungle Fury Power Rangers Jungle Fury is the","title":"Power Rangers Jungle Fury"},{"psg_id":"17041341","text":"The Tenga Warriors effectively replace the Putties because they cannot be destroyed easily as they can. In \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie\", Ivan Ooze had virtually identical soldiers called the Tengu Warriors, but created from his ooze instead of eggs. Like their TV counterparts, the Tengus are shown to have the power of speech. In the \"Power Rangers S.P.D.\" episodes \"Shadow\" Pt. 2 and \"Wired\" Pt. 2, a Tenga is seen as a patron at Piggy's diner. Ivan Ooze is a fictional character in the Power Rangers universe, who appears as the primary antagonist in the film \"\" (1995).","title":"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"2711967","text":"(along with Ecliptor) is recaptured and reprogrammed to follow Dark Specter. Astronema becomes more evil than ever, as she not only wants to destroy the Space Rangers, but also Dark Specter. To that end, she unleashes the Psycho Rangers. The five robotic (and borderline insane) villains possess great power, which secretly comes from Dark Specter. Every time they fight, Dark Specter is drained of power and grows weaker. Only through a great deal of effort are the six Space Rangers able to overcome the Psycho Rangers. Soon afterward, the Rangers suffer setbacks that see two Megazords destroyed, which are Delta","title":"Power Rangers in Space"},{"psg_id":"11412504","text":"Power Rangers Wild Force (video game) Power Rangers Wild Force is a video game based on the television series of the same name, developed by THQ, for the Game Boy Advance in 2002. The player plays as one of six Rangers. Back up Rangers can be summoned for additional attack power throughout each level. The player fights Putrids until encountering the final boss in each level. After defeating the boss, the boss grows to giant size, and the player selects a Megazord combination to fight the large monster, in a series of Quick time Events. The game is played across","title":"Power Rangers Wild Force (video game)"},{"psg_id":"19955314","text":"2009, Future Publishing produced the official Jetix Magazine in the United Kingdom. The magazine featured short comic strips based on several shows aired on Jetix in the United Kingdom including \"Power Rangers Ninja Storm\", \"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\", \"Power Rangers S.P.D.\" and \"Power Rangers Operation Overdrive\". The seasons of \"Power Rangers Mystic Force\", \"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\" and \"Power Rangers RPM\" were also covered in the magazine, but did not receive comic strips. From 2004 to 2010, Egmont Group produced the official Power Rangers Magazine in the United Kingdom. The magazine featured short comic strips based on \"Power Rangers Ninja","title":"Power Rangers (comics)"},{"psg_id":"11412505","text":"12 levels. Passwords are provided at the end of each level, allowing the player to resume a specific level by entering the correct password. A Battle Mode allows for up to four players to compete against each other. Power Rangers Wild Force (video game) Power Rangers Wild Force is a video game based on the television series of the same name, developed by THQ, for the Game Boy Advance in 2002. The player plays as one of six Rangers. Back up Rangers can be summoned for additional attack power throughout each level. The player fights Putrids until encountering the final","title":"Power Rangers Wild Force (video game)"},{"psg_id":"2543975","text":"Power Rangers Zeo Power Rangers Zeo is an American television series and the fourth season of the \"Power Rangers\" franchise, based on the Super Sentai series \"Chōriki Sentai Ohranger\". It is the continuation of \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\", which aired in 1996. \"Power Rangers Zeo\" is also the first season of \"Power Rangers\" to follow the Sentai practice of annual Ranger suit changes and also the last series to use \"it's Morphin' Time\" until the Saban Brands era of Power Rangers returns with it as a pre-start command starting with \"Power Rangers\" \"Megaforce\". \"Power Rangers Zeo\" begins immediately after the","title":"Power Rangers Zeo"},{"psg_id":"2711976","text":"form; this led them to the lost city, where they used a digitizing device in reverse to become real again. However, the rangers digitized them into data cards; the cards later ended up in Deviot's possession, who revived them in \"Power Rangers Lost Galaxy\", but they were again destroyed by both the Galaxy and Space Rangers. The monsters used in this season work for Astronema. The monsters are adapted from the monsters that are featured in \"Denji Sentai Megaranger\". To make a monster grow, Astronema would give orders to fire the Sattelaser at the monster making it grow. Villains from","title":"Power Rangers in Space"},{"psg_id":"17041323","text":"the other Rangers, and brought them back to summon the Thunder Megazord and deal with the Dragonzord. He then destroyed the Wizard, breaking the spell on the Green Ranger, whom he now called Tom. Tom, much like Tommy was, was sick with remorse after being freed from the spell, but Tommy convinced him that he could still do good based on his own experience. Tom broke the spell on the Dragonzord and sent him back to the sea. The White and Green Rangers went back in time to colonial Angel Grove to destroy the Rat Monsters the Wizard had created","title":"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"1482942","text":"to the Disney buyout before production began. Since the re-acquisition of \"Power Rangers\" by Saban in 2010, this practice has continued once again starting with \"Samurai\", and will continue with the Hasbro-era seasons. From 2005 until 2007, Jetix aired \"Power Rangers\" reruns branded as \"Power Rangers Generations\" showcasing select episodes from \"Mighty Morphin\" through \"Dino Thunder\". In 2008, \"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\" was originally set to be the final season, but due to obligations with Bandai, Disney produced one more season, \"Power Rangers RPM.\" An article in \"The New Zealand Herald\" published on March 7, 2009, identified \"RPM\" as the","title":"Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"1482946","text":"Saban Brands announced that it had extended agreements with Nickelodeon and Bandai America Incorporated through 2016 for its globally recognized Power Rangers franchise. The 90s Are All That aired \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" as part of Mighty Morphin Weekend in 2013. In May 2014, Saban Brands and Lionsgate announced that they are planning to produce a new \"Power Rangers\" feature film, and would hopefully launch a \"Power Rangers\" film franchise. The movie, titled simply \"Power Rangers\", was released on March 24, 2017, with mixed reviews and a failure at the box office, as a result, the future of a cinematographic","title":"Power Rangers"},{"psg_id":"19955316","text":"Samurai\", \"Power Rangers Megaforce\" and \"Power Rangers Super Megaforce\". In 2014, Papercutz produced three separate issues based on \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\", after having previously done two issues based on \"Power Rangers Super Samurai\" in 2012 and two issues based on \"Power Rangers Megaforce\" in 2013. In March 2016, BOOM! Studios released a new \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" comic series based on the original series, but that is set in modern day. The character Kimberly Hart also got her own spinoff comic called \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Pink\" on 1 June 2016. To capitalize on the 2017 Power Rangers movie,","title":"Power Rangers (comics)"},{"psg_id":"17041308","text":"for being defeated by a bunch of children, even after she warned him about Zordon. Zedd has her punished by shrinking her and sealing her away in a space dumpster to travel for eternity. Despite his early defeats, Zedd's attack on Earth became progressively more violent and focused most of his attention on eliminating Tommy, whom he saw as Rita's biggest mistake. He succeeded in eliminating the Green Ranger powers with the help of a Green Crystal that serves to drain Tommy's powers as well as serving to power up his own brand of evil rangers. After both the crystal","title":"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540919\",\n \"text\": \"Tommy Oliver Thomas \\\"Tommy\\\" Oliver is a fictional character from the universe of the American live action television franchise \\\"Power Rangers\\\". He is best known as being the original Green Ranger of the original Power Rangers team. He is a main character in the \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" TV series, as well as four of its successive incarnations \\\"Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Zeo\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Turbo\\\", and \\\"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\\\" (where he returns as a legendary Power Ranger veteran). He also appeared in the \\\"Power Rangers Wild Force\\\" episode \\\"Forever Red\\\", the \\\"Power Rangers S.P.D.\\\" episode \\\"Wormhole\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540962\",\n \"text\": \"version in the sequel. Often voted as the most popular character of the entire franchise, Tommy has been criticized for perceived subtexts of racial stereotyping and American nationalism in his White Ranger incarnation. The character was only intended to appear for one season but became so popular that Tommy became a breakout character and a season regular. Tommy Oliver Thomas \\\"Tommy\\\" Oliver is a fictional character from the universe of the American live action television franchise \\\"Power Rangers\\\". He is best known as being the original Green Ranger of the original Power Rangers team. He is a main character in\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540955\",\n \"text\": \"of Tommy Oliver in \\\"Power Rangers Super Megaforce\\\". He helped a boy out of a car that was dangling off the side of a bridge using Saba, the White Ranger's sword. He then appeared alongside the other Legendary Rangers including his former teammates, again as the original Green Ranger after, at some point prior, he found the restored Dragon Power Coin, to fight alongside the Megaforce Rangers and defeat the Armada. Tommy returned in \\\"Power Rangers Super Ninja Steel\\\" as the Dino Thunder Black Ranger, the Mighty Morphin' Green and White Ranger, and the Red Zeo Ranger. He has a\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540953\",\n \"text\": \"Dino Gems to stop Mesogog for good. In the end, Tommy decides to pursue his life after Mesogog's destruction as a normal high school science teacher. The character of Tommy Oliver is not present during the \\\"Power Rangers S.P.D.\\\" episode \\\"History\\\", in which Conner, Kira, and Ethan go to their high school reunion in 2005, wondering if Tommy will arrive, only to be taken into the future by the S.P.D. Power Rangers' foe Broodwing. Tommy does return in the episode \\\"Wormhole\\\" when Emperor Grumm travels back in time to take over the Earth without S.P.D.'s interference, only to encounter the\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540922\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Power Rangers Dino Thunder - Collision Course\\\" DVD). Tommy also serves as a love interest to the original Pink Ranger Kimberly Hart before their separation. He later pursued a relationship with Kimberly's successor Kat Hillard. Tommy Oliver is first introduced in the \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" five-part episode \\\"Green with Evil\\\" as a new student at Angel Grove High School. Unlike other Power Rangers, his outfit includes a golden shield armor, two golden armbands, triangles instead of diamonds on the gloves and boots, and the belt buckle is golden instead of silver. After he spars with Jason Lee Scott (Red\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19955317\",\n \"text\": \"a comic book set shortly after the film's end entitled \\\"Aftershock\\\" was produced. A Justice League/Power Rangers crossover comic was also produced in conjunction with DC Comics. In July 2017, a second series called \\\"Go Go Power Rangers\\\" began with stories that take place before Tommy Oliver joined the team. In March 2018, both series started a crossover event for the 25th anniversary titled \\\"Shattered Grid\\\" with the tag line \\\"No Ranger is Safe\\\". This story line brought in rangers from all eras in a battle with a new villain, Lord Drakkon, an evil version of Tommy Oliver from an\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20848638\",\n \"text\": \"2016. It is written by Kyle Higgins and drawn by Corin Howell, who was later replaced by Jonas Scharf. 30 issues have been published, including a #0 issue, three annual issues and a Free Comic Book Day 2018 special issue. In September 2018, the \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" creative team was changed by writer Marguerite Bennett and artist Simone di Meo. Plot: Tommy Oliver recently joined the Power Rangers, but has been suffering from visions of a possible future where he stays loyal to Rita Repulsa. That revelation leads the Rangers to meet Lord Drakkon, an evil version of Tommy\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (Boom! Studios)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540945\",\n \"text\": \"of Power Rangers. Their new allies T.J. Johnson and Cassie Chan manage to help Kat fend off the Pirahantrons, and save Tommy from Divatox and Mama D's plans, resulting in Tommy (who is leaving for MIT) deciding that T.J. should be his successor as the new Red Turbo Ranger. Five years after Tommy gave his powers to T.J., Tommy returns in the \\\"Power Rangers Wild Force\\\" episode \\\"Forever Red\\\", where he is shown to own a resort with Bulk and Skull. Tommy leads a team made up of former Red Power Rangers, recruiting the current Red Ranger Cole Evans to\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20848644\",\n \"text\": \"was released on March 4, 2017. The Power Rangers deal with the aftermath of Goldar's rampage, only to cross path with a secret government agency named Apex. Power Rangers Artist Tribute is a 2018 hardcover book that collects artwork from various comic book artists. It was released on April 3, 2018. Power Rangers: Soul of the Dragon is a 2018 graphic novel written by Kyle Higgins and drawn by Giuseppe Cafaro. It was released on December 6, 2018. An older Tommy Oliver tries to find his son, an S.P.D. officer, who has gone missing after an undercover mission goes wrong.\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (Boom! Studios)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17041320\",\n \"text\": \"is an exact clone of Tommy Oliver that was created and put under a spell by the Wizard of Deception to serve as the an evil Green Ranger variant for Lord Zedd and Rita Repulsa. He is referred as \\\"Tom\\\" to differentiate himself from Tommy Oliver. Tom wears a green bandana with a ponytail behind his head. Being Tommy's perfect duplicate, Tom can easily deceive the Power Rangers to believe that Tommy has betrayed them to their enemies. He also has all of Tommy's tactics and trainings along with his former Green Ranger powers, allowing him to be able to\",\n \"title\": \"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19955318\",\n \"text\": \"alternate reality. In September 2018, a new story line entitled \\\"Beyond the Grid\\\" began in the \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" comic series. Shifting focus away from the Mighty Morphin team, the new story deals with Grace Sterling and a new team of Power Rangers she has formed from the rangers that were displaced from normal space time (due to the events of \\\"Shattered Grid\\\") as they deal with a new villain and discover more mysteries about the Morphin Grid. In December 2018, the graphic novel \\\"Power Rangers: Soul of the Dragon\\\" released. The story focuses on an older Tommy Oliver\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540934\",\n \"text\": \"in the past to protect colonial Angel Grove despite Tommy offering Tom to join the Power Rangers, while the others return to the present time. Tom also keeps the Green Ranger powers. In season 3, Rita's brother Rito Revolto comes to Earth and manages to destroy the Rangers Zords and Power Coins. After the group seeks out the Power Coins creator Ninjor, he grants the team new Ninja Power Coins, and Tommy as the White Ninja Ranger receives the Falcon Power Coin and the new Falconzord. Later, Tommy meets Kat Hillard, who has been enchanted by Rita into serving her,\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2712029\",\n \"text\": \"age of dinosaurs. In this season, Tommy Oliver, from \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" to \\\"Power Rangers Turbo\\\" fame, returns as a paleontology professor in Reefside, California. When he is assigned three detention students, Conner, Ethan, and Kira, they end up finding the Dino Gems, paving the way for them to become the Dino Rangers. Conner gains the power of the Tyrannozord (based on the \\\"Tyrannosaurus\\\"), as well as super-speed; Ethan gains the power of the Tricerazord (based on the \\\"Triceratops\\\"), as well as the ability to make his skin invulnerable; and Kira gains the power of the Pterazord (based on\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18621853\",\n \"text\": \"Zordon's use of Power Rangers as child soldiers. He interrogates a restrained Kimberly, the former Pink Ranger, about the location of Tommy Oliver, the former Green Ranger. He details the tragic lives of Jason, Rocky's predecessor as Red Ranger, who was gunned down eight hours after marrying Kimberly, when Bulk and Skull revealed their location to a police force; Zack, the former Black Ranger, was an insatiable action junkie who became a Machine Empire enforcer and was assassinated after a threesome with Divatox and Scorpina; Billy Cranston, the former Blue Ranger, became an openly-gay trillionaire weapons manufacturer who seemingly committed\",\n \"title\": \"Power/Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20848641\",\n \"text\": \"by Ryan Parrott and drawn by Dan Mora. It started running on July 27, 2017. The Power Rangers try to deal with the responsibility of saving the world, as well as dealing with their real-life issues. Issues #8-12 feature a tie-in story to the \\\"Shattered Grid\\\" event, debuting the Ranger Slayer, a version of Kimberly from the same alternate timeline as Lord Drakkon (Tommy Oliver). Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: 25th Anniversary Special is a one-shot issue released on June 27, 2018. The issue featured various stories from the \\\"Power Rangers\\\" universe, created by many writers and artists for the 25th\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (Boom! Studios)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540938\",\n \"text\": \"to his original age, but the machine is stolen by Rito and Goldar, and Rita and Zedd destroy the Ninja Power Coins. The five child Power Rangers are sent through time to retrieve the pieces of the Zeo Crystal. Tommy is sent to a point in the past on Native American land, where he meets Sam Trueheart who leads him to a test where he must find the Red Sub-Crystal amongst two fakes. After succeeding, Tommy returns to the present time, but not before Sam gives him half of an arrowhead pendant. During \\\"Power Rangers Zeo\\\", time is restored to\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540956\",\n \"text\": \"master morpher that lets him change into all of his Ranger forms (sans Red Turbo). The evil Lord Draven from the Antiverse dimension teams up with Madame Odius, to conquer all the dimensions including the main Power Rangers dimension, the RPM Power Rangers dimension and the Dino Charge Rangers dimension. He captures Tommy to make his first evil robot clone. The robot Tommy then captures six former rangers; Rocky DeSantos, Katherine Hillard, T.J. Johnson, Trent Fernandez, Antonio Garcia, and Gia Moran to make an army of evil robot clones. The real Tommy is able to break free, and with the\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20074982\",\n \"text\": \"Street Fighter franchise are Ryu, Guile, Chun Li, Akuma, Cammy and M. Bison. In July 2018, an original fighter known as Ryu Ranger (Street Fighter's Ryu morphed into a Power Ranger) was introduced into the game. Power Rangers: Legacy Wars - Street Fighter Showdown is a short film produced by Bat in the Sun and released on October 11, 2018 to promote the game and its \\\"Street Fighter\\\" content. It features Ryu and Chun Li teaming up Tommy Oliver the Mighty Morphin Green Ranger and Gia Moran the Yellow Megaforce Ranger to face off against M. Bison. Power Rangers: Legacy\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers: Legacy Wars\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540939\",\n \"text\": \"normal and Tommy, with Kat, Rocky, Adam, and new friend Tanya Sloan replacing Aisha Campbell who chose to stay in Africa, is given the powers of the Zeo Crystal and the Zeo Rangers protect the Earth from the Machine Empire. Tommy remains the team's leader and is assigned to be the Red Zeo Ranger V. Later, Kimberly, while she is living in Paris for the Pan Global Games, sends Tommy a Dear John letter, ending their relationship. Kat attempts to find a new girlfriend for Tommy despite her feelings for him, but their duties as Power Rangers prevent any relationship\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540930\",\n \"text\": \"Dark Rangers and allowing the others to defeat Turbanshell. With his powers gone once again, Tommy leaves Angel Grove, again, spending time at his uncle's lakeside cabin. In season 2's two-part \\\"White Light\\\" saga, Lord Zedd sends his monsters Nimrod, A.C., and D.C. to attack, who easily overpower the Power Rangers, leading Zordon and Alpha to come up with a plan to recruit a new Ranger. Initially the teens are put off at the idea of a newcomer out of their loyalty to Tommy, but are thrilled once they discover that it is actually Tommy himself, who has now become\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540943\",\n \"text\": \"and new member Justin Stewart replacing Rocky DeSantos due to a recent back injury- are given new powers to morph into the Turbo Rangers, with Tommy still serving as team leader as the Red Turbo Ranger. They use their new powers to save Jason and Kimberly, who have been kidnapped by Divatox as sacrifices for Maligore, and Tommy's unsure feelings for Kimberly result in the group nearly losing and at the ending of the tournament Tommy hugs Kat. In \\\"Power Rangers Turbo\\\", as he and his friends graduate from high school, Tommy becomes interested in stock car racing. The group\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540925\",\n \"text\": \"battle, the Power Rangers discover that their foe is none other than their classmate Tommy. After Tommy escapes, he uses the Dragon Dagger to summon the Dragonzord to attack the city. Zordon is revived and reveals the Power Rangers' Dinozords have been restored by the Earth's lava, allowing them to counter the Dragonzord's attack. The Red Ranger is then able to battle the Green Ranger one-on-one, and destroys the Sword of Darkness, freeing Tommy from Rita's spell. Zordon then offers Tommy a part on the team to atone for his misdeeds, and he agrees. During his time with the group,\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11041931\",\n \"text\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage was a live stage show featuring the second season team of the \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" (Tommy Oliver as the White Ranger, Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park, Aisha Campbell, Billy Cranston, and Kimberly Hart). It tells how the Power Rangers defeat Lord Zedd's plans to take over the Earth while trying to defeat Lumintor, The Fire Lion. Unlike the Sentai stage shows that feature the actual actors from the series, this show incorporates stage actors in the Power Ranger suits playing out with\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540948\",\n \"text\": \"Power Rangers. Tommy mentors the group, keeping his past secret, until he discovers the monsters attacking Reefside are controlled by Mesogog. His three students soon discover the man they know as \\\"Dr. O\\\" was one of the previous Power Rangers, a fact that Hayley corrects them on by saying that he was one of the best. Tommy, using the powers of the Black Dino Gem, joins the group as the Black Dino Ranger, controlling the Brachiozord. When the White Dino Ranger appears, Tommy's dedication to saving the lives of innocents seems to give Tommy cause to show no mercy to\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11041933\",\n \"text\": \"Toronto, Ontario, Albany, New York, Denver, Colorado, Indianapolis, Indiana, Cincinnati, Ohio, Austin, Texas, San Antonio, Texas, Las Vegas, Nevada, Philadelphia New Haven, Connecticut, Chicago, Illinois, and New York City at Radio City Music Hall. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage was a live stage show featuring the second season team of the \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" (Tommy Oliver as the White Ranger, Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park, Aisha Campbell, Billy Cranston, and Kimberly Hart). It tells how the Power Rangers defeat Lord Zedd's plans to take over the Earth\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers World Tour Live on Stage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540921\",\n \"text\": \"among the Power Rangers community and is considered to be the greatest Power Ranger of all time, having been five different Power Rangers — the Green Ranger, the White Ranger, Zeo Ranger V–Red, the Red Turbo Ranger, and the Dino Thunder Black Ranger — and a part of four Ranger teams over the years. In addition, Tommy is a lifelong practitioner of the martial arts; during the first season of \\\"Power Rangers\\\", he was referred to as having a third-degree black belt in karate. By \\\"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\\\", he is a 6th degree black belt. (\\\"Return of the Ranger\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2543976\",\n \"text\": \"events of \\\"Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers\\\", where Tommy and the other Rangers (Adam, Rocky, Tanya, Katherine and Billy) witness the destruction of the Command Center. After recovering, the powerless Rangers discover the Zeo Crystal intact in the rubble—apparently dropped by Goldar and Rito Revolto. The Crystal guides them to a portal, which takes them deep underground to the Power Chamber where they find Zordon and Alpha 5 waiting for them. The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers become the Zeo Rangers, a new team of Rangers powered by the Zeo Crystal. The four remaining Mighty Morphin Rangers, Tommy, Adam, Rocky and Kat\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Zeo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540937\",\n \"text\": \"uses their powers to split it into five pieces and send it to different parts of history so Master Vile can never use its powers to harm the Earth. In the events of \\\"Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers\\\", Tommy, the other Power Rangers, and all of Angel Grove are sent back in time by Master Vile's Orb of Doom, reverting the Power Rangers to children. While the Aquitian Rangers protect the Earth from Master Vile's monsters, Billy manages to create a device to restore them to their original age, using their six Ninja Power Coins to power it. Billy is restored\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540942\",\n \"text\": \"to be the new temporary Gold Ranger, reuniting the old friends. This proves useful when Tommy is brainwashed by the Machine Empire's Prince Gasket into thinking his friends are a threat to the world, as Jason and Kat are able to return Tommy to his senses. Jason leaves when Trey's health is restored. In \\\"\\\", Tommy and Kat are sent to save the wizard Lerigot from the evil Space Pirate Divatox, who plans on wedding Maligore, a powerful monster, in order to take over the world. With their Zeo Ranger powers not strong enough, Tommy, with the other Power Rangers-\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540941\",\n \"text\": \"pendant, and he reveals to Tommy that if the two halves are joined the holder could use the spirits trapped within them to control a darkness powerful enough to destroy the world. When David is captured by King Mondo, Tommy frees him, and under the stress of protecting his brother from the Machine Empire who will not leave as they are both in trouble, he reveals his identity as a Power Ranger to him. When the Rangers' ally Trey of Triforia can no longer sustain his Gold Ranger powers after a battle, Tommy recruits Jason, who has returned from Switzerland\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17041316\",\n \"text\": \"much ground. At one point, Prince Gasket had Tommy brainwashed and closed a dimensional portal to his arena to prevent the Rangers (Minus Jason, who was at the arena) to save him, but Zedd had Finster help get the rangers to the arena to prevent a Machine victory. After a series of failed attempts, they finally managed to destroy the Royal House of Gadgetry with a bomb in the shape of a gift. Zedd and Rita were mysteriously absent during the \\\"Power Rangers: Turbo\\\" Season, and fans have speculated that a \\\"gap\\\" between \\\"Power Rangers Zeo\\\" and \\\"\\\" reveals what\",\n \"title\": \"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17041324\",\n \"text\": \"to torture the other Rangers. Afterwards, despite Tommy's attempts to persuade Tom to join the Power Rangers, Tom decided to stay in colonial Angel Grove so he could do some good things for the citizens, yet keeping the Green Ranger's powers. Tom's power coin is later found by Tommy at some point, allowing him to fight alongside the Megaforce Rangers as the Green Ranger and defeat the Armada. Rito Revolto is a Gashadokuro/skeleton who was Rita Repulsa's younger brother, Master Vile's son with an unknown female humanoid and the secondary henchman for her and Lord Zedd in the third season,\",\n \"title\": \"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2712035\",\n \"text\": \"Frank has said that he did the show as a favor for Sloan. Through the episodes \\\"Legacy of Power\\\" (the 500th episode overall), a look back on all of the previous Power Rangers series; \\\"Back in Black\\\", giving Tommy new Power Ranger powers; \\\"Fighting Spirit\\\", seeing Tommy encounter his previous Ranger forms and airing on the eleventh anniversary of \\\"Power Rangers\\\" no less; and \\\"Thunder Storm\\\", a team-up arc between \\\"Dino Thunder\\\" and \\\"Ninja Storm\\\", all previous series were included in the original Power Rangers universe. Also in the season premiere \\\"Day of the Dino\\\", Mesogog knew of Lothor as\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540923\",\n \"text\": \"Power Ranger) in a martial arts tournament, they begin to develop a friendship, and he catches the eye of both Kimberly Hart (Pink Power Ranger) and the evil witch Rita Repulsa. Rita decides to enchant Tommy to be her loyal servant, granting him the Dragon Power Coin to give him the power to transform into the Green Power Ranger, possessing the Dragon Shield, which makes him stronger than the other Power Rangers, and armed with the Dragon Dagger and the Sword of Darkness. She orders him to destroy the Power Rangers and their guardian Zordon so she may be able\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540928\",\n \"text\": \"by enchanting Billy Cranston, all seems hopeless, but Jason reveals he still has the Dragon Power Coin. The group finds Tommy once more, and with help from Zordon, Tommy is able to morph into the Green Ranger and retrieve the Power Coins and Dragon Dagger. However, his powers are now unstable and he requires constant energy boosts from Zordon in order to maintain his place as the Green Ranger. With the arrival of the evil Lord Zedd in season 2, the other Power Rangers are given new Thunderzords to battle his stronger monsters, but because of Tommy's unstable power reserves,\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540946\",\n \"text\": \"help stop remnants of the Machine Empire from resurrecting Lord Zedd's evil Zord Serpentera and attack the Earth. Tommy uses his Zeo Ranger powers to combat the enemies. Between the events in \\\"Turbo\\\" and \\\"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\\\", Tommy earns a PhD in paleontology at MIT. He also meets Hayley Ziktor and goes into business as partners with Terrence \\\"Smitty\\\" Smith and Dr. Anton Mercer, who together work on research that results in the creation of the Tyrannodrones, Raptor Riders, and the new Dinozords. A lab accident turns Mercer into the evil Mesogog, and Smitty is left for dead, until\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540929\",\n \"text\": \"the Dragonzord cannot be empowered into a new form. With this knowledge in mind, Lord Zedd sends several energy draining monsters to steal the Green Ranger's powers to the point where Zordon can no longer safely maintain himself and the Green Ranger. This culminates in the attack of the monster Turbanshell, who drains Tommy of his Green Ranger powers, trapping everyone in the Otherworld dimension, while charging the Dark Crystal to power Lord Zedd's evil Dark Rangers to attack the Earth. Tommy uses the last of his powers to destroy the Dark Crystal, ending the reign of terror of the\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482963\",\n \"text\": \"known as the Megazord. The series begins with five teenagers combating Rita and her seemingly endless array of monsters, while also dealing with typical teenage problems and clashing with local bullies Bulk and Skull. However, consecutive failures lead Rita to adopt a new method for conquering Earth and destroying the Power Rangers: by attacking them with one of their own. Using her magic, Rita kidnaps and brainwashes a local teen whose fighting skills prove to equal that of Jason's in a martial-arts contest held in Angel Grove. The new teen, Tommy Oliver, passes Rita's tests, becoming the Green Ranger. Entrusted\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482994\",\n \"text\": \"Rangers/VR Troopers\\\" which was a flip book with adventures based on the third season on one side and of \\\"VR Troopers\\\" on the other. The Power Rangers also appeared in the \\\"Masked Rider\\\" comic book from Marvel. In March 2016, BOOM! comics released a new \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" comic series based off the original series but serves as a reboot taking place in the modern world. In July 2017, a second series titled \\\"Go Go Power Rangers\\\" was released and takes place before Tommy joins the team. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Mighty Morphin Power Rangers is an American live-action\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540949\",\n \"text\": \"him, even after he discovers that the White Dino Ranger is Trent Mercer. For a while, Tommy is encased in amber by the White Dino Ranger, and once freed, finds himself unable to de-morph, due to his Dino Gem and his morpher re-molecularizing. He remains in his morphed form for a while. Despite this resolve, he cannot help but feel sympathy for Trent when his students did not, reminding the others of his tenure as the evil Green Power Ranger. After seeing the power of the White Ranger Clone and the Terrorsaurus, Tommy decides that the Rangers need an upgrade.\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482966\",\n \"text\": \"are handed over to Rita in exchange for their kidnapped parents. With Zordon's help, Tommy regains his powers and successfully retrieves the other Rangers' Power Coins. However, Tommy's regained powers are only temporary and must be frequently re-charged by Zordon, who warns that the Green Ranger's powers will ultimately fail. Despite this, Tommy remains determined to continue assisting the other Rangers as long as possible. Lord Zedd, Rita's superior, arrives at Rita's Moon Palace, where he takes her place and throws her into a space dumpster again. He then begins his own campaign to conquer Earth. In order for the\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540931\",\n \"text\": \"the new White Power Ranger with his powers created by the Light of Goodness, which are unable to be stolen by the forces of evil. Unlike other Power Rangers, his costume includes a black and golden shield armor as well as golden bands instead of the diamond shapes on the gloves and chest and the mouthpiece on his helmet lacks sculpted lips. After being installed as the team's new leader, Tommy goes into battle using his new powers to defeat the monsters, including summoning the Tigerzord with his talking saber Saba. Tommy then meets Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park and Aisha\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540957\",\n \"text\": \"help from Time Force Red Ranger Wes Collins, Ranger Operator Series Sliver Gemma, and Dino Charge Blue Ranger Koda, they break free the other captured rangers. The ten veteran rangers plus the Ninja Steel rangers defeat Lord Draven, and all dimensions are safe. Tommy is shown to still live in Reefside and has a son named J.J, and a wife who is presumably Kat since they were shown holding hands going back to their own dimension, and given the prediction from the Zeo holiday episode which shows an elderly Tommy and Kat entertaining their grandson. The character also appears in\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482965\",\n \"text\": \"more powerful Zord combinations alongside the other Dinozords. As time goes on, Rita focuses on eliminating Tommy in order to regain the powers that she believes belong to her. Using a special wax that was touched by Tommy when he was evil, Rita uses a magic Green Candle to slowly remove his powers, returning them to her. In the end, Tommy loses his powers, but he prevents Rita from reclaiming them by transferring them to Jason who, feeling guilt for failing to protect Tommy's powers, accepts them. However, Tommy later returns to the team when the other Rangers' Power Coins\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482969\",\n \"text\": \"is revealed to be Tommy, who in addition receives a new Zord, the Tigerzord, and also becomes the new leader of the Power Rangers (replacing Jason). During the Team Ninja Trials in Angel Grove, the Rangers become friends with three teenagers from Stone Canyon: Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park and Aisha Campbell. During an ensuing battle with Zedd and a magical serpent, Rocky, Adam and Aisha discover the Rangers' identities and, having been entrusted with their secret by Zordon himself, the three newcomers become allies of the Rangers. Later on, Jason, Zack and Trini are selected to represent Angel Grove at\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17041321\",\n \"text\": \"anticipate most of his doppelgänger's actions. Under the Wizard of Deception's powers, the Dragonzord's strength level is on par with the White Ranger's Tigerzord, but only because the White Ranger's power was temporarily weakened by the Wizard. In a battle with some Putties, Tommy was knocked unconscious, and the Wizard cut a lock from his hair and turned him into an evil clone, imbued with the restored Green Ranger powers. The clone tricked the other Rangers into meeting him in an isolated spot, where the Wizard of Deception sent them back to colonial Angel Grove. He then confronted Tommy, who\",\n \"title\": \"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540961\",\n \"text\": \"of him as a random citizen of Angel Grove, accompanied by Amy Jo Johnson, where he is part of a crowd gathering after the Rangers have defeated Goldar in the Megazord, and is apparently the first person to bring out his cellphone to take a picture of the Megazord. The mid-credits sequence features a teacher in charge of the weekend detention class calling for Tommy Oliver, and the camera focusing on an empty chair with a green jacket with a dragon, draped over it. The cast of the film as well as Frank himself, have expressed interest in a female\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482964\",\n \"text\": \"with Rita's Sword of Darkness, the source for the continuance of the evil spell he has fallen victim to, Tommy comes dangerously close to defeating the Power Rangers, especially when Rita causes a solar eclipse that temporarily drains the Megazord's power. However, the Green Ranger is ultimately defeated, and the Sword of Darkness is destroyed by Jason. Now free from Rita's spell, Tommy chooses to use his Green Ranger powers to assist the other Rangers in defeating the evil that gave them to him in the first place. His Zord, the Dragonzord, is reconfigured to enable it to help form\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20920522\",\n \"text\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle is a video game based on the \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" television series, developed by Peruvian studio Bamtang. It was first announced in October 2016. It was released on January 17, 2017. The game takes players through the first two seasons of \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\". Up to four players can play as any of the original Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Jason, Zach, Trini, Kimberly, Billy or Tommy) and features Rita Repulsa's army of monsters. King Sphinx, a monster from the 4th episode of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers,\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482971\",\n \"text\": \"as the Red, Black and Yellow Rangers, respectively. Sometime before the power transfer, Rita had returned to Earth when Tommy made his debut as the White Ranger, and fell into the hands of Bulk and Skull, but the Rangers sent her back into space. She later returns to the Moon while the Rangers are in Australia, and with the help of Finster, she gets a special \\\"makeover\\\" to gain a younger and \\\"prettier\\\" face. She then uses a love potion on Zedd, who is in a deep sleep during his centennial re-evilizer, and he falls in love with her when\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540944\",\n \"text\": \"also deals with the Blue Senturion who has been tricked by Divatox into thinking the Rangers are evil and preventing him from telling the Rangers the Millennium Message, a warning that the forces of evil are joining together out in space. After Zordon and Alpha 5 leave the Earth to deal this threat, the team's new guardian Dimitria eventually judges that Tommy, along with Kat, Adam, and Tanya, has fulfilled their duties as defenders of the Earth. In the episode \\\"Passing the Torch\\\", Divatox's mother Mama D convinces her that taking out Tommy will cause the fall of the rest\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540935\",\n \"text\": \"resulting in Kimberly's powers being stolen as well as the Falconzord. When Kimberly is kidnapped by Kat and Goldar, the Power Rangers are forced by Lord Zedd to use the Shogunzords to destroy the Earth or Kimberly will be harmed. While Billy manages to take control of the Zords away from Zedd, Tommy saves Kimberly and Kat by freeing her from Rita's spell. When Kimberly is given the option to train for the Pan Global Games, she decides to give her powers to Kat, and she and Tommy keep a long-distance relationship. He and Kat also developed a closed friendship\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19834847\",\n \"text\": \"(including the three cloaked figures revealed to be Wes Collins, Gemma from RPM, and Koda from Dino Charge, as well as Tommy Oliver, Katherine Hillard, Rocky DeSantos, Trent Fernandez-Mercer, T.J. Johnson, Antonio Garcia, and Gia Moran, all of whom escaped Draven's captivity) are able to destroy Draven and stop the merging of the dimensions. After the fall of the Galactic Ninjas and Draven's demise, Odius continues to plot the Rangers' downfall, even as going as far as to trick the legendary Space Sheriff Skyfire into viewing the Rangers as thieves, while the sheriff was hunting a wanted criminal and demolitions\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Ninja Steel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540927\",\n \"text\": \"burns through completely. His powers nearly gone, after using them in one final battle with a powerful monster, he decides to give the Dragon Coin to Jason, permanently preventing Rita from attaining its power once more while allowing Jason to use Tommy's weapons and the Dragonzord. Tommy then leaves Angel Grove to recover from the endeavour. After Rita kidnaps all of the parents of the students of Angel Grove High School, the Power Rangers are forced to pay her ransom with their Power Coins, preventing them from using their powers. When they are double-crossed, and Rita acquires the Dragon Dagger\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482967\",\n \"text\": \"Power Rangers to compete with Zedd's monsters, which are superior to the ones Finster made for Rita, Zordon and Alpha upgrade the Dinozords into the more powerful Thunderzords (which combine into the Thunder Megazord). However, Tommy is forced to retain use of the Dragonzord, due to his powers being too weak to support a new Zord. After several defeats, Zedd's attack on the Rangers progressively becomes more violent. He focuses his attention on eliminating Tommy, whom he sees as Rita's biggest mistake in giving him the Dragon Coin. The Green Ranger's powers were rapidly deteriorating, but Zedd's efforts had enhanced\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2809612\",\n \"text\": \"Oliver, T.J. Johnson, Andros, Leo Corbett, Carter Grayson, Wesley \\\"Wes\\\" Collins and Eric Myers), in order to prevent the remaining generals of the Machine Empire from unearthing and reactivating Lord Zedd's zord, Serpentera, which had been left buried on the moon. Wild Force Rangers Allies Villains Machine Empire Mut-Orgs \\\"Wild Force\\\" was the first season to be under the copyright of Disney Enterprises. Disney had bought Power Rangers (along with other Saban properties) at the end of \\\"Power Rangers Time Force\\\". It was the last season to be produced in the United States by MMPR Productions as pre-production for Wild\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Wild Force\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540951\",\n \"text\": \"Ranger alter-egos: Zeo Ranger V, the White Power Ranger, and then the Green Power Ranger. After proving that he will not give up the fight for his life, his inner selves each offer him a shattered piece of his Dino Gem, restoring him to full health and allowing him to attain Super Dino Mode when morphed. During his mentoring of the Dino Thunder Rangers, Tommy notes similarities in his past in Conner, placing a lot of trust into him. His mentoring of Conner through a point where the young man doubts himself, allows Conner to overcome these feelings and gain\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2809611\",\n \"text\": \"sent to the jungle for research, they discover the remains of Master Org, in which a jealous Adler consumes in order to exact revenge on Richard, who had proposed to Elizabeth before he could. However, Adler goes insane, and kills both Richard and Elizabeth. For a while, their newborn son, Cole, was also presumed dead. In addition to the annual team-up episodes, \\\"Power Rangers Wild Force\\\" also had a special episode commemorating it as the tenth incarnation, \\\"Forever Red\\\", by having Cole team up with the nine Red Rangers before him, (in order of incarnations, Jason Lee Scott, Aurico, Tommy\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Wild Force\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2540952\",\n \"text\": \"the Battlizer. When Tommy learns that Trent has been keeping his father's identity as Mesogog secret, Tommy considers removing Trent from the team. Although he comes to terms with Trent's loyalty to his father, he asks the others if Trent should stay, and they agree when Trent saves Conner's life. In the final battles against Zeltrax and Mesogog, having been liberated from sharing a body with Anton Mercer, Tommy informs the Rangers that they must give up their powers in order to save the world. Zeltrax is destroyed with the destruction of the Dinozords, and the Rangers give up their\",\n \"title\": \"Tommy Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18621854\",\n \"text\": \"suicide. Kimberly rejects Rocky's claim that Tommy is hunting down the Rangers. She tells Rocky that she hasn't seen him since Trini's, the former Yellow Ranger who died at the treaty negotiations, funeral. Rocky acknowledges that he already knew that; she is really being held as bait. Tommy arrives and kills the guards, entering into single combat against Rocky in a sword duel. When Rocky gains the upper hand, Kimberly shoots and kills him. Tommy demands to know who she is, as the real Kimberly died in his arms during the final battle years earlier. It is revealed that she\",\n \"title\": \"Power/Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19955319\",\n \"text\": \"who goes on one last ranger mission as he tries to find his son, an S.P.D. officer, who has mysteriously gone missing. The first issue of the 2016 \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" comic sold approximately 100,000 copies. The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers comic has gained mostly positive critical reviews. Power Rangers (comics) Power Rangers is a series of various comic books spun off from the \\\"Power Rangers\\\" television show. Each series was published by a different comic book publisher. From 1994 to 1995, Hamilton Comics produced three separate \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" series totaling thirteen issues altogether. In 1995, Marvel\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3229974\",\n \"text\": \"tells them to leave for their own safety, but after hearing of Zordon's plight, she agrees to help them and takes them to an ancient ruined temple where the Rangers will have to overcome obstacles to acquire the power of the Ninjetti. Dulcea awakens each Rangers' animal spirit: Aisha is the bear, Rocky is the ape, Billy is the wolf, Kimberly is the crane, Adam is the frog and Tommy is the falcon. The Rangers make their way to the Monolith housing the Great Power, defeating its guardians, and retrieve the Great Power. On Earth, Ivan's Ecto-Morphicons are completely unearthed,\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2711979\",\n \"text\": \"Ranger. Power Rangers in Space Power Rangers in Space is an American television series and the sixth season of the \\\"Power Rangers\\\" franchise, based on the Super Sentai series \\\"Denji Sentai Megaranger\\\". As with all \\\"Power Rangers\\\" programs, \\\"in Space\\\" is based on one of the entries of the \\\"Super Sentai\\\" series. However, due to miscommunication between the United States and Japan as to the contents of the Sentai series, much of the space footage is original to the American adaptation. \\\"In Space\\\" was a turning point for the Power Rangers franchise, as the season brought closure to six seasons\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers in Space\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2711962\",\n \"text\": \"Power Rangers in Space Power Rangers in Space is an American television series and the sixth season of the \\\"Power Rangers\\\" franchise, based on the Super Sentai series \\\"Denji Sentai Megaranger\\\". As with all \\\"Power Rangers\\\" programs, \\\"in Space\\\" is based on one of the entries of the \\\"Super Sentai\\\" series. However, due to miscommunication between the United States and Japan as to the contents of the Sentai series, much of the space footage is original to the American adaptation. \\\"In Space\\\" was a turning point for the Power Rangers franchise, as the season brought closure to six seasons of\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers in Space\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482947\",\n \"text\": \"universe for the franchise is uncertain. RJ Cyler, who starred in \\\"Power Rangers\\\" stated on August 20, 2018 that Hasbro has yet to announce any plans for a movie sequel. In January 2016, Saban and Nickelodeon extended their broadcast partnership through 2018. In February 2018, the companies announced that \\\"Power Rangers\\\" would continue airing on Nickelodeon through 2021. The first six seasons, starting with \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" and ending with \\\"In Space\\\", were direct continuations of the preceding season with evolving storylines and character development. The second season began the annual tradition of the Power Rangers acquiring new Zords\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18294689\",\n \"text\": \"plans for Power Rangers. The franchise remains as strong and enthusiastic about its future as ever.\\\" On May 1, 2018, Saban Brands agreed to sell Power Rangers and other entertainment assets to Hasbro (who came close but failed to buy Lionsgate) for US$522 million in cash and stock with the sale expect to closed in the second quarter. On August 8, 2018, Hasbro announced they would be working with a film studio (it's unclear if it would be Lionsgate) to develop a follow-up to \\\"Power Rangers\\\". Power Rangers (film) Saban's Power Rangers, or simply Power Rangers, is a 2017 American\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10935666\",\n \"text\": \"of JAM Project recorded a cover of \\\"Go Go Power Rangers.\\\" The song, when used as the main theme for \\\"Power Rangers Samurai\\\" and \\\"Power Rangers Super Samurai,\\\" was performed by Noam Kaniel. Different arrangements, with some of the lyrics altered for each, were used for the subsequent series, \\\"Power Rangers Megaforce\\\" and \\\"Power Rangers Super Megaforce\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Dino Charge\\\" and \\\"Power Rangers Dino Super Charge\\\", and \\\"Power Rangers Ninja Steel\\\" all were also performed by Kaniel. Go Go Power Rangers \\\"Go Go Power Rangers\\\" is a single by Ron Wasserman who recorded the song as \\\"Aaron Waters -\",\n \"title\": \"Go Go Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2711975\",\n \"text\": \"returning, Saban and Fox decided to continue production of the series. The Psycho Rangers are five evil rangers created by Astronoma as part of her plans to destroy Dark Specter and originally drew their energy from him, who felt the drain more strongly if the Psychos fought hard. Though stronger than the Power Rangers, the Psycho Rangers were impatient, could not work together, and unwilling to follow Astronema's plans, leading to them being destroyed by the Space Rangers before Dark Specter was. When grown, their true monster forms were revealed. As spirits, they sought a way to return to physical\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers in Space\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2536305\",\n \"text\": \"to \\\"Power Rangers\\\". According to both Frank and Brad Hawkins, Hawkins' character was to replace Tommy Oliver originally as the White Ranger on Power Rangers. However, due to Tommy Oliver's popularity with \\\"Ranger\\\" fans, Frank was brought back, with Tommy Oliver becoming the White Ranger. Hawkins would take over on \\\"VR Troopers\\\". The character Adam Steele was renamed Ryan Steele. After three seasons, \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" transitioned into \\\"Power Rangers Zeo\\\". The transition is part of the annual Ranger suit change to match the annual change of the \\\"Super Sentai\\\" series. Frank's character became the Red Zeo Ranger (also\",\n \"title\": \"Jason David Frank\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4720443\",\n \"text\": \"and frequents the shelter. As Rocky is rushed to the hospital, Justin follows the group and learns that they are Power Rangers. Zordon sends Tommy and Katherine to search for Lerigot. After a run in with a boa constrictor, fierce water rapids, and an injury to Katherine's leg, they manage to find him and return to the Power Chamber. Divatox's nephew, Elgar searches for two human sacrifices to revive Maligore. He abducts Bulk and Skull, but Divatox rejects them for not being pure of heart. Divatox finds two perfect specimens who are scuba diving nearby and captures them. While recovering,\",\n \"title\": \"Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482954\",\n \"text\": \"at newsstands. The iTunes Store previously made Power Rangers episodes available: part of \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\", all of \\\"Power Rangers S.P.D.\\\", and the first 26 episodes of \\\"Power Rangers Mystic Force\\\". Subsequent seasons and episodes of the program also made their appearances in the iTunes Store, but , \\\"\\\" is the only Power Rangers film available. In 2012, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Season 1 volumes 1 & 2 were released on iTunes to coincide with the DVD releases. As of February 2013, all 3 seasons of \\\"MMPR\\\" were released on iTunes. On June 15, 2011, all episodes of Power\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19955315\",\n \"text\": \"Storm\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\\\", \\\"Power Rangers S.P.D.\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Mystic Force\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Operation Overdrive\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\\\" and \\\"Power Rangers RPM\\\". Many of these comic strips were later collected and re-released worldwide in Annual books. In 2008, Bandai produced a promotional mini-comic based on \\\"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\\\". The mini-comic was bundled with select action figures from the \\\"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\\\" toy line. From 2012 to 2015, Panini Comics produced a revival of the official Power Rangers Magazine in the United Kingdom. The magazine featured short comic strips based on \\\"Power Rangers Samurai\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Super\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482957\",\n \"text\": \"detailing the various toys and television seasons over the franchise's 25-year run. Power Rangers Power Rangers is an American entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live-action superhero television series, based on the Japanese tokusatsu franchise \\\"Super Sentai\\\". Produced first by Saban Entertainment, second by BVS Entertainment, later by SCG Power Rangers and today by Hasbro, the \\\"Power Rangers\\\" television series takes much of its footage from the \\\"Super Sentai\\\" television series, produced by Toei Company. The first \\\"Power Rangers\\\" entry, \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\", debuted on August 28, 1993, and helped launch the Fox Kids programming block of the\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482929\",\n \"text\": \"Power Rangers Power Rangers is an American entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live-action superhero television series, based on the Japanese tokusatsu franchise \\\"Super Sentai\\\". Produced first by Saban Entertainment, second by BVS Entertainment, later by SCG Power Rangers and today by Hasbro, the \\\"Power Rangers\\\" television series takes much of its footage from the \\\"Super Sentai\\\" television series, produced by Toei Company. The first \\\"Power Rangers\\\" entry, \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\", debuted on August 28, 1993, and helped launch the Fox Kids programming block of the 1990s, during which it catapulted into popular culture along with a line\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482952\",\n \"text\": \"broadcast in South Korea have similarly named titles as their American counterparts, such as \\\"Power Ranger Dino Thunder\\\" for \\\"Abaranger\\\" in 2007 and \\\"Power Ranger S.P.D.\\\" in place of \\\"Dekaranger\\\". , 33 \\\"Power Rangers\\\" DVD collections have been released in the United States: Internationally, additional DVD releases have occurred (such as \\\"Lightspeed Rescue\\\", \\\"Time Force\\\" and \\\"Wild Force\\\" in Germany) and as free DVDs attached to the \\\"Jetix\\\" magazine, published in the UK. \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Season 1\\\", \\\"Season 2\\\", and \\\"Season 3\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Zeo\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Turbo\\\", and \\\"Power Rangers in Space\\\" have been released in Germany\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10438479\",\n \"text\": \"and the two join the Power Rangers who use their animal spirits finally to defeat Dai Shi and its forces. In the epilogue, Jarrod goes back to the Pai Zhua to begin his training again, followed by Camille, who later returns as a Power Ranger in her own right. Lily, Theo, and RJ remain at Karma Pizza. Dominic and Fran backpack around the world, and Casey becomes a teacher at the Pai Zhua - with Jarrod and Camille among his students. Jungle Fury Rangers Jungle Fury Spirit Rangers Allies Villains Power Rangers Jungle Fury Power Rangers Jungle Fury is the\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17041341\",\n \"text\": \"The Tenga Warriors effectively replace the Putties because they cannot be destroyed easily as they can. In \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie\\\", Ivan Ooze had virtually identical soldiers called the Tengu Warriors, but created from his ooze instead of eggs. Like their TV counterparts, the Tengus are shown to have the power of speech. In the \\\"Power Rangers S.P.D.\\\" episodes \\\"Shadow\\\" Pt. 2 and \\\"Wired\\\" Pt. 2, a Tenga is seen as a patron at Piggy's diner. Ivan Ooze is a fictional character in the Power Rangers universe, who appears as the primary antagonist in the film \\\"\\\" (1995).\",\n \"title\": \"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2711967\",\n \"text\": \"(along with Ecliptor) is recaptured and reprogrammed to follow Dark Specter. Astronema becomes more evil than ever, as she not only wants to destroy the Space Rangers, but also Dark Specter. To that end, she unleashes the Psycho Rangers. The five robotic (and borderline insane) villains possess great power, which secretly comes from Dark Specter. Every time they fight, Dark Specter is drained of power and grows weaker. Only through a great deal of effort are the six Space Rangers able to overcome the Psycho Rangers. Soon afterward, the Rangers suffer setbacks that see two Megazords destroyed, which are Delta\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers in Space\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11412504\",\n \"text\": \"Power Rangers Wild Force (video game) Power Rangers Wild Force is a video game based on the television series of the same name, developed by THQ, for the Game Boy Advance in 2002. The player plays as one of six Rangers. Back up Rangers can be summoned for additional attack power throughout each level. The player fights Putrids until encountering the final boss in each level. After defeating the boss, the boss grows to giant size, and the player selects a Megazord combination to fight the large monster, in a series of Quick time Events. The game is played across\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Wild Force (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19955314\",\n \"text\": \"2009, Future Publishing produced the official Jetix Magazine in the United Kingdom. The magazine featured short comic strips based on several shows aired on Jetix in the United Kingdom including \\\"Power Rangers Ninja Storm\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Dino Thunder\\\", \\\"Power Rangers S.P.D.\\\" and \\\"Power Rangers Operation Overdrive\\\". The seasons of \\\"Power Rangers Mystic Force\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\\\" and \\\"Power Rangers RPM\\\" were also covered in the magazine, but did not receive comic strips. From 2004 to 2010, Egmont Group produced the official Power Rangers Magazine in the United Kingdom. The magazine featured short comic strips based on \\\"Power Rangers Ninja\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11412505\",\n \"text\": \"12 levels. Passwords are provided at the end of each level, allowing the player to resume a specific level by entering the correct password. A Battle Mode allows for up to four players to compete against each other. Power Rangers Wild Force (video game) Power Rangers Wild Force is a video game based on the television series of the same name, developed by THQ, for the Game Boy Advance in 2002. The player plays as one of six Rangers. Back up Rangers can be summoned for additional attack power throughout each level. The player fights Putrids until encountering the final\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Wild Force (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2543975\",\n \"text\": \"Power Rangers Zeo Power Rangers Zeo is an American television series and the fourth season of the \\\"Power Rangers\\\" franchise, based on the Super Sentai series \\\"Chōriki Sentai Ohranger\\\". It is the continuation of \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\", which aired in 1996. \\\"Power Rangers Zeo\\\" is also the first season of \\\"Power Rangers\\\" to follow the Sentai practice of annual Ranger suit changes and also the last series to use \\\"it's Morphin' Time\\\" until the Saban Brands era of Power Rangers returns with it as a pre-start command starting with \\\"Power Rangers\\\" \\\"Megaforce\\\". \\\"Power Rangers Zeo\\\" begins immediately after the\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers Zeo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2711976\",\n \"text\": \"form; this led them to the lost city, where they used a digitizing device in reverse to become real again. However, the rangers digitized them into data cards; the cards later ended up in Deviot's possession, who revived them in \\\"Power Rangers Lost Galaxy\\\", but they were again destroyed by both the Galaxy and Space Rangers. The monsters used in this season work for Astronema. The monsters are adapted from the monsters that are featured in \\\"Denji Sentai Megaranger\\\". To make a monster grow, Astronema would give orders to fire the Sattelaser at the monster making it grow. Villains from\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers in Space\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17041323\",\n \"text\": \"the other Rangers, and brought them back to summon the Thunder Megazord and deal with the Dragonzord. He then destroyed the Wizard, breaking the spell on the Green Ranger, whom he now called Tom. Tom, much like Tommy was, was sick with remorse after being freed from the spell, but Tommy convinced him that he could still do good based on his own experience. Tom broke the spell on the Dragonzord and sent him back to the sea. The White and Green Rangers went back in time to colonial Angel Grove to destroy the Rat Monsters the Wizard had created\",\n \"title\": \"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482942\",\n \"text\": \"to the Disney buyout before production began. Since the re-acquisition of \\\"Power Rangers\\\" by Saban in 2010, this practice has continued once again starting with \\\"Samurai\\\", and will continue with the Hasbro-era seasons. From 2005 until 2007, Jetix aired \\\"Power Rangers\\\" reruns branded as \\\"Power Rangers Generations\\\" showcasing select episodes from \\\"Mighty Morphin\\\" through \\\"Dino Thunder\\\". In 2008, \\\"Power Rangers Jungle Fury\\\" was originally set to be the final season, but due to obligations with Bandai, Disney produced one more season, \\\"Power Rangers RPM.\\\" An article in \\\"The New Zealand Herald\\\" published on March 7, 2009, identified \\\"RPM\\\" as the\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1482946\",\n \"text\": \"Saban Brands announced that it had extended agreements with Nickelodeon and Bandai America Incorporated through 2016 for its globally recognized Power Rangers franchise. The 90s Are All That aired \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" as part of Mighty Morphin Weekend in 2013. In May 2014, Saban Brands and Lionsgate announced that they are planning to produce a new \\\"Power Rangers\\\" feature film, and would hopefully launch a \\\"Power Rangers\\\" film franchise. The movie, titled simply \\\"Power Rangers\\\", was released on March 24, 2017, with mixed reviews and a failure at the box office, as a result, the future of a cinematographic\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19955316\",\n \"text\": \"Samurai\\\", \\\"Power Rangers Megaforce\\\" and \\\"Power Rangers Super Megaforce\\\". In 2014, Papercutz produced three separate issues based on \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\", after having previously done two issues based on \\\"Power Rangers Super Samurai\\\" in 2012 and two issues based on \\\"Power Rangers Megaforce\\\" in 2013. In March 2016, BOOM! Studios released a new \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\\\" comic series based on the original series, but that is set in modern day. The character Kimberly Hart also got her own spinoff comic called \\\"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Pink\\\" on 1 June 2016. To capitalize on the 2017 Power Rangers movie,\",\n \"title\": \"Power Rangers (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17041308\",\n \"text\": \"for being defeated by a bunch of children, even after she warned him about Zordon. Zedd has her punished by shrinking her and sealing her away in a space dumpster to travel for eternity. Despite his early defeats, Zedd's attack on Earth became progressively more violent and focused most of his attention on eliminating Tommy, whom he saw as Rita's biggest mistake. He succeeded in eliminating the Green Ranger powers with the help of a Green Crystal that serves to drain Tommy's powers as well as serving to power up his own brand of evil rangers. After both the crystal\",\n \"title\": \"Villains in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["jason david frank"],"string":"[\n \"jason david frank\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2194,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what country did marco polo come from?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"255833","text":"is named after the explorer, who described it during his crossing of Pamir (ancient Mount Imeon) in 1271. In 1851, a three-masted Clipper built in Saint John, New Brunswick also took his name; the \"Marco Polo\" was the first ship to sail around the world in under six months. The airport in Venice is named Venice Marco Polo Airport. The frequent flyer programme of Hong Kong flag carrier Cathay Pacific is known as the \"Marco Polo Club\". The travels of Marco Polo are fictionalised in a number works, such as: Marco Polo Marco Polo (, , ; 1254January 8–9, 1324)","title":"Marco Polo"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255833\",\n \"text\": \"is named after the explorer, who described it during his crossing of Pamir (ancient Mount Imeon) in 1271. In 1851, a three-masted Clipper built in Saint John, New Brunswick also took his name; the \\\"Marco Polo\\\" was the first ship to sail around the world in under six months. The airport in Venice is named Venice Marco Polo Airport. The frequent flyer programme of Hong Kong flag carrier Cathay Pacific is known as the \\\"Marco Polo Club\\\". The travels of Marco Polo are fictionalised in a number works, such as: Marco Polo Marco Polo (, , ; 1254January 8–9, 1324)\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"15832704","text":"adequate linguistic competence and research methodology ... and her major arguments cannot withstand close scrutiny. Her conclusion fails to consider all the evidence supporting Marco Polo's credibility.\" Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 book, by Frances Wood, arguing that Italian explorer Marco Polo never visited China but travelled no further than Persia and that he based his description of China on accounts from Persian travelers. The book notes that Polo failed to mention the Great Wall, the use of chopsticks as eating utensils, tea, foot-binding, Chinese calligraphy or other significant features","title":"Did Marco Polo Go to China?"},{"psg_id":"15832699","text":"Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 book, by Frances Wood, arguing that Italian explorer Marco Polo never visited China but travelled no further than Persia and that he based his description of China on accounts from Persian travelers. The book notes that Polo failed to mention the Great Wall, the use of chopsticks as eating utensils, tea, foot-binding, Chinese calligraphy or other significant features and that there are no Chinese records of Polo's presence. Thus it is a typical example of an argument from silence. Some archeologists have pointed to inconsistencies","title":"Did Marco Polo Go to China?"},{"psg_id":"255820","text":"on building mangonels during the Siege of Xiangyang, a claim that cannot possibly be true as the siege was over before Polo had arrived in China. The Mongol army that besieged Xiangyang did have foreign military engineers, but they were mentioned in Chinese sources as being from Baghdad and had Arabic names. Stephen G. Haw, however, challenges this idea that Polo exaggerated his own importance, writing that, \"contrary to what has often been said...Marco does not claim any very exalted position for himself in the Yuan empire.\" He points out that Marco never claimed to be a minister of high","title":"Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"255832","text":"appears) to have been partially based on the one brought from Cathay by Marco Polo: Though Marco Polo never produced a map that illustrated his journey, his family drew several maps to the Far East based on the wayward's accounts. These collection of maps were signed by Polo's three daughters: Fantina, Bellela and Moreta. Not only did it contain maps of his journey, but also sea routes to Japan, Siberia's Kamchatka Peninsula, the Bering Strait and even to the coastlines of Alaska, centuries before the rediscovery of the Americas by Europeans. The Marco Polo sheep, a subspecies of \"Ovis ammon\",","title":"Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"7374853","text":"if they come into contact with Marco Polo sheep. However, the shepherds in the area do not generally have access to veterinary care for their animals, and it is possible that these could transmit diseases to the wild sheep. Most Marco Polo sheep live in the Pamir Mountains region adjacent to the borders of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and China. Their elevation ranges from above sea level. The subspecies lives mainly in the northwestern part of the Hunza district of Pakistan along the Chinese border, inhabiting the Kilik Mintaka border and the northwestern area of Khunjerab National Park. Marco Polo","title":"Marco Polo sheep"},{"psg_id":"255826","text":"noted that the only Persian source that mentions the princess was not completed until 1310–11, therefore Marco Polo could not have learned the information from any Persian book. According to de Rachewiltz, the concordance of Polo's detailed account of the princess with other independent sources that gave only incomplete information is proof of the veracity of Polo's story and his presence in China. Morgan writes that since much of what \"The Book of Marvels\" has to say about China is \"demonstrably correct\" that to claim that Polo did not go to China \"creates far more problems than it solves\" and","title":"Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"15832701","text":"claims that the \"History of Yuan\" mentions Giovanni de Marignolli by name even though it mentions only the tributary gift that he brought to the Yuan court, a large impressive war horse given by the \"Franks\" (\"Fulang\") of Europe. The historian David Morgan also points out basic errors made such as confusing the Liao dynasty with the Jin dynasty, and he found no compelling evidence in the book that would convince him that Marco Polo did not go to China. Haw also argues in his book \"Marco Polo's China\" that Marco's account is much more correct and accurate than has","title":"Did Marco Polo Go to China?"},{"psg_id":"13251031","text":"mainland China (Marco Polo Parkside Beijing, Marco Polo Wuhan, Marco Polo Xiamen, Marco Polo Jinjiang, Marco Polo Shenzhen, Marco Polo Lingnan Tiandi, Foshan and Marco Polo Changzhou) and the Philippines (Marco Polo Plaza Cebu, Marco Polo Davao and the Marco Polo Ortigas Manila). Niccolo by Marco Polo was recently added to the group’s portfolio as the new luxury collection. Its first hotel opened in Chengdu in April 2015 and is located within International Finance Square (IFS) in the centre of the city. The company plans to open one new Marco Polo hotel and three new Niccolo hotels to bring the","title":"Marco Polo Hotels"},{"psg_id":"11627529","text":"to a partnership between the teams, resulting in the 2007 Discovery Channel Marco Polo team. In 2008, Trek became the sponsor and the name became Trek-Marco Polo. The team has a house in the Netherlands for riders. After a ten-year run the team did not have a sponsor for 2013 season. As of 23 February 2012. Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie (UCI Code: MPC) was a UCI Continental cycling team, registered in Ethiopia. The team is named after traveller Marco Polo, and has title sponsorship from Belgian coffee company Donckers Koffie. The idea of the team came","title":"Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie"},{"psg_id":"9128663","text":"version of \"Blind Man's Bluff\": Get into the swim, The place to begin, At Marco Polo Park. There's things to do For me and you At Marco Polo Park. It's fun for you and me, And it's made for you and me. It's Marco Polo, Marco Polo, Marco Polo Park. So, get into the swim, The place to begin, At Marco Polo, Marco Polo, Marco Polo Park. Marco Polo Park Marco Polo Park (AKA Passport to Fun World) was a theme park located just west of Interstate 95 between Jacksonville and Daytona Beach near Bunnell, at Exit 278 in Flagler","title":"Marco Polo Park"},{"psg_id":"255813","text":"details in his description of southern Chinese cities compared to northern ones, while Herbert Franke also raised the possibility that Marco Polo might not have been to China at all, and wondered if he might have based his accounts on Persian sources due to his use of Persian expressions. This is taken further by Dr. Frances Wood who claimed in her 1995 book \"Did Marco Polo Go to China?\" that at best Polo never went farther east than Persia (modern Iran), and that there is nothing in \"The Book of Marvels\" about China that could not be obtained via reading","title":"Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"3858144","text":"Polo\" replaced MS \"Arielle\" in Transocean Tours fleet, operating cruises out of the United Kingdom as well as Germany. The sale of the \"Marco Polo\" also meant the end of the Orient Lines brand. Transocean Tours said that they planned to operate the ship until 2012 at least. On 6 July 2009 \"Marco Polo\" called at Invergordon, Easter Ross, Scotland on a cruise outbound from Tilbury in Essex. During a health inspection by the local port health officials up to 150 passengers were discovered to have been infected with what was presumed to be norovirus; the number of infected passengers","title":"MS Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"7158384","text":"0.24, compared to the Medusa's 0.26. The Marco Polo, while a four-seater, has only two doors of the gullwing style, like the ones used on the Marzal, which can be opened from either the front or back seats. Lamborghini Marco Polo The Lamborghini Marco Polo, or ItalDesign Marco Polo, was a styling exercise by Italdesign Giugiaro. Introduced in 1982 at the Bologna Motor Show, the Marco Polo was inspired by the Lancia Medusa concept car designed by Italdesign two years prior. The design was originally intended for an upcoming DeLorean DMC-24 sedan, but DMC ran out of money before the","title":"Lamborghini Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"7158382","text":"Lamborghini Marco Polo The Lamborghini Marco Polo, or ItalDesign Marco Polo, was a styling exercise by Italdesign Giugiaro. Introduced in 1982 at the Bologna Motor Show, the Marco Polo was inspired by the Lancia Medusa concept car designed by Italdesign two years prior. The design was originally intended for an upcoming DeLorean DMC-24 sedan, but DMC ran out of money before the concept was finished. Italdesign then recycled the design into a concept for Lamborghini. The wheels on the Marco Polo are standard DeLorean alloys covered by hubcaps. The Marco Polo is not a running prototype, rather the design is","title":"Lamborghini Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"13251030","text":"and the Hong Kong hotel division was again rebranded, the Marco Polo Hotels Group. Later, the Marco Polo Hotel was renamed the Gateway Hotel and the Hong Kong Hotel became the Marco Polo Hong Kong Hotel. In 2013, through another subsidiary, Wharf won a tender to lease and convert the HKSAR Government's Murray Building in Central, Hong Kong Island, to a 336-room hotel and subsequently announced that it would open in October 2017, be branded \"The Murray\" and managed by Marco Polo Hotels. Current locations of Marco Polo hotels are in Hong Kong (Marco Polo Hong Kong, Gateway and Prince),","title":"Marco Polo Hotels"},{"psg_id":"8959569","text":"meeting after a meeting of the most prominent leaders, Marco Polo is asked \"what would you do if you were the great khan?\". Mercy is the answer to the rebellious Nayan. However, Kublai Khan declares mercy to be inconsistent to the khans. He leads an army to crush the army, but finds none as Nayan has dispersed the troops to avoid much bloodshed. Years pass and Marco Polo decides to leave. Kublai Khan is disappointed and reluctantly sees him off in one final ride. Two years later in 1294, the great khan dies, never having seen Marco again. Back in","title":"Marco Polo (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"2899813","text":"to a Dictionary of American Regional English survey, when asked to name a game played in the water, responded with \"Marco Polo.\" Although water polo was another popular pool game at the time, the name of the game 'Marco Polo' is apparently unrelated. In modern times, Marco Polo has been played worldwide. Various regions have their own versions of the game, with names such as Mermaid on the Rocks and Alligator. The term \"marco polo game\" is sometimes used to describe an online game where a similar call-and-response system of gameplay is adopted. Marco Polo is an \"easily modifiable game\",","title":"Marco Polo (game)"},{"psg_id":"7374847","text":"Marco Polo sheep The Marco Polo sheep (\"Ovis ammon polii\") is a subspecies of argali sheep, named after Marco Polo. Their habitat is the mountainous regions of Central Asia. Marco Polo sheep are distinguishable mostly by their large size and spiraling horns. Their conservation status is \"near threatened\" and efforts have been made to protect their numbers and keep them from commercial hunting. It has also been suggested that crossing them with domestic sheep could have agricultural benefits. The binomial name of the species as a whole is \"Ovis ammon\", described by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758, and all","title":"Marco Polo sheep"},{"psg_id":"15140040","text":"Marco Polo Cycling Club The Marco Polo Cycling Club was founded in December 2000 by Nathan Dahlberg, Anno Pedersen, Gudo Kramer and Remko Kramer. It was named after the most famous traveller in history, Marco Polo. the Chinese/Japanese characters on the blue team-clothing mean: “Fight with the firm conviction of victory”. The selection of the best Elite-riders joined together in the Marco Polo Cycling Team. In the Marco Polo Cycling Team cyclists from non-traditional cycling countries became a chance to show their talent. Cyclists from more than 20 nationalities have been part of the team. The team won the overall","title":"Marco Polo Cycling Club"},{"psg_id":"8959551","text":"Marco Polo. Marco Polo is revealed to be another prisoner, but is accused of lying. The people questioning him are Brother Damien of Milan (Patrick Mower) and Fillipe of Genoa (Tony Lo Bianco), both members of the Order of Saint Dominic. Both are concerned that the tales of Marco Polo are heretical and will corrupt the minds of people, especially children. As Rustichello narrates, the story shifts to Marco Polo in his youth. In his youth, Marco Polo was eager to hear merchants tell stories of their travels. As his mother (Anne Bancroft) lays on her deathbed, Marco's aunt Flora","title":"Marco Polo (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"13251032","text":"total number under the Marco Polo portfolio to 18 by 2018. Marco Polo Changsha will open in 2018 while Niccolo Chongqing will open in 1Q 2017, with Niccolo Changsha and Niccolo Suzhou opening in 2018. The company plans to build more Marco Polo hotels in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Makati, Manila, Philippines Marco Polo Hotels Marco Polo Hotels () is a hotel management company based in Hong Kong that operates hotels in Hong Kong, Mainland China and the Philippines. Its hotels in Hong Kong are all located in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon. It is a wholly owned subsidiary","title":"Marco Polo Hotels"},{"psg_id":"15832702","text":"often been supposed and that it is extremely unlikely that he could have obtained all the information in his book from second-hand sources. Haw also criticizes Wood's approach to finding mention of Marco Polo in Chinese texts by contending that contemporaneous Europeans had little regard for using surnames and that a direct Chinese transliteration of the name \"Marco\" ignores the possibility of him taking on a Chinese or even Mongol name with no bearing or similarity with his Latin name. Reviewing Haw's book, Peter Jackson (author of \"The Mongols and the West\") has said that Haw \"must surely now have","title":"Did Marco Polo Go to China?"},{"psg_id":"255817","text":"widespread or was not practiced in an extreme form at that time. Marco Polo himself noted (in the Toledo manuscript) the dainty walk of Chinese women who took very short steps. It has also been noted by other scholars that many of the things not mentioned by Marco Polo such as tea and chopsticks were not mentioned by other travelers as well. Haw also pointed out that despite the few omissions, Marco Polo's account is more extensive, more accurate and more detailed than those of other foreign travelers to China in this period. Marco Polo even observed Chinese nautical inventions","title":"Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"255793","text":"certain Marco Polo, who in 1300 was mentioned with riots against the aristocratic government, and escaped the death penalty, as well as riots from 1310 led by Bajamonte Tiepolo (by mother side grandson of Trogir count Stjepko Šubić) and Marco Querini, among whose rebels were Jacobello and Francesco Polo from another family branch, is unclear. Polo is clearly mentioned again after 1305 in Maffeo's testament from 1309–1310, in a 1319 document according to which he became owner of some estates of his deceased father, and in 1321, when he bought part of the family property of his wife Donata. In","title":"Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"17014324","text":"more musicians. All tracks produced by Ensemble Renaissance The following people contributed to \"Marco Polo - The Journey\" Marco Polo – The Journey Marco Polo – The Journey is album by Ensemble Renaissance, released in 1992 on the Artelier Music label in Germany. It is Renaissance's 11th album. Theme of the album is early music from the time of the travels of Marco Polo. It is one of the Renaissance's more eclectic works, covering not only the instrumental istanpittas of the Italian Trecento and earlier Franciscan laudas, but also Byzantine chant, girl songs from Cyprus preserved in the Manuscript 1203","title":"Marco Polo – The Journey"},{"psg_id":"18553900","text":"Polo\" begins by discussing how in the 13th century A.D., a book was written \"that would change the course of history\"—the author was Marco Polo, who wrote about his travels in China, Persia, Tatarstan and India. Denis Belliveau and Francis O'Donnell, of Queens, New York, sought to retrace the entire 25,000 mile route of Marco Polo, eschewing aircraft and \"going only by land or sea\", even making a pact to return either “dead or successful”. Their main goal was to prove the validity of Marco Polo’s account by capturing images of what Polo described in his \"Book of the Marvels","title":"In the Footsteps of Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"8959558","text":"Marco Polo. Marco Polo arrives in the city of Shangdu in 1275. They are granted a meeting with Kublai Khan (Ying Ruocheng), who greets them generously. His wife is very accommodating and hosts a feast in the Polos' honour. That night in Shangdu, Marco Polo family is treated by Kublai Khan to a dinner and feast plus live entertainment for the night. The next morning, Kublai Khan and his son Chikin invite Marco Polo to a private meeting on the water front in a lake. He converses with the khan, discussing a lot of things. One of the things he","title":"Marco Polo (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"7791738","text":"was highly praised by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo during his visit to China in the 13th century (leading the bridge to become known in Europe simply as the \"Marco Polo Bridge\"), and for the 20th century Marco Polo Bridge Incident, which marked the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). Following the Communist takeover of China in 1949, the bridge was decked in asphalt and carried motor vehicular traffic. To alleviate traffic on the bridge, the New Marco Polo Bridge () located about 1 km to the south was completed in 1971. Later, due to the cultural and historical","title":"Marco Polo Bridge"},{"psg_id":"7374864","text":"for the flocks. This sheep may be crossed with domestic sheep to provide larger cuts of leaner meat. Additionally, as the meat of Marco Polo sheep is said to lack the muttony flavor of domestic sheep meat, researchers for the United States National Research Council Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation concluded that the meat of a cross may prove popular with consumers. However, Marco Polo sheep could be bred for more than just meat: their horns could be valuable, as could their hides or their wool. Marco Polo sheep The Marco Polo sheep (\"Ovis ammon polii\") is a subspecies of","title":"Marco Polo sheep"},{"psg_id":"2899815","text":"to see others). According to the Nevada Regional Medical Center, \"Marco Polo is not only fun, it can be a good workout. It also puts less stress on your bones and joints because the water makes your body float.\" Marco Polo (game) The sport Marco Polo is an American form of tag played in a swimming pool. One player is chosen as \"It\". This player closes his or her eyes and tries to find and tag the other players without the use of vision. The player who is \"It\" shouts \"Marco\" and the other players must respond by shouting \"Polo\",","title":"Marco Polo (game)"},{"psg_id":"15140042","text":"projects in development countries, the Marco Polo Cycling Club Internet community had grown to 2000 members from 92 countries in 2006. But in that year the Internet community was stopped for various reasons. In 2010 The Marco Polo Cycling Club came back online. After more than 4 years absence of an online home, the Internet cycling club returned with a new website. In 2010 Marco Polo Cycling is also celebrating its 10th anniversary and is making a closer connection between its members and fans and the continental team with Chinese registration, Marco Polo Cycling Team. Also the connection between the","title":"Marco Polo Cycling Club"},{"psg_id":"19674424","text":"year. Marco Polo Ortigas Manila Marco Polo Ortigas Manila () is a hotel at the Ortigas Center in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. In May 2012, it was reported that First SLP Holdings through its unit, Xin Tian TI Development Corporation has signed an agreement with the Marco Polo Hotels Group to build the Marco Polo Ortigas Manila. The groundbreaking ceremony for the hotel led by Xin Tian TI Development Corporation and Marco Polo Hotels Group was held in December 10, 2010 with the completion target set on the 2nd Quarter of 2014. The construction of the hotel began in October","title":"Marco Polo Ortigas Manila"},{"psg_id":"19674421","text":"Marco Polo Ortigas Manila Marco Polo Ortigas Manila () is a hotel at the Ortigas Center in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. In May 2012, it was reported that First SLP Holdings through its unit, Xin Tian TI Development Corporation has signed an agreement with the Marco Polo Hotels Group to build the Marco Polo Ortigas Manila. The groundbreaking ceremony for the hotel led by Xin Tian TI Development Corporation and Marco Polo Hotels Group was held in December 10, 2010 with the completion target set on the 2nd Quarter of 2014. The construction of the hotel began in October 2010,","title":"Marco Polo Ortigas Manila"},{"psg_id":"7791736","text":"Marco Polo Bridge The Marco Polo Bridge or Lugou Bridge is a stone bridge located 15 km southwest of Beijing city center in the Fengtai District. It bridges the Yongding River, a major tributary of Hai River. Situated at the eastern end of the bridge is the Wanping Fortress, a historic 17th-century fortress, with the Museum of the War of Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression inside. In recent years, the water of Yongding River has been diverted to different areas of Beijing so often there is no water under the bridge. The name \"Marco Polo Bridge\" derives from its","title":"Marco Polo Bridge"},{"psg_id":"4197762","text":"but appear as little more than curved ridges. The interior has little detail of interest apart from a tiny craterlet along the southwest inner wall. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Marco Polo. Marco Polo (crater) Marco Polo is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged foothills to the south of the Montes Apenninus mountain range. It lies just 20 kilometers to the west of the Mare Vaporum, but is otherwise located in an undistinguished region of terrain with","title":"Marco Polo (crater)"},{"psg_id":"3858132","text":"MS Marco Polo MS \"Marco Polo is a cruise ship owned by the Global Maritime Group under charter to UK-based Cruise & Maritime Voyages, having been previously operated by Transocean Tours, Germany. She was built as an ocean liner in 1965 by Mathias-Thesen Werft, East Germany as Aleksandr Pushkin\" for the Soviet Union's Baltic Shipping Company. After major alterations and additions, the ship sailed as \"Marco Polo\" for Orient Lines from 1993 to 2008. The \"Aleksandr Pushkin\" was constructed at VEB Mathias-Thesen Werft in Wismar, East Germany. She was the second ship of the (also referred to as \"poet\" or","title":"MS Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"2899810","text":"Marco Polo (game) The sport Marco Polo is an American form of tag played in a swimming pool. One player is chosen as \"It\". This player closes his or her eyes and tries to find and tag the other players without the use of vision. The player who is \"It\" shouts \"Marco\" and the other players must respond by shouting \"Polo\", which \"It\" uses to try to find them. If a player is tagged, then that player becomes \"It.\" The game can also be played on land, with slightly modified rules, or played with the addition of rules from Fish","title":"Marco Polo (game)"},{"psg_id":"13750037","text":"a chorus of 20 and a large orchestra of both modern and medieval European instruments as well as instruments from the cultures that Marco Polo passed through on his journey, including sitar, pipa, sheng, tabla and Tibetan horns and bells. \"Marco Polo\" won the 1998 Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition. \"Marco Polo\" began as a commission by the Edinburgh International Festival in the late 1980s. However, it was not completed until 1995 and received its first performance at the Munich Biennale on 7 May 1996 directed by Martha Clarke. Its US premiere followed on 8 November 1997 at the New","title":"Marco Polo (opera)"},{"psg_id":"12877227","text":"Marco Polo (spacecraft) Marco Polo was a proposed space mission concept studied between 2005 and 2015 that would return a sample of material to Earth from the surface of a Near Earth asteroid (NEA) for detailed study in laboratories. It was first proposed to the European Space Agency in collaboration with the Japan aerospace exploration agency JAXA. The concept was rejected four times between 2007 and 2015 for the Cosmic Vision programme \"M\" medium-class missions. Marco Polo was a mission concept aimed at visiting a small asteroid and returning a sample to Earth for analysis in laboratory. The concept was","title":"Marco Polo (spacecraft)"},{"psg_id":"16597356","text":"HBO fantasy epic, but in truth, \"Marco\" is far closer to one of those cheesy international syndicated adventures.\" In 2015, the President of Mongolia Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj presented John Fusco and the \"Marco Polo\" creative team with an award, honoring their positive portrayal and global presentation of Mongolian subject matter. Fusco, himself, has described the series as historical fiction, based on the accounts of the Venetian traveler Marco Polo. Marco Polo (TV series) Marco Polo is an American drama web television series inspired by Marco Polo's early years in the court of Kublai Khan, the Khagan of the Mongol Empire and","title":"Marco Polo (TV series)"},{"psg_id":"17014319","text":"Marco Polo – The Journey Marco Polo – The Journey is album by Ensemble Renaissance, released in 1992 on the Artelier Music label in Germany. It is Renaissance's 11th album. Theme of the album is early music from the time of the travels of Marco Polo. It is one of the Renaissance's more eclectic works, covering not only the instrumental istanpittas of the Italian Trecento and earlier Franciscan laudas, but also Byzantine chant, girl songs from Cyprus preserved in the Manuscript 1203 kept in Iviron monastery, Persian and Arabic dances, traditional Music of Mongolia and Ancient Chinese ceremonial music. \"Marco","title":"Marco Polo – The Journey"},{"psg_id":"255822","text":"for someone else, yet all the manuscripts concur that he worked as an esteemed emissary for the khan. Haw also objected to the approach to finding mention of Marco Polo in Chinese texts, contending that contemporaneous Europeans had little regard for using surnames, and a direct Chinese transcription of the name \"Marco\" ignores the possibility of him taking on a Chinese or even Mongol name that had no bearing or similarity with his Latin name. A number of errors in Marco Polo's account have been noted: for example, he described the bridge later known as Marco Polo Bridge as having","title":"Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"9128655","text":"Marco Polo Park Marco Polo Park (AKA Passport to Fun World) was a theme park located just west of Interstate 95 between Jacksonville and Daytona Beach near Bunnell, at Exit 278 in Flagler County, Florida on the site of the current Plantation Bay Golf and County Club community. The park's theme was based on Marco Polo's legendary travels through Europe and the Far East. The brochure provided at the park's entrance gave this description: \"Like Marco Polo himself, you will be wonderstruck at the authentic Oriental splendor of your personal voyage of discovery as you journey into the exotic four","title":"Marco Polo Park"},{"psg_id":"8959564","text":"the treasury. Marco is to go out and consort to the person named Talib, who is to be trusted. And no one else. The next day, Kublai spends time with the Chikin. Chinkin is to be married and is not welcome to the people who despise Marco Polo. As he bids him farewell, the son leaves. That afternoon, Marco Polo leaves for Yanzhou. As Marco Polo comes at a river, an assassin fails, having been killed by Jacopo (F. Murray Abraham). Back in 1299 in Genoa, Rustichello da Pisa, is to be summoned to answer for his words. The brothers","title":"Marco Polo (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"8959549","text":"Marco Polo (miniseries) Marco Polo is a 1982 American-Italian television miniseries originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and by RAI in Italy. It stars Kenneth Marshall as Marco Polo, the 13th-century Venetian merchant and explorer. The series also features appearances by Denholm Elliott, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Burt Lancaster, Ian McShane, Leonard Nimoy, and others. It was originally broadcast in four episodes, where episodes 1 and 4 were twice as long as episodes 2 and 3. The series is sometimes divided into six equally long episodes. Set in the 13th century, the series follows the adventures of Marco","title":"Marco Polo (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"7374848","text":"members of the species are commonly called \"argali\". The Marco Polo subspecies \"Ovis ammon polii\" was first described scientifically by zoologist Edward Blyth in 1841. These sheep are also commonly called \"Marco Polo's Argali\" or the \"Pamir Argali.\". The sheep are named after the 13th century explorer Marco Polo because they were described in \"The Travels of Marco Polo\". The 1914 \"Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan: Badakhshan\" notes that in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan the sheep are known locally as \"nakhjipar\". They are called \"ra-ma-poy\" in Wakhi, the language of natives of the Khunzerav region round the high Khunjerab Pass","title":"Marco Polo sheep"},{"psg_id":"8959563","text":"forgo invasion of Japan, since the other leaders did not dare to stand up to Kublai due to his fearsome temper. Marco polo's father and uncle comes back home. After the meeting, Ahmad Fanakati, the master of the financial system in the empire, is granted an audience with the Polo family. He tells Marco of two things to learn. One, Marco is to not trust anyone, especially people who seem friendly. Second, he reveals that he is the master at the financial system of the Empire and want to send Marco to the region of Yanzhou help collect taxes to","title":"Marco Polo (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"4738924","text":"is displayed at the Yarmouth County Museum & Archives in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. The original half-model of \"Marco Polo\" now lies in the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia. A replica, named \"Marco Polo II\", was constructed in Saint John over 30 years at the cost of over $50,000. The replica was located within the Port of Saint John in 2015. The replica was built by its creator, Barry Ogden, out of civic pride. Marco Polo (1851 ship) Marco Polo was a three-masted wooden clipper ship, launched in 1851 at Saint John, New Brunswick. She was named after Venetian traveler","title":"Marco Polo (1851 ship)"},{"psg_id":"19674423","text":"Lung Hin, a Cantonese restaurant, Café Pronto, a coffee venue and VU's, a sky bar and lounged at the 45th floor of the hotel. Marco Polo Ortigas Manila is dubbed as the first \"sky hotel\" meaning the hotel's rooms and amenities are situated on the top 20 floors of the hotel building. In 2016, the management of Marco Polo Ortigas Hotel was conferred with the 2015 Spirit of Marco Polo Best Guest Experience Award besting other hotels managed by the Marco Polo Hotels Group. The hotel was also given a 5-star award by the Department of Tourism on the same","title":"Marco Polo Ortigas Manila"},{"psg_id":"3048365","text":"Lucarotti, an old colleague from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, to the production team during the show's early development. Story editor David Whitaker contacted Lucarotti to write for the programme; Lucarotti, who had recently worked on the 18-part radio serial \"The Three Journeys of Marco Polo\" (1955), was commissioned on 9 July 1963 to write a seven-part serial about Italian merchant and explorer Marco Polo, titled \"Dr Who and a Journey to Cathay\". While developing the storyline, Lucarotti struggled with the fourth episode, and used anecdotal material from Polo's memoirs, \"The Travels of Marco Polo\", to pad out the plot. The","title":"Marco Polo (Doctor Who)"},{"psg_id":"18305700","text":"to make her ex to get jealous and that should make him feel important because it means he is at the same level as the other guy. In its original American broadcast, \"Marco Polo\" was watched by 9.71; down by 0.59 from the previous episode. \"Marco Polo\" received mixed reviews. Leigh Raines of \"TV Fanatic\" rated the episode with 4/5. \"On \"Marco Polo\", things got very \"National Lampoon's\" when the Dunphys were forced to stay at a motel in one room, while their house was cleared of mold.\" Joshua Alston from \"The A.V. Club\" gave the episode a grade of","title":"Marco Polo (Modern Family)"},{"psg_id":"255786","text":"historical sources considered them to be of Dalmatian origin. The lack of evidence makes the Korčula theory (probably under Ramusio influence) as a specific birthplace strongly disputed, and even some Croatian scholars consider it justly invented. In 1168, his great-uncle, Marco Polo, borrowed money and commanded a ship in Constantinople. His grandfather, Andrea Polo of the parish of San Felice, had three sons, Maffeo, yet another Marco, and the traveller's father Niccolò. This genealogy, described by Ramusio, is not universally accepted as there is no additional evidence to support it. His father, Niccolò Polo, a merchant, traded with the Near","title":"Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"8959560","text":"son suffers from the falling sickness (most likely epilepsy) and is brought back to Kublai. Marco Polo is appointed at a position in the court of the Kublai Khan. Due to his rise of the power in the court, he is gaining new enemies: the priests led by Saiamon who believe that the Kublai is coming under bad influence from foreigner influence (Marco Polo). As Chinkin and Marco arrive at the Great Wall, he learns the Great Wall is constructed by people commanded by the emperor. He is also told of the story of Meng Jiangnu, who cries of grief","title":"Marco Polo (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"10658295","text":"Marco Polo (producer) Marco Bruno, better known as Marco Polo, is a Canadian hip hop producer. Born in Toronto on December 26, 1979, he moved to New York City in the early 2000s to pursue a career in hip hop production, and has since become one of the most sought-after underground producers on the US East Coast. He has Italian origins; In fact, his parents emigrated respectively from Naples and from Calabria. When he came to New York City, Bruno worked as a sound engineer in several recording studios. As a result, he met up with legendary Brooklyn MC Masta","title":"Marco Polo (producer)"},{"psg_id":"4738913","text":"by James Smith. \"Marco Polo\" did not sell and the clipper was sent in ballast to Mobile, Alabama to pick up a cargo of cotton. The clipper made a second voyage to Liverpool, this time under the command of Amor Crosby. In February 1852, James Smith transferred all his shares in the clipper to his son, James Thomas Smith who then sold the vessel to Paddy McGee. McGee then flipped \"Marco Polo\" for profit to James Baines of James Baines & Co.. In 1852, the ship was purchased by James Baines for the Black Ball Line and converted for passenger","title":"Marco Polo (1851 ship)"},{"psg_id":"18505969","text":"in March 1904 and did not leave China until 14 January 1907. En route home the ship visited Zanzibar, Mogadishu, Italian Somaliland, and Massawa, Eritrea before arriving at Taranto on 26 April. \"Marco Polo\" was rearmed in 1911 and her armament was reduced to six 152 mm, four 120 mm, six 57 mm, and two 37 mm guns. One torpedo tube was also removed during this refit. When the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12 began on 29 September 1911, \"Marco Polo\" was assigned to the 2nd Division of the 1st Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet. She was quickly transferred, however, to","title":"Italian cruiser Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"20253059","text":"Marco Polo condo fire The Marco Polo condo fire was a high-rise fire that occurred at 2:17pm on July 14, 2017 in the 36-story Marco Polo condominum building at 2333 Kapiolani Boulevard in the McCully-Mōʻiliʻili neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii. 4 people were killed, and 13 others (including 1 firefighter) were injured. Over 200 units were damaged or destroyed giving the destruction of the building at more than $100 million. Additionally, concern about the abatement of asbestos, which was built into the Marco Polo structure, is under investigation by the state of Hawai'i's Department of Health and Department of Labor’s workplace","title":"Marco Polo condo fire"},{"psg_id":"15140043","text":"club members and the foundation Bike4All by Marco Polo Cycling that is working on development aid projects in and through cycling (now active in Ethiopia) is re-established, with a contribution to Bike4All for every item of team gear sold. Marco Polo Cycling Club The Marco Polo Cycling Club was founded in December 2000 by Nathan Dahlberg, Anno Pedersen, Gudo Kramer and Remko Kramer. It was named after the most famous traveller in history, Marco Polo. the Chinese/Japanese characters on the blue team-clothing mean: “Fight with the firm conviction of victory”. The selection of the best Elite-riders joined together in the","title":"Marco Polo Cycling Club"},{"psg_id":"8959571","text":"the 1982 Emmy in Outstanding Costume Design for a Regular or Limited Series. Vincenzo Labella as a producer, won the 1982 Emmy in Outstanding Limited Series. The miniseries also received 7 nominations in 1982. Marco Polo (miniseries) Marco Polo is a 1982 American-Italian television miniseries originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and by RAI in Italy. It stars Kenneth Marshall as Marco Polo, the 13th-century Venetian merchant and explorer. The series also features appearances by Denholm Elliott, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Burt Lancaster, Ian McShane, Leonard Nimoy, and others. It was originally broadcast in four episodes, where episodes","title":"Marco Polo (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"7791742","text":"\"Morning moon over Lugou\" (盧溝曉月 \"Lúgōu xiǎoyuè\"). For the 800 years since its completion, the bridge has been a well known scenic spot in Beijing. As well as being famed for its aesthetic features, Marco Polo Bridge is also considered to be an architectural masterpiece. It is built of granite, with a large central arch flanked by ten smaller ones. Each of the ten piers is protected by triangular iron pillars that have been installed to prevent damage by flood and ice. Marco Polo Bridge The Marco Polo Bridge or Lugou Bridge is a stone bridge located 15 km southwest","title":"Marco Polo Bridge"},{"psg_id":"7791739","text":"significance of the old bridge, it was decided that the old bridge be preserved, and another new bridge was to be built to take over the vehicular traffic. The new bridge, which carries the Jingshi Expressway, was built next to the New Marco Polo Bridge in 1985. After the completion of the Jingshi Expressway bridge, vehicular traffic was shifted to the two new bridges and the old Marco Polo Bridge was closed to motor vehicles. The asphalt surface of the old bridge was removed during a restoration in 1986. The Marco Polo Bridge is in length and in width, supported","title":"Marco Polo Bridge"},{"psg_id":"3858150","text":"On 1 November 2014, while docking at the port of Leknes in Lofoten, Norway, a strong breeze sent the cruise ship off course, resulting in the ship running aground at coordinates . MS Marco Polo MS \"Marco Polo is a cruise ship owned by the Global Maritime Group under charter to UK-based Cruise & Maritime Voyages, having been previously operated by Transocean Tours, Germany. She was built as an ocean liner in 1965 by Mathias-Thesen Werft, East Germany as Aleksandr Pushkin\" for the Soviet Union's Baltic Shipping Company. After major alterations and additions, the ship sailed as \"Marco Polo\" for","title":"MS Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"2899812","text":"the game of Marco Polo and the explorer of the same name, despite the creative efforts by some people, and it is hard to determine when the first game of Marco Polo was played.\" The game has similar traits with blind man's buff (essentially the same game played on dry land) and can be considered an offshoot. Wisegeek notes, \"Blind man's buff dates back to at least the 1500s, and it was once a very popular parlor game, especially with ladies.\" Marco Polo was known as a water game in America by the 1960s. Between 1965 and 1970, some respondents","title":"Marco Polo (game)"},{"psg_id":"13251029","text":"managed by The Peninsula Hotels in Hong Kong, a subsidiary of Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels, at one point, but in 1986, Wharf started its own hotel management company under the name Marco Polo International, with the objective to develop further hotels in the region. In 1989, Wharf bought Omni Hotels & Resorts in North America. The Marco Polo hotel division was rebranded as Omni Hotels Asia-Pacific, creating global marketing synergies with the Omni brand, hence its three hotels became the Omni Hong Kong Hotel, Omni Marco Polo Hotel and Omni Prince Hotel. In 1996, Wharf sold Omni Hotels North America","title":"Marco Polo Hotels"},{"psg_id":"255810","text":"the Yellow River with the Grand Canal and other waterways, and believed that porcelain was made from coal. Modern studies have further shown that details given in Marco Polo's book, such as the currencies used, salt productions and revenues, are accurate and unique. Such detailed descriptions are not found in other non-Chinese sources, and their accuracy is supported by archaeological evidence as well as Chinese records compiled after Polo had left China. His accounts are therefore unlikely to have been obtained second hand. Other accounts have also been verified; for example, when visiting Zhenjiang in Jiangsu, China, Marco Polo noted","title":"Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"4738914","text":"service between England and Australia to take advantage of the growing emigrant movement following the Australian gold rush. On \"Marco Polo\"s first voyage to Australia, the clipper carried over 900 people. Of them, 138 were Cabin or Intermediate class and 750 steerage and 60 crew. Of them 327 were children and 661 were Highland Scots. At the time of the clipper's departure, \"Marco Polo\" was the largest ship to travel to Australia. \"Marco Polo\" sailed from Liverpool under the command of James Forbes on July 4, 1852 and arrived at Port Phillip, Australia in 68 days, on September 18. After","title":"Marco Polo (1851 ship)"},{"psg_id":"4738908","text":"amidships. The design was considered stable and able to withstand the punishment of the open sea. \"Marco Polo\" was a long with a beam of and a draught of . The ship had a hold depth of . \"Marco Polo\" weighed 1,625 tons. The ship was square rigged and fitted with the roller reefing system that allowed the sails to be reefed from the deck rather than have the crew go up into the sails. The vessel had three masts and carried up to of sail. \"Marco Polo\" was later reduced to barque rig in 1874. The clipper had three","title":"Marco Polo (1851 ship)"},{"psg_id":"3048361","text":"Marco Polo (Doctor Who) Marco Polo is the completely missing fourth serial of the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It was first broadcast on BBC TV in seven weekly parts from 22 February to 4 April 1964. It was written by John Lucarotti and directed by Waris Hussein; John Crockett directed the fourth episode. The story is set in China in the year 1289, where the Doctor (William Hartnell), his granddaughter Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford), and her teachers Ian Chesterton (William Russell) and Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) meet the Venetian merchant-explorer Marco Polo (Mark Eden) and Mongolian","title":"Marco Polo (Doctor Who)"},{"psg_id":"15140041","text":"victory in more than 10 UCI international stage races and hundreds of top classifications, stages and one-day events. The collective mission of all Marco Polo Cycling projects is to support the development of cycling in ‘non-traditional cycling countries’. The team provides a platform for talented riders, the club brings people from all over the world together and the foundation Bike4All by Marco Polo Cycling is working on development aid projects in and through cycling. The Marco Polo Cycling Club was the first real Internet cycling club worldwide. However the focus was on building the team and improving the cycling aid","title":"Marco Polo Cycling Club"},{"psg_id":"8959550","text":"Polo, who departs with his father and his uncle to China. His journey through Asia lasts three and half years and leads him through barren deserts and vast steppes. Marco spends several years in Beijing as a guest of the Great Khan, earning the trust of and respect from the Emperor. Marco Polo (Kenneth Marshall) accompanies a Venetian merchant fleet as it stops for the night. A raid results in Marco being taken prisoner. In the year 1299, in the Italian city of Genoa, Rustichello da Pisa (David Warner) is held in a prison cell and questioned for information about","title":"Marco Polo (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"10658297","text":"was released, entitled \"Double Barrel\". On June 29, 2010, Marco Polo released \"The Stupendous Adventures of Marco Polo\" on Duck Down Records. The album featured guest raps from an assortment of acts including the Large Professor, Torae, Royce Da 5'9\" and others. In October 2012, he released the \"For My People EP\" with Italian rappers Bassi Maestro and Ghemon. Marco Polo's production revolves around his use of samples, and his style is somewhat comparable to that of Pete Rock and DJ Premier, the latter of which he names as his greatest influence. To give a more authentic effect to his","title":"Marco Polo (producer)"},{"psg_id":"18328160","text":"In Search of Marco Polo In Search of Marko Polo is a Croatian documentary TV miniseries written and directed by Miro Branković. By filming on the actual locations traversed by Marco Polo, the \"In Search of Marco Polo\" TV series brings to life the authenticity of the local peoples from the standpoints of ethnology, historiography, culture and economics. It follows the exact route depicted in his book, \"Il Milione\", documenting the peoples, customs and cultures along the way to bring into sharp relief the cultural differences within the Asian mainland. Viewers are introduced to their development, becoming familiar with three","title":"In Search of Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"16597349","text":"Marco Polo (TV series) Marco Polo is an American drama web television series inspired by Marco Polo's early years in the court of Kublai Khan, the Khagan of the Mongol Empire and the founder of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). The show premiered on Netflix on December 12, 2014. The series was written and created by John Fusco and stars Lorenzo Richelmy in the title role with Benedict Wong as Kublai Khan. The series is produced by The Weinstein Company. On January 7, 2015, \"Marco Polo\" was renewed by Netflix for a 10-episode second season, which premiered on July 1, 2016.","title":"Marco Polo (TV series)"},{"psg_id":"11627528","text":"Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie (UCI Code: MPC) was a UCI Continental cycling team, registered in Ethiopia. The team is named after traveller Marco Polo, and has title sponsorship from Belgian coffee company Donckers Koffie. The idea of the team came in 1998 and in 2001 the team was registered in Hong Kong. In 2003 it became a UCI Continental team and from 2005 the team was registered in China becoming the first professional cycling team from China. Li Fuyu rode with the team for two years from 2005 before joining the Discovery Channel team. This led","title":"Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie"},{"psg_id":"2837554","text":"information. The Travels of Marco Polo Book of the Marvels of the World (French: \"Livre des Merveilles du Monde\") or \"Description of the World\" (\"Devisement du Monde\"), in Italian \"Il Milione\" (, deriving from Polo's nickname \"Emilione\") or \"Oriente Poliano\" (\"Polian East\") and in English commonly called \"The Travels of Marco Polo\", is a 13th-century travelogue written down by Rustichello da Pisa from stories told by Italian explorer Marco Polo, describing Polo's travels through Asia between 1271 and 1295, and his experiences at the court of Kublai Khan. The book was written in Old French by romance writer Rustichello da","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"2837531","text":"The Travels of Marco Polo Book of the Marvels of the World (French: \"Livre des Merveilles du Monde\") or \"Description of the World\" (\"Devisement du Monde\"), in Italian \"Il Milione\" (, deriving from Polo's nickname \"Emilione\") or \"Oriente Poliano\" (\"Polian East\") and in English commonly called \"The Travels of Marco Polo\", is a 13th-century travelogue written down by Rustichello da Pisa from stories told by Italian explorer Marco Polo, describing Polo's travels through Asia between 1271 and 1295, and his experiences at the court of Kublai Khan. The book was written in Old French by romance writer Rustichello da Pisa,","title":"The Travels of Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"3858147","text":"Tours' intention of keeping the ship in its fleet until 2012, reports emerged in August 2009 that \"Marco Polo\" would be chartered to the newly founded, UK-based Cruise & Maritime Voyages for five years from 2 January 2010. Her planned itineraries included cruises from the UK to South America during the northern hemisphere winter months, and from the UK to Northern Europe and the Mediterranean during the summer months. On 13 March 2013 Cruise & Maritime voyages announced that \"Marco Polo\" would be terminating one of her northern lights cruises and go into dry dock for inspection and minor repairs","title":"MS Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"12295138","text":"Marco Polo (Bow Wow song) \"Marco Polo\" is a single released by Bow Wow for his album \"New Jack City II\", but ended up not making the album because Bow Wow had a feud with Soulja Boy Tellem, but was available as a Wal-Mart Deluxe Edition bonus track. The song was produced by Soulja Boy Tellem. The album version of the song does not contain any explicit lyrics by Bow Wow. An earlier version leaked onto the internet that had a completely different first verse by Bow Wow that did however contain explicit lyrics. Soulja Boy Tellem's verse on both","title":"Marco Polo (Bow Wow song)"},{"psg_id":"7374858","text":"American hunters paid an average of $20,000 to $25,000 for an expedition to hunt a Marco Polo sheep. A recent study put the cost at $40,000 per permit. In 1976, in Khunzerav, the sheep's population was estimated to be 300. This number declined to a maximum of 160 between 1978 and 1981, and declined again to only 45 in 1991. George Schaller of the Wildlife Conservation Society estimated the worldwide population in 2003 as around 10,000, half what Ronald Petocz estimated in his 1973 tour. Their population density has been recorded as fewer than two animals per . The Marco","title":"Marco Polo sheep"},{"psg_id":"4738917","text":"by Captain Clarke for the fifth voyage to Australia, taking a total of 167 days, round-trip. The fifth voyage transported 520 emigrants to Australia and returned with 125,000 ounces of gold. It has been asserted, \"One in every twenty Australians can trace his or her roots to \"Marco Polo\".\" In total, \"Marco Polo\" made roughly 25 round trip voyages to Australia and averaged between 80 and 90 days each way. The clipper made her final Melbourne to Liverpool voyage in 76 days, beating the passenger steamship by 8 days. In 1867, \"Marco Polo\" failed the passenger survey and was returned","title":"Marco Polo (1851 ship)"},{"psg_id":"4738907","text":"Marco Polo (1851 ship) Marco Polo was a three-masted wooden clipper ship, launched in 1851 at Saint John, New Brunswick. She was named after Venetian traveler Marco Polo. The ship carried emigrants and passengers to Australia and was the first vessel to make the trip in under six months. Later in her career, the ship was used as a cargo ship before being run aground off Cavendish, Prince Edward Island in 1883. The vessel was initially designed as a cargo ship. The ship was of a medium clipper design which had an unusually sharp bow, tall masts and was broad","title":"Marco Polo (1851 ship)"},{"psg_id":"18505962","text":"Italian cruiser Marco Polo Marco Polo was an armored cruiser built for the Royal Italian Navy (\"Regia Marina\") in the 1890s, the first of her type in Italian service. The ship spent the bulk of her career deployed in the Far East. Between deployments she participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12 during which she caused a diplomatic incident with the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After that affair \"Marco Polo\" was sent to Libya where she bombarded the towns of Homs, and Zuara and the defenses of the Dardanelles. In between these operations, the ship provided naval gunfire support to the Royal","title":"Italian cruiser Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"18479527","text":"corruption scandal. Del Nero has not left Brazil since May 2015, not even to follow matches of the Brazil national football team, nor to attend official obligations at FIFA or Conmebol. The appointed reason is the eminence of being arrested, just like his predecessor, because of the FIFA corruption scandal. However, he does not comment on the matter. On April 27th, 2018, FIFA handed a lifetime ban to Marco Polo Del Nero for taking bribes. He was also fined one million francs. Marco Polo Del Nero Marco Polo Del Nero (born 22 February 1941) is a Brazilian lawyer and sports","title":"Marco Polo Del Nero"},{"psg_id":"18305701","text":"B- saying: \"\"Marco Polo\" features a few light twists, making it one of the season’s fleeter installments, and yet somehow there’s still a pervasive feeling of been-here-done-that weighing it down despite its charms.\" Marco Polo (Modern Family) \"Marco Polo\" is the fourth episode of the sixth season of the American sitcom \"Modern Family\", and the series' 124th episode overall. It originally aired on October 15, 2014. The episode was written by Elaine Ko and directed by Fred Savage. The Dunphys have to leave their house for few days while it is being treated for mold. Phil (Ty Burrell) closes the","title":"Marco Polo (Modern Family)"},{"psg_id":"16888915","text":"14 ton containers, compared to 11,000 for \"Emma Mærsk\" and even more for the Triple E Class. CMA CGM Marco Polo CMA CGM Marco Polo is a UK-registered container ship of the owned by the CMA CGM group. On 6 November 2012, it became the largest container ship in the world measured by capacity (16,020 \"TEU\"), but was surpassed on 24 February 2013 by the Maersk Triple E class (18,270 \"TEU\"), which is 4 metres (13.1 ft) longer at precisely 400m in length. It is named for Venetian merchant and traveller Marco Polo. The previous largest was \"Emma Mærsk\" and","title":"CMA CGM Marco Polo"},{"psg_id":"16888914","text":"CMA CGM Marco Polo CMA CGM Marco Polo is a UK-registered container ship of the owned by the CMA CGM group. On 6 November 2012, it became the largest container ship in the world measured by capacity (16,020 \"TEU\"), but was surpassed on 24 February 2013 by the Maersk Triple E class (18,270 \"TEU\"), which is 4 metres (13.1 ft) longer at precisely 400m in length. It is named for Venetian merchant and traveller Marco Polo. The previous largest was \"Emma Mærsk\" and her seven sisters of the (15,500 \"TEU\"). The capacity is 10,000 \"TEU\" if all are fully loaded","title":"CMA CGM Marco Polo"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15832704\",\n \"text\": \"adequate linguistic competence and research methodology ... and her major arguments cannot withstand close scrutiny. Her conclusion fails to consider all the evidence supporting Marco Polo's credibility.\\\" Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 book, by Frances Wood, arguing that Italian explorer Marco Polo never visited China but travelled no further than Persia and that he based his description of China on accounts from Persian travelers. The book notes that Polo failed to mention the Great Wall, the use of chopsticks as eating utensils, tea, foot-binding, Chinese calligraphy or other significant features\",\n \"title\": \"Did Marco Polo Go to China?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15832699\",\n \"text\": \"Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 book, by Frances Wood, arguing that Italian explorer Marco Polo never visited China but travelled no further than Persia and that he based his description of China on accounts from Persian travelers. The book notes that Polo failed to mention the Great Wall, the use of chopsticks as eating utensils, tea, foot-binding, Chinese calligraphy or other significant features and that there are no Chinese records of Polo's presence. Thus it is a typical example of an argument from silence. Some archeologists have pointed to inconsistencies\",\n \"title\": \"Did Marco Polo Go to China?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255820\",\n \"text\": \"on building mangonels during the Siege of Xiangyang, a claim that cannot possibly be true as the siege was over before Polo had arrived in China. The Mongol army that besieged Xiangyang did have foreign military engineers, but they were mentioned in Chinese sources as being from Baghdad and had Arabic names. Stephen G. Haw, however, challenges this idea that Polo exaggerated his own importance, writing that, \\\"contrary to what has often been said...Marco does not claim any very exalted position for himself in the Yuan empire.\\\" He points out that Marco never claimed to be a minister of high\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255832\",\n \"text\": \"appears) to have been partially based on the one brought from Cathay by Marco Polo: Though Marco Polo never produced a map that illustrated his journey, his family drew several maps to the Far East based on the wayward's accounts. These collection of maps were signed by Polo's three daughters: Fantina, Bellela and Moreta. Not only did it contain maps of his journey, but also sea routes to Japan, Siberia's Kamchatka Peninsula, the Bering Strait and even to the coastlines of Alaska, centuries before the rediscovery of the Americas by Europeans. The Marco Polo sheep, a subspecies of \\\"Ovis ammon\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7374853\",\n \"text\": \"if they come into contact with Marco Polo sheep. However, the shepherds in the area do not generally have access to veterinary care for their animals, and it is possible that these could transmit diseases to the wild sheep. Most Marco Polo sheep live in the Pamir Mountains region adjacent to the borders of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and China. Their elevation ranges from above sea level. The subspecies lives mainly in the northwestern part of the Hunza district of Pakistan along the Chinese border, inhabiting the Kilik Mintaka border and the northwestern area of Khunjerab National Park. Marco Polo\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo sheep\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255826\",\n \"text\": \"noted that the only Persian source that mentions the princess was not completed until 1310–11, therefore Marco Polo could not have learned the information from any Persian book. According to de Rachewiltz, the concordance of Polo's detailed account of the princess with other independent sources that gave only incomplete information is proof of the veracity of Polo's story and his presence in China. Morgan writes that since much of what \\\"The Book of Marvels\\\" has to say about China is \\\"demonstrably correct\\\" that to claim that Polo did not go to China \\\"creates far more problems than it solves\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15832701\",\n \"text\": \"claims that the \\\"History of Yuan\\\" mentions Giovanni de Marignolli by name even though it mentions only the tributary gift that he brought to the Yuan court, a large impressive war horse given by the \\\"Franks\\\" (\\\"Fulang\\\") of Europe. The historian David Morgan also points out basic errors made such as confusing the Liao dynasty with the Jin dynasty, and he found no compelling evidence in the book that would convince him that Marco Polo did not go to China. Haw also argues in his book \\\"Marco Polo's China\\\" that Marco's account is much more correct and accurate than has\",\n \"title\": \"Did Marco Polo Go to China?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13251031\",\n \"text\": \"mainland China (Marco Polo Parkside Beijing, Marco Polo Wuhan, Marco Polo Xiamen, Marco Polo Jinjiang, Marco Polo Shenzhen, Marco Polo Lingnan Tiandi, Foshan and Marco Polo Changzhou) and the Philippines (Marco Polo Plaza Cebu, Marco Polo Davao and the Marco Polo Ortigas Manila). Niccolo by Marco Polo was recently added to the group’s portfolio as the new luxury collection. Its first hotel opened in Chengdu in April 2015 and is located within International Finance Square (IFS) in the centre of the city. The company plans to open one new Marco Polo hotel and three new Niccolo hotels to bring the\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Hotels\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11627529\",\n \"text\": \"to a partnership between the teams, resulting in the 2007 Discovery Channel Marco Polo team. In 2008, Trek became the sponsor and the name became Trek-Marco Polo. The team has a house in the Netherlands for riders. After a ten-year run the team did not have a sponsor for 2013 season. As of 23 February 2012. Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie (UCI Code: MPC) was a UCI Continental cycling team, registered in Ethiopia. The team is named after traveller Marco Polo, and has title sponsorship from Belgian coffee company Donckers Koffie. The idea of the team came\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9128663\",\n \"text\": \"version of \\\"Blind Man's Bluff\\\": Get into the swim, The place to begin, At Marco Polo Park. There's things to do For me and you At Marco Polo Park. It's fun for you and me, And it's made for you and me. It's Marco Polo, Marco Polo, Marco Polo Park. So, get into the swim, The place to begin, At Marco Polo, Marco Polo, Marco Polo Park. Marco Polo Park Marco Polo Park (AKA Passport to Fun World) was a theme park located just west of Interstate 95 between Jacksonville and Daytona Beach near Bunnell, at Exit 278 in Flagler\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255813\",\n \"text\": \"details in his description of southern Chinese cities compared to northern ones, while Herbert Franke also raised the possibility that Marco Polo might not have been to China at all, and wondered if he might have based his accounts on Persian sources due to his use of Persian expressions. This is taken further by Dr. Frances Wood who claimed in her 1995 book \\\"Did Marco Polo Go to China?\\\" that at best Polo never went farther east than Persia (modern Iran), and that there is nothing in \\\"The Book of Marvels\\\" about China that could not be obtained via reading\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3858144\",\n \"text\": \"Polo\\\" replaced MS \\\"Arielle\\\" in Transocean Tours fleet, operating cruises out of the United Kingdom as well as Germany. The sale of the \\\"Marco Polo\\\" also meant the end of the Orient Lines brand. Transocean Tours said that they planned to operate the ship until 2012 at least. On 6 July 2009 \\\"Marco Polo\\\" called at Invergordon, Easter Ross, Scotland on a cruise outbound from Tilbury in Essex. During a health inspection by the local port health officials up to 150 passengers were discovered to have been infected with what was presumed to be norovirus; the number of infected passengers\",\n \"title\": \"MS Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7158384\",\n \"text\": \"0.24, compared to the Medusa's 0.26. The Marco Polo, while a four-seater, has only two doors of the gullwing style, like the ones used on the Marzal, which can be opened from either the front or back seats. Lamborghini Marco Polo The Lamborghini Marco Polo, or ItalDesign Marco Polo, was a styling exercise by Italdesign Giugiaro. Introduced in 1982 at the Bologna Motor Show, the Marco Polo was inspired by the Lancia Medusa concept car designed by Italdesign two years prior. The design was originally intended for an upcoming DeLorean DMC-24 sedan, but DMC ran out of money before the\",\n \"title\": \"Lamborghini Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7158382\",\n \"text\": \"Lamborghini Marco Polo The Lamborghini Marco Polo, or ItalDesign Marco Polo, was a styling exercise by Italdesign Giugiaro. Introduced in 1982 at the Bologna Motor Show, the Marco Polo was inspired by the Lancia Medusa concept car designed by Italdesign two years prior. The design was originally intended for an upcoming DeLorean DMC-24 sedan, but DMC ran out of money before the concept was finished. Italdesign then recycled the design into a concept for Lamborghini. The wheels on the Marco Polo are standard DeLorean alloys covered by hubcaps. The Marco Polo is not a running prototype, rather the design is\",\n \"title\": \"Lamborghini Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13251030\",\n \"text\": \"and the Hong Kong hotel division was again rebranded, the Marco Polo Hotels Group. Later, the Marco Polo Hotel was renamed the Gateway Hotel and the Hong Kong Hotel became the Marco Polo Hong Kong Hotel. In 2013, through another subsidiary, Wharf won a tender to lease and convert the HKSAR Government's Murray Building in Central, Hong Kong Island, to a 336-room hotel and subsequently announced that it would open in October 2017, be branded \\\"The Murray\\\" and managed by Marco Polo Hotels. Current locations of Marco Polo hotels are in Hong Kong (Marco Polo Hong Kong, Gateway and Prince),\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Hotels\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8959569\",\n \"text\": \"meeting after a meeting of the most prominent leaders, Marco Polo is asked \\\"what would you do if you were the great khan?\\\". Mercy is the answer to the rebellious Nayan. However, Kublai Khan declares mercy to be inconsistent to the khans. He leads an army to crush the army, but finds none as Nayan has dispersed the troops to avoid much bloodshed. Years pass and Marco Polo decides to leave. Kublai Khan is disappointed and reluctantly sees him off in one final ride. Two years later in 1294, the great khan dies, never having seen Marco again. Back in\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2899813\",\n \"text\": \"to a Dictionary of American Regional English survey, when asked to name a game played in the water, responded with \\\"Marco Polo.\\\" Although water polo was another popular pool game at the time, the name of the game 'Marco Polo' is apparently unrelated. In modern times, Marco Polo has been played worldwide. Various regions have their own versions of the game, with names such as Mermaid on the Rocks and Alligator. The term \\\"marco polo game\\\" is sometimes used to describe an online game where a similar call-and-response system of gameplay is adopted. Marco Polo is an \\\"easily modifiable game\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7374847\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo sheep The Marco Polo sheep (\\\"Ovis ammon polii\\\") is a subspecies of argali sheep, named after Marco Polo. Their habitat is the mountainous regions of Central Asia. Marco Polo sheep are distinguishable mostly by their large size and spiraling horns. Their conservation status is \\\"near threatened\\\" and efforts have been made to protect their numbers and keep them from commercial hunting. It has also been suggested that crossing them with domestic sheep could have agricultural benefits. The binomial name of the species as a whole is \\\"Ovis ammon\\\", described by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758, and all\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo sheep\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15140040\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo Cycling Club The Marco Polo Cycling Club was founded in December 2000 by Nathan Dahlberg, Anno Pedersen, Gudo Kramer and Remko Kramer. It was named after the most famous traveller in history, Marco Polo. the Chinese/Japanese characters on the blue team-clothing mean: “Fight with the firm conviction of victory”. The selection of the best Elite-riders joined together in the Marco Polo Cycling Team. In the Marco Polo Cycling Team cyclists from non-traditional cycling countries became a chance to show their talent. Cyclists from more than 20 nationalities have been part of the team. The team won the overall\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Cycling Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8959551\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo. Marco Polo is revealed to be another prisoner, but is accused of lying. The people questioning him are Brother Damien of Milan (Patrick Mower) and Fillipe of Genoa (Tony Lo Bianco), both members of the Order of Saint Dominic. Both are concerned that the tales of Marco Polo are heretical and will corrupt the minds of people, especially children. As Rustichello narrates, the story shifts to Marco Polo in his youth. In his youth, Marco Polo was eager to hear merchants tell stories of their travels. As his mother (Anne Bancroft) lays on her deathbed, Marco's aunt Flora\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13251032\",\n \"text\": \"total number under the Marco Polo portfolio to 18 by 2018. Marco Polo Changsha will open in 2018 while Niccolo Chongqing will open in 1Q 2017, with Niccolo Changsha and Niccolo Suzhou opening in 2018. The company plans to build more Marco Polo hotels in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Makati, Manila, Philippines Marco Polo Hotels Marco Polo Hotels () is a hotel management company based in Hong Kong that operates hotels in Hong Kong, Mainland China and the Philippines. Its hotels in Hong Kong are all located in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon. It is a wholly owned subsidiary\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Hotels\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15832702\",\n \"text\": \"often been supposed and that it is extremely unlikely that he could have obtained all the information in his book from second-hand sources. Haw also criticizes Wood's approach to finding mention of Marco Polo in Chinese texts by contending that contemporaneous Europeans had little regard for using surnames and that a direct Chinese transliteration of the name \\\"Marco\\\" ignores the possibility of him taking on a Chinese or even Mongol name with no bearing or similarity with his Latin name. Reviewing Haw's book, Peter Jackson (author of \\\"The Mongols and the West\\\") has said that Haw \\\"must surely now have\",\n \"title\": \"Did Marco Polo Go to China?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255817\",\n \"text\": \"widespread or was not practiced in an extreme form at that time. Marco Polo himself noted (in the Toledo manuscript) the dainty walk of Chinese women who took very short steps. It has also been noted by other scholars that many of the things not mentioned by Marco Polo such as tea and chopsticks were not mentioned by other travelers as well. Haw also pointed out that despite the few omissions, Marco Polo's account is more extensive, more accurate and more detailed than those of other foreign travelers to China in this period. Marco Polo even observed Chinese nautical inventions\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255793\",\n \"text\": \"certain Marco Polo, who in 1300 was mentioned with riots against the aristocratic government, and escaped the death penalty, as well as riots from 1310 led by Bajamonte Tiepolo (by mother side grandson of Trogir count Stjepko Šubić) and Marco Querini, among whose rebels were Jacobello and Francesco Polo from another family branch, is unclear. Polo is clearly mentioned again after 1305 in Maffeo's testament from 1309–1310, in a 1319 document according to which he became owner of some estates of his deceased father, and in 1321, when he bought part of the family property of his wife Donata. In\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17014324\",\n \"text\": \"more musicians. All tracks produced by Ensemble Renaissance The following people contributed to \\\"Marco Polo - The Journey\\\" Marco Polo – The Journey Marco Polo – The Journey is album by Ensemble Renaissance, released in 1992 on the Artelier Music label in Germany. It is Renaissance's 11th album. Theme of the album is early music from the time of the travels of Marco Polo. It is one of the Renaissance's more eclectic works, covering not only the instrumental istanpittas of the Italian Trecento and earlier Franciscan laudas, but also Byzantine chant, girl songs from Cyprus preserved in the Manuscript 1203\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo – The Journey\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18553900\",\n \"text\": \"Polo\\\" begins by discussing how in the 13th century A.D., a book was written \\\"that would change the course of history\\\"—the author was Marco Polo, who wrote about his travels in China, Persia, Tatarstan and India. Denis Belliveau and Francis O'Donnell, of Queens, New York, sought to retrace the entire 25,000 mile route of Marco Polo, eschewing aircraft and \\\"going only by land or sea\\\", even making a pact to return either “dead or successful”. Their main goal was to prove the validity of Marco Polo’s account by capturing images of what Polo described in his \\\"Book of the Marvels\",\n \"title\": \"In the Footsteps of Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8959558\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo. Marco Polo arrives in the city of Shangdu in 1275. They are granted a meeting with Kublai Khan (Ying Ruocheng), who greets them generously. His wife is very accommodating and hosts a feast in the Polos' honour. That night in Shangdu, Marco Polo family is treated by Kublai Khan to a dinner and feast plus live entertainment for the night. The next morning, Kublai Khan and his son Chikin invite Marco Polo to a private meeting on the water front in a lake. He converses with the khan, discussing a lot of things. One of the things he\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7791738\",\n \"text\": \"was highly praised by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo during his visit to China in the 13th century (leading the bridge to become known in Europe simply as the \\\"Marco Polo Bridge\\\"), and for the 20th century Marco Polo Bridge Incident, which marked the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). Following the Communist takeover of China in 1949, the bridge was decked in asphalt and carried motor vehicular traffic. To alleviate traffic on the bridge, the New Marco Polo Bridge () located about 1 km to the south was completed in 1971. Later, due to the cultural and historical\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7374864\",\n \"text\": \"for the flocks. This sheep may be crossed with domestic sheep to provide larger cuts of leaner meat. Additionally, as the meat of Marco Polo sheep is said to lack the muttony flavor of domestic sheep meat, researchers for the United States National Research Council Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation concluded that the meat of a cross may prove popular with consumers. However, Marco Polo sheep could be bred for more than just meat: their horns could be valuable, as could their hides or their wool. Marco Polo sheep The Marco Polo sheep (\\\"Ovis ammon polii\\\") is a subspecies of\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo sheep\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2899815\",\n \"text\": \"to see others). According to the Nevada Regional Medical Center, \\\"Marco Polo is not only fun, it can be a good workout. It also puts less stress on your bones and joints because the water makes your body float.\\\" Marco Polo (game) The sport Marco Polo is an American form of tag played in a swimming pool. One player is chosen as \\\"It\\\". This player closes his or her eyes and tries to find and tag the other players without the use of vision. The player who is \\\"It\\\" shouts \\\"Marco\\\" and the other players must respond by shouting \\\"Polo\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15140042\",\n \"text\": \"projects in development countries, the Marco Polo Cycling Club Internet community had grown to 2000 members from 92 countries in 2006. But in that year the Internet community was stopped for various reasons. In 2010 The Marco Polo Cycling Club came back online. After more than 4 years absence of an online home, the Internet cycling club returned with a new website. In 2010 Marco Polo Cycling is also celebrating its 10th anniversary and is making a closer connection between its members and fans and the continental team with Chinese registration, Marco Polo Cycling Team. Also the connection between the\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Cycling Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19674424\",\n \"text\": \"year. Marco Polo Ortigas Manila Marco Polo Ortigas Manila () is a hotel at the Ortigas Center in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. In May 2012, it was reported that First SLP Holdings through its unit, Xin Tian TI Development Corporation has signed an agreement with the Marco Polo Hotels Group to build the Marco Polo Ortigas Manila. The groundbreaking ceremony for the hotel led by Xin Tian TI Development Corporation and Marco Polo Hotels Group was held in December 10, 2010 with the completion target set on the 2nd Quarter of 2014. The construction of the hotel began in October\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Ortigas Manila\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19674421\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo Ortigas Manila Marco Polo Ortigas Manila () is a hotel at the Ortigas Center in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. In May 2012, it was reported that First SLP Holdings through its unit, Xin Tian TI Development Corporation has signed an agreement with the Marco Polo Hotels Group to build the Marco Polo Ortigas Manila. The groundbreaking ceremony for the hotel led by Xin Tian TI Development Corporation and Marco Polo Hotels Group was held in December 10, 2010 with the completion target set on the 2nd Quarter of 2014. The construction of the hotel began in October 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Ortigas Manila\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7791736\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo Bridge The Marco Polo Bridge or Lugou Bridge is a stone bridge located 15 km southwest of Beijing city center in the Fengtai District. It bridges the Yongding River, a major tributary of Hai River. Situated at the eastern end of the bridge is the Wanping Fortress, a historic 17th-century fortress, with the Museum of the War of Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression inside. In recent years, the water of Yongding River has been diverted to different areas of Beijing so often there is no water under the bridge. The name \\\"Marco Polo Bridge\\\" derives from its\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4197762\",\n \"text\": \"but appear as little more than curved ridges. The interior has little detail of interest apart from a tiny craterlet along the southwest inner wall. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Marco Polo. Marco Polo (crater) Marco Polo is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged foothills to the south of the Montes Apenninus mountain range. It lies just 20 kilometers to the west of the Mare Vaporum, but is otherwise located in an undistinguished region of terrain with\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (crater)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3858132\",\n \"text\": \"MS Marco Polo MS \\\"Marco Polo is a cruise ship owned by the Global Maritime Group under charter to UK-based Cruise & Maritime Voyages, having been previously operated by Transocean Tours, Germany. She was built as an ocean liner in 1965 by Mathias-Thesen Werft, East Germany as Aleksandr Pushkin\\\" for the Soviet Union's Baltic Shipping Company. After major alterations and additions, the ship sailed as \\\"Marco Polo\\\" for Orient Lines from 1993 to 2008. The \\\"Aleksandr Pushkin\\\" was constructed at VEB Mathias-Thesen Werft in Wismar, East Germany. She was the second ship of the (also referred to as \\\"poet\\\" or\",\n \"title\": \"MS Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2899810\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo (game) The sport Marco Polo is an American form of tag played in a swimming pool. One player is chosen as \\\"It\\\". This player closes his or her eyes and tries to find and tag the other players without the use of vision. The player who is \\\"It\\\" shouts \\\"Marco\\\" and the other players must respond by shouting \\\"Polo\\\", which \\\"It\\\" uses to try to find them. If a player is tagged, then that player becomes \\\"It.\\\" The game can also be played on land, with slightly modified rules, or played with the addition of rules from Fish\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13750037\",\n \"text\": \"a chorus of 20 and a large orchestra of both modern and medieval European instruments as well as instruments from the cultures that Marco Polo passed through on his journey, including sitar, pipa, sheng, tabla and Tibetan horns and bells. \\\"Marco Polo\\\" won the 1998 Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition. \\\"Marco Polo\\\" began as a commission by the Edinburgh International Festival in the late 1980s. However, it was not completed until 1995 and received its first performance at the Munich Biennale on 7 May 1996 directed by Martha Clarke. Its US premiere followed on 8 November 1997 at the New\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12877227\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo (spacecraft) Marco Polo was a proposed space mission concept studied between 2005 and 2015 that would return a sample of material to Earth from the surface of a Near Earth asteroid (NEA) for detailed study in laboratories. It was first proposed to the European Space Agency in collaboration with the Japan aerospace exploration agency JAXA. The concept was rejected four times between 2007 and 2015 for the Cosmic Vision programme \\\"M\\\" medium-class missions. Marco Polo was a mission concept aimed at visiting a small asteroid and returning a sample to Earth for analysis in laboratory. The concept was\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16597356\",\n \"text\": \"HBO fantasy epic, but in truth, \\\"Marco\\\" is far closer to one of those cheesy international syndicated adventures.\\\" In 2015, the President of Mongolia Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj presented John Fusco and the \\\"Marco Polo\\\" creative team with an award, honoring their positive portrayal and global presentation of Mongolian subject matter. Fusco, himself, has described the series as historical fiction, based on the accounts of the Venetian traveler Marco Polo. Marco Polo (TV series) Marco Polo is an American drama web television series inspired by Marco Polo's early years in the court of Kublai Khan, the Khagan of the Mongol Empire and\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17014319\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo – The Journey Marco Polo – The Journey is album by Ensemble Renaissance, released in 1992 on the Artelier Music label in Germany. It is Renaissance's 11th album. Theme of the album is early music from the time of the travels of Marco Polo. It is one of the Renaissance's more eclectic works, covering not only the instrumental istanpittas of the Italian Trecento and earlier Franciscan laudas, but also Byzantine chant, girl songs from Cyprus preserved in the Manuscript 1203 kept in Iviron monastery, Persian and Arabic dances, traditional Music of Mongolia and Ancient Chinese ceremonial music. \\\"Marco\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo – The Journey\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255822\",\n \"text\": \"for someone else, yet all the manuscripts concur that he worked as an esteemed emissary for the khan. Haw also objected to the approach to finding mention of Marco Polo in Chinese texts, contending that contemporaneous Europeans had little regard for using surnames, and a direct Chinese transcription of the name \\\"Marco\\\" ignores the possibility of him taking on a Chinese or even Mongol name that had no bearing or similarity with his Latin name. A number of errors in Marco Polo's account have been noted: for example, he described the bridge later known as Marco Polo Bridge as having\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9128655\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo Park Marco Polo Park (AKA Passport to Fun World) was a theme park located just west of Interstate 95 between Jacksonville and Daytona Beach near Bunnell, at Exit 278 in Flagler County, Florida on the site of the current Plantation Bay Golf and County Club community. The park's theme was based on Marco Polo's legendary travels through Europe and the Far East. The brochure provided at the park's entrance gave this description: \\\"Like Marco Polo himself, you will be wonderstruck at the authentic Oriental splendor of your personal voyage of discovery as you journey into the exotic four\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8959564\",\n \"text\": \"the treasury. Marco is to go out and consort to the person named Talib, who is to be trusted. And no one else. The next day, Kublai spends time with the Chikin. Chinkin is to be married and is not welcome to the people who despise Marco Polo. As he bids him farewell, the son leaves. That afternoon, Marco Polo leaves for Yanzhou. As Marco Polo comes at a river, an assassin fails, having been killed by Jacopo (F. Murray Abraham). Back in 1299 in Genoa, Rustichello da Pisa, is to be summoned to answer for his words. The brothers\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8959549\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries) Marco Polo is a 1982 American-Italian television miniseries originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and by RAI in Italy. It stars Kenneth Marshall as Marco Polo, the 13th-century Venetian merchant and explorer. The series also features appearances by Denholm Elliott, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Burt Lancaster, Ian McShane, Leonard Nimoy, and others. It was originally broadcast in four episodes, where episodes 1 and 4 were twice as long as episodes 2 and 3. The series is sometimes divided into six equally long episodes. Set in the 13th century, the series follows the adventures of Marco\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7374848\",\n \"text\": \"members of the species are commonly called \\\"argali\\\". The Marco Polo subspecies \\\"Ovis ammon polii\\\" was first described scientifically by zoologist Edward Blyth in 1841. These sheep are also commonly called \\\"Marco Polo's Argali\\\" or the \\\"Pamir Argali.\\\". The sheep are named after the 13th century explorer Marco Polo because they were described in \\\"The Travels of Marco Polo\\\". The 1914 \\\"Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan: Badakhshan\\\" notes that in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan the sheep are known locally as \\\"nakhjipar\\\". They are called \\\"ra-ma-poy\\\" in Wakhi, the language of natives of the Khunzerav region round the high Khunjerab Pass\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo sheep\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8959563\",\n \"text\": \"forgo invasion of Japan, since the other leaders did not dare to stand up to Kublai due to his fearsome temper. Marco polo's father and uncle comes back home. After the meeting, Ahmad Fanakati, the master of the financial system in the empire, is granted an audience with the Polo family. He tells Marco of two things to learn. One, Marco is to not trust anyone, especially people who seem friendly. Second, he reveals that he is the master at the financial system of the Empire and want to send Marco to the region of Yanzhou help collect taxes to\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4738924\",\n \"text\": \"is displayed at the Yarmouth County Museum & Archives in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. The original half-model of \\\"Marco Polo\\\" now lies in the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia. A replica, named \\\"Marco Polo II\\\", was constructed in Saint John over 30 years at the cost of over $50,000. The replica was located within the Port of Saint John in 2015. The replica was built by its creator, Barry Ogden, out of civic pride. Marco Polo (1851 ship) Marco Polo was a three-masted wooden clipper ship, launched in 1851 at Saint John, New Brunswick. She was named after Venetian traveler\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (1851 ship)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19674423\",\n \"text\": \"Lung Hin, a Cantonese restaurant, Café Pronto, a coffee venue and VU's, a sky bar and lounged at the 45th floor of the hotel. Marco Polo Ortigas Manila is dubbed as the first \\\"sky hotel\\\" meaning the hotel's rooms and amenities are situated on the top 20 floors of the hotel building. In 2016, the management of Marco Polo Ortigas Hotel was conferred with the 2015 Spirit of Marco Polo Best Guest Experience Award besting other hotels managed by the Marco Polo Hotels Group. The hotel was also given a 5-star award by the Department of Tourism on the same\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Ortigas Manila\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048365\",\n \"text\": \"Lucarotti, an old colleague from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, to the production team during the show's early development. Story editor David Whitaker contacted Lucarotti to write for the programme; Lucarotti, who had recently worked on the 18-part radio serial \\\"The Three Journeys of Marco Polo\\\" (1955), was commissioned on 9 July 1963 to write a seven-part serial about Italian merchant and explorer Marco Polo, titled \\\"Dr Who and a Journey to Cathay\\\". While developing the storyline, Lucarotti struggled with the fourth episode, and used anecdotal material from Polo's memoirs, \\\"The Travels of Marco Polo\\\", to pad out the plot. The\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (Doctor Who)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18305700\",\n \"text\": \"to make her ex to get jealous and that should make him feel important because it means he is at the same level as the other guy. In its original American broadcast, \\\"Marco Polo\\\" was watched by 9.71; down by 0.59 from the previous episode. \\\"Marco Polo\\\" received mixed reviews. Leigh Raines of \\\"TV Fanatic\\\" rated the episode with 4/5. \\\"On \\\"Marco Polo\\\", things got very \\\"National Lampoon's\\\" when the Dunphys were forced to stay at a motel in one room, while their house was cleared of mold.\\\" Joshua Alston from \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" gave the episode a grade of\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (Modern Family)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255786\",\n \"text\": \"historical sources considered them to be of Dalmatian origin. The lack of evidence makes the Korčula theory (probably under Ramusio influence) as a specific birthplace strongly disputed, and even some Croatian scholars consider it justly invented. In 1168, his great-uncle, Marco Polo, borrowed money and commanded a ship in Constantinople. His grandfather, Andrea Polo of the parish of San Felice, had three sons, Maffeo, yet another Marco, and the traveller's father Niccolò. This genealogy, described by Ramusio, is not universally accepted as there is no additional evidence to support it. His father, Niccolò Polo, a merchant, traded with the Near\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8959560\",\n \"text\": \"son suffers from the falling sickness (most likely epilepsy) and is brought back to Kublai. Marco Polo is appointed at a position in the court of the Kublai Khan. Due to his rise of the power in the court, he is gaining new enemies: the priests led by Saiamon who believe that the Kublai is coming under bad influence from foreigner influence (Marco Polo). As Chinkin and Marco arrive at the Great Wall, he learns the Great Wall is constructed by people commanded by the emperor. He is also told of the story of Meng Jiangnu, who cries of grief\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10658295\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo (producer) Marco Bruno, better known as Marco Polo, is a Canadian hip hop producer. Born in Toronto on December 26, 1979, he moved to New York City in the early 2000s to pursue a career in hip hop production, and has since become one of the most sought-after underground producers on the US East Coast. He has Italian origins; In fact, his parents emigrated respectively from Naples and from Calabria. When he came to New York City, Bruno worked as a sound engineer in several recording studios. As a result, he met up with legendary Brooklyn MC Masta\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (producer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4738913\",\n \"text\": \"by James Smith. \\\"Marco Polo\\\" did not sell and the clipper was sent in ballast to Mobile, Alabama to pick up a cargo of cotton. The clipper made a second voyage to Liverpool, this time under the command of Amor Crosby. In February 1852, James Smith transferred all his shares in the clipper to his son, James Thomas Smith who then sold the vessel to Paddy McGee. McGee then flipped \\\"Marco Polo\\\" for profit to James Baines of James Baines & Co.. In 1852, the ship was purchased by James Baines for the Black Ball Line and converted for passenger\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (1851 ship)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18505969\",\n \"text\": \"in March 1904 and did not leave China until 14 January 1907. En route home the ship visited Zanzibar, Mogadishu, Italian Somaliland, and Massawa, Eritrea before arriving at Taranto on 26 April. \\\"Marco Polo\\\" was rearmed in 1911 and her armament was reduced to six 152 mm, four 120 mm, six 57 mm, and two 37 mm guns. One torpedo tube was also removed during this refit. When the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12 began on 29 September 1911, \\\"Marco Polo\\\" was assigned to the 2nd Division of the 1st Squadron of the Mediterranean Fleet. She was quickly transferred, however, to\",\n \"title\": \"Italian cruiser Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20253059\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo condo fire The Marco Polo condo fire was a high-rise fire that occurred at 2:17pm on July 14, 2017 in the 36-story Marco Polo condominum building at 2333 Kapiolani Boulevard in the McCully-Mōʻiliʻili neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii. 4 people were killed, and 13 others (including 1 firefighter) were injured. Over 200 units were damaged or destroyed giving the destruction of the building at more than $100 million. Additionally, concern about the abatement of asbestos, which was built into the Marco Polo structure, is under investigation by the state of Hawai'i's Department of Health and Department of Labor’s workplace\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo condo fire\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15140043\",\n \"text\": \"club members and the foundation Bike4All by Marco Polo Cycling that is working on development aid projects in and through cycling (now active in Ethiopia) is re-established, with a contribution to Bike4All for every item of team gear sold. Marco Polo Cycling Club The Marco Polo Cycling Club was founded in December 2000 by Nathan Dahlberg, Anno Pedersen, Gudo Kramer and Remko Kramer. It was named after the most famous traveller in history, Marco Polo. the Chinese/Japanese characters on the blue team-clothing mean: “Fight with the firm conviction of victory”. The selection of the best Elite-riders joined together in the\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Cycling Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8959571\",\n \"text\": \"the 1982 Emmy in Outstanding Costume Design for a Regular or Limited Series. Vincenzo Labella as a producer, won the 1982 Emmy in Outstanding Limited Series. The miniseries also received 7 nominations in 1982. Marco Polo (miniseries) Marco Polo is a 1982 American-Italian television miniseries originally broadcast by NBC in the United States and by RAI in Italy. It stars Kenneth Marshall as Marco Polo, the 13th-century Venetian merchant and explorer. The series also features appearances by Denholm Elliott, Anne Bancroft, John Gielgud, Burt Lancaster, Ian McShane, Leonard Nimoy, and others. It was originally broadcast in four episodes, where episodes\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7791742\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Morning moon over Lugou\\\" (盧溝曉月 \\\"Lúgōu xiǎoyuè\\\"). For the 800 years since its completion, the bridge has been a well known scenic spot in Beijing. As well as being famed for its aesthetic features, Marco Polo Bridge is also considered to be an architectural masterpiece. It is built of granite, with a large central arch flanked by ten smaller ones. Each of the ten piers is protected by triangular iron pillars that have been installed to prevent damage by flood and ice. Marco Polo Bridge The Marco Polo Bridge or Lugou Bridge is a stone bridge located 15 km southwest\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7791739\",\n \"text\": \"significance of the old bridge, it was decided that the old bridge be preserved, and another new bridge was to be built to take over the vehicular traffic. The new bridge, which carries the Jingshi Expressway, was built next to the New Marco Polo Bridge in 1985. After the completion of the Jingshi Expressway bridge, vehicular traffic was shifted to the two new bridges and the old Marco Polo Bridge was closed to motor vehicles. The asphalt surface of the old bridge was removed during a restoration in 1986. The Marco Polo Bridge is in length and in width, supported\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3858150\",\n \"text\": \"On 1 November 2014, while docking at the port of Leknes in Lofoten, Norway, a strong breeze sent the cruise ship off course, resulting in the ship running aground at coordinates . MS Marco Polo MS \\\"Marco Polo is a cruise ship owned by the Global Maritime Group under charter to UK-based Cruise & Maritime Voyages, having been previously operated by Transocean Tours, Germany. She was built as an ocean liner in 1965 by Mathias-Thesen Werft, East Germany as Aleksandr Pushkin\\\" for the Soviet Union's Baltic Shipping Company. After major alterations and additions, the ship sailed as \\\"Marco Polo\\\" for\",\n \"title\": \"MS Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2899812\",\n \"text\": \"the game of Marco Polo and the explorer of the same name, despite the creative efforts by some people, and it is hard to determine when the first game of Marco Polo was played.\\\" The game has similar traits with blind man's buff (essentially the same game played on dry land) and can be considered an offshoot. Wisegeek notes, \\\"Blind man's buff dates back to at least the 1500s, and it was once a very popular parlor game, especially with ladies.\\\" Marco Polo was known as a water game in America by the 1960s. Between 1965 and 1970, some respondents\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13251029\",\n \"text\": \"managed by The Peninsula Hotels in Hong Kong, a subsidiary of Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels, at one point, but in 1986, Wharf started its own hotel management company under the name Marco Polo International, with the objective to develop further hotels in the region. In 1989, Wharf bought Omni Hotels & Resorts in North America. The Marco Polo hotel division was rebranded as Omni Hotels Asia-Pacific, creating global marketing synergies with the Omni brand, hence its three hotels became the Omni Hong Kong Hotel, Omni Marco Polo Hotel and Omni Prince Hotel. In 1996, Wharf sold Omni Hotels North America\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Hotels\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"255810\",\n \"text\": \"the Yellow River with the Grand Canal and other waterways, and believed that porcelain was made from coal. Modern studies have further shown that details given in Marco Polo's book, such as the currencies used, salt productions and revenues, are accurate and unique. Such detailed descriptions are not found in other non-Chinese sources, and their accuracy is supported by archaeological evidence as well as Chinese records compiled after Polo had left China. His accounts are therefore unlikely to have been obtained second hand. Other accounts have also been verified; for example, when visiting Zhenjiang in Jiangsu, China, Marco Polo noted\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4738914\",\n \"text\": \"service between England and Australia to take advantage of the growing emigrant movement following the Australian gold rush. On \\\"Marco Polo\\\"s first voyage to Australia, the clipper carried over 900 people. Of them, 138 were Cabin or Intermediate class and 750 steerage and 60 crew. Of them 327 were children and 661 were Highland Scots. At the time of the clipper's departure, \\\"Marco Polo\\\" was the largest ship to travel to Australia. \\\"Marco Polo\\\" sailed from Liverpool under the command of James Forbes on July 4, 1852 and arrived at Port Phillip, Australia in 68 days, on September 18. After\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (1851 ship)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4738908\",\n \"text\": \"amidships. The design was considered stable and able to withstand the punishment of the open sea. \\\"Marco Polo\\\" was a long with a beam of and a draught of . The ship had a hold depth of . \\\"Marco Polo\\\" weighed 1,625 tons. The ship was square rigged and fitted with the roller reefing system that allowed the sails to be reefed from the deck rather than have the crew go up into the sails. The vessel had three masts and carried up to of sail. \\\"Marco Polo\\\" was later reduced to barque rig in 1874. The clipper had three\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (1851 ship)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3048361\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo (Doctor Who) Marco Polo is the completely missing fourth serial of the British science fiction television series \\\"Doctor Who\\\". It was first broadcast on BBC TV in seven weekly parts from 22 February to 4 April 1964. It was written by John Lucarotti and directed by Waris Hussein; John Crockett directed the fourth episode. The story is set in China in the year 1289, where the Doctor (William Hartnell), his granddaughter Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford), and her teachers Ian Chesterton (William Russell) and Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) meet the Venetian merchant-explorer Marco Polo (Mark Eden) and Mongolian\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (Doctor Who)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15140041\",\n \"text\": \"victory in more than 10 UCI international stage races and hundreds of top classifications, stages and one-day events. The collective mission of all Marco Polo Cycling projects is to support the development of cycling in ‘non-traditional cycling countries’. The team provides a platform for talented riders, the club brings people from all over the world together and the foundation Bike4All by Marco Polo Cycling is working on development aid projects in and through cycling. The Marco Polo Cycling Club was the first real Internet cycling club worldwide. However the focus was on building the team and improving the cycling aid\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Cycling Club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8959550\",\n \"text\": \"Polo, who departs with his father and his uncle to China. His journey through Asia lasts three and half years and leads him through barren deserts and vast steppes. Marco spends several years in Beijing as a guest of the Great Khan, earning the trust of and respect from the Emperor. Marco Polo (Kenneth Marshall) accompanies a Venetian merchant fleet as it stops for the night. A raid results in Marco being taken prisoner. In the year 1299, in the Italian city of Genoa, Rustichello da Pisa (David Warner) is held in a prison cell and questioned for information about\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10658297\",\n \"text\": \"was released, entitled \\\"Double Barrel\\\". On June 29, 2010, Marco Polo released \\\"The Stupendous Adventures of Marco Polo\\\" on Duck Down Records. The album featured guest raps from an assortment of acts including the Large Professor, Torae, Royce Da 5'9\\\" and others. In October 2012, he released the \\\"For My People EP\\\" with Italian rappers Bassi Maestro and Ghemon. Marco Polo's production revolves around his use of samples, and his style is somewhat comparable to that of Pete Rock and DJ Premier, the latter of which he names as his greatest influence. To give a more authentic effect to his\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (producer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18328160\",\n \"text\": \"In Search of Marco Polo In Search of Marko Polo is a Croatian documentary TV miniseries written and directed by Miro Branković. By filming on the actual locations traversed by Marco Polo, the \\\"In Search of Marco Polo\\\" TV series brings to life the authenticity of the local peoples from the standpoints of ethnology, historiography, culture and economics. It follows the exact route depicted in his book, \\\"Il Milione\\\", documenting the peoples, customs and cultures along the way to bring into sharp relief the cultural differences within the Asian mainland. Viewers are introduced to their development, becoming familiar with three\",\n \"title\": \"In Search of Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16597349\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo (TV series) Marco Polo is an American drama web television series inspired by Marco Polo's early years in the court of Kublai Khan, the Khagan of the Mongol Empire and the founder of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). The show premiered on Netflix on December 12, 2014. The series was written and created by John Fusco and stars Lorenzo Richelmy in the title role with Benedict Wong as Kublai Khan. The series is produced by The Weinstein Company. On January 7, 2015, \\\"Marco Polo\\\" was renewed by Netflix for a 10-episode second season, which premiered on July 1, 2016.\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11627528\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie (UCI Code: MPC) was a UCI Continental cycling team, registered in Ethiopia. The team is named after traveller Marco Polo, and has title sponsorship from Belgian coffee company Donckers Koffie. The idea of the team came in 1998 and in 2001 the team was registered in Hong Kong. In 2003 it became a UCI Continental team and from 2005 the team was registered in China becoming the first professional cycling team from China. Li Fuyu rode with the team for two years from 2005 before joining the Discovery Channel team. This led\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Cycling–Donckers Koffie\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2837554\",\n \"text\": \"information. The Travels of Marco Polo Book of the Marvels of the World (French: \\\"Livre des Merveilles du Monde\\\") or \\\"Description of the World\\\" (\\\"Devisement du Monde\\\"), in Italian \\\"Il Milione\\\" (, deriving from Polo's nickname \\\"Emilione\\\") or \\\"Oriente Poliano\\\" (\\\"Polian East\\\") and in English commonly called \\\"The Travels of Marco Polo\\\", is a 13th-century travelogue written down by Rustichello da Pisa from stories told by Italian explorer Marco Polo, describing Polo's travels through Asia between 1271 and 1295, and his experiences at the court of Kublai Khan. The book was written in Old French by romance writer Rustichello da\",\n \"title\": \"The Travels of Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2837531\",\n \"text\": \"The Travels of Marco Polo Book of the Marvels of the World (French: \\\"Livre des Merveilles du Monde\\\") or \\\"Description of the World\\\" (\\\"Devisement du Monde\\\"), in Italian \\\"Il Milione\\\" (, deriving from Polo's nickname \\\"Emilione\\\") or \\\"Oriente Poliano\\\" (\\\"Polian East\\\") and in English commonly called \\\"The Travels of Marco Polo\\\", is a 13th-century travelogue written down by Rustichello da Pisa from stories told by Italian explorer Marco Polo, describing Polo's travels through Asia between 1271 and 1295, and his experiences at the court of Kublai Khan. The book was written in Old French by romance writer Rustichello da Pisa,\",\n \"title\": \"The Travels of Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3858147\",\n \"text\": \"Tours' intention of keeping the ship in its fleet until 2012, reports emerged in August 2009 that \\\"Marco Polo\\\" would be chartered to the newly founded, UK-based Cruise & Maritime Voyages for five years from 2 January 2010. Her planned itineraries included cruises from the UK to South America during the northern hemisphere winter months, and from the UK to Northern Europe and the Mediterranean during the summer months. On 13 March 2013 Cruise & Maritime voyages announced that \\\"Marco Polo\\\" would be terminating one of her northern lights cruises and go into dry dock for inspection and minor repairs\",\n \"title\": \"MS Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12295138\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo (Bow Wow song) \\\"Marco Polo\\\" is a single released by Bow Wow for his album \\\"New Jack City II\\\", but ended up not making the album because Bow Wow had a feud with Soulja Boy Tellem, but was available as a Wal-Mart Deluxe Edition bonus track. The song was produced by Soulja Boy Tellem. The album version of the song does not contain any explicit lyrics by Bow Wow. An earlier version leaked onto the internet that had a completely different first verse by Bow Wow that did however contain explicit lyrics. Soulja Boy Tellem's verse on both\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (Bow Wow song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7374858\",\n \"text\": \"American hunters paid an average of $20,000 to $25,000 for an expedition to hunt a Marco Polo sheep. A recent study put the cost at $40,000 per permit. In 1976, in Khunzerav, the sheep's population was estimated to be 300. This number declined to a maximum of 160 between 1978 and 1981, and declined again to only 45 in 1991. George Schaller of the Wildlife Conservation Society estimated the worldwide population in 2003 as around 10,000, half what Ronald Petocz estimated in his 1973 tour. Their population density has been recorded as fewer than two animals per . The Marco\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo sheep\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4738917\",\n \"text\": \"by Captain Clarke for the fifth voyage to Australia, taking a total of 167 days, round-trip. The fifth voyage transported 520 emigrants to Australia and returned with 125,000 ounces of gold. It has been asserted, \\\"One in every twenty Australians can trace his or her roots to \\\"Marco Polo\\\".\\\" In total, \\\"Marco Polo\\\" made roughly 25 round trip voyages to Australia and averaged between 80 and 90 days each way. The clipper made her final Melbourne to Liverpool voyage in 76 days, beating the passenger steamship by 8 days. In 1867, \\\"Marco Polo\\\" failed the passenger survey and was returned\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (1851 ship)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4738907\",\n \"text\": \"Marco Polo (1851 ship) Marco Polo was a three-masted wooden clipper ship, launched in 1851 at Saint John, New Brunswick. She was named after Venetian traveler Marco Polo. The ship carried emigrants and passengers to Australia and was the first vessel to make the trip in under six months. Later in her career, the ship was used as a cargo ship before being run aground off Cavendish, Prince Edward Island in 1883. The vessel was initially designed as a cargo ship. The ship was of a medium clipper design which had an unusually sharp bow, tall masts and was broad\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (1851 ship)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18505962\",\n \"text\": \"Italian cruiser Marco Polo Marco Polo was an armored cruiser built for the Royal Italian Navy (\\\"Regia Marina\\\") in the 1890s, the first of her type in Italian service. The ship spent the bulk of her career deployed in the Far East. Between deployments she participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12 during which she caused a diplomatic incident with the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After that affair \\\"Marco Polo\\\" was sent to Libya where she bombarded the towns of Homs, and Zuara and the defenses of the Dardanelles. In between these operations, the ship provided naval gunfire support to the Royal\",\n \"title\": \"Italian cruiser Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18479527\",\n \"text\": \"corruption scandal. Del Nero has not left Brazil since May 2015, not even to follow matches of the Brazil national football team, nor to attend official obligations at FIFA or Conmebol. The appointed reason is the eminence of being arrested, just like his predecessor, because of the FIFA corruption scandal. However, he does not comment on the matter. On April 27th, 2018, FIFA handed a lifetime ban to Marco Polo Del Nero for taking bribes. He was also fined one million francs. Marco Polo Del Nero Marco Polo Del Nero (born 22 February 1941) is a Brazilian lawyer and sports\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo Del Nero\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18305701\",\n \"text\": \"B- saying: \\\"\\\"Marco Polo\\\" features a few light twists, making it one of the season’s fleeter installments, and yet somehow there’s still a pervasive feeling of been-here-done-that weighing it down despite its charms.\\\" Marco Polo (Modern Family) \\\"Marco Polo\\\" is the fourth episode of the sixth season of the American sitcom \\\"Modern Family\\\", and the series' 124th episode overall. It originally aired on October 15, 2014. The episode was written by Elaine Ko and directed by Fred Savage. The Dunphys have to leave their house for few days while it is being treated for mold. Phil (Ty Burrell) closes the\",\n \"title\": \"Marco Polo (Modern Family)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16888915\",\n \"text\": \"14 ton containers, compared to 11,000 for \\\"Emma Mærsk\\\" and even more for the Triple E Class. CMA CGM Marco Polo CMA CGM Marco Polo is a UK-registered container ship of the owned by the CMA CGM group. On 6 November 2012, it became the largest container ship in the world measured by capacity (16,020 \\\"TEU\\\"), but was surpassed on 24 February 2013 by the Maersk Triple E class (18,270 \\\"TEU\\\"), which is 4 metres (13.1 ft) longer at precisely 400m in length. It is named for Venetian merchant and traveller Marco Polo. The previous largest was \\\"Emma Mærsk\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"CMA CGM Marco Polo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16888914\",\n \"text\": \"CMA CGM Marco Polo CMA CGM Marco Polo is a UK-registered container ship of the owned by the CMA CGM group. On 6 November 2012, it became the largest container ship in the world measured by capacity (16,020 \\\"TEU\\\"), but was surpassed on 24 February 2013 by the Maersk Triple E class (18,270 \\\"TEU\\\"), which is 4 metres (13.1 ft) longer at precisely 400m in length. It is named for Venetian merchant and traveller Marco Polo. The previous largest was \\\"Emma Mærsk\\\" and her seven sisters of the (15,500 \\\"TEU\\\"). The capacity is 10,000 \\\"TEU\\\" if all are fully loaded\",\n \"title\": \"CMA CGM Marco Polo\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["venice"],"string":"[\n \"venice\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2195,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what were hitler's parents names?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2866528","text":"an elderly female relative of Alois Hitler's first wife, Anna, who has also given up any rights to the rented burial plot. The plot was covered in white gravel and a tree which has since been removed. It is not known whether the remains of Adolf Hitler's parents are still interred there. On screen, Alois has been portrayed by: Notes Bibliography Alois Hitler Alois J. Hitler Sr. (born Alois Johann Schicklgruber; 7 June 1837 – 3 January 1903) was an Austrian civil servant and the father of German dictator and leader of the Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler. Alois Hitler was","title":"Alois Hitler"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2866528\",\n \"text\": \"an elderly female relative of Alois Hitler's first wife, Anna, who has also given up any rights to the rented burial plot. The plot was covered in white gravel and a tree which has since been removed. It is not known whether the remains of Adolf Hitler's parents are still interred there. On screen, Alois has been portrayed by: Notes Bibliography Alois Hitler Alois J. Hitler Sr. (born Alois Johann Schicklgruber; 7 June 1837 – 3 January 1903) was an Austrian civil servant and the father of German dictator and leader of the Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler. Alois Hitler was\",\n \"title\": \"Alois Hitler\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1619823","text":"1939 with the \"Jugenddienstpflicht\" (Youth Service Duty), which conscripted all German youths into the Hitler Youth—even if the parents objected. Parents who refused to allow their children to join were subject to an investigation by the authorities. From then on, the vast majority of Germany's teenagers belonged to the Hitler Youth. By 1940, it had eight million members. Students who did not join were frequently assigned essays with titles such as \"Why am I not in the Hitler Youth?\" They were also the subject of frequent taunts from teachers and fellow students, and could even be refused their diploma—which made","title":"Hitler Youth"},{"psg_id":"3845296","text":"business sought to attract attention by using the Hitler theme, and was decorated with Nazi imagery. Actor Murli Sharma attended the opening party; when asked what he thought about the name, he said \"I am not really agitated as I have not read much about the man. However, from what I know about Hitler, I find this name rather amusing.\" Alternative names suggested included Stalin Samosa Shop, Ayatollah Khomeini's Falafels, and Kim Jong's Juicy Juice. Adolf Hitler in popular culture Adolf Hitler (born April 20th 1889 died April 30th 1945) was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party","title":"Adolf Hitler in popular culture"},{"psg_id":"14748643","text":"acknowledged so far, and we have to first learn to understand what that means.” Hant has repeatedly accused the German media of “hypocrisy with regard to Hitler” and rejects a publication of Young Hitler in Germany. Consequently, the publication of Young Hitler in England was mostly ignored by the German press. Only \"Der Spiegel\" reviewed the book, treating Young Hitler merely as a piece of literature. Critics who were concerned with the book’s literary value were divided in their opinion. \"Der Spiegel\" reviewer Wolfgang Höbel refers to Young Hitler as “slush”, while British author Anthony Read calls Young Hitler “ingenious","title":"Young Hitler"},{"psg_id":"905978","text":"out three entries from the diaries—from 15, 17 and 18 March—which concerned visits made by Hitler to the regiment while in the Lichterfelde and Friesenstraße barracks. Mohnke informed him that the entries were inaccurate, saying that the Lichterfelde barracks were not occupied by the troops on that date, that the regimental name used in the diary was introduced much later, and that so far as he knew Hitler never visited the Friesenstraße barracks. Heidemann was unmoved by his friend's revelations, and posited that Hitler had probably written what he was planning to do, not what he had done. Harris suggests","title":"Hitler Diaries"},{"psg_id":"905952","text":"manuscripts to one of his regular customers, Fritz Stiefel, a collector of Nazi memorabilia who accepted them and many other Kujau products as genuine. Kujau also began forging a series of war poems by Hitler, which were so amateurish that Kujau later conceded that \"a fourteen-year-old collector would have recognised it as a forgery\". Gerd Heidemann was born in Hamburg in 1931. During the rise of Hitler his parents remained apolitical, but Heidemann, like many other young boys, joined the Hitler Youth. After the war he trained as an electrician, and pursued an interest in photography. He began working in","title":"Hitler Diaries"},{"psg_id":"16116225","text":"Heatseekers Albums, which is a weekly music chart that ranks top-selling albums by new or developing acts, defined as those who have never appeared in the top 100 of the \"Billboard\" 200 or in the top 10 of \"Billboard\"s component charts. The album also reached number 50 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. All songs were written, arranged, and produced by Van Hunt. Credits for \"What Were You Hoping For?\" adapted from Allmusic. What Were You Hoping For? What Were You Hoping For? is the third studio album by American recording artist Van Hunt, released September 27, 2011, on his","title":"What Were You Hoping For?"},{"psg_id":"1619811","text":"were created for varying purposes; some were religious in disposition and others were ideological, but the more important among them were those formed for political reasons, like the \"Young Conservatives\" or the \"Young Protestants\". Once Hitler came onto the revolutionary scene, the transition from seemingly innocuous youth movements to political entities focused on Hitler was swift. Following the abortive Beer Hall Putsch (in November 1923), the Nazi youth groups ostensibly disbanded, but many elements simply went underground, operating clandestinely in small units under assumed names. In April 1924, the \"Jugendbund der NSDAP\" was renamed \"Grossdeutsche Jugendbewegung\" (Greater German Youth Movement).","title":"Hitler Youth"},{"psg_id":"6072367","text":"this crisis, Hitler appointed himself as head of the \"Oberkommando des Heeres\". On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked the American fleet based at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Four days later, Hitler declared war against the United States. On 18 December 1941, Himmler asked Hitler, \"What to do with the Jews of Russia?\", to which Hitler replied, \"\"als Partisanen auszurotten\"\" (\"exterminate them as partisans\"). Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer has commented that the remark is probably as close as historians will ever get to a definitive order from Hitler for the genocide carried out during the Holocaust. In late 1942, German forces were","title":"Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"5718113","text":"expand the official list, the newest edition of which is regularly published. A lot of recent additions are foreign names, which, however, must be spelled following Hungarian phonetics, e.g. \"Jennifer\" becomes \"Dzsenifer\" or \"Joe\" becomes \"Dzsó\". Those who belong to an officially recognized minority in Hungary can also choose names from their own culture, whereby a register of given names maintained by the respective minority governance must be observed. If one or both parents of a child to be named are foreign citizens, the given name(s) may be chosen in accordance with the respective foreign law. Outside Hungary, Hungarian names","title":"Hungarian names"},{"psg_id":"20301169","text":"Go?\", which is also featured on the parent album. A pop song, the track is about the end of a relationship that has soured over time. Critically, the song was well-received with several music critics calling it one of the best tracks on \"Till I Loved You\". On \"Billboard\"s Adult Contemporary chart in the United States, \"What Were We Thinking Of\" peaked at number 32. \"What Were We Thinking Of\" was taken from Streisand's 25th studio album, \"Till I Loved You\" (1988). The song was written by Antonina Armato and Scott Cutler, and among the first ones to be penned","title":"What Were We Thinking Of"},{"psg_id":"905944","text":"survivors died in April 1980, and Bormann had died after leaving the Berlin bunker following Hitler's suicide on 30 April 1945. In the decades following the war, the possibility of a hidden cache of private papers belonging to Hitler became, according to the journalist Robert Harris, a \"tantalizing state of affairs [that] was to provide the perfect scenario for forgery\". Konrad Kujau was born in 1938 in Löbau, near Dresden, in what would become East Germany. His parents, a shoemaker and his wife, had both joined the Nazi Party in 1933. The boy grew up believing in the Nazi ideals","title":"Hitler Diaries"},{"psg_id":"16982920","text":"Bragg while they worked on \"The South Bank Show\", Bragg challenged Russell to create a film which Russell himself would want banned. The result was \"A Kitten for Hitler\". After Russell sent Bragg an initial draft, Bragg responded, \"Ken, if ever you make this film and it is shown, you will be lynched.\" Phil Pritchard portrayed Adolf Hitler. Those auditioning for the part were asked to attend the casting dressed as Hitler, creating a bizarre waiting room scene. Due to the content of the film, Russell couldn't convince any child actor's parents to let their son appear in the film.","title":"A Kitten for Hitler"},{"psg_id":"15106662","text":"was directed by Alastair Reid and starred: The series, which \"The Guardian\" described as \"a rollicking comedy with black edges\", was released on Region 1 DVD in July 2010. Selling Hitler Selling Hitler is a 1991 ITV television drama-documentary mini-series about the Hitler Diaries hoax and was based on Robert Harris's 1986 book \"Selling Hitler: The Story of the Hitler Diaries\". In 1981, Gerd Heidemann (Jonathan Pryce), a war correspondent and reporter with the German magazine \"Stern\", makes what he believes is the literary and historical scoop of the century: the diary of Adolf Hitler. Over the next two years,","title":"Selling Hitler"},{"psg_id":"15106660","text":"Selling Hitler Selling Hitler is a 1991 ITV television drama-documentary mini-series about the Hitler Diaries hoax and was based on Robert Harris's 1986 book \"Selling Hitler: The Story of the Hitler Diaries\". In 1981, Gerd Heidemann (Jonathan Pryce), a war correspondent and reporter with the German magazine \"Stern\", makes what he believes is the literary and historical scoop of the century: the diary of Adolf Hitler. Over the next two years, Heidemann and the senior management figures at \"Stern\" secretly pay DM 9 million to a mysterious \"Dr Fischer\" (Alexei Sayle) for the sixty volumes of 'Hitler's diaries', covering the","title":"Selling Hitler"},{"psg_id":"6072395","text":"which he considered regressive. According to Speer, Hitler believed that Japanese religious beliefs or Islam would have been a more suitable religion for Germans than Christianity, with its \"meekness and flabbiness\". Historian John S. Conway states that Hitler was fundamentally opposed to the Christian churches. According to Bullock, Hitler did not believe in God, was anticlerical, and held Christian ethics in contempt because they contravened his preferred view of \"survival of the fittest\". He favoured aspects of Protestantism that suited his own views, and adopted some elements of the Catholic Church's hierarchical organisation, liturgy, and phraseology. Hitler viewed the church","title":"Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"14748640","text":"man who also had an extensive knowledge of art. Not only did his exceptional memory help Hitler to apply his knowledge in a way that appealed to the dull masses, he also knew how to make an impression on intelligent and highly educated individuals in the top echelon of society. Hant also quotes various sources which document the fact that Hitler believed he had a special connection to the divine. Hitler did not merely pretend to be the “German Messiah”, says Hant. After what Hitler believed was a spiritual experience, he became convinced that he was indeed “the One”. Hant","title":"Young Hitler"},{"psg_id":"3845254","text":"traveler (Katherine Heigl) goes back in time to kill Hitler as an infant while disguising herself as the new housekeeper. She kidnaps the infant Hitler and leaps from a bridge, killing herself and the baby. A horrified housekeeper, who has been following her and had witnessed the murder, does not tell Hitler's parents because of fear of death as punishment, but rather bribes a gypsy to sell her baby. The baby is then returned to the Hitler household where he takes his place to become the Hitler that the world knew. William Saroyan wrote a short story about Hitler in","title":"Adolf Hitler in popular culture"},{"psg_id":"7888604","text":"what they were doing was justified by history, science and nature\". Fest considers that Hitler simplified de Gobineau's elaborate ideas of struggle for survival among the different races, from which the Aryan race, guided by providence, was supposed to be the torchbearers of civilization. In his rhetoric Hitler fed on the old accusation of Jewish deicide. It has been speculated that Christian anti-Judaism influenced Hitler's ideas, especially such works as Martin Luther's essay \"On the Jews and Their Lies\" and the writings of Paul de Lagarde. Others disagree with this view. Hitler biographer John Toland offers the opinion that Hitler","title":"Religious views of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"12660425","text":"people who stole their father's work are after their robot, Newman. Eventually, Matthew returns to the afterlife after setting his boys on the right path as they sell the plans for their robot to a rich Texan investor. The film features the song; 'Love breaks the rules' by Jane Barnett and Larry Hoppen. And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird is a 1991 science-fiction family film written and directed by Tony Cookson; foreign language releases were titled RoboDad. Two boys, Joshua (Joshua John Miller) and Max (Edan Gross) attempt to invent a fully","title":"And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird"},{"psg_id":"12660424","text":"And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird is a 1991 science-fiction family film written and directed by Tony Cookson; foreign language releases were titled RoboDad. Two boys, Joshua (Joshua John Miller) and Max (Edan Gross) attempt to invent a fully mobile robot with advanced artificial intelligence to help their mother, Sarah (Marcia Strassman) with household chores. However, after a playfully performed séance on Halloween, the ghost of their late father, Matthew (Alan Thicke), possesses the robot. The boys are overjoyed at the return of their father, but it soon becomes apparent that the","title":"And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird"},{"psg_id":"18210586","text":"and leadership abilities. In the end, once he finds out about Hitler's evil deeds, he regrets emulating such an evil person. Hitler Umanath Hitler Umanath is a 1982 Indian Tamil film, directed by P. Madhavan and produced by P. V. Thulasiram. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, K. R. Vijaya, Sathyaraj and Suruli Rajan in lead roles. The film had musical score by M. S. Viswanathan. A mild-mannered and timid man causes amusement when he comes to work in a business — because of his resemblance to Adolf Hitler. Soon, however, he finds himself growing into a more forceful and dynamic","title":"Hitler Umanath"},{"psg_id":"18210585","text":"Hitler Umanath Hitler Umanath is a 1982 Indian Tamil film, directed by P. Madhavan and produced by P. V. Thulasiram. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, K. R. Vijaya, Sathyaraj and Suruli Rajan in lead roles. The film had musical score by M. S. Viswanathan. A mild-mannered and timid man causes amusement when he comes to work in a business — because of his resemblance to Adolf Hitler. Soon, however, he finds himself growing into a more forceful and dynamic person, becoming a charismatic leader and a successful businessman as his wife teaches him more and more about Hitler's charismatic personality","title":"Hitler Umanath"},{"psg_id":"1849688","text":"only switched to S-Bahn Wien in 2005. As for Munich, a first breaking ground for an S-train-like rapid transport system running through tunnels in downtown areas, bundling and interconnecting existing suburban and local railways, and the construction of what is now Goetheplatz underground station (line U6) took place in 1938, executed by the Nazi government of Adolf Hitler. Plans and construction work came to a halt early in World War II and were not pursued in its aftermath. The nowadays very extensive S-Bahn-System, and the first two U-Bahn lines, began to operate prior to the 1972 Summer Olympics. The term","title":"S-train"},{"psg_id":"6072358","text":"the Free City of Danzig and the right to extraterritorial roads across the Polish Corridor, which Germany had ceded under the Versailles Treaty. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September, surprising Hitler and prompting him to angrily ask Ribbentrop, \"Now what?\" France and Britain did not act on their declarations immediately, and on 17 September, Soviet forces invaded eastern Poland. The fall of Poland was followed by what contemporary journalists dubbed the \"Phoney War\" or \"Sitzkrieg\" (\"sitting war\"). Hitler instructed the two newly appointed Gauleiters of north-western Poland, Albert Forster of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia and","title":"Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"5718112","text":"given names (religious names not included since they are not official, see above). Given names can be chosen by the parents from an official list of several thousand names (technically, one list for each gender). If the intended name is not on the list, the parents need to apply for approval. Applications are considered by the Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences following a set of principles. Thus, names are approved if they are not derogatory or overly diminutive, can be written and pronounced easily, can be recognised as either male or female, etc. Approved names","title":"Hungarian names"},{"psg_id":"15855192","text":"grateful); Tamayi (move from here). Names are typically given by the parents of the child when it is born. However names may also be given by grandparents and other relatives with the parents' consent. Traditionally when a person that is not a parent names a child, that person would pay a token sum of money or gift that allowed them to give a name to a child which is not their own. Zimbabwean names Zimbabwean names consist of a first or given name followed by a family name or surname. The given names are influenced by the culture of the","title":"Zimbabwean names"},{"psg_id":"14748637","text":"artist on the streets and in the asylums of Vienna, and then joined World War I as a volunteer on the Western Front. When the war ends, Hitler comes into contact with members of the Thule Society in Munich, an association of occultists who had launched a political party, the German Workers Party (DAP).The narration ends in 1920 when Hitler takes over the DAP and turns it into the Nazi Party (NSDAP). In an interview with The Guardian, author Claus Hant explained that the events after 1920 are exhaustively documented in the numerous Hitler biographies. But what the biographies do","title":"Young Hitler"},{"psg_id":"7888584","text":"all character training and religion must be derived from faith.\" However, as Hitler consolidated his power, schools became a major battleground in the Nazi campaign against the churches. In 1937, the Nazis banned any member of the Hitler Youth from simultaneously belonging to a religious youth movement. Religious education was not permitted in the Hitler Youth and by 1939, clergymen teachers had been removed from virtually all state schools. Hitler sometimes allowed pressure to be placed on German parents to remove children from religious classes to be given ideological instruction in its place, while in elite Nazi schools, Christian prayers","title":"Religious views of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"16096722","text":"their spouses and children were also persecuted. Some were banished to a gulag, some children were put in orphanages and in some cases, older children were themselves arrested and charged with anti-revolutionary activity and forming anti-revolutionary groups. International communists living in the Soviet Union were hard hit, especially Germans, who were there in large numbers, fleeing Nazism. While German parents were rounded up, accused of espionage, this charge was not plausible for foreign children who had not been outside the Soviet Union in years. Instead, they were charged with having formed a branch of the Hitler Youth. Investigations regarding NKVD","title":"Hitler Youth conspiracy"},{"psg_id":"17919653","text":"How Hitler Lost the War How Hitler Lost the War is a 1989 World War II documentary created and produced by David Hoffman and Robert Denny, and narrated by Norman Rose. The documentary explores Hitler's upbringing and efforts during World War II and includes footage from this time period. It also contains interviews and statements from military historians and veterans, and looks into what mistakes Hitler made during the war and what he could have potentially done differently in order to win. Critical reception for \"How Hitler Lost the War\" was mostly positive. \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the movie a B-","title":"How Hitler Lost the War"},{"psg_id":"5205522","text":"on street maps. Hitler birthplace memorial stone The Hitler birthplace memorial stone, a memorial to victims of the Nazis, is placed in front of Salzburger Vorstadt 15, Braunau am Inn, Upper Austria, the building where Adolf Hitler was born in 1889. At the time of Hitler's birth, the building was a modest guest house, where Hitler's parents rented rooms in connection with his father's job as a minor customs official at the nearby Austrian–German border. The Hitlers lived in the building only until Adolf was three years old, when his father was transferred to Passau. After World War II, the","title":"Hitler birthplace memorial stone"},{"psg_id":"5205518","text":"Hitler birthplace memorial stone The Hitler birthplace memorial stone, a memorial to victims of the Nazis, is placed in front of Salzburger Vorstadt 15, Braunau am Inn, Upper Austria, the building where Adolf Hitler was born in 1889. At the time of Hitler's birth, the building was a modest guest house, where Hitler's parents rented rooms in connection with his father's job as a minor customs official at the nearby Austrian–German border. The Hitlers lived in the building only until Adolf was three years old, when his father was transferred to Passau. After World War II, the building was rented","title":"Hitler birthplace memorial stone"},{"psg_id":"15712508","text":"Hitler Sites Hitler Sites: A City-by-City Guidebook (Austria, Germany, France, United States) by Steven Lehrer is a history and tour of European and American sites related to Adolf Hitler These sites cannot be found in standard guidebooks. Their descriptions comprise a topographical biography of the German dictator and can clarify who and what he actually was. Among the many sites are the middle-class homes and apartments where he grew up in rural Austria and Linz; the tenements and shelters he inhabited before ending up homeless, lice-infested, freezing and penniless in the streets of Vienna; the expansive Munich apartment where he","title":"Hitler Sites"},{"psg_id":"16162799","text":"of the German army, he joins German nationalistic parties, espousing theories that Germany lost the war because they were stabbed in the back. He rises to become dictator of Germany. Walter Abel and Albert Dekker narrate \"The Hitler Gang\". Paramount Pictures production chief Buddy De Sylva was inspired to make \"The Hitler Gang\" after he saw the 1941 Nazi propaganda film, \"Ohm Krüger\". \"The Germans did a good job on that picture,\" De Sylva said. \"Their production was excellent, their story was dramatic and though we know the picture is a lie, other peoples may not realize it. What we're","title":"The Hitler Gang"},{"psg_id":"13025373","text":"which ended the sophisticated system of Pali-Burmese styles, crown service and gentry titles, leaving the majority of Burmese with single-syllable names. Former titles, such as \"min\" (; \"leader\") were re-appropriated as part of personal names. For example, Burmese nationalist Aung San's parents were named Pha () and Suu (), both of which are single-syllable names. His birth name was Htain Lin (), but he changed his name to Aung San () later in life. His child is named Aung San Suu Kyi (). The first part of her name, \"Aung San\", is from her father's name at the time of","title":"Burmese names"},{"psg_id":"905943","text":"personal valet Sergeant Wilhelm Arndt. The plane crashed into the Heidenholz Forest, near the Czechoslovak border. Some of the more useful parts of Gundlfinger's plane were appropriated by locals before the police and SS cordoned off the crash. When Baur told Hitler what had happened, the German leader expressed grief at the loss of Arndt, one of his most favoured servants, and added: \"I entrusted him with extremely valuable documents which would show posterity the truth of my actions!\" Apart from this quoted sentence, there is no indication of what was in the boxes. The last of the crash's two","title":"Hitler Diaries"},{"psg_id":"7888503","text":"who specialize on the life and thought of Hitler have concluded he was irreligious and anti-Christian. Alan Bullock was an early influential Hitler expert who wrote important biographies of the dictator in the 1950s and 1960s. He wrote that Hitler had been raised Catholic, and though impressed by its organizational powers, Hitler repudiated Christianity on what he considered to be rational and moral grounds. Bullock considered Hitler to be a rationalist and materialist, with no feeling for the spiritual or emotional side of human existence. Bullock wrote that Hitler believed neither in \"God nor conscience\" but found both \"justification and","title":"Religious views of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"7138534","text":"work \"The Mind of Adolf Hitler\" and in Waite's psychoanalytic history \"\". However, most scholars dismiss these claims and believe Hitler was heterosexual. \"The New York Times Book Review (12/16/01) - \"... \"But the biggest problem with Machtan's book (which has been translated by John Brownjohn) isn't the reliability of his sources but his mode of argumentation. He accepts what fits his thesis and rejects what doesn't. One feels, at times, that one is reading an internal F.B.I. report from the J. Edgar Hoover era rather than an evenhanded work of scholarship in which the author is ready to be","title":"The Hidden Hitler"},{"psg_id":"12165725","text":"of people in the Holocaust. Before the birth of Adolf Hitler the family surname had many variations that were often used almost interchangeably. Some of the common variances were Hitler, Hiedler, Hüttler, Hytler, and Hittler. Alois Schicklgruber (Adolf's father) changed his name on 7 January 1877 to \"Hitler\", which was the only form of the last name that Adolf used. The family has long been of interest to historians and genealogists because of the biological uncertainty of Hitler's paternal grandfather as well as the family's inter-relationships and their psychological effect on Hitler during his childhood and later life. \"Hitler\" may","title":"Hitler family"},{"psg_id":"9602339","text":"in the trilogy, finds out one morning that her father is missing. She and her brother, Max, discover that Papa thinks that Adolf Hitler might win the elections, and has fled to Prague. Because the family is of Jewish heritage, and Papa is also a well-known critic of the Nazis, this is important. If Hitler wins the elections, Mama, Max and Anna will join Papa in Switzerland. If Hitler loses, then Papa will come back home to Berlin. However the parents decide not to wait until after the elections and Mama and the children rushed into Switzerland in alarming secrecy.","title":"Out of the Hitler Time"},{"psg_id":"15982325","text":"Hitler Youth Badge The Hitler Youth Badge was a political decoration of Nazi Germany, awarded for various degrees of service to the Hitler Youth. The badge was first created in 1929, with formal regulations for presentation as a decoration formalized in 1933. There were three grades of the Hitler Youth Badge: Most adult leaders of the Hitler Youth, in particular those holding the rank of \"Bannführer\" and above, automatically were awarded the standard Hitler Youth Badge. The badge was also frequently awarded to SS members who had some connection to the Hitler Youth. A special degree of the Hitler Youth","title":"Hitler Youth Badge"},{"psg_id":"1619829","text":"and were reportedly among the fiercest fighters. Although the city commander, General Helmuth Weidling, ordered Axmann to disband the Hitler Youth combat formations, in the confusion this order was never carried out. The remnants of the youth brigade took heavy casualties from the advancing Russian forces; only two survived. The Hitler Youth was disbanded by Allied authorities as part of the denazification process. Some Hitler Youth members were suspected of war crimes but, because they were children, no serious efforts were made to prosecute these claims. While the Hitler Youth was never declared a criminal organisation, its adult leadership was","title":"Hitler Youth"},{"psg_id":"16982917","text":"website Comedybox.tv on 1 July 2007. In the winter of 1941, a Jewish woman and her young son, Lenny, are watching a newsreel at a Brooklyn movie theater. A reel featuring Adolf Hitler appears on screen, sparking loud disapproval from the audience. Lenny asks his mother why no one likes Hitler, and his mother explains Hitler's atrocities. Lenny wonders aloud what Santa Claus will give him for Christmas, but his mother replies Hitler won't get anything for Christmas. This prompts Lenny to travel alone to Germany to give Hitler a kitten for Christmas, hoping it will soften Hitler's heart and","title":"A Kitten for Hitler"},{"psg_id":"11086010","text":"a sofa in Hitler's Munich flat with the remark: \"If only he knew what goings-on that sofa has seen.\" Hitler's letters provide evidence that he was fond of her, and worried when she participated in sports or was late returning for tea. His secretary Traudl Junge stated that during the war, Hitler telephoned Braun every day. He was concerned for her safety when she was staying in the Munich home he had bought her. Junge further asked Hitler once why he never married. Hitler replied, \"...I wouldn't have been able to give enough time to my wife\". Hitler told her","title":"Sexuality of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"18602296","text":"hospital stay. It is not even certain what symptoms were presented. Hitler's medical record from Pasewalk that could confirm or refute a diagnosis was already considered lost in the late 1920s. During World War II, the United States intelligence agency OSS collected information about Hitler's personality and commissioned a research team led by Walter Charles Langer to develop psychological reports in 1943. In one of these reports, titled \"A Psychiatric Study of Hitler\", the hypothesis was developed that Hitler was treated in Pasewalk by the psychiatrist Edmund Forster, who had in 1933 committed suicide for fear of reprisals. The starting","title":"Psychopathography of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"1619814","text":"a way of appeasing Hitler, the rapidly ascending political star. A further significant expansion drive started in 1933, after Baldur von Schirach was appointed by Hitler as the first \"Reichsjugendführer\" (Reich Youth Leader). All youth organizations were brought under Schirach's control. The members of the Hitler Youth were viewed as ensuring the future of Nazi Germany and were indoctrinated in Nazi ideology, including racism. The Hitler Youth appropriated many of its activities of the Boy Scout movement (which was banned in 1935), including camping and hiking. However, over time it changed in content and intention. For example, many activities closely","title":"Hitler Youth"},{"psg_id":"3845281","text":"how Hitler was plagued by paranoia and began to hate the Jewish people and religion. Australian band TISM's debut single was \"Defecate on My Face\", which was about Adolf Hitler's supposed coprophilia. Australian comedy troupe the Doug Anthony Allstars had a song called \"Mexican Hitler\", which told the story of what Hitler would have been like if he was born Mexican. It made an appearance in their television show, \"DAAS Kapital\". The song \"Hitler as Kalki\" by apocalyptic folk band Current 93 makes use of Savitri Devi's idea that Hitler was an avatar of the Hindu god Kalki. \"Two Little","title":"Adolf Hitler in popular culture"},{"psg_id":"18775498","text":"loyalists. According to the Historical Lexicon of Bavaria the unit later had around 100 members. On 9 November 1923, the \"Stoßtrupp\", along with the SA and several other Nazi paramilitary units, took part in the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. In the aftermath, Hitler was imprisoned and his party and all associated formations, including the \"Stoßtrupp\", were disbanded. Stoßtrupp-Hitler Stoßtrupp-Hitler or Stosstrupp-Hitler (\"Shock Troop-Hitler\") was a small short-lived bodyguard unit set up specifically for Adolf Hitler in 1923. Notable members included Rudolf Hess, Julius Schreck, Joseph Berchtold, Emil Maurice, Erhard Heiden, Ulrich Graf, and Bruno Gesche. In the earliest","title":"Stoßtrupp-Hitler"},{"psg_id":"6072399","text":"possibly impaired physical health of one individual. Kershaw feels that it is better to take a broader view of German history by examining what social forces led to the Nazi dictatorship and its policies rather than to pursue narrow explanations for the Holocaust and World WarII based on only one person. Hitler followed a vegetarian diet. At social events he sometimes gave graphic accounts of the slaughter of animals in an effort to make his guests shun meat. Bormann had a greenhouse constructed near the Berghof (near Berchtesgaden) to ensure a steady supply of fresh fruit and vegetables for Hitler.","title":"Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"6072294","text":"\"what little progress I was making at the technical school he would let me devote myself to my dream\". Like many Austrian Germans, Hitler began to develop German nationalist ideas from a young age. He expressed loyalty only to Germany, despising the declining Habsburg Monarchy and its rule over an ethnically variegated empire. Hitler and his friends used the greeting \"Heil\", and sang the \"Deutschlandlied\" instead of the Austrian Imperial anthem. After Alois's sudden death on 3 January 1903, Hitler's performance at school deteriorated and his mother allowed him to leave. He enrolled at the \"Realschule\" in Steyr in September","title":"Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"6072285","text":"began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France. His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression, the abrogation of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, and the annexation of territories inhabited by millions of ethnic Germans, which gave him significant popular support. Hitler","title":"Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"2866511","text":"had worked for some time as a servant). Kershaw discusses and also lists Hitler's family tree in his biography of Adolf Hitler and gives no validity as to the Frankenberger tale. Further, Frank's story contains several inaccuracies and contradictions, such as he said \"The fact that Adolf Hitler had no Jewish blood in his veins, seems, from what has been his whole manner, so blatant to me that it needs no further word\", also the statement Frank had made that Maria Schicklgruber came from \"Leonding near Linz\", when in fact she came from the hamlet of Strones, near the village","title":"Alois Hitler"},{"psg_id":"16134151","text":"in their respective territories, authority was given to Hitler Youth commanders. Frequently, the students were the children of proven Nazi parents but selection was not restricted to this group; however, once a child was selected, there was no withdrawal under any circumstances. Chosen for their racial attractiveness, fitness for sports and drill, as well as political reliability, the candidates disposition or \"character\" was developed to reflect \"honor, bravery, and devotion to the Führer.\" Historian Lisa Pine asserts that, \"These institutions represented a microcosm of the Nazi \"Weltanschauung\" by fostering the leadership principle, promoting competitiveness, and emphasizing life as a struggle","title":"Adolf Hitler Schools"},{"psg_id":"2069013","text":"he lost the Garo Hills District Council election for the Dengnakpara G.D.C. constituency to Roster Sangma of the Congress. He lost the 2003 legislative election by just over 300 votes to Zenith Sangma. However, he reemerged as the victor in the 2008 legislative elections. In regard to his controversial name, Hitler Marak told the \"Hindustan Times\": \"Maybe my parents liked the name and hence christened me Hitler... I am happy with my name, although I don't have any dictatorial tendencies.\" In February 2013 it was widely reported in international media that Marak would be running again for the state assembly","title":"Adolf Lu Hitler Marak"},{"psg_id":"11086011","text":"that he didn't want children, as they would have had \"...a very hard time, because they're expected to possess the same gifts as their famous parents and they can't be forgiven for being mediocre\". In the end, Hitler and Braun married in the Berlin \"Führerbunker\" in late April 1945, less than 40 hours before committing suicide together. Hitler's regime persecuted homosexuals, sending an estimated 5,000 to 15,000 to concentration camps; some 2,500 to 7,500 of these died. Ernst Röhm was his closest friend—the only person who called him \"Adolf\"—but after the Night of the Long Knives (1934), Hitler described the","title":"Sexuality of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"13363370","text":"will include the names of their parents and grand parents or that of a very close blood relative. At the same time, these names will not have names of saints or of great religious personalities or of political leaders or of foreign names. Family names are also included. Unlike Indian Christians of other denominations, foreign family names are absolutely irrelevant for Saint Thomas Christians as they embraced Christianity long before the arrival of European missionaries in India . So a Nasrani can easily be identified by name, from among other Christians. Even today, this pattern of giving name is visible","title":"Saint Thomas Christian names"},{"psg_id":"906017","text":"involved in the story, Brian MacArthur, later explained why so many experienced journalists and businessmen \"were so gullible\" about the authenticity of the diaries: ... the discovery of the Hitler diaries offered so tempting a scoop that we all wanted to believe they were genuine. Once hoist with a deal, moreover, we had to go on believing in their authenticity until they were convincingly demonstrated as forgeries. ... The few of us who were in on the secret fed in the adrenalin: we were going to write the most stunning scoop of our careers. Hitler Diaries The Hitler Diaries ()","title":"Hitler Diaries"},{"psg_id":"20301168","text":"What Were We Thinking Of \"What Were We Thinking Of\" is a song recorded by American singer Barbra Streisand for her 25th studio album, \"Till I Loved You\" (1988). It was released as the album's third and final single in February 1989 by Columbia Records. The track was written by Antonina Armato and Scott Cutler and produced by Denny Diante. It features guest vocals from the singer's then-boyfriend Don Johnson, who had previously collaborated with Streisand on her 1988 single \"Till I Loved You\". The physical release of \"What Were We Thinking Of\" includes the B-side track \"Why Let It","title":"What Were We Thinking Of"},{"psg_id":"16116199","text":"in 2008. Two songs from those sessions, \"Moving Targets\" and \"Eyes Like Pearls\", were included on \"What Were You Hoping For?\". After setting up his own label in 2009, Hunt began a new process for \"What Were You Hoping For?\", writing and recording songs for 10 months. In an interview for the \"Chicago Tribune\", he said of his expectations for the album's recording: \"I really wasn't sure what it would wind up being sonically. I love Bach cello suites, I love punk music, I love old blues, negro spiritual quartets, Muddy Waters' 'You Need Love.' There is a simplicity but","title":"What Were You Hoping For?"},{"psg_id":"3844639","text":"Much like the political activists in the DAP, Hitler blamed the loss of the First World War on Jewish intrigue at home and abroad, espousing \"völkisch\"-nationalist political beliefs with the intention of resurrecting Germany’s greatness by smashing the Versailles Treaty. Along those lines, Hitler proclaimed that the \"German yoke must be broken by German iron\" (\"Das deutsche Elend muß durch deutsches Eisen zerbrochen werden\"). In September 1919 Hitler wrote what is often deemed his first antisemitic text, requested by Mayr as a reply to an inquiry by Adolf Gemlich, who had participated in the same \"educational courses\" as Hitler. In","title":"Political views of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"9575409","text":"friends get involved in many amusing - and some not-so amusing - scrapes. The film is based on the first volume of Milligan's war memoirs. Although it broadly follows Milligan's book, some scenes were created specifically for the film and all of the character names (apart from the Milligan family) are fictional. Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall (film) Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall is a 1973 film adaptation of the of Spike Milligan's autobiography. It starred Jim Dale as the young Terence \"Spike\" Milligan, while Milligan himself played the part of his father, Leo. Dale was","title":"Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall (film)"},{"psg_id":"15982327","text":"right to wear the Golden Hitler Youth Badge was allowed after the recipient left the Nazi Party and no longer wore the uniform. The Leader of the National Hitler Youth could grant the right for the recipient to wear the badge indefinitely. Hitler Youth Badge The Hitler Youth Badge was a political decoration of Nazi Germany, awarded for various degrees of service to the Hitler Youth. The badge was first created in 1929, with formal regulations for presentation as a decoration formalized in 1933. There were three grades of the Hitler Youth Badge: Most adult leaders of the Hitler Youth,","title":"Hitler Youth Badge"},{"psg_id":"3844659","text":"political battle between Aryans and Jews, the necessary racial purification of the German people, and the need for German imperial expansion and colonisation eastwards. According to Hitler and other Pan-German thinkers, Germany needed to obtain additional living space or \"Lebensraum\", which would properly nurture the \"historic destiny\" of the German people; a key idea he made central in his foreign policy. Hitler wrote in \"Mein Kampf\" of his hatred towards what he believed were the world's twin evils: communism and Judaism. He said his aim was to eradicate both from Germany and moreover, he stressed his intention to unite all","title":"Political views of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"20301175","text":"the chart and peaked at number 32 on May 13, 1989. What Were We Thinking Of \"What Were We Thinking Of\" is a song recorded by American singer Barbra Streisand for her 25th studio album, \"Till I Loved You\" (1988). It was released as the album's third and final single in February 1989 by Columbia Records. The track was written by Antonina Armato and Scott Cutler and produced by Denny Diante. It features guest vocals from the singer's then-boyfriend Don Johnson, who had previously collaborated with Streisand on her 1988 single \"Till I Loved You\". The physical release of \"What","title":"What Were We Thinking Of"},{"psg_id":"5834703","text":"of Adolf Hitler\". She talked mostly about Hitler's childhood and refused to be drawn on political questions. Footage from this and a contemporary interview with Peter Morley was included in the 2005 television documentary \"The Hitler Family\" (original German title \"Familie Hitler. Im Schatten des Diktators\"), directed by Oliver Halmburger and Thomas Staehler. Paula died on 1 June 1960, at the age of 64, the last surviving member of Hitler's immediate family. She was buried in the Bergfriedhof in Berchtesgaden/Schönau under the name Paula Hitler. In June 2005, the wooden grave marker and remains were reportedly removed and replaced with","title":"Paula Hitler"},{"psg_id":"19972616","text":"Hunting Hitler Hunting Hitler is a History Channel television series based on the hypothetical premise that if Adolf Hitler escaped from the \"Führerbunker\" in Berlin at the end of World War II, how might he had done so and where might he have gone. The show was conceived due to the recent declassification of FBI documents exploring whether Hitler might still be alive in the late 1940s. The original idea of the show was to investigate the claims to learn why they were made and whether surviving Nazis—particularly any of Hitler's right-hand men—escaped in a manner consistent with the loosely","title":"Hunting Hitler"},{"psg_id":"19488718","text":"of interest in fascism, coinciding with the 2016 United States presidential election. In February 2017, free copies of \"Secret Hitler\" were shipped to all 100 members of the United States Senate. \"The Trump Pack\", a booster pack for \"Secret Hitler\", which replaces the fascists' cards with Donald Trump and prominent members of his administration at the time (respectively Sean Spicer, Stephen Miller, Steve Bannon and Mike Pence), was released in June 2017, with all proceeds generated from the pack's sales donated to the American Civil Liberties Union. Secret Hitler Secret Hitler is a hidden identity party game developed by Goat,","title":"Secret Hitler"},{"psg_id":"1619825","text":"Third Reich. There were a few members of the Hitler Youth who privately disagreed with Nazi ideologies. For instance, Hans Scholl—the brother of Sophie Scholl and one of the leading figures of the anti-Nazi resistance movement \"Weiße Rose\" (White Rose)—was also a member of the Hitler Youth. On 1 May 1940, Artur Axmann was appointed deputy to Schirach, whom he succeeded as \"Reichsjugendführer\" of the Hitler Youth on 8 August 1940. Axmann began to reform the group into an auxiliary force which could perform war duties. The Hitler Youth became active in German fire brigades and assisted with recovery efforts","title":"Hitler Youth"},{"psg_id":"12165747","text":"pension and her modest estate of about 2,000 Kronen, after the medical and funeral costs were paid. Klara was buried in Leonding. Hitler had a close relationship with his mother during her lifetime. He was crushed by her death and carried the grief for the rest of his life. Speaking of Hitler, Bloch later recalled that after Klara's death he had never seen \"anyone so prostrate with grief\". Hitler wrote years later that his mother's death was a \" 'dreadful blow' \". On 14 September 1903 Angela Hitler, Adolf's half-sister, married Leo Raubal (11 June 1879 – 10 August 1910),","title":"Hitler family"},{"psg_id":"12498453","text":"When he writes fully developed stories, he's abrasive, thought-provoking and explosively funny\". The book was \"Publishers Weekly\"'s book of the year. The Littlest Hitler The Littlest Hitler is a 2006 collection of short stories by Ryan Boudinot. The book has characters who have occupations such as drugstore workers and pharmacists. The short stories have things such a cannabalistic mother, serial killers, zombies and terrorists. The last story is called \"The Newholy\" which has to do with immigration. A \"Publishers Weekly\" review says, \"Reminiscent of early Rick Moody or the short stories of Daniel Handler, each of Boudinot's 13 stories is","title":"The Littlest Hitler"},{"psg_id":"5309576","text":"tried to revive the tradition through Proclamation No. 58, s. 1998. Parents' Day Parents' Day is observed in South Korea (May 8) and in the United States (fourth Sunday of July). The South Korean designation was established in 1973, replacing the Mother's Day previously marked on May 8, and includes public and private celebrations. The United States day was created in 1994 under President Bill Clinton. June 1 has also been proclaimed as \"Global Day of Parents\" by the United Nations as a mark of appreciation for the commitment of parents towards their children. In the Philippines, while it is","title":"Parents' Day"},{"psg_id":"12165752","text":"Regiment 16 (1st Company of the List Regiment). Hitler's case was not exceptional as he was not the only Austrian soldier in the List Regiment. It is likely Hitler was accepted into the Bavarian army either simply because nobody had asked him whether he was a German citizen when he first volunteered or because the recruiting authorities were happy to accept any volunteer and simply did not care what Hitler's nationality was, or because he might have told the Bavarian authorities that he intended to become a German citizen. He served as a dispatch runner on the Western Front in","title":"Hitler family"},{"psg_id":"12165744","text":"admitted that Alois was 'awfully rough' with his wife [Klara] and 'hardly ever spoke a word to her at home.'\" If Hitler was in a bad mood, he picked on the older children or Klara herself, in front of the rest. After Alois and Alois Jr had a violent argument, Alois Jr left home at 14, and the elder Alois swore he would never give the boy a penny of inheritance beyond what the law required. Apparently Alois Jr's relations with his stepmother Klara were also strained. After working as an apprentice waiter in the Shelbourne Hotel in Dublin, Ireland,","title":"Hitler family"},{"psg_id":"905950","text":"never to go to war with one another againe. In the mid- to late 1970s Kujau, an able amateur artist, turned to producing paintings which he claimed were by Hitler, who had been an amateur artist as a young man. Having found a market for his forged works, Kujau created Hitler paintings depicting subjects his buyers expressed interest in, such as cartoons, nudes and men in action—all subjects that Hitler never painted, nor would want to paint, according to Charles Hamilton, a handwriting expert and author of books on forgery. These paintings were often accompanied by small notes, purportedly from","title":"Hitler Diaries"},{"psg_id":"905939","text":"Hitler Diaries The Hitler Diaries () were a series of sixty volumes of journals purportedly written by Adolf Hitler, but forged by Konrad Kujau between 1981 and 1983. The diaries were purchased in 1983 for 9.3 million Deutsche Marks (£2.33 million or $3.7 million) by the West German news magazine \"Stern\", which sold serialisation rights to several news organisations. One such publication, the British newspaper \"The Sunday Times\", asked their independent director, the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper, to authenticate the diaries; he pronounced them genuine. At the press conference to announce the publication, Trevor-Roper announced that he had changed his mind,","title":"Hitler Diaries"},{"psg_id":"6072334","text":"and political leaders. In response, Hitler purged the entire SA leadership in the Night of the Long Knives, which took place from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler targeted Ernst Röhm and other SA leaders who, along with a number of Hitler's political adversaries (such as Gregor Strasser and former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), were rounded up, arrested, and shot. While the international community and some Germans were shocked by the murders, many in Germany believed Hitler was restoring order. On 2 August 1934, Hindenburg died. The previous day, the cabinet had enacted the \"Law Concerning the Highest State","title":"Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"6072322","text":"the trial of two Reichswehr officers, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer and Hans Ludin, in late 1930. Both were charged with membership in the NSDAP, at that time illegal for Reichswehr personnel. The prosecution argued that the NSDAP was an extremist party, prompting defence lawyer Hans Frank to call on Hitler to testify. On 25 September 1930, Hitler testified that his party would pursue political power solely through democratic elections, which won him many supporters in the officer corps. Brüning's austerity measures brought little economic improvement and were extremely unpopular. Hitler exploited this by targeting his political messages specifically at people who","title":"Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"1619819","text":"members from all over Germany would converge for the annual Nazi Party rally. Since the HJ and BDM were considered fully \"Aryan\" organizations by Nazi officials, premarital sex was actually encouraged in their ranks. The Hitler Youth maintained training academies comparable to preparatory schools, which were designed to nurture future Nazi Party leaders. The Hitler Youth also maintained several corps designed to develop future officers for the Wehrmacht (Armed Forces). The corps offered specialised foundational training for each of the specific arms for which the member was ultimately destined. The Marine Hitler Youth (Marine-HJ), for example, served as an auxiliary","title":"Hitler Youth"},{"psg_id":"16162804","text":"and spread of an ideological virus, would do well to see \"The Hitler Gang\".\" Bosley Crowther of \"The New York Times\" cautioned that \"the emphasis in this picture is so heavily upon the 'Hitler gang' and upon the inside intrigues by which it gained and held its power, that the impression conveyed is that these leaders are entirely responsible for the Nazi state. … It means that the grave responsibility of the German citizens for what they have allowed has been neatly tossed onto the shoulders of a few ruffians, Army officers and industrialists.\" Kurt Schwitters incorporated a newspaper advertisement","title":"The Hitler Gang"},{"psg_id":"3844665","text":"more promising future. Evidence of Hitler's disdain for Weimar's cultural and social decadence appears on multiple occasions in \"Mein Kampf\". In his seminal tome, he expresses an ultra-conservatism: Hitler raved against what he considered to be tasteless and morally destructive art on display throughout Germany in \"Mein Kampf\", calling some of it morbid and declaring that \"people would have benefited by not visiting them at all.\" Convinced that it was necessary to show the German people what comprised, \"degenerate art\" so as to protect them in the future, Hitler arranged for a formally commissioned exhibit in July 1937 of specially","title":"Political views of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"3844664","text":"opinions about sexuality amid the Nazis led to extreme homophobia which resulted in the systematic persecution of homosexuals. Hitler and his paladins also controlled what constituted acceptable artistic expression in Nazi Germany, abolishing what they considered to be \"degenerate art\". The Nazis strongly discouraged, and in some cases outright rejected the following behaviors: the use of cosmetics, premarital sex, prostitution, pornography, sexual vices, smoking, and excessive drinking. In many ways, there was a distinct Anti-intellectualism present within Nazi philosophy. Hearkening back to a simpler time, Hitler and the Nazis attempted to vindicate the glorious past as the key to a","title":"Political views of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"12835218","text":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War: How Britain Lost Its Empire and the West Lost the World, is a book by Patrick J. Buchanan, published in May 2008. Buchanan argues that both world wars were unnecessary and that the British Empire's decision to fight in them was disastrous for the world. One of Buchanan's express purposes is to undermine what he describes as a \"Churchill cult\" in America's élite and so he focuses particularly on how Winston Churchill helped Britain get into wars with Germany in 1914 and again in 1939. Buchanan cites many","title":"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War"},{"psg_id":"15188296","text":"speech is finished, Hitler returns to the group awaiting him and gets their reports about the peoples' reaction to the speech, all of them telling him it was outstanding, even calling Hitler an artist. Hitler then talks to Röhm alone about how they were so close to each other, but now that he is so busy running the country and doesn't have the time anymore to talk about the \"good old days\" with one of his trusted friends. Hitler then decides to get away from his political life for the day. And so Röhm decides to train Hitler on everything","title":"My Friend Hitler"},{"psg_id":"7888528","text":"I've always kept the Party aloof from religious questions.\" According to \"Table Talk\", Hitler believed that Jesus' true Christian teachings had been corrupted by the apostle St Paul, who had transformed them into a kind of Jewish Bolshevism, which Hitler believed preached \"the equality of all men amongst themselves, and their obedience to an only god. This is what caused the death of the Roman Empire.\" In \"Table Talk\", Hitler praised Julian the Apostate's \"Three Books Against the Galilaeans\", an anti-Christian tract from AD 362, in the entry dated 21 October 1941, stating: \"When one thinks of the opinions held","title":"Religious views of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"7888525","text":"the world by Christianity.\" Transcripts contained in \"Table Talk\" have Hitler expressing faith that science would wear away religion. On 14 October 1941, in an entry concerning the fate of Christianity, Hitler says: \"Science cannot lie, for it's always striving, according to the momentary state of knowledge, to deduce what is true. When it makes a mistake, it does so in good faith. It's Christianity that's the liar. It's in perpetual conflict with itself.\" Religion will crumble before scientific advances, says Hitler: \"The dogma of Christianity gets worn away before the advances of science. Religion will have to make more","title":"Religious views of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"7126320","text":"to 1913. It first appeared in \"Cut\", a Scottish arts and culture magazine and became instantly controversial, and some accused Morrison of being a Nazi due to his use of Hitler in what was essentially a humorous story. \"Cut\" ceased publication before the entire strip was published, but \"The New Adventures of Hitler\" was printed in its entirety in \"Crisis\" in 1990. \"Crisis\" was a spin-off from \"2000 AD\" which printed more adult-oriented work and \"The New Adventures of Hitler\" fit in with the themes of the magazine. However the controversy which had surrounded the story in \"Cut\" continued with","title":"The New Adventures of Hitler"},{"psg_id":"16476445","text":"history.\" Ian Kershaw relates the story in his 2008 \"Hitler: A Biography\". Kershaw felt that Kubizek had been helped in creating his book by a ghostwriter. He considers the story of Stefanie exaggerated, writing, \"There can be little doubt that Kubizek greatly embellishes what was at most a passing juvenile infatuation.\" However, Kershaw concludes that although Kubizek's book has weaknesses it also has intrinsic value as a portrait of the young Hitler. Frederic Spotts in his 2009 \"Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics\" notes that no documentation or sources other than Kubizek's book provide any substantiation for the alleged infatuation.","title":"Adolf Hitler and Stefanie Rabatsch"},{"psg_id":"3844743","text":"negotiate a surrender; Hitler considered this treason. During the afternoon his anger and bitterness escalated into a rage against Himmler. Hitler ordered Himmler's arrest and had Hermann Fegelein (Himmler's SS representative at Hitler's headquarters) shot. By this time, the Red Army had advanced to the Potsdamer Platz, and all indications were that they were preparing to storm the Chancellery. This report, combined with Himmler's treachery, prompted Hitler to make the last decisions of his life. After midnight on 29 April, Hitler married Eva Braun in a small civil ceremony in a map room within the \"Führerbunker\". Afterwards Hitler hosted a","title":"Death of Adolf Hitler"},{"psg_id":"5718109","text":"2004 they can also get a hyphenated name, but only if both parents kept their birth names at least as one part of their new name. Children usually get their father's surname, but hyphenated names are becoming more common. Couples of the same sex are not allowed to marry in Hungary, so they cannot legally use each other's names unless they change their names through a deed of change of name. When a woman takes her husband's name in the traditional way, as in \"Petőfi Sándorné\", her female first name no longer forms part of her official name, yet this","title":"Hungarian names"},{"psg_id":"11284967","text":"in the name of language reformer Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. Serbian names This article features the naming culture of personal names of ethnic Serbs and the Serbian language. Serbian names are rendered in the \"Western name order\" with the surname placed after the given name. \"Eastern name order\" may be used when multiple names appear in a sorted list, particularly in official notes and legal documents when the last name is capitalized (e.g. MILOVANOVIĆ Janko). As with most European cultures, a child is given a first name chosen by their parents or is chosen by godparents. The given name comes first,","title":"Serbian names"},{"psg_id":"11284960","text":"Serbian names This article features the naming culture of personal names of ethnic Serbs and the Serbian language. Serbian names are rendered in the \"Western name order\" with the surname placed after the given name. \"Eastern name order\" may be used when multiple names appear in a sorted list, particularly in official notes and legal documents when the last name is capitalized (e.g. MILOVANOVIĆ Janko). As with most European cultures, a child is given a first name chosen by their parents or is chosen by godparents. The given name comes first, the surname last, e.g. \"Željko Popović\", where \"Željko\" is","title":"Serbian names"},{"psg_id":"16096723","text":"Order Number 8842, the Hitler Youth conspiracy began in January 1938. The commissar of the NKVD gave an order to find and arrest a group of young people who were alleged to have formed a branch of the Hitler Youth and were planning acts of sabotage and an assassination. They were also accused of praising Adolf Hitler. Department 4 of the Main Directorate of State Security under the NKVD handled secret political affairs and took care of the administration of the case; Department 7, which handled foreign intelligence, implemented the orders. Those carrying out the arrests were directed to reach","title":"Hitler Youth conspiracy"},{"psg_id":"16096718","text":"Hitler Youth conspiracy The Hitler Youth conspiracy was a case investigated by the Soviet secret police, during the Great Purge in the late 1930s. Essentially a theory in search of evidence, it nonetheless resulted in the arrest of numerous German teenagers and some in their twenties and beyond, who were accused of having been fascist, anti-communist members of the Hitler Youth and of working against the Soviet Union. Teenagers from the Karl Liebknecht School, from Children's Home No. 6, and adults from factories and elsewhere were arrested, tortured and imprisoned. Many were executed or died in custody. Some were the","title":"Hitler Youth conspiracy"},{"psg_id":"16116189","text":"What Were You Hoping For? What Were You Hoping For? is the third studio album by American recording artist Van Hunt, released September 27, 2011, on his independent label Godless Hotspot in a joint venture with distributor Thirty Tigers. It is the follow-up to Hunt's 2006 album \"On the Jungle Floor\" and follows a period of label conflict and mainstream obscurity for Hunt. Recording sessions for the album took place primarily at Santa Fe Tracking Station in Los Angeles, where Hunt applied a minimalist recording approach and worked with a backing band comprising drummer Ruth Price, percussionist Melissa Mattey, and","title":"What Were You Hoping For?"},{"psg_id":"15281065","text":"August 2012. What If We Were Real What If We Were Real is the fourth studio album by CCM singer Mandisa. The album was released on April 5, 2011 on Sparrow Records. This album received a nomination at 54th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album. Mandisa began work on the album in July 2010. She also co-wrote three songs on the album. The album also features a guest appearance from tobyMac on the song \"Good Morning\". The first single off of the album was \"Stronger\". It peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart and as","title":"What If We Were Real"},{"psg_id":"15281063","text":"What If We Were Real What If We Were Real is the fourth studio album by CCM singer Mandisa. The album was released on April 5, 2011 on Sparrow Records. This album received a nomination at 54th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album. Mandisa began work on the album in July 2010. She also co-wrote three songs on the album. The album also features a guest appearance from tobyMac on the song \"Good Morning\". The first single off of the album was \"Stronger\". It peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart and as of August","title":"What If We Were Real"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1619823\",\n \"text\": \"1939 with the \\\"Jugenddienstpflicht\\\" (Youth Service Duty), which conscripted all German youths into the Hitler Youth—even if the parents objected. Parents who refused to allow their children to join were subject to an investigation by the authorities. From then on, the vast majority of Germany's teenagers belonged to the Hitler Youth. By 1940, it had eight million members. Students who did not join were frequently assigned essays with titles such as \\\"Why am I not in the Hitler Youth?\\\" They were also the subject of frequent taunts from teachers and fellow students, and could even be refused their diploma—which made\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3845296\",\n \"text\": \"business sought to attract attention by using the Hitler theme, and was decorated with Nazi imagery. Actor Murli Sharma attended the opening party; when asked what he thought about the name, he said \\\"I am not really agitated as I have not read much about the man. However, from what I know about Hitler, I find this name rather amusing.\\\" Alternative names suggested included Stalin Samosa Shop, Ayatollah Khomeini's Falafels, and Kim Jong's Juicy Juice. Adolf Hitler in popular culture Adolf Hitler (born April 20th 1889 died April 30th 1945) was the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler in popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14748643\",\n \"text\": \"acknowledged so far, and we have to first learn to understand what that means.” Hant has repeatedly accused the German media of “hypocrisy with regard to Hitler” and rejects a publication of Young Hitler in Germany. Consequently, the publication of Young Hitler in England was mostly ignored by the German press. Only \\\"Der Spiegel\\\" reviewed the book, treating Young Hitler merely as a piece of literature. Critics who were concerned with the book’s literary value were divided in their opinion. \\\"Der Spiegel\\\" reviewer Wolfgang Höbel refers to Young Hitler as “slush”, while British author Anthony Read calls Young Hitler “ingenious\",\n \"title\": \"Young Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"905978\",\n \"text\": \"out three entries from the diaries—from 15, 17 and 18 March—which concerned visits made by Hitler to the regiment while in the Lichterfelde and Friesenstraße barracks. Mohnke informed him that the entries were inaccurate, saying that the Lichterfelde barracks were not occupied by the troops on that date, that the regimental name used in the diary was introduced much later, and that so far as he knew Hitler never visited the Friesenstraße barracks. Heidemann was unmoved by his friend's revelations, and posited that Hitler had probably written what he was planning to do, not what he had done. Harris suggests\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Diaries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"905952\",\n \"text\": \"manuscripts to one of his regular customers, Fritz Stiefel, a collector of Nazi memorabilia who accepted them and many other Kujau products as genuine. Kujau also began forging a series of war poems by Hitler, which were so amateurish that Kujau later conceded that \\\"a fourteen-year-old collector would have recognised it as a forgery\\\". Gerd Heidemann was born in Hamburg in 1931. During the rise of Hitler his parents remained apolitical, but Heidemann, like many other young boys, joined the Hitler Youth. After the war he trained as an electrician, and pursued an interest in photography. He began working in\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Diaries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16116225\",\n \"text\": \"Heatseekers Albums, which is a weekly music chart that ranks top-selling albums by new or developing acts, defined as those who have never appeared in the top 100 of the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 or in the top 10 of \\\"Billboard\\\"s component charts. The album also reached number 50 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. All songs were written, arranged, and produced by Van Hunt. Credits for \\\"What Were You Hoping For?\\\" adapted from Allmusic. What Were You Hoping For? What Were You Hoping For? is the third studio album by American recording artist Van Hunt, released September 27, 2011, on his\",\n \"title\": \"What Were You Hoping For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1619811\",\n \"text\": \"were created for varying purposes; some were religious in disposition and others were ideological, but the more important among them were those formed for political reasons, like the \\\"Young Conservatives\\\" or the \\\"Young Protestants\\\". Once Hitler came onto the revolutionary scene, the transition from seemingly innocuous youth movements to political entities focused on Hitler was swift. Following the abortive Beer Hall Putsch (in November 1923), the Nazi youth groups ostensibly disbanded, but many elements simply went underground, operating clandestinely in small units under assumed names. In April 1924, the \\\"Jugendbund der NSDAP\\\" was renamed \\\"Grossdeutsche Jugendbewegung\\\" (Greater German Youth Movement).\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6072367\",\n \"text\": \"this crisis, Hitler appointed himself as head of the \\\"Oberkommando des Heeres\\\". On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked the American fleet based at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Four days later, Hitler declared war against the United States. On 18 December 1941, Himmler asked Hitler, \\\"What to do with the Jews of Russia?\\\", to which Hitler replied, \\\"\\\"als Partisanen auszurotten\\\"\\\" (\\\"exterminate them as partisans\\\"). Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer has commented that the remark is probably as close as historians will ever get to a definitive order from Hitler for the genocide carried out during the Holocaust. In late 1942, German forces were\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5718113\",\n \"text\": \"expand the official list, the newest edition of which is regularly published. A lot of recent additions are foreign names, which, however, must be spelled following Hungarian phonetics, e.g. \\\"Jennifer\\\" becomes \\\"Dzsenifer\\\" or \\\"Joe\\\" becomes \\\"Dzsó\\\". Those who belong to an officially recognized minority in Hungary can also choose names from their own culture, whereby a register of given names maintained by the respective minority governance must be observed. If one or both parents of a child to be named are foreign citizens, the given name(s) may be chosen in accordance with the respective foreign law. Outside Hungary, Hungarian names\",\n \"title\": \"Hungarian names\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20301169\",\n \"text\": \"Go?\\\", which is also featured on the parent album. A pop song, the track is about the end of a relationship that has soured over time. Critically, the song was well-received with several music critics calling it one of the best tracks on \\\"Till I Loved You\\\". On \\\"Billboard\\\"s Adult Contemporary chart in the United States, \\\"What Were We Thinking Of\\\" peaked at number 32. \\\"What Were We Thinking Of\\\" was taken from Streisand's 25th studio album, \\\"Till I Loved You\\\" (1988). The song was written by Antonina Armato and Scott Cutler, and among the first ones to be penned\",\n \"title\": \"What Were We Thinking Of\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"905944\",\n \"text\": \"survivors died in April 1980, and Bormann had died after leaving the Berlin bunker following Hitler's suicide on 30 April 1945. In the decades following the war, the possibility of a hidden cache of private papers belonging to Hitler became, according to the journalist Robert Harris, a \\\"tantalizing state of affairs [that] was to provide the perfect scenario for forgery\\\". Konrad Kujau was born in 1938 in Löbau, near Dresden, in what would become East Germany. His parents, a shoemaker and his wife, had both joined the Nazi Party in 1933. The boy grew up believing in the Nazi ideals\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Diaries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16982920\",\n \"text\": \"Bragg while they worked on \\\"The South Bank Show\\\", Bragg challenged Russell to create a film which Russell himself would want banned. The result was \\\"A Kitten for Hitler\\\". After Russell sent Bragg an initial draft, Bragg responded, \\\"Ken, if ever you make this film and it is shown, you will be lynched.\\\" Phil Pritchard portrayed Adolf Hitler. Those auditioning for the part were asked to attend the casting dressed as Hitler, creating a bizarre waiting room scene. Due to the content of the film, Russell couldn't convince any child actor's parents to let their son appear in the film.\",\n \"title\": \"A Kitten for Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15106662\",\n \"text\": \"was directed by Alastair Reid and starred: The series, which \\\"The Guardian\\\" described as \\\"a rollicking comedy with black edges\\\", was released on Region 1 DVD in July 2010. Selling Hitler Selling Hitler is a 1991 ITV television drama-documentary mini-series about the Hitler Diaries hoax and was based on Robert Harris's 1986 book \\\"Selling Hitler: The Story of the Hitler Diaries\\\". In 1981, Gerd Heidemann (Jonathan Pryce), a war correspondent and reporter with the German magazine \\\"Stern\\\", makes what he believes is the literary and historical scoop of the century: the diary of Adolf Hitler. Over the next two years,\",\n \"title\": \"Selling Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15106660\",\n \"text\": \"Selling Hitler Selling Hitler is a 1991 ITV television drama-documentary mini-series about the Hitler Diaries hoax and was based on Robert Harris's 1986 book \\\"Selling Hitler: The Story of the Hitler Diaries\\\". In 1981, Gerd Heidemann (Jonathan Pryce), a war correspondent and reporter with the German magazine \\\"Stern\\\", makes what he believes is the literary and historical scoop of the century: the diary of Adolf Hitler. Over the next two years, Heidemann and the senior management figures at \\\"Stern\\\" secretly pay DM 9 million to a mysterious \\\"Dr Fischer\\\" (Alexei Sayle) for the sixty volumes of 'Hitler's diaries', covering the\",\n \"title\": \"Selling Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6072395\",\n \"text\": \"which he considered regressive. According to Speer, Hitler believed that Japanese religious beliefs or Islam would have been a more suitable religion for Germans than Christianity, with its \\\"meekness and flabbiness\\\". Historian John S. Conway states that Hitler was fundamentally opposed to the Christian churches. According to Bullock, Hitler did not believe in God, was anticlerical, and held Christian ethics in contempt because they contravened his preferred view of \\\"survival of the fittest\\\". He favoured aspects of Protestantism that suited his own views, and adopted some elements of the Catholic Church's hierarchical organisation, liturgy, and phraseology. Hitler viewed the church\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14748640\",\n \"text\": \"man who also had an extensive knowledge of art. Not only did his exceptional memory help Hitler to apply his knowledge in a way that appealed to the dull masses, he also knew how to make an impression on intelligent and highly educated individuals in the top echelon of society. Hant also quotes various sources which document the fact that Hitler believed he had a special connection to the divine. Hitler did not merely pretend to be the “German Messiah”, says Hant. After what Hitler believed was a spiritual experience, he became convinced that he was indeed “the One”. Hant\",\n \"title\": \"Young Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3845254\",\n \"text\": \"traveler (Katherine Heigl) goes back in time to kill Hitler as an infant while disguising herself as the new housekeeper. She kidnaps the infant Hitler and leaps from a bridge, killing herself and the baby. A horrified housekeeper, who has been following her and had witnessed the murder, does not tell Hitler's parents because of fear of death as punishment, but rather bribes a gypsy to sell her baby. The baby is then returned to the Hitler household where he takes his place to become the Hitler that the world knew. William Saroyan wrote a short story about Hitler in\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler in popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7888604\",\n \"text\": \"what they were doing was justified by history, science and nature\\\". Fest considers that Hitler simplified de Gobineau's elaborate ideas of struggle for survival among the different races, from which the Aryan race, guided by providence, was supposed to be the torchbearers of civilization. In his rhetoric Hitler fed on the old accusation of Jewish deicide. It has been speculated that Christian anti-Judaism influenced Hitler's ideas, especially such works as Martin Luther's essay \\\"On the Jews and Their Lies\\\" and the writings of Paul de Lagarde. Others disagree with this view. Hitler biographer John Toland offers the opinion that Hitler\",\n \"title\": \"Religious views of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12660425\",\n \"text\": \"people who stole their father's work are after their robot, Newman. Eventually, Matthew returns to the afterlife after setting his boys on the right path as they sell the plans for their robot to a rich Texan investor. The film features the song; 'Love breaks the rules' by Jane Barnett and Larry Hoppen. And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird is a 1991 science-fiction family film written and directed by Tony Cookson; foreign language releases were titled RoboDad. Two boys, Joshua (Joshua John Miller) and Max (Edan Gross) attempt to invent a fully\",\n \"title\": \"And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12660424\",\n \"text\": \"And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird is a 1991 science-fiction family film written and directed by Tony Cookson; foreign language releases were titled RoboDad. Two boys, Joshua (Joshua John Miller) and Max (Edan Gross) attempt to invent a fully mobile robot with advanced artificial intelligence to help their mother, Sarah (Marcia Strassman) with household chores. However, after a playfully performed séance on Halloween, the ghost of their late father, Matthew (Alan Thicke), possesses the robot. The boys are overjoyed at the return of their father, but it soon becomes apparent that the\",\n \"title\": \"And You Thought Your Parents Were Weird\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18210586\",\n \"text\": \"and leadership abilities. In the end, once he finds out about Hitler's evil deeds, he regrets emulating such an evil person. Hitler Umanath Hitler Umanath is a 1982 Indian Tamil film, directed by P. Madhavan and produced by P. V. Thulasiram. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, K. R. Vijaya, Sathyaraj and Suruli Rajan in lead roles. The film had musical score by M. S. Viswanathan. A mild-mannered and timid man causes amusement when he comes to work in a business — because of his resemblance to Adolf Hitler. Soon, however, he finds himself growing into a more forceful and dynamic\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Umanath\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18210585\",\n \"text\": \"Hitler Umanath Hitler Umanath is a 1982 Indian Tamil film, directed by P. Madhavan and produced by P. V. Thulasiram. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, K. R. Vijaya, Sathyaraj and Suruli Rajan in lead roles. The film had musical score by M. S. Viswanathan. A mild-mannered and timid man causes amusement when he comes to work in a business — because of his resemblance to Adolf Hitler. Soon, however, he finds himself growing into a more forceful and dynamic person, becoming a charismatic leader and a successful businessman as his wife teaches him more and more about Hitler's charismatic personality\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Umanath\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1849688\",\n \"text\": \"only switched to S-Bahn Wien in 2005. As for Munich, a first breaking ground for an S-train-like rapid transport system running through tunnels in downtown areas, bundling and interconnecting existing suburban and local railways, and the construction of what is now Goetheplatz underground station (line U6) took place in 1938, executed by the Nazi government of Adolf Hitler. Plans and construction work came to a halt early in World War II and were not pursued in its aftermath. The nowadays very extensive S-Bahn-System, and the first two U-Bahn lines, began to operate prior to the 1972 Summer Olympics. The term\",\n \"title\": \"S-train\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6072358\",\n \"text\": \"the Free City of Danzig and the right to extraterritorial roads across the Polish Corridor, which Germany had ceded under the Versailles Treaty. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September, surprising Hitler and prompting him to angrily ask Ribbentrop, \\\"Now what?\\\" France and Britain did not act on their declarations immediately, and on 17 September, Soviet forces invaded eastern Poland. The fall of Poland was followed by what contemporary journalists dubbed the \\\"Phoney War\\\" or \\\"Sitzkrieg\\\" (\\\"sitting war\\\"). Hitler instructed the two newly appointed Gauleiters of north-western Poland, Albert Forster of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia and\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5718112\",\n \"text\": \"given names (religious names not included since they are not official, see above). Given names can be chosen by the parents from an official list of several thousand names (technically, one list for each gender). If the intended name is not on the list, the parents need to apply for approval. Applications are considered by the Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences following a set of principles. Thus, names are approved if they are not derogatory or overly diminutive, can be written and pronounced easily, can be recognised as either male or female, etc. Approved names\",\n \"title\": \"Hungarian names\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15855192\",\n \"text\": \"grateful); Tamayi (move from here). Names are typically given by the parents of the child when it is born. However names may also be given by grandparents and other relatives with the parents' consent. Traditionally when a person that is not a parent names a child, that person would pay a token sum of money or gift that allowed them to give a name to a child which is not their own. Zimbabwean names Zimbabwean names consist of a first or given name followed by a family name or surname. The given names are influenced by the culture of the\",\n \"title\": \"Zimbabwean names\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14748637\",\n \"text\": \"artist on the streets and in the asylums of Vienna, and then joined World War I as a volunteer on the Western Front. When the war ends, Hitler comes into contact with members of the Thule Society in Munich, an association of occultists who had launched a political party, the German Workers Party (DAP).The narration ends in 1920 when Hitler takes over the DAP and turns it into the Nazi Party (NSDAP). In an interview with The Guardian, author Claus Hant explained that the events after 1920 are exhaustively documented in the numerous Hitler biographies. But what the biographies do\",\n \"title\": \"Young Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7888584\",\n \"text\": \"all character training and religion must be derived from faith.\\\" However, as Hitler consolidated his power, schools became a major battleground in the Nazi campaign against the churches. In 1937, the Nazis banned any member of the Hitler Youth from simultaneously belonging to a religious youth movement. Religious education was not permitted in the Hitler Youth and by 1939, clergymen teachers had been removed from virtually all state schools. Hitler sometimes allowed pressure to be placed on German parents to remove children from religious classes to be given ideological instruction in its place, while in elite Nazi schools, Christian prayers\",\n \"title\": \"Religious views of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16096722\",\n \"text\": \"their spouses and children were also persecuted. Some were banished to a gulag, some children were put in orphanages and in some cases, older children were themselves arrested and charged with anti-revolutionary activity and forming anti-revolutionary groups. International communists living in the Soviet Union were hard hit, especially Germans, who were there in large numbers, fleeing Nazism. While German parents were rounded up, accused of espionage, this charge was not plausible for foreign children who had not been outside the Soviet Union in years. Instead, they were charged with having formed a branch of the Hitler Youth. Investigations regarding NKVD\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth conspiracy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17919653\",\n \"text\": \"How Hitler Lost the War How Hitler Lost the War is a 1989 World War II documentary created and produced by David Hoffman and Robert Denny, and narrated by Norman Rose. The documentary explores Hitler's upbringing and efforts during World War II and includes footage from this time period. It also contains interviews and statements from military historians and veterans, and looks into what mistakes Hitler made during the war and what he could have potentially done differently in order to win. Critical reception for \\\"How Hitler Lost the War\\\" was mostly positive. \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" gave the movie a B-\",\n \"title\": \"How Hitler Lost the War\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5205522\",\n \"text\": \"on street maps. Hitler birthplace memorial stone The Hitler birthplace memorial stone, a memorial to victims of the Nazis, is placed in front of Salzburger Vorstadt 15, Braunau am Inn, Upper Austria, the building where Adolf Hitler was born in 1889. At the time of Hitler's birth, the building was a modest guest house, where Hitler's parents rented rooms in connection with his father's job as a minor customs official at the nearby Austrian–German border. The Hitlers lived in the building only until Adolf was three years old, when his father was transferred to Passau. After World War II, the\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler birthplace memorial stone\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5205518\",\n \"text\": \"Hitler birthplace memorial stone The Hitler birthplace memorial stone, a memorial to victims of the Nazis, is placed in front of Salzburger Vorstadt 15, Braunau am Inn, Upper Austria, the building where Adolf Hitler was born in 1889. At the time of Hitler's birth, the building was a modest guest house, where Hitler's parents rented rooms in connection with his father's job as a minor customs official at the nearby Austrian–German border. The Hitlers lived in the building only until Adolf was three years old, when his father was transferred to Passau. After World War II, the building was rented\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler birthplace memorial stone\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15712508\",\n \"text\": \"Hitler Sites Hitler Sites: A City-by-City Guidebook (Austria, Germany, France, United States) by Steven Lehrer is a history and tour of European and American sites related to Adolf Hitler These sites cannot be found in standard guidebooks. Their descriptions comprise a topographical biography of the German dictator and can clarify who and what he actually was. Among the many sites are the middle-class homes and apartments where he grew up in rural Austria and Linz; the tenements and shelters he inhabited before ending up homeless, lice-infested, freezing and penniless in the streets of Vienna; the expansive Munich apartment where he\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Sites\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16162799\",\n \"text\": \"of the German army, he joins German nationalistic parties, espousing theories that Germany lost the war because they were stabbed in the back. He rises to become dictator of Germany. Walter Abel and Albert Dekker narrate \\\"The Hitler Gang\\\". Paramount Pictures production chief Buddy De Sylva was inspired to make \\\"The Hitler Gang\\\" after he saw the 1941 Nazi propaganda film, \\\"Ohm Krüger\\\". \\\"The Germans did a good job on that picture,\\\" De Sylva said. \\\"Their production was excellent, their story was dramatic and though we know the picture is a lie, other peoples may not realize it. What we're\",\n \"title\": \"The Hitler Gang\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13025373\",\n \"text\": \"which ended the sophisticated system of Pali-Burmese styles, crown service and gentry titles, leaving the majority of Burmese with single-syllable names. Former titles, such as \\\"min\\\" (; \\\"leader\\\") were re-appropriated as part of personal names. For example, Burmese nationalist Aung San's parents were named Pha () and Suu (), both of which are single-syllable names. His birth name was Htain Lin (), but he changed his name to Aung San () later in life. His child is named Aung San Suu Kyi (). The first part of her name, \\\"Aung San\\\", is from her father's name at the time of\",\n \"title\": \"Burmese names\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"905943\",\n \"text\": \"personal valet Sergeant Wilhelm Arndt. The plane crashed into the Heidenholz Forest, near the Czechoslovak border. Some of the more useful parts of Gundlfinger's plane were appropriated by locals before the police and SS cordoned off the crash. When Baur told Hitler what had happened, the German leader expressed grief at the loss of Arndt, one of his most favoured servants, and added: \\\"I entrusted him with extremely valuable documents which would show posterity the truth of my actions!\\\" Apart from this quoted sentence, there is no indication of what was in the boxes. The last of the crash's two\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Diaries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7888503\",\n \"text\": \"who specialize on the life and thought of Hitler have concluded he was irreligious and anti-Christian. Alan Bullock was an early influential Hitler expert who wrote important biographies of the dictator in the 1950s and 1960s. He wrote that Hitler had been raised Catholic, and though impressed by its organizational powers, Hitler repudiated Christianity on what he considered to be rational and moral grounds. Bullock considered Hitler to be a rationalist and materialist, with no feeling for the spiritual or emotional side of human existence. Bullock wrote that Hitler believed neither in \\\"God nor conscience\\\" but found both \\\"justification and\",\n \"title\": \"Religious views of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7138534\",\n \"text\": \"work \\\"The Mind of Adolf Hitler\\\" and in Waite's psychoanalytic history \\\"\\\". However, most scholars dismiss these claims and believe Hitler was heterosexual. \\\"The New York Times Book Review (12/16/01) - \\\"... \\\"But the biggest problem with Machtan's book (which has been translated by John Brownjohn) isn't the reliability of his sources but his mode of argumentation. He accepts what fits his thesis and rejects what doesn't. One feels, at times, that one is reading an internal F.B.I. report from the J. Edgar Hoover era rather than an evenhanded work of scholarship in which the author is ready to be\",\n \"title\": \"The Hidden Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12165725\",\n \"text\": \"of people in the Holocaust. Before the birth of Adolf Hitler the family surname had many variations that were often used almost interchangeably. Some of the common variances were Hitler, Hiedler, Hüttler, Hytler, and Hittler. Alois Schicklgruber (Adolf's father) changed his name on 7 January 1877 to \\\"Hitler\\\", which was the only form of the last name that Adolf used. The family has long been of interest to historians and genealogists because of the biological uncertainty of Hitler's paternal grandfather as well as the family's inter-relationships and their psychological effect on Hitler during his childhood and later life. \\\"Hitler\\\" may\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler family\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9602339\",\n \"text\": \"in the trilogy, finds out one morning that her father is missing. She and her brother, Max, discover that Papa thinks that Adolf Hitler might win the elections, and has fled to Prague. Because the family is of Jewish heritage, and Papa is also a well-known critic of the Nazis, this is important. If Hitler wins the elections, Mama, Max and Anna will join Papa in Switzerland. If Hitler loses, then Papa will come back home to Berlin. However the parents decide not to wait until after the elections and Mama and the children rushed into Switzerland in alarming secrecy.\",\n \"title\": \"Out of the Hitler Time\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15982325\",\n \"text\": \"Hitler Youth Badge The Hitler Youth Badge was a political decoration of Nazi Germany, awarded for various degrees of service to the Hitler Youth. The badge was first created in 1929, with formal regulations for presentation as a decoration formalized in 1933. There were three grades of the Hitler Youth Badge: Most adult leaders of the Hitler Youth, in particular those holding the rank of \\\"Bannführer\\\" and above, automatically were awarded the standard Hitler Youth Badge. The badge was also frequently awarded to SS members who had some connection to the Hitler Youth. A special degree of the Hitler Youth\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth Badge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1619829\",\n \"text\": \"and were reportedly among the fiercest fighters. Although the city commander, General Helmuth Weidling, ordered Axmann to disband the Hitler Youth combat formations, in the confusion this order was never carried out. The remnants of the youth brigade took heavy casualties from the advancing Russian forces; only two survived. The Hitler Youth was disbanded by Allied authorities as part of the denazification process. Some Hitler Youth members were suspected of war crimes but, because they were children, no serious efforts were made to prosecute these claims. While the Hitler Youth was never declared a criminal organisation, its adult leadership was\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16982917\",\n \"text\": \"website Comedybox.tv on 1 July 2007. In the winter of 1941, a Jewish woman and her young son, Lenny, are watching a newsreel at a Brooklyn movie theater. A reel featuring Adolf Hitler appears on screen, sparking loud disapproval from the audience. Lenny asks his mother why no one likes Hitler, and his mother explains Hitler's atrocities. Lenny wonders aloud what Santa Claus will give him for Christmas, but his mother replies Hitler won't get anything for Christmas. This prompts Lenny to travel alone to Germany to give Hitler a kitten for Christmas, hoping it will soften Hitler's heart and\",\n \"title\": \"A Kitten for Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11086010\",\n \"text\": \"a sofa in Hitler's Munich flat with the remark: \\\"If only he knew what goings-on that sofa has seen.\\\" Hitler's letters provide evidence that he was fond of her, and worried when she participated in sports or was late returning for tea. His secretary Traudl Junge stated that during the war, Hitler telephoned Braun every day. He was concerned for her safety when she was staying in the Munich home he had bought her. Junge further asked Hitler once why he never married. Hitler replied, \\\"...I wouldn't have been able to give enough time to my wife\\\". Hitler told her\",\n \"title\": \"Sexuality of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18602296\",\n \"text\": \"hospital stay. It is not even certain what symptoms were presented. Hitler's medical record from Pasewalk that could confirm or refute a diagnosis was already considered lost in the late 1920s. During World War II, the United States intelligence agency OSS collected information about Hitler's personality and commissioned a research team led by Walter Charles Langer to develop psychological reports in 1943. In one of these reports, titled \\\"A Psychiatric Study of Hitler\\\", the hypothesis was developed that Hitler was treated in Pasewalk by the psychiatrist Edmund Forster, who had in 1933 committed suicide for fear of reprisals. The starting\",\n \"title\": \"Psychopathography of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1619814\",\n \"text\": \"a way of appeasing Hitler, the rapidly ascending political star. A further significant expansion drive started in 1933, after Baldur von Schirach was appointed by Hitler as the first \\\"Reichsjugendführer\\\" (Reich Youth Leader). All youth organizations were brought under Schirach's control. The members of the Hitler Youth were viewed as ensuring the future of Nazi Germany and were indoctrinated in Nazi ideology, including racism. The Hitler Youth appropriated many of its activities of the Boy Scout movement (which was banned in 1935), including camping and hiking. However, over time it changed in content and intention. For example, many activities closely\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3845281\",\n \"text\": \"how Hitler was plagued by paranoia and began to hate the Jewish people and religion. Australian band TISM's debut single was \\\"Defecate on My Face\\\", which was about Adolf Hitler's supposed coprophilia. Australian comedy troupe the Doug Anthony Allstars had a song called \\\"Mexican Hitler\\\", which told the story of what Hitler would have been like if he was born Mexican. It made an appearance in their television show, \\\"DAAS Kapital\\\". The song \\\"Hitler as Kalki\\\" by apocalyptic folk band Current 93 makes use of Savitri Devi's idea that Hitler was an avatar of the Hindu god Kalki. \\\"Two Little\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler in popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18775498\",\n \"text\": \"loyalists. According to the Historical Lexicon of Bavaria the unit later had around 100 members. On 9 November 1923, the \\\"Stoßtrupp\\\", along with the SA and several other Nazi paramilitary units, took part in the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. In the aftermath, Hitler was imprisoned and his party and all associated formations, including the \\\"Stoßtrupp\\\", were disbanded. Stoßtrupp-Hitler Stoßtrupp-Hitler or Stosstrupp-Hitler (\\\"Shock Troop-Hitler\\\") was a small short-lived bodyguard unit set up specifically for Adolf Hitler in 1923. Notable members included Rudolf Hess, Julius Schreck, Joseph Berchtold, Emil Maurice, Erhard Heiden, Ulrich Graf, and Bruno Gesche. In the earliest\",\n \"title\": \"Stoßtrupp-Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6072399\",\n \"text\": \"possibly impaired physical health of one individual. Kershaw feels that it is better to take a broader view of German history by examining what social forces led to the Nazi dictatorship and its policies rather than to pursue narrow explanations for the Holocaust and World WarII based on only one person. Hitler followed a vegetarian diet. At social events he sometimes gave graphic accounts of the slaughter of animals in an effort to make his guests shun meat. Bormann had a greenhouse constructed near the Berghof (near Berchtesgaden) to ensure a steady supply of fresh fruit and vegetables for Hitler.\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6072294\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"what little progress I was making at the technical school he would let me devote myself to my dream\\\". Like many Austrian Germans, Hitler began to develop German nationalist ideas from a young age. He expressed loyalty only to Germany, despising the declining Habsburg Monarchy and its rule over an ethnically variegated empire. Hitler and his friends used the greeting \\\"Heil\\\", and sang the \\\"Deutschlandlied\\\" instead of the Austrian Imperial anthem. After Alois's sudden death on 3 January 1903, Hitler's performance at school deteriorated and his mother allowed him to leave. He enrolled at the \\\"Realschule\\\" in Steyr in September\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6072285\",\n \"text\": \"began the process of transforming the Weimar Republic into Nazi Germany, a one-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of National Socialism. Hitler aimed to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order dominated by Britain and France. His first six years in power resulted in rapid economic recovery from the Great Depression, the abrogation of restrictions imposed on Germany after World War I, and the annexation of territories inhabited by millions of ethnic Germans, which gave him significant popular support. Hitler\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2866511\",\n \"text\": \"had worked for some time as a servant). Kershaw discusses and also lists Hitler's family tree in his biography of Adolf Hitler and gives no validity as to the Frankenberger tale. Further, Frank's story contains several inaccuracies and contradictions, such as he said \\\"The fact that Adolf Hitler had no Jewish blood in his veins, seems, from what has been his whole manner, so blatant to me that it needs no further word\\\", also the statement Frank had made that Maria Schicklgruber came from \\\"Leonding near Linz\\\", when in fact she came from the hamlet of Strones, near the village\",\n \"title\": \"Alois Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16134151\",\n \"text\": \"in their respective territories, authority was given to Hitler Youth commanders. Frequently, the students were the children of proven Nazi parents but selection was not restricted to this group; however, once a child was selected, there was no withdrawal under any circumstances. Chosen for their racial attractiveness, fitness for sports and drill, as well as political reliability, the candidates disposition or \\\"character\\\" was developed to reflect \\\"honor, bravery, and devotion to the Führer.\\\" Historian Lisa Pine asserts that, \\\"These institutions represented a microcosm of the Nazi \\\"Weltanschauung\\\" by fostering the leadership principle, promoting competitiveness, and emphasizing life as a struggle\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler Schools\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2069013\",\n \"text\": \"he lost the Garo Hills District Council election for the Dengnakpara G.D.C. constituency to Roster Sangma of the Congress. He lost the 2003 legislative election by just over 300 votes to Zenith Sangma. However, he reemerged as the victor in the 2008 legislative elections. In regard to his controversial name, Hitler Marak told the \\\"Hindustan Times\\\": \\\"Maybe my parents liked the name and hence christened me Hitler... I am happy with my name, although I don't have any dictatorial tendencies.\\\" In February 2013 it was widely reported in international media that Marak would be running again for the state assembly\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Lu Hitler Marak\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11086011\",\n \"text\": \"that he didn't want children, as they would have had \\\"...a very hard time, because they're expected to possess the same gifts as their famous parents and they can't be forgiven for being mediocre\\\". In the end, Hitler and Braun married in the Berlin \\\"Führerbunker\\\" in late April 1945, less than 40 hours before committing suicide together. Hitler's regime persecuted homosexuals, sending an estimated 5,000 to 15,000 to concentration camps; some 2,500 to 7,500 of these died. Ernst Röhm was his closest friend—the only person who called him \\\"Adolf\\\"—but after the Night of the Long Knives (1934), Hitler described the\",\n \"title\": \"Sexuality of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13363370\",\n \"text\": \"will include the names of their parents and grand parents or that of a very close blood relative. At the same time, these names will not have names of saints or of great religious personalities or of political leaders or of foreign names. Family names are also included. Unlike Indian Christians of other denominations, foreign family names are absolutely irrelevant for Saint Thomas Christians as they embraced Christianity long before the arrival of European missionaries in India . So a Nasrani can easily be identified by name, from among other Christians. Even today, this pattern of giving name is visible\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Thomas Christian names\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"906017\",\n \"text\": \"involved in the story, Brian MacArthur, later explained why so many experienced journalists and businessmen \\\"were so gullible\\\" about the authenticity of the diaries: ... the discovery of the Hitler diaries offered so tempting a scoop that we all wanted to believe they were genuine. Once hoist with a deal, moreover, we had to go on believing in their authenticity until they were convincingly demonstrated as forgeries. ... The few of us who were in on the secret fed in the adrenalin: we were going to write the most stunning scoop of our careers. Hitler Diaries The Hitler Diaries ()\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Diaries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20301168\",\n \"text\": \"What Were We Thinking Of \\\"What Were We Thinking Of\\\" is a song recorded by American singer Barbra Streisand for her 25th studio album, \\\"Till I Loved You\\\" (1988). It was released as the album's third and final single in February 1989 by Columbia Records. The track was written by Antonina Armato and Scott Cutler and produced by Denny Diante. It features guest vocals from the singer's then-boyfriend Don Johnson, who had previously collaborated with Streisand on her 1988 single \\\"Till I Loved You\\\". The physical release of \\\"What Were We Thinking Of\\\" includes the B-side track \\\"Why Let It\",\n \"title\": \"What Were We Thinking Of\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16116199\",\n \"text\": \"in 2008. Two songs from those sessions, \\\"Moving Targets\\\" and \\\"Eyes Like Pearls\\\", were included on \\\"What Were You Hoping For?\\\". After setting up his own label in 2009, Hunt began a new process for \\\"What Were You Hoping For?\\\", writing and recording songs for 10 months. In an interview for the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", he said of his expectations for the album's recording: \\\"I really wasn't sure what it would wind up being sonically. I love Bach cello suites, I love punk music, I love old blues, negro spiritual quartets, Muddy Waters' 'You Need Love.' There is a simplicity but\",\n \"title\": \"What Were You Hoping For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3844639\",\n \"text\": \"Much like the political activists in the DAP, Hitler blamed the loss of the First World War on Jewish intrigue at home and abroad, espousing \\\"völkisch\\\"-nationalist political beliefs with the intention of resurrecting Germany’s greatness by smashing the Versailles Treaty. Along those lines, Hitler proclaimed that the \\\"German yoke must be broken by German iron\\\" (\\\"Das deutsche Elend muß durch deutsches Eisen zerbrochen werden\\\"). In September 1919 Hitler wrote what is often deemed his first antisemitic text, requested by Mayr as a reply to an inquiry by Adolf Gemlich, who had participated in the same \\\"educational courses\\\" as Hitler. In\",\n \"title\": \"Political views of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9575409\",\n \"text\": \"friends get involved in many amusing - and some not-so amusing - scrapes. The film is based on the first volume of Milligan's war memoirs. Although it broadly follows Milligan's book, some scenes were created specifically for the film and all of the character names (apart from the Milligan family) are fictional. Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall (film) Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall is a 1973 film adaptation of the of Spike Milligan's autobiography. It starred Jim Dale as the young Terence \\\"Spike\\\" Milligan, while Milligan himself played the part of his father, Leo. Dale was\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15982327\",\n \"text\": \"right to wear the Golden Hitler Youth Badge was allowed after the recipient left the Nazi Party and no longer wore the uniform. The Leader of the National Hitler Youth could grant the right for the recipient to wear the badge indefinitely. Hitler Youth Badge The Hitler Youth Badge was a political decoration of Nazi Germany, awarded for various degrees of service to the Hitler Youth. The badge was first created in 1929, with formal regulations for presentation as a decoration formalized in 1933. There were three grades of the Hitler Youth Badge: Most adult leaders of the Hitler Youth,\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth Badge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3844659\",\n \"text\": \"political battle between Aryans and Jews, the necessary racial purification of the German people, and the need for German imperial expansion and colonisation eastwards. According to Hitler and other Pan-German thinkers, Germany needed to obtain additional living space or \\\"Lebensraum\\\", which would properly nurture the \\\"historic destiny\\\" of the German people; a key idea he made central in his foreign policy. Hitler wrote in \\\"Mein Kampf\\\" of his hatred towards what he believed were the world's twin evils: communism and Judaism. He said his aim was to eradicate both from Germany and moreover, he stressed his intention to unite all\",\n \"title\": \"Political views of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20301175\",\n \"text\": \"the chart and peaked at number 32 on May 13, 1989. What Were We Thinking Of \\\"What Were We Thinking Of\\\" is a song recorded by American singer Barbra Streisand for her 25th studio album, \\\"Till I Loved You\\\" (1988). It was released as the album's third and final single in February 1989 by Columbia Records. The track was written by Antonina Armato and Scott Cutler and produced by Denny Diante. It features guest vocals from the singer's then-boyfriend Don Johnson, who had previously collaborated with Streisand on her 1988 single \\\"Till I Loved You\\\". The physical release of \\\"What\",\n \"title\": \"What Were We Thinking Of\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5834703\",\n \"text\": \"of Adolf Hitler\\\". She talked mostly about Hitler's childhood and refused to be drawn on political questions. Footage from this and a contemporary interview with Peter Morley was included in the 2005 television documentary \\\"The Hitler Family\\\" (original German title \\\"Familie Hitler. Im Schatten des Diktators\\\"), directed by Oliver Halmburger and Thomas Staehler. Paula died on 1 June 1960, at the age of 64, the last surviving member of Hitler's immediate family. She was buried in the Bergfriedhof in Berchtesgaden/Schönau under the name Paula Hitler. In June 2005, the wooden grave marker and remains were reportedly removed and replaced with\",\n \"title\": \"Paula Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19972616\",\n \"text\": \"Hunting Hitler Hunting Hitler is a History Channel television series based on the hypothetical premise that if Adolf Hitler escaped from the \\\"Führerbunker\\\" in Berlin at the end of World War II, how might he had done so and where might he have gone. The show was conceived due to the recent declassification of FBI documents exploring whether Hitler might still be alive in the late 1940s. The original idea of the show was to investigate the claims to learn why they were made and whether surviving Nazis—particularly any of Hitler's right-hand men—escaped in a manner consistent with the loosely\",\n \"title\": \"Hunting Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19488718\",\n \"text\": \"of interest in fascism, coinciding with the 2016 United States presidential election. In February 2017, free copies of \\\"Secret Hitler\\\" were shipped to all 100 members of the United States Senate. \\\"The Trump Pack\\\", a booster pack for \\\"Secret Hitler\\\", which replaces the fascists' cards with Donald Trump and prominent members of his administration at the time (respectively Sean Spicer, Stephen Miller, Steve Bannon and Mike Pence), was released in June 2017, with all proceeds generated from the pack's sales donated to the American Civil Liberties Union. Secret Hitler Secret Hitler is a hidden identity party game developed by Goat,\",\n \"title\": \"Secret Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1619825\",\n \"text\": \"Third Reich. There were a few members of the Hitler Youth who privately disagreed with Nazi ideologies. For instance, Hans Scholl—the brother of Sophie Scholl and one of the leading figures of the anti-Nazi resistance movement \\\"Weiße Rose\\\" (White Rose)—was also a member of the Hitler Youth. On 1 May 1940, Artur Axmann was appointed deputy to Schirach, whom he succeeded as \\\"Reichsjugendführer\\\" of the Hitler Youth on 8 August 1940. Axmann began to reform the group into an auxiliary force which could perform war duties. The Hitler Youth became active in German fire brigades and assisted with recovery efforts\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12165747\",\n \"text\": \"pension and her modest estate of about 2,000 Kronen, after the medical and funeral costs were paid. Klara was buried in Leonding. Hitler had a close relationship with his mother during her lifetime. He was crushed by her death and carried the grief for the rest of his life. Speaking of Hitler, Bloch later recalled that after Klara's death he had never seen \\\"anyone so prostrate with grief\\\". Hitler wrote years later that his mother's death was a \\\" 'dreadful blow' \\\". On 14 September 1903 Angela Hitler, Adolf's half-sister, married Leo Raubal (11 June 1879 – 10 August 1910),\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler family\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12498453\",\n \"text\": \"When he writes fully developed stories, he's abrasive, thought-provoking and explosively funny\\\". The book was \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\"'s book of the year. The Littlest Hitler The Littlest Hitler is a 2006 collection of short stories by Ryan Boudinot. The book has characters who have occupations such as drugstore workers and pharmacists. The short stories have things such a cannabalistic mother, serial killers, zombies and terrorists. The last story is called \\\"The Newholy\\\" which has to do with immigration. A \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" review says, \\\"Reminiscent of early Rick Moody or the short stories of Daniel Handler, each of Boudinot's 13 stories is\",\n \"title\": \"The Littlest Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5309576\",\n \"text\": \"tried to revive the tradition through Proclamation No. 58, s. 1998. Parents' Day Parents' Day is observed in South Korea (May 8) and in the United States (fourth Sunday of July). The South Korean designation was established in 1973, replacing the Mother's Day previously marked on May 8, and includes public and private celebrations. The United States day was created in 1994 under President Bill Clinton. June 1 has also been proclaimed as \\\"Global Day of Parents\\\" by the United Nations as a mark of appreciation for the commitment of parents towards their children. In the Philippines, while it is\",\n \"title\": \"Parents' Day\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12165752\",\n \"text\": \"Regiment 16 (1st Company of the List Regiment). Hitler's case was not exceptional as he was not the only Austrian soldier in the List Regiment. It is likely Hitler was accepted into the Bavarian army either simply because nobody had asked him whether he was a German citizen when he first volunteered or because the recruiting authorities were happy to accept any volunteer and simply did not care what Hitler's nationality was, or because he might have told the Bavarian authorities that he intended to become a German citizen. He served as a dispatch runner on the Western Front in\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler family\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12165744\",\n \"text\": \"admitted that Alois was 'awfully rough' with his wife [Klara] and 'hardly ever spoke a word to her at home.'\\\" If Hitler was in a bad mood, he picked on the older children or Klara herself, in front of the rest. After Alois and Alois Jr had a violent argument, Alois Jr left home at 14, and the elder Alois swore he would never give the boy a penny of inheritance beyond what the law required. Apparently Alois Jr's relations with his stepmother Klara were also strained. After working as an apprentice waiter in the Shelbourne Hotel in Dublin, Ireland,\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler family\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"905950\",\n \"text\": \"never to go to war with one another againe. In the mid- to late 1970s Kujau, an able amateur artist, turned to producing paintings which he claimed were by Hitler, who had been an amateur artist as a young man. Having found a market for his forged works, Kujau created Hitler paintings depicting subjects his buyers expressed interest in, such as cartoons, nudes and men in action—all subjects that Hitler never painted, nor would want to paint, according to Charles Hamilton, a handwriting expert and author of books on forgery. These paintings were often accompanied by small notes, purportedly from\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Diaries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"905939\",\n \"text\": \"Hitler Diaries The Hitler Diaries () were a series of sixty volumes of journals purportedly written by Adolf Hitler, but forged by Konrad Kujau between 1981 and 1983. The diaries were purchased in 1983 for 9.3 million Deutsche Marks (£2.33 million or $3.7 million) by the West German news magazine \\\"Stern\\\", which sold serialisation rights to several news organisations. One such publication, the British newspaper \\\"The Sunday Times\\\", asked their independent director, the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper, to authenticate the diaries; he pronounced them genuine. At the press conference to announce the publication, Trevor-Roper announced that he had changed his mind,\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Diaries\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6072334\",\n \"text\": \"and political leaders. In response, Hitler purged the entire SA leadership in the Night of the Long Knives, which took place from 30 June to 2 July 1934. Hitler targeted Ernst Röhm and other SA leaders who, along with a number of Hitler's political adversaries (such as Gregor Strasser and former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher), were rounded up, arrested, and shot. While the international community and some Germans were shocked by the murders, many in Germany believed Hitler was restoring order. On 2 August 1934, Hindenburg died. The previous day, the cabinet had enacted the \\\"Law Concerning the Highest State\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6072322\",\n \"text\": \"the trial of two Reichswehr officers, Lieutenants Richard Scheringer and Hans Ludin, in late 1930. Both were charged with membership in the NSDAP, at that time illegal for Reichswehr personnel. The prosecution argued that the NSDAP was an extremist party, prompting defence lawyer Hans Frank to call on Hitler to testify. On 25 September 1930, Hitler testified that his party would pursue political power solely through democratic elections, which won him many supporters in the officer corps. Brüning's austerity measures brought little economic improvement and were extremely unpopular. Hitler exploited this by targeting his political messages specifically at people who\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1619819\",\n \"text\": \"members from all over Germany would converge for the annual Nazi Party rally. Since the HJ and BDM were considered fully \\\"Aryan\\\" organizations by Nazi officials, premarital sex was actually encouraged in their ranks. The Hitler Youth maintained training academies comparable to preparatory schools, which were designed to nurture future Nazi Party leaders. The Hitler Youth also maintained several corps designed to develop future officers for the Wehrmacht (Armed Forces). The corps offered specialised foundational training for each of the specific arms for which the member was ultimately destined. The Marine Hitler Youth (Marine-HJ), for example, served as an auxiliary\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16162804\",\n \"text\": \"and spread of an ideological virus, would do well to see \\\"The Hitler Gang\\\".\\\" Bosley Crowther of \\\"The New York Times\\\" cautioned that \\\"the emphasis in this picture is so heavily upon the 'Hitler gang' and upon the inside intrigues by which it gained and held its power, that the impression conveyed is that these leaders are entirely responsible for the Nazi state. … It means that the grave responsibility of the German citizens for what they have allowed has been neatly tossed onto the shoulders of a few ruffians, Army officers and industrialists.\\\" Kurt Schwitters incorporated a newspaper advertisement\",\n \"title\": \"The Hitler Gang\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3844665\",\n \"text\": \"more promising future. Evidence of Hitler's disdain for Weimar's cultural and social decadence appears on multiple occasions in \\\"Mein Kampf\\\". In his seminal tome, he expresses an ultra-conservatism: Hitler raved against what he considered to be tasteless and morally destructive art on display throughout Germany in \\\"Mein Kampf\\\", calling some of it morbid and declaring that \\\"people would have benefited by not visiting them at all.\\\" Convinced that it was necessary to show the German people what comprised, \\\"degenerate art\\\" so as to protect them in the future, Hitler arranged for a formally commissioned exhibit in July 1937 of specially\",\n \"title\": \"Political views of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3844664\",\n \"text\": \"opinions about sexuality amid the Nazis led to extreme homophobia which resulted in the systematic persecution of homosexuals. Hitler and his paladins also controlled what constituted acceptable artistic expression in Nazi Germany, abolishing what they considered to be \\\"degenerate art\\\". The Nazis strongly discouraged, and in some cases outright rejected the following behaviors: the use of cosmetics, premarital sex, prostitution, pornography, sexual vices, smoking, and excessive drinking. In many ways, there was a distinct Anti-intellectualism present within Nazi philosophy. Hearkening back to a simpler time, Hitler and the Nazis attempted to vindicate the glorious past as the key to a\",\n \"title\": \"Political views of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12835218\",\n \"text\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War: How Britain Lost Its Empire and the West Lost the World, is a book by Patrick J. Buchanan, published in May 2008. Buchanan argues that both world wars were unnecessary and that the British Empire's decision to fight in them was disastrous for the world. One of Buchanan's express purposes is to undermine what he describes as a \\\"Churchill cult\\\" in America's élite and so he focuses particularly on how Winston Churchill helped Britain get into wars with Germany in 1914 and again in 1939. Buchanan cites many\",\n \"title\": \"Churchill, Hitler and the Unnecessary War\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15188296\",\n \"text\": \"speech is finished, Hitler returns to the group awaiting him and gets their reports about the peoples' reaction to the speech, all of them telling him it was outstanding, even calling Hitler an artist. Hitler then talks to Röhm alone about how they were so close to each other, but now that he is so busy running the country and doesn't have the time anymore to talk about the \\\"good old days\\\" with one of his trusted friends. Hitler then decides to get away from his political life for the day. And so Röhm decides to train Hitler on everything\",\n \"title\": \"My Friend Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7888528\",\n \"text\": \"I've always kept the Party aloof from religious questions.\\\" According to \\\"Table Talk\\\", Hitler believed that Jesus' true Christian teachings had been corrupted by the apostle St Paul, who had transformed them into a kind of Jewish Bolshevism, which Hitler believed preached \\\"the equality of all men amongst themselves, and their obedience to an only god. This is what caused the death of the Roman Empire.\\\" In \\\"Table Talk\\\", Hitler praised Julian the Apostate's \\\"Three Books Against the Galilaeans\\\", an anti-Christian tract from AD 362, in the entry dated 21 October 1941, stating: \\\"When one thinks of the opinions held\",\n \"title\": \"Religious views of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7888525\",\n \"text\": \"the world by Christianity.\\\" Transcripts contained in \\\"Table Talk\\\" have Hitler expressing faith that science would wear away religion. On 14 October 1941, in an entry concerning the fate of Christianity, Hitler says: \\\"Science cannot lie, for it's always striving, according to the momentary state of knowledge, to deduce what is true. When it makes a mistake, it does so in good faith. It's Christianity that's the liar. It's in perpetual conflict with itself.\\\" Religion will crumble before scientific advances, says Hitler: \\\"The dogma of Christianity gets worn away before the advances of science. Religion will have to make more\",\n \"title\": \"Religious views of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7126320\",\n \"text\": \"to 1913. It first appeared in \\\"Cut\\\", a Scottish arts and culture magazine and became instantly controversial, and some accused Morrison of being a Nazi due to his use of Hitler in what was essentially a humorous story. \\\"Cut\\\" ceased publication before the entire strip was published, but \\\"The New Adventures of Hitler\\\" was printed in its entirety in \\\"Crisis\\\" in 1990. \\\"Crisis\\\" was a spin-off from \\\"2000 AD\\\" which printed more adult-oriented work and \\\"The New Adventures of Hitler\\\" fit in with the themes of the magazine. However the controversy which had surrounded the story in \\\"Cut\\\" continued with\",\n \"title\": \"The New Adventures of Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16476445\",\n \"text\": \"history.\\\" Ian Kershaw relates the story in his 2008 \\\"Hitler: A Biography\\\". Kershaw felt that Kubizek had been helped in creating his book by a ghostwriter. He considers the story of Stefanie exaggerated, writing, \\\"There can be little doubt that Kubizek greatly embellishes what was at most a passing juvenile infatuation.\\\" However, Kershaw concludes that although Kubizek's book has weaknesses it also has intrinsic value as a portrait of the young Hitler. Frederic Spotts in his 2009 \\\"Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics\\\" notes that no documentation or sources other than Kubizek's book provide any substantiation for the alleged infatuation.\",\n \"title\": \"Adolf Hitler and Stefanie Rabatsch\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3844743\",\n \"text\": \"negotiate a surrender; Hitler considered this treason. During the afternoon his anger and bitterness escalated into a rage against Himmler. Hitler ordered Himmler's arrest and had Hermann Fegelein (Himmler's SS representative at Hitler's headquarters) shot. By this time, the Red Army had advanced to the Potsdamer Platz, and all indications were that they were preparing to storm the Chancellery. This report, combined with Himmler's treachery, prompted Hitler to make the last decisions of his life. After midnight on 29 April, Hitler married Eva Braun in a small civil ceremony in a map room within the \\\"Führerbunker\\\". Afterwards Hitler hosted a\",\n \"title\": \"Death of Adolf Hitler\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5718109\",\n \"text\": \"2004 they can also get a hyphenated name, but only if both parents kept their birth names at least as one part of their new name. Children usually get their father's surname, but hyphenated names are becoming more common. Couples of the same sex are not allowed to marry in Hungary, so they cannot legally use each other's names unless they change their names through a deed of change of name. When a woman takes her husband's name in the traditional way, as in \\\"Petőfi Sándorné\\\", her female first name no longer forms part of her official name, yet this\",\n \"title\": \"Hungarian names\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11284967\",\n \"text\": \"in the name of language reformer Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. Serbian names This article features the naming culture of personal names of ethnic Serbs and the Serbian language. Serbian names are rendered in the \\\"Western name order\\\" with the surname placed after the given name. \\\"Eastern name order\\\" may be used when multiple names appear in a sorted list, particularly in official notes and legal documents when the last name is capitalized (e.g. MILOVANOVIĆ Janko). As with most European cultures, a child is given a first name chosen by their parents or is chosen by godparents. The given name comes first,\",\n \"title\": \"Serbian names\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11284960\",\n \"text\": \"Serbian names This article features the naming culture of personal names of ethnic Serbs and the Serbian language. Serbian names are rendered in the \\\"Western name order\\\" with the surname placed after the given name. \\\"Eastern name order\\\" may be used when multiple names appear in a sorted list, particularly in official notes and legal documents when the last name is capitalized (e.g. MILOVANOVIĆ Janko). As with most European cultures, a child is given a first name chosen by their parents or is chosen by godparents. The given name comes first, the surname last, e.g. \\\"Željko Popović\\\", where \\\"Željko\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"Serbian names\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16096723\",\n \"text\": \"Order Number 8842, the Hitler Youth conspiracy began in January 1938. The commissar of the NKVD gave an order to find and arrest a group of young people who were alleged to have formed a branch of the Hitler Youth and were planning acts of sabotage and an assassination. They were also accused of praising Adolf Hitler. Department 4 of the Main Directorate of State Security under the NKVD handled secret political affairs and took care of the administration of the case; Department 7, which handled foreign intelligence, implemented the orders. Those carrying out the arrests were directed to reach\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth conspiracy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16096718\",\n \"text\": \"Hitler Youth conspiracy The Hitler Youth conspiracy was a case investigated by the Soviet secret police, during the Great Purge in the late 1930s. Essentially a theory in search of evidence, it nonetheless resulted in the arrest of numerous German teenagers and some in their twenties and beyond, who were accused of having been fascist, anti-communist members of the Hitler Youth and of working against the Soviet Union. Teenagers from the Karl Liebknecht School, from Children's Home No. 6, and adults from factories and elsewhere were arrested, tortured and imprisoned. Many were executed or died in custody. Some were the\",\n \"title\": \"Hitler Youth conspiracy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16116189\",\n \"text\": \"What Were You Hoping For? What Were You Hoping For? is the third studio album by American recording artist Van Hunt, released September 27, 2011, on his independent label Godless Hotspot in a joint venture with distributor Thirty Tigers. It is the follow-up to Hunt's 2006 album \\\"On the Jungle Floor\\\" and follows a period of label conflict and mainstream obscurity for Hunt. Recording sessions for the album took place primarily at Santa Fe Tracking Station in Los Angeles, where Hunt applied a minimalist recording approach and worked with a backing band comprising drummer Ruth Price, percussionist Melissa Mattey, and\",\n \"title\": \"What Were You Hoping For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15281065\",\n \"text\": \"August 2012. What If We Were Real What If We Were Real is the fourth studio album by CCM singer Mandisa. The album was released on April 5, 2011 on Sparrow Records. This album received a nomination at 54th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album. Mandisa began work on the album in July 2010. She also co-wrote three songs on the album. The album also features a guest appearance from tobyMac on the song \\\"Good Morning\\\". The first single off of the album was \\\"Stronger\\\". It peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart and as\",\n \"title\": \"What If We Were Real\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15281063\",\n \"text\": \"What If We Were Real What If We Were Real is the fourth studio album by CCM singer Mandisa. The album was released on April 5, 2011 on Sparrow Records. This album received a nomination at 54th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album. Mandisa began work on the album in July 2010. She also co-wrote three songs on the album. The album also features a guest appearance from tobyMac on the song \\\"Good Morning\\\". The first single off of the album was \\\"Stronger\\\". It peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart and as of August\",\n \"title\": \"What If We Were Real\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["alois hitler","klara hitler"],"string":"[\n \"alois hitler\",\n \"klara hitler\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2196,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the first pope of the catholic church?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12174255","text":"Council of Trent four centuries before. According to Catholic tradition, the Catholic Church was founded by Jesus Christ. The New Testament records Jesus' activities and teaching, his appointment of the twelve Apostles, and his instructions to them to continue his work. The Catholic Church teaches that the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, in an event known as Pentecost, signaled the beginning of the public ministry of the Church. Catholics hold that Saint Peter was Rome's first bishop and the consecrator of Linus as its next bishop, thus starting the unbroken line which includes the current pontiff, Pope","title":"History of the Catholic Church"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174255\",\n \"text\": \"Council of Trent four centuries before. According to Catholic tradition, the Catholic Church was founded by Jesus Christ. The New Testament records Jesus' activities and teaching, his appointment of the twelve Apostles, and his instructions to them to continue his work. The Catholic Church teaches that the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, in an event known as Pentecost, signaled the beginning of the public ministry of the Church. Catholics hold that Saint Peter was Rome's first bishop and the consecrator of Linus as its next bishop, thus starting the unbroken line which includes the current pontiff, Pope\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2447500","text":"to refer to the Pope, and belief that he can make infallible pronouncements have been subject to criticism by other Christian denominations. In Catholic theology, papal infallibility is the dogma that the Pope is preserved from error when he solemnly promulgated, or declared, to the Church solely on faith or morals. This doctrine has a long history, but was not defined dogmatically until the First Vatican Council of 1870. In Catholic theology, papal infallibility was one of the channels of the Infallibility of the Church. The Church teaches that the Papal infallibility on limited theological matters does not signify that","title":"Criticism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12174312","text":"worship of \"Reason\" but it never gained popularity. In this period, all monasteries were destroyed, 30,000 priests were exiled and hundreds more were killed. When Pope Pius VI sided against the revolution in the First Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Italy. The 82-year-old pope was taken as a prisoner to France in February 1799 and soon died. To win popular support for his rule, Napoleon re-established the Catholic Church in France through the Concordat of 1801. The church lands were never returned, however the priests and other religious were given salaries by the government, which maintained church properties through tax revenues.","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"2447501","text":"the Pope was a man specially exempt from liability to sin. Critics say that this statement is self-contradictory. Adherents of the Church believe that only the Church can interpret the scriptures in the Bible; the pope may be the final arbiter if there are differences. But according to the church's interpretation of 2 Peter, anyone can interpret the word of God (by His guidance). The Old Catholic Churches, organized in the Union of Ultrajectine Independent Catholic Churches, resisted Papal infallibility along with the First Vatican Council's dogma of Papal primacy of universal jurisdiction. Mandatory priestly celibacy first appeared for the","title":"Criticism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12174280","text":"The Western (Latin) branch of Christianity has since become known as the Catholic Church, while the Eastern (Greek) branch became known as the Orthodox Church. The Second Council of Lyon (1274) and the Council of Florence (1439) both failed to heal the schism. Some Eastern churches have since reunited with the Catholic Church, and others claim never to have been out of communion with the pope. Officially, the two churches remain in schism, although excommunications were mutually lifted in 1965. The 11th century saw the Investiture Controversy between Emperor and Pope over the right to make church appointments, the first","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12174354","text":"the Orthodox Eastern Catholic Churches, involving the return of expropriated properties of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which the Orthodox Church took over after World War II at the request of Joseph Stalin. With the election of Pope Francis in 2013, following the resignation of Benedict, Francis is the current and first Jesuit pope, the first pope from the Americas, and the first from the Southern Hemisphere. Since his election to the papacy, he has displayed a simpler and less formal approach to the office, choosing to reside in the Vatican guesthouse rather than the papal residence. He has signalled numerous","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"2447468","text":"Eastern Catholic branches of the Catholic Church. The Church maintains that it \"has a duty to evangelize; it is also its inalienable right\". In 1998, Pope John Paul II apologized for past actions by Nazi 'Protestant Christians' that caused suffering to the Jewish people, calling them \"our elder brothers\" in the faith. Critics reply that Pope Benedict XVI was a member of Hitler Youth, a paramilitary organization of the German Nazi Party, although membership was required by law for all 14-year-old German boys after December 1939. There was also controversy over Pope Benedict allowing a wider use of the Tridentine","title":"Criticism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"2575562","text":"religious worship. After reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands in 1853 by Pope Pius IX, the breakaway Church of Utrecht adopted the name \"Old Catholic Church\" to distinguish itself from the newly created Roman hierarchy by its seniority in the Netherlands. In 1870 the First Vatican Council was convened, and the bishops of the Church of Utrecht were not invited because they were not seen as being in communion with the Holy See. At the First Vatican Council, papal primacy in jurisdiction and the Catholic dogma of papal infallibility were defined, to the objection of the Old Catholic","title":"Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands"},{"psg_id":"7541787","text":"in Karaganda. Pope John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Kazakhstan in the country's history in 2001. In 2003, John Paul II elevated Astana to an archdiocese and Almaty to a diocese. In 2006, Catholic priests were ordained for the first time ever in the country. In 2008, the Church in the former Soviet republic of Kazakhstan affirmed its Asiatic identity when its episcopal conference was formally accepted into the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences. Catholic Church in Kazakhstan The Catholic Church in Kazakhstan is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the pope","title":"Catholic Church in Kazakhstan"},{"psg_id":"2447465","text":"Pope; see Petrine theory.). The Catholic Church likewise teaches that the \"true Church of Jesus Christ ... is the One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church\", and that \"the Mystical Body of Christ and the Roman Catholic Church are one and the same thing\". It is also Catholic teaching that the one Church of Christ is present and operative also in those Churches that are not in full communion with the Catholic Church but that have preserved apostolic succession and a valid Eucharist and are therefore true particular Churches; and that the members of the ecclesial communities that lack apostolic","title":"Criticism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12174353","text":"of Pope Benedict XVI in 2005, the Church has so far seen largely a continuation of the policies of his predecessor, Pope John Paul II, with some notable exceptions: Benedict decentralized beatifications and reverted the decision of his predecessor regarding papal elections. In 2007, he set a Church record by approving the beatification of 498 Spanish Martyrs. His first encyclical \"Deus caritas est\" discussed love and sex in continued opposition to several other views on sexuality. Catholic attempts to improve ecumenical relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church have been complicated by disputes over both doctrine and the recent history of","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"2575561","text":"mandate, four more bishops for the independent Ultrajectine church, which would become known as \"Old Catholic\" after 1853. Petrus Johannes Meindaerts, after his consecration by Varlet without a papal mandate in 1739, consecrated bishops to the suppressed dioceses of Deventer, Haarlem, and The apostolic vicariate was reduced to a mission \"sui iuris\" by Pope Benedict XIII in 1727. Most Dutch Catholics nevertheless continued to follow the pope, first under missionary administrative structures and, from 1853, under the reestablished episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands, when Catholics were permitted to worship publicly after two and a half centuries of secret and private","title":"Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands"},{"psg_id":"5158161","text":"Sign of the times (Catholic Church) Sign of the times is a phrase strongly associated with the Catholic Church in the era of the Second Vatican Council of the 1960s. It was taken to mean that the church should listen to, and learn from, the world around it. In other words, it should learn to read the 'sign(s) of the times'. This phrase, though it comes from the Gospel of Matthew was used in a somewhat novel way by Pope John XXIII when he convoked the council, in the statement \"Humanae Salutis\". It came to signify a new understanding that","title":"Sign of the times (Catholic Church)"},{"psg_id":"2447476","text":"infections are at epidemic proportions. The Church maintains that countries like Kenya where behavioral changes like abstinence are endorsed instead of condom use, are experiencing greater progress towards controlling the disease than those countries just promoting condoms. The Catholic Church maintains its opposition towards artificial means of birth control. Some Catholic Church members and non-members criticize this belief as contributing to overpopulation and poverty. Pope Paul VI reaffirmed the Church's position in his 1968 encyclical \"Humanae vitae\" (Human Life). In this encyclical, the Pope acknowledges the realities of modern life as well as the questions and challenges these raise. Furthermore,","title":"Criticism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13915005","text":"this book is \"an invaluable contribution to understanding the Catholic Church and the Holocaust.\" Phayer's main thesis, says Krieg, is that Pius XII privately helped Jews only to the extent that his efforts did not jeopardize two priorities in his foreign policy: The Catholic Church and the Holocaust The Catholic Church and the Holocaust (1930–1965) is a book written by American historian Michael Phayer on the topic of Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust. It was published in 2000. Harvard professor Stanley Hoffmann considered it \"a comprehensive and deeply disturbing volume\" which \"describes in detail Pope Pius XII's preference for","title":"The Catholic Church and the Holocaust"},{"psg_id":"13909698","text":"Churches. The Catholic Church regards abortion as a 'moral evil'. Abortion was condemned by the Church as early as the first century, again in the fourteenth century and again in 1995 with Pope John Paul II's encyclical \"Evangelium Vitae (Gospel of Life)\". This encyclical condemned the \"culture of death\" which the pope often used to describe the societal embrace of contraception, abortion, euthanasia, suicide, capital punishment, and genocide. Women constitute the great majority of members of the consecrated life within the church. Catholic women have played diverse roles, with religious institutes providing a formal space for their participation and convents","title":"Women in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"1596316","text":"Catechism of the Catholic Church The Catechism of the Catholic Church (; commonly called the Catechism or the CCC) is a catechism promulgated for the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1992. It sums up, in book form, the beliefs of the Catholic faithful. A catechism ( /ˈkætəˌkizəm/; from Greek: κατηχέω, \"to teach orally\") is a summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments traditionally used in catechesis, or Christian religious teaching of children and adult converts. The decision to publish a catechism was taken at the Second Extraordinary General Assembly of","title":"Catechism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13501342","text":"the 1870s. The Catholic Church, an outspoken opponent of Liberalism, had opposed German unification under predominantly Protestant Prussian leadership, and the Prussian minister-president and German Chancellor Bismarck accused the Church of promoting nationalism among the Catholic Polish minority. Therefore, he regarded the Church as a threat to the newly founded empire, especially after establishment of a Catholic political party which became a strong opposition in parliament. The Liberals, particularly in light of new Catholic dogmas promulgated under Pope Pius IX at the First Vatican Council (1869-70), had always considered the Catholic Church as an enemy of progress. Laws enacted in","title":"History of the Catholic Church in Germany"},{"psg_id":"1596328","text":"Church teaching on the status of other religions, contraception and euthanasia, whether due to simple error or poor translations. Catechism of the Catholic Church The Catechism of the Catholic Church (; commonly called the Catechism or the CCC) is a catechism promulgated for the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1992. It sums up, in book form, the beliefs of the Catholic faithful. A catechism ( /ˈkætəˌkizəm/; from Greek: κατηχέω, \"to teach orally\") is a summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments traditionally used in catechesis, or Christian religious teaching of","title":"Catechism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13376086","text":"Catholic Church in the Bahamas The Catholic Church in the Bahamas is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Columbus landed on one of the islands of the Bahamas in 1492, where the first Mass was celebrated in the New World. The Catholic Church became organized in the Bahamas in the mid-19th century, and in the second part of the century US influence became even more important, so that in 1885 the islands — considered as part of the US diocese of Charleston since 1866 — were formally included in the Archdiocese","title":"Catholic Church in the Bahamas"},{"psg_id":"7589569","text":"McMahon OP, but like all the 1.2 billion Catholics on the planet, the Catholic churches on the Isle of Man pray, in communion with each other, and all religious, deacons, priests, and bishops, and with the successor of St. Peter, Pope Francis, who leads the Church established by Jesus Christ, in which alone the fullness of the truth subsists. Catholic Church in the Isle of Man The Catholic Church in the Isle of Man is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Although not part of the United Kingdom, for geopolitical reasons","title":"Catholic Church in the Isle of Man"},{"psg_id":"15371213","text":"Lists of leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church This is a list of Leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (formerly Ruthenia Catholic Church or Uniate Church). Note, due to historical circumstances (i.e. Russian occupation) first hierarchs of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church carried titles without mentioning of Kyiv. Although sometimes being referred to as primates out of all hierarchs only Mykhailo Levitsky officially carried the title of primate which was granted by the Austrian Emperor as the Primate of Galicia and Lodomeria, but not approved by the Pope of Rome. Following the Union of Brest, in the 16th","title":"Lists of leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13153157","text":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but most of the Spanish and French influences had faded by 1800. The Catholic Church grew through immigration, especially from Europe (Germany and Ireland at first, and in 1890-1914 from Italy, Poland and Eastern Europe.) In the nineteenth century the Church set up an elaborate infrastructure, based on diocese run by bishops appointed by the pope. Each diocese set up a network of parishes, schools, colleges, hospitals, orphanages and other charitable institutions. Many priests arrived from France and Ireland,","title":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"psg_id":"17402531","text":"world's 1.2 billion Catholics of what the Code itself calls the Latin Church. It has 7 books and 1,752 canons. Distinct from the canonical tradition of the Latin Church is the tradition of the Eastern Catholic Churches. The earliest Oriental canon law collections were called nomocanons, which were collections of both canon and civil law. In the early twentieth century, when Eastern Churches began to come back to full communion with the Holy See, Pope Benedict XV created the Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Church in order to preserve the rights and traditions of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Since the","title":"Legal history of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"18863901","text":"collegiality in the Catholic Church.\" Collegiality in the Catholic Church In the Roman Catholic Church, collegiality refers to \"the Pope governing the Church in collaboration with the bishops of the local Churches, respecting their proper autonomy.\" In the early church the popes exercised moral authority rather than administrative power, and that authority was relatively limited; regional churches elected their own bishops, resolved disputes in local synods, and only felt the need to appeal to the Pope under special circumstances. During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the papacy amassed considerable power, as monastic reformers saw it as a way to counter","title":"Collegiality in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13915004","text":"The Catholic Church and the Holocaust The Catholic Church and the Holocaust (1930–1965) is a book written by American historian Michael Phayer on the topic of Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust. It was published in 2000. Harvard professor Stanley Hoffmann considered it \"a comprehensive and deeply disturbing volume\" which \"describes in detail Pope Pius XII's preference for quiet diplomacy with Hitler and his regime, his anxiety about the Catholic Church's fate, his solicitude for Germany's Catholics, and his conviction that communism posed a greater threat than did Nazism\". According to Robert A. Krieg, from the University of Notre Dame,","title":"The Catholic Church and the Holocaust"},{"psg_id":"4911883","text":"Second Vatican Council's document \"Lumen gentium\", states: \"The \"pope\", Bishop of Rome and Peter's successor, 'is the perpetual and visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful.'\" Communion with the bishop of Rome has become such a significant identifier of Catholic identity that at times the Catholic Church has been known in its entirety as \"Roman Catholic,\" though this is inaccurate in Catholic theology (ecclesiology). Three other of the pope's offices stem directly from his office as bishop of the Church of Rome. As the Latin Church owes its","title":"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"8051725","text":"practice of Eucharistic adoration, and exposition of the Blessed Sacrament. In the opening prayer of the Perpetual chapel in St. Peter Basilica Pope John Paul II prayed for a perpetual adoration chapel in every parish in the world. Pope Benedict XVI instituted perpetual adoration for the laity in each of the five districts of the Diocese of Rome. Eucharist in the Catholic Church The Eucharist in the Catholic Church is celebrated as \"the source and summit\" of the Christian life. The Eucharist is consecrated daily (except on Good Friday, when consecration takes place on Maundy Thursday, but is distributed during","title":"Eucharist in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"4911884","text":"identity and development to its origins in the liturgical, juridical, and theological patrimony of Rome, the bishop of Rome is de facto the patriarch of the Latin Church. According to Pope Benedict XVI, there has been much 'confusion' between the pope's primacy as patriarch of the western church and his primacy as first patriarch among equals, that this \"failure to distinguish\" between the roles and responsibilities of these two distinct positions leads in time to the \"extreme centralization of the Catholic Church\" and the schism between East and West. As the first local Church of Italy, the bishop of Rome","title":"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12174355","text":"dramatic changes in policy as well—for example removing conservatives from high Vatican positions, calling on bishops to lead a simpler life, and taking a more pastoral attitude towards homosexuality. History of the Catholic Church According to tradition, the history of the Catholic Church begins with Jesus Christ and his teachings (c. 4 BC – c. AD 30) and the Catholic Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by Jesus. The Church considers its bishops to be the successors to Jesus's apostles and the Church's leader, the Bishop of Rome (also known as the Pope) to be the","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13376092","text":"2004, the diocese contains 30 parishes, 15 active diocesan priests, 14 religious priests, and 48,000 Catholics. It also has 28 Women Religious, 14 Religious Brothers, and 13 permanent deacons. Catholics make up 19% of population. \"This article incorporates text from the entry \"The Bahama Islands\" in the public-domain \"Catholic Encyclopedia\" of 1907.\" Catholic Church in the Bahamas The Catholic Church in the Bahamas is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Columbus landed on one of the islands of the Bahamas in 1492, where the first Mass was celebrated in the New","title":"Catholic Church in the Bahamas"},{"psg_id":"14124355","text":"Some officially returned to the Catholic Church, while others remained apart from the Catholic Church and have stayed as Hanare Kirishitan, retaining their own traditional beliefs and their descendants asserting that they keep their ancestors' religion. However, it became difficult for them to keep their community and rituals, so they have converted to Buddhism or Shinto eventually. When Pope John Paul II visited Nagasaki in 1981, he baptized some young people from Kakure Kirishitan families – a rare occurrence. History of the Catholic Church in Japan Christian missionaries arrived with Francis Xavier and the Jesuits in the 1540s and briefly","title":"History of the Catholic Church in Japan"},{"psg_id":"12174347","text":"theologian Leonardo Boff was twice ordered to cease publishing and teaching. While Pope John Paul II was criticized for his severity in dealing with proponents of the movement, he maintained that the Church, in its efforts to champion the poor, should not do so by resorting to violence or partisan politics. The movement is still alive in Latin America today, though the Church now faces the challenge of Pentecostal revival in much of the region. The sexual revolution of the 1960s brought challenging issues for the Church. Pope Paul VI's 1968 encyclical \"Humanae Vitae\" reaffirmed the Catholic Church's traditional view","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12305202","text":"History of the Catholic Church since 1962 Post Vatican II history of the Catholic Church includes the recent history of the Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council. In the aftermath of World War II, religious existence came under fire from communist governments in Eastern Europe and China. Although some priests have since been exposed as collaborators, both the Church's official resistance and the leadership of Pope John Paul II are credited with helping to bring about the downfall of communist governments across Europe in 1991. The Church policies after World War II under Pope Pius XII focused on material","title":"History of the Catholic Church since 1962"},{"psg_id":"12207103","text":"Mother of the Church In Roman Catholic Mariology, Mother of the Church (in Latin Mater Ecclesiae) is a title, officially given to Mary during the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI. The title was first used in the 4th century by Saint Ambrose of Milan, as rediscovered by Hugo Rahner. The title \"Mother of the Church\" was used by Pope Benedict XIV in 1748 and then by Pope Leo XIII in 1885. The title was also used by Pope John Paul II and is also found in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Pope John Paul II stated that","title":"Mother of the Church"},{"psg_id":"4911892","text":"by a major archbishop. The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church uses the title \"Catholicos\" for their major archbishop. With few exceptions, the authority of a major archbishop in his \"sui iuris\" Church is equivalent to that of a patriarch in his Church. This less prestigious office was established in 1963 for those Eastern Catholic Churches which have developed in size and stability to allow full self-governance if historical, ecumenical, or political conditions do not allow their elevation to a patriarchate. At present, there are four major archbishops: Cardinals are princes of the Church appointed by the Pope. He generally chooses bishops who","title":"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13887791","text":"marked a profound transformation of the Catholic Church in the United States. Religion became a divisive issue during the presidential campaign of 1960. Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts was vying to become the nation's first Catholic president, Using his base of support among urban Catholics. A key factor that was hurting Kennedy in his campaign was the widespread prejudice against his Roman Catholic religion; some Protestants believed that, if he were elected President, Kennedy would have to take orders from the Pope in Rome. When offered the opportunity to speak before a convention of Baptist ministers, decided to try","title":"20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"psg_id":"12000898","text":"Creed is a part of Sunday liturgy. Because many Protestant Churches have retained the older versions of the Creed, ecumenical working groups are meeting to discuss the Creed as the basis for better understandings of dogma. Dogma in the Catholic Church In the Catholic Church, a dogma is a definitive article of faith \"(de fide)\" that has been solemnly promulgated by the college of bishops at an ecumenical council or by the pope when speaking in a statement \"ex cathedra\", in which the magisterium of the Church presents a particular doctrine as necessary for the belief of all Catholic faithful.","title":"Dogma in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12000878","text":"Dogma in the Catholic Church In the Catholic Church, a dogma is a definitive article of faith \"(de fide)\" that has been solemnly promulgated by the college of bishops at an ecumenical council or by the pope when speaking in a statement \"ex cathedra\", in which the magisterium of the Church presents a particular doctrine as necessary for the belief of all Catholic faithful. For example, Christian dogma states that the resurrection of Jesus Christ is the basic truth from which salvation and life is derived for Christians. Dogmas regulate the language, the truth of the resurrection is to be","title":"Dogma in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"3012252","text":"States. In 1854, Pope Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted from 1851 to 1853, proclaimed the Immaculate Conception as a Dogma in the Catholic Church. In 1870, the First Vatican Council affirmed the doctrine of papal infallibility when exercised in specifically defined pronouncements. Controversy over this and other issues resulted in a breakaway movement called the Old Catholic Church. The Italian unification of the 1860s incorporated the Papal States, including Rome itself from 1870, into the Kingdom of Italy, thus ending the papacy's millennial temporal power. Pope Pius IX rejected","title":"Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13868855","text":"25 January 1983. It includes numerous reforms and alterations in Church law and Church discipline for the Latin Church. It replaced the 1917 version issued by Benedict XV. The Catholic Church initiated a comprehensive process of reform under Pope John XXIII. Intended as a continuation of the First Vatican Council, the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), developed into an engine of modernisation, making pronouncements on religious freedom, the nature of the Church and the mission of the laity. The role of the bishops of the Church was brought into renewed prominence, especially when seen collectively, as a college that has succeeded","title":"Catholic Church in the 20th century"},{"psg_id":"4911877","text":"of doctrine, the priests of sacred worship and the ministers of governance\" and \"represent the Church.\" In the year 2012, there were 5,133 Catholic bishops; at the end of 2014, there were 5,237 Catholic bishops. The Pope himself is a bishop (the bishop of Rome) and traditionally uses the title \"Venerable Brother\" when writing formally to another bishop. The typical role of a bishop is to provide pastoral governance for a diocese. Bishops who fulfill this function are known as diocesan ordinaries, because they have what canon law calls ordinary (i.e. not delegated) authority for a diocese. These bishops may","title":"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"4911903","text":"of the whole Church (cf. \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\", 886). As each local particular Church is an embodiment of the whole Catholic Church, not just an administrative subdivision of something larger, the bishop who is its head is not a delegate of the Pope. Instead, he has of himself primary teaching, governance and sanctifying responsibility for the see for which he has been ordained bishop. Within each diocese, even if the Eucharist is celebrated by another bishop, the necessary communion with the Bishop of the diocese is signified by the mention of his name. In Eastern eparchies the name","title":"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"8020475","text":"Catholic Church in the United Kingdom The Catholic Church in the United Kingdom is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope. While there is no ecclesiastical jurisdiction corresponding to the political union, this article refers to the Catholic Church's geographical representation in the United Kingdom as well as Northern Ireland, ever since the establishment of the U.K.'s predecessor Kingdom of Great Britain by the Union of the Crowns in 1707. For the Catholic Church in the British Isles before 1707, including during the Protestant Reformation, see: Starting with Pope Pius V's Papal Bull \"Regnans in Excelsis\"","title":"Catholic Church in the United Kingdom"},{"psg_id":"12758050","text":"Catholic Church in Guam The Catholic Church in the United States unincorporated territory of Guam is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome and locally administered by the Archdiocese of Agaña. Catholicism on the island was a product of centuries of Spanish colonial control as the island was part of the Spanish East Indies until 1898, when the United States acquired it after the Spanish–American War. On October 14, 1965, the vicariate apostolic was raised to a diocese. The first supreme pontiff to visit the island was Pope John Paul II in","title":"Catholic Church in Guam"},{"psg_id":"12174321","text":"monasteries and churches. Before the council, in 1854 Pope Pius IX with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic Bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851–1853, proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Eight years earlier, in 1846, the Pope had granted the unanimous wish of the bishops from the United States, and declared the Immaculata the patron of the USA. During First Vatican Council, some 108 council fathers requested to add the words \"Immaculate Virgin\" to the Hail Mary. Some fathers requested, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception to be included in the Creed of the Church, which","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"18863892","text":"Collegiality in the Catholic Church In the Roman Catholic Church, collegiality refers to \"the Pope governing the Church in collaboration with the bishops of the local Churches, respecting their proper autonomy.\" In the early church the popes exercised moral authority rather than administrative power, and that authority was relatively limited; regional churches elected their own bishops, resolved disputes in local synods, and only felt the need to appeal to the Pope under special circumstances. During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the papacy amassed considerable power, as monastic reformers saw it as a way to counter corrupt bishops while bishops saw","title":"Collegiality in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"2447502","text":"Spanish clergy at the Synod of Elvira in 306-306. This was reinforced by the pope in the Directa Decretal in 385, which stated that it was derived from the Apostles. Mandatory celibacy was written into law for the entire clergy as a result of the Second Lateran Council in 1139. The Catholic Church's requirement of a vow of celibacy from Latin Church priests (while allowing very limited individual exceptions) is criticized for differing from Protestant changes issuing from the Protestant Reformation, which apply no limitations, and even from the practice of the ancient Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches.","title":"Criticism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"10492908","text":"the feast is directly after the Solemnity of SS Peter and Paul, who are the principal patron saints of Rome. The subsequent martyrs are associated with this patronage. The feast day was formerly occupied with a Commemoration of St. Paul, and fell in the Octave of SS Peter and Paul. First Martyrs of the Church of Rome The First Martyrs of the Church of Rome were Christians martyred in the city of Rome during Nero's persecution in 64. The event is recorded by both Tacitus and Pope Clement I, among others. They are celebrated in the Roman Catholic Church as","title":"First Martyrs of the Church of Rome"},{"psg_id":"12174296","text":"sided with and became financial supporters of the Catholic League. This ended under Pope Clement VIII, who hesitantly accepted King Henry IV's 1598 Edict of Nantes, which granted civil and religious toleration to Protestants. The English Reformation was ostensibly based on Henry VIII's desire for annulment of his marriage with Catherine of Aragon, and was initially more of a political, and later a theological dispute. The Acts of Supremacy made the English monarch head of the English church thereby establishing the Church of England. Then, beginning in 1536, some 825 monasteries throughout England, Wales and Ireland were dissolved and Catholic","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"9468806","text":"The Catholic Church has always taught that bishops are descended from a continuous line of bishops since the days of the apostles, which is known as apostolic succession. Since 1896, when Pope Leo XIII issued the bull \"Apostolicae curae\", the Catholic Church has not recognised Anglican orders as valid, because of changes in the ordination rites that took place in the 16th century as well as divergence in the understanding of the theology of episcopacy and Eucharist. However, this view has since been complicated because Old Catholic bishops, whose orders are fully recognised as valid by Rome, have acted as","title":"Bishop in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"5515917","text":"Rome. Some sources suggest that it was Pope Marcellinus (died 304 AD), while other sources suggest that this did not happen until the 6th century, with Pope John I (523–526 AD) the first to assume this title. Bestowing the title on Rome's pontiff did not strip it from Alexandria's, and the Roman Catholic Church recognizes this. From the 6th century, the imperial chancery of Constantinople normally reserved this designation for the Bishop of Rome.[47] From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the Bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by","title":"Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria"},{"psg_id":"14123254","text":"impact on all of Latin America and on the Catholic Church, since it was explicitly atheist and Marxist in orientation and provided a model for other Latin American leftist revolutionaries to emulate. Pope John XXIII's call for a Second Vatican Council, bringing together Catholic clerics and instituting significant changes in the Catholic Church to increase the role of the laity, foster a less hierarchical church, and instill the need for social justice set off activity in Latin America as a whole and Brazil in particular. The Latin American Catholic Church became far more socially active. Increasing involvement in the education","title":"History of the Catholic Church in Brazil"},{"psg_id":"13153193","text":"with growing Irish domination of the Church. The Vatican grew alarmed in the 1890s, and the Pope issued an encyclical denouncing Americanism in theory. In \"Longinqua oceani\" (1895; “Wide Expanse of the Ocean”), Pope Leo XIII warned the American hierarchy not to export their unique system of separation of church and state. In 1898 he lamented an America where church and state are \"dissevered and divorced,\" and wrote of his preference for a closer relationship between the Catholic Church and the State. Finally, in his pastoral letter \"Testem benevolentiae\" (1899; “Witness to Our Benevolence”) to Cardinal James Gibbons, Pope Leo","title":"History of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"psg_id":"5158162","text":"the Church needed to attend more closely to the world if it was to remain faithful to its calling, and marked a significant shift in theological method. The phrase has continued to be used in papal encyclicals by every pope since then. Sign of the times (Catholic Church) Sign of the times is a phrase strongly associated with the Catholic Church in the era of the Second Vatican Council of the 1960s. It was taken to mean that the church should listen to, and learn from, the world around it. In other words, it should learn to read the 'sign(s)","title":"Sign of the times (Catholic Church)"},{"psg_id":"12919159","text":"Common Christological Declaration Between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East The Common Christological Declaration between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East was signed on November 11, 1994, by Pope John Paul II and Patriarch Dinkha IV. In this document the Assyrian and Catholic churches confessed the same doctrine concerning Christology (the divinity and humanity of Christ): The Word of God, second Person of the Holy Trinity, became incarnate by the power of the Holy Spirit in assuming from the holy Virgin Mary a body animated by a rational soul, with which he","title":"Common Christological Declaration Between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East"},{"psg_id":"7419647","text":"Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo The Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Of a population of 70,916,439, there are about 35 million Catholics in the country, representing about half of the total population There are six archdioceses and 41 dioceses. The largest of these is the Archdiocese of Kinshasa; the Vicar General of Kinshasa, Auxiliary Bishop Daniel Nlandu Mayi, is an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy For Life. The impact of the Catholic Church in the","title":"Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"psg_id":"13256728","text":"Saint Michael in the Catholic Church Saint Michael the Archangel is referenced in the Old Testament and has been part of Christian teachings since the earliest times. In Catholic writings and traditions he acts as the defender of the Church, and chief opponent of Satan; and assists souls at the hour of death. A widely used \"Prayer to Saint Michael\" was brought into official use by Pope Leo XIII in 1886 and was recommended by Pope John Paul II in 1994. The feast day of the archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael is September 29. The Catechism of the Catholic Church","title":"Saint Michael in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"2901384","text":"Catholic Church in France The Catholic Church in France is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome. Established in the 2nd century in unbroken communion with the bishop of Rome, it is sometimes called the \"eldest daughter of the church\". The first written records of Christians in France date from the 2nd century when Irenaeus detailed the deaths of ninety-year-old bishop Saint Pothinus of Lugdunum (Lyon) and other martyrs of the 177 AD persecution in Lyon. In 496 Remigius baptized King Clovis I, who therefore converted from paganism to Catholicism. In 800, Pope Leo","title":"Catholic Church in France"},{"psg_id":"2575557","text":"X's confirmation \"was providential\" in respect to the future schism. Forced into hiding as a result of the Protestant Reformation, the diocesan structures of the Catholic Church of the Netherlands were dissolved. The Holland Mission started when Pope Clement VIII erected the Apostolic Vicariate of Batavia in 1592. Eventually, the church obtained a comfortable enough status with the local authorities so as to allow it to practice Catholicism as long as this did not take place in public or semi-public buildings and areas. However, conflicts arose between Jesuit missionaries sent from Rome and the local clergy. This was augmented by","title":"Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands"},{"psg_id":"6878702","text":"position brought them into constant relation with the pope, and who resided in the papal palace, and by the highest prelates of the pope's personal suite. For long the \"cardinales palatini\" were: the cardinal prodatary, the Cardinal Secretary of State, the Cardinal Secretary of Briefs and the Cardinal secretary of Memorials. Pope Pius X (1903–1914) abolished the two last-mentioned positions, and Pope Paul VI abolished the Apostolic Dataria in 1967. The \"praelati palatini\" were: Palatinus in the Catholic Church Palatinus (plural: Palatini), Latin for \"palatial\", entered into designations for various ecclesiastical offices in the Catholic Church, primarily, of certain high","title":"Palatinus in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12757941","text":"mostly Catholic Tannese settlers wrote to the French government asking that the islands be claimed by France. The islands first native named bishop, Michel Visi, was named at April 12, 1997 and served till his death in 2007. An ambassador to the Holy See, Michel Rittie was chosen for the first time in 2003. Vanuatu sent a delegation of young people for the first time to World Youth Day 2008 when it was held in Sydney, Australia. Catholic Church in Vanuatu The Catholic Church in Vanuatu is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope","title":"Catholic Church in Vanuatu"},{"psg_id":"12174263","text":"teachers, known collectively as the Church Fathers. From the year 100 onward, proto-orthodox teachers like Ignatius of Antioch and Irenaeus defined Catholic teaching in stark opposition to other things, such as Gnosticism. In the first few centuries of its existence, the Church formed its teachings and traditions into a systematic whole under the influence of theological apologists such as Pope Clement I, Justin Martyr and Augustine of Hippo. Unlike most religions in the Roman Empire, Christianity required its adherents to renounce all other gods, a practice adopted from Judaism. Christians' refusal to join pagan celebrations meant they were unable to","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"7441090","text":"Catholic Church in the Gambia The Catholic Church in the Gambia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Gambia is a predominantly Muslim country (approximately 94% of the population). The Diocese of Banjul covers the whole of the country. Relations between the Muslim and Christian communities in Gambia are generally very good. The Catholic Church operates various missions including schools which children of Muslim parents attend. Of the minority Christian population, there are around 30,000 Catholics, which represents around 2% of the population. The history of the Catholic Church in the","title":"Catholic Church in the Gambia"},{"psg_id":"14915917","text":"of Newark covers the United States and Canada, while the patriarchal exarchate of Jerusalem covers Israel, Palestine and Jordan. The Syriac Catholic Church presently has eleven bishops: Basile Georges Casmoussa, 72, who had been the Archbishop of the Archeparchy of Mosul, was transferred to a position in the Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Curia. The Synod of Bishops of the Patriarchal Syriac Catholic Church elected the Protosyncellus (Vicar General) of the Archeparchy of Mosul, Father Boutros Moshe, 67, to be the new Archbishop. Pope Benedict XVI, consented to his canonical election on Tuesday, March 1, 2011, sealing the appointment, with ordination and","title":"Dioceses of the Syriac Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"10492903","text":"First Martyrs of the Church of Rome The First Martyrs of the Church of Rome were Christians martyred in the city of Rome during Nero's persecution in 64. The event is recorded by both Tacitus and Pope Clement I, among others. They are celebrated in the Roman Catholic Church as an optional memorial on 30 June. Rome had a large Jewish population. The couple, Priscilla and Aquila, were tent makers from Pontus, whom Paul met in Corinth. They had lived in Rome until the emperor Claudius ordered all the Jews to leave the city. Suetonius mentions this as due to","title":"First Martyrs of the Church of Rome"},{"psg_id":"7457036","text":"The Church of England and the Church of Scotland had sole legal rights in Guyana until 1899, when the Catholic Church among others was given equal status. Most Catholics are Portuguese. The Georgetown Diocese was established in 1956. Its first native bishop was ordained in 1971. Catholic Church in Guyana The Catholic Church in Guyana is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Bishops in Guyana are members of Antilles Episcopal Conference. Like most other nations that form the AEC, the Apostolic delegate to the bishops' conference is also the Apostolic nuncio","title":"Catholic Church in Guyana"},{"psg_id":"6282453","text":"Catholic Church in the Philippines The Catholic Church in the Philippines (; ) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual direction of the Pope. The Philippines is one of the two nations in Asia having a substantial portion of the population professing the Catholic faith, aside from East Timor, and the third largest in the world after Brazil and Mexico. The episcopal conference responsible in governing the faith is the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. Christianity was introduced in the Philippine islands by Spanish missionaries and colonists, who arrived in waves beginning in the early 16th","title":"Catholic Church in the Philippines"},{"psg_id":"7589559","text":"Catholic Church in the Isle of Man The Catholic Church in the Isle of Man is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Although not part of the United Kingdom, for geopolitical reasons the Isle of Man is part of the Archdiocese of Liverpool. There are Catholic churches in all of the main towns, the largest being St. Mary of the Isle in Douglas. A large percentage of the Catholics on the Isle of Man are Irish or of Irish descent. Following the English Reformation the allegiance of the Manx church to","title":"Catholic Church in the Isle of Man"},{"psg_id":"2901464","text":"the Vatican. Under Rafael Trujillo's government, the power of the Catholic Church was limited. Although the Church remained apolitical during much of the Trujillo era, a 1960 pastoral letter of protest against mass arrests of government opponents seriously strained the relationship with the government. Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of","title":"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"17017081","text":"Rectory, Catholic Church of the Assumption Rectory, Catholic Church of the Assumption is a historic rectory at 563 Ocean Avenue in Ferndale, California which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The first Catholic church in Ferndale was completed on 9 May 1879 and served until 1895 when it was moved from the corner of Washington and Berding streets to another lot on Washington. The new church was built at Washington and Berding by J.W. Blackmore, at a cost of $4062.50 and dedicated on 16 August 1896. In 1883 the first rectory was replaced with a","title":"Rectory, Catholic Church of the Assumption"},{"psg_id":"4911904","text":"of the patriarch, major archbishop or metropolitan is also mentioned, because these also have direct responsibility within all the eparchies of the particular Church in question. For the same reason, every Catholic celebration of the Eucharist has a mention of the Pope by name. Ordination to the episcopate is the fullness of the priesthood and the completion of the sacrament of Holy Orders. Bishops are considered the successors of the apostles. Within the Catholic Church the following posts have similarities to that of a diocesan bishop, but are not necessarily held by a bishop. Canon 368 of the \"Code of","title":"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"2447496","text":"Church of \"England\" these many years hath [sic] been read in Latin to the people, which they understand not; so that they have heard with their ears only, and their heart, spirit, and mind, have not been edified thereby.\" The French Catholic Church in the 18th century adapted vernacular missals in some dioceses. In 1794 the Synod of Pistoia, firmly influenced by Jansenism, rejected the use of Latin and demanded the use of the vernacular. In the 19th century the \"Old Catholic\" anti-primacy movements adopted the vernacular liturgy along with other reforms. In 1962 the encyclical \"Veterum sapientia\" of Pope","title":"Criticism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13898781","text":"John Lancaster Spalding, as well as the magazines \"Catholic World\" and \"Ave Marie.\" The true Catholic belief supposedly was close support of the Catholic Church by a government. Allegations were made by German American Catholic bishops in the Midwest, who are distrustful of the Irish to increasingly dominated the American Catholic Church.. The Vatican grew alarmed in the 1890s, and Pope Leo XIII issued an encyclical denouncing Americanism in theory. In \"Longinqua oceani\" (1895; “Wide Expanse of the Ocean”), Leo warned the American church leaders hierarchy not to export their unique system of separation of church and state. In 1898","title":"19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States"},{"psg_id":"13909712","text":"West, their work in education and medical care is increasingly being taken up by laypeople. Education of the young has been a major ministry for Catholic women in religious institutes and the Catholic Church produced many of the world's first women professors. Among the notable historical Catholic women teachers have been Trotula of Salerno the 11th-century physician, Dorotea Bucca who held a chair of medicine and philosophy at the University of Bologna from 1390, Elena Piscopia who, in 1678, became the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Philosophy, and Maria Agnesi, who was appointed around 1750 by Pope Benedict","title":"Women in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"13315314","text":"of Our Lady of Guadalupe. When Pope John Paul II visited Mexico in 1979 as part of the Conference of Latin American Bishops' gathering in Puebla, President Miguel López Portillo (1976–82), gave the pope a warm welcome even though this was not a state visit. The top echelons of the hierarchy sought to continue the modus vivendi in Mexico, but as the Catholic Church underwent changes as a result of the Second Vatican Council, so too did a number of Mexican bishops and laypeople. The bishop of Cuernavaca, Sergio Méndez Arceo, initially appointed in 1953, became an active adherent of","title":"History of the Catholic Church in Mexico"},{"psg_id":"12305220","text":"vast majority of sex abuse cases occurred, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops commissioned a comprehensive study that found that four percent of all priests who served in the US from 1950 to 2002 faced some sort of sexual accusation. Further, the Church was widely criticized when it emerged that some bishops had known about abuse allegations, and reassigned many of the accused after first sending them to psychiatric counseling, instead of removing them. Some bishops and psychiatrists contended that the prevailing psychology of the times suggested that people could be cured of such behavior through counseling. Pope John","title":"History of the Catholic Church since 1962"},{"psg_id":"7593548","text":"Catholic Church in the Maldives The Catholic Church in the Maldives is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Annals of the Propagation of the Faith mentions that in 1833 after the consecration of Clément Bonnand as the Vicar Apostolic of Pondicherry, he was authorized by the Holy See to send missionaries to the Maldive Islands where the Christian faith has not reached. But there is not and has never been any Catholic territorial jurisdiction in the Maldives, but has been covered by the Archdiocese of Colombo in Sri Lanka since","title":"Catholic Church in the Maldives"},{"psg_id":"20260596","text":"I to judge?\" \"The problem,\" he said, \"is not having this orientation. We must be brothers.\" Several LGBT groups welcomed the comments, noting that this was the first time a pope had used the word \"gay\" in public, and had also accepted the existence of gay people as a recognizable part of the Catholic Church community. The Pope's attitude towards homosexuality earned him a place on the cover of the US gay news magazine \"The Advocate\". In October 2016, Francis said that \"When a person (who is gay) arrives before Jesus, Jesus certainly will not say, 'Go away because you","title":"History of the Catholic Church and homosexuality"},{"psg_id":"11960194","text":"of Mary in salvation and redemption continued with Pope John Paul II's 1987 encyclical \"Redemptoris mater\" It was through Mary's intercession, through compassion for the hosts, at the marriage feast of Cana, that Jesus worked his first miracle. The \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\" states: \"From the most ancient times the Blessed Virgin has been honored with the title of 'Mother of God,' to whose protection the faithful fly in all their dangers and needs.\" The Eastern Catholic Churches observe the feast of the Intercession of the Theotokos in October. Roman Catholic views of the Virgin Mary as refuge and","title":"Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12938819","text":"of Rome to be merely one of greater honour, regarding him as \"\" (\"first among equals\"), without effective power over other churches. Other Orthodox Christian theologians, however, view primacy as authoritative power: the expression, manifestation and realization in one bishop of the power of all the bishops and of the unity of the Church. The Roman Catholic Church attributes to the primacy of the Pope \"full, supreme, and universal power over the whole Church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered,\" a power that it attributes also to the entire body of the bishops united with the pope. The","title":"Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church"},{"psg_id":"2447830","text":"Catholic Church in the United States The Catholic Church in the United States is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome. With 20.8% of the United States population as of 2018, the Catholic Church is the country's second largest single religious group after Protestantism, but the country's largest religious denomination. The United States has the fourth largest Catholic population in the world after Brazil, Mexico and the Philippines, the largest Catholic minority population, and the largest English-speaking Catholic population. The central leadership body of the Catholic Church in the United States is the U.S.","title":"Catholic Church in the United States"},{"psg_id":"13459039","text":"trips, parties or religious debates on secularism and religious issues, which remain sensitive subjects despite the separation of Church and the State. Finally, since the 1990s, greater participation has been noticed at gatherings of young people, as well as various national pilgrimage, indicating probable involvement of other Christians to the life of the Catholic Church. On the eve of the release of \"Summorum Pontificum\" by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007, the Tridentine Mass – which the Pope referred to as an \"extraordinary form of the Roman Rite\" – was celebrated in France on the basis of Pope John Paul II's","title":"History of the Catholic Church in France"},{"psg_id":"5515898","text":"assumed by Pope John I Bishop of Rome (523–526), who ratified the Alexandrian computation of the date of Easter. Bestowing the title on Rome's pontiff did not strip it from Alexandria's, and the Roman Catholic Church recognizes this ecclesiastical fact. Since Alexandria was the capital of the province, the preaching center and the place of martyrdom of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle, the title “Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of all Africa on the Holy Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle\". also known as “Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa” in short, was","title":"Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria"},{"psg_id":"13868836","text":"the falangist Spain of Franco. Pope Pius XI was moderately skeptical of Italian Fascism. To Pope Pius XI, Dollfuss in Austria was the ideal politician realising \"Quadragesimo anno\". In the 1937 encyclical \"Mit brennender Sorge\", drafted by the future Pope Pius XII, Pope Pius XI warned Catholics that antisemitism is incompatible with Christianity. Read from the pulpits of all German Catholic churches, it described Hitler as an insane and arrogant prophet and was the first official denunciation of Nazism made by any major organization. Nazi persecution of the Church in Germany then began by \"outright repression\" and \"staged prosecutions of","title":"Catholic Church in the 20th century"},{"psg_id":"6852128","text":"Catholic Church in the Netherlands The Catholic Church in the Netherlands (), is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Its primate is the Metropolitan Archbishop of Utrecht, currently Willem Jacobus Eijk since 2008. Currently, Catholicism is the single largest religion of the Netherlands, forming some 11.7% of the Dutch people in 2015, based on indepth interviewing, down from 40% in the 1960s. Although the number of Catholics in the Netherlands has decreased significantly in recent decades, the Catholic Church remains today the largest religious group in the Netherlands. Once known as","title":"Catholic Church in the Netherlands"},{"psg_id":"12000884","text":"ascertaining that they are beliefs already held in some form throughout the Catholic church. Both Pope Pius IX and Pope Pius XII consulted the bishops worldwide before proclaiming these dogmas. A movement to declare a third Marian dogma for \"Mediatrix\" and \"Co-Redemptrix\" was underway in the 1990s, an issue handled very delicately by the bishops at Vatican II. The term \"Dogma Catholicum\" was first used by Vincent of Lérins (450), referring to \"what all, everywhere and always believed\". In the year 565, Emperor Justinian declared the decisions of the first ecumenical councils as law \"because they are true dogmata of","title":"Dogma in the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"5515892","text":"Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria The Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, a faith with ancient Christian roots in Egypt. The current holder of this position is Pope Tawadros II, who was selected as the 118th pope on November 18, 2012. Following the traditions of the church, the pope is chairman and head of the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria as a first among equals. The Holy Synod is the highest authority in the Church of Alexandria, which has between 12","title":"Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria"},{"psg_id":"4911881","text":"for clergy in the Russian Orthodox Church, and is the style of the Bishop of Alexandria. Pope Marcellinus (d. 304) is the first Bishop of Rome shown in sources to have had the title \"pope\" used of him. From the 6th century, the imperial chancery of Constantinople normally reserved this designation for the Bishop of Rome. From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the Bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by the 11th century, when Pope Gregory VII declared it reserved for the Bishop of Rome. As bishop of","title":"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"19868911","text":"frescoes of the church survived to our time without later changes. Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Budslav Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary () is a former Bernardine, now parish Catholic Church in village Budslau, Myadzyel Raion, Minsk Region, Belarus. The church is a monument of architecture of the late Baroque, it has Budslau icon of Our Lady - one of the most revered Catholic images. In 1996 Pope John Paul II proclaimed this icon the patron of Belarus. First time the church was mentioned in documents in 1504, when the Grand Duke","title":"Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Budslav"},{"psg_id":"17402532","text":"early twentieth century, Oriental canon law had been in the process of codification. Some of these Oriental canon law reforms were promulgated by Pope Pius XII. The codification effort culminated with the Pope John Paul II's 1990 promulgation of the \"Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium\" (CCEO, Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches) which incorporates certain differences in the hierarchical, administrative, and judicial \"fora\" for the 23 \"sui juris\" particular Eastern Catholic Churches, which were each encouraged to issue codes of particular law peculiar to each church, so that all of the Catholic Church's canon law would be codified. Legal history","title":"Legal history of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"2447498","text":"particular the Second Vatican Council, as not benefitting the advancement of the Church. Some groups, such as the Society of St. Pius X, saying the Church has betrayed the core values of Catholicism, have rejected some of the decisions of the Holy See that they see harmful to the faith. They have in common the firm adherence to the Tridentine Latin Mass that was used, with some changes, for 400 years prior to 1970. A numerically minor group, the sedevacantists, have characterized the current Pontiffs of the Catholic Church as heretics. This group says that the current Pope (as well,","title":"Criticism of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"4911895","text":"First Vatican Council, laid down that cardinals have precedence over all other prelates, even patriarchs. The 1983 Code of Canon Law did not deal with questions of precedence. The cardinalate is not an integral part of the theological structure of the Catholic Church, but largely an honorific distinction that has its origins in the 1059 assignation of the right of electing the Pope exclusively to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian dioceses. Because of their resulting importance, the term \"cardinal\" (from Latin \"cardo\", meaning \"hinge\") was applied to them. In the 12th century the","title":"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"15167115","text":"a year, during Eastertide. As a growing trend during the second half of the 2010s, many US dioceses of Latin Rite are officially returning to the traditional order of the three sacraments of Christian initiation, that is: Baptism, Confirmation and, lastly, the first Communion. This order of Sacraments has ever refererred in the Catechism of Roman Catholic Church (n. 1212), and “The holy Eucharist completes our Christian initiation” (N. 1322). The current order -with Eucharist preceding the Confirmation- was started in 1910 with the decree by Pope Pius X, \"Quam Singulari Christus Amore\" (transl.: “How Special Christ’s Love”), which said","title":"Sacraments of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"12174313","text":"Catholics were allowed to continue some of their schools. The end of the Napoleonic wars, signaled by the Congress of Vienna, brought Catholic revival and the return of the Papal States to the pope; the Jesuits were restored. France remained basically Catholic. The census of 1872 counted 36 million people, of whom 35.4 million were listed as Catholics, 600,000 as Protestants, 50,000 as Jews and 80,000 as freethinkers The Revolution failed to destroy the Catholic Church, and Napoleon's concordat of 1801 restored its status. The return of the Bourbons in 1814 brought back many rich nobles and landowners who supported","title":"History of the Catholic Church"},{"psg_id":"2901463","text":"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of the population), in 11 territorial dioceses and one military ordinariate, served by 800 priests. Within the Dominican Republic the hierarchy consists of: The Dominican Republic offers religious freedom, but the Catholic Church still enjoys certain favors, in particular due to a 1954 concordat with","title":"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic"},{"psg_id":"7266533","text":"and preparations for a Papal visit gained traction. On May 23, 2002, Pope John Paul II visited the country, despite his increasingly fragile health. He was initially invited by Azerbaijan's president, Heydar Aliyev. Thanks to his visit, President Aliyev gave the Catholic Church a plot of land to build a church. The building was funded by proceeds from Pope John Paul II's book sales and foreign donations. Delegates from Azerbaijan attended the first Congress of Catholic Laity of Eastern Europe in 2003. When Archbishop Claudio Gugerotti, the apostolic nuncio to Azerbaijan, visited the country he encountered many elderly believers who","title":"Catholic Church in Azerbaijan"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2447500\",\n \"text\": \"to refer to the Pope, and belief that he can make infallible pronouncements have been subject to criticism by other Christian denominations. In Catholic theology, papal infallibility is the dogma that the Pope is preserved from error when he solemnly promulgated, or declared, to the Church solely on faith or morals. This doctrine has a long history, but was not defined dogmatically until the First Vatican Council of 1870. In Catholic theology, papal infallibility was one of the channels of the Infallibility of the Church. The Church teaches that the Papal infallibility on limited theological matters does not signify that\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174312\",\n \"text\": \"worship of \\\"Reason\\\" but it never gained popularity. In this period, all monasteries were destroyed, 30,000 priests were exiled and hundreds more were killed. When Pope Pius VI sided against the revolution in the First Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Italy. The 82-year-old pope was taken as a prisoner to France in February 1799 and soon died. To win popular support for his rule, Napoleon re-established the Catholic Church in France through the Concordat of 1801. The church lands were never returned, however the priests and other religious were given salaries by the government, which maintained church properties through tax revenues.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2447501\",\n \"text\": \"the Pope was a man specially exempt from liability to sin. Critics say that this statement is self-contradictory. Adherents of the Church believe that only the Church can interpret the scriptures in the Bible; the pope may be the final arbiter if there are differences. But according to the church's interpretation of 2 Peter, anyone can interpret the word of God (by His guidance). The Old Catholic Churches, organized in the Union of Ultrajectine Independent Catholic Churches, resisted Papal infallibility along with the First Vatican Council's dogma of Papal primacy of universal jurisdiction. Mandatory priestly celibacy first appeared for the\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174280\",\n \"text\": \"The Western (Latin) branch of Christianity has since become known as the Catholic Church, while the Eastern (Greek) branch became known as the Orthodox Church. The Second Council of Lyon (1274) and the Council of Florence (1439) both failed to heal the schism. Some Eastern churches have since reunited with the Catholic Church, and others claim never to have been out of communion with the pope. Officially, the two churches remain in schism, although excommunications were mutually lifted in 1965. The 11th century saw the Investiture Controversy between Emperor and Pope over the right to make church appointments, the first\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174354\",\n \"text\": \"the Orthodox Eastern Catholic Churches, involving the return of expropriated properties of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which the Orthodox Church took over after World War II at the request of Joseph Stalin. With the election of Pope Francis in 2013, following the resignation of Benedict, Francis is the current and first Jesuit pope, the first pope from the Americas, and the first from the Southern Hemisphere. Since his election to the papacy, he has displayed a simpler and less formal approach to the office, choosing to reside in the Vatican guesthouse rather than the papal residence. He has signalled numerous\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2447468\",\n \"text\": \"Eastern Catholic branches of the Catholic Church. The Church maintains that it \\\"has a duty to evangelize; it is also its inalienable right\\\". In 1998, Pope John Paul II apologized for past actions by Nazi 'Protestant Christians' that caused suffering to the Jewish people, calling them \\\"our elder brothers\\\" in the faith. Critics reply that Pope Benedict XVI was a member of Hitler Youth, a paramilitary organization of the German Nazi Party, although membership was required by law for all 14-year-old German boys after December 1939. There was also controversy over Pope Benedict allowing a wider use of the Tridentine\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2575562\",\n \"text\": \"religious worship. After reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands in 1853 by Pope Pius IX, the breakaway Church of Utrecht adopted the name \\\"Old Catholic Church\\\" to distinguish itself from the newly created Roman hierarchy by its seniority in the Netherlands. In 1870 the First Vatican Council was convened, and the bishops of the Church of Utrecht were not invited because they were not seen as being in communion with the Holy See. At the First Vatican Council, papal primacy in jurisdiction and the Catholic dogma of papal infallibility were defined, to the objection of the Old Catholic\",\n \"title\": \"Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7541787\",\n \"text\": \"in Karaganda. Pope John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Kazakhstan in the country's history in 2001. In 2003, John Paul II elevated Astana to an archdiocese and Almaty to a diocese. In 2006, Catholic priests were ordained for the first time ever in the country. In 2008, the Church in the former Soviet republic of Kazakhstan affirmed its Asiatic identity when its episcopal conference was formally accepted into the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences. Catholic Church in Kazakhstan The Catholic Church in Kazakhstan is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the pope\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in Kazakhstan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2447465\",\n \"text\": \"Pope; see Petrine theory.). The Catholic Church likewise teaches that the \\\"true Church of Jesus Christ ... is the One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church\\\", and that \\\"the Mystical Body of Christ and the Roman Catholic Church are one and the same thing\\\". It is also Catholic teaching that the one Church of Christ is present and operative also in those Churches that are not in full communion with the Catholic Church but that have preserved apostolic succession and a valid Eucharist and are therefore true particular Churches; and that the members of the ecclesial communities that lack apostolic\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174353\",\n \"text\": \"of Pope Benedict XVI in 2005, the Church has so far seen largely a continuation of the policies of his predecessor, Pope John Paul II, with some notable exceptions: Benedict decentralized beatifications and reverted the decision of his predecessor regarding papal elections. In 2007, he set a Church record by approving the beatification of 498 Spanish Martyrs. His first encyclical \\\"Deus caritas est\\\" discussed love and sex in continued opposition to several other views on sexuality. Catholic attempts to improve ecumenical relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church have been complicated by disputes over both doctrine and the recent history of\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2575561\",\n \"text\": \"mandate, four more bishops for the independent Ultrajectine church, which would become known as \\\"Old Catholic\\\" after 1853. Petrus Johannes Meindaerts, after his consecration by Varlet without a papal mandate in 1739, consecrated bishops to the suppressed dioceses of Deventer, Haarlem, and The apostolic vicariate was reduced to a mission \\\"sui iuris\\\" by Pope Benedict XIII in 1727. Most Dutch Catholics nevertheless continued to follow the pope, first under missionary administrative structures and, from 1853, under the reestablished episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands, when Catholics were permitted to worship publicly after two and a half centuries of secret and private\",\n \"title\": \"Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5158161\",\n \"text\": \"Sign of the times (Catholic Church) Sign of the times is a phrase strongly associated with the Catholic Church in the era of the Second Vatican Council of the 1960s. It was taken to mean that the church should listen to, and learn from, the world around it. In other words, it should learn to read the 'sign(s) of the times'. This phrase, though it comes from the Gospel of Matthew was used in a somewhat novel way by Pope John XXIII when he convoked the council, in the statement \\\"Humanae Salutis\\\". It came to signify a new understanding that\",\n \"title\": \"Sign of the times (Catholic Church)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2447476\",\n \"text\": \"infections are at epidemic proportions. The Church maintains that countries like Kenya where behavioral changes like abstinence are endorsed instead of condom use, are experiencing greater progress towards controlling the disease than those countries just promoting condoms. The Catholic Church maintains its opposition towards artificial means of birth control. Some Catholic Church members and non-members criticize this belief as contributing to overpopulation and poverty. Pope Paul VI reaffirmed the Church's position in his 1968 encyclical \\\"Humanae vitae\\\" (Human Life). In this encyclical, the Pope acknowledges the realities of modern life as well as the questions and challenges these raise. Furthermore,\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13915005\",\n \"text\": \"this book is \\\"an invaluable contribution to understanding the Catholic Church and the Holocaust.\\\" Phayer's main thesis, says Krieg, is that Pius XII privately helped Jews only to the extent that his efforts did not jeopardize two priorities in his foreign policy: The Catholic Church and the Holocaust The Catholic Church and the Holocaust (1930–1965) is a book written by American historian Michael Phayer on the topic of Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust. It was published in 2000. Harvard professor Stanley Hoffmann considered it \\\"a comprehensive and deeply disturbing volume\\\" which \\\"describes in detail Pope Pius XII's preference for\",\n \"title\": \"The Catholic Church and the Holocaust\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13909698\",\n \"text\": \"Churches. The Catholic Church regards abortion as a 'moral evil'. Abortion was condemned by the Church as early as the first century, again in the fourteenth century and again in 1995 with Pope John Paul II's encyclical \\\"Evangelium Vitae (Gospel of Life)\\\". This encyclical condemned the \\\"culture of death\\\" which the pope often used to describe the societal embrace of contraception, abortion, euthanasia, suicide, capital punishment, and genocide. Women constitute the great majority of members of the consecrated life within the church. Catholic women have played diverse roles, with religious institutes providing a formal space for their participation and convents\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1596316\",\n \"text\": \"Catechism of the Catholic Church The Catechism of the Catholic Church (; commonly called the Catechism or the CCC) is a catechism promulgated for the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1992. It sums up, in book form, the beliefs of the Catholic faithful. A catechism ( /ˈkætəˌkizəm/; from Greek: κατηχέω, \\\"to teach orally\\\") is a summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments traditionally used in catechesis, or Christian religious teaching of children and adult converts. The decision to publish a catechism was taken at the Second Extraordinary General Assembly of\",\n \"title\": \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13501342\",\n \"text\": \"the 1870s. The Catholic Church, an outspoken opponent of Liberalism, had opposed German unification under predominantly Protestant Prussian leadership, and the Prussian minister-president and German Chancellor Bismarck accused the Church of promoting nationalism among the Catholic Polish minority. Therefore, he regarded the Church as a threat to the newly founded empire, especially after establishment of a Catholic political party which became a strong opposition in parliament. The Liberals, particularly in light of new Catholic dogmas promulgated under Pope Pius IX at the First Vatican Council (1869-70), had always considered the Catholic Church as an enemy of progress. Laws enacted in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in Germany\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1596328\",\n \"text\": \"Church teaching on the status of other religions, contraception and euthanasia, whether due to simple error or poor translations. Catechism of the Catholic Church The Catechism of the Catholic Church (; commonly called the Catechism or the CCC) is a catechism promulgated for the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1992. It sums up, in book form, the beliefs of the Catholic faithful. A catechism ( /ˈkætəˌkizəm/; from Greek: κατηχέω, \\\"to teach orally\\\") is a summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments traditionally used in catechesis, or Christian religious teaching of\",\n \"title\": \"Catechism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13376086\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Bahamas The Catholic Church in the Bahamas is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Columbus landed on one of the islands of the Bahamas in 1492, where the first Mass was celebrated in the New World. The Catholic Church became organized in the Bahamas in the mid-19th century, and in the second part of the century US influence became even more important, so that in 1885 the islands — considered as part of the US diocese of Charleston since 1866 — were formally included in the Archdiocese\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Bahamas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7589569\",\n \"text\": \"McMahon OP, but like all the 1.2 billion Catholics on the planet, the Catholic churches on the Isle of Man pray, in communion with each other, and all religious, deacons, priests, and bishops, and with the successor of St. Peter, Pope Francis, who leads the Church established by Jesus Christ, in which alone the fullness of the truth subsists. Catholic Church in the Isle of Man The Catholic Church in the Isle of Man is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Although not part of the United Kingdom, for geopolitical reasons\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Isle of Man\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15371213\",\n \"text\": \"Lists of leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church This is a list of Leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (formerly Ruthenia Catholic Church or Uniate Church). Note, due to historical circumstances (i.e. Russian occupation) first hierarchs of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church carried titles without mentioning of Kyiv. Although sometimes being referred to as primates out of all hierarchs only Mykhailo Levitsky officially carried the title of primate which was granted by the Austrian Emperor as the Primate of Galicia and Lodomeria, but not approved by the Pope of Rome. Following the Union of Brest, in the 16th\",\n \"title\": \"Lists of leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13153157\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but most of the Spanish and French influences had faded by 1800. The Catholic Church grew through immigration, especially from Europe (Germany and Ireland at first, and in 1890-1914 from Italy, Poland and Eastern Europe.) In the nineteenth century the Church set up an elaborate infrastructure, based on diocese run by bishops appointed by the pope. Each diocese set up a network of parishes, schools, colleges, hospitals, orphanages and other charitable institutions. Many priests arrived from France and Ireland,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17402531\",\n \"text\": \"world's 1.2 billion Catholics of what the Code itself calls the Latin Church. It has 7 books and 1,752 canons. Distinct from the canonical tradition of the Latin Church is the tradition of the Eastern Catholic Churches. The earliest Oriental canon law collections were called nomocanons, which were collections of both canon and civil law. In the early twentieth century, when Eastern Churches began to come back to full communion with the Holy See, Pope Benedict XV created the Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Church in order to preserve the rights and traditions of the Eastern Catholic Churches. Since the\",\n \"title\": \"Legal history of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18863901\",\n \"text\": \"collegiality in the Catholic Church.\\\" Collegiality in the Catholic Church In the Roman Catholic Church, collegiality refers to \\\"the Pope governing the Church in collaboration with the bishops of the local Churches, respecting their proper autonomy.\\\" In the early church the popes exercised moral authority rather than administrative power, and that authority was relatively limited; regional churches elected their own bishops, resolved disputes in local synods, and only felt the need to appeal to the Pope under special circumstances. During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the papacy amassed considerable power, as monastic reformers saw it as a way to counter\",\n \"title\": \"Collegiality in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13915004\",\n \"text\": \"The Catholic Church and the Holocaust The Catholic Church and the Holocaust (1930–1965) is a book written by American historian Michael Phayer on the topic of Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust. It was published in 2000. Harvard professor Stanley Hoffmann considered it \\\"a comprehensive and deeply disturbing volume\\\" which \\\"describes in detail Pope Pius XII's preference for quiet diplomacy with Hitler and his regime, his anxiety about the Catholic Church's fate, his solicitude for Germany's Catholics, and his conviction that communism posed a greater threat than did Nazism\\\". According to Robert A. Krieg, from the University of Notre Dame,\",\n \"title\": \"The Catholic Church and the Holocaust\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4911883\",\n \"text\": \"Second Vatican Council's document \\\"Lumen gentium\\\", states: \\\"The \\\"pope\\\", Bishop of Rome and Peter's successor, 'is the perpetual and visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful.'\\\" Communion with the bishop of Rome has become such a significant identifier of Catholic identity that at times the Catholic Church has been known in its entirety as \\\"Roman Catholic,\\\" though this is inaccurate in Catholic theology (ecclesiology). Three other of the pope's offices stem directly from his office as bishop of the Church of Rome. As the Latin Church owes its\",\n \"title\": \"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8051725\",\n \"text\": \"practice of Eucharistic adoration, and exposition of the Blessed Sacrament. In the opening prayer of the Perpetual chapel in St. Peter Basilica Pope John Paul II prayed for a perpetual adoration chapel in every parish in the world. Pope Benedict XVI instituted perpetual adoration for the laity in each of the five districts of the Diocese of Rome. Eucharist in the Catholic Church The Eucharist in the Catholic Church is celebrated as \\\"the source and summit\\\" of the Christian life. The Eucharist is consecrated daily (except on Good Friday, when consecration takes place on Maundy Thursday, but is distributed during\",\n \"title\": \"Eucharist in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4911884\",\n \"text\": \"identity and development to its origins in the liturgical, juridical, and theological patrimony of Rome, the bishop of Rome is de facto the patriarch of the Latin Church. According to Pope Benedict XVI, there has been much 'confusion' between the pope's primacy as patriarch of the western church and his primacy as first patriarch among equals, that this \\\"failure to distinguish\\\" between the roles and responsibilities of these two distinct positions leads in time to the \\\"extreme centralization of the Catholic Church\\\" and the schism between East and West. As the first local Church of Italy, the bishop of Rome\",\n \"title\": \"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174355\",\n \"text\": \"dramatic changes in policy as well—for example removing conservatives from high Vatican positions, calling on bishops to lead a simpler life, and taking a more pastoral attitude towards homosexuality. History of the Catholic Church According to tradition, the history of the Catholic Church begins with Jesus Christ and his teachings (c. 4 BC – c. AD 30) and the Catholic Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by Jesus. The Church considers its bishops to be the successors to Jesus's apostles and the Church's leader, the Bishop of Rome (also known as the Pope) to be the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13376092\",\n \"text\": \"2004, the diocese contains 30 parishes, 15 active diocesan priests, 14 religious priests, and 48,000 Catholics. It also has 28 Women Religious, 14 Religious Brothers, and 13 permanent deacons. Catholics make up 19% of population. \\\"This article incorporates text from the entry \\\"The Bahama Islands\\\" in the public-domain \\\"Catholic Encyclopedia\\\" of 1907.\\\" Catholic Church in the Bahamas The Catholic Church in the Bahamas is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Columbus landed on one of the islands of the Bahamas in 1492, where the first Mass was celebrated in the New\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Bahamas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14124355\",\n \"text\": \"Some officially returned to the Catholic Church, while others remained apart from the Catholic Church and have stayed as Hanare Kirishitan, retaining their own traditional beliefs and their descendants asserting that they keep their ancestors' religion. However, it became difficult for them to keep their community and rituals, so they have converted to Buddhism or Shinto eventually. When Pope John Paul II visited Nagasaki in 1981, he baptized some young people from Kakure Kirishitan families – a rare occurrence. History of the Catholic Church in Japan Christian missionaries arrived with Francis Xavier and the Jesuits in the 1540s and briefly\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174347\",\n \"text\": \"theologian Leonardo Boff was twice ordered to cease publishing and teaching. While Pope John Paul II was criticized for his severity in dealing with proponents of the movement, he maintained that the Church, in its efforts to champion the poor, should not do so by resorting to violence or partisan politics. The movement is still alive in Latin America today, though the Church now faces the challenge of Pentecostal revival in much of the region. The sexual revolution of the 1960s brought challenging issues for the Church. Pope Paul VI's 1968 encyclical \\\"Humanae Vitae\\\" reaffirmed the Catholic Church's traditional view\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12305202\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Catholic Church since 1962 Post Vatican II history of the Catholic Church includes the recent history of the Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council. In the aftermath of World War II, religious existence came under fire from communist governments in Eastern Europe and China. Although some priests have since been exposed as collaborators, both the Church's official resistance and the leadership of Pope John Paul II are credited with helping to bring about the downfall of communist governments across Europe in 1991. The Church policies after World War II under Pope Pius XII focused on material\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church since 1962\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12207103\",\n \"text\": \"Mother of the Church In Roman Catholic Mariology, Mother of the Church (in Latin Mater Ecclesiae) is a title, officially given to Mary during the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI. The title was first used in the 4th century by Saint Ambrose of Milan, as rediscovered by Hugo Rahner. The title \\\"Mother of the Church\\\" was used by Pope Benedict XIV in 1748 and then by Pope Leo XIII in 1885. The title was also used by Pope John Paul II and is also found in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Pope John Paul II stated that\",\n \"title\": \"Mother of the Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4911892\",\n \"text\": \"by a major archbishop. The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church uses the title \\\"Catholicos\\\" for their major archbishop. With few exceptions, the authority of a major archbishop in his \\\"sui iuris\\\" Church is equivalent to that of a patriarch in his Church. This less prestigious office was established in 1963 for those Eastern Catholic Churches which have developed in size and stability to allow full self-governance if historical, ecumenical, or political conditions do not allow their elevation to a patriarchate. At present, there are four major archbishops: Cardinals are princes of the Church appointed by the Pope. He generally chooses bishops who\",\n \"title\": \"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13887791\",\n \"text\": \"marked a profound transformation of the Catholic Church in the United States. Religion became a divisive issue during the presidential campaign of 1960. Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts was vying to become the nation's first Catholic president, Using his base of support among urban Catholics. A key factor that was hurting Kennedy in his campaign was the widespread prejudice against his Roman Catholic religion; some Protestants believed that, if he were elected President, Kennedy would have to take orders from the Pope in Rome. When offered the opportunity to speak before a convention of Baptist ministers, decided to try\",\n \"title\": \"20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12000898\",\n \"text\": \"Creed is a part of Sunday liturgy. Because many Protestant Churches have retained the older versions of the Creed, ecumenical working groups are meeting to discuss the Creed as the basis for better understandings of dogma. Dogma in the Catholic Church In the Catholic Church, a dogma is a definitive article of faith \\\"(de fide)\\\" that has been solemnly promulgated by the college of bishops at an ecumenical council or by the pope when speaking in a statement \\\"ex cathedra\\\", in which the magisterium of the Church presents a particular doctrine as necessary for the belief of all Catholic faithful.\",\n \"title\": \"Dogma in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12000878\",\n \"text\": \"Dogma in the Catholic Church In the Catholic Church, a dogma is a definitive article of faith \\\"(de fide)\\\" that has been solemnly promulgated by the college of bishops at an ecumenical council or by the pope when speaking in a statement \\\"ex cathedra\\\", in which the magisterium of the Church presents a particular doctrine as necessary for the belief of all Catholic faithful. For example, Christian dogma states that the resurrection of Jesus Christ is the basic truth from which salvation and life is derived for Christians. Dogmas regulate the language, the truth of the resurrection is to be\",\n \"title\": \"Dogma in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3012252\",\n \"text\": \"States. In 1854, Pope Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted from 1851 to 1853, proclaimed the Immaculate Conception as a Dogma in the Catholic Church. In 1870, the First Vatican Council affirmed the doctrine of papal infallibility when exercised in specifically defined pronouncements. Controversy over this and other issues resulted in a breakaway movement called the Old Catholic Church. The Italian unification of the 1860s incorporated the Papal States, including Rome itself from 1870, into the Kingdom of Italy, thus ending the papacy's millennial temporal power. Pope Pius IX rejected\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13868855\",\n \"text\": \"25 January 1983. It includes numerous reforms and alterations in Church law and Church discipline for the Latin Church. It replaced the 1917 version issued by Benedict XV. The Catholic Church initiated a comprehensive process of reform under Pope John XXIII. Intended as a continuation of the First Vatican Council, the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), developed into an engine of modernisation, making pronouncements on religious freedom, the nature of the Church and the mission of the laity. The role of the bishops of the Church was brought into renewed prominence, especially when seen collectively, as a college that has succeeded\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the 20th century\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4911877\",\n \"text\": \"of doctrine, the priests of sacred worship and the ministers of governance\\\" and \\\"represent the Church.\\\" In the year 2012, there were 5,133 Catholic bishops; at the end of 2014, there were 5,237 Catholic bishops. The Pope himself is a bishop (the bishop of Rome) and traditionally uses the title \\\"Venerable Brother\\\" when writing formally to another bishop. The typical role of a bishop is to provide pastoral governance for a diocese. Bishops who fulfill this function are known as diocesan ordinaries, because they have what canon law calls ordinary (i.e. not delegated) authority for a diocese. These bishops may\",\n \"title\": \"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4911903\",\n \"text\": \"of the whole Church (cf. \\\"Catechism of the Catholic Church\\\", 886). As each local particular Church is an embodiment of the whole Catholic Church, not just an administrative subdivision of something larger, the bishop who is its head is not a delegate of the Pope. Instead, he has of himself primary teaching, governance and sanctifying responsibility for the see for which he has been ordained bishop. Within each diocese, even if the Eucharist is celebrated by another bishop, the necessary communion with the Bishop of the diocese is signified by the mention of his name. In Eastern eparchies the name\",\n \"title\": \"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8020475\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the United Kingdom The Catholic Church in the United Kingdom is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope. While there is no ecclesiastical jurisdiction corresponding to the political union, this article refers to the Catholic Church's geographical representation in the United Kingdom as well as Northern Ireland, ever since the establishment of the U.K.'s predecessor Kingdom of Great Britain by the Union of the Crowns in 1707. For the Catholic Church in the British Isles before 1707, including during the Protestant Reformation, see: Starting with Pope Pius V's Papal Bull \\\"Regnans in Excelsis\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the United Kingdom\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12758050\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in Guam The Catholic Church in the United States unincorporated territory of Guam is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome and locally administered by the Archdiocese of Agaña. Catholicism on the island was a product of centuries of Spanish colonial control as the island was part of the Spanish East Indies until 1898, when the United States acquired it after the Spanish–American War. On October 14, 1965, the vicariate apostolic was raised to a diocese. The first supreme pontiff to visit the island was Pope John Paul II in\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in Guam\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174321\",\n \"text\": \"monasteries and churches. Before the council, in 1854 Pope Pius IX with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic Bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851–1853, proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Eight years earlier, in 1846, the Pope had granted the unanimous wish of the bishops from the United States, and declared the Immaculata the patron of the USA. During First Vatican Council, some 108 council fathers requested to add the words \\\"Immaculate Virgin\\\" to the Hail Mary. Some fathers requested, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception to be included in the Creed of the Church, which\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18863892\",\n \"text\": \"Collegiality in the Catholic Church In the Roman Catholic Church, collegiality refers to \\\"the Pope governing the Church in collaboration with the bishops of the local Churches, respecting their proper autonomy.\\\" In the early church the popes exercised moral authority rather than administrative power, and that authority was relatively limited; regional churches elected their own bishops, resolved disputes in local synods, and only felt the need to appeal to the Pope under special circumstances. During the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the papacy amassed considerable power, as monastic reformers saw it as a way to counter corrupt bishops while bishops saw\",\n \"title\": \"Collegiality in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2447502\",\n \"text\": \"Spanish clergy at the Synod of Elvira in 306-306. This was reinforced by the pope in the Directa Decretal in 385, which stated that it was derived from the Apostles. Mandatory celibacy was written into law for the entire clergy as a result of the Second Lateran Council in 1139. The Catholic Church's requirement of a vow of celibacy from Latin Church priests (while allowing very limited individual exceptions) is criticized for differing from Protestant changes issuing from the Protestant Reformation, which apply no limitations, and even from the practice of the ancient Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches.\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10492908\",\n \"text\": \"the feast is directly after the Solemnity of SS Peter and Paul, who are the principal patron saints of Rome. The subsequent martyrs are associated with this patronage. The feast day was formerly occupied with a Commemoration of St. Paul, and fell in the Octave of SS Peter and Paul. First Martyrs of the Church of Rome The First Martyrs of the Church of Rome were Christians martyred in the city of Rome during Nero's persecution in 64. The event is recorded by both Tacitus and Pope Clement I, among others. They are celebrated in the Roman Catholic Church as\",\n \"title\": \"First Martyrs of the Church of Rome\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174296\",\n \"text\": \"sided with and became financial supporters of the Catholic League. This ended under Pope Clement VIII, who hesitantly accepted King Henry IV's 1598 Edict of Nantes, which granted civil and religious toleration to Protestants. The English Reformation was ostensibly based on Henry VIII's desire for annulment of his marriage with Catherine of Aragon, and was initially more of a political, and later a theological dispute. The Acts of Supremacy made the English monarch head of the English church thereby establishing the Church of England. Then, beginning in 1536, some 825 monasteries throughout England, Wales and Ireland were dissolved and Catholic\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9468806\",\n \"text\": \"The Catholic Church has always taught that bishops are descended from a continuous line of bishops since the days of the apostles, which is known as apostolic succession. Since 1896, when Pope Leo XIII issued the bull \\\"Apostolicae curae\\\", the Catholic Church has not recognised Anglican orders as valid, because of changes in the ordination rites that took place in the 16th century as well as divergence in the understanding of the theology of episcopacy and Eucharist. However, this view has since been complicated because Old Catholic bishops, whose orders are fully recognised as valid by Rome, have acted as\",\n \"title\": \"Bishop in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5515917\",\n \"text\": \"Rome. Some sources suggest that it was Pope Marcellinus (died 304 AD), while other sources suggest that this did not happen until the 6th century, with Pope John I (523–526 AD) the first to assume this title. Bestowing the title on Rome's pontiff did not strip it from Alexandria's, and the Roman Catholic Church recognizes this. From the 6th century, the imperial chancery of Constantinople normally reserved this designation for the Bishop of Rome.[47] From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the Bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by\",\n \"title\": \"Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14123254\",\n \"text\": \"impact on all of Latin America and on the Catholic Church, since it was explicitly atheist and Marxist in orientation and provided a model for other Latin American leftist revolutionaries to emulate. Pope John XXIII's call for a Second Vatican Council, bringing together Catholic clerics and instituting significant changes in the Catholic Church to increase the role of the laity, foster a less hierarchical church, and instill the need for social justice set off activity in Latin America as a whole and Brazil in particular. The Latin American Catholic Church became far more socially active. Increasing involvement in the education\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in Brazil\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13153193\",\n \"text\": \"with growing Irish domination of the Church. The Vatican grew alarmed in the 1890s, and the Pope issued an encyclical denouncing Americanism in theory. In \\\"Longinqua oceani\\\" (1895; “Wide Expanse of the Ocean”), Pope Leo XIII warned the American hierarchy not to export their unique system of separation of church and state. In 1898 he lamented an America where church and state are \\\"dissevered and divorced,\\\" and wrote of his preference for a closer relationship between the Catholic Church and the State. Finally, in his pastoral letter \\\"Testem benevolentiae\\\" (1899; “Witness to Our Benevolence”) to Cardinal James Gibbons, Pope Leo\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5158162\",\n \"text\": \"the Church needed to attend more closely to the world if it was to remain faithful to its calling, and marked a significant shift in theological method. The phrase has continued to be used in papal encyclicals by every pope since then. Sign of the times (Catholic Church) Sign of the times is a phrase strongly associated with the Catholic Church in the era of the Second Vatican Council of the 1960s. It was taken to mean that the church should listen to, and learn from, the world around it. In other words, it should learn to read the 'sign(s)\",\n \"title\": \"Sign of the times (Catholic Church)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12919159\",\n \"text\": \"Common Christological Declaration Between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East The Common Christological Declaration between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East was signed on November 11, 1994, by Pope John Paul II and Patriarch Dinkha IV. In this document the Assyrian and Catholic churches confessed the same doctrine concerning Christology (the divinity and humanity of Christ): The Word of God, second Person of the Holy Trinity, became incarnate by the power of the Holy Spirit in assuming from the holy Virgin Mary a body animated by a rational soul, with which he\",\n \"title\": \"Common Christological Declaration Between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7419647\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo The Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Of a population of 70,916,439, there are about 35 million Catholics in the country, representing about half of the total population There are six archdioceses and 41 dioceses. The largest of these is the Archdiocese of Kinshasa; the Vicar General of Kinshasa, Auxiliary Bishop Daniel Nlandu Mayi, is an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy For Life. The impact of the Catholic Church in the\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13256728\",\n \"text\": \"Saint Michael in the Catholic Church Saint Michael the Archangel is referenced in the Old Testament and has been part of Christian teachings since the earliest times. In Catholic writings and traditions he acts as the defender of the Church, and chief opponent of Satan; and assists souls at the hour of death. A widely used \\\"Prayer to Saint Michael\\\" was brought into official use by Pope Leo XIII in 1886 and was recommended by Pope John Paul II in 1994. The feast day of the archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael is September 29. The Catechism of the Catholic Church\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Michael in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2901384\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in France The Catholic Church in France is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome. Established in the 2nd century in unbroken communion with the bishop of Rome, it is sometimes called the \\\"eldest daughter of the church\\\". The first written records of Christians in France date from the 2nd century when Irenaeus detailed the deaths of ninety-year-old bishop Saint Pothinus of Lugdunum (Lyon) and other martyrs of the 177 AD persecution in Lyon. In 496 Remigius baptized King Clovis I, who therefore converted from paganism to Catholicism. In 800, Pope Leo\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in France\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2575557\",\n \"text\": \"X's confirmation \\\"was providential\\\" in respect to the future schism. Forced into hiding as a result of the Protestant Reformation, the diocesan structures of the Catholic Church of the Netherlands were dissolved. The Holland Mission started when Pope Clement VIII erected the Apostolic Vicariate of Batavia in 1592. Eventually, the church obtained a comfortable enough status with the local authorities so as to allow it to practice Catholicism as long as this did not take place in public or semi-public buildings and areas. However, conflicts arose between Jesuit missionaries sent from Rome and the local clergy. This was augmented by\",\n \"title\": \"Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6878702\",\n \"text\": \"position brought them into constant relation with the pope, and who resided in the papal palace, and by the highest prelates of the pope's personal suite. For long the \\\"cardinales palatini\\\" were: the cardinal prodatary, the Cardinal Secretary of State, the Cardinal Secretary of Briefs and the Cardinal secretary of Memorials. Pope Pius X (1903–1914) abolished the two last-mentioned positions, and Pope Paul VI abolished the Apostolic Dataria in 1967. The \\\"praelati palatini\\\" were: Palatinus in the Catholic Church Palatinus (plural: Palatini), Latin for \\\"palatial\\\", entered into designations for various ecclesiastical offices in the Catholic Church, primarily, of certain high\",\n \"title\": \"Palatinus in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12757941\",\n \"text\": \"mostly Catholic Tannese settlers wrote to the French government asking that the islands be claimed by France. The islands first native named bishop, Michel Visi, was named at April 12, 1997 and served till his death in 2007. An ambassador to the Holy See, Michel Rittie was chosen for the first time in 2003. Vanuatu sent a delegation of young people for the first time to World Youth Day 2008 when it was held in Sydney, Australia. Catholic Church in Vanuatu The Catholic Church in Vanuatu is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in Vanuatu\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174263\",\n \"text\": \"teachers, known collectively as the Church Fathers. From the year 100 onward, proto-orthodox teachers like Ignatius of Antioch and Irenaeus defined Catholic teaching in stark opposition to other things, such as Gnosticism. In the first few centuries of its existence, the Church formed its teachings and traditions into a systematic whole under the influence of theological apologists such as Pope Clement I, Justin Martyr and Augustine of Hippo. Unlike most religions in the Roman Empire, Christianity required its adherents to renounce all other gods, a practice adopted from Judaism. Christians' refusal to join pagan celebrations meant they were unable to\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7441090\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Gambia The Catholic Church in the Gambia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Gambia is a predominantly Muslim country (approximately 94% of the population). The Diocese of Banjul covers the whole of the country. Relations between the Muslim and Christian communities in Gambia are generally very good. The Catholic Church operates various missions including schools which children of Muslim parents attend. Of the minority Christian population, there are around 30,000 Catholics, which represents around 2% of the population. The history of the Catholic Church in the\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Gambia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14915917\",\n \"text\": \"of Newark covers the United States and Canada, while the patriarchal exarchate of Jerusalem covers Israel, Palestine and Jordan. The Syriac Catholic Church presently has eleven bishops: Basile Georges Casmoussa, 72, who had been the Archbishop of the Archeparchy of Mosul, was transferred to a position in the Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Curia. The Synod of Bishops of the Patriarchal Syriac Catholic Church elected the Protosyncellus (Vicar General) of the Archeparchy of Mosul, Father Boutros Moshe, 67, to be the new Archbishop. Pope Benedict XVI, consented to his canonical election on Tuesday, March 1, 2011, sealing the appointment, with ordination and\",\n \"title\": \"Dioceses of the Syriac Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10492903\",\n \"text\": \"First Martyrs of the Church of Rome The First Martyrs of the Church of Rome were Christians martyred in the city of Rome during Nero's persecution in 64. The event is recorded by both Tacitus and Pope Clement I, among others. They are celebrated in the Roman Catholic Church as an optional memorial on 30 June. Rome had a large Jewish population. The couple, Priscilla and Aquila, were tent makers from Pontus, whom Paul met in Corinth. They had lived in Rome until the emperor Claudius ordered all the Jews to leave the city. Suetonius mentions this as due to\",\n \"title\": \"First Martyrs of the Church of Rome\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7457036\",\n \"text\": \"The Church of England and the Church of Scotland had sole legal rights in Guyana until 1899, when the Catholic Church among others was given equal status. Most Catholics are Portuguese. The Georgetown Diocese was established in 1956. Its first native bishop was ordained in 1971. Catholic Church in Guyana The Catholic Church in Guyana is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Bishops in Guyana are members of Antilles Episcopal Conference. Like most other nations that form the AEC, the Apostolic delegate to the bishops' conference is also the Apostolic nuncio\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in Guyana\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6282453\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Philippines The Catholic Church in the Philippines (; ) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual direction of the Pope. The Philippines is one of the two nations in Asia having a substantial portion of the population professing the Catholic faith, aside from East Timor, and the third largest in the world after Brazil and Mexico. The episcopal conference responsible in governing the faith is the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. Christianity was introduced in the Philippine islands by Spanish missionaries and colonists, who arrived in waves beginning in the early 16th\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Philippines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7589559\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Isle of Man The Catholic Church in the Isle of Man is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Although not part of the United Kingdom, for geopolitical reasons the Isle of Man is part of the Archdiocese of Liverpool. There are Catholic churches in all of the main towns, the largest being St. Mary of the Isle in Douglas. A large percentage of the Catholics on the Isle of Man are Irish or of Irish descent. Following the English Reformation the allegiance of the Manx church to\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Isle of Man\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2901464\",\n \"text\": \"the Vatican. Under Rafael Trujillo's government, the power of the Catholic Church was limited. Although the Church remained apolitical during much of the Trujillo era, a 1960 pastoral letter of protest against mass arrests of government opponents seriously strained the relationship with the government. Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17017081\",\n \"text\": \"Rectory, Catholic Church of the Assumption Rectory, Catholic Church of the Assumption is a historic rectory at 563 Ocean Avenue in Ferndale, California which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The first Catholic church in Ferndale was completed on 9 May 1879 and served until 1895 when it was moved from the corner of Washington and Berding streets to another lot on Washington. The new church was built at Washington and Berding by J.W. Blackmore, at a cost of $4062.50 and dedicated on 16 August 1896. In 1883 the first rectory was replaced with a\",\n \"title\": \"Rectory, Catholic Church of the Assumption\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4911904\",\n \"text\": \"of the patriarch, major archbishop or metropolitan is also mentioned, because these also have direct responsibility within all the eparchies of the particular Church in question. For the same reason, every Catholic celebration of the Eucharist has a mention of the Pope by name. Ordination to the episcopate is the fullness of the priesthood and the completion of the sacrament of Holy Orders. Bishops are considered the successors of the apostles. Within the Catholic Church the following posts have similarities to that of a diocesan bishop, but are not necessarily held by a bishop. Canon 368 of the \\\"Code of\",\n \"title\": \"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2447496\",\n \"text\": \"Church of \\\"England\\\" these many years hath [sic] been read in Latin to the people, which they understand not; so that they have heard with their ears only, and their heart, spirit, and mind, have not been edified thereby.\\\" The French Catholic Church in the 18th century adapted vernacular missals in some dioceses. In 1794 the Synod of Pistoia, firmly influenced by Jansenism, rejected the use of Latin and demanded the use of the vernacular. In the 19th century the \\\"Old Catholic\\\" anti-primacy movements adopted the vernacular liturgy along with other reforms. In 1962 the encyclical \\\"Veterum sapientia\\\" of Pope\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13898781\",\n \"text\": \"John Lancaster Spalding, as well as the magazines \\\"Catholic World\\\" and \\\"Ave Marie.\\\" The true Catholic belief supposedly was close support of the Catholic Church by a government. Allegations were made by German American Catholic bishops in the Midwest, who are distrustful of the Irish to increasingly dominated the American Catholic Church.. The Vatican grew alarmed in the 1890s, and Pope Leo XIII issued an encyclical denouncing Americanism in theory. In \\\"Longinqua oceani\\\" (1895; “Wide Expanse of the Ocean”), Leo warned the American church leaders hierarchy not to export their unique system of separation of church and state. In 1898\",\n \"title\": \"19th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13909712\",\n \"text\": \"West, their work in education and medical care is increasingly being taken up by laypeople. Education of the young has been a major ministry for Catholic women in religious institutes and the Catholic Church produced many of the world's first women professors. Among the notable historical Catholic women teachers have been Trotula of Salerno the 11th-century physician, Dorotea Bucca who held a chair of medicine and philosophy at the University of Bologna from 1390, Elena Piscopia who, in 1678, became the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Philosophy, and Maria Agnesi, who was appointed around 1750 by Pope Benedict\",\n \"title\": \"Women in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13315314\",\n \"text\": \"of Our Lady of Guadalupe. When Pope John Paul II visited Mexico in 1979 as part of the Conference of Latin American Bishops' gathering in Puebla, President Miguel López Portillo (1976–82), gave the pope a warm welcome even though this was not a state visit. The top echelons of the hierarchy sought to continue the modus vivendi in Mexico, but as the Catholic Church underwent changes as a result of the Second Vatican Council, so too did a number of Mexican bishops and laypeople. The bishop of Cuernavaca, Sergio Méndez Arceo, initially appointed in 1953, became an active adherent of\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in Mexico\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12305220\",\n \"text\": \"vast majority of sex abuse cases occurred, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops commissioned a comprehensive study that found that four percent of all priests who served in the US from 1950 to 2002 faced some sort of sexual accusation. Further, the Church was widely criticized when it emerged that some bishops had known about abuse allegations, and reassigned many of the accused after first sending them to psychiatric counseling, instead of removing them. Some bishops and psychiatrists contended that the prevailing psychology of the times suggested that people could be cured of such behavior through counseling. Pope John\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church since 1962\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7593548\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Maldives The Catholic Church in the Maldives is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Annals of the Propagation of the Faith mentions that in 1833 after the consecration of Clément Bonnand as the Vicar Apostolic of Pondicherry, he was authorized by the Holy See to send missionaries to the Maldive Islands where the Christian faith has not reached. But there is not and has never been any Catholic territorial jurisdiction in the Maldives, but has been covered by the Archdiocese of Colombo in Sri Lanka since\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Maldives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20260596\",\n \"text\": \"I to judge?\\\" \\\"The problem,\\\" he said, \\\"is not having this orientation. We must be brothers.\\\" Several LGBT groups welcomed the comments, noting that this was the first time a pope had used the word \\\"gay\\\" in public, and had also accepted the existence of gay people as a recognizable part of the Catholic Church community. The Pope's attitude towards homosexuality earned him a place on the cover of the US gay news magazine \\\"The Advocate\\\". In October 2016, Francis said that \\\"When a person (who is gay) arrives before Jesus, Jesus certainly will not say, 'Go away because you\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church and homosexuality\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11960194\",\n \"text\": \"of Mary in salvation and redemption continued with Pope John Paul II's 1987 encyclical \\\"Redemptoris mater\\\" It was through Mary's intercession, through compassion for the hosts, at the marriage feast of Cana, that Jesus worked his first miracle. The \\\"Catechism of the Catholic Church\\\" states: \\\"From the most ancient times the Blessed Virgin has been honored with the title of 'Mother of God,' to whose protection the faithful fly in all their dangers and needs.\\\" The Eastern Catholic Churches observe the feast of the Intercession of the Theotokos in October. Roman Catholic views of the Virgin Mary as refuge and\",\n \"title\": \"Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12938819\",\n \"text\": \"of Rome to be merely one of greater honour, regarding him as \\\"\\\" (\\\"first among equals\\\"), without effective power over other churches. Other Orthodox Christian theologians, however, view primacy as authoritative power: the expression, manifestation and realization in one bishop of the power of all the bishops and of the unity of the Church. The Roman Catholic Church attributes to the primacy of the Pope \\\"full, supreme, and universal power over the whole Church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered,\\\" a power that it attributes also to the entire body of the bishops united with the pope. The\",\n \"title\": \"Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2447830\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the United States The Catholic Church in the United States is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome. With 20.8% of the United States population as of 2018, the Catholic Church is the country's second largest single religious group after Protestantism, but the country's largest religious denomination. The United States has the fourth largest Catholic population in the world after Brazil, Mexico and the Philippines, the largest Catholic minority population, and the largest English-speaking Catholic population. The central leadership body of the Catholic Church in the United States is the U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13459039\",\n \"text\": \"trips, parties or religious debates on secularism and religious issues, which remain sensitive subjects despite the separation of Church and the State. Finally, since the 1990s, greater participation has been noticed at gatherings of young people, as well as various national pilgrimage, indicating probable involvement of other Christians to the life of the Catholic Church. On the eve of the release of \\\"Summorum Pontificum\\\" by Pope Benedict XVI in 2007, the Tridentine Mass – which the Pope referred to as an \\\"extraordinary form of the Roman Rite\\\" – was celebrated in France on the basis of Pope John Paul II's\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church in France\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5515898\",\n \"text\": \"assumed by Pope John I Bishop of Rome (523–526), who ratified the Alexandrian computation of the date of Easter. Bestowing the title on Rome's pontiff did not strip it from Alexandria's, and the Roman Catholic Church recognizes this ecclesiastical fact. Since Alexandria was the capital of the province, the preaching center and the place of martyrdom of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle, the title “Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of all Africa on the Holy Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle\\\". also known as “Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa” in short, was\",\n \"title\": \"Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13868836\",\n \"text\": \"the falangist Spain of Franco. Pope Pius XI was moderately skeptical of Italian Fascism. To Pope Pius XI, Dollfuss in Austria was the ideal politician realising \\\"Quadragesimo anno\\\". In the 1937 encyclical \\\"Mit brennender Sorge\\\", drafted by the future Pope Pius XII, Pope Pius XI warned Catholics that antisemitism is incompatible with Christianity. Read from the pulpits of all German Catholic churches, it described Hitler as an insane and arrogant prophet and was the first official denunciation of Nazism made by any major organization. Nazi persecution of the Church in Germany then began by \\\"outright repression\\\" and \\\"staged prosecutions of\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the 20th century\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6852128\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Netherlands The Catholic Church in the Netherlands (), is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Its primate is the Metropolitan Archbishop of Utrecht, currently Willem Jacobus Eijk since 2008. Currently, Catholicism is the single largest religion of the Netherlands, forming some 11.7% of the Dutch people in 2015, based on indepth interviewing, down from 40% in the 1960s. Although the number of Catholics in the Netherlands has decreased significantly in recent decades, the Catholic Church remains today the largest religious group in the Netherlands. Once known as\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Netherlands\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12000884\",\n \"text\": \"ascertaining that they are beliefs already held in some form throughout the Catholic church. Both Pope Pius IX and Pope Pius XII consulted the bishops worldwide before proclaiming these dogmas. A movement to declare a third Marian dogma for \\\"Mediatrix\\\" and \\\"Co-Redemptrix\\\" was underway in the 1990s, an issue handled very delicately by the bishops at Vatican II. The term \\\"Dogma Catholicum\\\" was first used by Vincent of Lérins (450), referring to \\\"what all, everywhere and always believed\\\". In the year 565, Emperor Justinian declared the decisions of the first ecumenical councils as law \\\"because they are true dogmata of\",\n \"title\": \"Dogma in the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5515892\",\n \"text\": \"Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria The Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, a faith with ancient Christian roots in Egypt. The current holder of this position is Pope Tawadros II, who was selected as the 118th pope on November 18, 2012. Following the traditions of the church, the pope is chairman and head of the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria as a first among equals. The Holy Synod is the highest authority in the Church of Alexandria, which has between 12\",\n \"title\": \"Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4911881\",\n \"text\": \"for clergy in the Russian Orthodox Church, and is the style of the Bishop of Alexandria. Pope Marcellinus (d. 304) is the first Bishop of Rome shown in sources to have had the title \\\"pope\\\" used of him. From the 6th century, the imperial chancery of Constantinople normally reserved this designation for the Bishop of Rome. From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the Bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by the 11th century, when Pope Gregory VII declared it reserved for the Bishop of Rome. As bishop of\",\n \"title\": \"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19868911\",\n \"text\": \"frescoes of the church survived to our time without later changes. Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Budslav Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary () is a former Bernardine, now parish Catholic Church in village Budslau, Myadzyel Raion, Minsk Region, Belarus. The church is a monument of architecture of the late Baroque, it has Budslau icon of Our Lady - one of the most revered Catholic images. In 1996 Pope John Paul II proclaimed this icon the patron of Belarus. First time the church was mentioned in documents in 1504, when the Grand Duke\",\n \"title\": \"Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Budslav\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17402532\",\n \"text\": \"early twentieth century, Oriental canon law had been in the process of codification. Some of these Oriental canon law reforms were promulgated by Pope Pius XII. The codification effort culminated with the Pope John Paul II's 1990 promulgation of the \\\"Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium\\\" (CCEO, Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches) which incorporates certain differences in the hierarchical, administrative, and judicial \\\"fora\\\" for the 23 \\\"sui juris\\\" particular Eastern Catholic Churches, which were each encouraged to issue codes of particular law peculiar to each church, so that all of the Catholic Church's canon law would be codified. Legal history\",\n \"title\": \"Legal history of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2447498\",\n \"text\": \"particular the Second Vatican Council, as not benefitting the advancement of the Church. Some groups, such as the Society of St. Pius X, saying the Church has betrayed the core values of Catholicism, have rejected some of the decisions of the Holy See that they see harmful to the faith. They have in common the firm adherence to the Tridentine Latin Mass that was used, with some changes, for 400 years prior to 1970. A numerically minor group, the sedevacantists, have characterized the current Pontiffs of the Catholic Church as heretics. This group says that the current Pope (as well,\",\n \"title\": \"Criticism of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4911895\",\n \"text\": \"First Vatican Council, laid down that cardinals have precedence over all other prelates, even patriarchs. The 1983 Code of Canon Law did not deal with questions of precedence. The cardinalate is not an integral part of the theological structure of the Catholic Church, but largely an honorific distinction that has its origins in the 1059 assignation of the right of electing the Pope exclusively to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian dioceses. Because of their resulting importance, the term \\\"cardinal\\\" (from Latin \\\"cardo\\\", meaning \\\"hinge\\\") was applied to them. In the 12th century the\",\n \"title\": \"Hierarchy of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15167115\",\n \"text\": \"a year, during Eastertide. As a growing trend during the second half of the 2010s, many US dioceses of Latin Rite are officially returning to the traditional order of the three sacraments of Christian initiation, that is: Baptism, Confirmation and, lastly, the first Communion. This order of Sacraments has ever refererred in the Catechism of Roman Catholic Church (n. 1212), and “The holy Eucharist completes our Christian initiation” (N. 1322). The current order -with Eucharist preceding the Confirmation- was started in 1910 with the decree by Pope Pius X, \\\"Quam Singulari Christus Amore\\\" (transl.: “How Special Christ’s Love”), which said\",\n \"title\": \"Sacraments of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12174313\",\n \"text\": \"Catholics were allowed to continue some of their schools. The end of the Napoleonic wars, signaled by the Congress of Vienna, brought Catholic revival and the return of the Papal States to the pope; the Jesuits were restored. France remained basically Catholic. The census of 1872 counted 36 million people, of whom 35.4 million were listed as Catholics, 600,000 as Protestants, 50,000 as Jews and 80,000 as freethinkers The Revolution failed to destroy the Catholic Church, and Napoleon's concordat of 1801 restored its status. The return of the Bourbons in 1814 brought back many rich nobles and landowners who supported\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Catholic Church\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2901463\",\n \"text\": \"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic The Catholic Church in Dominican Republic is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Catholic Church is the world's largest Christian Church, and its largest religious grouping. There are an estimated 7.6 million baptised Catholics in the Dominican Republic, (78% of the population), in 11 territorial dioceses and one military ordinariate, served by 800 priests. Within the Dominican Republic the hierarchy consists of: The Dominican Republic offers religious freedom, but the Catholic Church still enjoys certain favors, in particular due to a 1954 concordat with\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in the Dominican Republic\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7266533\",\n \"text\": \"and preparations for a Papal visit gained traction. On May 23, 2002, Pope John Paul II visited the country, despite his increasingly fragile health. He was initially invited by Azerbaijan's president, Heydar Aliyev. Thanks to his visit, President Aliyev gave the Catholic Church a plot of land to build a church. The building was funded by proceeds from Pope John Paul II's book sales and foreign donations. Delegates from Azerbaijan attended the first Congress of Catholic Laity of Eastern Europe in 2003. When Archbishop Claudio Gugerotti, the apostolic nuncio to Azerbaijan, visited the country he encountered many elderly believers who\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in Azerbaijan\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["paul the apostle","saint peter"],"string":"[\n \"paul the apostle\",\n \"saint peter\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2197,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what did amerigo vespucci explore?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"21618","text":"Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci (; ; March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. Born in the Republic of Florence, he became a naturalized citizen of the Crown of Castile in 1505. Vespucci first demonstrated in about 1502 that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass theretofore unknown to people of the Old World. Colloquially referred to as the New World, it came to be termed \"the Americas\", a name derived from \"Americus\", the Latin version of Vespucci's","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21618\",\n \"text\": \"Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci (; ; March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. Born in the Republic of Florence, he became a naturalized citizen of the Crown of Castile in 1505. Vespucci first demonstrated in about 1502 that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass theretofore unknown to people of the Old World. Colloquially referred to as the New World, it came to be termed \\\"the Americas\\\", a name derived from \\\"Americus\\\", the Latin version of Vespucci's\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"21619","text":"first name. Amerigo Vespucci was born and raised in Florence on the Italian Peninsula. He was the third son of Ser Nastagio (Anastasio) Vespucci, a Florentine notary, and Lisabetta Mini. The father of Ser Nastagio (Anastasio) Vespucci had the name Amerigo Vespucci also. His family lived close to the Ognissanti church, the church of \"All Saints\", also dedicated to san Salvatore, the \"saint Saviour\": these familiar places may have influenced the later decision to name the Bay of All Saints and the city of Salvador, Bahia. Amerigo Vespucci was educated by his uncle, Fra Giorgio Antonio Vespucci, a Dominican friar","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"19795025","text":"are mandatory. Colegio Amerigo Vespucci Colegio Amerigo Vespucci is an Italian private school in Caracas, Venezuela. The college is named after Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer who first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Old Worlders: even because of this demonstration the name \"America\" of this landmass is derived from him. The school is an italo-venezuelan \"Unidad educativa\" in the capital Caracas and has \"kinder\", \"elementary\" and \"bachelor\" (or high school) sections, where the","title":"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"19795021","text":"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci Colegio Amerigo Vespucci is an Italian private school in Caracas, Venezuela. The college is named after Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer who first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Old Worlders: even because of this demonstration the name \"America\" of this landmass is derived from him. The school is an italo-venezuelan \"Unidad educativa\" in the capital Caracas and has \"kinder\", \"elementary\" and \"bachelor\" (or high school) sections, where the Italian language","title":"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"8444100","text":"structures but also to be an obviously modern structure. Ponte Amerigo Vespucci Ponte Amerigo Vespucci is a bridge over the Arno River in Florence, Italy and named after Florence-born explorer Amerigo Vespucci. It joins the Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci to the Lungarno Soderini. To the east is the Ponte alla Carraia. This bridge, like most of the other bridges over the Arno, is a reconstruction. Plans were made in 1908 to bridge this section of the Arno to service quartiere di San Frediano, but the plans were never realized. In 1949, a bridge, ponte di via Melegnano, was constructed from the","title":"Ponte Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"8444098","text":"Ponte Amerigo Vespucci Ponte Amerigo Vespucci is a bridge over the Arno River in Florence, Italy and named after Florence-born explorer Amerigo Vespucci. It joins the Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci to the Lungarno Soderini. To the east is the Ponte alla Carraia. This bridge, like most of the other bridges over the Arno, is a reconstruction. Plans were made in 1908 to bridge this section of the Arno to service quartiere di San Frediano, but the plans were never realized. In 1949, a bridge, ponte di via Melegnano, was constructed from the recycled remains of other bridges that had been destroyed","title":"Ponte Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21639","text":"Spain, Vespucci became a Spanish citizen. On March 22, 1508 he was made the pilot major of Spain by Ferdinand II of Aragon in honor of his discoveries. Vespucci also ran a school for navigators in the Spanish House of Trade, based in Seville. He died on February 22, 1512 at his home in Seville, Spain. Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci (; ; March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. Born in the Republic of Florence, he became a naturalized citizen of the Crown of Castile in 1505. Vespucci first demonstrated in about 1502 that","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"20533175","text":"Vespucci in the letter also wrote \"we...discovered a very large country of Asia\" Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, sailed for Spain in an effort to explore Asia. By sailing southwest from the Atlantic Ocean, Vespucci and his crew ended up discovering South America, which he initially thought was connected to Asia. Vespucci wrote the “Letter from Seville” in Seville, Spain after finishing his voyage in order to summarize all his discoveries in South America. Vespucci was satisfied with the voyage because he crossed the equator successfully and explored the tropics, which were called the Torrid Zone at that time, and","title":"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville"},{"psg_id":"21624","text":"the Indies. Two letters attributed to Vespucci were published during his lifetime. \"Mundus Novus\" (New World) was a Latin translation of a lost Italian letter sent from Lisbon to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici. It describes a voyage to South America in 1501–1502. \"Mundus Novus\" was published in late 1502 or early 1503 and soon reprinted and distributed in numerous European countries. \"Lettera di Amerigo Vespucci delle isole nuovamente trovate in quattro suoi viaggi\" (Letter of Amerigo Vespucci concerning the isles newly discovered on his four voyages), known as \"Lettera al Soderini\" or just \"Lettera\", was a letter in Italian","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"19795024","text":"students in the Italian community of Caracas attended mainly these two \"scuole\", with rivalry also in sport matches (like soccer). The Directors of the Vespucci in 1981 created the \"University Institute of Technology \"Amerigo Vespucci\" (UITAV)\" and in 1988 from the UITAV there were graduates in \"Senior Technical Business Administration of Business Administration and of Accounting & Finance\" (in the next fourteen years the IUTAV did two additional courses: Computers and Advertising & Marketing). Actually the Colegio Vespucci is a \"Unidad Educativa\" with more than 2000 students. In the Venezuelan \"bachillerato\" of the Colegio Vespucci the courses of Italian language","title":"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"2606899","text":"in the Azores Islands, and it will cross the Atlantic Ocean to the Northern Europe. In April 2015 tender NC90 was replaced by the following: Official web sites: Other web sites: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci The Amerigo Vespucci is a tall ship of the Italian Navy (\"Marina Militare\") named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. Its home port is La Spezia, Italy, and it is in use as a school ship. In 1925, the Regia Marina ordered two school ships to a design by General Lieutenant Francesco Rotundi of the Italian Navy Engineering Corps, inspired by the style of large","title":"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"2606892","text":"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci The Amerigo Vespucci is a tall ship of the Italian Navy (\"Marina Militare\") named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. Its home port is La Spezia, Italy, and it is in use as a school ship. In 1925, the Regia Marina ordered two school ships to a design by General Lieutenant Francesco Rotundi of the Italian Navy Engineering Corps, inspired by the style of large late 18th century 74-cannon ships of the line (like the neapolitan ship \"Monarca\"). The first, the \"Cristoforo Colombo\", was put into service in 1928 and was used by the Italian Navy","title":"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21620","text":"of the monastery of San Marco in Florence. While his elder brothers were sent to the University of Pisa to pursue scholarly careers, Amerigo Vespucci embraced a mercantile life, and was hired as a clerk by the Florentine commercial house of Medici, headed by Lorenzo de' Medici. Vespucci acquired the favor and protection of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, who became the head of the business after the elder Lorenzo's death in 1492. In March 1492, the Medici dispatched the thirty-eight-year-old Vespucci and Donato Niccolini as confidential agents to look into the Medici branch office in Cádiz (Spain), whose managers","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"20533184","text":"other verified voyage of 1501 was sponsored by Portugal. This voyage lead Vespucci to the realization that he had not reached Asia, but instead a \"New World.\" He potentially undertook another voyage in 1504. Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville Amerigo Vespucci's Letter from Seville (18 July 1500), written to his patron Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, describes experiences on Alonso de Ojeda's May 1499 voyage. Vespucci's findings during the Age of Discovery led Europeans to believe that North and South America were not connected to Asia, which was a common belief at the time and was even held by Vespucci","title":"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville"},{"psg_id":"20533173","text":"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville Amerigo Vespucci's Letter from Seville (18 July 1500), written to his patron Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, describes experiences on Alonso de Ojeda's May 1499 voyage. Vespucci's findings during the Age of Discovery led Europeans to believe that North and South America were not connected to Asia, which was a common belief at the time and was even held by Vespucci himself. Despite the surrounding controversy among many historians about which Vespucci letters were real, and which ones were forged, this particular letter of Vespucci's is notable for its detailed description of the Brazilian coast","title":"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville"},{"psg_id":"19795022","text":"lessons are mandatory. The Colegio Vespucci was home of the Italian \"Istituto tecnico per geometri \"Luigi Einaudi\"\", mainly during the 1970s and 1980s. The Colegio Italo venezolano \"Amerigo Vespucci\" (called \"Scuola Vespucci\" by the Italians) was created on May 27, 1958 in the urbanization \"La Carlota\", Caracas, by famous professor Maria Cerolini with a group of thirty-five (35) Italian students, distributed between preschool and basic education from first through fourth grade (the courses were only in Italian language). In 1962 it changed its headquarters to the urbanization \"Los Chorros\" of eastern Caracas in a bigger building. The students were now","title":"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"2606898","text":"and South America, and navigated the Pacific. In 2002, she undertook a voyage around the world. The \"Amerigo Vespucci\" often takes part in sailing parades and Tall Ships' Races, where she is in amicable rivalry with the \"Gorch Fock\". When she is berthed in port, public tours of the vessel are usually offered. On 7 July 2018, \"Amerigo Vespucci\" arrived to the port of Almeria. It is the third time it visited Almería: the first one was in 1932, and the second one was in 1989. It left the city on 10 July. Then it will travel to Ponta Delgada,","title":"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"2606895","text":"to the two gun decks of the ships her design is based on, but she carries only two 6pdr saluting guns in pivot mountings on the deck, forward of the mainmast. The deck planks are of teak wood and must be replaced every three years. Bow and stern are decorated with intricate ornaments; she has a life-size figurehead of Amerigo Vespucci. The stern gallery is accessible only through the Captain's saloon. The standard crew of the \"Amerigo Vespucci\" is 16 officers, 70 non-commissioned officers and 190 sailors. In summer, when she embarks the midshipmen of the Naval Academy (\"Accademia Navale\"),","title":"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"2606894","text":"tons. Under auxiliary diesel-electric propulsion the \"Amerigo Vespucci\" can reach and has a range of 5450 nm at 6.5 knots. The three steel masts are 50, 54 and 43 metres high, and carry sails totalling . The \"Amerigo Vespucci\" has 26 sails – square sails, staysails, and jibs: all are traditional canvas sails. When under sail in severe sea and wind conditions she can reach . The rig, some 30 km of ropes, uses only traditional hemp ropes; only the mooring lines are synthetic, to comply with port regulations. The hull is painted black with two white stripes, harking back","title":"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21628","text":"view. The book accompanying the map stated: \"I do not see what right any one would have to object to calling this part, after Americus who discovered it and who is a man of intelligence, Amerige, that is, the Land of Americus, or America: since both Europa and Asia got their names from women\". It is possible that Vespucci was not aware that Waldseemüller had named the continent after him. The two disputed letters claim that Vespucci made four voyages to America, while at most two can be verified from other sources. At the moment, there is a dispute between","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21632","text":"New World, leaving Spain in May 1497 and returning in October 1498. However, some modern scholars have doubted that this voyage took place, and consider this letter a forgery. Whoever did write the letter makes several observations of native customs, including use of hammocks and sweat lodges. About 1499–1500, Vespucci joined an expedition in the service of Spain, with Alonso de Ojeda (or Hojeda) as the fleet commander. The intention was to sail around the southern end of the African mainland into the Indian Ocean. After hitting land at the coast of what is now Guyana, the two seem to","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21623","text":"continent America after the feminine Latin version of Vespucci's first name, which is Americus. In an accompanying book, Waldseemüller published one of the Vespucci accounts, which led to criticism that Vespucci was trying to upset Christopher Columbus' glory. However, the rediscovery in the 18th century of other letters by Vespucci has led to the view that the early published accounts, notably the Soderini Letter, could be fabrications, not by Vespucci, but by others. In 1508, the position of chief of navigation of Spain (\"piloto mayor de Indias\") was created for Vespucci, with the responsibility of planning navigation for voyages to","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"2606893","text":"until 1943. After World War II, this ship was handed over to the USSR as part of the war reparations and was shortly afterwards decommissioned. The second ship was the \"Amerigo Vespucci\", built in 1930 at the (formerly Royal) Naval Shipyard of Castellammare di Stabia (Naples). She was launched on February 22, 1931, and put into service in July of that year. The vessel is a full rigged three-masted steel hull long, with an overall length of including the bowsprit and a maximum width of . She has a draught of about and a displacement at full load of 4146","title":"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"2606897","text":"fitted with new radar GEM Elettronica AN/SPS-753(V)5, new satellite antenna ORBIT AL-7103. When carrying cadets, the ship is usually steered from the manual stern rudder station, which is operated by four steering wheels with two men each. At other times, the hydraulically assisted steering on the bridge is used. Except for the anchor winch, the winches aboard are not power operated. The bridge is equipped with sophisticated modern electronic navigation instruments. Other than during World War II, the \"Amerigo Vespucci\" has been continually active. Most of her training cruises are in European waters, but she has also sailed to North","title":"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21622","text":"secured beef supplies for at least one (if not two) of Columbus' voyages. Vespucci claimed at the invitation of king Manuel I of Portugal, Vespucci participated as observer in several voyages that explored the east coast of South America between 1499 and 1502. On the first of these voyages Vespucci claimed he was aboard the ship that discovered that South America extended much further south than previously thought. Vespucci's expeditions became known in Europe after two accounts attributed to Vespucci were published between 1502 and 1503. In 1507, Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the new","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21637","text":"also disputed to have taken place. The only source of information for the last voyage is the \"Letter to Soderini\", but as several modern scholars dispute Vespucci's authorship of the letter to Soderini, it is also sometimes doubted whether Vespucci undertook this trip. However, Portuguese documents do confirm a voyage to Brazil was undertaken in 1503–04 by the captain Gonçalo Coelho, very likely the same captain of the 1501 mapping expedition (Vespucci's third voyage), and so it is quite possible that Vespucci went on board this one as well. However, it is not independently confirmed Vespucci was aboard and there","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21633","text":"have separated. Vespucci sailed southward, discovering the mouth of the Amazon River and reaching 6°S, before turning around and seeing Trinidad and the Orinoco River and returning to Spain by way of Hispaniola. The letter, to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, claims that Vespucci determined his longitude celestially on August 23, 1499, while on this voyage. However, that claim may be fraudulent, which could cast doubt on the letter's credibility. The last certain voyage of Vespucci was led by Gonçalo Coelho in 1501–1502 in the service of Portugal. Departing from Lisbon, the fleet sailed first to Cape Verde where they","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21626","text":"world. Vespucci even developed a rudimentary, but fairly accurate method of determining longitude (which only more accurate chronometers would later improve upon). In the 18th century, three unpublished familiar letters from Vespucci to Lorenzo de' Medici were rediscovered. One describes a voyage made in 1499–1500 which corresponds with the second of the \"four voyages\". Another was written from Cape Verde in 1501 in the early part of the third of the four voyages, before crossing the Atlantic. The third letter was sent from Lisbon after the completion of that voyage. Some have suggested that Vespucci, in the two letters published","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21621","text":"and dealings were under suspicion. In April 1495, by the intrigues of Bishop Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca, the Crown of Castile broke their monopoly deal with Christopher Columbus and began handing out licenses to other navigators for the West Indies. Just around this time (1495–96), Vespucci was engaged as the executor of Giannotto Berardi, an Italian merchant who had recently died in Seville. Vespucci organized the fulfillment of Berardi's outstanding contract with the Castilian crown to provide twelve vessels for the Indies. After these were delivered, Vespucci continued as a provision contractor for Indies expeditions, and is known to have","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"6402106","text":"Simonetta Vespucci Simonetta Vespucci (née Cattaneo; 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed \"la bella Simonetta\", was an Italian noblewoman from Genoa, the wife of Marco Vespucci of Florence and the cousin-in-law of Amerigo Vespucci. She was known as the greatest beauty of her age in Northern Italy, and was allegedly the model for many paintings by Sandro Botticelli, Piero di Cosimo, and other Florentine painters. (Some art historians have taken issue with these attributions, which the Victorian critic John Ruskin has been blamed for promulgating.) Simonetta Vespucci was born Simonetta Cattaneo circa 1453 in a part of the Republic of","title":"Simonetta Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"6402116","text":"noting that the inscription of her name at the bottom of the painting may have been added at a later date. Simonetta Vespucci Simonetta Vespucci (née Cattaneo; 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed \"la bella Simonetta\", was an Italian noblewoman from Genoa, the wife of Marco Vespucci of Florence and the cousin-in-law of Amerigo Vespucci. She was known as the greatest beauty of her age in Northern Italy, and was allegedly the model for many paintings by Sandro Botticelli, Piero di Cosimo, and other Florentine painters. (Some art historians have taken issue with these attributions, which the Victorian critic John","title":"Simonetta Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"18923936","text":"the band had signed to Polyvinyl Record Co. Antarctigo Vespucci Antarctigo Vespucci is an indie rock band composed of Chris Farren of Fake Problems and Jeff Rosenstock of Bomb the Music Industry. Farren and Rosenstock began recording as a band in early 2014 with their debut EP \"Soulmate Stuff,\" with Benny Horowitz of The Gaslight Anthem on drums. They released their first full-length, \"Leavin' La Vida Loca\", in 2015. The band explains their name as a joke: \"Amerigo Vespucci is the guy who discovered America so it stands to reason that Antarctigo Vespucci would be the guy who discovered Antarctica.\"","title":"Antarctigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"18923935","text":"Antarctigo Vespucci Antarctigo Vespucci is an indie rock band composed of Chris Farren of Fake Problems and Jeff Rosenstock of Bomb the Music Industry. Farren and Rosenstock began recording as a band in early 2014 with their debut EP \"Soulmate Stuff,\" with Benny Horowitz of The Gaslight Anthem on drums. They released their first full-length, \"Leavin' La Vida Loca\", in 2015. The band explains their name as a joke: \"Amerigo Vespucci is the guy who discovered America so it stands to reason that Antarctigo Vespucci would be the guy who discovered Antarctica.\" On August 22, 2018, it was announced that","title":"Antarctigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21638","text":"are some difficulties in the reported dates and details. The letters caused controversy after Vespucci's death, especially among the supporters of Columbus who believed Columbus' priority for the discovery of America was being undermined, and seriously damaged Vespucci's reputation. Vespucci was a cousin of the husband of Simonetta Vespucci. He married Maria Cerezo. One of the very few references to Amerigo's wife is contained in a royal decree dated May 22, 1512, giving his widow, Maria Cerezo a lifetime pension of ten thousand maravedís per annum deducted from the salary of her husband's successor. Not long after his return to","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21635","text":"de la Plata, which he must have seen if he had gotten that far south. Portuguese maps of South America, created after the voyage of Coelho and Vespucci, do not show any land south of present-day Cananéia at 25° S, so this may represent the southernmost extent of their voyages. After the first half of the expedition, Vespucci mapped Alpha and Beta Centauri, as well as the constellation Crux, the Southern Cross and the Coalsack Nebula. Although these stars had been known to the ancient Greeks, gradual precession had lowered them below the European horizon so that they had been","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21627","text":"in his lifetime, was exaggerating his role and constructed deliberate fabrications. However, many scholars now believe that the two letters were not written by him but were fabrications by others based in part on genuine letters by Vespucci. It was the publication and widespread circulation of the letters that might have led Waldseemüller to name the new continent America on his world map of 1507 in Lorraine. Vespucci used a Latinised form of his name, \"Americus Vespucius\", in his Latin writings, which Waldseemüller used as a base for the new name, taking the feminine form \"America\", according to the prevalent","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"6402108","text":"names her parents slightly differently, as Gaspare Cattaneo and Chateroccia di Marco Spinola. At age sixteen she married Marco Vespucci, son of Piero, who was a distant cousin of the explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci. They met in April 1469, when she was with her parents at the church of San Torpete in Genoa; the doge Piero il Fregoso and much of the Genoese nobility were present. Marco had been sent to Genoa by his father, Piero, to study at the Banco di San Giorgio. Smitten with Simonetta, Marco was accepted by her parents as his daughter's prospective bridegroom; they","title":"Simonetta Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"20533176","text":"investigated rivers and different plant and animal species. Many authors have criticized \"Letter from Seville\" as being falsified information, accusing Vespucci of never truly making the voyage to Brazil or over exaggerating his role. Thomas More describes Europe in \"Utopia: A Revised Translation, Backgrounds, Criticism\" as fundamentally corrupt, creating a culture in which Vespucci would feel encouraged to recreate experiences heard from others. Other's place blame on mapmakers and interpreters of Vespucci's time. Felipe Frenández-Armesto describes Vespucci as a common Italian sailor, whose writings were misinterpreted by contemporaries. Frenádez-Arnestio firmly establishes that only two of the four voyages were factual,","title":"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville"},{"psg_id":"21636","text":"forgotten. On his return to Lisbon, Vespucci wrote in a letter from Seville to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici that the land masses they explored were much larger than anticipated and different from the Asia described by Ptolemy or Marco Polo and therefore, must be a New World, that is, a previously unknown fourth continent, after Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vespucci's fourth voyage was another expedition for the Portuguese crown down the eastern coast of Brazil, that set out in May 1503 and returned to Portugal in June 1504. Like his alleged first voyage, Vespucci's last voyage in 1503–1504 is","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21634","text":"met two of Pedro Álvares Cabral's ships returning from India. In a letter from Cape Verde, Vespucci says that he hopes to visit the same lands that Álvares Cabral had explored, suggesting that the intention is to sail west to Asia, as on the 1499–1500 voyage. On reaching the coast of Brazil, they sailed south along the coast of South America to Rio de Janeiro's bay. If his own account is to be believed, he reached the latitude of Patagonia before turning back, although this also seems doubtful, since his account does not mention the broad estuary of the Río","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"21631","text":"opinion is false and utterly opposed to the truth ... my last voyage has made manifest; for in those southern parts I have found a continent more densely peopled and abounding in animals than our Europe Asia or Africa, and, in addition, a climate milder and more delightful than in any other region known to us, as you shall learn in the following account.\" The first and fourth voyages are perhaps fabricated, but the second and third are certain. A letter published in 1504 purports to be an account by Vespucci, written to Soderini, of a lengthy visit to the","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"20533183","text":"began to believe many of the documents were forgeries, including the documents about what had been believed to be his first voyage. Due to this dispute in the records, it is unknown how many voyages he undertook. Historians are confident the voyage of 1499 took place while the reports of a previous journey are dubious. On this journey with four ships, Vespucci traveled to present day Guyana then south to the mouth of the Amazon River and continued south, potentially as far as Cape St. Augustine before turning back. On the journey home, he went to Trinidad and Hispaniola. His","title":"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville"},{"psg_id":"20533174","text":"and its inhabitants. Antonello Gerbi argues that the 1500 \"Letter from Seville\", the 4 July 1501 \"Letter from Cape Verdi,\" and the 1502 \"Letter from Lisbon,\" all written to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, are the only three authentic Vespucci letters. In 1497, Vespucci sailed with Spain and left Cadiz, Spain on his first journey where he was sailing through the West Indies. In the \"Letter from Seville\", he wrote that \"we sailed for about thirteen hundred leagues to that land from the city of Cadiz\" However, the voyage in 1497 was to reach the West Indies instead of Brazil.","title":"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville"},{"psg_id":"20533182","text":"ships ended because he began work in Spain as a consultant.His name was immortalized by German cartographer, Martin Waldseemüller, in 1507 who used the word \"America\" on a map of the new continent. In 1508, he became the chief navigator overseeing voyages and compiling data into maps for Spain. He continued with this well respected job until his death. Vespucci contributed to the Age of Exploration both as an explorer and Spanish official. The Voyage of 1499 was sponsored by Spain. This voyage was considered the second voyage for centuries until the 20th century when controversy arose because some historians","title":"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville"},{"psg_id":"14013414","text":"worms infect it. Perhaps seen by Amerigo Vespucci in 1503, it was first formally described in 1839. Its subsequent taxonomic history has been complex, riddled with confusion with \"Trachylepis maculata\" and other species, homonyms, and other problems. The species is classified in the otherwise mostly African genus \"Trachylepis\" and is thought to have reached its island from Africa by rafting. The enigmatic \"Trachylepis tschudii\", supposedly from Peru, may well be the same species. In an early account of what may be Fernando de Noronha, purportedly based on a voyage by Amerigo Vespucci in 1503, the island was said to be","title":"Noronha skink"},{"psg_id":"13837542","text":"in the name of England. Nearly at the same time, between 1499 and 1502 the brothers Gaspar and Miguel Corte Real explored and named the coasts of Greenland, Labrador and also Newfoundland, naming \"\"Terra Verde\"\" the explored North American coasts. Both explorations were signaled in 1502 Cantino planisphere. It was soon understood that Columbus had not reached Asia, but rather found what was to Europeans a New World, which in 1507 was named \"America\", probably after Amerigo Vespucci, on the Waldseemüller map. In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral was sent by Portugal to explore South America. He is considered to be","title":"Exploration of North America"},{"psg_id":"2023513","text":"Marsilio Ficino, Angelo Poliziano and Giorgio Antonio Vespucci (uncle of the navigator Amerigo Vespucci; Amerigo was a fellow-student and, from the 1483, became an employee and friend of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco; in the early 1500s, Amerigo Vespucci would send most of his famous letters on the \"New World\" to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco). Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco emerged with the reputation as a man of liberal views, a poet and art connoisseur in his own right. In ca. 1485, he commissioned an illuminated manuscript of Dante's \"Divine Comedy\" featuring artwork by Botticelli. In 1482, Lorenzo il Magnifico arranged for the marriage between","title":"Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici"},{"psg_id":"3253806","text":"1506-1507 and Brazil in 1508 with Vicente Yáñez Pinzón. He became a Pilot-Major of Spain in 1512 following the death of Amerigo Vespucci, and was thereafter commissioned to update the Padrón Real with Juan Vespucci. Two years after appointment to this office, Díaz de Solís prepared an expedition to explore the southern part of the new American continent. His three ships and crew of 70 men sailed from Sanlúcar de Barrameda, in Spain, on 8 October 1515. He followed the eastern coast of South America southward as far as the mouth of the Río de la Plata. He reached and","title":"Juan Díaz de Solís"},{"psg_id":"796561","text":"coast of South America to the bay of present-day Rio de Janeiro. Among his crew was the Florentine Amerigo Vespucci. According to Vespucci, the expedition reached the latitude \"South Pole elevation 52° S\" in the \"cold\" latitudes of what is now Patagonia, near the Strait of Magellan, before turning back. Vespucci wrote that they headed toward the southwest-south, following \"a long, unbending coastline\". This seems controversial, since he changed part of his description in the subsequent letter (stating that around 32° S, they made a shift to open sea, to south-southeast), maintaining, however, that they reached a similar 50° S","title":"Portuguese colonization of the Americas"},{"psg_id":"5729661","text":"by the Spanish monarchs at Toro in 1505, and continued at Burgos in 1508, to digest all existing information about the Indies, come to an agreement on what had really been discovered, and set out the future goals of Spanish exploration. Amerigo Vespucci attended both conferences, and seems to have had an outsized influence on them – Vespucci ended up being appointed the first \"piloto mayor\", the chief of the navigation of Spain, at Burgos. Although the proceedings of the Toro-Burgos conferences are missing, it is almost certain that Vespucci articulated his recent \"New World\" thesis to his fellow navigators","title":"New World"},{"psg_id":"5616044","text":"Greve in Chianti. The central church is currently undergoing renovations. A house in the circular main street of Montefioralle is pointed out as the birthplace of Amerigo Vespucci. The doorway is identified by the wasp (\"vespa\") and V of the Vespucci family. Montefioralle Montefioralle is a village in Tuscany, a \"frazione\" of the \"comune\" of Greve in Chianti. It is sometimes claimed to be the birthplace of Amerigo Vespucci. The village lies about a mile west of Greve. Town and village were an important stronghold during the wars between Florence and Siena. In 1250 it became the headquarters of the","title":"Montefioralle"},{"psg_id":"11775487","text":"of Brozzi, until 1928, when the latter's communal status was suppressed and its territories partitioned. Peretola fell into portion assigned to the commune of Florence, and was integrated into the administrative ward of Quartiere 5 (Rifredi). A house in Peretola (No. 8, on the corner of via Peretola and via del Campagnie) is claimed to be the original home of the Vespucci family, and birthplace of the celebrated navigator Amerigo Vespucci (although Amerigo Vespucci was raised in their urban home in the Ognissanti quarter of the city of Florence proper). Peretola is also the native village of Tommaso Masini, nicknamed","title":"Peretola"},{"psg_id":"21630","text":"new regions which we found and explored ... we may rightly call a new world. Because our ancestors had no knowledge of them, and it will be a matter wholly new to all those who hear about them, for this transcends the view held by our ancients, inasmuch as most of them hold that there is no continent to the south beyond the equator, but only the sea which they named the Atlantic and if some of them did aver that a continent there was, they denied with abundant argument that it was a habitable land. But that this their","title":"Amerigo Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"14707086","text":"Agostino Vespucci Agostino Vespucci was an Italian chancellery official, clerk, and assistant to Niccolò Machiavelli, among others. He is most well known for helping to confirm the subject of Leonardo da Vinci's \"Mona Lisa\" as Lisa del Giocondo, but is also the author of a number of surviving letters and manuscripts. The identity of the young woman in Leonardo's \"Mona Lisa\" had been difficult to ascertain due to a lack of decisive contemporary sources of information about the painting. This changed upon the discovery of a comment written by Vespucci in the margin of a 1477 edition of Cicero's \",","title":"Agostino Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"7078243","text":"more than a decade in quiet retirement, died at the age of 73 at Rome as the result of a domestic accident. Amerigo Dumini Amerigo Dumini (January 3, 1894 – December 25, 1967) was an American-born Italian fascist hitman who led the group responsible for the 1924 assassination of Unitary Socialist Party leader Giacomo Matteotti. Born in St. Louis, United States, the son of Italian and British immigrants, Amerigo Dumini moved to Italy and in 1913 he joined the army renouncing his US citizenship. During the First World War he was an assault trooper and was severely wounded and decorated.","title":"Amerigo Dumini"},{"psg_id":"7078237","text":"Amerigo Dumini Amerigo Dumini (January 3, 1894 – December 25, 1967) was an American-born Italian fascist hitman who led the group responsible for the 1924 assassination of Unitary Socialist Party leader Giacomo Matteotti. Born in St. Louis, United States, the son of Italian and British immigrants, Amerigo Dumini moved to Italy and in 1913 he joined the army renouncing his US citizenship. During the First World War he was an assault trooper and was severely wounded and decorated. Then he became active in the Fascio of Florence organized by supporters of Benito Mussolini, taking pride in being referred to as","title":"Amerigo Dumini"},{"psg_id":"11704545","text":"them out and leaving one in an open grave. Amerigo Bonasera Amerigo Bonasera is a fictional character created by Mario Puzo who appears in his novel \"The Godfather\", as well as Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film adaptation. Though he is not a major character, he plays a vital role in revealing the merciful side of main character Vito Corleone. The novel opens with the words: \"Amerigo Bonasera sat at New York Criminal Court...\". The film also starts with his famous line, \"I believe in America. America has made my fortune.\" Bonasera is a proud Italian-American undertaker who tends to keep","title":"Amerigo Bonasera"},{"psg_id":"11704540","text":"Amerigo Bonasera Amerigo Bonasera is a fictional character created by Mario Puzo who appears in his novel \"The Godfather\", as well as Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film adaptation. Though he is not a major character, he plays a vital role in revealing the merciful side of main character Vito Corleone. The novel opens with the words: \"Amerigo Bonasera sat at New York Criminal Court...\". The film also starts with his famous line, \"I believe in America. America has made my fortune.\" Bonasera is a proud Italian-American undertaker who tends to keep away from the Corleone family, knowing they are involved","title":"Amerigo Bonasera"},{"psg_id":"6366442","text":"that the inscription of her name at the bottom of the painting may have been added at a later date. Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci is an oil on canvas (57x42 cm) painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Piero di Cosimo, dating from about 1480 or 1490. It is in the Musée Condé in Chantilly, France. Simonetta Vespucci was a Genoese noblewoman who married Marco Vespucci of Florence at the age of either 15 or 16, and who was renowned for being the greatest beauty of her age - certainly of the city of Florence. She was","title":"Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"6366436","text":"Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci is an oil on canvas (57x42 cm) painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Piero di Cosimo, dating from about 1480 or 1490. It is in the Musée Condé in Chantilly, France. Simonetta Vespucci was a Genoese noblewoman who married Marco Vespucci of Florence at the age of either 15 or 16, and who was renowned for being the greatest beauty of her age - certainly of the city of Florence. She was admired by all of Florence for her beauty, which later became a legend after her premature death in 1476 at","title":"Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"8972616","text":"of the Vespucci family\" (c. 1472), is reputed to include the portrait of Amerigo Vespucci as a child. When Amerigo found a bay in the actual Brazil, he named to \"San Salvatore di Ognissanti\", in portugues \"San Salvador de Todos os Santos\": this is the origin of the name of the city of Salvador and Bahia de Todos os Santos. Over the door to the sacristy is a crucifix in wood by Veit Stoss. Ognissanti, Florence The chiesa di San Salvatore di Ognissanti or more simply chiesa di Ognissanti (; \"Church of All Saints\"), is a Franciscan church located on","title":"Ognissanti, Florence"},{"psg_id":"7448723","text":"example, \"Serraleona\" (Sierra Leone, true latitude about 9°N) is placed south of the equator, and the Cape of Good Hope (true latitude 35°S) is placed at 50°S. The full title of the map is \"Universalis cosmographia secundum Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii aliorumque lustrationes\" (The Universal Cosmography according to the Tradition of Ptolemy and the Discoveries of Amerigo Vespucci and others). One of the \"others\" was Christopher Columbus. The title signalled his intention to combine or harmonize in a unified cosmographic depiction the traditional Ptolemaic geography of Europe, Asia and Africa with the new geographical information provided by Amerigo Vespucci","title":"Waldseemüller map"},{"psg_id":"15554053","text":"by Henry's captain Gonçalo Velho Cabral), which although incorrectly spaced, are accurately depicted for the first time as strung out from southeast to northwest. The 1439 map is signed \"Gabriell de Valsequa la feta en Malorcha, any MCCC.XXX.VIIII\". According to a marginal note on the reverse side, this map was once owned by Amerigo Vespucci, who paid 80 gold ducats for it. (\"Questa ampia pella di geographia fue pagata da Amerigo Vespuci - LXXX ducati di oro di marco\"). It is conjectured Vespucci probably acquired it in Florence in the 1480s, and that he might have even have taken it","title":"Gabriel de Vallseca"},{"psg_id":"12074788","text":"its semiaquatic lifestyle after arrival at its remote island. Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci may have seen this animal on his fourth voyage, which took him to Brazil; the \"Lettera di Amerigo Vespucci delle Isole Nuovamente in Quattro Suoi Viaggi\" recorded that he visited an island just south of the equator on August 10, 1503. On this island, identified as Fernando de Noronha, he saw \"very big rats and lizards with two tails, and some snakes\". The \"Lettera\" purports to be an account of Vespucci's voyages, but it is unlikely that he produced it himself and, additionally, his fourth voyage may","title":"Noronhomys"},{"psg_id":"8142575","text":"to refer to people from the United States while others, particularly Spanish, primarily use terms derived from United States. There are various other local and colloquial names for Americans. Amerigo Vespucci first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as conjectured by Christopher Columbus, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the peoples of the Old World. Martin Waldseemüller coined the term America (in honor of Vespucci) in a 1507 world map. First uses of the adjective American referenced European settlements in the New World. Americans referred to the indigenous peoples","title":"Names for United States citizens"},{"psg_id":"1488853","text":"Emeric of Hungary), from the Germanic forenames Amalric and Emmerich (however, the Old High German name \"Haimirich\" may also be a source), from Proto-Germanic \"*amal\" (“vigor, bravery”) or \"*heim\" (\"home\") + \"*rik\" (“ruler”). Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer who first postulated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the Europeans. Vespucci was apparently unaware of the use of his name to refer to the new landmass, as Waldseemüller's maps","title":"Naming of the Americas"},{"psg_id":"5309144","text":"out a follow-up mapping expedition in 1501 to explore the Brazilian coast. The commander of this expedition is unknown, but it was accompanied by Amerigo Vespucci, who wrote an account of it. Some scholars believe that Fernão de Loronha may have actually been the overall captain of this expedition, although others believe it unlikely a prominent and wealthy merchant like Loronha would absent his businesses to go personally command vessels himself, that Loronha's support (if any) was probably only financial. The mapping expedition explored much of the Brazilian eastern coast from Cape São Roque in the northeast down to the","title":"Fernão de Loronha"},{"psg_id":"14639207","text":"cosmographer Amerigo Vespucci aboard, to explore and map the coast of Brazil. The exact identity of the captain is uncertain - some speculate it to be Gaspar de Lemos or André Gonçalves, whichever of the two had commanded the supply vessel that had delivered the news in June 1500; others conjecture Lemos/Gonçalves went merely as passengers, and that the expedition itself was commanded by Gonçalo Coelho. Setting out from Lisbon in May 1501, the little Brazilian mapping expedition made a watering stop in early June at \"Bezeguiche\" (as the bay of Dakar (Senegal) was known to the Portuguese sailors of","title":"2nd Portuguese India Armada (Cabral, 1500)"},{"psg_id":"14016670","text":"in India, Gaspar da Gama fulfilled his mission with his interpreter services and knowledge of geopolitics and customs of India important in business meetings of Portuguese and Indian rajas in Calicut and Cochin. He returned on his own will to Portugal with Pedro Álvares Cabral. In 1501, the fleet met the expedition of Gaspar de Lemos appointed by the king of Portugal to explore the newly discovered lands of Brazil, near modern Dakar, Senegal. Talks between Gaspar da Gama and other members of the expedition with the Florentine Amerigo Vespucci who accompanied Gaspar de Lemos certainly strengthened the idea that","title":"Gaspar da Gama"},{"psg_id":"17325718","text":"amici al caffè\", which won an award at the 1930 Biennale of Venice. In 1927, Margherita Sarfatti presented his work at the Exhibition of \"Dieci artisti del Novecento Italiano\", during the 93rd Exposition of Amatori e Cultori di Belle arti. Amerigo was an avid contributor of both columns and cartoons to publications such as \"La Tribuna\", \"La Lettura\", \"Gazzetta del Popolo\", \"Quadrivio\", \"Omnibus\", and \"La Fiera Letteraria\". From 1938 to 1960, he held a professorship of painting at the Academy of Fine Arts of Rome. Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra (Terni, 1890 - Rome, 1971) was an Italian painter,","title":"Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra"},{"psg_id":"17325717","text":"Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra (Terni, 1890 - Rome, 1971) was an Italian painter, caricaturist, and writer. He mainly painted vedute and landscapes, using both oil and water color in subdued earthy tones. He also painted still lifes and portraits. Amerigo as a young man moved to Rome, where he became a pupil of Duilio Cambellotti and Giulio Aristide Sartorio. He displayed works at the 1915 Mostra della Secessione in Rome, and in 1921, at the Biennale di Roma. In 1922, he joined the \"gruppo di Valori Plastici\", and painted compositions or great simplicity and warm colors, including \"Gli","title":"Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra"},{"psg_id":"7347822","text":"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode","title":"What Kate Did"},{"psg_id":"17054736","text":"his brother, Rickey Mindlin. Under \"The Soul Mates\" project, Gazaway’s work has been called “legally iffy” and often uses more than a dozen unauthorized samples from different artist. Frequently facing legal challenges for his work, Gazaway has lectured on what he describes as \"overly restrictive and unconstitutionally long copyright laws.\" at the University of Southern California and a Google Tech Talk: “Redefining the Remix with Amerigo Gazaway”. Gazaway’s first full-length instrumental album, \"Selective Hearing Vol. 1\", was released in 2010 on the Cold Busted label and charted on Beatport’s top-selling Chill-Out sales Chart. Gazaway released his sophomore project, \"Fela Soul\",","title":"Amerigo Gazaway"},{"psg_id":"7578097","text":"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \"Tramp\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \"Katy\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \"Katy\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \"Katy\", which is a modern retelling of \"What Katy Did\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \"What Katy Did\" was followed by four sequels: \"What Katy Did at School\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"18937073","text":"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"18937071","text":"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,","title":"What We Did"},{"psg_id":"6402115","text":"Piero di Cosimo titled \"Portrait of a woman, said to be of Simonetta Vespucci\", which portrays a woman as Cleopatra, with an asp around her neck. Yet how closely this resembles Simonetta is uncertain, not least because it is a posthumous portrait created about 14 years after her death. (Worth noting as well is the fact that Piero di Cosimo was only 14 years old the year of Simonetta's death.) The museum that currently houses this painting, the Musée Condé, questions the identity of its alleged subject and titles it \"Portrait of a woman, said to be of Simonetta Vespucci\",","title":"Simonetta Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"14707089","text":"during this period Leonardo had taken a commission from Francesco del Giocondo to paint his wife, \"'.\" Here \"Mona\" was not intended as a name, but as an abbreviation of ', the Italian literary form of \"Lady\". Agostino Vespucci Agostino Vespucci was an Italian chancellery official, clerk, and assistant to Niccolò Machiavelli, among others. He is most well known for helping to confirm the subject of Leonardo da Vinci's \"Mona Lisa\" as Lisa del Giocondo, but is also the author of a number of surviving letters and manuscripts. The identity of the young woman in Leonardo's \"Mona Lisa\" had been","title":"Agostino Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"14707088","text":"to terms about with the gonfaloniere. October 1503.\") In the comment Vespucci notes a similarity of style between Leonardo and the renowned ancient Greek painter Apelles, in that both artists would first render the head and shoulders of subjects in extraordinary detail before continuing with the rest of the painting. As an example Vespucci lists Leonardo's work on the portrait of \"Lisa del Giocondo,\" and dates his comment \"October 1503.\" The inclusion of the name and date allowed validation with a later known (but often unreliable) source published in 1550 and written by art historian Giorgio Vasari, who states that","title":"Agostino Vespucci"},{"psg_id":"7578098","text":"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \"What Katy Did Next\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \"Clover\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \"In the High Valley\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"20122453","text":"enter the Estates. When Gilmar Pisas became Prime Minister in March 2017 Thodé returned to the Estates on 24 March and once more became President. Amerigo Thodé Amerigo C.M. Thodé (born 27 July 1950) is a Curaçaoan politician of the Movement for the Future of Curaçao (MFK). He serves as President of the Estates of Curaçao since 24 March 2017. He previously served as President between November and December 2012. In the 2000s Thodé served as secretary-general of the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL). He later switched to Movement for the Future of Curaçao. At the first meeting","title":"Amerigo Thodé"},{"psg_id":"20122451","text":"Amerigo Thodé Amerigo C.M. Thodé (born 27 July 1950) is a Curaçaoan politician of the Movement for the Future of Curaçao (MFK). He serves as President of the Estates of Curaçao since 24 March 2017. He previously served as President between November and December 2012. In the 2000s Thodé served as secretary-general of the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL). He later switched to Movement for the Future of Curaçao. At the first meeting of the Estates of Curaçao on 10 October 2010 Thodé was elected Vice President. On 2 November 2012 Thodé was elected President of the Estates.","title":"Amerigo Thodé"},{"psg_id":"17054739","text":"musician’s catalogues. The resulting product has been described by the Los Angeles Times as “drawing a different design within a similar framework.” Amerigo Gazaway Amerigo Gazaway (born November 9, 1985) is an American producer, emcee and DJ known for remixes, original instrumentals and digital sampling. He is best known for his documentary style conceptual collaboration albums which have incorporated the music of A Tribe Called Quest, The Pharcyde, Fela Kuti, De La Soul, Marvin Gaye, Yasiin Bey, James Brown and others. In 2014, his Yasiin Bey/Marvin Gaye remix \"You Are Undeniable\" was used in an Apple iPad commercial. and charted","title":"Amerigo Gazaway"},{"psg_id":"17054734","text":"Amerigo Gazaway Amerigo Gazaway (born November 9, 1985) is an American producer, emcee and DJ known for remixes, original instrumentals and digital sampling. He is best known for his documentary style conceptual collaboration albums which have incorporated the music of A Tribe Called Quest, The Pharcyde, Fela Kuti, De La Soul, Marvin Gaye, Yasiin Bey, James Brown and others. In 2014, his Yasiin Bey/Marvin Gaye remix \"You Are Undeniable\" was used in an Apple iPad commercial. and charted on Billboard’s best-selling singles. Gazaway was born in Nashville, Tennessee on November 9, 1985. He is the son of internationally known jazz","title":"Amerigo Gazaway"},{"psg_id":"10506131","text":"Farkasréti Cemetery in Budapest. Amerigo Tot Amerigo Tot (born Imre Tóth; 27 September 1909 – 13 December 1984) was a Hungarian sculptor and occasional actor. He was born in Fehérvárcsurgó, Austria-Hungary and moved to Rome, where he lived for the rest of his life. He studied in Budapest under Ferenc Helbing and György Leszkovszky from 1926 until 1928, and at the Bauhaus in Germany . As the Nazis came to power he moved to Rome and worked sculpting memorials on a stipend from the Roman Hungarian Academy, where he eventually became an adviser. He fought in the Italian resistance movement","title":"Amerigo Tot"},{"psg_id":"10506128","text":"Amerigo Tot Amerigo Tot (born Imre Tóth; 27 September 1909 – 13 December 1984) was a Hungarian sculptor and occasional actor. He was born in Fehérvárcsurgó, Austria-Hungary and moved to Rome, where he lived for the rest of his life. He studied in Budapest under Ferenc Helbing and György Leszkovszky from 1926 until 1928, and at the Bauhaus in Germany . As the Nazis came to power he moved to Rome and worked sculpting memorials on a stipend from the Roman Hungarian Academy, where he eventually became an adviser. He fought in the Italian resistance movement starting in 1943. He","title":"Amerigo Tot"},{"psg_id":"10506129","text":"first received international recognition for his work on the frieze in Roma Termini station. He began doing abstract works in the 1950s. He returned home to Hungary several times, including 1937, 1939 and in 1969 which was a long prepared step from the side of the Hungarian communist culture-buro. At home he was a highly celebrated \"world famous\" artist. He had big exhibitions. He did traditional works, including a Madonna sculpture in his hometown, and very famous abstract sculptures, public monuments too, like Microcosm in Macrocosm (a tribute to Béla Bartók), His Majesty, the Kilowatt in Kecskemét. The Amerigo Tot","title":"Amerigo Tot"},{"psg_id":"13579047","text":"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"13579043","text":"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"psg_id":"7578094","text":"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \"What Katy Did\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \"Little Women\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \"What Katy Did\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment","title":"What Katy Did"},{"psg_id":"5753825","text":"I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation","title":"I Did What I Did for Maria"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21619\",\n \"text\": \"first name. Amerigo Vespucci was born and raised in Florence on the Italian Peninsula. He was the third son of Ser Nastagio (Anastasio) Vespucci, a Florentine notary, and Lisabetta Mini. The father of Ser Nastagio (Anastasio) Vespucci had the name Amerigo Vespucci also. His family lived close to the Ognissanti church, the church of \\\"All Saints\\\", also dedicated to san Salvatore, the \\\"saint Saviour\\\": these familiar places may have influenced the later decision to name the Bay of All Saints and the city of Salvador, Bahia. Amerigo Vespucci was educated by his uncle, Fra Giorgio Antonio Vespucci, a Dominican friar\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19795025\",\n \"text\": \"are mandatory. Colegio Amerigo Vespucci Colegio Amerigo Vespucci is an Italian private school in Caracas, Venezuela. The college is named after Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer who first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Old Worlders: even because of this demonstration the name \\\"America\\\" of this landmass is derived from him. The school is an italo-venezuelan \\\"Unidad educativa\\\" in the capital Caracas and has \\\"kinder\\\", \\\"elementary\\\" and \\\"bachelor\\\" (or high school) sections, where the\",\n \"title\": \"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19795021\",\n \"text\": \"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci Colegio Amerigo Vespucci is an Italian private school in Caracas, Venezuela. The college is named after Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer who first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Old Worlders: even because of this demonstration the name \\\"America\\\" of this landmass is derived from him. The school is an italo-venezuelan \\\"Unidad educativa\\\" in the capital Caracas and has \\\"kinder\\\", \\\"elementary\\\" and \\\"bachelor\\\" (or high school) sections, where the Italian language\",\n \"title\": \"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8444100\",\n \"text\": \"structures but also to be an obviously modern structure. Ponte Amerigo Vespucci Ponte Amerigo Vespucci is a bridge over the Arno River in Florence, Italy and named after Florence-born explorer Amerigo Vespucci. It joins the Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci to the Lungarno Soderini. To the east is the Ponte alla Carraia. This bridge, like most of the other bridges over the Arno, is a reconstruction. Plans were made in 1908 to bridge this section of the Arno to service quartiere di San Frediano, but the plans were never realized. In 1949, a bridge, ponte di via Melegnano, was constructed from the\",\n \"title\": \"Ponte Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8444098\",\n \"text\": \"Ponte Amerigo Vespucci Ponte Amerigo Vespucci is a bridge over the Arno River in Florence, Italy and named after Florence-born explorer Amerigo Vespucci. It joins the Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci to the Lungarno Soderini. To the east is the Ponte alla Carraia. This bridge, like most of the other bridges over the Arno, is a reconstruction. Plans were made in 1908 to bridge this section of the Arno to service quartiere di San Frediano, but the plans were never realized. In 1949, a bridge, ponte di via Melegnano, was constructed from the recycled remains of other bridges that had been destroyed\",\n \"title\": \"Ponte Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21639\",\n \"text\": \"Spain, Vespucci became a Spanish citizen. On March 22, 1508 he was made the pilot major of Spain by Ferdinand II of Aragon in honor of his discoveries. Vespucci also ran a school for navigators in the Spanish House of Trade, based in Seville. He died on February 22, 1512 at his home in Seville, Spain. Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci (; ; March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. Born in the Republic of Florence, he became a naturalized citizen of the Crown of Castile in 1505. Vespucci first demonstrated in about 1502 that\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20533175\",\n \"text\": \"Vespucci in the letter also wrote \\\"we...discovered a very large country of Asia\\\" Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, sailed for Spain in an effort to explore Asia. By sailing southwest from the Atlantic Ocean, Vespucci and his crew ended up discovering South America, which he initially thought was connected to Asia. Vespucci wrote the “Letter from Seville” in Seville, Spain after finishing his voyage in order to summarize all his discoveries in South America. Vespucci was satisfied with the voyage because he crossed the equator successfully and explored the tropics, which were called the Torrid Zone at that time, and\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21624\",\n \"text\": \"the Indies. Two letters attributed to Vespucci were published during his lifetime. \\\"Mundus Novus\\\" (New World) was a Latin translation of a lost Italian letter sent from Lisbon to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici. It describes a voyage to South America in 1501–1502. \\\"Mundus Novus\\\" was published in late 1502 or early 1503 and soon reprinted and distributed in numerous European countries. \\\"Lettera di Amerigo Vespucci delle isole nuovamente trovate in quattro suoi viaggi\\\" (Letter of Amerigo Vespucci concerning the isles newly discovered on his four voyages), known as \\\"Lettera al Soderini\\\" or just \\\"Lettera\\\", was a letter in Italian\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19795024\",\n \"text\": \"students in the Italian community of Caracas attended mainly these two \\\"scuole\\\", with rivalry also in sport matches (like soccer). The Directors of the Vespucci in 1981 created the \\\"University Institute of Technology \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\" (UITAV)\\\" and in 1988 from the UITAV there were graduates in \\\"Senior Technical Business Administration of Business Administration and of Accounting & Finance\\\" (in the next fourteen years the IUTAV did two additional courses: Computers and Advertising & Marketing). Actually the Colegio Vespucci is a \\\"Unidad Educativa\\\" with more than 2000 students. In the Venezuelan \\\"bachillerato\\\" of the Colegio Vespucci the courses of Italian language\",\n \"title\": \"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2606899\",\n \"text\": \"in the Azores Islands, and it will cross the Atlantic Ocean to the Northern Europe. In April 2015 tender NC90 was replaced by the following: Official web sites: Other web sites: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci The Amerigo Vespucci is a tall ship of the Italian Navy (\\\"Marina Militare\\\") named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. Its home port is La Spezia, Italy, and it is in use as a school ship. In 1925, the Regia Marina ordered two school ships to a design by General Lieutenant Francesco Rotundi of the Italian Navy Engineering Corps, inspired by the style of large\",\n \"title\": \"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2606892\",\n \"text\": \"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci The Amerigo Vespucci is a tall ship of the Italian Navy (\\\"Marina Militare\\\") named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. Its home port is La Spezia, Italy, and it is in use as a school ship. In 1925, the Regia Marina ordered two school ships to a design by General Lieutenant Francesco Rotundi of the Italian Navy Engineering Corps, inspired by the style of large late 18th century 74-cannon ships of the line (like the neapolitan ship \\\"Monarca\\\"). The first, the \\\"Cristoforo Colombo\\\", was put into service in 1928 and was used by the Italian Navy\",\n \"title\": \"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21620\",\n \"text\": \"of the monastery of San Marco in Florence. While his elder brothers were sent to the University of Pisa to pursue scholarly careers, Amerigo Vespucci embraced a mercantile life, and was hired as a clerk by the Florentine commercial house of Medici, headed by Lorenzo de' Medici. Vespucci acquired the favor and protection of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, who became the head of the business after the elder Lorenzo's death in 1492. In March 1492, the Medici dispatched the thirty-eight-year-old Vespucci and Donato Niccolini as confidential agents to look into the Medici branch office in Cádiz (Spain), whose managers\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20533184\",\n \"text\": \"other verified voyage of 1501 was sponsored by Portugal. This voyage lead Vespucci to the realization that he had not reached Asia, but instead a \\\"New World.\\\" He potentially undertook another voyage in 1504. Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville Amerigo Vespucci's Letter from Seville (18 July 1500), written to his patron Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, describes experiences on Alonso de Ojeda's May 1499 voyage. Vespucci's findings during the Age of Discovery led Europeans to believe that North and South America were not connected to Asia, which was a common belief at the time and was even held by Vespucci\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20533173\",\n \"text\": \"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville Amerigo Vespucci's Letter from Seville (18 July 1500), written to his patron Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, describes experiences on Alonso de Ojeda's May 1499 voyage. Vespucci's findings during the Age of Discovery led Europeans to believe that North and South America were not connected to Asia, which was a common belief at the time and was even held by Vespucci himself. Despite the surrounding controversy among many historians about which Vespucci letters were real, and which ones were forged, this particular letter of Vespucci's is notable for its detailed description of the Brazilian coast\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19795022\",\n \"text\": \"lessons are mandatory. The Colegio Vespucci was home of the Italian \\\"Istituto tecnico per geometri \\\"Luigi Einaudi\\\"\\\", mainly during the 1970s and 1980s. The Colegio Italo venezolano \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\" (called \\\"Scuola Vespucci\\\" by the Italians) was created on May 27, 1958 in the urbanization \\\"La Carlota\\\", Caracas, by famous professor Maria Cerolini with a group of thirty-five (35) Italian students, distributed between preschool and basic education from first through fourth grade (the courses were only in Italian language). In 1962 it changed its headquarters to the urbanization \\\"Los Chorros\\\" of eastern Caracas in a bigger building. The students were now\",\n \"title\": \"Colegio Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2606898\",\n \"text\": \"and South America, and navigated the Pacific. In 2002, she undertook a voyage around the world. The \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\" often takes part in sailing parades and Tall Ships' Races, where she is in amicable rivalry with the \\\"Gorch Fock\\\". When she is berthed in port, public tours of the vessel are usually offered. On 7 July 2018, \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\" arrived to the port of Almeria. It is the third time it visited Almería: the first one was in 1932, and the second one was in 1989. It left the city on 10 July. Then it will travel to Ponta Delgada,\",\n \"title\": \"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2606895\",\n \"text\": \"to the two gun decks of the ships her design is based on, but she carries only two 6pdr saluting guns in pivot mountings on the deck, forward of the mainmast. The deck planks are of teak wood and must be replaced every three years. Bow and stern are decorated with intricate ornaments; she has a life-size figurehead of Amerigo Vespucci. The stern gallery is accessible only through the Captain's saloon. The standard crew of the \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\" is 16 officers, 70 non-commissioned officers and 190 sailors. In summer, when she embarks the midshipmen of the Naval Academy (\\\"Accademia Navale\\\"),\",\n \"title\": \"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2606894\",\n \"text\": \"tons. Under auxiliary diesel-electric propulsion the \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\" can reach and has a range of 5450 nm at 6.5 knots. The three steel masts are 50, 54 and 43 metres high, and carry sails totalling . The \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\" has 26 sails – square sails, staysails, and jibs: all are traditional canvas sails. When under sail in severe sea and wind conditions she can reach . The rig, some 30 km of ropes, uses only traditional hemp ropes; only the mooring lines are synthetic, to comply with port regulations. The hull is painted black with two white stripes, harking back\",\n \"title\": \"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21628\",\n \"text\": \"view. The book accompanying the map stated: \\\"I do not see what right any one would have to object to calling this part, after Americus who discovered it and who is a man of intelligence, Amerige, that is, the Land of Americus, or America: since both Europa and Asia got their names from women\\\". It is possible that Vespucci was not aware that Waldseemüller had named the continent after him. The two disputed letters claim that Vespucci made four voyages to America, while at most two can be verified from other sources. At the moment, there is a dispute between\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21632\",\n \"text\": \"New World, leaving Spain in May 1497 and returning in October 1498. However, some modern scholars have doubted that this voyage took place, and consider this letter a forgery. Whoever did write the letter makes several observations of native customs, including use of hammocks and sweat lodges. About 1499–1500, Vespucci joined an expedition in the service of Spain, with Alonso de Ojeda (or Hojeda) as the fleet commander. The intention was to sail around the southern end of the African mainland into the Indian Ocean. After hitting land at the coast of what is now Guyana, the two seem to\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21623\",\n \"text\": \"continent America after the feminine Latin version of Vespucci's first name, which is Americus. In an accompanying book, Waldseemüller published one of the Vespucci accounts, which led to criticism that Vespucci was trying to upset Christopher Columbus' glory. However, the rediscovery in the 18th century of other letters by Vespucci has led to the view that the early published accounts, notably the Soderini Letter, could be fabrications, not by Vespucci, but by others. In 1508, the position of chief of navigation of Spain (\\\"piloto mayor de Indias\\\") was created for Vespucci, with the responsibility of planning navigation for voyages to\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2606893\",\n \"text\": \"until 1943. After World War II, this ship was handed over to the USSR as part of the war reparations and was shortly afterwards decommissioned. The second ship was the \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\", built in 1930 at the (formerly Royal) Naval Shipyard of Castellammare di Stabia (Naples). She was launched on February 22, 1931, and put into service in July of that year. The vessel is a full rigged three-masted steel hull long, with an overall length of including the bowsprit and a maximum width of . She has a draught of about and a displacement at full load of 4146\",\n \"title\": \"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2606897\",\n \"text\": \"fitted with new radar GEM Elettronica AN/SPS-753(V)5, new satellite antenna ORBIT AL-7103. When carrying cadets, the ship is usually steered from the manual stern rudder station, which is operated by four steering wheels with two men each. At other times, the hydraulically assisted steering on the bridge is used. Except for the anchor winch, the winches aboard are not power operated. The bridge is equipped with sophisticated modern electronic navigation instruments. Other than during World War II, the \\\"Amerigo Vespucci\\\" has been continually active. Most of her training cruises are in European waters, but she has also sailed to North\",\n \"title\": \"Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21622\",\n \"text\": \"secured beef supplies for at least one (if not two) of Columbus' voyages. Vespucci claimed at the invitation of king Manuel I of Portugal, Vespucci participated as observer in several voyages that explored the east coast of South America between 1499 and 1502. On the first of these voyages Vespucci claimed he was aboard the ship that discovered that South America extended much further south than previously thought. Vespucci's expeditions became known in Europe after two accounts attributed to Vespucci were published between 1502 and 1503. In 1507, Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the new\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21637\",\n \"text\": \"also disputed to have taken place. The only source of information for the last voyage is the \\\"Letter to Soderini\\\", but as several modern scholars dispute Vespucci's authorship of the letter to Soderini, it is also sometimes doubted whether Vespucci undertook this trip. However, Portuguese documents do confirm a voyage to Brazil was undertaken in 1503–04 by the captain Gonçalo Coelho, very likely the same captain of the 1501 mapping expedition (Vespucci's third voyage), and so it is quite possible that Vespucci went on board this one as well. However, it is not independently confirmed Vespucci was aboard and there\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21633\",\n \"text\": \"have separated. Vespucci sailed southward, discovering the mouth of the Amazon River and reaching 6°S, before turning around and seeing Trinidad and the Orinoco River and returning to Spain by way of Hispaniola. The letter, to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, claims that Vespucci determined his longitude celestially on August 23, 1499, while on this voyage. However, that claim may be fraudulent, which could cast doubt on the letter's credibility. The last certain voyage of Vespucci was led by Gonçalo Coelho in 1501–1502 in the service of Portugal. Departing from Lisbon, the fleet sailed first to Cape Verde where they\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21626\",\n \"text\": \"world. Vespucci even developed a rudimentary, but fairly accurate method of determining longitude (which only more accurate chronometers would later improve upon). In the 18th century, three unpublished familiar letters from Vespucci to Lorenzo de' Medici were rediscovered. One describes a voyage made in 1499–1500 which corresponds with the second of the \\\"four voyages\\\". Another was written from Cape Verde in 1501 in the early part of the third of the four voyages, before crossing the Atlantic. The third letter was sent from Lisbon after the completion of that voyage. Some have suggested that Vespucci, in the two letters published\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21621\",\n \"text\": \"and dealings were under suspicion. In April 1495, by the intrigues of Bishop Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca, the Crown of Castile broke their monopoly deal with Christopher Columbus and began handing out licenses to other navigators for the West Indies. Just around this time (1495–96), Vespucci was engaged as the executor of Giannotto Berardi, an Italian merchant who had recently died in Seville. Vespucci organized the fulfillment of Berardi's outstanding contract with the Castilian crown to provide twelve vessels for the Indies. After these were delivered, Vespucci continued as a provision contractor for Indies expeditions, and is known to have\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6402106\",\n \"text\": \"Simonetta Vespucci Simonetta Vespucci (née Cattaneo; 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed \\\"la bella Simonetta\\\", was an Italian noblewoman from Genoa, the wife of Marco Vespucci of Florence and the cousin-in-law of Amerigo Vespucci. She was known as the greatest beauty of her age in Northern Italy, and was allegedly the model for many paintings by Sandro Botticelli, Piero di Cosimo, and other Florentine painters. (Some art historians have taken issue with these attributions, which the Victorian critic John Ruskin has been blamed for promulgating.) Simonetta Vespucci was born Simonetta Cattaneo circa 1453 in a part of the Republic of\",\n \"title\": \"Simonetta Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6402116\",\n \"text\": \"noting that the inscription of her name at the bottom of the painting may have been added at a later date. Simonetta Vespucci Simonetta Vespucci (née Cattaneo; 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed \\\"la bella Simonetta\\\", was an Italian noblewoman from Genoa, the wife of Marco Vespucci of Florence and the cousin-in-law of Amerigo Vespucci. She was known as the greatest beauty of her age in Northern Italy, and was allegedly the model for many paintings by Sandro Botticelli, Piero di Cosimo, and other Florentine painters. (Some art historians have taken issue with these attributions, which the Victorian critic John\",\n \"title\": \"Simonetta Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18923936\",\n \"text\": \"the band had signed to Polyvinyl Record Co. Antarctigo Vespucci Antarctigo Vespucci is an indie rock band composed of Chris Farren of Fake Problems and Jeff Rosenstock of Bomb the Music Industry. Farren and Rosenstock began recording as a band in early 2014 with their debut EP \\\"Soulmate Stuff,\\\" with Benny Horowitz of The Gaslight Anthem on drums. They released their first full-length, \\\"Leavin' La Vida Loca\\\", in 2015. The band explains their name as a joke: \\\"Amerigo Vespucci is the guy who discovered America so it stands to reason that Antarctigo Vespucci would be the guy who discovered Antarctica.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Antarctigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18923935\",\n \"text\": \"Antarctigo Vespucci Antarctigo Vespucci is an indie rock band composed of Chris Farren of Fake Problems and Jeff Rosenstock of Bomb the Music Industry. Farren and Rosenstock began recording as a band in early 2014 with their debut EP \\\"Soulmate Stuff,\\\" with Benny Horowitz of The Gaslight Anthem on drums. They released their first full-length, \\\"Leavin' La Vida Loca\\\", in 2015. The band explains their name as a joke: \\\"Amerigo Vespucci is the guy who discovered America so it stands to reason that Antarctigo Vespucci would be the guy who discovered Antarctica.\\\" On August 22, 2018, it was announced that\",\n \"title\": \"Antarctigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21638\",\n \"text\": \"are some difficulties in the reported dates and details. The letters caused controversy after Vespucci's death, especially among the supporters of Columbus who believed Columbus' priority for the discovery of America was being undermined, and seriously damaged Vespucci's reputation. Vespucci was a cousin of the husband of Simonetta Vespucci. He married Maria Cerezo. One of the very few references to Amerigo's wife is contained in a royal decree dated May 22, 1512, giving his widow, Maria Cerezo a lifetime pension of ten thousand maravedís per annum deducted from the salary of her husband's successor. Not long after his return to\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21635\",\n \"text\": \"de la Plata, which he must have seen if he had gotten that far south. Portuguese maps of South America, created after the voyage of Coelho and Vespucci, do not show any land south of present-day Cananéia at 25° S, so this may represent the southernmost extent of their voyages. After the first half of the expedition, Vespucci mapped Alpha and Beta Centauri, as well as the constellation Crux, the Southern Cross and the Coalsack Nebula. Although these stars had been known to the ancient Greeks, gradual precession had lowered them below the European horizon so that they had been\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21627\",\n \"text\": \"in his lifetime, was exaggerating his role and constructed deliberate fabrications. However, many scholars now believe that the two letters were not written by him but were fabrications by others based in part on genuine letters by Vespucci. It was the publication and widespread circulation of the letters that might have led Waldseemüller to name the new continent America on his world map of 1507 in Lorraine. Vespucci used a Latinised form of his name, \\\"Americus Vespucius\\\", in his Latin writings, which Waldseemüller used as a base for the new name, taking the feminine form \\\"America\\\", according to the prevalent\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6402108\",\n \"text\": \"names her parents slightly differently, as Gaspare Cattaneo and Chateroccia di Marco Spinola. At age sixteen she married Marco Vespucci, son of Piero, who was a distant cousin of the explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci. They met in April 1469, when she was with her parents at the church of San Torpete in Genoa; the doge Piero il Fregoso and much of the Genoese nobility were present. Marco had been sent to Genoa by his father, Piero, to study at the Banco di San Giorgio. Smitten with Simonetta, Marco was accepted by her parents as his daughter's prospective bridegroom; they\",\n \"title\": \"Simonetta Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20533176\",\n \"text\": \"investigated rivers and different plant and animal species. Many authors have criticized \\\"Letter from Seville\\\" as being falsified information, accusing Vespucci of never truly making the voyage to Brazil or over exaggerating his role. Thomas More describes Europe in \\\"Utopia: A Revised Translation, Backgrounds, Criticism\\\" as fundamentally corrupt, creating a culture in which Vespucci would feel encouraged to recreate experiences heard from others. Other's place blame on mapmakers and interpreters of Vespucci's time. Felipe Frenández-Armesto describes Vespucci as a common Italian sailor, whose writings were misinterpreted by contemporaries. Frenádez-Arnestio firmly establishes that only two of the four voyages were factual,\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21636\",\n \"text\": \"forgotten. On his return to Lisbon, Vespucci wrote in a letter from Seville to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici that the land masses they explored were much larger than anticipated and different from the Asia described by Ptolemy or Marco Polo and therefore, must be a New World, that is, a previously unknown fourth continent, after Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vespucci's fourth voyage was another expedition for the Portuguese crown down the eastern coast of Brazil, that set out in May 1503 and returned to Portugal in June 1504. Like his alleged first voyage, Vespucci's last voyage in 1503–1504 is\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21634\",\n \"text\": \"met two of Pedro Álvares Cabral's ships returning from India. In a letter from Cape Verde, Vespucci says that he hopes to visit the same lands that Álvares Cabral had explored, suggesting that the intention is to sail west to Asia, as on the 1499–1500 voyage. On reaching the coast of Brazil, they sailed south along the coast of South America to Rio de Janeiro's bay. If his own account is to be believed, he reached the latitude of Patagonia before turning back, although this also seems doubtful, since his account does not mention the broad estuary of the Río\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21631\",\n \"text\": \"opinion is false and utterly opposed to the truth ... my last voyage has made manifest; for in those southern parts I have found a continent more densely peopled and abounding in animals than our Europe Asia or Africa, and, in addition, a climate milder and more delightful than in any other region known to us, as you shall learn in the following account.\\\" The first and fourth voyages are perhaps fabricated, but the second and third are certain. A letter published in 1504 purports to be an account by Vespucci, written to Soderini, of a lengthy visit to the\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20533183\",\n \"text\": \"began to believe many of the documents were forgeries, including the documents about what had been believed to be his first voyage. Due to this dispute in the records, it is unknown how many voyages he undertook. Historians are confident the voyage of 1499 took place while the reports of a previous journey are dubious. On this journey with four ships, Vespucci traveled to present day Guyana then south to the mouth of the Amazon River and continued south, potentially as far as Cape St. Augustine before turning back. On the journey home, he went to Trinidad and Hispaniola. His\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20533174\",\n \"text\": \"and its inhabitants. Antonello Gerbi argues that the 1500 \\\"Letter from Seville\\\", the 4 July 1501 \\\"Letter from Cape Verdi,\\\" and the 1502 \\\"Letter from Lisbon,\\\" all written to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, are the only three authentic Vespucci letters. In 1497, Vespucci sailed with Spain and left Cadiz, Spain on his first journey where he was sailing through the West Indies. In the \\\"Letter from Seville\\\", he wrote that \\\"we sailed for about thirteen hundred leagues to that land from the city of Cadiz\\\" However, the voyage in 1497 was to reach the West Indies instead of Brazil.\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20533182\",\n \"text\": \"ships ended because he began work in Spain as a consultant.His name was immortalized by German cartographer, Martin Waldseemüller, in 1507 who used the word \\\"America\\\" on a map of the new continent. In 1508, he became the chief navigator overseeing voyages and compiling data into maps for Spain. He continued with this well respected job until his death. Vespucci contributed to the Age of Exploration both as an explorer and Spanish official. The Voyage of 1499 was sponsored by Spain. This voyage was considered the second voyage for centuries until the 20th century when controversy arose because some historians\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14013414\",\n \"text\": \"worms infect it. Perhaps seen by Amerigo Vespucci in 1503, it was first formally described in 1839. Its subsequent taxonomic history has been complex, riddled with confusion with \\\"Trachylepis maculata\\\" and other species, homonyms, and other problems. The species is classified in the otherwise mostly African genus \\\"Trachylepis\\\" and is thought to have reached its island from Africa by rafting. The enigmatic \\\"Trachylepis tschudii\\\", supposedly from Peru, may well be the same species. In an early account of what may be Fernando de Noronha, purportedly based on a voyage by Amerigo Vespucci in 1503, the island was said to be\",\n \"title\": \"Noronha skink\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13837542\",\n \"text\": \"in the name of England. Nearly at the same time, between 1499 and 1502 the brothers Gaspar and Miguel Corte Real explored and named the coasts of Greenland, Labrador and also Newfoundland, naming \\\"\\\"Terra Verde\\\"\\\" the explored North American coasts. Both explorations were signaled in 1502 Cantino planisphere. It was soon understood that Columbus had not reached Asia, but rather found what was to Europeans a New World, which in 1507 was named \\\"America\\\", probably after Amerigo Vespucci, on the Waldseemüller map. In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral was sent by Portugal to explore South America. He is considered to be\",\n \"title\": \"Exploration of North America\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2023513\",\n \"text\": \"Marsilio Ficino, Angelo Poliziano and Giorgio Antonio Vespucci (uncle of the navigator Amerigo Vespucci; Amerigo was a fellow-student and, from the 1483, became an employee and friend of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco; in the early 1500s, Amerigo Vespucci would send most of his famous letters on the \\\"New World\\\" to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco). Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco emerged with the reputation as a man of liberal views, a poet and art connoisseur in his own right. In ca. 1485, he commissioned an illuminated manuscript of Dante's \\\"Divine Comedy\\\" featuring artwork by Botticelli. In 1482, Lorenzo il Magnifico arranged for the marriage between\",\n \"title\": \"Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3253806\",\n \"text\": \"1506-1507 and Brazil in 1508 with Vicente Yáñez Pinzón. He became a Pilot-Major of Spain in 1512 following the death of Amerigo Vespucci, and was thereafter commissioned to update the Padrón Real with Juan Vespucci. Two years after appointment to this office, Díaz de Solís prepared an expedition to explore the southern part of the new American continent. His three ships and crew of 70 men sailed from Sanlúcar de Barrameda, in Spain, on 8 October 1515. He followed the eastern coast of South America southward as far as the mouth of the Río de la Plata. He reached and\",\n \"title\": \"Juan Díaz de Solís\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"796561\",\n \"text\": \"coast of South America to the bay of present-day Rio de Janeiro. Among his crew was the Florentine Amerigo Vespucci. According to Vespucci, the expedition reached the latitude \\\"South Pole elevation 52° S\\\" in the \\\"cold\\\" latitudes of what is now Patagonia, near the Strait of Magellan, before turning back. Vespucci wrote that they headed toward the southwest-south, following \\\"a long, unbending coastline\\\". This seems controversial, since he changed part of his description in the subsequent letter (stating that around 32° S, they made a shift to open sea, to south-southeast), maintaining, however, that they reached a similar 50° S\",\n \"title\": \"Portuguese colonization of the Americas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5729661\",\n \"text\": \"by the Spanish monarchs at Toro in 1505, and continued at Burgos in 1508, to digest all existing information about the Indies, come to an agreement on what had really been discovered, and set out the future goals of Spanish exploration. Amerigo Vespucci attended both conferences, and seems to have had an outsized influence on them – Vespucci ended up being appointed the first \\\"piloto mayor\\\", the chief of the navigation of Spain, at Burgos. Although the proceedings of the Toro-Burgos conferences are missing, it is almost certain that Vespucci articulated his recent \\\"New World\\\" thesis to his fellow navigators\",\n \"title\": \"New World\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5616044\",\n \"text\": \"Greve in Chianti. The central church is currently undergoing renovations. A house in the circular main street of Montefioralle is pointed out as the birthplace of Amerigo Vespucci. The doorway is identified by the wasp (\\\"vespa\\\") and V of the Vespucci family. Montefioralle Montefioralle is a village in Tuscany, a \\\"frazione\\\" of the \\\"comune\\\" of Greve in Chianti. It is sometimes claimed to be the birthplace of Amerigo Vespucci. The village lies about a mile west of Greve. Town and village were an important stronghold during the wars between Florence and Siena. In 1250 it became the headquarters of the\",\n \"title\": \"Montefioralle\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11775487\",\n \"text\": \"of Brozzi, until 1928, when the latter's communal status was suppressed and its territories partitioned. Peretola fell into portion assigned to the commune of Florence, and was integrated into the administrative ward of Quartiere 5 (Rifredi). A house in Peretola (No. 8, on the corner of via Peretola and via del Campagnie) is claimed to be the original home of the Vespucci family, and birthplace of the celebrated navigator Amerigo Vespucci (although Amerigo Vespucci was raised in their urban home in the Ognissanti quarter of the city of Florence proper). Peretola is also the native village of Tommaso Masini, nicknamed\",\n \"title\": \"Peretola\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"21630\",\n \"text\": \"new regions which we found and explored ... we may rightly call a new world. Because our ancestors had no knowledge of them, and it will be a matter wholly new to all those who hear about them, for this transcends the view held by our ancients, inasmuch as most of them hold that there is no continent to the south beyond the equator, but only the sea which they named the Atlantic and if some of them did aver that a continent there was, they denied with abundant argument that it was a habitable land. But that this their\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14707086\",\n \"text\": \"Agostino Vespucci Agostino Vespucci was an Italian chancellery official, clerk, and assistant to Niccolò Machiavelli, among others. He is most well known for helping to confirm the subject of Leonardo da Vinci's \\\"Mona Lisa\\\" as Lisa del Giocondo, but is also the author of a number of surviving letters and manuscripts. The identity of the young woman in Leonardo's \\\"Mona Lisa\\\" had been difficult to ascertain due to a lack of decisive contemporary sources of information about the painting. This changed upon the discovery of a comment written by Vespucci in the margin of a 1477 edition of Cicero's \\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Agostino Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7078243\",\n \"text\": \"more than a decade in quiet retirement, died at the age of 73 at Rome as the result of a domestic accident. Amerigo Dumini Amerigo Dumini (January 3, 1894 – December 25, 1967) was an American-born Italian fascist hitman who led the group responsible for the 1924 assassination of Unitary Socialist Party leader Giacomo Matteotti. Born in St. Louis, United States, the son of Italian and British immigrants, Amerigo Dumini moved to Italy and in 1913 he joined the army renouncing his US citizenship. During the First World War he was an assault trooper and was severely wounded and decorated.\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Dumini\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7078237\",\n \"text\": \"Amerigo Dumini Amerigo Dumini (January 3, 1894 – December 25, 1967) was an American-born Italian fascist hitman who led the group responsible for the 1924 assassination of Unitary Socialist Party leader Giacomo Matteotti. Born in St. Louis, United States, the son of Italian and British immigrants, Amerigo Dumini moved to Italy and in 1913 he joined the army renouncing his US citizenship. During the First World War he was an assault trooper and was severely wounded and decorated. Then he became active in the Fascio of Florence organized by supporters of Benito Mussolini, taking pride in being referred to as\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Dumini\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11704545\",\n \"text\": \"them out and leaving one in an open grave. Amerigo Bonasera Amerigo Bonasera is a fictional character created by Mario Puzo who appears in his novel \\\"The Godfather\\\", as well as Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film adaptation. Though he is not a major character, he plays a vital role in revealing the merciful side of main character Vito Corleone. The novel opens with the words: \\\"Amerigo Bonasera sat at New York Criminal Court...\\\". The film also starts with his famous line, \\\"I believe in America. America has made my fortune.\\\" Bonasera is a proud Italian-American undertaker who tends to keep\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Bonasera\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11704540\",\n \"text\": \"Amerigo Bonasera Amerigo Bonasera is a fictional character created by Mario Puzo who appears in his novel \\\"The Godfather\\\", as well as Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film adaptation. Though he is not a major character, he plays a vital role in revealing the merciful side of main character Vito Corleone. The novel opens with the words: \\\"Amerigo Bonasera sat at New York Criminal Court...\\\". The film also starts with his famous line, \\\"I believe in America. America has made my fortune.\\\" Bonasera is a proud Italian-American undertaker who tends to keep away from the Corleone family, knowing they are involved\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Bonasera\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6366442\",\n \"text\": \"that the inscription of her name at the bottom of the painting may have been added at a later date. Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci is an oil on canvas (57x42 cm) painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Piero di Cosimo, dating from about 1480 or 1490. It is in the Musée Condé in Chantilly, France. Simonetta Vespucci was a Genoese noblewoman who married Marco Vespucci of Florence at the age of either 15 or 16, and who was renowned for being the greatest beauty of her age - certainly of the city of Florence. She was\",\n \"title\": \"Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6366436\",\n \"text\": \"Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci is an oil on canvas (57x42 cm) painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Piero di Cosimo, dating from about 1480 or 1490. It is in the Musée Condé in Chantilly, France. Simonetta Vespucci was a Genoese noblewoman who married Marco Vespucci of Florence at the age of either 15 or 16, and who was renowned for being the greatest beauty of her age - certainly of the city of Florence. She was admired by all of Florence for her beauty, which later became a legend after her premature death in 1476 at\",\n \"title\": \"Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8972616\",\n \"text\": \"of the Vespucci family\\\" (c. 1472), is reputed to include the portrait of Amerigo Vespucci as a child. When Amerigo found a bay in the actual Brazil, he named to \\\"San Salvatore di Ognissanti\\\", in portugues \\\"San Salvador de Todos os Santos\\\": this is the origin of the name of the city of Salvador and Bahia de Todos os Santos. Over the door to the sacristy is a crucifix in wood by Veit Stoss. Ognissanti, Florence The chiesa di San Salvatore di Ognissanti or more simply chiesa di Ognissanti (; \\\"Church of All Saints\\\"), is a Franciscan church located on\",\n \"title\": \"Ognissanti, Florence\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7448723\",\n \"text\": \"example, \\\"Serraleona\\\" (Sierra Leone, true latitude about 9°N) is placed south of the equator, and the Cape of Good Hope (true latitude 35°S) is placed at 50°S. The full title of the map is \\\"Universalis cosmographia secundum Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii aliorumque lustrationes\\\" (The Universal Cosmography according to the Tradition of Ptolemy and the Discoveries of Amerigo Vespucci and others). One of the \\\"others\\\" was Christopher Columbus. The title signalled his intention to combine or harmonize in a unified cosmographic depiction the traditional Ptolemaic geography of Europe, Asia and Africa with the new geographical information provided by Amerigo Vespucci\",\n \"title\": \"Waldseemüller map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15554053\",\n \"text\": \"by Henry's captain Gonçalo Velho Cabral), which although incorrectly spaced, are accurately depicted for the first time as strung out from southeast to northwest. The 1439 map is signed \\\"Gabriell de Valsequa la feta en Malorcha, any MCCC.XXX.VIIII\\\". According to a marginal note on the reverse side, this map was once owned by Amerigo Vespucci, who paid 80 gold ducats for it. (\\\"Questa ampia pella di geographia fue pagata da Amerigo Vespuci - LXXX ducati di oro di marco\\\"). It is conjectured Vespucci probably acquired it in Florence in the 1480s, and that he might have even have taken it\",\n \"title\": \"Gabriel de Vallseca\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12074788\",\n \"text\": \"its semiaquatic lifestyle after arrival at its remote island. Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci may have seen this animal on his fourth voyage, which took him to Brazil; the \\\"Lettera di Amerigo Vespucci delle Isole Nuovamente in Quattro Suoi Viaggi\\\" recorded that he visited an island just south of the equator on August 10, 1503. On this island, identified as Fernando de Noronha, he saw \\\"very big rats and lizards with two tails, and some snakes\\\". The \\\"Lettera\\\" purports to be an account of Vespucci's voyages, but it is unlikely that he produced it himself and, additionally, his fourth voyage may\",\n \"title\": \"Noronhomys\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8142575\",\n \"text\": \"to refer to people from the United States while others, particularly Spanish, primarily use terms derived from United States. There are various other local and colloquial names for Americans. Amerigo Vespucci first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as conjectured by Christopher Columbus, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the peoples of the Old World. Martin Waldseemüller coined the term America (in honor of Vespucci) in a 1507 world map. First uses of the adjective American referenced European settlements in the New World. Americans referred to the indigenous peoples\",\n \"title\": \"Names for United States citizens\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1488853\",\n \"text\": \"Emeric of Hungary), from the Germanic forenames Amalric and Emmerich (however, the Old High German name \\\"Haimirich\\\" may also be a source), from Proto-Germanic \\\"*amal\\\" (“vigor, bravery”) or \\\"*heim\\\" (\\\"home\\\") + \\\"*rik\\\" (“ruler”). Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer who first postulated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the Europeans. Vespucci was apparently unaware of the use of his name to refer to the new landmass, as Waldseemüller's maps\",\n \"title\": \"Naming of the Americas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5309144\",\n \"text\": \"out a follow-up mapping expedition in 1501 to explore the Brazilian coast. The commander of this expedition is unknown, but it was accompanied by Amerigo Vespucci, who wrote an account of it. Some scholars believe that Fernão de Loronha may have actually been the overall captain of this expedition, although others believe it unlikely a prominent and wealthy merchant like Loronha would absent his businesses to go personally command vessels himself, that Loronha's support (if any) was probably only financial. The mapping expedition explored much of the Brazilian eastern coast from Cape São Roque in the northeast down to the\",\n \"title\": \"Fernão de Loronha\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14639207\",\n \"text\": \"cosmographer Amerigo Vespucci aboard, to explore and map the coast of Brazil. The exact identity of the captain is uncertain - some speculate it to be Gaspar de Lemos or André Gonçalves, whichever of the two had commanded the supply vessel that had delivered the news in June 1500; others conjecture Lemos/Gonçalves went merely as passengers, and that the expedition itself was commanded by Gonçalo Coelho. Setting out from Lisbon in May 1501, the little Brazilian mapping expedition made a watering stop in early June at \\\"Bezeguiche\\\" (as the bay of Dakar (Senegal) was known to the Portuguese sailors of\",\n \"title\": \"2nd Portuguese India Armada (Cabral, 1500)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14016670\",\n \"text\": \"in India, Gaspar da Gama fulfilled his mission with his interpreter services and knowledge of geopolitics and customs of India important in business meetings of Portuguese and Indian rajas in Calicut and Cochin. He returned on his own will to Portugal with Pedro Álvares Cabral. In 1501, the fleet met the expedition of Gaspar de Lemos appointed by the king of Portugal to explore the newly discovered lands of Brazil, near modern Dakar, Senegal. Talks between Gaspar da Gama and other members of the expedition with the Florentine Amerigo Vespucci who accompanied Gaspar de Lemos certainly strengthened the idea that\",\n \"title\": \"Gaspar da Gama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17325718\",\n \"text\": \"amici al caffè\\\", which won an award at the 1930 Biennale of Venice. In 1927, Margherita Sarfatti presented his work at the Exhibition of \\\"Dieci artisti del Novecento Italiano\\\", during the 93rd Exposition of Amatori e Cultori di Belle arti. Amerigo was an avid contributor of both columns and cartoons to publications such as \\\"La Tribuna\\\", \\\"La Lettura\\\", \\\"Gazzetta del Popolo\\\", \\\"Quadrivio\\\", \\\"Omnibus\\\", and \\\"La Fiera Letteraria\\\". From 1938 to 1960, he held a professorship of painting at the Academy of Fine Arts of Rome. Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra (Terni, 1890 - Rome, 1971) was an Italian painter,\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17325717\",\n \"text\": \"Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra (Terni, 1890 - Rome, 1971) was an Italian painter, caricaturist, and writer. He mainly painted vedute and landscapes, using both oil and water color in subdued earthy tones. He also painted still lifes and portraits. Amerigo as a young man moved to Rome, where he became a pupil of Duilio Cambellotti and Giulio Aristide Sartorio. He displayed works at the 1915 Mostra della Secessione in Rome, and in 1921, at the Biennale di Roma. In 1922, he joined the \\\"gruppo di Valori Plastici\\\", and painted compositions or great simplicity and warm colors, including \\\"Gli\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7347822\",\n \"text\": \"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17054736\",\n \"text\": \"his brother, Rickey Mindlin. Under \\\"The Soul Mates\\\" project, Gazaway’s work has been called “legally iffy” and often uses more than a dozen unauthorized samples from different artist. Frequently facing legal challenges for his work, Gazaway has lectured on what he describes as \\\"overly restrictive and unconstitutionally long copyright laws.\\\" at the University of Southern California and a Google Tech Talk: “Redefining the Remix with Amerigo Gazaway”. Gazaway’s first full-length instrumental album, \\\"Selective Hearing Vol. 1\\\", was released in 2010 on the Cold Busted label and charted on Beatport’s top-selling Chill-Out sales Chart. Gazaway released his sophomore project, \\\"Fela Soul\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Gazaway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578097\",\n \"text\": \"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \\\"Tramp\\\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \\\"Katy\\\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \\\"Katy\\\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \\\"Katy\\\", which is a modern retelling of \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" was followed by four sequels: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937073\",\n \"text\": \"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\\\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937071\",\n \"text\": \"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6402115\",\n \"text\": \"Piero di Cosimo titled \\\"Portrait of a woman, said to be of Simonetta Vespucci\\\", which portrays a woman as Cleopatra, with an asp around her neck. Yet how closely this resembles Simonetta is uncertain, not least because it is a posthumous portrait created about 14 years after her death. (Worth noting as well is the fact that Piero di Cosimo was only 14 years old the year of Simonetta's death.) The museum that currently houses this painting, the Musée Condé, questions the identity of its alleged subject and titles it \\\"Portrait of a woman, said to be of Simonetta Vespucci\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Simonetta Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14707089\",\n \"text\": \"during this period Leonardo had taken a commission from Francesco del Giocondo to paint his wife, \\\"'.\\\" Here \\\"Mona\\\" was not intended as a name, but as an abbreviation of ', the Italian literary form of \\\"Lady\\\". Agostino Vespucci Agostino Vespucci was an Italian chancellery official, clerk, and assistant to Niccolò Machiavelli, among others. He is most well known for helping to confirm the subject of Leonardo da Vinci's \\\"Mona Lisa\\\" as Lisa del Giocondo, but is also the author of a number of surviving letters and manuscripts. The identity of the young woman in Leonardo's \\\"Mona Lisa\\\" had been\",\n \"title\": \"Agostino Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14707088\",\n \"text\": \"to terms about with the gonfaloniere. October 1503.\\\") In the comment Vespucci notes a similarity of style between Leonardo and the renowned ancient Greek painter Apelles, in that both artists would first render the head and shoulders of subjects in extraordinary detail before continuing with the rest of the painting. As an example Vespucci lists Leonardo's work on the portrait of \\\"Lisa del Giocondo,\\\" and dates his comment \\\"October 1503.\\\" The inclusion of the name and date allowed validation with a later known (but often unreliable) source published in 1550 and written by art historian Giorgio Vasari, who states that\",\n \"title\": \"Agostino Vespucci\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20122453\",\n \"text\": \"enter the Estates. When Gilmar Pisas became Prime Minister in March 2017 Thodé returned to the Estates on 24 March and once more became President. Amerigo Thodé Amerigo C.M. Thodé (born 27 July 1950) is a Curaçaoan politician of the Movement for the Future of Curaçao (MFK). He serves as President of the Estates of Curaçao since 24 March 2017. He previously served as President between November and December 2012. In the 2000s Thodé served as secretary-general of the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL). He later switched to Movement for the Future of Curaçao. At the first meeting\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Thodé\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20122451\",\n \"text\": \"Amerigo Thodé Amerigo C.M. Thodé (born 27 July 1950) is a Curaçaoan politician of the Movement for the Future of Curaçao (MFK). He serves as President of the Estates of Curaçao since 24 March 2017. He previously served as President between November and December 2012. In the 2000s Thodé served as secretary-general of the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL). He later switched to Movement for the Future of Curaçao. At the first meeting of the Estates of Curaçao on 10 October 2010 Thodé was elected Vice President. On 2 November 2012 Thodé was elected President of the Estates.\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Thodé\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17054739\",\n \"text\": \"musician’s catalogues. The resulting product has been described by the Los Angeles Times as “drawing a different design within a similar framework.” Amerigo Gazaway Amerigo Gazaway (born November 9, 1985) is an American producer, emcee and DJ known for remixes, original instrumentals and digital sampling. He is best known for his documentary style conceptual collaboration albums which have incorporated the music of A Tribe Called Quest, The Pharcyde, Fela Kuti, De La Soul, Marvin Gaye, Yasiin Bey, James Brown and others. In 2014, his Yasiin Bey/Marvin Gaye remix \\\"You Are Undeniable\\\" was used in an Apple iPad commercial. and charted\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Gazaway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17054734\",\n \"text\": \"Amerigo Gazaway Amerigo Gazaway (born November 9, 1985) is an American producer, emcee and DJ known for remixes, original instrumentals and digital sampling. He is best known for his documentary style conceptual collaboration albums which have incorporated the music of A Tribe Called Quest, The Pharcyde, Fela Kuti, De La Soul, Marvin Gaye, Yasiin Bey, James Brown and others. In 2014, his Yasiin Bey/Marvin Gaye remix \\\"You Are Undeniable\\\" was used in an Apple iPad commercial. and charted on Billboard’s best-selling singles. Gazaway was born in Nashville, Tennessee on November 9, 1985. He is the son of internationally known jazz\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Gazaway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10506131\",\n \"text\": \"Farkasréti Cemetery in Budapest. Amerigo Tot Amerigo Tot (born Imre Tóth; 27 September 1909 – 13 December 1984) was a Hungarian sculptor and occasional actor. He was born in Fehérvárcsurgó, Austria-Hungary and moved to Rome, where he lived for the rest of his life. He studied in Budapest under Ferenc Helbing and György Leszkovszky from 1926 until 1928, and at the Bauhaus in Germany . As the Nazis came to power he moved to Rome and worked sculpting memorials on a stipend from the Roman Hungarian Academy, where he eventually became an adviser. He fought in the Italian resistance movement\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Tot\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10506128\",\n \"text\": \"Amerigo Tot Amerigo Tot (born Imre Tóth; 27 September 1909 – 13 December 1984) was a Hungarian sculptor and occasional actor. He was born in Fehérvárcsurgó, Austria-Hungary and moved to Rome, where he lived for the rest of his life. He studied in Budapest under Ferenc Helbing and György Leszkovszky from 1926 until 1928, and at the Bauhaus in Germany . As the Nazis came to power he moved to Rome and worked sculpting memorials on a stipend from the Roman Hungarian Academy, where he eventually became an adviser. He fought in the Italian resistance movement starting in 1943. He\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Tot\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10506129\",\n \"text\": \"first received international recognition for his work on the frieze in Roma Termini station. He began doing abstract works in the 1950s. He returned home to Hungary several times, including 1937, 1939 and in 1969 which was a long prepared step from the side of the Hungarian communist culture-buro. At home he was a highly celebrated \\\"world famous\\\" artist. He had big exhibitions. He did traditional works, including a Madonna sculpture in his hometown, and very famous abstract sculptures, public monuments too, like Microcosm in Macrocosm (a tribute to Béla Bartók), His Majesty, the Kilowatt in Kecskemét. The Amerigo Tot\",\n \"title\": \"Amerigo Tot\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579047\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13579043\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7578094\",\n \"text\": \"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \\\"What Katy Did\\\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \\\"Little Women\\\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5753825\",\n \"text\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["americas"],"string":"[\n \"americas\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2198,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where did patrick henry live?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1620440","text":"and men for their gallant conduct during the two-day battle. \"Patrick Henry\" was also present during some of \"Virginia\"'s other actions. In a daring night operation on 5 May 1862, she helped remove Confederate property from the Norfolk Navy Yard before it was abandoned to the Federals. After the surrender of Norfolk, Virginia on 10 May 1862, the James River Squadron, including \"Patrick Henry\", retired up the river to Drewry's Bluff where pursuing Federal ships were repulsed on 15 May. \"Patrick Henry\" was designated an academy ship in May 1862 and underwent appropriate alterations. In October 1863, \"Patrick Henry\" housed","title":"CSS Patrick Henry"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1620440\",\n \"text\": \"and men for their gallant conduct during the two-day battle. \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" was also present during some of \\\"Virginia\\\"'s other actions. In a daring night operation on 5 May 1862, she helped remove Confederate property from the Norfolk Navy Yard before it was abandoned to the Federals. After the surrender of Norfolk, Virginia on 10 May 1862, the James River Squadron, including \\\"Patrick Henry\\\", retired up the river to Drewry's Bluff where pursuing Federal ships were repulsed on 15 May. \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" was designated an academy ship in May 1862 and underwent appropriate alterations. In October 1863, \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" housed\",\n \"title\": \"CSS Patrick Henry\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"827858","text":"opened in 1949, the airport was called Patrick Henry Field, and was later renamed Patrick Henry International Airport, a name it retained until 1990. The airport code is still PHF. Patrick Henry has been honored twice on U.S. postage stamps. On October 7, 1955, the United States Post Office Department issued a $1 definitive stamp honoring Henry, one of the high values in the Liberty issue. A painting of Henry by American artist Alonzo Chappel (1828–1887) was used as the inspiration and as the model by the engraver for this issue. In 1960–1961, the U.S. Post Office issued the American","title":"Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"11838385","text":"Patrick Henry Hughes Patrick Henry Hughes (born March 10, 1988) is an American multi-instrumental musician from Louisville, Kentucky who was born without eyes and unable to fully straighten his arms and legs, making him unable to walk. Patrick Henry Hughes was born March 10, 1988 to Patrick John and Patricia Hughes. Upon his delivery, the medical staff noticed physical anomalies. These were diagnosed as bilateral anophthalmia with pterygium syndrome and congenital bilateral hip dysplasia. His father, Patrick John Hughes, introduced him to the piano at the age of nine months. Patrick has studied piano in the years since and later","title":"Patrick Henry Hughes"},{"psg_id":"8664826","text":"Army Meritorious Unit Commendation Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation Expert Marksmanship Badge w/ carbine and pistol bars Air Assault Badge Patrick Henry Brady Patrick Henry Brady (born October 1, 1936), is a retired United States Army major general. While serving as a helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War, he received the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military decoration for valor. Brady attended O'Dea High School in Seattle, Washington, an all-boys school run by the Congregation of Christian Brothers, where he was active in sports. While in college at Seattle University, he initially hated the compulsory ROTC program","title":"Patrick Henry Brady"},{"psg_id":"8664818","text":"Patrick Henry Brady Patrick Henry Brady (born October 1, 1936), is a retired United States Army major general. While serving as a helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War, he received the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military decoration for valor. Brady attended O'Dea High School in Seattle, Washington, an all-boys school run by the Congregation of Christian Brothers, where he was active in sports. While in college at Seattle University, he initially hated the compulsory ROTC program and was kicked out. Brady realized he would probably be drafted after graduation and reentered the ROTC program in order to enter","title":"Patrick Henry Brady"},{"psg_id":"19576799","text":"served in the Wisconsin State Senate. Smith died in Plymouth, Vermont from ill health. Patrick Henry Smith Patrick Henry Smith (September 29, 1827 – January 22, 1884) was an American business and politician. Born in Royalton, Vermont, Smith moved to Sheboygan, Wisconsin Territory in 1847. He then settled permanently in Plymouth, Wisconsin in 1848 where he was a merchant. From 1853 to 1857, Smith served as postmaster of Plymouth, Wisconsin. In 1860, Smith was appointed deputy United States marshal. Smith was the first town clerk of Plymouth, Wisconsin and was a Democrat. He served on the Plymouth Common Council and","title":"Patrick Henry Smith"},{"psg_id":"19576798","text":"Patrick Henry Smith Patrick Henry Smith (September 29, 1827 – January 22, 1884) was an American business and politician. Born in Royalton, Vermont, Smith moved to Sheboygan, Wisconsin Territory in 1847. He then settled permanently in Plymouth, Wisconsin in 1848 where he was a merchant. From 1853 to 1857, Smith served as postmaster of Plymouth, Wisconsin. In 1860, Smith was appointed deputy United States marshal. Smith was the first town clerk of Plymouth, Wisconsin and was a Democrat. He served on the Plymouth Common Council and was president of the common council. From 1880 to his death in 1884, Smith","title":"Patrick Henry Smith"},{"psg_id":"827763","text":"ministers petitioned the Board of Trade in London to overrule the Burgesses, which it did. Five clergymen then brought suit for back pay, cases known as the Parson's Cause; of them, only the Reverend James Maury was successful, and a jury was to be empaneled in Hanover County on December 1, 1763 to fix damages. Henry was engaged as counsel by Maury's parish vestry for this hearing. Patrick Henry's father, Colonel John Henry, was the presiding judge. After the evidence was presented proving the facts at issue, Maury's counsel gave a speech in praise of the clergy, many of whom","title":"Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"11903014","text":"Where Did Your Heart Go? \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \"Wheel Me Out\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \"Was (Not Was)\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \"It's an Attack!\" as the B-side. A live recording of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"","title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?"},{"psg_id":"827859","text":"Credo series, six stamps with well-known patriotic quotations. Patrick Henry's most famous words are inscribed on the final issue in the series, a 4-cent stamp first released in Richmond on January 11, 1961. As historian Richard Beeman put it, Henry was a man who \"did not bother to write much of anything down\", a handicap when being evaluated by history. The lack of primary source materials regarding Henry—only a handful of papers and a few of his speeches survive—has frustrated Henry's biographers from Wirt (1817) to Beeman (1974): Wirt commented two years before publishing his book, \"It is all speaking,","title":"Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"15291090","text":"Patrick T. Henry Patrick T. Henry was United States Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) from 1998 to 2001. Patrick T. Henry was educated at the United States Naval Academy, graduating in 1972. He then spent the next twenty years serving in the United States Marine Corps. As a marine, Henry held command and staff positions in Marine Corps tank units, commanded an Army tank training company at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and served on the staff of two Secretaries of Defense. He left the Marine Corps in 1992. In 1992, Henry became Chief of Staff of the","title":"Patrick T. Henry"},{"psg_id":"826744","text":"Pacific Fleet into the 1980s. In 1982 \"Patrick Henry\" and many of her sister ships had their ballistic missile tubes disabled and were reclassified as attack submarines (SSNs). \"Patrick Henry\" was redesignated SSN-599. \"Patrick Henry\" was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 25 May 1984. She was disposed of through the Ship-Submarine recycling program at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, ceasing to exist on 21 August 1997. USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599) USS \"Patrick Henry\" (SSBN-599), named after the American Revolutionary War figure Patrick Henry (1736–1799), was a nuclear-powered fleet ballistic missile submarine of the United States Navy.","title":"USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599)"},{"psg_id":"14294037","text":"It was founded in 1967. Many of its more than fifty authentically restored 19th and early 20th century structures from around the state are clustered together into a village-like grouping that operates as a living history museum. They have restored the Patrick Henry Brittan House, and, unlike many of Old Alabama Town's rescued properties, it remains on its original site. Patrick Henry Brittan House The Patrick Henry Brittan House, also known as the Brittan-Dennis House, is a historic Italianate style house in Montgomery, Alabama. The one-story brick house was completed in 1858 by Patrick Henry Brittan, 10th Secretary of State","title":"Patrick Henry Brittan House"},{"psg_id":"12991517","text":"Dam began on May 14, 1951. The construction of Fort Patrick Henry Dam and its reservoir required the purchase of of land, of which had to be cleared. 22 families and of roads had to be relocated, and one new bridge had to be built. The dam was completed and its gates closed October 27, 1953. The dam's first generator went online December 5, 1953 and its second generator went online February 22, 1954. The total cost of the Fort Patrick Henry project was $12.3 million. Fort Patrick Henry Dam Fort Patrick Henry Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the","title":"Fort Patrick Henry Dam"},{"psg_id":"12991514","text":"city center of Kingsport is just northwest of the dam, and the unincorporated community of Colonial Heights is also nearby. Warriors' Path State Park occupies part of Fort Patrick Henry Lake's shoreline. Fort Patrick Henry Dam is upstream from the retention dam at John Sevier Fossil Plant and about upstream from Cherokee Dam, both of which are on the Holston River proper. Fort Patrick Henry Dam is a concrete gravity-type dam high and long, and has a generating capacity of 59,400 kilowatts. The dam's overfall spillway has five radial gates with a combined maximum discharge of . Fort Patrick Henry","title":"Fort Patrick Henry Dam"},{"psg_id":"827794","text":"concluded, Henry plunged an ivory letter opener towards his chest in imitation of the Roman patriot Cato the Younger. Henry's speech carried the day, and the convention adopted his amendments. Still, they passed only narrowly, as many delegates were uncertain where the resistance urged by Henry and other radicals would lead, and few counties formed independent militia companies at the urging of the convention. The text of Henry's speech first appeared in print in Wirt's 1817 biography, published 18 years after Patrick Henry's death. Wirt corresponded with men who had heard the speech and others who were acquainted with people","title":"Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"7453080","text":"In 2002, the US Army planned a large extension of the housing area. However, soon afterwards the Army announced the closure of all Heidelberg and Mannheim facilities. Patrick-Henry-Village was officially closed on the 6. September 2013 after all military personnel moved to the new headquarters of the United States European Command at Wiesbaden. On 2 June 2014, the site was transferred to the Institute for Federal Real Estate. In its final state, Patrick Henry Village had a large number of educational, recreational and public facilities as well as shops and dining facilities. Schools included Patrick Henry Elementary School (Grades K-5)","title":"Patrick Henry Village"},{"psg_id":"4618221","text":"SS Patrick Henry SS \"Patrick Henry\" was the first Liberty ship launched. It was built by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at their Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland, and launched on 27 September 1941. Liberty ships initially had a poor public image and to try to assuage public opinion, September 27, 1941 was designated Liberty Fleet Day, and the first 14 \"Emergency\" vessels were launched that day. The first of these (with MC hull number 14) was \"Patrick Henry\", launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Other \"Emergency\" vessels launched that day, in various yards around the country included: , , ,","title":"SS Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"3829721","text":"Baptism and \"Lake Bob\", in which newly engaged males are dunked. In the 2000s Hanna Rosin, author of \"God's Harvard\", said that \"never would you find a group of better-behaved teenagers than on the campus of Patrick Henry.\" During that period many Patrick Henry students made fun of Bob Jones University, which Rosin described as having \"the gold standard of vice patrol.\" Rosin commented that \"by most people's standards,\" Patrick Henry \"was not far behind\" Bob Jones. Students are involved in the community, and PHC requires its Government students to fulfill up to 24 credits of apprenticeship projects, which include","title":"Patrick Henry College"},{"psg_id":"15131578","text":"American Founding Father Patrick Henry, the 300-room hotel celebrated its grand opening the following year on November 10, 1925, with over 2,000 people in attendance. The Patrick Henry name was actually chosen in a naming contest, and the winner was a young Roanoker, John Payne, who went on to become a Hollywood star in the 1940s, appearing in Miracle on 32nd Street, among others. At the time of its opening, the Patrick Henry was operated by the hotel management firm of Meyer Hotels of Birmingham, Alabama; Meyer operated the hotel through 1954. In the interim, the hotel received its first","title":"Patrick Henry Hotel"},{"psg_id":"11838388","text":"to be the recipients of a complete home renovation for the show \"\". The episode aired on February 15, 2008. During late 2012, Patrick Henry and his family competed on \"Family Feud\", remaining champions for four days before being defeated on their fifth and final day; the family was later brought back because of a technical error and given another chance to retire undefeated, but were again unsuccessful. His story was dramatized in the 2015 movie \"I Am Potential\", written and directed by Zach Meiners and starring Jimmy Bellinger as Patrick Henry, and Burgess Jenkins as his father. Patrick Henry","title":"Patrick Henry Hughes"},{"psg_id":"6114571","text":"on December 29, 1964. It was equivalent to Motown 25 or Live Aid as a pivotal music concert event . When it hit theaters nationwide, it undoubtedly raised and extended the visibility of the \"Where Did Our Love Go\" album. All tracks written by Holland–Dozier–Holland except as noted. The original album sold a million copies {in 1964-1965} stateside alone. The limited exclusive \"40th Anniversary\" version is now listed as \"sold out\". It remains, to date, their third best-selling studio album. Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group","title":"Where Did Our Love Go (album)"},{"psg_id":"10434800","text":"senate 1904-1908. He served as mayor of Brandon from 1916 until his death in Brandon, Mississippi, May 18, 1930. He was interred in Brandon Cemetery. Patrick Henry (U.S. Congressman) Patrick Henry (February 12, 1843 – May 18, 1930) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi, uncle of Patrick Henry (1861-1933). Born near Cynthia, Mississippi, Henry attended the common schools, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, Madison College, Sharon, Mississippi, and the Nashville (Tennessee) Military College. He moved to Brandon, Mississippi, in 1858. Enlisted in the Confederate service as a first lieutenant in Company B, Sixth Mississippi Infantry Regiment, in 1861. He served throughout","title":"Patrick Henry (U.S. Congressman)"},{"psg_id":"10434798","text":"Patrick Henry (U.S. Congressman) Patrick Henry (February 12, 1843 – May 18, 1930) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi, uncle of Patrick Henry (1861-1933). Born near Cynthia, Mississippi, Henry attended the common schools, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, Madison College, Sharon, Mississippi, and the Nashville (Tennessee) Military College. He moved to Brandon, Mississippi, in 1858. Enlisted in the Confederate service as a first lieutenant in Company B, Sixth Mississippi Infantry Regiment, in 1861. He served throughout the Civil War and surrendered at Greensboro, North Carolina, April 26, 1865, as major of the Fourteenth (Consolidated) Mississippi Regiment. He engaged in agricultural pursuits","title":"Patrick Henry (U.S. Congressman)"},{"psg_id":"826742","text":"assigned to Submarine Squadron 14. On 1 March 1968, \"Patrick Henry\" completed her 22nd patrol at Holy Loch. During the early 1970s, \"Patrick Henry\"s home port was Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. In 1976, \"Patrick Henry\" moved to Mare Island Naval Shipyard at Vallejo, California, for refueling. In the spring of 1978, the \"Patrick Henry\" underwent Demonstration and Shakedown Operations (DASO). The purpose of the DASO was to ensure that the submarine's crew could safely meet the stringent requirements for handling, maintaining and operating her strategic weapons system. It also confirmed that the submarine's crew was able to target and launch her","title":"USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599)"},{"psg_id":"11838386","text":"began the study of trumpet. He has two younger brothers, Jesse and Cameron. Patrick Henry's national fame began in 2006 while a student at the University of Louisville. At the suggestion of Louisville's marching band director, Dr. Greg Byrne, Patrick Henry joined the Louisville Marching Band, playing trumpet while his father pushed him in his wheelchair through the marching routines. This visible commitment attracted increasing crowd and media attention throughout the fall football season, and the pair of Patricks were featured in a variety of television and newspaper coverage. Patrick Henry was subsequently invited to play piano and sing in","title":"Patrick Henry Hughes"},{"psg_id":"826739","text":"USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599) USS \"Patrick Henry\" (SSBN-599), named after the American Revolutionary War figure Patrick Henry (1736–1799), was a nuclear-powered fleet ballistic missile submarine of the United States Navy. She was later converted into an attack submarine and redesignated SSN-599. \"Patrick Henry\"s keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation, in Groton, Connecticut, on 26 May 1958. She was launched on 22 September 1959, sponsored by Mrs. Betty Arends (née Tychon), wife of Congressman Leslie C. Arends and was commissioned on 9 April 1960, with Commander Harold E. Shear in command of the Blue","title":"USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599)"},{"psg_id":"17676790","text":"until 1887. Nelson became the Fifth Circuit Solicitor and the President of the South Carolina Bar Association (1911-1912). After the growth of his own firm, Nelson's son, William Shannon Nelson (1881-1939) joined the firm with his father. Ultimately William's son, Patrick Henry Nelson III (1910-1964), would come to run the law firm and continue its tremendous growth. The Nelson Law Firm is now known as Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP (commonly referred to as Nelson Mullins) which is a large U.S. law firm and lobby group based in Columbia, South Carolina. Patrick Henry Nelson II Patrick Henry Nelson II","title":"Patrick Henry Nelson II"},{"psg_id":"17676789","text":"Patrick Henry Nelson II Patrick Henry Nelson II (October 3, 1856 - June 20, 1914) was born in Camden, South Carolina to General Patrick Henry Nelson, of the Confederate States Army, and Emma Sarah Cantey. After attending The University of the South Nelson went to study law with Judge Joseph B. Kershaw in Camden, S.C. in 1875. In 1877 he was admitted to the bar and went to practice with General John D. Kennedy of Camden. He then moved his practice to Columbia, South Carolina, and in 1885 he was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives and served","title":"Patrick Henry Nelson II"},{"psg_id":"14294036","text":"Patrick Henry Brittan House The Patrick Henry Brittan House, also known as the Brittan-Dennis House, is a historic Italianate style house in Montgomery, Alabama. The one-story brick house was completed in 1858 by Patrick Henry Brittan, 10th Secretary of State of Alabama. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1979. The building is located at 507 Columbus Street. The house went through various owners after the Brittan family, and was eventually acquired by Old Alabama Town in 1994. Old Alabama Town is a partnership of the Landmarks Foundation of Montgomery and City of Montgomery.","title":"Patrick Henry Brittan House"},{"psg_id":"12991513","text":"the Fort Patrick Henry Lake. While originally built for hydroelectric generation, the dam now plays an important role in the regulation of water flow and water temperature for the John Sevier Fossil Plant and other industrial plants downstream. The dam and associated infrastructure were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017. Fort Patrick Henry Dam is named for a Revolutionary War-era fort once located at nearby Long Island of the Holston. Fort Patrick Henry Dam is located above the South Fork Holston River's confluence with the North Fork Holston River (which forms the Holston River proper). The","title":"Fort Patrick Henry Dam"},{"psg_id":"9945389","text":"history. Patrick Henry High School (Minneapolis) Patrick Henry High School, locally known as Patrick Henry, or just Henry, is a Minneapolis public high school located in the Camden area of North Minneapolis with about 1300 students. Its address has been 4320 Newton Avenue North since it was changed in the late 1990s to reflect renovations that moved the main entrance. Like all Minneapolis high schools, Henry is composed of several \"small learning communities\" or SLCs. Henry's premier program is its International Baccalaureate program, which draws from parts of North, Northeast, Southeast, and some of South Minneapolis. The Class of 2007","title":"Patrick Henry High School (Minneapolis)"},{"psg_id":"9945384","text":"Patrick Henry High School (Minneapolis) Patrick Henry High School, locally known as Patrick Henry, or just Henry, is a Minneapolis public high school located in the Camden area of North Minneapolis with about 1300 students. Its address has been 4320 Newton Avenue North since it was changed in the late 1990s to reflect renovations that moved the main entrance. Like all Minneapolis high schools, Henry is composed of several \"small learning communities\" or SLCs. Henry's premier program is its International Baccalaureate program, which draws from parts of North, Northeast, Southeast, and some of South Minneapolis. The Class of 2007 featured","title":"Patrick Henry High School (Minneapolis)"},{"psg_id":"18857303","text":"commission in the regular Army. He would later take part in the American Indian Wars. In 1881, he established a meteorological and magnetic observation station at Barrow, Alaska. In 1885, the Ray River was named after him, and the Ray Mountains were in turn named after the River. During the Spanish–American War, Ray commanded the District of North Alaska. Afterwards, Ray would command Fort Snelling and what is now Fort William Henry Harrison. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1906. Patrick Henry Ray Patrick Henry Ray was a brigadier general in the United States Army. Ray was born on","title":"Patrick Henry Ray"},{"psg_id":"13089689","text":"by his wife and four sons. Patrick Henry Jones Patrick Henry Jones (November 20, 1830 – July 23, 1900) was an American lawyer, public servant and Postmaster of New York City during the mid-to late 19th century. In 1878, he was involved in the Alexander T. Stewart bodysnatching case when he was contacted by the kidnappers to act as an intermediary between themselves and the Stewart estate. When negotiations stalled between the Stewart family's lawyer Henry Hilton, he assisted Stewart's widow in negotiating for the return of her husband's body. Jones also had a successful military career serving with the","title":"Patrick Henry Jones"},{"psg_id":"13089671","text":"Patrick Henry Jones Patrick Henry Jones (November 20, 1830 – July 23, 1900) was an American lawyer, public servant and Postmaster of New York City during the mid-to late 19th century. In 1878, he was involved in the Alexander T. Stewart bodysnatching case when he was contacted by the kidnappers to act as an intermediary between themselves and the Stewart estate. When negotiations stalled between the Stewart family's lawyer Henry Hilton, he assisted Stewart's widow in negotiating for the return of her husband's body. Jones also had a successful military career serving with the Union Army during the American Civil","title":"Patrick Henry Jones"},{"psg_id":"9747989","text":"Patrick Henry High School (Hamler, Ohio) Patrick Henry High School is a public high school in Hamler, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Patrick Henry Local Schools district. Their nickname is the Patriots with their colors being Red, White, and Blue. They are members of the Northwest Ohio Athletic League. Patrick Henry consolidated in 1969 and houses students from Hamler, Deshler, and Malinta, Ohio. The Ohio Department of Education ranked the district as Excellent from 2002 to 2012, and it has also been included in a national \"Top 100 High Schools That Work\" grouping. Students can participate","title":"Patrick Henry High School (Hamler, Ohio)"},{"psg_id":"12295487","text":"reference the history of Patrick Henry, Hanover County's most illustrious citizen. Even the school colors of red, white, and blue are a patriotic symbol of history. In 1969, Patrick Henry High and John M. Gandy High School merged to form one Integrated student body. Also in 1969, a new junior high school was built, and Patrick Henry opened that school year as a senior high school serving students in grades ten through twelve. When the junior high school was changed to a middle school in 1988, Patrick Henry became a high school enrolling students in grades nine through twelve. The","title":"Patrick Henry High School (Ashland, Virginia)"},{"psg_id":"16381393","text":"leading to the abolition of the death penalty in France in 1981. Henry was instead sentenced to life imprisonment and was paroled in 2001; however, he returned to jail two years later after having been caught trying to smuggle drugs into France. Henry died of lung cancer in Lille, aged 64, on 3 December 2017. Patrick Henry (French murderer) Patrick Henry (31 March 1953 – 3 December 2017) was a French criminal, cause célèbre and the subject of public and judicial controversy. He was convicted of the kidnapping and murder of 8-year-old Philippe Bertrand in January 1976. The trial began","title":"Patrick Henry (French murderer)"},{"psg_id":"827855","text":"is a National Historic Landmark. The Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial preserves Henry's final home, gravesite, and his restored law office. The site of his birthplace, which burned in 1807 and is now reduced to archaeological remains, is also preserved; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A plaque placed by the Daughters of the American Revolution marks the site of Leatherwood, in Henry County. Henry helped found Hampden-Sydney College, believing that \"every free state\" should promote \"useful knowledge amongst its citizens\". He was an original trustee and sent seven of his sons there. Henry was","title":"Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"827814","text":"was Martha Washington's uncle. To add to the six children he had by Sarah Henry, he would have eleven more by Dorothea, though two by the second marriage died very young. She brought 12 slaves with her, adding to the 30 Patrick Henry already had. He sold Scotchtown in 1777, and moved to Leatherwood Plantation in Henry County, which the General Assembly had just created and named for him. When Washington and his troops encamped at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777–1778, Henry arranged for livestock and other food to be sent to their relief. There was discontent against","title":"Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"8047010","text":"areas. Some graduated early as a result, while others chose to become even better prepared for college. By 1973, Patrick Henry had numerous advanced placement classes, including English and Art History, the latter being rather rare at that time. In the late 1970s Patrick Henry was the first of only a few high schools in the San Diego area to have a smoking section, which was eventually removed some years later. On January 5, 1984, the San Diego Police Department executed one of the largest and most controversial narcotics raids in the department's history- arresting 63 Patrick Henry High students,","title":"Patrick Henry High School (California)"},{"psg_id":"8047006","text":"Patrick Henry High School (California) Patrick Henry High School is a public high school in San Diego, California. It is part of the San Diego Unified School District. It is attended by students in grades 9-12 residing in Del Cerro, San Carlos, Allied Gardens, Mission Valley and the College Area. It is a four-year high school accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The campus includes a counseling center, child development center, computer and science labs, a cafetorium, library and a performing arts theater. Patrick Henry is a member school of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors","title":"Patrick Henry High School (California)"},{"psg_id":"8168693","text":"the 1920s. In his paintings of 1918 and later, hard-edged geometric forms are arranged as on a tabletop and rendered in evenly applied, flat colors. His work was admired by Marcel Duchamp and may have influenced the style adopted by his former teacher, Matisse, in his mural \"La Danse\" (1932–33, in the Barnes Foundation, Merion, Pennsylvania). Intensely self-critical, Bruce destroyed a great many of his paintings, and only about one hundred works remain. He committed suicide with the drug Veronal in New York City on November 12, 1936. Patrick Henry Bruce Patrick Henry Bruce (March 25, 1881 – November 12,","title":"Patrick Henry Bruce"},{"psg_id":"5865746","text":"Mass of Paul VI, led Omlor to reject the legitimacy of all popes elected since 1958, starting with John XXIII, making him a pioneer of Sedevacantism. Patrick Henry Omlor Patrick Henry Omlor (June 13, 1931 – May 2, 2013) was an American Traditionalist Catholic author. He was most notable for his rejection of the Second Vatican Council, the Mass of Paul VI and for his contribution to the development of Sedevacantism. He was born in the United States of America and later relocated to Western Australia. He was best known for his 1967 book \"Questioning The Validity of the Masses","title":"Patrick Henry Omlor"},{"psg_id":"5865744","text":"Patrick Henry Omlor Patrick Henry Omlor (June 13, 1931 – May 2, 2013) was an American Traditionalist Catholic author. He was most notable for his rejection of the Second Vatican Council, the Mass of Paul VI and for his contribution to the development of Sedevacantism. He was born in the United States of America and later relocated to Western Australia. He was best known for his 1967 book \"Questioning The Validity of the Masses using the New, All English Canon\" and for a series of newsletters under the name \"Interdum\" (meaning, \"Intermittent\"). Omlor's works have been collected into a book","title":"Patrick Henry Omlor"},{"psg_id":"4618223","text":"Wallace christened the ship. The ship's fitting was completed on December 30, 1941. Her maiden voyage was to the Middle East. During World War II she made 12 voyages to ports including Murmansk (as part of Convoy PQ 18), Trinidad, Cape Town, Naples, and Dakar. She survived the war, but was seriously damaged when she went aground on a reef off the coast of Florida in July 1946. The ship was laid up at Mobile, Alabama, and was scrapped at Baltimore in 1958. SS Patrick Henry SS \"Patrick Henry\" was the first Liberty ship launched. It was built by the","title":"SS Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"4618222","text":", , and . In the speech delivered at the launching, Roosevelt referred to Patrick Henry's \"Give me Liberty, or give me Death!\" speech of 23 March 1775. Roosevelt said that this new class of ships would bring liberty to Europe, which gave rise to the name \"Liberty ship\". \"Patrick Henry\" was sponsored by Ilo Browne Wallace, wife of Vice President Henry A. Wallace, with Mrs. Robert H. Jackson, wife of the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and Madame Bruggmann, wife of the Minister of Switzerland Karl Bruggmann and sister of the vice president. Ilo","title":"SS Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"3829715","text":"editor of \"World\", Gene Edward Veith, took the post of academic dean. As part of multiple structural and administrative changes implemented in November 2006, Veith was appointed to the position of provost and oversees the departments of Academic Affairs and Student Life. Dr. Graham Walker announced his resignation as President of Patrick Henry College on October 15, 2014. During the search process to select a new President, Provost Dr. Gene Edward Veith served as Interim President. On August 3, 2015, the College announced that Jack Haye had been selected to serve as the Third President of Patrick Henry College. During","title":"Patrick Henry College"},{"psg_id":"20278218","text":"push for the suppression of secret societies. According to Gillian O'Brien, by the time \"the Cronin murder case had concluded, there was little that remained secret about the secret society [Clan na Gael].\" Patrick Henry Cronin Philip Patrick Henry Cronin (7 August 1846 - May 4, 1889) was an Irish immigrant to the United States, a physician, and a member of Clan na Gael in Chicago. In 1889, Cronin was murdered by affiliates of Clan na Gael. Following an extensive investigation into his death, the murder trial was, at the time, the longest-running trial in U.S. history. Cronin's murder caused","title":"Patrick Henry Cronin"},{"psg_id":"20278186","text":"Patrick Henry Cronin Philip Patrick Henry Cronin (7 August 1846 - May 4, 1889) was an Irish immigrant to the United States, a physician, and a member of Clan na Gael in Chicago. In 1889, Cronin was murdered by affiliates of Clan na Gael. Following an extensive investigation into his death, the murder trial was, at the time, the longest-running trial in U.S. history. Cronin's murder caused a public backlash against secret societies, including protests and written condemnations by the leadership of the Catholic Church. Cronin grew up in the U.S. and Canada, and moved to the Midwestern United States","title":"Patrick Henry Cronin"},{"psg_id":"19681510","text":"a colonel, then went right back to active duty. In 1930, he retired by operation of law as a brigadier general. Birmingham died at age 78 on May 4, 1932. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Henry Patrick Birmingham Henry Patrick Birmingham (March 15, 1854 – May 4, 1932) was a surgeon and an American brigadier general active during World War I. Birmingham was born in Brooklyn, New York. He received his medical degree from the University of Michigan in 1876, and on February 18, 1881 he entered the army as an assistant surgeon of the Medical Corps. Birmingham's","title":"Henry Patrick Birmingham"},{"psg_id":"19681508","text":"Henry Patrick Birmingham Henry Patrick Birmingham (March 15, 1854 – May 4, 1932) was a surgeon and an American brigadier general active during World War I. Birmingham was born in Brooklyn, New York. He received his medical degree from the University of Michigan in 1876, and on February 18, 1881 he entered the army as an assistant surgeon of the Medical Corps. Birmingham's first tours of duty were with the Fourth Cavalry in actions against the Apaches in the southwest. He was promoted to assistant surgeon on February 18, 1886. During the Spanish–American War, he served in Puerto Rico and","title":"Henry Patrick Birmingham"},{"psg_id":"19614502","text":"well as a popular pastor, homilist, and teacher. In addition to his responsibilities as pastor at All Saints Antiochian Orthodox Church in Chicago, he is author of more than 500 articles, editorials, and reviews in numerous popular and scholarly journals, including more than 200 for Touchstone Magazine. He is also the author of nine books. Most of his books were published by Ancient Faith Publishing, and his podcasts are hosted by Ancient Faith Radio. Patrick Henry Reardon Patrick Henry Reardon is an archpriest of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese, author, lecturer, podcaster, and senior editor of \"Touchstone\". Reardon began his","title":"Patrick Henry Reardon"},{"psg_id":"19614501","text":"Patrick Henry Reardon Patrick Henry Reardon is an archpriest of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese, author, lecturer, podcaster, and senior editor of \"Touchstone\". Reardon began his theological education at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, then attended St. Anselm's College, and the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome, Italy, followed later at St. Tikhon's Orthodox Seminary in South Canaan, Pennsylvania. Reardon came to national attention in 2015 when he announced he was refusing to sign any marriage licenses issued by the state of Illinois, owing to the state's complicity in the redefinition of marriage. He is a prolific writer as","title":"Patrick Henry Reardon"},{"psg_id":"18857302","text":"Patrick Henry Ray Patrick Henry Ray was a brigadier general in the United States Army. Ray was born on May 8, 1842 in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. His father, Adam Ray, was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. An uncle, George Augustus Ray, was also a member. On April 22, 1889, Ray married Ada Blackman. He died in 1911. After the outbreak of the American Civil War, Ray enlisted with the 2nd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment of the Union Army. By war's end, he was a captain with the 1st Wisconsin Heavy Artillery Regiment. In 1867, he received a new","title":"Patrick Henry Ray"},{"psg_id":"18120117","text":"nineteenth century. He was home-schooled and became an eager student of the outdoors. He began logging at an early age and truly made a name for himself in 1898 when he built a successful mile and quarter long log sluice on Enchanted Pond, then referred to as “Bulldog Pond”. Henry Patrick McKenney Henry Patrick “H.P.” McKenney (January 18, 1863 – January 9, 1942) was an American woodsman, lumberman, outdoor enthusiast, and businessman who served as the fire warden in Jackman, Maine in 1912. He was the owner of several logging and sporting camps in the area including Bulldog Camps and","title":"Henry Patrick McKenney"},{"psg_id":"18120116","text":"Henry Patrick McKenney Henry Patrick “H.P.” McKenney (January 18, 1863 – January 9, 1942) was an American woodsman, lumberman, outdoor enthusiast, and businessman who served as the fire warden in Jackman, Maine in 1912. He was the owner of several logging and sporting camps in the area including Bulldog Camps and Lake Parlin House. He is noted for his work ethic, business savvy, and stubbornness that often attributed to his success. Born into a large family in Jackman, McKenney was the eighth of thirteen children and often embraced the strenuous life that came with living in rural Maine in the","title":"Henry Patrick McKenney"},{"psg_id":"10961935","text":"Home Store was then torn down for an 2005-2006 expansion which included a Dick's Sporting Goods, Borders Books & Music, plus New York & Company, Red Robin, and new locations for existing retailers American Eagle Outfitters, Bath & Body Works, Victoria's Secret, Express, and Hallmark Cards. Borders closed in early 2011 and became Forever 21 in October 2012. In September 2017, Tilt Studio announced that will be opening this location, with J.P. Pepperoni restaurant, mini bowling alley, one-story laser tag, games and others. This opened in December 18, 2017 in the former AMC 7/Old Navy. Patrick Henry Mall Patrick Henry","title":"Patrick Henry Mall"},{"psg_id":"3829709","text":"in Genesis 1:1–31, was completed in six twenty-four-hour days.\" In 2006, PHC founder Farris commented that the college held the view that its faith was the only true faith (\"we believe that there is truth and there is error\") and expressed disapproval of religious and social toleration. \"Tolerance cannot coexist with liberty\" because \"the crowd of tolerance wants to ban speech.\" On April 12, 2007, LGBT rights group Soulforce selected PHC as one of the targets of its annual \"Equality Ride,\" to protest the stance of conservative Christian colleges concerning homosexuality. Like many other Christian colleges, Patrick Henry did not","title":"Patrick Henry College"},{"psg_id":"17925165","text":"Patrick Henry High School (Stockbridge, Georgia) Patrick Henry High School (PHHS) was located at 109 South Lee Street in Stockbridge, Georgia, United States. It was the alternative high school for the Henry County School System. It was closed after the 2015 school year due to the high level of mold, which resulted in the building being condemned. The building was the original Stockbridge High School. Patrick Henry High School relocated to the old McDonough Elementary School in McDonough and was renamed Excel Academy. PHHS was used for filming the middle and high school scenes for the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\".","title":"Patrick Henry High School (Stockbridge, Georgia)"},{"psg_id":"17925164","text":"Patrick Henry High School (Stockbridge, Georgia) Patrick Henry High School (PHHS) was located at 109 South Lee Street in Stockbridge, Georgia, United States. It was the alternative high school for the Henry County School System. It was closed after the 2015 school year due to the high level of mold, which resulted in the building being condemned. The building was the original Stockbridge High School. Patrick Henry High School relocated to the old McDonough Elementary School in McDonough and was renamed Excel Academy. PHHS was used for filming the middle and high school scenes for the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\".","title":"Patrick Henry High School (Stockbridge, Georgia)"},{"psg_id":"827788","text":"Natural elegance of his Stile, or Manner\". The secretary of the Congress, Charles Thomson, wrote that when Henry rose, he had expected little from a man dressed as plainly as a rural minister. \"But as he proceeded, [he] evinced such [an] unusual force of argument, and such novel and impassioned eloquence as soon electrified the whole house. Then the excited inquiry passed from man to man ... 'Who is it? Who is it?' The answer from the few who knew him was, it is \"Patrick Henry\".\" Henry was involved in the first dispute within the Congress, on whether each colony","title":"Patrick Henry"},{"psg_id":"18515129","text":"Foundation Fighting AIDS), LifeBeat (Music Fights AIDS) and Visual AIDS for the initial portfolios. Featured artists include Sylvester (singer), Mel Cheren, artist and creator of West End Records, and Patrick Kelly (fashion designer). Founding artists' legacies include: POBA - Where the Arts Live POBA is a non-profit, online arts community, launched in July, 2014 by The James Kirk Bernard Foundation (named after a young artist who died in 2010). POBA's mission is to preserve, display, and provide resources for research, archiving, and appraising the creative legacies of 20th and 21st century artists who either died without their legacy being fully","title":"POBA - Where the Arts Live"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"827858\",\n \"text\": \"opened in 1949, the airport was called Patrick Henry Field, and was later renamed Patrick Henry International Airport, a name it retained until 1990. The airport code is still PHF. Patrick Henry has been honored twice on U.S. postage stamps. On October 7, 1955, the United States Post Office Department issued a $1 definitive stamp honoring Henry, one of the high values in the Liberty issue. A painting of Henry by American artist Alonzo Chappel (1828–1887) was used as the inspiration and as the model by the engraver for this issue. In 1960–1961, the U.S. Post Office issued the American\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11838385\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Hughes Patrick Henry Hughes (born March 10, 1988) is an American multi-instrumental musician from Louisville, Kentucky who was born without eyes and unable to fully straighten his arms and legs, making him unable to walk. Patrick Henry Hughes was born March 10, 1988 to Patrick John and Patricia Hughes. Upon his delivery, the medical staff noticed physical anomalies. These were diagnosed as bilateral anophthalmia with pterygium syndrome and congenital bilateral hip dysplasia. His father, Patrick John Hughes, introduced him to the piano at the age of nine months. Patrick has studied piano in the years since and later\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Hughes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8664826\",\n \"text\": \"Army Meritorious Unit Commendation Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation Expert Marksmanship Badge w/ carbine and pistol bars Air Assault Badge Patrick Henry Brady Patrick Henry Brady (born October 1, 1936), is a retired United States Army major general. While serving as a helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War, he received the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military decoration for valor. Brady attended O'Dea High School in Seattle, Washington, an all-boys school run by the Congregation of Christian Brothers, where he was active in sports. While in college at Seattle University, he initially hated the compulsory ROTC program\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Brady\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8664818\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Brady Patrick Henry Brady (born October 1, 1936), is a retired United States Army major general. While serving as a helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War, he received the Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military decoration for valor. Brady attended O'Dea High School in Seattle, Washington, an all-boys school run by the Congregation of Christian Brothers, where he was active in sports. While in college at Seattle University, he initially hated the compulsory ROTC program and was kicked out. Brady realized he would probably be drafted after graduation and reentered the ROTC program in order to enter\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Brady\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19576799\",\n \"text\": \"served in the Wisconsin State Senate. Smith died in Plymouth, Vermont from ill health. Patrick Henry Smith Patrick Henry Smith (September 29, 1827 – January 22, 1884) was an American business and politician. Born in Royalton, Vermont, Smith moved to Sheboygan, Wisconsin Territory in 1847. He then settled permanently in Plymouth, Wisconsin in 1848 where he was a merchant. From 1853 to 1857, Smith served as postmaster of Plymouth, Wisconsin. In 1860, Smith was appointed deputy United States marshal. Smith was the first town clerk of Plymouth, Wisconsin and was a Democrat. He served on the Plymouth Common Council and\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19576798\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Smith Patrick Henry Smith (September 29, 1827 – January 22, 1884) was an American business and politician. Born in Royalton, Vermont, Smith moved to Sheboygan, Wisconsin Territory in 1847. He then settled permanently in Plymouth, Wisconsin in 1848 where he was a merchant. From 1853 to 1857, Smith served as postmaster of Plymouth, Wisconsin. In 1860, Smith was appointed deputy United States marshal. Smith was the first town clerk of Plymouth, Wisconsin and was a Democrat. He served on the Plymouth Common Council and was president of the common council. From 1880 to his death in 1884, Smith\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"827763\",\n \"text\": \"ministers petitioned the Board of Trade in London to overrule the Burgesses, which it did. Five clergymen then brought suit for back pay, cases known as the Parson's Cause; of them, only the Reverend James Maury was successful, and a jury was to be empaneled in Hanover County on December 1, 1763 to fix damages. Henry was engaged as counsel by Maury's parish vestry for this hearing. Patrick Henry's father, Colonel John Henry, was the presiding judge. After the evidence was presented proving the facts at issue, Maury's counsel gave a speech in praise of the clergy, many of whom\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11903014\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go? \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \\\"Wheel Me Out\\\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \\\"Was (Not Was)\\\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \\\"It's an Attack!\\\" as the B-side. A live recording of \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"827859\",\n \"text\": \"Credo series, six stamps with well-known patriotic quotations. Patrick Henry's most famous words are inscribed on the final issue in the series, a 4-cent stamp first released in Richmond on January 11, 1961. As historian Richard Beeman put it, Henry was a man who \\\"did not bother to write much of anything down\\\", a handicap when being evaluated by history. The lack of primary source materials regarding Henry—only a handful of papers and a few of his speeches survive—has frustrated Henry's biographers from Wirt (1817) to Beeman (1974): Wirt commented two years before publishing his book, \\\"It is all speaking,\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15291090\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick T. Henry Patrick T. Henry was United States Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) from 1998 to 2001. Patrick T. Henry was educated at the United States Naval Academy, graduating in 1972. He then spent the next twenty years serving in the United States Marine Corps. As a marine, Henry held command and staff positions in Marine Corps tank units, commanded an Army tank training company at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and served on the staff of two Secretaries of Defense. He left the Marine Corps in 1992. In 1992, Henry became Chief of Staff of the\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick T. Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"826744\",\n \"text\": \"Pacific Fleet into the 1980s. In 1982 \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" and many of her sister ships had their ballistic missile tubes disabled and were reclassified as attack submarines (SSNs). \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" was redesignated SSN-599. \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 25 May 1984. She was disposed of through the Ship-Submarine recycling program at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, ceasing to exist on 21 August 1997. USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599) USS \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" (SSBN-599), named after the American Revolutionary War figure Patrick Henry (1736–1799), was a nuclear-powered fleet ballistic missile submarine of the United States Navy.\",\n \"title\": \"USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14294037\",\n \"text\": \"It was founded in 1967. Many of its more than fifty authentically restored 19th and early 20th century structures from around the state are clustered together into a village-like grouping that operates as a living history museum. They have restored the Patrick Henry Brittan House, and, unlike many of Old Alabama Town's rescued properties, it remains on its original site. Patrick Henry Brittan House The Patrick Henry Brittan House, also known as the Brittan-Dennis House, is a historic Italianate style house in Montgomery, Alabama. The one-story brick house was completed in 1858 by Patrick Henry Brittan, 10th Secretary of State\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Brittan House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12991517\",\n \"text\": \"Dam began on May 14, 1951. The construction of Fort Patrick Henry Dam and its reservoir required the purchase of of land, of which had to be cleared. 22 families and of roads had to be relocated, and one new bridge had to be built. The dam was completed and its gates closed October 27, 1953. The dam's first generator went online December 5, 1953 and its second generator went online February 22, 1954. The total cost of the Fort Patrick Henry project was $12.3 million. Fort Patrick Henry Dam Fort Patrick Henry Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the\",\n \"title\": \"Fort Patrick Henry Dam\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12991514\",\n \"text\": \"city center of Kingsport is just northwest of the dam, and the unincorporated community of Colonial Heights is also nearby. Warriors' Path State Park occupies part of Fort Patrick Henry Lake's shoreline. Fort Patrick Henry Dam is upstream from the retention dam at John Sevier Fossil Plant and about upstream from Cherokee Dam, both of which are on the Holston River proper. Fort Patrick Henry Dam is a concrete gravity-type dam high and long, and has a generating capacity of 59,400 kilowatts. The dam's overfall spillway has five radial gates with a combined maximum discharge of . Fort Patrick Henry\",\n \"title\": \"Fort Patrick Henry Dam\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"827794\",\n \"text\": \"concluded, Henry plunged an ivory letter opener towards his chest in imitation of the Roman patriot Cato the Younger. Henry's speech carried the day, and the convention adopted his amendments. Still, they passed only narrowly, as many delegates were uncertain where the resistance urged by Henry and other radicals would lead, and few counties formed independent militia companies at the urging of the convention. The text of Henry's speech first appeared in print in Wirt's 1817 biography, published 18 years after Patrick Henry's death. Wirt corresponded with men who had heard the speech and others who were acquainted with people\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7453080\",\n \"text\": \"In 2002, the US Army planned a large extension of the housing area. However, soon afterwards the Army announced the closure of all Heidelberg and Mannheim facilities. Patrick-Henry-Village was officially closed on the 6. September 2013 after all military personnel moved to the new headquarters of the United States European Command at Wiesbaden. On 2 June 2014, the site was transferred to the Institute for Federal Real Estate. In its final state, Patrick Henry Village had a large number of educational, recreational and public facilities as well as shops and dining facilities. Schools included Patrick Henry Elementary School (Grades K-5)\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Village\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4618221\",\n \"text\": \"SS Patrick Henry SS \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" was the first Liberty ship launched. It was built by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at their Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland, and launched on 27 September 1941. Liberty ships initially had a poor public image and to try to assuage public opinion, September 27, 1941 was designated Liberty Fleet Day, and the first 14 \\\"Emergency\\\" vessels were launched that day. The first of these (with MC hull number 14) was \\\"Patrick Henry\\\", launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Other \\\"Emergency\\\" vessels launched that day, in various yards around the country included: , , ,\",\n \"title\": \"SS Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3829721\",\n \"text\": \"Baptism and \\\"Lake Bob\\\", in which newly engaged males are dunked. In the 2000s Hanna Rosin, author of \\\"God's Harvard\\\", said that \\\"never would you find a group of better-behaved teenagers than on the campus of Patrick Henry.\\\" During that period many Patrick Henry students made fun of Bob Jones University, which Rosin described as having \\\"the gold standard of vice patrol.\\\" Rosin commented that \\\"by most people's standards,\\\" Patrick Henry \\\"was not far behind\\\" Bob Jones. Students are involved in the community, and PHC requires its Government students to fulfill up to 24 credits of apprenticeship projects, which include\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15131578\",\n \"text\": \"American Founding Father Patrick Henry, the 300-room hotel celebrated its grand opening the following year on November 10, 1925, with over 2,000 people in attendance. The Patrick Henry name was actually chosen in a naming contest, and the winner was a young Roanoker, John Payne, who went on to become a Hollywood star in the 1940s, appearing in Miracle on 32nd Street, among others. At the time of its opening, the Patrick Henry was operated by the hotel management firm of Meyer Hotels of Birmingham, Alabama; Meyer operated the hotel through 1954. In the interim, the hotel received its first\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Hotel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11838388\",\n \"text\": \"to be the recipients of a complete home renovation for the show \\\"\\\". The episode aired on February 15, 2008. During late 2012, Patrick Henry and his family competed on \\\"Family Feud\\\", remaining champions for four days before being defeated on their fifth and final day; the family was later brought back because of a technical error and given another chance to retire undefeated, but were again unsuccessful. His story was dramatized in the 2015 movie \\\"I Am Potential\\\", written and directed by Zach Meiners and starring Jimmy Bellinger as Patrick Henry, and Burgess Jenkins as his father. Patrick Henry\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Hughes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114571\",\n \"text\": \"on December 29, 1964. It was equivalent to Motown 25 or Live Aid as a pivotal music concert event . When it hit theaters nationwide, it undoubtedly raised and extended the visibility of the \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" album. All tracks written by Holland–Dozier–Holland except as noted. The original album sold a million copies {in 1964-1965} stateside alone. The limited exclusive \\\"40th Anniversary\\\" version is now listed as \\\"sold out\\\". It remains, to date, their third best-selling studio album. Where Did Our Love Go (album) Where Did Our Love Go is the second studio album by Motown singing group\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10434800\",\n \"text\": \"senate 1904-1908. He served as mayor of Brandon from 1916 until his death in Brandon, Mississippi, May 18, 1930. He was interred in Brandon Cemetery. Patrick Henry (U.S. Congressman) Patrick Henry (February 12, 1843 – May 18, 1930) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi, uncle of Patrick Henry (1861-1933). Born near Cynthia, Mississippi, Henry attended the common schools, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, Madison College, Sharon, Mississippi, and the Nashville (Tennessee) Military College. He moved to Brandon, Mississippi, in 1858. Enlisted in the Confederate service as a first lieutenant in Company B, Sixth Mississippi Infantry Regiment, in 1861. He served throughout\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry (U.S. Congressman)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10434798\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry (U.S. Congressman) Patrick Henry (February 12, 1843 – May 18, 1930) was a U.S. Representative from Mississippi, uncle of Patrick Henry (1861-1933). Born near Cynthia, Mississippi, Henry attended the common schools, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, Madison College, Sharon, Mississippi, and the Nashville (Tennessee) Military College. He moved to Brandon, Mississippi, in 1858. Enlisted in the Confederate service as a first lieutenant in Company B, Sixth Mississippi Infantry Regiment, in 1861. He served throughout the Civil War and surrendered at Greensboro, North Carolina, April 26, 1865, as major of the Fourteenth (Consolidated) Mississippi Regiment. He engaged in agricultural pursuits\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry (U.S. Congressman)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"826742\",\n \"text\": \"assigned to Submarine Squadron 14. On 1 March 1968, \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" completed her 22nd patrol at Holy Loch. During the early 1970s, \\\"Patrick Henry\\\"s home port was Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. In 1976, \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" moved to Mare Island Naval Shipyard at Vallejo, California, for refueling. In the spring of 1978, the \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" underwent Demonstration and Shakedown Operations (DASO). The purpose of the DASO was to ensure that the submarine's crew could safely meet the stringent requirements for handling, maintaining and operating her strategic weapons system. It also confirmed that the submarine's crew was able to target and launch her\",\n \"title\": \"USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11838386\",\n \"text\": \"began the study of trumpet. He has two younger brothers, Jesse and Cameron. Patrick Henry's national fame began in 2006 while a student at the University of Louisville. At the suggestion of Louisville's marching band director, Dr. Greg Byrne, Patrick Henry joined the Louisville Marching Band, playing trumpet while his father pushed him in his wheelchair through the marching routines. This visible commitment attracted increasing crowd and media attention throughout the fall football season, and the pair of Patricks were featured in a variety of television and newspaper coverage. Patrick Henry was subsequently invited to play piano and sing in\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Hughes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"826739\",\n \"text\": \"USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599) USS \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" (SSBN-599), named after the American Revolutionary War figure Patrick Henry (1736–1799), was a nuclear-powered fleet ballistic missile submarine of the United States Navy. She was later converted into an attack submarine and redesignated SSN-599. \\\"Patrick Henry\\\"s keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation, in Groton, Connecticut, on 26 May 1958. She was launched on 22 September 1959, sponsored by Mrs. Betty Arends (née Tychon), wife of Congressman Leslie C. Arends and was commissioned on 9 April 1960, with Commander Harold E. Shear in command of the Blue\",\n \"title\": \"USS Patrick Henry (SSBN-599)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17676790\",\n \"text\": \"until 1887. Nelson became the Fifth Circuit Solicitor and the President of the South Carolina Bar Association (1911-1912). After the growth of his own firm, Nelson's son, William Shannon Nelson (1881-1939) joined the firm with his father. Ultimately William's son, Patrick Henry Nelson III (1910-1964), would come to run the law firm and continue its tremendous growth. The Nelson Law Firm is now known as Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP (commonly referred to as Nelson Mullins) which is a large U.S. law firm and lobby group based in Columbia, South Carolina. Patrick Henry Nelson II Patrick Henry Nelson II\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Nelson II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17676789\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Nelson II Patrick Henry Nelson II (October 3, 1856 - June 20, 1914) was born in Camden, South Carolina to General Patrick Henry Nelson, of the Confederate States Army, and Emma Sarah Cantey. After attending The University of the South Nelson went to study law with Judge Joseph B. Kershaw in Camden, S.C. in 1875. In 1877 he was admitted to the bar and went to practice with General John D. Kennedy of Camden. He then moved his practice to Columbia, South Carolina, and in 1885 he was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives and served\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Nelson II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14294036\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Brittan House The Patrick Henry Brittan House, also known as the Brittan-Dennis House, is a historic Italianate style house in Montgomery, Alabama. The one-story brick house was completed in 1858 by Patrick Henry Brittan, 10th Secretary of State of Alabama. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1979. The building is located at 507 Columbus Street. The house went through various owners after the Brittan family, and was eventually acquired by Old Alabama Town in 1994. Old Alabama Town is a partnership of the Landmarks Foundation of Montgomery and City of Montgomery.\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Brittan House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12991513\",\n \"text\": \"the Fort Patrick Henry Lake. While originally built for hydroelectric generation, the dam now plays an important role in the regulation of water flow and water temperature for the John Sevier Fossil Plant and other industrial plants downstream. The dam and associated infrastructure were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017. Fort Patrick Henry Dam is named for a Revolutionary War-era fort once located at nearby Long Island of the Holston. Fort Patrick Henry Dam is located above the South Fork Holston River's confluence with the North Fork Holston River (which forms the Holston River proper). The\",\n \"title\": \"Fort Patrick Henry Dam\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9945389\",\n \"text\": \"history. Patrick Henry High School (Minneapolis) Patrick Henry High School, locally known as Patrick Henry, or just Henry, is a Minneapolis public high school located in the Camden area of North Minneapolis with about 1300 students. Its address has been 4320 Newton Avenue North since it was changed in the late 1990s to reflect renovations that moved the main entrance. Like all Minneapolis high schools, Henry is composed of several \\\"small learning communities\\\" or SLCs. Henry's premier program is its International Baccalaureate program, which draws from parts of North, Northeast, Southeast, and some of South Minneapolis. The Class of 2007\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Minneapolis)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9945384\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Minneapolis) Patrick Henry High School, locally known as Patrick Henry, or just Henry, is a Minneapolis public high school located in the Camden area of North Minneapolis with about 1300 students. Its address has been 4320 Newton Avenue North since it was changed in the late 1990s to reflect renovations that moved the main entrance. Like all Minneapolis high schools, Henry is composed of several \\\"small learning communities\\\" or SLCs. Henry's premier program is its International Baccalaureate program, which draws from parts of North, Northeast, Southeast, and some of South Minneapolis. The Class of 2007 featured\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Minneapolis)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18857303\",\n \"text\": \"commission in the regular Army. He would later take part in the American Indian Wars. In 1881, he established a meteorological and magnetic observation station at Barrow, Alaska. In 1885, the Ray River was named after him, and the Ray Mountains were in turn named after the River. During the Spanish–American War, Ray commanded the District of North Alaska. Afterwards, Ray would command Fort Snelling and what is now Fort William Henry Harrison. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1906. Patrick Henry Ray Patrick Henry Ray was a brigadier general in the United States Army. Ray was born on\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Ray\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13089689\",\n \"text\": \"by his wife and four sons. Patrick Henry Jones Patrick Henry Jones (November 20, 1830 – July 23, 1900) was an American lawyer, public servant and Postmaster of New York City during the mid-to late 19th century. In 1878, he was involved in the Alexander T. Stewart bodysnatching case when he was contacted by the kidnappers to act as an intermediary between themselves and the Stewart estate. When negotiations stalled between the Stewart family's lawyer Henry Hilton, he assisted Stewart's widow in negotiating for the return of her husband's body. Jones also had a successful military career serving with the\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Jones\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13089671\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Jones Patrick Henry Jones (November 20, 1830 – July 23, 1900) was an American lawyer, public servant and Postmaster of New York City during the mid-to late 19th century. In 1878, he was involved in the Alexander T. Stewart bodysnatching case when he was contacted by the kidnappers to act as an intermediary between themselves and the Stewart estate. When negotiations stalled between the Stewart family's lawyer Henry Hilton, he assisted Stewart's widow in negotiating for the return of her husband's body. Jones also had a successful military career serving with the Union Army during the American Civil\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Jones\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9747989\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Hamler, Ohio) Patrick Henry High School is a public high school in Hamler, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Patrick Henry Local Schools district. Their nickname is the Patriots with their colors being Red, White, and Blue. They are members of the Northwest Ohio Athletic League. Patrick Henry consolidated in 1969 and houses students from Hamler, Deshler, and Malinta, Ohio. The Ohio Department of Education ranked the district as Excellent from 2002 to 2012, and it has also been included in a national \\\"Top 100 High Schools That Work\\\" grouping. Students can participate\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Hamler, Ohio)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12295487\",\n \"text\": \"reference the history of Patrick Henry, Hanover County's most illustrious citizen. Even the school colors of red, white, and blue are a patriotic symbol of history. In 1969, Patrick Henry High and John M. Gandy High School merged to form one Integrated student body. Also in 1969, a new junior high school was built, and Patrick Henry opened that school year as a senior high school serving students in grades ten through twelve. When the junior high school was changed to a middle school in 1988, Patrick Henry became a high school enrolling students in grades nine through twelve. The\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Ashland, Virginia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16381393\",\n \"text\": \"leading to the abolition of the death penalty in France in 1981. Henry was instead sentenced to life imprisonment and was paroled in 2001; however, he returned to jail two years later after having been caught trying to smuggle drugs into France. Henry died of lung cancer in Lille, aged 64, on 3 December 2017. Patrick Henry (French murderer) Patrick Henry (31 March 1953 – 3 December 2017) was a French criminal, cause célèbre and the subject of public and judicial controversy. He was convicted of the kidnapping and murder of 8-year-old Philippe Bertrand in January 1976. The trial began\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry (French murderer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"827855\",\n \"text\": \"is a National Historic Landmark. The Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial preserves Henry's final home, gravesite, and his restored law office. The site of his birthplace, which burned in 1807 and is now reduced to archaeological remains, is also preserved; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A plaque placed by the Daughters of the American Revolution marks the site of Leatherwood, in Henry County. Henry helped found Hampden-Sydney College, believing that \\\"every free state\\\" should promote \\\"useful knowledge amongst its citizens\\\". He was an original trustee and sent seven of his sons there. Henry was\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"827814\",\n \"text\": \"was Martha Washington's uncle. To add to the six children he had by Sarah Henry, he would have eleven more by Dorothea, though two by the second marriage died very young. She brought 12 slaves with her, adding to the 30 Patrick Henry already had. He sold Scotchtown in 1777, and moved to Leatherwood Plantation in Henry County, which the General Assembly had just created and named for him. When Washington and his troops encamped at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777–1778, Henry arranged for livestock and other food to be sent to their relief. There was discontent against\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8047010\",\n \"text\": \"areas. Some graduated early as a result, while others chose to become even better prepared for college. By 1973, Patrick Henry had numerous advanced placement classes, including English and Art History, the latter being rather rare at that time. In the late 1970s Patrick Henry was the first of only a few high schools in the San Diego area to have a smoking section, which was eventually removed some years later. On January 5, 1984, the San Diego Police Department executed one of the largest and most controversial narcotics raids in the department's history- arresting 63 Patrick Henry High students,\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry High School (California)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8047006\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry High School (California) Patrick Henry High School is a public high school in San Diego, California. It is part of the San Diego Unified School District. It is attended by students in grades 9-12 residing in Del Cerro, San Carlos, Allied Gardens, Mission Valley and the College Area. It is a four-year high school accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The campus includes a counseling center, child development center, computer and science labs, a cafetorium, library and a performing arts theater. Patrick Henry is a member school of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry High School (California)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8168693\",\n \"text\": \"the 1920s. In his paintings of 1918 and later, hard-edged geometric forms are arranged as on a tabletop and rendered in evenly applied, flat colors. His work was admired by Marcel Duchamp and may have influenced the style adopted by his former teacher, Matisse, in his mural \\\"La Danse\\\" (1932–33, in the Barnes Foundation, Merion, Pennsylvania). Intensely self-critical, Bruce destroyed a great many of his paintings, and only about one hundred works remain. He committed suicide with the drug Veronal in New York City on November 12, 1936. Patrick Henry Bruce Patrick Henry Bruce (March 25, 1881 – November 12,\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Bruce\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5865746\",\n \"text\": \"Mass of Paul VI, led Omlor to reject the legitimacy of all popes elected since 1958, starting with John XXIII, making him a pioneer of Sedevacantism. Patrick Henry Omlor Patrick Henry Omlor (June 13, 1931 – May 2, 2013) was an American Traditionalist Catholic author. He was most notable for his rejection of the Second Vatican Council, the Mass of Paul VI and for his contribution to the development of Sedevacantism. He was born in the United States of America and later relocated to Western Australia. He was best known for his 1967 book \\\"Questioning The Validity of the Masses\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Omlor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5865744\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Omlor Patrick Henry Omlor (June 13, 1931 – May 2, 2013) was an American Traditionalist Catholic author. He was most notable for his rejection of the Second Vatican Council, the Mass of Paul VI and for his contribution to the development of Sedevacantism. He was born in the United States of America and later relocated to Western Australia. He was best known for his 1967 book \\\"Questioning The Validity of the Masses using the New, All English Canon\\\" and for a series of newsletters under the name \\\"Interdum\\\" (meaning, \\\"Intermittent\\\"). Omlor's works have been collected into a book\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Omlor\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4618223\",\n \"text\": \"Wallace christened the ship. The ship's fitting was completed on December 30, 1941. Her maiden voyage was to the Middle East. During World War II she made 12 voyages to ports including Murmansk (as part of Convoy PQ 18), Trinidad, Cape Town, Naples, and Dakar. She survived the war, but was seriously damaged when she went aground on a reef off the coast of Florida in July 1946. The ship was laid up at Mobile, Alabama, and was scrapped at Baltimore in 1958. SS Patrick Henry SS \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" was the first Liberty ship launched. It was built by the\",\n \"title\": \"SS Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4618222\",\n \"text\": \", , and . In the speech delivered at the launching, Roosevelt referred to Patrick Henry's \\\"Give me Liberty, or give me Death!\\\" speech of 23 March 1775. Roosevelt said that this new class of ships would bring liberty to Europe, which gave rise to the name \\\"Liberty ship\\\". \\\"Patrick Henry\\\" was sponsored by Ilo Browne Wallace, wife of Vice President Henry A. Wallace, with Mrs. Robert H. Jackson, wife of the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and Madame Bruggmann, wife of the Minister of Switzerland Karl Bruggmann and sister of the vice president. Ilo\",\n \"title\": \"SS Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3829715\",\n \"text\": \"editor of \\\"World\\\", Gene Edward Veith, took the post of academic dean. As part of multiple structural and administrative changes implemented in November 2006, Veith was appointed to the position of provost and oversees the departments of Academic Affairs and Student Life. Dr. Graham Walker announced his resignation as President of Patrick Henry College on October 15, 2014. During the search process to select a new President, Provost Dr. Gene Edward Veith served as Interim President. On August 3, 2015, the College announced that Jack Haye had been selected to serve as the Third President of Patrick Henry College. During\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20278218\",\n \"text\": \"push for the suppression of secret societies. According to Gillian O'Brien, by the time \\\"the Cronin murder case had concluded, there was little that remained secret about the secret society [Clan na Gael].\\\" Patrick Henry Cronin Philip Patrick Henry Cronin (7 August 1846 - May 4, 1889) was an Irish immigrant to the United States, a physician, and a member of Clan na Gael in Chicago. In 1889, Cronin was murdered by affiliates of Clan na Gael. Following an extensive investigation into his death, the murder trial was, at the time, the longest-running trial in U.S. history. Cronin's murder caused\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Cronin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20278186\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Cronin Philip Patrick Henry Cronin (7 August 1846 - May 4, 1889) was an Irish immigrant to the United States, a physician, and a member of Clan na Gael in Chicago. In 1889, Cronin was murdered by affiliates of Clan na Gael. Following an extensive investigation into his death, the murder trial was, at the time, the longest-running trial in U.S. history. Cronin's murder caused a public backlash against secret societies, including protests and written condemnations by the leadership of the Catholic Church. Cronin grew up in the U.S. and Canada, and moved to the Midwestern United States\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Cronin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19681510\",\n \"text\": \"a colonel, then went right back to active duty. In 1930, he retired by operation of law as a brigadier general. Birmingham died at age 78 on May 4, 1932. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Henry Patrick Birmingham Henry Patrick Birmingham (March 15, 1854 – May 4, 1932) was a surgeon and an American brigadier general active during World War I. Birmingham was born in Brooklyn, New York. He received his medical degree from the University of Michigan in 1876, and on February 18, 1881 he entered the army as an assistant surgeon of the Medical Corps. Birmingham's\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Patrick Birmingham\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19681508\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Patrick Birmingham Henry Patrick Birmingham (March 15, 1854 – May 4, 1932) was a surgeon and an American brigadier general active during World War I. Birmingham was born in Brooklyn, New York. He received his medical degree from the University of Michigan in 1876, and on February 18, 1881 he entered the army as an assistant surgeon of the Medical Corps. Birmingham's first tours of duty were with the Fourth Cavalry in actions against the Apaches in the southwest. He was promoted to assistant surgeon on February 18, 1886. During the Spanish–American War, he served in Puerto Rico and\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Patrick Birmingham\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19614502\",\n \"text\": \"well as a popular pastor, homilist, and teacher. In addition to his responsibilities as pastor at All Saints Antiochian Orthodox Church in Chicago, he is author of more than 500 articles, editorials, and reviews in numerous popular and scholarly journals, including more than 200 for Touchstone Magazine. He is also the author of nine books. Most of his books were published by Ancient Faith Publishing, and his podcasts are hosted by Ancient Faith Radio. Patrick Henry Reardon Patrick Henry Reardon is an archpriest of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese, author, lecturer, podcaster, and senior editor of \\\"Touchstone\\\". Reardon began his\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Reardon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19614501\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Reardon Patrick Henry Reardon is an archpriest of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese, author, lecturer, podcaster, and senior editor of \\\"Touchstone\\\". Reardon began his theological education at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, then attended St. Anselm's College, and the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome, Italy, followed later at St. Tikhon's Orthodox Seminary in South Canaan, Pennsylvania. Reardon came to national attention in 2015 when he announced he was refusing to sign any marriage licenses issued by the state of Illinois, owing to the state's complicity in the redefinition of marriage. He is a prolific writer as\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Reardon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18857302\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry Ray Patrick Henry Ray was a brigadier general in the United States Army. Ray was born on May 8, 1842 in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. His father, Adam Ray, was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. An uncle, George Augustus Ray, was also a member. On April 22, 1889, Ray married Ada Blackman. He died in 1911. After the outbreak of the American Civil War, Ray enlisted with the 2nd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment of the Union Army. By war's end, he was a captain with the 1st Wisconsin Heavy Artillery Regiment. In 1867, he received a new\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Ray\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18120117\",\n \"text\": \"nineteenth century. He was home-schooled and became an eager student of the outdoors. He began logging at an early age and truly made a name for himself in 1898 when he built a successful mile and quarter long log sluice on Enchanted Pond, then referred to as “Bulldog Pond”. Henry Patrick McKenney Henry Patrick “H.P.” McKenney (January 18, 1863 – January 9, 1942) was an American woodsman, lumberman, outdoor enthusiast, and businessman who served as the fire warden in Jackman, Maine in 1912. He was the owner of several logging and sporting camps in the area including Bulldog Camps and\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Patrick McKenney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18120116\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Patrick McKenney Henry Patrick “H.P.” McKenney (January 18, 1863 – January 9, 1942) was an American woodsman, lumberman, outdoor enthusiast, and businessman who served as the fire warden in Jackman, Maine in 1912. He was the owner of several logging and sporting camps in the area including Bulldog Camps and Lake Parlin House. He is noted for his work ethic, business savvy, and stubbornness that often attributed to his success. Born into a large family in Jackman, McKenney was the eighth of thirteen children and often embraced the strenuous life that came with living in rural Maine in the\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Patrick McKenney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10961935\",\n \"text\": \"Home Store was then torn down for an 2005-2006 expansion which included a Dick's Sporting Goods, Borders Books & Music, plus New York & Company, Red Robin, and new locations for existing retailers American Eagle Outfitters, Bath & Body Works, Victoria's Secret, Express, and Hallmark Cards. Borders closed in early 2011 and became Forever 21 in October 2012. In September 2017, Tilt Studio announced that will be opening this location, with J.P. Pepperoni restaurant, mini bowling alley, one-story laser tag, games and others. This opened in December 18, 2017 in the former AMC 7/Old Navy. Patrick Henry Mall Patrick Henry\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3829709\",\n \"text\": \"in Genesis 1:1–31, was completed in six twenty-four-hour days.\\\" In 2006, PHC founder Farris commented that the college held the view that its faith was the only true faith (\\\"we believe that there is truth and there is error\\\") and expressed disapproval of religious and social toleration. \\\"Tolerance cannot coexist with liberty\\\" because \\\"the crowd of tolerance wants to ban speech.\\\" On April 12, 2007, LGBT rights group Soulforce selected PHC as one of the targets of its annual \\\"Equality Ride,\\\" to protest the stance of conservative Christian colleges concerning homosexuality. Like many other Christian colleges, Patrick Henry did not\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17925165\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Stockbridge, Georgia) Patrick Henry High School (PHHS) was located at 109 South Lee Street in Stockbridge, Georgia, United States. It was the alternative high school for the Henry County School System. It was closed after the 2015 school year due to the high level of mold, which resulted in the building being condemned. The building was the original Stockbridge High School. Patrick Henry High School relocated to the old McDonough Elementary School in McDonough and was renamed Excel Academy. PHHS was used for filming the middle and high school scenes for the Netflix series \\\"Stranger Things\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Stockbridge, Georgia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17925164\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Stockbridge, Georgia) Patrick Henry High School (PHHS) was located at 109 South Lee Street in Stockbridge, Georgia, United States. It was the alternative high school for the Henry County School System. It was closed after the 2015 school year due to the high level of mold, which resulted in the building being condemned. The building was the original Stockbridge High School. Patrick Henry High School relocated to the old McDonough Elementary School in McDonough and was renamed Excel Academy. PHHS was used for filming the middle and high school scenes for the Netflix series \\\"Stranger Things\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry High School (Stockbridge, Georgia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"827788\",\n \"text\": \"Natural elegance of his Stile, or Manner\\\". The secretary of the Congress, Charles Thomson, wrote that when Henry rose, he had expected little from a man dressed as plainly as a rural minister. \\\"But as he proceeded, [he] evinced such [an] unusual force of argument, and such novel and impassioned eloquence as soon electrified the whole house. Then the excited inquiry passed from man to man ... 'Who is it? Who is it?' The answer from the few who knew him was, it is \\\"Patrick Henry\\\".\\\" Henry was involved in the first dispute within the Congress, on whether each colony\",\n \"title\": \"Patrick Henry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18515129\",\n \"text\": \"Foundation Fighting AIDS), LifeBeat (Music Fights AIDS) and Visual AIDS for the initial portfolios. Featured artists include Sylvester (singer), Mel Cheren, artist and creator of West End Records, and Patrick Kelly (fashion designer). Founding artists' legacies include: POBA - Where the Arts Live POBA is a non-profit, online arts community, launched in July, 2014 by The James Kirk Bernard Foundation (named after a young artist who died in 2010). POBA's mission is to preserve, display, and provide resources for research, archiving, and appraising the creative legacies of 20th and 21st century artists who either died without their legacy being fully\",\n \"title\": \"POBA - Where the Arts Live\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["virginia"],"string":"[\n \"virginia\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":2199,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is spain located what continent?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12539118","text":"in Latin American countries, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Greece, where they are taught as a single continent. The criterion of a discrete landmass is completely disregarded if the continuous landmass of Eurasia is classified as two separate continents: Europe and Asia. Physiographically, Europe and South Asia are peninsulas of the Eurasian landmass. However, Europe is widely considered a continent with its comparatively large land area of , while South Asia, with less than half that area, is considered a subcontinent. The alternative view—in geology and geography—that Eurasia is a single continent results in a six-continent view of the world.","title":"Continent"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12539118\",\n \"text\": \"in Latin American countries, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Greece, where they are taught as a single continent. The criterion of a discrete landmass is completely disregarded if the continuous landmass of Eurasia is classified as two separate continents: Europe and Asia. Physiographically, Europe and South Asia are peninsulas of the Eurasian landmass. However, Europe is widely considered a continent with its comparatively large land area of , while South Asia, with less than half that area, is considered a subcontinent. The alternative view—in geology and geography—that Eurasia is a single continent results in a six-continent view of the world.\",\n \"title\": \"Continent\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"5758747","text":"out of reach. Those \"familiar with his preoccupation, themes, images, figures of speech … may assume that the 'what where' question is a kind of Oedipus' riddle and that the answer to it cannot be found, despite an obligation to ask the question.\" Rather than simply \"What?\" and \"Where?\" the full questions could easily be: \"What is the meaning of life?\" and \"Where does it all come from?\" If Bam is trying to ascertain the details surrounding a particular crime, the question has to be asked: what crime? James Knowlson believes \"that crime appears likely to be Calderón’s ‘original sin","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758752","text":"are represented by the patterns of dots on the television screen. What characters, what bodies, finally exist in \"What Where\" are created by voice, less absent presences than present absences.\" Beckett referred to the lit playing area in this production as the \"field of memory\". \"The clear indication is that what we are seeing is both a memory and a scenario: instructions come from the megaphone, the Voice of Bam controls what we see, puts the characters through their movements rapidly without words like a film running over its spools at rewind speed, and then starts again, occasionally stopping when","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758764","text":"off for the last time Bam’s voice instructs the audience: \"Make sense who may\" but how do you make sense out of something senseless? And is any adjective used more often to describe violence? Beckett has left it up to the viewer to supply his own meaning. The play has been adapted as a one-act chamber opera by Heinz Holliger, composed in 1988 and first released on a commercial recording in 1997. What Where What Where is Samuel Beckett's last play produced following a request for a new work for the 1983 Autumn Festival in Graz, Austria. It was written","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758751","text":"screen Beckett more clearly establishes that this is a story about Bam remembering … Torture becomes more explicitly self-inflicted, a function of memory, remorse and the relentless need to tell a story.\" \"Instead of players in long gray gowns, their own corporeality suspect, the four figures of the revised, television \"What Where\" now appeared as floating faces dissolving in and out [of the light] … Neither representation of Bam then is corporeal, Beckett representing instead a spectre and its mirror reflection, and the rest of the figures of \"What Where\" are ghosts as well, all the more so as they","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758730","text":"What Where What Where is Samuel Beckett's last play produced following a request for a new work for the 1983 Autumn Festival in Graz, Austria. It was written between February and March 1983 initially in French as Quoi où and translated by Beckett himself. The play begins with a voice issuing forth from a dimly lit megaphone: \"We are the last five.\" Only four characters appear throughout the performance however, \"Bam\", \"Bom\", \"Bim\", and \"Bem\" (an echo of Rimbaud’s sonnet, \"Voyelles\") but the voice does not belong to a putative \"Bum\", rather it is the \"Voice of Bam\". The men","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758756","text":"emphasis on eliciting ‘where’ from the victims, even where the victim said ‘where’. Beckett … eliminated that potentially confusing repetition, substituting a balanced ‘He didn’t say what?’ ‘He didn’t say where?’ into each encounter. The emphasis on ‘where’ was decreased, many changed to ‘it’ and each ‘where’ followed by a ‘what’.\" \"The [German] television play showed three characters who simply appear and disappear instead of shuffling back and forth on stage, which took a long time. Considering the original printed text not successful, following the clearly superior television piece, Beckett sought with [the director Pierre] Chabert to find a stage","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758744","text":"of \"What Where\": \"I don't know what it means. Don't ask me what it means. It's an object.\" There is clearly a danger in taking this remark at face value. Beckett undoubtedly had something quite specific in mind as can be seen in the way he moulded his vision over the three productions in America, Germany and France detailed below. One significant remark he did make was that the Voice of Bam could be thought as coming from \"beyond the grave\". Beckett, in \"Proust\", calls memory \"some miracle of analogy;\" he qualifies it in the preceding phrase as \"an accident\".","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"20212810","text":"a \"signature sound\" a listener could identify on his first album: \"It's because Silver is confident in his tools, mostly vintage analogue synthesizers or what passes for them digitally nowadays, and he adheres to them with such genuine enthusiasm that it's hard not to be as taken with his methodology as he is.\" However, Newmark also dismissed \"Continent\" for being \"so well-planned, so devoid of errancies and so fixated on doing everything right that, truthfully, most of it just bored me to tears.\" Derived from the liner notes of \"Continent\". Adapted from the liner notes of \"Continent\". Continent (CFCF album)","title":"Continent (CFCF album)"},{"psg_id":"8437513","text":"What? Where? When? What? Where? When? (, translit. \"Chto? Gde? Kogda?\") is an intellectual game show well known in Russian-language media and other CIS states since the mid-1970s. Today it is produced for television by TV Igra on the Russian Channel One and also exists as a competitive game played in clubs organized by the World Association of Clubs. Over 21,000 teams worldwide play the sport version of the game, based on the TV show. Throughout the game, a team of 6 experts attempts to answer questions sent in by viewers. For each question, the time limit is 1 minute.","title":"What? Where? When?"},{"psg_id":"11350782","text":"moisture and heat high up into the atmosphere which in turn feeds the upper level winds which circle the globe. Maritime Continent Maritime Continent is the name given primarily by meteorologists and oceanographers to the region of Southeast Asia which comprises, amongst other countries, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, it is situated within a warm ocean region known as the Tropical Warm Pool. The maritime continent consists of many islands, peninsulas and shallow seas. The region is significant in meteorology because it is considered the most important energy source region in the","title":"Maritime Continent"},{"psg_id":"11350780","text":"Maritime Continent Maritime Continent is the name given primarily by meteorologists and oceanographers to the region of Southeast Asia which comprises, amongst other countries, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, it is situated within a warm ocean region known as the Tropical Warm Pool. The maritime continent consists of many islands, peninsulas and shallow seas. The region is significant in meteorology because it is considered the most important energy source region in the entire global circulation system owing to a number of coincident factors, the most significant being geographic location and topography, both","title":"Maritime Continent"},{"psg_id":"8437523","text":"Russia and Azerbaijan. The 2010 championship took place in Israel with sponsorship of Euro-Asian Jewish Congress. These competitions rely on logic rather than knowledge too, but usually require more erudition than the TV versions due to high educational level of gamers. What? Where? When? What? Where? When? (, translit. \"Chto? Gde? Kogda?\") is an intellectual game show well known in Russian-language media and other CIS states since the mid-1970s. Today it is produced for television by TV Igra on the Russian Channel One and also exists as a competitive game played in clubs organized by the World Association of Clubs.","title":"What? Where? When?"},{"psg_id":"6038036","text":"at number two in the United Kingdom and Germany and hit number one in 13 other countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Zimbabwe. Debuting at number 87 on 28 August 1993, the song reached number 11 on the Hot 100 in the United States. The song also peaked at number 12 in Australia. By March 1994, worldwide sales of \"What Is Love\" had already reached 2.6 million. When asked about the meaning of \"What Is Love\" in a 2015 interview, Haddaway said: \"Billboard\" wrote about the song: \"Glorious pop/house ditty recently topped","title":"What Is Love"},{"psg_id":"5758762","text":"the metallic floor accentuate the chilly atmosphere. O'Donnell said in interview: \"[T]here is no set in the original play, but I argued that the whole play is about power and the abuse of power, and how information is power, so we used the library as a metaphor for somebody who has control of all the power and all the information. When it came to casting, I was looking for a particular type of actor – somebody who could bring a sort of menacing quality to the screen. There is a lot of menace in the play. \"What Where\" is about","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758763","text":"a brooding, palpable evil, which is a theme that occurs in Beckett's other work.\" Presented thus is it easy to see \"What Where\" as Beckett’s \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\". At the end of \"Catastrophe\" there is a flicker of hope. Not so here. Just as Winston Smith is beaten into submission so are these characters. O’Donnell brings \"the scene closer to realism and create[s] a dark, sinister atmosphere by homing in on the faces of the two actors … As he said, ‘Filming allows you to show a close-up of a terrified man, bringing a different edge to the work.’\" Before switching","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"8355194","text":"Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X Where The Hell Are We And What Day Is It... This Is Static-X is a rockumentary DVD that was set to be released in 2001 by industrial metal band Static-X. It features behind-the-scenes and live footage, along with all of Static-X's music videos (at the time) and an audio-only concert. Due to the live footage being recorded at \"Ozzfest\", Sharon Osbourne threatened to sue the band if the DVD was released. Therefore, it was prevented from ever hitting store shelves. It is very hard to find and","title":"Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X"},{"psg_id":"8355195","text":"roughly only 500 copies are in existence. Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X Where The Hell Are We And What Day Is It... This Is Static-X is a rockumentary DVD that was set to be released in 2001 by industrial metal band Static-X. It features behind-the-scenes and live footage, along with all of Static-X's music videos (at the time) and an audio-only concert. Due to the live footage being recorded at \"Ozzfest\", Sharon Osbourne threatened to sue the band if the DVD was released. Therefore, it was prevented from ever hitting store shelves.","title":"Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X"},{"psg_id":"4509527","text":"Mid-Continent oil province The Mid-continent oil field is a broad area containing hundreds of oil fields in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. The area, which consists of various geological strata and diverse trap types, was discovered and exploited during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the crude oil found in the onshore mid-continent oil field is considered to be of the mixed base or intermediate type (a mix of paraffin base and asphalt base crude oil types). The first commercially successful oil well drilled in what was to be called the Mid-continent Oil Field","title":"Mid-Continent oil province"},{"psg_id":"5758760","text":"Modern Word website describes it \"like a living, concave mask. His voice is sepulchral and chilling, yet conveys a sad, lonely quality as well. Bam, Bom, Bim, and Bem appear as detached faces along the bottom of the screen, floating in the black void and illuminated in stark white contrast. The dialogue is delivered in brisk, metallic monotones, emphasizing the sameness of the characters and the repetitiveness of the seasonal interrogations.\" Damien O’Donnell directed a filmed version of \"What Where\" for the \"Beckett on Film\" project in December 1999. It was filmed at Ardmore Studios in County Wicklow, Ireland. Bam","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758753","text":"Bam is not satisfied and a phrase is improved to add to the force of the theme. [The play can therefore be compared with \"Krapp’s Last Tape\" but it also] shares many similarities with \"Ohio Impromptu\", the identical characters in appearance and dress, the unwinding backwards of events and the stylization of image and movement in particular.\" With Krapp his memories have a certain degree of reliability. Not so with Bam. \"[T]he figures in \"What Where\" emerge from beyond the grave, ghosts of memories that never really were.\" They are given form \"as if they existed\". \"In this version the","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758746","text":"a continual state of flux, often finding it hard to relate to earlier versions of their own selves (e.g. Krapp: Just been listening to that stupid bastard I took myself for thirty years ago, hard to believe I was ever as bad as that.). With each passing day \"we are other\", Beckett notes in his monograph, \"no longer what we were before the calamity of yesterday.\" Bam is not wallowing in nostalgia though (like the women in \"Come and Go\"), rather he is trying to remember something – an \"it\", a \"when\", a \"where\" – that insists on remaining just","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758742","text":"Beckett's choice in naming his characters, even if Joyce's work was not his only source of inspiration. As with many of Beckett’s later works for the stage and television, one definitive interpretation of \"What Where\" has proven elusive. A clear totalitarian edge exists which is why many opt for a political reading but, as with \"Catastrophe\" before it, there is more going on here. It can also be interpreted as a portrait of a single consciousness engaged in a self-reflective act. When the Voice of Bam wants the action to restart, rather than instruct the two player to \"Start again,\"","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"5758757","text":"equivalent. While Beckett was convinced it could not be done, Chabert proposed to accomplish the appearance/disappearance of the characters with lighting. Beckett agreed to go along with it.\" The six performances took place at the Théâtre du Rond-Point in Paris and featured David Warrilow as Bam. The revised text (known as \"What Where II\") did away with the opening mime, Bam’s interventions and the characters were again represented only as floating heads. \"\"Je recommence\"\" (I start again) was amended to \"\"Ici Bam\"\" (Here is Bam). \"Because of technical difficulties, the French stage production replaced the enlarged and distorted reflection of","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"2670928","text":"of which some have become amalgamated with ... Africa, some ... with what is now Asia; and that in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands we have existing relics of this great continent, for which ... I should propose the name Lemuria! Sclater's theory was hardly unusual for his time; \"land bridges\", real and imagined, fascinated several of Sclater's contemporaries. Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, also looking at the relationship between animals in India and Madagascar, had suggested a southern continent about two decades before Sclater, but did not give it a name. The acceptance of Darwinism led scientists to seek to trace","title":"Lemuria (continent)"},{"psg_id":"11248076","text":"some of the tracks (\"Beauty\" and \"Chest of Drawers\") are conversations with Brian Eno. All songs written by Daniel Lanois unless otherwise noted. \"Where Will I Be\" is a new version of a song which had been previously released on Emmylou Harris' album \"Wrecking Ball\" in 1995. \"Lovechild\" and \"Sacred And Secular\" tracks incorporates, respectively, the pedal steel guitar melody used in \"Carla\", on Belladonna album, and the pedal steel guitar melody used in \"Transmitter\", on Shine album. Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It","title":"Here Is What Is"},{"psg_id":"10251699","text":"Cimmeria (continent) Cimmeria was an ancient continent, or, rather, a string of microcontinents or terranes, that rifted from Gondwana in the Southern Hemisphere and was accreted to Eurasia in the Northern Hemisphere. It consisted of parts of what is today Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Tibet, Shan–Thai, and Malay Peninsula. Cimmeria rifted from the Gondwanan shores of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Carboniferous-earliest Permian and as the Neo-Tethys Ocean opened behind it, during the Permian, the Paleo-Tethys closed in front of it. Cimmeria rifted off Gondwana from east to west, from Australia to the eastern Mediterranean. It stretched across several latitudes and","title":"Cimmeria (continent)"},{"psg_id":"2555147","text":"Mu (lost continent) Mu is the name of a suggested lost continent whose concept and name were proposed by 19th-century traveler and writer Augustus Le Plongeon, who claimed that several ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesoamerica, were created by refugees from Mu — which he stated was located in the Atlantic Ocean. This concept was popularized and expanded by James Churchward, who asserted that Mu was once located in the Pacific. The existence of Mu was already being disputed in Le Plongeon's time. Currently scientists dismiss the concept of Mu (and other alleged lost continents such as","title":"Mu (lost continent)"},{"psg_id":"20212807","text":"that lies at Continent's core and defines it as the sure-footed, elegantly stated electro-pop record it most certainly is.\" Benjamin Boles of \"Now\" magazine praised Silver's \"futuristic reimaginings of vintage sounds and [his] strong sense of good old-fashioned melody.\" Ritter called \"Continent\" \"dense, detailed electronic music that is ever more evocative as the minutes, tracks, and repeated listens accumulate.\" He wrote in his review for \"Coke Machine Glow\", \"What separates CFCF's accomplished debut from other leisurely, ambient-ish electronic records is his dead-on pop sensibilities and the inexhaustible depth of his craft. Where others fall into the musical-wallpaper trap or are","title":"Continent (CFCF album)"},{"psg_id":"10251709","text":"the Bitlis-Zagros ocean (the southern branch of the Neo-Tethys). During Early Jurassic Cimmeria began to disintegrate behind the Paleo-Tethyan volcanic arc. This opened the northern branch in the Neo-Tethys — the Intra-Pontide, Izmh-Ankara, and the Inner Tauride oceans. The closure of the Paleo-Tethys in the Middle Jurassic reduced the Cimmerian archipelago in Anatolia. South of the Cimmerian blocks there were now two branches of the Neo-Tethys, a northern, larger and more complex, and a southern, more reduced; the Anatolide-Tauride continent separated them, the small Sakarya continent was located within the northern branch. The Apulian continent was connected to the Anatolide-Tauride","title":"Cimmeria (continent)"},{"psg_id":"5585102","text":"Economic history of Spain This article covers the development of Spain's economy over the course of its history. Iberians, roughly located in the South and East, and Celts in the North and West of the Iberian Peninsula were the major earliest groups in what is now Spain (a third, so-called Celtiberian culture seems to have developed in the inner part of the Peninsula, where both groups were in contact). Carthaginians and Greeks also traded with Spain and established their own colonies on the coast. Spain's mineral wealth and access to metals made it an important source of raw material during","title":"Economic history of Spain"},{"psg_id":"5758733","text":"and he would also be subjected to the same grilling until he confessed. Bim appears and asks what information he needs to extract from Bom. Bam maintains he only wants to know: \"That he said \"it\" to him.\" Bim wants to make sure that is all he needs to obtain and then he can stop. Bam tells him, \"Yes.\" Bam's voice repeats \"not good, I start again\". Bim then asks what is he to confess. Bam tells him that he needs to confess that he said \"it\" to him. Bim asks if that is all and Bam says \"and what\".","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"6127385","text":"Mid-Continent Railway Museum The Mid-Continent Railway Museum is a railroad museum in North Freedom, Wisconsin, United States. The museum consists of static displays as well as a 7-mile round trip ride aboard preserved railroad cars. Mid-Continent Railway Museum's collection emphasizes the preservation of railroad items operated in the upper Midwest from the period of 1880-1916, what the organization refers to as the \"Golden Age of Railroading\". During that time, railroads saw an unprecedented rate of expansion, growing in size in the United States from 93,000 to 254,037 miles of track. Three steam locomotives are currently under restoration to federal guidelines.","title":"Mid-Continent Railway Museum"},{"psg_id":"6127372","text":"Mid-Continent Railway Museum The Mid-Continent Railway Museum is a railroad museum in North Freedom, Wisconsin, United States. The museum consists of static displays as well as a 7-mile round trip ride aboard preserved railroad cars. Mid-Continent Railway Museum's collection emphasizes the preservation of railroad items operated in the upper Midwest from the period of 1880-1916, what the organization refers to as the \"Golden Age of Railroading\". During that time, railroads saw an unprecedented rate of expansion, growing in size in the United States from 93,000 to 254,037 miles of track. Three steam locomotives are currently under restoration to federal guidelines.","title":"Mid-Continent Railway Museum"},{"psg_id":"13775751","text":"Where Is Brooklyn? Where Is Brooklyn? is an album by Don Cherry featuring Henry Grimes, Ed Blackwell, and Pharoah Sanders recorded in 1966 and released on the Blue Note label. The Allmusic review by Steve Huey states: \"\"Where Is Brooklyn?\" is much more about energy and thoughtful group interaction than memorable themes, and so there's just a little something missing in comparison to Cherry's prior albums, even though they did also emphasize the qualities on display here. Nonetheless, it's still a fine record for what it does concentrate on; Sanders is in typically passionate form, and the rest of the","title":"Where Is Brooklyn?"},{"psg_id":"5758739","text":"before finally bowing out in \"What Where\". \"Beckett adored Franz Schubert’s song cycle, \"Winterreise\" (Winter Journey) … [and ] used to listen spellbound to Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau’s stunning recording of the songs … He also knew about his connections with the town of Graz [Schubert had stayed there for a time] … In the Schubert \"Lieder\", the traveller in the opening poem, \"Gute Nacht\" (Good Night) has lost his love and journeys disconsolately from May into snowy winter … [This] provided Beckett with the formal structure of his play, moving from spring to winter … suggesting death.\" In his notes for","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"14706014","text":"is mainly expressed by the modern movement and the colors of the walls used by Luis Barragán and Ricardo Legorreta, Mexican architects have built several buildings with a clear stylistic formality. Sheraton Bilbao and Housing Parque Europa in Madrid hotel are constructions with shapes and styles of contemporary Mexican architecture. Spain is the third country where Mexicans immigrate to. It is noteworthy that there is no relationship with the Mexican immigration to the United States or to Canada. Mexicans who immigrate to Spain or the rest of the European continent are primarily middle or high class, they don't engage in","title":"Mexican immigration to Spain"},{"psg_id":"7616967","text":"style that was popular before the advent of Art Deco. Mid-Continent Tower The Mid-Continent Tower is a 36-story skyscraper located at 401 South Boston Avenue in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma. At 156 meters (513 ft) in height, it is the fourth-tallest building in Tulsa and fifth-tallest in Oklahoma. Faced with bright white terra cotta and crowned with a distinctive copper roof, it is one of the city's most recognizable buildings. The design is unique because the first 16-story structure was built in 1918. The top 20 stories comprise a separate structure, cantilevered over the first 66 years later. The architects of","title":"Mid-Continent Tower"},{"psg_id":"7616963","text":"Mid-Continent Tower The Mid-Continent Tower is a 36-story skyscraper located at 401 South Boston Avenue in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma. At 156 meters (513 ft) in height, it is the fourth-tallest building in Tulsa and fifth-tallest in Oklahoma. Faced with bright white terra cotta and crowned with a distinctive copper roof, it is one of the city's most recognizable buildings. The design is unique because the first 16-story structure was built in 1918. The top 20 stories comprise a separate structure, cantilevered over the first 66 years later. The architects of the addition matched the design of the original structure so","title":"Mid-Continent Tower"},{"psg_id":"13684373","text":"were unaware of Danny!'s contribution to a song. While it is uncertain which of these original songs were authorized and by what means they were acquired, it is believed that Danny! managed to compose an entire record of unwitting guest appearances according to a 2012 interview with Complex. After being completed in 2012, the original version of \"Payback\" was shelved in lieu of a partnership with Okayplayer Records, who released a modified version of the album later that year. Where Is Danny? Where Is Danny? is the sixth studio album by American rapper and producer Danny!. It follow the rapper's","title":"Where Is Danny?"},{"psg_id":"15509495","text":"the internet on April 20, 2013. According to Jessica Sager of PopCrush, it picks up where the original song left off. Sager wrote that the song \"likely isn't about [Marc] Anthony — but for those new to the song, it's surely easy to interpret it as such. Lopez gets pretty revealing in the new song, addressing a divorce directly and explicitly\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Love?\". (What Is) Love? \"(What Is) Love?\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. Originally entitled \"What Is Love?\", the song appeared on the soundtrack to \"The Back-up Plan\" (2010),","title":"(What Is) Love?"},{"psg_id":"7910051","text":"Bismarck south to Tulsa. It had 6 million revenue passenger miles that year; Braniff had 36 million and industry leader American had 312 million. After World War II Mid-Continent expanded to Shreveport, Louisiana, New Orleans and Houston; in October 1951 it flew to 34 airports. Northwest Airlines and American Airlines proposed mergers with the airline in the 1940s; neither was approved. Kansas City, Missouri moved to build a new airport away from the river for Mid-Continent and TWA, whose main overhaul base was located in a former B-25 bomber factory at Fairfax. The new airport was to be called Mid-Continent","title":"Mid-Continent Airlines"},{"psg_id":"19322950","text":"10. Similarly in Spain, the album peaked at number 42, lasting a total of two weeks on the chart. Stefani's 2006 release, \"The Sweet Escape\", did not chart. On Belgium's Ultratop Wallonia chart, it became her highest peaking album, where it debuted at number 21 and charted for four consecutive weeks. On Belgium's Flanders chart, it peaked at number 32 and lasted six consecutive weeks. In Scotland and Ireland, the album debuted at numbers 13 and 17 respectively. Elsewhere, \"This Is What the Truth Feels Like\" peaked in the lower regions of the charts. In Italy, the album peaked at","title":"This Is What the Truth Feels Like"},{"psg_id":"12539135","text":"the \"continents\" (or mainlands) of Isle of Man, Ireland and Wales and in 1745 to Sumatra. The word \"continent\" was used in translating Greek and Latin writings about the three \"parts\" of the world, although in the original languages no word of exactly the same meaning as \"continent\" was used. While \"continent\" was used on the one hand for relatively small areas of continuous land, on the other hand geographers again raised Herodotus's query about why a single large landmass should be divided into separate continents. In the mid-17th century, Peter Heylin wrote in his \"Cosmographie\" that \"A Continent is","title":"Continent"},{"psg_id":"13684372","text":"was during this time he began excessively prank-calling fellow celebrities and going through a self-proclaimed \"social media meltdown\", alienating acts such as Childish Gambino and Busta Rhymes. Shortly after \"Where Is Danny?\"'s re-release, Danny! began to compose what began as a vindictive satirical project to expose how much more interested in high-profile collaborations than music of substance that the industry was at the time. Danny! would spend the remainder of 2011 assembling a catalog of tracks originally intended for the Interscope digital download version of what would become \"Payback\"; most, though not all, of these tracks featured A-list artists that","title":"Where Is Danny?"},{"psg_id":"7728588","text":"All\", \"Mystical One\" and \"Pisces Fish\". Joshua Greene, another religious academic, identifies the song as part of its parent album's \"intimately detailed account of a spiritual journey\": where \"Awaiting on You All\" shows Harrison \"convinced of his union with God\", \"What Is Life\" reveals him to be \"uncertain that he deserved such divine favor\". The song's second verse repeats what Inglis refers to as the \"somewhat confusing promise\" from Harrison (in lines 3 and 4) should his love be \"rejected\": Musically, Simon Leng describes \"What Is Life\" as \"Motown-spiced\" and a comparatively rare example of its composer's willingness to embrace","title":"What Is Life"},{"psg_id":"18073127","text":"in Zhoushan, and Dongji Island. One of the leads, William Feng, was injured when the filming process was nearly finished. The film premiered in mainland China on July 24, 2014. The movie follows three young men, without much life experience, who live on an island located in the East China Sea. The three hatch a plan to journey across the Chinese mainland, and along the way, documents their experiences before finally ending their journey that will decide their destinies. The Continent (film) The Continent () is a 2014 Chinese road-trip comedy film written directed by Han Han. The film was","title":"The Continent (film)"},{"psg_id":"9771748","text":"where in 1989 it was used in a campaign for the New South Wales Rugby League. They later used the Tina Turner song \"The Best\" in another campaign. The song has been covered many times including by Canadian country music group Straight Clean & Simple and a single for the band taken from their 1992 album \"Iron Lady\". It was also covered by Scottish / Irish country artist Lisa McHugh. Her cover appears in her 2014 album \"A Life That's Good\". What You Get Is What You See \"What You Get Is What You See\" is a song by recording","title":"What You Get Is What You See"},{"psg_id":"15337134","text":"no problem appealing to the 95% of people that haven't heard (and still remember) the Pixies' \"Where Is My Mind?\" and have never experienced a truly exciting live show, and if that's what the band is aiming for, then they are a complete success.\" Where Is My Mind? \"Where Is My Mind?\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies. Although the song was never released as a single, it is one of the band's signature songs. It has been awarded Silver Certification by the BPI for UK singles. \"Where Is My Mind?\" is the seventh track on","title":"Where Is My Mind?"},{"psg_id":"12774094","text":"of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent, Zealandia and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven-continent model. Papua New Guinea, a country within the continent, is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse countries in the world. It is also one of the most rural, as only 18 percent of its people live","title":"Australia (continent)"},{"psg_id":"6126841","text":"or Edwin Newman at 12:55 p.m. (before a 30-minute affiliate break), \"The Who, What, or Where Game\" only ran 25 minutes each day, instead of the customary 30. Similar to \"Jeopardy!\", which preceded it at 12 Noon/11 a.m. Central, \"The Who, What, or Where Game\" proved to be an effective stablemate to its lead-in. \"The Who, What, or Where Game\" succeeded a short-lived show called \"Name Droppers\", hosted by Los Angeles-area disc jockeys Al Lohman and Roger Barkley; it was succeeded in turn by \"Jackpot.\" Coincidentally, \"The Who, What, or Where Game\" announcer Darrow would later host a Canadian-produced revival","title":"The Who, What, or Where Game"},{"psg_id":"8966218","text":"songs by John Lydon, Keith Levene, and Martin Atkins except * by John Lydon and Martin Atkins Five songs on \"This Is What You Want...This Is What You Get\" are re-recordings of tracks which originally appeared on \"Commercial Zone\": \"Bad Life\" (originally titled \"Mad Max\"), \"This Is Not a Love Song\" (originally titled \"Love Song\"), \"Solitaire\" (entitled \"Young Brits\" on the second pressing of \"Commercial Zone\"), \"The Order of Death\" (originally titled \"The Slab\"), and \"Where Are You?\" (originally titled \"Lou Reed Part 2\"). Four songs from \"Commercial Zone\", \"Bad Night\", \"Lou Reed Part 1\", \"Blue Water\" and \"Miller Hi-Life\",","title":"This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get"},{"psg_id":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"psg_id":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"psg_id":"20212808","text":"too easily slotted into one ambience-by-numbers or another, CFCF shapes his tracks to build seamlessly toward climaxes that are just so, and no more, before pulling everything back a little.\" A reviewer for \"Prefix\" magazine analogized \"Continent\" as \"driving in a foreign sports car along a coastal road to your mistress' Italian villa.\" He praised the LP's \"uniformity\" but also wrote that it was a slightly negative aspect of the record and what prevented it from being \"great:\" \"CFCF teases his work's build-up for too long. \"Continent\" never takes us to that villa, or at least lets us fool around","title":"Continent (CFCF album)"},{"psg_id":"6126843","text":"for \"The Who, What, or Where Game\" was written by George David Weiss. According to an audio clip from a 1973 episode, at least the closing theme had been changed before the end of program's run, but no further information has materialized. Milton Bradley produced two home editions of \"The Who, What, or Where Game\". The home game format was almost identical to that of the show, fairly unusual for board game of television shows of that era. In 1973, a short-lived British version aired on BBC1 hosted by David Jacobs. The Who, What, or Where Game The Who, What,","title":"The Who, What, or Where Game"},{"psg_id":"11893667","text":"release, the song re-entered the official UK singles charts at 40, eventually peaking at 35. The music video for \"Where Is the Love?\" was shot in East Los Angeles and features The Black Eyed Peas and various other people, including various young children, asking the world where the love really is. In the video, will.i.am and Taboo act as a soul music road duo who use music to tell people what is wrong with the world, Fergie appears as a peacemaker who places stickers with question marks on them all over the place to ask people where the love is","title":"Where Is the Love?"},{"psg_id":"16013478","text":"when he finished strongly to take the lead close home and win a minor handicap race by half a length. Six weeks and four races later he won for the second time that year when he stayed on well to take a handicap at Goodwood. After five more races Continent was retired after running unplaced at York in June 2008. At the 2002 Cartier Racing Awards, Continent was named European Champion Sprinter. In the official International Classification for 2002, Continent was rated at 117, making him the third best European sprinter, behind Kyllachy and Invincible Spirit. Continent (horse) Continent is","title":"Continent (horse)"},{"psg_id":"9561424","text":"Hinduism in Spain Hinduism is a minority religion in Spain. The Indian community as a percentage of a population of 40 million is again only 0.04% at perhaps 30,000. Most Indians originally travelled to Spain from Africa, while others came from India and even Japan and Southeast Asia. Sindhi traders and shopkeepers thrived in the freeports of the Spanish Canary Islands of Gran Canaria and Tenerife following the imposition of import and foreign exchange restrictions in Spain after World War-II. They conducted a brisk trade with the North African continent from Las Palmas. When Ceuta and Melilla, were also declared","title":"Hinduism in Spain"},{"psg_id":"2555158","text":"ocean floor where the crust is a few kilometers thick, while the continents are huge solid blocks tens of kilometers thick. Since continents float on the sima much like icebergs float on water, a continent cannot simply \"sink\" under the ocean. It is true that continental drift and seafloor spreading can change the shape and position of continents and occasionally break a continent into two or more pieces (as happened to Pangaea). However, these are very slow processes that occur in geological time scales (hundreds of millions of years). Over the scale of history (tens of thousands of years), the","title":"Mu (lost continent)"},{"psg_id":"6114686","text":"as \"Pal's worst film\", saying that it had \"poor effects\" and that it was: \"Occasionally funny – but not on purpose\". Author David Wingrove also had similar criticisms in his \"Science Fiction Film Source Book\": \"No expense was spared in buying up footage from \"Quo Vadis\" to give it true period flavour. Avoid\". At a preview screening for the film, questionnaires were handed out to the audience asking what scene was their favorite. One person, apparently recognizing the footage taken from \"Quo Vadis\", wrote, \"The scene where Robert Taylor saved Deborah Kerr from the fire\". Atlantis, the Lost Continent Atlantis,","title":"Atlantis, the Lost Continent"},{"psg_id":"20212802","text":"in its very spot.\" \"Continent\" features a cover of Fleetwood Mac's \"Big Love,\" which increases the pace of the original source material and includes what \"Ritter\" described as a \"rare lead vocal\" that's very low in volume in comparison with the other instruments in the mix. The post-disco track \"Invitation to Love\" is named after the show within a show from the David Lynch television series \"Twin Peaks\". It features a sample of the song \"Pillow Talk\" by producer Quiet Village. It includes what Finlayson described as a \"dulled buzz\" synthesizer, a 1980s-style guitar solo, and handclaps. Finlayson jokingly wrote","title":"Continent (CFCF album)"},{"psg_id":"12539117","text":"cases, there is no complete separation of these landmasses by water (disregarding the Suez Canal and Panama Canal, which are both narrow and shallow, as well as being artificial). Both these isthmuses are very narrow compared to the bulk of the landmasses they unite. North America and South America are treated as separate continents in the seven-continent model. However, they may also be viewed as a single continent known as America or the Americas. This viewpoint was common in the United States until World War II, and remains prevalent in some Asian six-continent models. This remains the more common vision","title":"Continent"},{"psg_id":"6126842","text":"of \"Jackpot\" that aired between 1985 and 1988 on the USA Network. After unsuccessfully attempting to revive the series in 1988 with a failed pilot called \"The New Who, What or Where Game\", Ron Greenberg later reformatted the show as \"The Challengers\", hosted by Dick Clark. \"The Challengers\" incorporated elements from \"The Who, What, or Where Game\" alongside a mix of topical questions in categories dealing with current events. Jonathan Lethem's 2013 novel \"Dissident Gardens\" has as part of its plot a character who appears on this show, which is mentioned by name, as is host Art James. The music","title":"The Who, What, or Where Game"},{"psg_id":"2810334","text":"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: \"P. Gauguin / 1897\". The painting was created in Tahiti, and is in the Museum of","title":"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?"},{"psg_id":"12539138","text":"as \"New Holland, an immense island, which some geographers dignify with the appellation of another continent\" and the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" was just as equivocal some decades later. Antarctica was sighted in 1820 during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition and described as a continent by Charles Wilkes on the United States Exploring Expedition in 1838, the last continent identified, although a great \"Antarctic\" (antipodean) landmass had been anticipated for millennia. An 1849 atlas labelled Antarctica as a continent but few atlases did so until after World War II. From the mid-19th century, atlases published in the United States more commonly","title":"Continent"},{"psg_id":"7296218","text":"Mid-Continent University Mid-Continent University was a four-year, liberal arts Christian institution located near Mayfield, Kentucky, United States. It had been experiencing financial troubles and was placed on \"warning status\" by its regional accreditor the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in late 2013. On April 15, 2014, university officials reported that Interim President Ken Winters stepped down for family reasons April 12, and that former President Robert Imhoff and his wife Jackie Imhoff, the vice president of adult services, who had stepped down from their positions in February but were still receiving a salary, were fired. Robert \"Tom\" Walden was","title":"Mid-Continent University"},{"psg_id":"5321393","text":"of change. If you are allergic to these processes, you abandon history and take cover in the social sciences. Today anthropology, sociology, etc, flourish. History is sick. But then our society too is sick\". Carr deplored the rise of Structuralism. Carr wrote there was the structuralist approach, which Carr called a \"horizontal\" way of understanding history \"which analyses a society in terms of the functional or structural inter-relation of its parts\". Against it, there was what Carr called the \"vertical\" approach \"which analyses it [society] in terms of where it has come from and where it is going\". Through Carr","title":"What Is History?"},{"psg_id":"742308","text":"and Caroline Islands. At its greatest extent, the Spanish crown claimed on the mainland of the Americas much of North America south of Canada, that is: all of present-day Mexico and Central America except Panama; most of present-day United States west of the Mississippi River, plus the Floridas. To the west of the continent, New Spain also included the Spanish East Indies (the Philippine Islands, the Mariana Islands, the Caroline Islands, parts of Taiwan, and parts of the Moluccas). To the east of the continent, it included the Spanish West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola (comprising the modern states of Haiti and","title":"New Spain"},{"psg_id":"7296223","text":"National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA); primarily competing in the NAIA's American Midwest Conference (AMC), the Cougars also competed as a member of the Division I Mid-East Region of the NCCAA. Men's sports included baseball, basketball, cheerleading and soccer; while women's sports included basketball, cheerleading, softball and volleyball. Mid-Continent University Mid-Continent University was a four-year, liberal arts Christian institution located near Mayfield, Kentucky, United States. It had been experiencing financial troubles and was placed on \"warning status\" by its regional accreditor the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in late 2013. On April 15, 2014, university officials reported that Interim","title":"Mid-Continent University"},{"psg_id":"11248075","text":"Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It was first released in December 2007 as a high-quality download, and later released on CD on March 18, 2008. The album is the result of the same project that led to the 2007 documentary \"Here Is What Is\" that premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival in September. The movie documents the aesthetics and creative process behind Lanois' approach to music making and recording. The album has been presented as a direct soundtrack to this film, and","title":"Here Is What Is"},{"psg_id":"2810341","text":"Boston, acquired it from the Marie Harriman Gallery on 16 April 1936. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: \"P. Gauguin / 1897\".","title":"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?"},{"psg_id":"5758745","text":"The inability to remember, to get at the truth, is a focal point in much of his work. Beckett’s characters (e.g. May in \"Footfalls\", Mouth in \"Not I\") seem doomed to repeat themselves, as much as the accidents or miracles of analogy allow them some momentary insight into their situations. For Beckett, memory is second-hand knowledge. You were not there. Another \"you\" was. Can you trust what he says he saw and heard? This would not be the first time Beckett has fragmented an individual for dramatic effect (e.g. \"That Time\" or \"Ohio Impromptu\"). Beckett believes people to be in","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"12774097","text":"meanings: travel writer Paul Theroux included New Zealand in his definition and others have used it for Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii. Another biologist, Richard Dawkins, coined the name \"Australinea\" in 2004. \"Australia-New Guinea\" has also been used. With a total land area of , the Australian continent is the smallest, and second-lowest human inhabited (after Antarctica) continent on Earth. The continental shelf connecting the islands, half of which is less than deep, covers some , including the Sahul Shelf and Bass Strait. As the country of Australia is mostly on a single landmass, and comprises most of the continent,","title":"Australia (continent)"},{"psg_id":"6114682","text":"the weapon. As lightning flashes and thunder roars, the entire continent is sinking just before it begins to rise up quickly. Just as quickly the sea bottom collapses, and Atlantis plunges beneath the waves. The large crystal atop the capital's large pyramid, the main power source for the entire continent, short-circuits, and a massive explosion follows. The skies suddenly clear. Various groups of survivors, including Demetrios and Antillia, flee to Greece and other parts of the world, where they are absorbed into other cultures, and the Legend of Lost Atlantis is spread through the many peoples and nations that follow","title":"Atlantis, the Lost Continent"},{"psg_id":"7110658","text":"based on \"The Weathering Continent\" have also been issued: \"Mutsumi Inomata Paintings Collection The Weathering Continent: Un Ballo en Maschera\", \"Dragon Magazine Collection The Weathering Continent The Approach of Atlantis\", and \"Fujimi Fantasia Comics: The Weathering Continent\". Brian Hanson of the Anime News Network had high expectations for the anime, but was ultimately bored by it. He summarized the film as \"a group of mopey kids on a dying mid-Atlantic continent from long, long ago comment on their bleak lives and their bleak world and how bleak everything is\". Raphael See of THEM Anime Reviews made similar comments, calling the","title":"The Weathering Continent"},{"psg_id":"12774098","text":"it is sometimes informally referred to as an island continent, surrounded by oceans. Geological forces such as tectonic uplift of mountain ranges or clashes between tectonic plates occurred mainly in Australia's early history, when it was still a part of Gondwana. Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, and therefore currently has no active volcanism. The continent primarily sits on the Indo-Australian Plate. Because of its central location on its tectonic plate Australia doesn't have any active volcanic regions, the only continent with this distinction. The lands were joined with Antarctica as part of the southern supercontinent","title":"Australia (continent)"},{"psg_id":"11861485","text":"to model the thermal effects of break-up in basin modelling Continent-ocean boundary The continent-ocean boundary (COB) or continent-ocean transition is the boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust on a passive margin. The identification of continent-ocean boundaries is important in the definition of plate boundaries at the time of break-up when trying to reconstruct the geometry and position of ancient continents e.g. in the reconstruction of Pangaea. As hydrocarbon exploration moves further offshore to look for the remaining potential on passive margins, understanding the location of the COB is critical to predicting possible hydrocarbon occurrence. This is both from the","title":"Continent-ocean boundary"},{"psg_id":"11861484","text":"Continent-ocean boundary The continent-ocean boundary (COB) or continent-ocean transition is the boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust on a passive margin. The identification of continent-ocean boundaries is important in the definition of plate boundaries at the time of break-up when trying to reconstruct the geometry and position of ancient continents e.g. in the reconstruction of Pangaea. As hydrocarbon exploration moves further offshore to look for the remaining potential on passive margins, understanding the location of the COB is critical to predicting possible hydrocarbon occurrence. This is both from the likely location of source and reservoir rocks and the need","title":"Continent-ocean boundary"},{"psg_id":"18220968","text":"score of 100% rating based on 5 critics. From What Is Before From What Is Before () is a 2014 Filipino drama film directed by Lav Diaz. The film follows a remote town in the Philippines during the 1970s under the Marcos dictatorship. The film had its world premiere in the Philippines on 3 July 2014, and competed at the 2014 Locarno International Film Festival where it won the main prize, the Golden Leopard. The film also had its North American premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, under the Wavelengths section. In addition, the film had its Philippine","title":"From What Is Before"},{"psg_id":"18220966","text":"From What Is Before From What Is Before () is a 2014 Filipino drama film directed by Lav Diaz. The film follows a remote town in the Philippines during the 1970s under the Marcos dictatorship. The film had its world premiere in the Philippines on 3 July 2014, and competed at the 2014 Locarno International Film Festival where it won the main prize, the Golden Leopard. The film also had its North American premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, under the Wavelengths section. In addition, the film had its Philippine screening for free at 21 September 2014. The","title":"From What Is Before"},{"psg_id":"5758735","text":"asked to. In the end Bem appears and is told to find out \"where\" from Bim. Bem and Bim both exit like before. We are again informed that time has passed. It is now autumn and Bem returns to report he has been unable to extract \"where\" from Bim. The voice no longer needs to hear the complete interchange and jumps to Bam accusing Bim of lying and threatening him with \"the works\". Since there is no one left to carry out his orders Bam escorts Bem away himself. The voice tells us that winter has now arrived. Bam appears","title":"What Where"},{"psg_id":"2670932","text":"it was the cradle of civilization. Since the 1880s, the hypothesis of Lemuria has inspired many novels, television shows, films, and music. Lemuria (continent) Lemuria or Limuria is a hypothetical \"lost land\" located either in the Indian or the Pacific Ocean, as postulated by a now-discredited 19th-century scientific theory. The idea was then adopted by the occultists of the time and consequently has been incorporated into pop culture. Originally, Lemuria was hypothesized as a land bridge, now sunken, which would account for certain discontinuities in biogeography. This idea has been rendered obsolete by modern theories of plate tectonics. Sunken continents","title":"Lemuria (continent)"},{"psg_id":"2670925","text":"Lemuria (continent) Lemuria or Limuria is a hypothetical \"lost land\" located either in the Indian or the Pacific Ocean, as postulated by a now-discredited 19th-century scientific theory. The idea was then adopted by the occultists of the time and consequently has been incorporated into pop culture. Originally, Lemuria was hypothesized as a land bridge, now sunken, which would account for certain discontinuities in biogeography. This idea has been rendered obsolete by modern theories of plate tectonics. Sunken continents such as Zealandia in the Pacific, Mauritia and the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean do exist, but no geological formation under","title":"Lemuria (continent)"},{"psg_id":"20212796","text":"Continent (CFCF album) Continent is the debut studio album by Canadian electronic musician Michael Silver, known by his stage name as CFCF. It was released on October 27, 2009 by the label Paper Bag Records. \"Continent\" is a downtempo dance album that was described by one reviewer as \"dance music that doesn't want you to dance.\" It includes elements from a variety of styles such as IDM, balearic, synthpop, rave, and disco. \"Continent\" features a cover of the song \"Big Love\" by Fleetwood Mac. The LP garnered very favorable reviews from professional music reviewers, praises going towards its compositions, arrangements","title":"Continent (CFCF album)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758747\",\n \"text\": \"out of reach. Those \\\"familiar with his preoccupation, themes, images, figures of speech … may assume that the 'what where' question is a kind of Oedipus' riddle and that the answer to it cannot be found, despite an obligation to ask the question.\\\" Rather than simply \\\"What?\\\" and \\\"Where?\\\" the full questions could easily be: \\\"What is the meaning of life?\\\" and \\\"Where does it all come from?\\\" If Bam is trying to ascertain the details surrounding a particular crime, the question has to be asked: what crime? James Knowlson believes \\\"that crime appears likely to be Calderón’s ‘original sin\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758752\",\n \"text\": \"are represented by the patterns of dots on the television screen. What characters, what bodies, finally exist in \\\"What Where\\\" are created by voice, less absent presences than present absences.\\\" Beckett referred to the lit playing area in this production as the \\\"field of memory\\\". \\\"The clear indication is that what we are seeing is both a memory and a scenario: instructions come from the megaphone, the Voice of Bam controls what we see, puts the characters through their movements rapidly without words like a film running over its spools at rewind speed, and then starts again, occasionally stopping when\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758764\",\n \"text\": \"off for the last time Bam’s voice instructs the audience: \\\"Make sense who may\\\" but how do you make sense out of something senseless? And is any adjective used more often to describe violence? Beckett has left it up to the viewer to supply his own meaning. The play has been adapted as a one-act chamber opera by Heinz Holliger, composed in 1988 and first released on a commercial recording in 1997. What Where What Where is Samuel Beckett's last play produced following a request for a new work for the 1983 Autumn Festival in Graz, Austria. It was written\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758751\",\n \"text\": \"screen Beckett more clearly establishes that this is a story about Bam remembering … Torture becomes more explicitly self-inflicted, a function of memory, remorse and the relentless need to tell a story.\\\" \\\"Instead of players in long gray gowns, their own corporeality suspect, the four figures of the revised, television \\\"What Where\\\" now appeared as floating faces dissolving in and out [of the light] … Neither representation of Bam then is corporeal, Beckett representing instead a spectre and its mirror reflection, and the rest of the figures of \\\"What Where\\\" are ghosts as well, all the more so as they\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758730\",\n \"text\": \"What Where What Where is Samuel Beckett's last play produced following a request for a new work for the 1983 Autumn Festival in Graz, Austria. It was written between February and March 1983 initially in French as Quoi où and translated by Beckett himself. The play begins with a voice issuing forth from a dimly lit megaphone: \\\"We are the last five.\\\" Only four characters appear throughout the performance however, \\\"Bam\\\", \\\"Bom\\\", \\\"Bim\\\", and \\\"Bem\\\" (an echo of Rimbaud’s sonnet, \\\"Voyelles\\\") but the voice does not belong to a putative \\\"Bum\\\", rather it is the \\\"Voice of Bam\\\". The men\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758756\",\n \"text\": \"emphasis on eliciting ‘where’ from the victims, even where the victim said ‘where’. Beckett … eliminated that potentially confusing repetition, substituting a balanced ‘He didn’t say what?’ ‘He didn’t say where?’ into each encounter. The emphasis on ‘where’ was decreased, many changed to ‘it’ and each ‘where’ followed by a ‘what’.\\\" \\\"The [German] television play showed three characters who simply appear and disappear instead of shuffling back and forth on stage, which took a long time. Considering the original printed text not successful, following the clearly superior television piece, Beckett sought with [the director Pierre] Chabert to find a stage\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758744\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"What Where\\\": \\\"I don't know what it means. Don't ask me what it means. It's an object.\\\" There is clearly a danger in taking this remark at face value. Beckett undoubtedly had something quite specific in mind as can be seen in the way he moulded his vision over the three productions in America, Germany and France detailed below. One significant remark he did make was that the Voice of Bam could be thought as coming from \\\"beyond the grave\\\". Beckett, in \\\"Proust\\\", calls memory \\\"some miracle of analogy;\\\" he qualifies it in the preceding phrase as \\\"an accident\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20212810\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"signature sound\\\" a listener could identify on his first album: \\\"It's because Silver is confident in his tools, mostly vintage analogue synthesizers or what passes for them digitally nowadays, and he adheres to them with such genuine enthusiasm that it's hard not to be as taken with his methodology as he is.\\\" However, Newmark also dismissed \\\"Continent\\\" for being \\\"so well-planned, so devoid of errancies and so fixated on doing everything right that, truthfully, most of it just bored me to tears.\\\" Derived from the liner notes of \\\"Continent\\\". Adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Continent\\\". Continent (CFCF album)\",\n \"title\": \"Continent (CFCF album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8437513\",\n \"text\": \"What? Where? When? What? Where? When? (, translit. \\\"Chto? Gde? Kogda?\\\") is an intellectual game show well known in Russian-language media and other CIS states since the mid-1970s. Today it is produced for television by TV Igra on the Russian Channel One and also exists as a competitive game played in clubs organized by the World Association of Clubs. Over 21,000 teams worldwide play the sport version of the game, based on the TV show. Throughout the game, a team of 6 experts attempts to answer questions sent in by viewers. For each question, the time limit is 1 minute.\",\n \"title\": \"What? Where? When?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11350782\",\n \"text\": \"moisture and heat high up into the atmosphere which in turn feeds the upper level winds which circle the globe. Maritime Continent Maritime Continent is the name given primarily by meteorologists and oceanographers to the region of Southeast Asia which comprises, amongst other countries, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, it is situated within a warm ocean region known as the Tropical Warm Pool. The maritime continent consists of many islands, peninsulas and shallow seas. The region is significant in meteorology because it is considered the most important energy source region in the\",\n \"title\": \"Maritime Continent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11350780\",\n \"text\": \"Maritime Continent Maritime Continent is the name given primarily by meteorologists and oceanographers to the region of Southeast Asia which comprises, amongst other countries, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, it is situated within a warm ocean region known as the Tropical Warm Pool. The maritime continent consists of many islands, peninsulas and shallow seas. The region is significant in meteorology because it is considered the most important energy source region in the entire global circulation system owing to a number of coincident factors, the most significant being geographic location and topography, both\",\n \"title\": \"Maritime Continent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8437523\",\n \"text\": \"Russia and Azerbaijan. The 2010 championship took place in Israel with sponsorship of Euro-Asian Jewish Congress. These competitions rely on logic rather than knowledge too, but usually require more erudition than the TV versions due to high educational level of gamers. What? Where? When? What? Where? When? (, translit. \\\"Chto? Gde? Kogda?\\\") is an intellectual game show well known in Russian-language media and other CIS states since the mid-1970s. Today it is produced for television by TV Igra on the Russian Channel One and also exists as a competitive game played in clubs organized by the World Association of Clubs.\",\n \"title\": \"What? Where? When?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6038036\",\n \"text\": \"at number two in the United Kingdom and Germany and hit number one in 13 other countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Zimbabwe. Debuting at number 87 on 28 August 1993, the song reached number 11 on the Hot 100 in the United States. The song also peaked at number 12 in Australia. By March 1994, worldwide sales of \\\"What Is Love\\\" had already reached 2.6 million. When asked about the meaning of \\\"What Is Love\\\" in a 2015 interview, Haddaway said: \\\"Billboard\\\" wrote about the song: \\\"Glorious pop/house ditty recently topped\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Love\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758762\",\n \"text\": \"the metallic floor accentuate the chilly atmosphere. O'Donnell said in interview: \\\"[T]here is no set in the original play, but I argued that the whole play is about power and the abuse of power, and how information is power, so we used the library as a metaphor for somebody who has control of all the power and all the information. When it came to casting, I was looking for a particular type of actor – somebody who could bring a sort of menacing quality to the screen. There is a lot of menace in the play. \\\"What Where\\\" is about\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758763\",\n \"text\": \"a brooding, palpable evil, which is a theme that occurs in Beckett's other work.\\\" Presented thus is it easy to see \\\"What Where\\\" as Beckett’s \\\"Nineteen Eighty-Four\\\". At the end of \\\"Catastrophe\\\" there is a flicker of hope. Not so here. Just as Winston Smith is beaten into submission so are these characters. O’Donnell brings \\\"the scene closer to realism and create[s] a dark, sinister atmosphere by homing in on the faces of the two actors … As he said, ‘Filming allows you to show a close-up of a terrified man, bringing a different edge to the work.’\\\" Before switching\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8355194\",\n \"text\": \"Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X Where The Hell Are We And What Day Is It... This Is Static-X is a rockumentary DVD that was set to be released in 2001 by industrial metal band Static-X. It features behind-the-scenes and live footage, along with all of Static-X's music videos (at the time) and an audio-only concert. Due to the live footage being recorded at \\\"Ozzfest\\\", Sharon Osbourne threatened to sue the band if the DVD was released. Therefore, it was prevented from ever hitting store shelves. It is very hard to find and\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8355195\",\n \"text\": \"roughly only 500 copies are in existence. Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X Where The Hell Are We And What Day Is It... This Is Static-X is a rockumentary DVD that was set to be released in 2001 by industrial metal band Static-X. It features behind-the-scenes and live footage, along with all of Static-X's music videos (at the time) and an audio-only concert. Due to the live footage being recorded at \\\"Ozzfest\\\", Sharon Osbourne threatened to sue the band if the DVD was released. Therefore, it was prevented from ever hitting store shelves.\",\n \"title\": \"Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4509527\",\n \"text\": \"Mid-Continent oil province The Mid-continent oil field is a broad area containing hundreds of oil fields in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. The area, which consists of various geological strata and diverse trap types, was discovered and exploited during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the crude oil found in the onshore mid-continent oil field is considered to be of the mixed base or intermediate type (a mix of paraffin base and asphalt base crude oil types). The first commercially successful oil well drilled in what was to be called the Mid-continent Oil Field\",\n \"title\": \"Mid-Continent oil province\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758760\",\n \"text\": \"Modern Word website describes it \\\"like a living, concave mask. His voice is sepulchral and chilling, yet conveys a sad, lonely quality as well. Bam, Bom, Bim, and Bem appear as detached faces along the bottom of the screen, floating in the black void and illuminated in stark white contrast. The dialogue is delivered in brisk, metallic monotones, emphasizing the sameness of the characters and the repetitiveness of the seasonal interrogations.\\\" Damien O’Donnell directed a filmed version of \\\"What Where\\\" for the \\\"Beckett on Film\\\" project in December 1999. It was filmed at Ardmore Studios in County Wicklow, Ireland. Bam\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758753\",\n \"text\": \"Bam is not satisfied and a phrase is improved to add to the force of the theme. [The play can therefore be compared with \\\"Krapp’s Last Tape\\\" but it also] shares many similarities with \\\"Ohio Impromptu\\\", the identical characters in appearance and dress, the unwinding backwards of events and the stylization of image and movement in particular.\\\" With Krapp his memories have a certain degree of reliability. Not so with Bam. \\\"[T]he figures in \\\"What Where\\\" emerge from beyond the grave, ghosts of memories that never really were.\\\" They are given form \\\"as if they existed\\\". \\\"In this version the\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758746\",\n \"text\": \"a continual state of flux, often finding it hard to relate to earlier versions of their own selves (e.g. Krapp: Just been listening to that stupid bastard I took myself for thirty years ago, hard to believe I was ever as bad as that.). With each passing day \\\"we are other\\\", Beckett notes in his monograph, \\\"no longer what we were before the calamity of yesterday.\\\" Bam is not wallowing in nostalgia though (like the women in \\\"Come and Go\\\"), rather he is trying to remember something – an \\\"it\\\", a \\\"when\\\", a \\\"where\\\" – that insists on remaining just\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758742\",\n \"text\": \"Beckett's choice in naming his characters, even if Joyce's work was not his only source of inspiration. As with many of Beckett’s later works for the stage and television, one definitive interpretation of \\\"What Where\\\" has proven elusive. A clear totalitarian edge exists which is why many opt for a political reading but, as with \\\"Catastrophe\\\" before it, there is more going on here. It can also be interpreted as a portrait of a single consciousness engaged in a self-reflective act. When the Voice of Bam wants the action to restart, rather than instruct the two player to \\\"Start again,\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758757\",\n \"text\": \"equivalent. While Beckett was convinced it could not be done, Chabert proposed to accomplish the appearance/disappearance of the characters with lighting. Beckett agreed to go along with it.\\\" The six performances took place at the Théâtre du Rond-Point in Paris and featured David Warrilow as Bam. The revised text (known as \\\"What Where II\\\") did away with the opening mime, Bam’s interventions and the characters were again represented only as floating heads. \\\"\\\"Je recommence\\\"\\\" (I start again) was amended to \\\"\\\"Ici Bam\\\"\\\" (Here is Bam). \\\"Because of technical difficulties, the French stage production replaced the enlarged and distorted reflection of\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2670928\",\n \"text\": \"of which some have become amalgamated with ... Africa, some ... with what is now Asia; and that in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands we have existing relics of this great continent, for which ... I should propose the name Lemuria! Sclater's theory was hardly unusual for his time; \\\"land bridges\\\", real and imagined, fascinated several of Sclater's contemporaries. Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, also looking at the relationship between animals in India and Madagascar, had suggested a southern continent about two decades before Sclater, but did not give it a name. The acceptance of Darwinism led scientists to seek to trace\",\n \"title\": \"Lemuria (continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11248076\",\n \"text\": \"some of the tracks (\\\"Beauty\\\" and \\\"Chest of Drawers\\\") are conversations with Brian Eno. All songs written by Daniel Lanois unless otherwise noted. \\\"Where Will I Be\\\" is a new version of a song which had been previously released on Emmylou Harris' album \\\"Wrecking Ball\\\" in 1995. \\\"Lovechild\\\" and \\\"Sacred And Secular\\\" tracks incorporates, respectively, the pedal steel guitar melody used in \\\"Carla\\\", on Belladonna album, and the pedal steel guitar melody used in \\\"Transmitter\\\", on Shine album. Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It\",\n \"title\": \"Here Is What Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10251699\",\n \"text\": \"Cimmeria (continent) Cimmeria was an ancient continent, or, rather, a string of microcontinents or terranes, that rifted from Gondwana in the Southern Hemisphere and was accreted to Eurasia in the Northern Hemisphere. It consisted of parts of what is today Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Tibet, Shan–Thai, and Malay Peninsula. Cimmeria rifted from the Gondwanan shores of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Carboniferous-earliest Permian and as the Neo-Tethys Ocean opened behind it, during the Permian, the Paleo-Tethys closed in front of it. Cimmeria rifted off Gondwana from east to west, from Australia to the eastern Mediterranean. It stretched across several latitudes and\",\n \"title\": \"Cimmeria (continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2555147\",\n \"text\": \"Mu (lost continent) Mu is the name of a suggested lost continent whose concept and name were proposed by 19th-century traveler and writer Augustus Le Plongeon, who claimed that several ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesoamerica, were created by refugees from Mu — which he stated was located in the Atlantic Ocean. This concept was popularized and expanded by James Churchward, who asserted that Mu was once located in the Pacific. The existence of Mu was already being disputed in Le Plongeon's time. Currently scientists dismiss the concept of Mu (and other alleged lost continents such as\",\n \"title\": \"Mu (lost continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20212807\",\n \"text\": \"that lies at Continent's core and defines it as the sure-footed, elegantly stated electro-pop record it most certainly is.\\\" Benjamin Boles of \\\"Now\\\" magazine praised Silver's \\\"futuristic reimaginings of vintage sounds and [his] strong sense of good old-fashioned melody.\\\" Ritter called \\\"Continent\\\" \\\"dense, detailed electronic music that is ever more evocative as the minutes, tracks, and repeated listens accumulate.\\\" He wrote in his review for \\\"Coke Machine Glow\\\", \\\"What separates CFCF's accomplished debut from other leisurely, ambient-ish electronic records is his dead-on pop sensibilities and the inexhaustible depth of his craft. Where others fall into the musical-wallpaper trap or are\",\n \"title\": \"Continent (CFCF album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10251709\",\n \"text\": \"the Bitlis-Zagros ocean (the southern branch of the Neo-Tethys). During Early Jurassic Cimmeria began to disintegrate behind the Paleo-Tethyan volcanic arc. This opened the northern branch in the Neo-Tethys — the Intra-Pontide, Izmh-Ankara, and the Inner Tauride oceans. The closure of the Paleo-Tethys in the Middle Jurassic reduced the Cimmerian archipelago in Anatolia. South of the Cimmerian blocks there were now two branches of the Neo-Tethys, a northern, larger and more complex, and a southern, more reduced; the Anatolide-Tauride continent separated them, the small Sakarya continent was located within the northern branch. The Apulian continent was connected to the Anatolide-Tauride\",\n \"title\": \"Cimmeria (continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5585102\",\n \"text\": \"Economic history of Spain This article covers the development of Spain's economy over the course of its history. Iberians, roughly located in the South and East, and Celts in the North and West of the Iberian Peninsula were the major earliest groups in what is now Spain (a third, so-called Celtiberian culture seems to have developed in the inner part of the Peninsula, where both groups were in contact). Carthaginians and Greeks also traded with Spain and established their own colonies on the coast. Spain's mineral wealth and access to metals made it an important source of raw material during\",\n \"title\": \"Economic history of Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758733\",\n \"text\": \"and he would also be subjected to the same grilling until he confessed. Bim appears and asks what information he needs to extract from Bom. Bam maintains he only wants to know: \\\"That he said \\\"it\\\" to him.\\\" Bim wants to make sure that is all he needs to obtain and then he can stop. Bam tells him, \\\"Yes.\\\" Bam's voice repeats \\\"not good, I start again\\\". Bim then asks what is he to confess. Bam tells him that he needs to confess that he said \\\"it\\\" to him. Bim asks if that is all and Bam says \\\"and what\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6127385\",\n \"text\": \"Mid-Continent Railway Museum The Mid-Continent Railway Museum is a railroad museum in North Freedom, Wisconsin, United States. The museum consists of static displays as well as a 7-mile round trip ride aboard preserved railroad cars. Mid-Continent Railway Museum's collection emphasizes the preservation of railroad items operated in the upper Midwest from the period of 1880-1916, what the organization refers to as the \\\"Golden Age of Railroading\\\". During that time, railroads saw an unprecedented rate of expansion, growing in size in the United States from 93,000 to 254,037 miles of track. Three steam locomotives are currently under restoration to federal guidelines.\",\n \"title\": \"Mid-Continent Railway Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6127372\",\n \"text\": \"Mid-Continent Railway Museum The Mid-Continent Railway Museum is a railroad museum in North Freedom, Wisconsin, United States. The museum consists of static displays as well as a 7-mile round trip ride aboard preserved railroad cars. Mid-Continent Railway Museum's collection emphasizes the preservation of railroad items operated in the upper Midwest from the period of 1880-1916, what the organization refers to as the \\\"Golden Age of Railroading\\\". During that time, railroads saw an unprecedented rate of expansion, growing in size in the United States from 93,000 to 254,037 miles of track. Three steam locomotives are currently under restoration to federal guidelines.\",\n \"title\": \"Mid-Continent Railway Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13775751\",\n \"text\": \"Where Is Brooklyn? Where Is Brooklyn? is an album by Don Cherry featuring Henry Grimes, Ed Blackwell, and Pharoah Sanders recorded in 1966 and released on the Blue Note label. The Allmusic review by Steve Huey states: \\\"\\\"Where Is Brooklyn?\\\" is much more about energy and thoughtful group interaction than memorable themes, and so there's just a little something missing in comparison to Cherry's prior albums, even though they did also emphasize the qualities on display here. Nonetheless, it's still a fine record for what it does concentrate on; Sanders is in typically passionate form, and the rest of the\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Brooklyn?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758739\",\n \"text\": \"before finally bowing out in \\\"What Where\\\". \\\"Beckett adored Franz Schubert’s song cycle, \\\"Winterreise\\\" (Winter Journey) … [and ] used to listen spellbound to Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau’s stunning recording of the songs … He also knew about his connections with the town of Graz [Schubert had stayed there for a time] … In the Schubert \\\"Lieder\\\", the traveller in the opening poem, \\\"Gute Nacht\\\" (Good Night) has lost his love and journeys disconsolately from May into snowy winter … [This] provided Beckett with the formal structure of his play, moving from spring to winter … suggesting death.\\\" In his notes for\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14706014\",\n \"text\": \"is mainly expressed by the modern movement and the colors of the walls used by Luis Barragán and Ricardo Legorreta, Mexican architects have built several buildings with a clear stylistic formality. Sheraton Bilbao and Housing Parque Europa in Madrid hotel are constructions with shapes and styles of contemporary Mexican architecture. Spain is the third country where Mexicans immigrate to. It is noteworthy that there is no relationship with the Mexican immigration to the United States or to Canada. Mexicans who immigrate to Spain or the rest of the European continent are primarily middle or high class, they don't engage in\",\n \"title\": \"Mexican immigration to Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7616967\",\n \"text\": \"style that was popular before the advent of Art Deco. Mid-Continent Tower The Mid-Continent Tower is a 36-story skyscraper located at 401 South Boston Avenue in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma. At 156 meters (513 ft) in height, it is the fourth-tallest building in Tulsa and fifth-tallest in Oklahoma. Faced with bright white terra cotta and crowned with a distinctive copper roof, it is one of the city's most recognizable buildings. The design is unique because the first 16-story structure was built in 1918. The top 20 stories comprise a separate structure, cantilevered over the first 66 years later. The architects of\",\n \"title\": \"Mid-Continent Tower\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7616963\",\n \"text\": \"Mid-Continent Tower The Mid-Continent Tower is a 36-story skyscraper located at 401 South Boston Avenue in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma. At 156 meters (513 ft) in height, it is the fourth-tallest building in Tulsa and fifth-tallest in Oklahoma. Faced with bright white terra cotta and crowned with a distinctive copper roof, it is one of the city's most recognizable buildings. The design is unique because the first 16-story structure was built in 1918. The top 20 stories comprise a separate structure, cantilevered over the first 66 years later. The architects of the addition matched the design of the original structure so\",\n \"title\": \"Mid-Continent Tower\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13684373\",\n \"text\": \"were unaware of Danny!'s contribution to a song. While it is uncertain which of these original songs were authorized and by what means they were acquired, it is believed that Danny! managed to compose an entire record of unwitting guest appearances according to a 2012 interview with Complex. After being completed in 2012, the original version of \\\"Payback\\\" was shelved in lieu of a partnership with Okayplayer Records, who released a modified version of the album later that year. Where Is Danny? Where Is Danny? is the sixth studio album by American rapper and producer Danny!. It follow the rapper's\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Danny?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15509495\",\n \"text\": \"the internet on April 20, 2013. According to Jessica Sager of PopCrush, it picks up where the original song left off. Sager wrote that the song \\\"likely isn't about [Marc] Anthony — but for those new to the song, it's surely easy to interpret it as such. Lopez gets pretty revealing in the new song, addressing a divorce directly and explicitly\\\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Love?\\\". (What Is) Love? \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. Originally entitled \\\"What Is Love?\\\", the song appeared on the soundtrack to \\\"The Back-up Plan\\\" (2010),\",\n \"title\": \"(What Is) Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7910051\",\n \"text\": \"Bismarck south to Tulsa. It had 6 million revenue passenger miles that year; Braniff had 36 million and industry leader American had 312 million. After World War II Mid-Continent expanded to Shreveport, Louisiana, New Orleans and Houston; in October 1951 it flew to 34 airports. Northwest Airlines and American Airlines proposed mergers with the airline in the 1940s; neither was approved. Kansas City, Missouri moved to build a new airport away from the river for Mid-Continent and TWA, whose main overhaul base was located in a former B-25 bomber factory at Fairfax. The new airport was to be called Mid-Continent\",\n \"title\": \"Mid-Continent Airlines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19322950\",\n \"text\": \"10. Similarly in Spain, the album peaked at number 42, lasting a total of two weeks on the chart. Stefani's 2006 release, \\\"The Sweet Escape\\\", did not chart. On Belgium's Ultratop Wallonia chart, it became her highest peaking album, where it debuted at number 21 and charted for four consecutive weeks. On Belgium's Flanders chart, it peaked at number 32 and lasted six consecutive weeks. In Scotland and Ireland, the album debuted at numbers 13 and 17 respectively. Elsewhere, \\\"This Is What the Truth Feels Like\\\" peaked in the lower regions of the charts. In Italy, the album peaked at\",\n \"title\": \"This Is What the Truth Feels Like\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12539135\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"continents\\\" (or mainlands) of Isle of Man, Ireland and Wales and in 1745 to Sumatra. The word \\\"continent\\\" was used in translating Greek and Latin writings about the three \\\"parts\\\" of the world, although in the original languages no word of exactly the same meaning as \\\"continent\\\" was used. While \\\"continent\\\" was used on the one hand for relatively small areas of continuous land, on the other hand geographers again raised Herodotus's query about why a single large landmass should be divided into separate continents. In the mid-17th century, Peter Heylin wrote in his \\\"Cosmographie\\\" that \\\"A Continent is\",\n \"title\": \"Continent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13684372\",\n \"text\": \"was during this time he began excessively prank-calling fellow celebrities and going through a self-proclaimed \\\"social media meltdown\\\", alienating acts such as Childish Gambino and Busta Rhymes. Shortly after \\\"Where Is Danny?\\\"'s re-release, Danny! began to compose what began as a vindictive satirical project to expose how much more interested in high-profile collaborations than music of substance that the industry was at the time. Danny! would spend the remainder of 2011 assembling a catalog of tracks originally intended for the Interscope digital download version of what would become \\\"Payback\\\"; most, though not all, of these tracks featured A-list artists that\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is Danny?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7728588\",\n \"text\": \"All\\\", \\\"Mystical One\\\" and \\\"Pisces Fish\\\". Joshua Greene, another religious academic, identifies the song as part of its parent album's \\\"intimately detailed account of a spiritual journey\\\": where \\\"Awaiting on You All\\\" shows Harrison \\\"convinced of his union with God\\\", \\\"What Is Life\\\" reveals him to be \\\"uncertain that he deserved such divine favor\\\". The song's second verse repeats what Inglis refers to as the \\\"somewhat confusing promise\\\" from Harrison (in lines 3 and 4) should his love be \\\"rejected\\\": Musically, Simon Leng describes \\\"What Is Life\\\" as \\\"Motown-spiced\\\" and a comparatively rare example of its composer's willingness to embrace\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Life\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18073127\",\n \"text\": \"in Zhoushan, and Dongji Island. One of the leads, William Feng, was injured when the filming process was nearly finished. The film premiered in mainland China on July 24, 2014. The movie follows three young men, without much life experience, who live on an island located in the East China Sea. The three hatch a plan to journey across the Chinese mainland, and along the way, documents their experiences before finally ending their journey that will decide their destinies. The Continent (film) The Continent () is a 2014 Chinese road-trip comedy film written directed by Han Han. The film was\",\n \"title\": \"The Continent (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9771748\",\n \"text\": \"where in 1989 it was used in a campaign for the New South Wales Rugby League. They later used the Tina Turner song \\\"The Best\\\" in another campaign. The song has been covered many times including by Canadian country music group Straight Clean & Simple and a single for the band taken from their 1992 album \\\"Iron Lady\\\". It was also covered by Scottish / Irish country artist Lisa McHugh. Her cover appears in her 2014 album \\\"A Life That's Good\\\". What You Get Is What You See \\\"What You Get Is What You See\\\" is a song by recording\",\n \"title\": \"What You Get Is What You See\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15337134\",\n \"text\": \"no problem appealing to the 95% of people that haven't heard (and still remember) the Pixies' \\\"Where Is My Mind?\\\" and have never experienced a truly exciting live show, and if that's what the band is aiming for, then they are a complete success.\\\" Where Is My Mind? \\\"Where Is My Mind?\\\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies. Although the song was never released as a single, it is one of the band's signature songs. It has been awarded Silver Certification by the BPI for UK singles. \\\"Where Is My Mind?\\\" is the seventh track on\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is My Mind?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12774094\",\n \"text\": \"of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent, Zealandia and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven-continent model. Papua New Guinea, a country within the continent, is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse countries in the world. It is also one of the most rural, as only 18 percent of its people live\",\n \"title\": \"Australia (continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6126841\",\n \"text\": \"or Edwin Newman at 12:55 p.m. (before a 30-minute affiliate break), \\\"The Who, What, or Where Game\\\" only ran 25 minutes each day, instead of the customary 30. Similar to \\\"Jeopardy!\\\", which preceded it at 12 Noon/11 a.m. Central, \\\"The Who, What, or Where Game\\\" proved to be an effective stablemate to its lead-in. \\\"The Who, What, or Where Game\\\" succeeded a short-lived show called \\\"Name Droppers\\\", hosted by Los Angeles-area disc jockeys Al Lohman and Roger Barkley; it was succeeded in turn by \\\"Jackpot.\\\" Coincidentally, \\\"The Who, What, or Where Game\\\" announcer Darrow would later host a Canadian-produced revival\",\n \"title\": \"The Who, What, or Where Game\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8966218\",\n \"text\": \"songs by John Lydon, Keith Levene, and Martin Atkins except * by John Lydon and Martin Atkins Five songs on \\\"This Is What You Want...This Is What You Get\\\" are re-recordings of tracks which originally appeared on \\\"Commercial Zone\\\": \\\"Bad Life\\\" (originally titled \\\"Mad Max\\\"), \\\"This Is Not a Love Song\\\" (originally titled \\\"Love Song\\\"), \\\"Solitaire\\\" (entitled \\\"Young Brits\\\" on the second pressing of \\\"Commercial Zone\\\"), \\\"The Order of Death\\\" (originally titled \\\"The Slab\\\"), and \\\"Where Are You?\\\" (originally titled \\\"Lou Reed Part 2\\\"). Four songs from \\\"Commercial Zone\\\", \\\"Bad Night\\\", \\\"Lou Reed Part 1\\\", \\\"Blue Water\\\" and \\\"Miller Hi-Life\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20212808\",\n \"text\": \"too easily slotted into one ambience-by-numbers or another, CFCF shapes his tracks to build seamlessly toward climaxes that are just so, and no more, before pulling everything back a little.\\\" A reviewer for \\\"Prefix\\\" magazine analogized \\\"Continent\\\" as \\\"driving in a foreign sports car along a coastal road to your mistress' Italian villa.\\\" He praised the LP's \\\"uniformity\\\" but also wrote that it was a slightly negative aspect of the record and what prevented it from being \\\"great:\\\" \\\"CFCF teases his work's build-up for too long. \\\"Continent\\\" never takes us to that villa, or at least lets us fool around\",\n \"title\": \"Continent (CFCF album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6126843\",\n \"text\": \"for \\\"The Who, What, or Where Game\\\" was written by George David Weiss. According to an audio clip from a 1973 episode, at least the closing theme had been changed before the end of program's run, but no further information has materialized. Milton Bradley produced two home editions of \\\"The Who, What, or Where Game\\\". The home game format was almost identical to that of the show, fairly unusual for board game of television shows of that era. In 1973, a short-lived British version aired on BBC1 hosted by David Jacobs. The Who, What, or Where Game The Who, What,\",\n \"title\": \"The Who, What, or Where Game\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11893667\",\n \"text\": \"release, the song re-entered the official UK singles charts at 40, eventually peaking at 35. The music video for \\\"Where Is the Love?\\\" was shot in East Los Angeles and features The Black Eyed Peas and various other people, including various young children, asking the world where the love really is. In the video, will.i.am and Taboo act as a soul music road duo who use music to tell people what is wrong with the world, Fergie appears as a peacemaker who places stickers with question marks on them all over the place to ask people where the love is\",\n \"title\": \"Where Is the Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16013478\",\n \"text\": \"when he finished strongly to take the lead close home and win a minor handicap race by half a length. Six weeks and four races later he won for the second time that year when he stayed on well to take a handicap at Goodwood. After five more races Continent was retired after running unplaced at York in June 2008. At the 2002 Cartier Racing Awards, Continent was named European Champion Sprinter. In the official International Classification for 2002, Continent was rated at 117, making him the third best European sprinter, behind Kyllachy and Invincible Spirit. Continent (horse) Continent is\",\n \"title\": \"Continent (horse)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9561424\",\n \"text\": \"Hinduism in Spain Hinduism is a minority religion in Spain. The Indian community as a percentage of a population of 40 million is again only 0.04% at perhaps 30,000. Most Indians originally travelled to Spain from Africa, while others came from India and even Japan and Southeast Asia. Sindhi traders and shopkeepers thrived in the freeports of the Spanish Canary Islands of Gran Canaria and Tenerife following the imposition of import and foreign exchange restrictions in Spain after World War-II. They conducted a brisk trade with the North African continent from Las Palmas. When Ceuta and Melilla, were also declared\",\n \"title\": \"Hinduism in Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2555158\",\n \"text\": \"ocean floor where the crust is a few kilometers thick, while the continents are huge solid blocks tens of kilometers thick. Since continents float on the sima much like icebergs float on water, a continent cannot simply \\\"sink\\\" under the ocean. It is true that continental drift and seafloor spreading can change the shape and position of continents and occasionally break a continent into two or more pieces (as happened to Pangaea). However, these are very slow processes that occur in geological time scales (hundreds of millions of years). Over the scale of history (tens of thousands of years), the\",\n \"title\": \"Mu (lost continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114686\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"Pal's worst film\\\", saying that it had \\\"poor effects\\\" and that it was: \\\"Occasionally funny – but not on purpose\\\". Author David Wingrove also had similar criticisms in his \\\"Science Fiction Film Source Book\\\": \\\"No expense was spared in buying up footage from \\\"Quo Vadis\\\" to give it true period flavour. Avoid\\\". At a preview screening for the film, questionnaires were handed out to the audience asking what scene was their favorite. One person, apparently recognizing the footage taken from \\\"Quo Vadis\\\", wrote, \\\"The scene where Robert Taylor saved Deborah Kerr from the fire\\\". Atlantis, the Lost Continent Atlantis,\",\n \"title\": \"Atlantis, the Lost Continent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20212802\",\n \"text\": \"in its very spot.\\\" \\\"Continent\\\" features a cover of Fleetwood Mac's \\\"Big Love,\\\" which increases the pace of the original source material and includes what \\\"Ritter\\\" described as a \\\"rare lead vocal\\\" that's very low in volume in comparison with the other instruments in the mix. The post-disco track \\\"Invitation to Love\\\" is named after the show within a show from the David Lynch television series \\\"Twin Peaks\\\". It features a sample of the song \\\"Pillow Talk\\\" by producer Quiet Village. It includes what Finlayson described as a \\\"dulled buzz\\\" synthesizer, a 1980s-style guitar solo, and handclaps. Finlayson jokingly wrote\",\n \"title\": \"Continent (CFCF album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12539117\",\n \"text\": \"cases, there is no complete separation of these landmasses by water (disregarding the Suez Canal and Panama Canal, which are both narrow and shallow, as well as being artificial). Both these isthmuses are very narrow compared to the bulk of the landmasses they unite. North America and South America are treated as separate continents in the seven-continent model. However, they may also be viewed as a single continent known as America or the Americas. This viewpoint was common in the United States until World War II, and remains prevalent in some Asian six-continent models. This remains the more common vision\",\n \"title\": \"Continent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6126842\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Jackpot\\\" that aired between 1985 and 1988 on the USA Network. After unsuccessfully attempting to revive the series in 1988 with a failed pilot called \\\"The New Who, What or Where Game\\\", Ron Greenberg later reformatted the show as \\\"The Challengers\\\", hosted by Dick Clark. \\\"The Challengers\\\" incorporated elements from \\\"The Who, What, or Where Game\\\" alongside a mix of topical questions in categories dealing with current events. Jonathan Lethem's 2013 novel \\\"Dissident Gardens\\\" has as part of its plot a character who appears on this show, which is mentioned by name, as is host Art James. The music\",\n \"title\": \"The Who, What, or Where Game\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2810334\",\n \"text\": \"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: \\\"P. Gauguin / 1897\\\". The painting was created in Tahiti, and is in the Museum of\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12539138\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"New Holland, an immense island, which some geographers dignify with the appellation of another continent\\\" and the \\\"Oxford English Dictionary\\\" was just as equivocal some decades later. Antarctica was sighted in 1820 during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition and described as a continent by Charles Wilkes on the United States Exploring Expedition in 1838, the last continent identified, although a great \\\"Antarctic\\\" (antipodean) landmass had been anticipated for millennia. An 1849 atlas labelled Antarctica as a continent but few atlases did so until after World War II. From the mid-19th century, atlases published in the United States more commonly\",\n \"title\": \"Continent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7296218\",\n \"text\": \"Mid-Continent University Mid-Continent University was a four-year, liberal arts Christian institution located near Mayfield, Kentucky, United States. It had been experiencing financial troubles and was placed on \\\"warning status\\\" by its regional accreditor the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in late 2013. On April 15, 2014, university officials reported that Interim President Ken Winters stepped down for family reasons April 12, and that former President Robert Imhoff and his wife Jackie Imhoff, the vice president of adult services, who had stepped down from their positions in February but were still receiving a salary, were fired. Robert \\\"Tom\\\" Walden was\",\n \"title\": \"Mid-Continent University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5321393\",\n \"text\": \"of change. If you are allergic to these processes, you abandon history and take cover in the social sciences. Today anthropology, sociology, etc, flourish. History is sick. But then our society too is sick\\\". Carr deplored the rise of Structuralism. Carr wrote there was the structuralist approach, which Carr called a \\\"horizontal\\\" way of understanding history \\\"which analyses a society in terms of the functional or structural inter-relation of its parts\\\". Against it, there was what Carr called the \\\"vertical\\\" approach \\\"which analyses it [society] in terms of where it has come from and where it is going\\\". Through Carr\",\n \"title\": \"What Is History?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"742308\",\n \"text\": \"and Caroline Islands. At its greatest extent, the Spanish crown claimed on the mainland of the Americas much of North America south of Canada, that is: all of present-day Mexico and Central America except Panama; most of present-day United States west of the Mississippi River, plus the Floridas. To the west of the continent, New Spain also included the Spanish East Indies (the Philippine Islands, the Mariana Islands, the Caroline Islands, parts of Taiwan, and parts of the Moluccas). To the east of the continent, it included the Spanish West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola (comprising the modern states of Haiti and\",\n \"title\": \"New Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7296223\",\n \"text\": \"National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA); primarily competing in the NAIA's American Midwest Conference (AMC), the Cougars also competed as a member of the Division I Mid-East Region of the NCCAA. Men's sports included baseball, basketball, cheerleading and soccer; while women's sports included basketball, cheerleading, softball and volleyball. Mid-Continent University Mid-Continent University was a four-year, liberal arts Christian institution located near Mayfield, Kentucky, United States. It had been experiencing financial troubles and was placed on \\\"warning status\\\" by its regional accreditor the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in late 2013. On April 15, 2014, university officials reported that Interim\",\n \"title\": \"Mid-Continent University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11248075\",\n \"text\": \"Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It was first released in December 2007 as a high-quality download, and later released on CD on March 18, 2008. The album is the result of the same project that led to the 2007 documentary \\\"Here Is What Is\\\" that premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival in September. The movie documents the aesthetics and creative process behind Lanois' approach to music making and recording. The album has been presented as a direct soundtrack to this film, and\",\n \"title\": \"Here Is What Is\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2810341\",\n \"text\": \"Boston, acquired it from the Marie Harriman Gallery on 16 April 1936. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: \\\"P. Gauguin / 1897\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758745\",\n \"text\": \"The inability to remember, to get at the truth, is a focal point in much of his work. Beckett’s characters (e.g. May in \\\"Footfalls\\\", Mouth in \\\"Not I\\\") seem doomed to repeat themselves, as much as the accidents or miracles of analogy allow them some momentary insight into their situations. For Beckett, memory is second-hand knowledge. You were not there. Another \\\"you\\\" was. Can you trust what he says he saw and heard? This would not be the first time Beckett has fragmented an individual for dramatic effect (e.g. \\\"That Time\\\" or \\\"Ohio Impromptu\\\"). Beckett believes people to be in\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12774097\",\n \"text\": \"meanings: travel writer Paul Theroux included New Zealand in his definition and others have used it for Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii. Another biologist, Richard Dawkins, coined the name \\\"Australinea\\\" in 2004. \\\"Australia-New Guinea\\\" has also been used. With a total land area of , the Australian continent is the smallest, and second-lowest human inhabited (after Antarctica) continent on Earth. The continental shelf connecting the islands, half of which is less than deep, covers some , including the Sahul Shelf and Bass Strait. As the country of Australia is mostly on a single landmass, and comprises most of the continent,\",\n \"title\": \"Australia (continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6114682\",\n \"text\": \"the weapon. As lightning flashes and thunder roars, the entire continent is sinking just before it begins to rise up quickly. Just as quickly the sea bottom collapses, and Atlantis plunges beneath the waves. The large crystal atop the capital's large pyramid, the main power source for the entire continent, short-circuits, and a massive explosion follows. The skies suddenly clear. Various groups of survivors, including Demetrios and Antillia, flee to Greece and other parts of the world, where they are absorbed into other cultures, and the Legend of Lost Atlantis is spread through the many peoples and nations that follow\",\n \"title\": \"Atlantis, the Lost Continent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7110658\",\n \"text\": \"based on \\\"The Weathering Continent\\\" have also been issued: \\\"Mutsumi Inomata Paintings Collection The Weathering Continent: Un Ballo en Maschera\\\", \\\"Dragon Magazine Collection The Weathering Continent The Approach of Atlantis\\\", and \\\"Fujimi Fantasia Comics: The Weathering Continent\\\". Brian Hanson of the Anime News Network had high expectations for the anime, but was ultimately bored by it. He summarized the film as \\\"a group of mopey kids on a dying mid-Atlantic continent from long, long ago comment on their bleak lives and their bleak world and how bleak everything is\\\". Raphael See of THEM Anime Reviews made similar comments, calling the\",\n \"title\": \"The Weathering Continent\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12774098\",\n \"text\": \"it is sometimes informally referred to as an island continent, surrounded by oceans. Geological forces such as tectonic uplift of mountain ranges or clashes between tectonic plates occurred mainly in Australia's early history, when it was still a part of Gondwana. Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, and therefore currently has no active volcanism. The continent primarily sits on the Indo-Australian Plate. Because of its central location on its tectonic plate Australia doesn't have any active volcanic regions, the only continent with this distinction. The lands were joined with Antarctica as part of the southern supercontinent\",\n \"title\": \"Australia (continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11861485\",\n \"text\": \"to model the thermal effects of break-up in basin modelling Continent-ocean boundary The continent-ocean boundary (COB) or continent-ocean transition is the boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust on a passive margin. The identification of continent-ocean boundaries is important in the definition of plate boundaries at the time of break-up when trying to reconstruct the geometry and position of ancient continents e.g. in the reconstruction of Pangaea. As hydrocarbon exploration moves further offshore to look for the remaining potential on passive margins, understanding the location of the COB is critical to predicting possible hydrocarbon occurrence. This is both from the\",\n \"title\": \"Continent-ocean boundary\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11861484\",\n \"text\": \"Continent-ocean boundary The continent-ocean boundary (COB) or continent-ocean transition is the boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust on a passive margin. The identification of continent-ocean boundaries is important in the definition of plate boundaries at the time of break-up when trying to reconstruct the geometry and position of ancient continents e.g. in the reconstruction of Pangaea. As hydrocarbon exploration moves further offshore to look for the remaining potential on passive margins, understanding the location of the COB is critical to predicting possible hydrocarbon occurrence. This is both from the likely location of source and reservoir rocks and the need\",\n \"title\": \"Continent-ocean boundary\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18220968\",\n \"text\": \"score of 100% rating based on 5 critics. From What Is Before From What Is Before () is a 2014 Filipino drama film directed by Lav Diaz. The film follows a remote town in the Philippines during the 1970s under the Marcos dictatorship. The film had its world premiere in the Philippines on 3 July 2014, and competed at the 2014 Locarno International Film Festival where it won the main prize, the Golden Leopard. The film also had its North American premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, under the Wavelengths section. In addition, the film had its Philippine\",\n \"title\": \"From What Is Before\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18220966\",\n \"text\": \"From What Is Before From What Is Before () is a 2014 Filipino drama film directed by Lav Diaz. The film follows a remote town in the Philippines during the 1970s under the Marcos dictatorship. The film had its world premiere in the Philippines on 3 July 2014, and competed at the 2014 Locarno International Film Festival where it won the main prize, the Golden Leopard. The film also had its North American premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, under the Wavelengths section. In addition, the film had its Philippine screening for free at 21 September 2014. The\",\n \"title\": \"From What Is Before\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5758735\",\n \"text\": \"asked to. In the end Bem appears and is told to find out \\\"where\\\" from Bim. Bem and Bim both exit like before. We are again informed that time has passed. It is now autumn and Bem returns to report he has been unable to extract \\\"where\\\" from Bim. The voice no longer needs to hear the complete interchange and jumps to Bam accusing Bim of lying and threatening him with \\\"the works\\\". Since there is no one left to carry out his orders Bam escorts Bem away himself. The voice tells us that winter has now arrived. Bam appears\",\n \"title\": \"What Where\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2670932\",\n \"text\": \"it was the cradle of civilization. Since the 1880s, the hypothesis of Lemuria has inspired many novels, television shows, films, and music. Lemuria (continent) Lemuria or Limuria is a hypothetical \\\"lost land\\\" located either in the Indian or the Pacific Ocean, as postulated by a now-discredited 19th-century scientific theory. The idea was then adopted by the occultists of the time and consequently has been incorporated into pop culture. Originally, Lemuria was hypothesized as a land bridge, now sunken, which would account for certain discontinuities in biogeography. This idea has been rendered obsolete by modern theories of plate tectonics. Sunken continents\",\n \"title\": \"Lemuria (continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2670925\",\n \"text\": \"Lemuria (continent) Lemuria or Limuria is a hypothetical \\\"lost land\\\" located either in the Indian or the Pacific Ocean, as postulated by a now-discredited 19th-century scientific theory. The idea was then adopted by the occultists of the time and consequently has been incorporated into pop culture. Originally, Lemuria was hypothesized as a land bridge, now sunken, which would account for certain discontinuities in biogeography. This idea has been rendered obsolete by modern theories of plate tectonics. Sunken continents such as Zealandia in the Pacific, Mauritia and the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean do exist, but no geological formation under\",\n \"title\": \"Lemuria (continent)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20212796\",\n \"text\": \"Continent (CFCF album) Continent is the debut studio album by Canadian electronic musician Michael Silver, known by his stage name as CFCF. It was released on October 27, 2009 by the label Paper Bag Records. \\\"Continent\\\" is a downtempo dance album that was described by one reviewer as \\\"dance music that doesn't want you to dance.\\\" It includes elements from a variety of styles such as IDM, balearic, synthpop, rave, and disco. \\\"Continent\\\" features a cover of the song \\\"Big Love\\\" by Fleetwood Mac. The LP garnered very favorable reviews from professional music reviewers, praises going towards its compositions, arrangements\",\n \"title\": \"Continent (CFCF album)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["europe"],"string":"[\n \"europe\"\n]","isConversational":false}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":21,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":2457,"offset":2100,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImtpZCI6IjVHZDBvd0g5MTM2eDZjc1FvbE1zcktNWUZoRVFoUm5PVVVybEpjOUhaUEEifQ.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc4NjE1MDgwMiwianRpIjoiZTQ2YTAwNTktMWJkNi00MTFlLThiZWYtZTUzZDNlZGE1MjNlIiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3ZzZWFyY2gvd2VicSIsImV4cCI6MTc4NjE1NDQwMiwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9odWdnaW5nZmFjZS5jbyJ9.OZXqvsEaKKjBAP2awlqoljLk27TR5aD3Sf1uh5x2k6dUezhoD16OkdwWRZSS_Zkvw2JMHCOsTbTQvfK_Z3S6CA","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":2457,"numBytesParquet":78323682},{"config":"default","split":"validation","numRows":278,"numBytesParquet":8786475},{"config":"default","split":"test","numRows":2032,"numBytesParquet":124921}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
question stringlengths 16 81 | positive_ctxs list | negative_ctxs list | hard_negative_ctxs list | answers list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
who coached the dallas cowboys in 1996? | [
{
"psg_id": "10256079",
"text": "1993 Dallas Cowboys season The 1993 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise's 34th season in the National Football League and was the fifth and final year of the franchise under head coach Jimmy Johnson which the Cowboys made two of three Super Bowl appearance between 1992-9... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10256020",
"text": "and in 1984 (28 to 21). The Football Encyclopedia Total Football Cowboys Have Always Been My Heroes 1996 Dallas Cowboys season The 1996 Dallas Cowboys season was the franchise's 37th season in the National Football League and was the third year under head coach Barry Switzer... | [
"jimmy johnson"
] |
what country did ponce de leon live in? | [
{
"psg_id": "18047813",
"text": "workshops in Yugoslavia. Pakistan, India, and Spain under sponsorship of the U.S. State Department, Mr. Ponce de Leon works are in the Library of Congress; The National Gallery (Washington D.C.); The White House; The Museum of Modern Art; Metropolitan Museum of Art; The New ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9862008",
"text": "was extended to Ponce de Leon Springs, where the Ponce de Leon amusement park would be built; today, Ponce City Market (formerly the Sears building, then City Hall East) stands on the site. Finally in 1889 the line was electrified and extended with the \"loop\" around what is... | [
"spain"
] |
what is the language called in russia? | [
{
"psg_id": "9250097",
"text": "Russian had become the second most commonly used language on the web. Internet in Russia is also sometimes called Runet, although that term mostly refers to the Russian-language Internet. Russians are strong users of social networks, of which Odnoklassniki.ru (used by 75% of ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4434716",
"text": "What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's mo... | [
"russian language"
] |
who does hank baskett play for now nov 2010? | [
{
"psg_id": "7850969",
"text": "Philadelphia Eagles. Baskett completed his rookie season with the Eagles with 22 receptions for an average of 20.1 yards per catch and two touchdowns. In 2009, Baskett joined the Indianapolis Colts. He returned to the Eagles in 2010, but was released and signed with the Vikin... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7850975",
"text": "8, 2010. The show was renewed once more, and the third season began airing in November 2010. The fourth season of the show premiered September 2011. The show has ended its run on E! and has now become \"Kendra on Top\" which began airing on WE tv on Tuesday, June 5, 2012. Sea... | [
"philadelphia eagles"
] |
who was the president of the us in 1971? | [
{
"psg_id": "1884610",
"text": "Committee for the Re-Election of the President The Committee for the Re-Election of the President (also known as the Committee to Re-elect the President), abbreviated as CRP was a fundraising organization of United States President Richard Nixon in his 1972 re-election campai... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15219086",
"text": "Fooled Again\" on that date, as the synthesizer backing tapes were unavailable. Here is a fairly typical set list (all songs written by Pete Townshend unless otherwise specified): There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. Another... | [
"richard nixon"
] |
what team did ronaldo play for? | [
{
"psg_id": "20783990",
"text": "Ronaldo Vásquez Ronaldo Junior Vásquez Herasme (born 30 June 1999) is a Dominican footballer who plays as a forward for Atlético Pantoja and the Dominican Republic national team. Vásquez began his football formation in La Meca del Fútbol. In 2013, he joined FCBEscola Santo D... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3048750",
"text": "multiple cardiac pathways into one, altering his resting heart rate. He was discharged from the hospital hours after the procedure and resumed training a few days later. At age 16, Ronaldo was promoted from Sporting's youth team by first-team manager László Bölöni, who was im... | [
"fc barcelona"
] |
what to do today in birmingham uk? | [
{
"psg_id": "4783139",
"text": "World War I and World War II. Records from the \"Sports Argus\" show that there were 200 teams playing cricket weekly within Birmingham in 1922, a figure which rose to 300 in 1930 and exceeded 320 in 1939. These figures do not include teams playing in competitions within indi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17338142",
"text": "1989–2003\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\" single European/UK 12\" single UK 12\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is... | [
"millennium point",
"birmingham nature centre",
"national exhibition centre",
"cadbury world",
"aston hall",
"blakesley hall",
"sarehole mill",
"edgbaston cricket ground",
"birmingham museum and art gallery",
"thinktank, birmingham"
] |
who was timothy mcveigh accomplice? | [
{
"psg_id": "429748",
"text": "— and was not written with malevolent intent.\" On April 26, 2001, McVeigh wrote a letter to Fox News, \"I Explain Herein Why I Bombed the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City\", which explicitly laid out his reasons for the attack. McVeigh read \"Unintended Consequences\"... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "429709",
"text": "Timothy McVeigh Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001) was an American domestic terrorist who perpetrated the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, which killed 168 people and injured over 680 others. The bombing was the deadliest act of terrorism within the United State... | [
"terry nichols"
] |
how old is the current president of north korea? | [
{
"psg_id": "290741",
"text": "the current Supreme Leader or \"Suryeong\" of North Korea. He heads all major governing structures: he is Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, Chairman of the State Affairs Commission of North Korea, and Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army. His grandfather Kim Il... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1004512",
"text": "Korea situation. Americans have more trust in U.S. military leaders than they do in President Trump to handle the current North Korea situation. Still, many Americans seem to be unsure on who they are more comfortable with handling the situation. Americans are still hesitant ... | [
"kim il-sung"
] |
what show does tamera mowry play on? | [
{
"psg_id": "5680197",
"text": "Borderline Bar and Grill in Thousand Oaks, California, on November 7, 2018. Tamera Mowry Tamera Darvette Mowry-Housley (; born July 6, 1978) is an American actress. She first gained fame for her teen role as Tamera Campbell on the ABC/WB sitcom \"Sister, Sister\" (opposite he... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5680193",
"text": "of \"The Real\" talk show which premiered on July 15, 2013. She and her identical twin sister Tia Mowry were in a singing group in the early 1990s called Voices. The group debuted their first single, \"Yeah, Yeah, Yeah!\" in 1992 and charted No.72 on the Billboard Hot 100. Ta... | [
"sister, sister",
"tia & tamera",
"detention",
"strong medicine",
"roommates",
"the look for less",
"the adventures of hyperman"
] |
what language do the people speak in australia? | [
{
"psg_id": "5665719",
"text": "Do You Speak American? Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way o... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20760416",
"text": "is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought.\" Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted \"A concrete lesson seems to emanate from \"In What Language?\" and it is this: that no matter what l... | [
"lojban",
"esperanto language",
"english language"
] |
what college is in greeley colorado? | [
{
"psg_id": "1029276",
"text": "Ridge Academy). Chappelow Arts Literacy Magnet School is the district's arts education K–8 school. There are at least five private schools inside the Greeley city limits: Trinity Lutheran School, St. Mary Catholic School, Dayspring Christian Academy, and Shepherd of the Hills... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1029282",
"text": "educator at the training school and at the college from 1936 to 1941. He conceived the idea for his acclaimed 1974 novel \"Centennial\" during his stay in Greeley, basing it on the real history of the town and the Colorado region. Egyptian Islamist Sayyid Qutb studied at the ... | [
"aims community college"
] |
what countries does the niger river flow through? | [
{
"psg_id": "283377",
"text": "National Park, but further north in Niger, where it has its last relict population. Environmental issues in Niger include destructive farming practices as a result of population pressure. Illegal hunting, bush fires in some areas and human encroachment upon the flood plains of... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "302261",
"text": "Like the Nile, the Niger floods yearly; this begins in September, peaks in November, and finishes by May. An unusual feature of the river is the Inner Niger Delta, which forms where its gradient suddenly decreases. The result is a region of braided streams, marshes, and lakes ... | [
"libya",
"chad",
"algeria",
"mali",
"nigeria",
"burkina faso",
"benin"
] |
what games did bungie make? | [
{
"psg_id": "14430177",
"text": "includes company information, forums, and statistics-tracking and integration with many of its games. Bungie.net serves as the platform from which Bungie sells company-related merchandise out of the Bungie Store and runs other projects, including Bungie Aerospace, charitable... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14430207",
"text": "formed by Microsoft to manage the \"Halo\" series following the launch of \"Halo: Reach,\" also includes a few former Bungie employees, including former O'Connor. In 2015, long time ex-Bungie employee Marty O'Donnell started a new game studio known as Highwire Games. Bungie ... | [
"minotaur: the labyrinths of crete",
"marathon infinity",
"marathon 2: durandal",
"operation desert storm",
"myth ii: soulblighter",
"abuse",
"pathways into darkness",
"gnop!",
"myth: the fallen lords",
"marathon"
] |
who does cristiano ronaldo play for 2012? | [
{
"psg_id": "20951830",
"text": "Transfer of Cristiano Ronaldo from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. Cristiano Ronaldo was transferred from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. on 10 July 2018. Worth €100 million, the transfer was the highest ever for a player over 30 years old, and the highest ever paid by a... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3048867",
"text": "describing them as an \"intentional defamation campaign\" with parts significantly \"altered and/or completely fabricated\", a claim which \"Der Spiegel\" categorically refuted. Sporting CP Manchester United Real Madrid Portugal Notes Citations Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ron... | [
"real madrid c.f."
] |
what team did kobe bryant play for first? | [
{
"psg_id": "1833134",
"text": "Kobe Bryant Kobe Bean Bryant (born August 23, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player. He played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He entered the NBA directly from high school and won five NB... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1833135",
"text": "the most seasons playing with one franchise for an entire career and is widely regarded as one of the greatest basketball players of all time. Bryant is the first guard in NBA history to play at least 20 seasons. The son of former NBA player Joe Bryant, Kobe Bryant enjoyed a ... | [
"los angeles lakers"
] |
what language do the speak in switzerland? | [
{
"psg_id": "3426760",
"text": "1 in Romansh. Both of Switzerland's winning songs have been sung in French. As of , Switzerland's voting history is as follows: Over the years Switzerland has broadcast the Eurovision Song Contest on three television stations, SRF (German language), RTS (French language) and ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20760416",
"text": "is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought.\" Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted \"A concrete lesson seems to emanate from \"In What Language?\" and it is this: that no matter what l... | [
"romansh language",
"french language",
"german language",
"italian language"
] |
what are portuguese people considered? | [
{
"psg_id": "3727425",
"text": "men with Gaelic names. Portuguese people Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal that share a common Portuguese culture and speak Portuguese. Their predominant religion is Christianity, mainly Roman Catholicism, though vast segments of the populati... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15290116",
"text": "mind. It is a gift to the city and all who visit.\" \"Are Years What?\" is considered by some to be di Suvero's \"breakthrough work.\" Are Years What? (for Marianne Moore) Are Years What? (for Marianne Moore) is a sculpture by American artist Mark di Suvero. It is in the col... | [
"portuguese"
] |
what movies did angelina jolie star in? | [
{
"psg_id": "8172015",
"text": "among Hollywood's highest-paid actresses, earning $10–$15 million per film for the next five years. Jolie reprised her role as Lara Croft in \"\" (2003), which was not as lucrative as the original, earning $156.5 million at the international box office. She also starred in th... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8172078",
"text": "beauty\", with her full lips remaining the most imitated celebrity feature well into the 2010s. After a 2011 repeat survey by \"Allure\" found that Jolie most represented the American beauty ideal, compared to model Christie Brinkley in 1991, writer Elizabeth Angell credited ... | [
"beowulf",
"cleopatra",
"a mighty heart",
"changeling",
"confessions of an action star",
"celebrity news reels: hollywood's most infamous couples and ugliest breakups",
"beyond borders",
"alice & viril",
"angela & viril",
"alexander"
] |
where was ancient carthage located? | [
{
"psg_id": "18474071",
"text": "devastated by a storm in December 1931. The chapel was located in an enclosure. On the wall of the gallery where it abutted the garden, there were displays of ancient items recovered during the construction of the foundations and in the surrounding area. Chapelle Saint-Louis... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12787972",
"text": "and Arian Christianity is the state religion. Stephen Baxter also features Carthage in his alternate history Northland trilogy; in Baxter's narrative it is Carthage that prevails and subjugates Rome. Ancient Carthage Carthage (; ; ) was the Phoenician state, including, durin... | [
"tunisia"
] |
what type of paintings did marc chagall do? | [
{
"psg_id": "727944",
"text": "Apollinaire to be \"struck by this quality\", calling them \"surnaturel!\" His \"animal/human hybrids and airborne phantoms\" would later become a formative influence on Surrealism. Chagall, however, did not want his work to be associated with any school or movement and consid... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15653986",
"text": "Musée Marc Chagall The Musée Marc Chagall (National Museum or Chagall Biblical Message) is a French national museum dedicated to the work of painter Marc Chagall - essentially his works inspired by religion - located in Nice in the Alpes-Maritimes. The museum was created dur... | [
"surrealism",
"expressionism"
] |
what movies did howard shore wrote the music for? | [
{
"psg_id": "2095418",
"text": "his films since 1979. Shore has also composed a few concert works including one opera, \"The Fly\", based on the plot of Cronenberg's 1986 film premiered at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris on July 2, 2008, a short piece Fanfare for the Wanamaker Organ and the Philadelphia Or... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2095420",
"text": "Lighthouse. In 1970, he became the music director for Lorne Michaels and Hart Pomerantz's short-lived TV program \"The Hart & Lorne Terrific Hour\". Shore wrote the music for Canadian magician Doug Henning's magic musical \"Spellbound\" in 1974 and, from 1975 to 1980, he was ... | [
"the lord of the rings: the two towers",
"the lord of the rings: the return of the king",
"the departed",
"the lord of the rings: the fellowship of the ring",
"the game",
"vampire's kiss",
"the fly",
"the silence of the lambs",
"the truth about cats & dogs",
"after hours"
] |
what were frederick douglass achievements? | [
{
"psg_id": "139805",
"text": "been named in his honor. Douglass still has living descendants today, such as Ken Morris, who is also a descendant of Booker T. Washington. Other honors and remembrances, organized chronologically, include: Scholarship: For young readers: Documentary films: Douglass sources on... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14176619",
"text": "Koren. The of the New York City Subway stop at Cathedral Parkway – 110th Street under Frederick Douglass Circle, while the M3, M4, and M10 bus lines stop at the circle. In addition, the M7 and M116 buses and the at Central Park North – 110th Street stop near Frederick Dougla... | [
"publisher",
"orator",
"writer",
"statesman",
"author"
] |
who plays kenneth on 30 rock? | [
{
"psg_id": "14240528",
"text": "Thayer starred in the 2008 comedy film \"Forgetting Sarah Marshall\" as the wife of a character played by Jack McBrayer, who plays Kenneth Parcell on \"30 Rock\". In order to shoot a scene in a McDonald's chain restaurant, the show approached executives from the restaurant, ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12719506",
"text": "the commercial breaks in this episode, commercials for American Express were aired featuring \"30 Rock\" cast members, who were in character. These commercials featured Kenneth giving out \"Secret Rodney\" Christmas gifts to various other \"30 Rock\" characters. The commerci... | [
"jack mcbrayer"
] |
who is the current coach of the new york knicks? | [
{
"psg_id": "18828427",
"text": "bolster their depth and perimeter shooting percentage, the Knicks signed J. R. Smith on February 18, 2012. The team struggled to congeal when Anthony returned from injury and went on to lose seven of eight games before head coach Mike D'Antoni resigned on March 14, 2012. Ass... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18828405",
"text": "much better as the Knicks ended their season with a 33–49 record and out of playoff contention. Hoping to find a leader that could put the team back on track, New York hired Larry Brown to coach the team. Brown, who idolized the team during his childhood, was well regarded f... | [
"mike woodson"
] |
what organization did dr. carter g. woodson found? | [
{
"psg_id": "7265589",
"text": "Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site at 1538 9th Street NW, in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C., preserves the home of Carter G. Woodson (1875–1950). Woodson, the founder of Black History Month, was an African-Am... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20979985",
"text": "were launched in 2014 by the newly appointed Chief of Police, Anthony Holloway, who pledged open access to members of the community to ask him questions at the museum during designated times. The museum website notes that \"The history of African Americans in the St. Petersb... | [
"association for the study of african american life and history"
] |
who owns the steelers football team? | [
{
"psg_id": "6995562",
"text": "History of the Pittsburgh Steelers This article details the history of the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Steelers are an American football franchise representing Pittsburgh. They are the seventh-oldest club in the National Football League (NFL), which they joined in . The only sur... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17790386",
"text": "Who Owns the Future? Who Owns the Future? is a book by Jaron Lanier, published in 2013. Lanier posits that the middle class is increasingly disenfranchised from online economies. By convincing users to give away valuable information about themselves in exchange for free serv... | [
"rooney family"
] |
what inventions did leonardo da vinci made? | [
{
"psg_id": "9634882",
"text": "itself would have rotated in the opposite direction to the rotor. While he designed a number of man powered flying machines with mechanical wings that flapped, he also designed a parachute and a light hang glider which could have flown. The viola organista was an experimental... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "248504",
"text": "Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (; 15 April 14522 May 1519), more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo, was an Italian polymath of the Renaissance whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathemati... | [
"double hull",
"viola organista"
] |
which team does ronaldinho play for? | [
{
"psg_id": "2801250",
"text": "famous worldwide as 'Ronaldinho' and in Brazil as ‘Ronaldinho Gaúcho’. 'Quadraginta novem' means forty-nine, the number of Ronaldinho's T-shirt at Clube Atlético Mineiro (CAM), his former team in Brazil. Ronaldinho chose the number 49 as an homage to his mother, born in 1949.... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16486161",
"text": "minutes each. Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team is an Italian animated television series based on the Brazilian soccer star Ronaldinho Gaúcho. The pilot episode was first broadcast on October 15, 2011, on the DeA Kids channel. \"Ronaldinho Gaucho's Team\" is ... | [
"clube atlético mineiro"
] |
where is eric cantor from? | [
{
"psg_id": "2537335",
"text": "Eric Cantor Eric Ivan Cantor (born June 6, 1963) is an American politician, lawyer, and banker, who served as the United States representative for Virginia's 7th congressional district from 2001 until 2014. As a member of the Republican Party, he became House Majority Leader ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2537367",
"text": "Democrat, and is pro-choice and supports same-sex marriage. Diana Cantor is a lawyer and certified public accountant. She founded, and from 1996 until 2008 was executive director of, the Virginia College Savings Plan (an agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia). She was also c... | [
"richmond"
] |
what is the currency of sweden called? | [
{
"psg_id": "4183553",
"text": "Korea’s Financial Services Commission (FSC), Yim Jong-yong, announced that his department will \"Lay the systemic groundwork for the spread of digital currency.\" South Korea has already announced plans to discontinue coins by the year 2020. Sweden Sweden is in the process of... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5833734",
"text": "History of copper currency in Sweden The Swedish Empire had the greatest and most numerous copper mines in Europe as it entered into its pre-eminence in the early 17th century as an emerging Great Power. Through poor fiscal policies and in part the Treaty of Älvsborg, Sweden ... | [
"swedish krona"
] |
what school did cam newton go to before auburn? | [
{
"psg_id": "9518253",
"text": "drafted Cameron Jerrell Newton in the 2011 NFL Draft, a quarterback from Auburn University, Cameron Lemark Newton has frequently been confused with the Auburn quarterback. Jerrell Newton remembers watching Lemark Newton play for the Falcons while he was attending high school ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9722984",
"text": "30, Auburn declared Cam Newton ineligible after the NCAA found evidence that Cecil Newton solicited Mississippi State $120,000 to $180,000 in exchange for Cam Newton's athletic service, a violation of amateurism. Auburn immediately filed to have him reinstated on the basis th... | [
"westlake high school",
"university of florida",
"auburn university",
"blinn college"
] |
where did tim mcgraw grew up? | [
{
"psg_id": "2805365",
"text": "in Music during the Foundation's 29th Anniversary Gala. He has been married to singer Faith Hill since 1996, and is a son of baseball player Tug McGraw. Samuel Timothy McGraw was born in Delhi, Louisiana, the only child of Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ann D'Agostino, a waitress from J... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2805396",
"text": "following the dispute over releasing his third Greatest Hits collection back in October 2008 without his permission. McGraw did not approve of the release. On November 30, 2010, Curb Records released his fourth greatest hits compilation, \"Number One Hits\". On January 2, 201... | [
"delhi"
] |
when did ny giants win the superbowl? | [
{
"psg_id": "289121",
"text": "and Jets have a real rivalry. A memorable regular season game was in 1988, when the Giants faced off against the Jets in the last game of the season, needing a victory to make the playoffs. The Jets played spoiler, however, beating the Giants 27–21 and ruining the latter's pla... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7801946",
"text": "1978. This Superbowl of Wrestling was held at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, drawing over 12,000 fans for a unification match between the WWWF and NWA World Championships. Here are the results: Superbowl of Wrestling The Superbowl of Wrestling was an event held in the 197... | [
"1927 new york giants season",
"2012 nfc championship game",
"1934 nfl championship game",
"super bowl xxv",
"super bowl xlvi",
"1938 nfl championship game",
"super bowl xlii",
"1956 nfl championship game",
"super bowl xxi"
] |
who does sonny bill williams play for 2012? | [
{
"psg_id": "6065990",
"text": "Wales Cup and Queensland Cup, as well as for the Phelan Shield premiers, the New Lynn Stags, in the 2011 Auckland Rugby League season. Williams is the cousin of brothers Henry and Marcus Perenara, who are former professional rugby league players. He is also the cousin of rugb... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6065934",
"text": "Sonny Bill Williams Sonny William Williams (born 3 August 1985) is a New Zealand rugby union player, and former rugby league footballer and heavyweight boxer. He is only the second person to represent New Zealand in rugby union after first playing for the country in rugby lea... | [
"chiefs"
] |
who are senators from utah? | [
{
"psg_id": "3573568",
"text": "State of Utah: 14 in the Senate, 41 in the House, and 2 in both houses. The average term for senators has been 15.3 years and the average term for representatives has been 6.7 years. The longest-serving senator is Orrin Hatch, in office since 1977. The longest-serving represe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3573569",
"text": "map was approved by the Republican legislature and signed into law by Republican Governor Gary Herbert. Each state elects two senators by statewide popular vote every six years. The terms of the two senators are staggered so that they are not elected in the same year. Utah's ... | [
"orrin hatch",
"mike lee",
"bob bennett"
] |
who did michael vick play for in 2008? | [
{
"psg_id": "2516140",
"text": "\"promoting, funding and facilitating this cruel and inhumane sporting activity\". Vick was assigned to United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth, a federal prison facility in Leavenworth, Kansas, to serve his sentence. At the request of federal authorities before sentencing, V... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2516092",
"text": "to his two sons at an early age. Vick was only three years old when his father, nicknamed \"Bullet\" for his speed during his own playing days, began teaching him the fundamentals. Michael subsequently taught the game to his younger brother, Marcus Vick. As he grew up, Vick, ... | [
"united states penitentiary, leavenworth"
] |
when was the last shark attack in maui? | [
{
"psg_id": "15357238",
"text": "West Maui Mountains The West Maui Mountains, West Maui Volcano, or Mauna Kahalewai which means \"holding house of water,\" is approximately 1.7 million years old and forms a much eroded shield volcano that constitutes the western one-quarter of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. S... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2510436",
"text": "with total and fatal shark bites growing exponentially over the last 40 years. Since 2000 there have been 15 fatal shark attacks along the West Australian coast with divers now facing odds of one in 16,000 for a fatal shark bite. Other shark attack hotspots include Réunion Is... | [
"wailuku"
] |
what type of government did egypt have? | [
{
"psg_id": "19203656",
"text": "Egypt–Jordan relations Egypt–Jordan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Arab Republic of Egypt. Since independence, the two nations have maintained good relations. Both countries are members of the Arab League, GAFTA, t... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17542106",
"text": "live. The film is being distributed by MVD Entertainment, and was released on DVD in November 2012. It is also available on iTunes, Hulu, and Video-on-Demand. Writing in Punk News, John Gentile said, \"The wilder songs, like 'Audiowhore' where bassist Matt Gentling just gets... | [
"semi-presidential system",
"constitutional republic",
"republic",
"unitary state"
] |
where was the assyrian civilization located? | [
{
"psg_id": "1925041",
"text": "Assyrians have left the Middle East entirely for a more safe and comfortable life in the countries of the Western world. As a result of this, the Assyrian population in the Middle East has decreased dramatically. As of today there are more Assyrians in the diaspora than in th... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10865367",
"text": "Old Assyrian Empire The Old Assyrian Empire is one of four periods in which the history of Assyria is divided, the other three being the Early Assyrian Period, the Middle Assyrian Empire, and the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Assyria was a major Mesopotamian East Semitic-speaking kin... | [
"middle east"
] |
what did baron de montesquieu die from? | [
{
"psg_id": "13579043",
"text": "What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "656805",
"text": "which (at February 2018) half have appeared. Montesquieu Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (; ; 18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher. He is f... | [
"fever"
] |
who are the current senators from illinois? | [
{
"psg_id": "1049965",
"text": "the federal level, Channahon is represented by: Senators Dick Durbin (D-Illinois), Tammy Duckworth (D-Illinois), and Representative Adam Kinzinger (R-16th District). Channahon, Illinois Channahon is a village in Grundy and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The popu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3698288",
"text": "State of Illinois on December 3, 1818. From statehood in 1818, until the addition of two seats in 1833, Illinois had one Representative, elected at-large statewide. Illinois gained one seat in 1881 and two more in 1891, but didn't redistrict until 1893. Tables showing members... | [
"dick durbin"
] |
who plays patrick jane wife? | [
{
"psg_id": "13149861",
"text": "Mentalist Code (2013), Charlotte Jane was named after two films written by the father of Bruno Heller, Lukas Heller: Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte and Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?. Prior to working at the CBI, Jane suffered a nervous breakdown due to guilt over the death o... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13149865",
"text": "to a chair. Ironically, Red John saves Jane from three students who have committed Red John copycat crimes and are about to kill Jane. At the end of the third season finale, Jane meets a man whom he believes is Red John. During their conversation, \"Red John\" encourages Jan... | [
"bruno heller"
] |
what team does derrick rose play for? | [
{
"psg_id": "12845717",
"text": "released in July 2018. In 2011, Rose was estimated by \"Crain's Chicago Business\" to earn $1.5–$2.5 million annually in endorsements, ranking just outside the top 10 NBA players in that category. In 2012, it was reported that Rose signed a contract extension with Adidas, wo... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12845715",
"text": "says \"In Jesus Name I Play\" and has several tattoos about his faith. On October 9, 2012, Rose's girlfriend, Mieka Reese, gave birth to their son, Derrick Jr. In 2016, Rose was involved in a federal civil lawsuit to \"assess whether he and two friends raped his former girlf... | [
"chicago bulls"
] |
what countries do new zealand export to? | [
{
"psg_id": "18937832",
"text": "Bieber uses a smooth, soulful vocal. Lyrically, \"What Do You Mean?\" describes not being able to figure out the opposite sex. It was featured in several year-end lists of best songs of 2015. Commercially, the song topped the charts in several countries, including Canada, Ir... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8388364",
"text": "What to Do with Daylight What to Do with Daylight is the debut album by New Zealand singer/songwriter, Brooke Fraser released in 2004. \"What to Do with Daylight\" was the top New Zealand album for 2004 (according to RIANZ), and went seven times Platinum. The album title come... | [
"australia",
"tuvalu",
"united states of america",
"united kingdom",
"kiribati",
"japan"
] |
what illness did huell howser died of? | [
{
"psg_id": "2773577",
"text": "been battling cancer for several years and his death certificate listed metastatic prostate cancer as the cause. Howser's body was cremated and his ashes were scattered at sea off the coast of Los Angeles County. On January 15, 2013, a memorial was held for Howser, who said b... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2773581",
"text": "death with a quick cartoon memorial shot at the end of the episode, stating: \"In Memory of Huell Howser, Friend of the Simpsons and a friend of California.\" Huell Howser Huell Burnley Howser (October 18, 1945 – January 7, 2013) was an American television personality, actor,... | [
"prostate cancer"
] |
what car models does gm make? | [
{
"psg_id": "4595021",
"text": "would have used an entirely different suspension than the Alfa Romeo vehicles, which would have proved too expensive. The platform debuted in 2003 with the Opel Insignia concept car, though this vehicle was not produced. A planned Buick model was also dropped. In the end, onl... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8014933",
"text": "and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \"What Difference Does It Make?\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \"The Tube\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something tha... | [
"hummer",
"pontiac",
"chevrolet",
"buick",
"oldsmobile",
"cadillac"
] |
which legend of zelda game is the first? | [
{
"psg_id": "1426789",
"text": "The Legend of Zelda (video game) The Legend of Zelda is an action-adventure video game developed and published by Nintendo and designed by Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka. Set in the fantasy land of Hyrule, the plot centers on a boy named Link, the playable protagonist, w... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1426825",
"text": "market, and copies have sold for over . From August 6, 1995, to September 2, 1995, Nintendo, in collaboration with the St.GIGA satellite radio network, began broadcasts of a substantially different version of the original \"The Hyrule Fantasy: Legend of Zelda\" for a Super Fa... | [
"the legend of zelda"
] |
what did doc holliday die from? | [
{
"psg_id": "2029563",
"text": "Doc Holliday John Henry \"Doc\" Holliday (August 14, 1851 – November 8, 1887) was an American gambler, gunfighter, and dentist, and a good friend of Wyatt Earp. He is best known for his role in the events leading up to and following the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. At age 21 ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2029632",
"text": "of the shooting on the train platform. \"Doc Holliday Days\" are held yearly in Holliday's birthplace of Griffin, Georgia. Valdosta, Georgia held a Doc Holliday look-alike contest in January 2010, to coincide with its sesquicentennial celebration. Tombstone, Arizona also hold... | [
"tuberculosis"
] |
what countries does britain own? | [
{
"psg_id": "10971572",
"text": "the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union. More than a hundred years before, in 1603, King James VI, King of Scots, had inherited the throne of England, but it was not until 1707 that the two countries' parliaments ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13810778",
"text": "week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million Am... | [
"principality of wales",
"kingdom of scotland"
] |
who played dorothy in the film wizard of oz? | [
{
"psg_id": "2888748",
"text": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Widely considered to be one of the greatest films in cinema history, it is the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20071372",
"text": "Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz is an American animated children's television series based on L. Frank Baum's novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" and its subsequent books, as well as its 1939 film adaptation. The series debuted on Boomerang SVOD on... | [
"aileen quinn",
"morgan hallet",
"lea michele",
"diana ross",
"sumi shimamoto",
"jill small",
"romola remus",
"fairuza balk",
"bebe daniels",
"judy garland"
] |
who was the owner of kfc? | [
{
"psg_id": "17545275",
"text": "History of KFC KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders, an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky, during the Great Depression. Sanders identified the potential of restaurant franchising, and ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17545321",
"text": "allegations that it had supplied KFC with expired meat. Yum! immediately terminated its contract with the supplier, and stated that the revelation had led to a \"significant\" decline in sales. History of KFC KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) was founded by Colonel Harland Sander... | [
"colonel sanders"
] |
where did robin gibb die? | [
{
"psg_id": "1322116",
"text": "Dwina Murphy, an author and artist. She is interested in the Druidry religion and is a follower of the neo-Hindu Brahma Kumaris movement. The couple had a son, Robin-John (known as RJ, b. 1983). Robin-John's first major musical project is the \"Titanic Requiem\" (2012), writt... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1322078",
"text": "Robin Gibb Robin Hugh Gibb (22 December 1949 – 20 May 2012) was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, who gained worldwide fame as a member of the pop group the Bee Gees. Their younger brother Andy was also a singer. Robin Gibb also had his own successful solo car... | [
"london"
] |
what countries are on the mediterranean sea? | [
{
"psg_id": "252049",
"text": "the Aegean Sea), has a surface area of approximately 2,510,000 square km (970,000 square miles). The sea was an important route for merchants and travellers of ancient times that allowed for trade and cultural exchange between emergent peoples of the region. The history of the... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "252068",
"text": "of kilometres away from its source. The temperature of the water in the deepest part of the Mediterranean Sea is . The following countries have a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea: Several other territories also border the Mediterranean Sea (from west to east): The British ov... | [
"italy",
"spain",
"france"
] |
what languages do they speak in russia? | [
{
"psg_id": "5860373",
"text": "Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role, and superior status was reserved for Russian. Russia lost its status in many of the new republics that arose following the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union. In Russia, however, the ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7657272",
"text": "Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do is a 1974 nonfiction book by the noted oral historian and radio broadcaster Studs Terkel. \"Working\" is a... | [
"yiddish language",
"chuvash language",
"russian language",
"tatar language",
"ukrainian language"
] |
who plays jim halpert? | [
{
"psg_id": "6912281",
"text": "essay on under-motivated, young, college grads. In an article on stereotypical office worker profiles, Jim was identified as the worker who is \"drifting along in a job, [while] you put off asking yourself hard questions about career plans.\" Jim Halpert James \"Jim\" Duncan ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6912246",
"text": "the sixth and eighth. Jim Halpert was born on October 1, 1978, to Gerald and Betsy Halpert. He has two brothers, Pete and Tom, who share his general love of pranks but have come across as unpleasant and somewhat bullying towards their little brother. Jim's parents presumably ... | [
"john krasinski"
] |
when were the phillies founded? | [
{
"psg_id": "326741",
"text": "After being founded in 1883 as the \"Quakers\", the team changed its name to the \"Philadelphias\", after the convention of the times. This was soon shortened to \"Phillies\". \"Quakers\" continued to be used interchangeably with \"Phillies\" from 1883 until 1890, when the tea... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8670939",
"text": "the Phillies won three straight division championships. Although both teams each won a World Series in the 1980s, the Mets were not serious contenders in the Phillies' playoff years (1980, 1981, and 1983), nor did the Phillies seriously contend in the Mets' playoff years (198... | [
"1883"
] |
what is the capital city of montana usa? | [
{
"psg_id": "1131782",
"text": "out in 1868, and the town saw a brief revival after the arrival of the railroads and the establishment of a post office in the 1880s. At its height in the 1880s, Montana City had 3,000 residents and competed for the location of the state capital. Montana City was almost a gho... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9903902",
"text": "USA Capital Popularly known as USA Capital, hard money lender USA Commercial Mortgage Co.(USACM) was a Las Vegas, Nevada based mortgage broker owned by Tom Hantges, Joe Milanowski which went bankrupt in 2006. Rodney Balinski was also a part of the company, as Tom Hantges' and... | [
"helena"
] |
who succeeded william mckinley as president? | [
{
"psg_id": "463018",
"text": "gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth Party System, which began with the Progressive Era. McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election in a campaign focused on imperialism, protectionism and free silver. His legacy was suddenly cut short when he was sh... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3286124",
"text": "President William McKinley High School President William McKinley High School, more commonly referred to as McKinley High School, is a comprehensive public high school in the Honolulu District of the Hawaii State Department of Education. It serves grades nine through twelve. ... | [
"theodore roosevelt"
] |
where does jamie chung live? | [
{
"psg_id": "11274514",
"text": "the ABC Family television miniseries \"Samurai Girl\". Chung received critical acclaim for her lead performance in the independent drama film about domestic human trafficking, \"Eden\". In 2017, she was cast as the teleporting mutant Clarice Fong/Blink in the superhero drama... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11274524",
"text": "in Santa Barbara, California. The wedding was a three-day celebration consisting of a welcome dinner on Halloween Eve in which guests were required to wear costumes, followed by a wedding ceremony on October 31 in which Chung and Greenberg exchanged non-denominational vows. ... | [
"san francisco"
] |
what george washington carver famous for? | [
{
"psg_id": "12067425",
"text": "Carver Hall Carver Hall is an academic building completed in 1969 at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa to accommodate rapid increases in enrollment. It is named for George Washington Carver, who earned his bachelor's degree from Iowa State University in 1894 and his master... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "168702",
"text": "and has undergone conservation. It is displayed together with several of his other paintings. Carver was featured on U.S. 1948 commemorative stamps. From 1951 to 1954, he was depicted on a commemorative half dollar coin. A second stamp honoring Carver, of face value 32¢, was i... | [
"peanut butter"
] |
where did bronx tale take place? | [
{
"psg_id": "6366808",
"text": "child's body was found a few months later. Bruno Richard Hauptmann was convicted of the murder in 1935 and executed the following year. Saint Raymond's Cemetery (Bronx) Saint Raymond's Cemetery is a Roman Catholic cemetery at 2600 Lafayette Avenue in the Throggs Neck and Schu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10980884",
"text": "Boritt, costumes by William Ivey Long, lighting by Howell Binkley, and sound by Gareth Owen. The cast features Bobby Conte Thornton as Calogero, Nick Cordero as Sonny, Hudson Loverro as Young Calogero with Athan Sporek as his alternate, Richard H. Blake as Lorenzo, Ariana De... | [
"the bronx"
] |
who voices ray in archer? | [
{
"psg_id": "16556667",
"text": "on stun mode. Indeed, stun mode can potentially initiate cardiac arrest, as proven when Archer accidentally shoots Cyril Figgis (Chris Parnell), who is later revived after defibrillation. The trajectory of the shuttle is off course from \"Horizon\", which is later found to b... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13632066",
"text": "titular character, Walter voices Malory Archer, Tyler plays Lana Kane, Greer portrays Cheryl Tunt, Nash plays Pam Poovey, Parnell voices Cyril Figgis, Yates portrays Dr. Algernop Krieger, and Reed plays Ray Gillette. Reed was expected to play the titular role in the original... | [
"adam reed"
] |
what does uvm stand for college? | [
{
"psg_id": "9361199",
"text": "20, 1922 as WCAX under the ownership of the University of Vermont (UVM). In its early years, WCAX largely operated on an experimental basis, and it was not until October 10, 1924 that the station formally signed on. WCAX was run by UVM students, with most of its programming c... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19980606",
"text": "What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series comm... | [
"university of vermont"
] |
who plays edward elric? | [
{
"psg_id": "5670265",
"text": "for the PlayStation 2 – \"Fullmetal Alchemist and the Broken Angel\", \"\" and \"\" – feature exclusive stories in which the Elrics keep searching for the Philosopher's Stone. In the Nintendo DS game, \"Fullmetal Alchemist Dual Sympathy\", he and Alphonse replay the first ani... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5670260",
"text": "while dispatching many of the homunculi, but the Elric Brothers, Izumi, Honenhiem, and Mustang are captured by Father who uses them to absorb the souls of Amestrians to absorb the being beyond the Gate of Truth. But Honenheim and Scar act out their backup plans to return the ... | [
"romi park"
] |
who plays lola bunny on the looney tunes show? | [
{
"psg_id": "4526280",
"text": "Dos and Don'ts.\" During this webtoon, in the form of a fifties educational film, Bugs Bunny attempts to take Lola out on a date, but Elmer Fudd and Lola's disapproving dad (voiced by Tom Kenny) hinder him. She appeared in the last episode of the second season of \"New Looney... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14508848",
"text": "of the show revolves around roommates Bugs and Daffy living in a suburb of Los Angeles with \"colorful neighbors\" and other characters including Lola Bunny, Tina Russo, Porky Pig, Foghorn Leghorn, Elmer Fudd, Sylvester, Tweety, Granny, Gossamer, Yosemite Sam, Speedy Gonzale... | [
"britt mckillip",
"kath soucie"
] |
who did walter raleigh sail for? | [
{
"psg_id": "460871",
"text": "in violation of peace treaties with Spain, and against Raleigh's orders. A condition of Raleigh's pardon was avoidance of any hostility against Spanish colonies or shipping. In the initial attack on the settlement, Raleigh's son, Walter, was fatally shot. Keymis informed Ralei... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15402227",
"text": "of Raleigh by a Cambridge admirer, who is probably Patrick himself. The volume is entitled \"Reliquiæ Raleighanæ, being Discourses and Sermons on several subjects, by the Reverend Dr. Walter Raleigh\". The editor praises Raleigh's quickness of wit, ready elocution, and menta... | [
"england"
] |
what cities are included in maricopa county? | [
{
"psg_id": "891456",
"text": "Maricopa County, Arizona Maricopa County ( ) is a county in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2010 census, its population was 3,817,117, making it the state's most populous county, and the fourth-most populous in the United States. It is more popul... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11679974",
"text": "Maricopa County Sheriff's Office The Maricopa County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) is a local law enforcement agency that serves Maricopa County, Arizona. It has its headquarters at 550 West Jackson Street, Phoenix. It is the largest sheriff's office in Arizona and provides genera... | [
"el mirage",
"cashion",
"gila bend",
"arlington",
"gilbert",
"guadalupe",
"buckeye",
"glendale",
"avondale",
"chandler"
] |
where did frank baum live? | [
{
"psg_id": "15496562",
"text": "home in Fayetteville, New York. Baum scholar Evan I. Schwartz wrote that Maud had \"dark hair, a shapely figure, and eyes as sharp as her mind\". In her youth, Maud went to a boys' high school. Both she and her future husband, L. Frank Baum, attended Syracuse Classical Schoo... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12160330",
"text": "Frank Baum (footballer) Frank Baum (born 30 January 1956) is a retired German footballer, who played as a defender for several German football clubs and the East Germany national football team between 1963 and 1997. Baum spent his youth playing for BSG Aktivist Zwenkau and 1... | [
"syracuse"
] |
what are the places to see in dubai? | [
{
"psg_id": "5335790",
"text": "on the other hand, stays within the old Dubai area. It passes through many historical sites, such as the Dubai Museum, the Gold Souk, the Spice Souk among others. Because of that, many stations near those places are themed on the history of Dubai, with photos depicting the UA... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11012502",
"text": "the Grand Canyon in the United States and the Dead Sea in Israel. The book blends well-known places with rather unknown ones. On March 29, 2007, the Travel Channel and Discovery HD Theater premiered a series based on the book's locations, called \"1,000 Places to See Before ... | [
"mushrif park",
"dubai zoo",
"fish roundabout",
"jumeirah beach",
"dubai international convention centre",
"grand mosque",
"the dubai mall",
"wild wadi water park",
"dubai museum",
"deira clocktower"
] |
where is johnny depp from? | [
{
"psg_id": "797491",
"text": "for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance in the title role in \"\", as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for his portrayal of Captain Jack Sparrow in \"Pirates of the Caribbean: The ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8461818",
"text": "Gay for Johnny Depp Gay for Johnny Depp was a hardcore band formed in New York, USA. Members were: Sid Jagger (Guitar – Real name: Joseph Grillo), Marty Leopard (Vocals – Real name: Arty Shepherd), Chelsea Piers (Bass), JJ Samanen (drums). They were known for the lyrical cont... | [
"owensboro"
] |
where the latin language come from? | [
{
"psg_id": "6997965",
"text": "History of Latin Latin is a member of the broad family of Italic languages. Its alphabet, the Latin alphabet, emerged from the Old Italic alphabets, which in turn were derived from the Greek and Phoenician scripts. Historical Latin came from the prehistoric language of the La... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13273818",
"text": "with Nelson on a half dozen cuts and the long-time Grateful Dead lyricist demonstrates an elegant command of language on the title song, while the band's playing on a close to eight minute track is articulate in its own way... NRPS 2009 can excel when they improvise, as on t... | [
"italic languages",
"indo-european languages"
] |
what does china border? | [
{
"psg_id": "18920203",
"text": "China–Kyrgyzstan border The China-Kyrgyzstan border is 1,063km (660m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Kazakhstan following a roughly south-west line across various mountain ridges and peaks of the Tian Shan range down to the tripoint with Tajikistan. The origins of... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "18917531",
"text": "China–Pakistan border The China-Pakistan border is 438km (272m) and runs west-east from the tripoint with Afghanistan to the disputed tripoint with India in the vicinity of the Siachen Glacier. It traverses the Karakorum Mountains, one of the world's tallest mountain ranges.... | [
"eurasia",
"asia"
] |
where do haitian people come from? | [
{
"psg_id": "6852425",
"text": "factor in the lives of Haitian American youth, particularly among those who aspire towards certain professions such as medicine and law. Many Haitian youth who immigrate have been trained in top Haitian middle schools, high schools, and colleges that prepare them for such pur... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19937218",
"text": "Where Do You Come From \"Where Do You Come From\" is a song first recorded by Elvis Presley as part of the soundtrack for his 1962 motion picture \"Girls! Girls! Girls!\". Later it was rejected from the motion picture and wasn't used in it, but appeared on its soundtrack alb... | [
"haiti"
] |
where is the time zone in kentucky? | [
{
"psg_id": "9561454",
"text": "behind Wake Island Time Zone and 15 hours ahead of North American Eastern Time Zone. Chamorro Standard Time shares the same time as Australian Eastern Standard Time. The Mariana Islands were not part of any time zone legislated by the U.S. Congress until the Chamorro time zon... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2725345",
"text": "at 2:00 a.m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3:00 a.m. EDT leaving a one-hour \"gap\". On the first Sunday in November, at 2:00 a.m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1:00 a.m. EST, thus \"duplicating\" one hour. Southern parts of the zone (Panama and the Caribbean) do not observe da... | [
"north american eastern time zone"
] |
what albums did john frusciante play on? | [
{
"psg_id": "8549036",
"text": "the entirety of John Frusciante's album \"To Record Only Water for Ten Days\" was made into a series of short experimental films directed by Vincent Gallo in 2001. This film was never given any official release, though the videos were shown on MTV2. General Specific John Frus... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1538582",
"text": "Bibliography John Frusciante John Anthony Frusciante (; born March 5, 1970) is an American guitarist, singer, composer, and producer. He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992 and from 1998 until 2009. He recorded fi... | [
"curtains",
"smile from the streets you hold",
"going inside ep",
"from the sounds inside",
"niandra lades and usually just a t-shirt",
"dc ep",
"inside of emptiness",
"to record only water for ten days",
"shadows collide with people",
"demo & acoustic shadows collide with people"
] |
what influenced whitman's poetry? | [
{
"psg_id": "4089067",
"text": "whose major work \"Leaves of Grass\" was first published in 1855, was influenced by transcendentalism. Influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson and the Transcendentalist movement, itself an offshoot of Romanticism, Whitman's poetry praises nature and the individual human's role in i... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "457194",
"text": "group established in 1885 at the home of James William Wallace in Eagle Street, Bolton, to read and discuss the poetry of Whitman. The group subsequently became known as the Bolton Whitman Fellowship or Whitmanites. Its members held an annual 'Whitman Day' celebration around t... | [
"abraham lincoln",
"edgar allan poe",
"georg wilhelm friedrich hegel",
"ralph waldo emerson",
"walter scott",
"oscar wilde"
] |
where did jimmy hoffa live? | [
{
"psg_id": "1877936",
"text": "a pardon agreement with President Richard Nixon; he was released later that year, though barred from union activities until 1980. Hoffa, hoping to regain support and to return to IBT leadership, unsuccessfully attempted to overturn this order. Hoffa vanished in late July 1975... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1877965",
"text": "found when Giants Stadium was demolished in 2010. In the book, \"I Heard You Paint Houses: Frank \"The Irishman\" Sheeran and the Closing of the Case on Jimmy Hoffa\" (2004), author Charles Brandt claims that Frank Sheeran, a professional killer for the mob and longtime frien... | [
"indiana"
] |
where people speak welsh? | [
{
"psg_id": "5300862",
"text": "centuries, following the Roman departure. The term \"Welsh people\" applies to people from Wales and people of Welsh ancestry perceiving themselves or being perceived as sharing a cultural heritage and shared ancestral origins. In 2016, an analysis of the geography of Welsh s... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5300888",
"text": "However, a large number of Welsh speakers are more comfortable expressing themselves in Welsh than in English. Some prefer to speak English in South Wales or the urbanised areas and Welsh in the North or in rural areas. A speaker's choice of language can vary according to the... | [
"united kingdom"
] |
what children's books did suzanne collins wrote? | [
{
"psg_id": "7233100",
"text": "Isabel. Suzanne Collins Suzanne Collins (born August 10, 1962) is an American television writer and author, best known as the author of \"The New York Times\" best selling series \"The Underland Chronicles\" and \"The Hunger Games\" trilogy (which consists of \"The Hunger Gam... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6139643",
"text": "of her husband. The Collinses have also established a scholarship named the Suzanne Marie Collins Perpetual Scholarship, first awarded in 1996. Murder of Suzanne Marie Collins Suzanne Marie Collins was a U. S. Marine Corps Lance Corporal who was tortured, raped and murdered b... | [
"gregor and the prophecy of bane",
"gregor and the marks of secret",
"fire proof",
"gregor and the code of claw",
"the underland chronicles book three",
"when charlie mcbutton lost power",
"gregor and the curse of the warmbloods",
"catching fire",
"12",
"gregor the overlander"
] |
what state obama was born? | [
{
"psg_id": "8058531",
"text": "born in 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii (which had become a U.S. state in 1959). His mother was a U.S. citizen and his father was a British subject from British Kenya. Before and after the 2008 presidential election, arguments were made that Obama was not a natural-born citizen. On ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12772930",
"text": "\"Barry\" rather than \"Barack\"; and that Barack Obama Sr. was not his biological father, as well as the rumor that Barack Obama was not a natural-born citizen. In August 2008, Philip J. Berg, a former member of the Democratic State Committee of Pennsylvania, brought an uns... | [
"hawaii"
] |
who plays bella on twilight? | [
{
"psg_id": "12570888",
"text": "star Kristen Stewart, who plays Bella Swan. The soundtrack won a 2009 American Music Award for Favorite Soundtrack. The CD booklet on the physical CD folds out into one of four \"Twilight\" posters. Hot Topic locations across the United States hosted exclusive \"Twilight\" s... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9397044",
"text": "and discovers her worth \"by giving up her identity and throwing away nearly everything in life that matters.\" Bella Swan was often compared to Katniss Everdeen on the publication of \"The Hunger Games\". Bella Swan Isabella Marie \"Bella\" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is a cha... | [
"kristen stewart"
] |
where did gettysburg start? | [
{
"psg_id": "1181019",
"text": "age 65 or over. Gettysburg, Ohio Gettysburg is a village in Darke County, Ohio, United States. The population was 513 at the 2010 census. Gettysburg was founded by natives of Adams County, Pennsylvania in the late 1820s. When the settlement was platted in 1842, the community ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5128870",
"text": "the amount of the federally-owned GNMP land failed in Congress. The Park has been a highly symbolic venue for memorials and remembrance. On November 19, 1963 a parade and ceremony was held in Gettysburg commemorating the centennial of President Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, g... | [
"united states of america"
] |
who does cristiano ronaldo play for in 2010? | [
{
"psg_id": "20951830",
"text": "Transfer of Cristiano Ronaldo from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. Cristiano Ronaldo was transferred from Real Madrid C.F. to Juventus F.C. on 10 July 2018. Worth €100 million, the transfer was the highest ever for a player over 30 years old, and the highest ever paid by a... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3048741",
"text": "Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Italian club Juventus and captains the Portugal national team. Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many ... | [
"real madrid c.f."
] |
what is the currency of germany in 2010? | [
{
"psg_id": "2204686",
"text": "Germany was reunified in 1990. The German mark was replaced by the euro, first as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, at a conversion rate of 1.95583 marks per euro. Thereafter, the mark-denominated notes and coins represented the euro at that conversion rate, and remai... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13603920",
"text": "state. As such, Germany hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011. Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 Germany is the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 winner, which was held in May 2010 in Bærum, Norway. The country's entry was selected in a series of competitive heats and... | [
"euro"
] |
what to do in daytona? | [
{
"psg_id": "7367289",
"text": "the race and by the early 1970s, the Daytona 200 attracted the largest crowds of any AMA race and the event took on international prominence. The race became the centerpiece of what became known as Daytona Beach Bike Week, featuring motorcycle competitions besides road racing... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6988633",
"text": "Amazon.co.uk, \"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \"What Do I Have to Do?\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who brief... | [
"daytona 500 experience",
"jackie robinson ballpark",
"daytona international speedway",
"mary mcleod bethune home",
"daytona beach bike week",
"museum of arts and sciences",
"halifax historical museum",
"daytona lagoon",
"ocean center",
"south beach street historic district"
] |
who does paul walker play in fast and furious? | [
{
"psg_id": "2436106",
"text": "2 Fast 2 Furious 2 Fast 2 Furious (alternatively known as The Fast and the Furious 2 or Fast & Furious 2) is a 2003 American action thriller film directed by John Singleton, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Michael Brandt and Derek Haas. It is the second installment ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15608649",
"text": "postponed to April 3, 2015. Fast & Furious 6 Fast & Furious 6 (alternatively known as Furious 6 or Fast Six) is a 2013 American action film directed by Justin Lin and written by Chris Morgan. It is the sixth installment in \"The Fast and the Furious\" franchise. The film sta... | [
"brian o'conner"
] |
who was the vice president during george w bush? | [
{
"psg_id": "3705447",
"text": "Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration The foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 2001 to 2009 while George W. Bush was president. Bush's main foreign policy advisors were Secretaries of State Colin Po... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "150882",
"text": "George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924November 30, 2018) was an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. Prior to assuming the presidency, Bush served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States from ... | [
"dick cheney"
] |
what currency do italy have? | [
{
"psg_id": "69242",
"text": "currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pe... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6988633",
"text": "Amazon.co.uk, \"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \"What Do I Have to Do?\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who brief... | [
"euro"
] |
what are spanish speaking countries and their capitals? | [
{
"psg_id": "6638247",
"text": "Portuguese-speaking African countries The Portuguese-speaking African countries (also referred to as Lusophone Africa) consist of six African countries in which the Portuguese language is an official language: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Prínci... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14459318",
"text": "Ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures There are many stories of ghosts in Spanish-speaking cultures. The Spanish language is second only in number of native speakers to Mandarin Chinese, the tongue of over 360 million people. Ghost stories exist throughout Spanish-speaking Ame... | [
"honduras",
"uruguay",
"el salvador",
"panama",
"equatorial guinea",
"andorra",
"guatemala",
"puerto rico",
"paraguay",
"belize"
] |
what language does people from denmark speak? | [
{
"psg_id": "9250865",
"text": "of Danes report being able to speak conversational German). The third most widely understood foreign language is Swedish, with 13% of Danes reporting to be able to speak it. Faroese, a North Germanic language like Danish, is the primary language of the Faroe Islands, a self-g... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9250867",
"text": "as a system of libraries throughout South Jutland. It also operates a German high school located in Aabenraa (German: Apenrade). Beside this there are also 28,584 immigrants from Germany in Denmark in 2012. Greenlandic is the main language of the 54,000 Greenlanders living in... | [
"greenlandic language",
"faroese",
"german language",
"danish language"
] |
what did susan atkins die of? | [
{
"psg_id": "2722549",
"text": "death, a period exactly one week short of 40 years. At the time of her death, Atkins was California's longest-serving female inmate. Born in San Gabriel, California, the second of three children, Susan Atkins grew up in northern California. According to her, her parents, Jean... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2722580",
"text": "heard the case (as well as other agenda items), it retired to closed session for final deliberations. Due to her failing health, Atkins herself did not attend the hearing. Debra Tate, the only surviving immediate relative of murder victim Sharon Tate, spoke in opposition to a... | [
"brain tumor",
"cancer"
] |
what type of currency does brazil use? | [
{
"psg_id": "9850127",
"text": "without any initial plans to establish a common currency. Later, in 1994, Brazil established the Brazilian real, still in use, putting an end to the frequent currency changes that took place in the country throughout the 1980s and the 1990s. On such panorama, the Gaucho plan ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9850126",
"text": "Gaucho (currency) The Gaucho was the name of a currency intended to be used by Argentina and Brazil in the context of the Argentina-Brazil Integration and Economics Cooperation Program or PICE (Spanish: Programa de Integración y Cooperación Económica Argentina-Brasil) to make... | [
"brazilian real"
] |
who plays tommy oliver in power rangers? | [
{
"psg_id": "2540954",
"text": "Dino Rangers. According to S.P.D. Red Ranger Jack Landors, Tommy's services as a Power Ranger are well known in the future. In this episode, Jason David Frank didn't reprise his role as Tommy Oliver, and as such only appears morphed. He was instead voiced by Jeffrey Parazzo, ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2540919",
"text": "Tommy Oliver Thomas \"Tommy\" Oliver is a fictional character from the universe of the American live action television franchise \"Power Rangers\". He is best known as being the original Green Ranger of the original Power Rangers team. He is a main character in the \"Mighty M... | [
"jason david frank"
] |
what country did marco polo come from? | [
{
"psg_id": "255833",
"text": "is named after the explorer, who described it during his crossing of Pamir (ancient Mount Imeon) in 1271. In 1851, a three-masted Clipper built in Saint John, New Brunswick also took his name; the \"Marco Polo\" was the first ship to sail around the world in under six months. ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15832704",
"text": "adequate linguistic competence and research methodology ... and her major arguments cannot withstand close scrutiny. Her conclusion fails to consider all the evidence supporting Marco Polo's credibility.\" Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 boo... | [
"venice"
] |
what were hitler's parents names? | [
{
"psg_id": "2866528",
"text": "an elderly female relative of Alois Hitler's first wife, Anna, who has also given up any rights to the rented burial plot. The plot was covered in white gravel and a tree which has since been removed. It is not known whether the remains of Adolf Hitler's parents are still int... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1619823",
"text": "1939 with the \"Jugenddienstpflicht\" (Youth Service Duty), which conscripted all German youths into the Hitler Youth—even if the parents objected. Parents who refused to allow their children to join were subject to an investigation by the authorities. From then on, the vast ... | [
"alois hitler",
"klara hitler"
] |
when was the first pope of the catholic church? | [
{
"psg_id": "12174255",
"text": "Council of Trent four centuries before. According to Catholic tradition, the Catholic Church was founded by Jesus Christ. The New Testament records Jesus' activities and teaching, his appointment of the twelve Apostles, and his instructions to them to continue his work. The ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2447500",
"text": "to refer to the Pope, and belief that he can make infallible pronouncements have been subject to criticism by other Christian denominations. In Catholic theology, papal infallibility is the dogma that the Pope is preserved from error when he solemnly promulgated, or declared,... | [
"paul the apostle",
"saint peter"
] |
what did amerigo vespucci explore? | [
{
"psg_id": "21618",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci (; ; March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. Born in the Republic of Florence, he became a naturalized citizen of the Crown of Castile in 1505. Vespucci first demonstrated in about 1502 th... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "21619",
"text": "first name. Amerigo Vespucci was born and raised in Florence on the Italian Peninsula. He was the third son of Ser Nastagio (Anastasio) Vespucci, a Florentine notary, and Lisabetta Mini. The father of Ser Nastagio (Anastasio) Vespucci had the name Amerigo Vespucci also. His fam... | [
"americas"
] |
where did patrick henry live? | [
{
"psg_id": "1620440",
"text": "and men for their gallant conduct during the two-day battle. \"Patrick Henry\" was also present during some of \"Virginia\"'s other actions. In a daring night operation on 5 May 1862, she helped remove Confederate property from the Norfolk Navy Yard before it was abandoned to... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "827858",
"text": "opened in 1949, the airport was called Patrick Henry Field, and was later renamed Patrick Henry International Airport, a name it retained until 1990. The airport code is still PHF. Patrick Henry has been honored twice on U.S. postage stamps. On October 7, 1955, the United Stat... | [
"virginia"
] |
where is spain located what continent? | [
{
"psg_id": "12539118",
"text": "in Latin American countries, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Greece, where they are taught as a single continent. The criterion of a discrete landmass is completely disregarded if the continuous landmass of Eurasia is classified as two separate continents: Europe and Asia... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5758747",
"text": "out of reach. Those \"familiar with his preoccupation, themes, images, figures of speech … may assume that the 'what where' question is a kind of Oedipus' riddle and that the answer to it cannot be found, despite an obligation to ask the question.\" Rather than simply \"What?... | [
"europe"
] |
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