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test_900
|
when is star vs the forces of evil coming back 2018?
|
n/a
|
[
"March 3, 2018"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
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n/a
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[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4692286",
"chunk_text": "\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\non September 11, 2018. The series is to receive a series of Pop! vinyl figures from Funko, consisting of Star, Marco, Tom, and Ludo, on December 20, 2018. Star vs. the Forces of Evil Star vs. the Forces of Evil is an American animated television series created by Daron Nefcy and developed by Jordana Arkin and Dave Wasson, which airs on Disney XD. The first Disney XD series created by a woman, and the third overall for Disney Television Animation (following \"\"Pepper Ann\"\" and \"\"Doc McStuffins\"\"), it follows the adventures of Star Butterfly (voiced by Eden Sher), the turbulent young",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5440220",
"chunk_text": "\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\nsound and relating it to indie rock in Los Angeles. The show was initially scheduled to premiere on Disney Channel after being greenlighted in March 2013, for a premiere in the Fall of 2014, before being switched over to Disney XD. However, on February 23, 2018, it was announced that the show would be moving to Disney Channel for its fourth season. The show's title sequence was promoted at Comic-Con 2014 six months prior to its scheduled broadcast premiere. As a result, the footage was uploaded by fans to YouTube who then started generating fan art and fan fiction. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4692279",
"chunk_text": "\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\n\"\"The Battle for Mewni\"\" and consisted of the first four episodes. A live chat featuring Star and Marco was aired on Disney XD on July 17. The remaining third-season episodes started airing on November 6, 2017. A fourth season was also ordered ahead of the third season premiere. \"\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\" premiered in Canada on the DHX-owned Disney XD on April 6, 2015, and was later moved to the Corus-owned Disney XD on December 1. The series premiered on Disney XD channels in the United Kingdom and Ireland on April 16, 2015, in Australia on August 3,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4692278",
"chunk_text": "\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\nfirst episode premiered on Disney Channel in January 2015. The positive reaction on social media prompted Disney XD to order a second season of the series in February 2015, six weeks ahead of its launch of the series on Disney XD in March. Disney sitcom actors Olivia Holt and Kelli Berglund participated in promoting the series the weeks before its Disney XD premiere, with Holt dressing up as Star. The second season premiered on July 11, 2016, The show's third season was ordered ahead in March 2016. It premiered on July 15, 2017 with a two-hour long television movie entitled",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5440204",
"chunk_text": "\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\nand Marco Diaz (Adam McArthur), a human teenager who becomes her roommate and best friend, as they live their daily lives, and go on adventures in other dimensions. \"\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\" typically follows a format of two 11-minutes long independent \"\"segments\"\" per episode. The first episode aired on January 18, 2015 on Disney XD and became the most-watched animated series debut in Disney XD’s history. The fourth season is to premiere in 2019. Star Butterfly is a magical princess from the dimension of Mewni, and the heir to the royal throne of the Butterfly Kingdom. As per",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20707521",
"chunk_text": "\"Freedom Fighters: The Ray\"\nappearance in the animated series line up more with the way Russell actually looks. There was just no way to turn those kind of changes around and release it before the crossover. It was just more important to have Russell's voice in the series than it was to get it out early\"\". \"\"Freedom Fighters: The Ray\"\" premiered on CW Seed on December 8, 2017, releasing the first six episodes of the series. The next six episodes, marketed as the second season, was released on July 18, 2018, after debuting at the 2018 San Diego Comic-Con. In June 2018, it was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15537303",
"chunk_text": "\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\nand in the Middle East and Africa on October 5. It also premiered on November 8 on Disney Channel in Southeast Asia. The series premiered on March 6, 2016, as \"\"Star Butterfly\"\" in French on Disney La Chaîne in Canada. The show premiered on November 2 on Disney XD in Italy, and on Disney Channel on November 2, 2016. \"\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\" has received positive reviews by critics. Kevin Johnson of \"\"The A.V. Club\"\" gave the pilot episode a B+, saying that the show was something children could have a lot of fun with, noting how the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8062829",
"chunk_text": "\"Future Card Buddyfight\"\nwas followed by \"\"Future Card Buddyfight X: All-Star Fight\"\" which ran from April 7, 2018 to May 26, 2018. \"\"Future Card Buddyfight X: All-Star Fight\"\" was followed by \"\"Future Card Buddyfight Ace\"\" (Future Card Shin Buddyfight) on June 2, 2018. The TV animation was released in Japan on TV Tokyo and affiliates on January 4, 2014, with the animation done by OLM, Inc. Bushiroad simulcasts an English dub in Singapore, Malaysia, and in North America through YouTube, Hulu, and Crunchyroll. Canada's Teletoon aired the English dub from January 8, 2015 to September 7, 2015. It returned to Teletoon from October",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18488992",
"chunk_text": "\"Record of Grancrest War\"\nwhich was later confirmed to be a television series in May 2017. The anime series is directed by Mamoru Hatakeyama at A-1 Pictures and written by WriteWorks, with series creator Ryō Mizuno and Shunsaku Yanō handled the series composition, Hiroshi Yakō designed the characters, Yoshikazu Iwanami handled the sound direction and Yugo Kanno composed the music. It aired from January 6, 2018 to June 23, 2018 on Tokyo MX and other networks. The series ran for 24 episodes. The first opening theme is \"\"Starry\"\" by Mashiro Ayano, and the ending theme is \"\"Pledge\"\" by Asca. The second opening theme is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9198619",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Rebels\"\n\"\"Star Wars\"\" Celebration, it was announced the fourth season would be its last: it premiered on October 16, 2017, with another one-hour television film, \"\"Heroes of Mandalore\"\", and its final episode aired on March 5, 2018. Dave Filoni, Simon Kinberg and Greg Weisman served as executive producers of season one. Weisman left the show after season one. Filoni was also the Supervising Director for the first two seasons, a role he relinquished after accepting a promotion that expanded his creative role into overseeing all Lucasfilm Animation projects; he chose Justin Ridge to succeed him for season three. The series has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12616624",
"chunk_text": "\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\non June 15, 2018, and consisted of 7 episodes. The seventh season premiered on August 10, 2018, and consisted of 13 episodes. The eighth and final season premiered on December 14, 2018, and consisted of 13 episodes. \"\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\" has received critical acclaim. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating for the first season, based on 11 reviews, with Critic Consensus being that \"\"\"\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\" honors its source material with beautifully expressive animation and impactful action.\"\" In reviewing the first season, Max Nicholson of \"\"IGN\"\" wrote, “DreamWork’s \"\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\" delivers exactly the kind",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9267859",
"chunk_text": "\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\nof 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes. The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. A seventh season premiered on August 10, 2018 and consists of thirteen episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. The eighth and final season premiered on December 14, 2018, and consists of thirteen episodes. For millennia, the Galra Empire has plagued the universe by destroying other civilizations and enslaving various races.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14210345",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Heroes\"\nMarch 2017, when it was relaunched as . Nagayama also drew . Serialized in \"\"Saikyō Jump\"\" since August 5, 2016, its first collected volume was published on May 2, 2017 and its second on May 2, 2018. The series was relaunched as on April 6, 2018 and is serialized alongside \"\"Ultimate Charisma Mission!!\"\". In May 2018, \"\"V Jump\"\" announced a promotional anime for \"\"Super Dragon Ball Heroes\"\" that will adapt the game's Prison Planet arc. A teaser trailer for the first episode was released on June 21, 2018 and shows the new characters and , an evil Saiyan. The first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15002695",
"chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Titans Return\"\nby a weekly release of new episodes every Tuesday. For international viewers, the first two episodes were released on January 9, 2018 on Machinima's official YouTube channel (as well as Hasbro's, but their uploads were since privatized), and all remaining episodes later appeared on YouTube on January 23, 2018. A third and final web series for the Prime Wars Trilogy titled \"\"\"\" was released from May 1, to July 3, 2018. Mark Hamill, Ron Perlman, Mikey Way, Jaime King, Gregg Berger and Samoa Joe lent their voices to Megatronus / The Fallen, Optimus Primal, Snarl, Solus Prime, Grimlock and Predaking",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9327220",
"chunk_text": "\"Big Hero 6: The Series\"\n20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \"\"Kim Possible\"\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16850232",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle Angel Alita\"\nThe film is scheduled for release on July 20, 2018. On February 7, 2017, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" reports that Jennifer Connelly will be joining the cast as one of the villains. On December 8, 2017, the first trailer for \"\"Battle Angel\"\" was released to the public. It was reported by JoBlo.com in February 2018, that the film was delayed to December 21, 2018. In late September 2018, it was announced that the film was delayed again, to February 14, 2019, in order to allow “more room to grow in the box office”, as well as avoiding competition with WB’s \"\"Aquaman\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17545601",
"chunk_text": "\"Blood Blockade Battlefront\"\nseason aired from October 7, 2017 to December 24, 2017, running for 12 episodes. A 24-minute original animation DVD was bundled with the fifth volume of the \"\"Blood Blockade Battlefront Back 2 Back\"\" manga which was released on July 4, 2018, with Shigehito Takayanagi and Bones returning from the second season of the anime series to direct and animate the OAD, respectively. Reception to the manga series of \"\"Blood Blockade Battlefront\"\" received generally good critical response. Dustin Cabeal from Comic Bastards said \"\"The writing is strong and the dialogue is very sharp.\"\" He also praised Nightow's art calling it \"\"unique.\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20528607",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Blazers: Space Battleship Yamato 2202\"\ntrailer of the film with the song \"\"From Yamato with Love\"\" and followed with the 12-minute preview stream of the first chapter. The second film was released on June 24, 2017 the third released on October 14, 2017, while the fourth film is released on January 27, 2018. The fifth film was released on May 25, 2018; the sixth film on November 2, 2018 and the seventh and final film will be released on March 1, 2019. As with the first series, \"\"Space Battleship Yamato 2199\"\", Voyager Entertainment and Funimation both licensed the series in North American territories, which commenced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19551857",
"chunk_text": "\"Outlaw Star\"\ntheir current Toonami block starting on Saturday August 19, 2017 and concluded on March 17, 2018. This time, the show aired with much fewer edits and included the TV premiere of Episode 23. The opening theme and the two closing themes of \"\"Outlaw Star\"\" were published in Japan in 1998 as CD singles by Victor Entertainment and JVC respectively. Victor Entertainment published a two-volume original soundtrack for the series on March 31, 1998, and June 24, 1998. The CDs consist of a total of 61 background and vocal music tracks. Another two-disc album containing several drama tracks, , was released",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15015057",
"chunk_text": "\"Kill la Kill\"\non July 5–8, 2018. \"\"Kill la Kill\"\" was well received by critics. Eliot Gay of \"\"Japanator\"\" called the \"\"uniquely fun, even gripping\"\" series \"\"a reminder of how fun and creative anime can be at its best\"\", despite the readily apparent budget constraints. Kat Bailey of IGN, describing the series as \"\"magical girl anime on speed\"\", noted that its over-the-top absurdity was part of its charm. Joseph Luster of \"\"Otaku USA\"\" described the series's concept as \"\"mostly straightforward setup for revenge and shonen-style 'stronger! STRONGER!' battle progression\"\", but praised its execution. Richard Eisenbeis of \"\"Kotaku\"\" appreciated the series for \"\"perfectly mixing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9430835",
"chunk_text": "Voltron\nthird season premiered on Netflix on August 4, 2017, and consisted of 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes.[5] The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. The 7th season premiered August 10th 2018 and consists of 13 episodes. The 8th and final season is set to release on December 14th, 2018 and will consist of 13 episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. In Australia, DVDs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12616623",
"chunk_text": "\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\n2017. The second season saw a special premiere at the New York Comic Con in October 7, 2016, where an episode was shown at the \"\"Voltron\"\" panel. The second season premiered on Netflix on January 20, 2017, and consisted of 13 episodes. The third season premiered on Netflix on August 4, 2017, and consisted of 7 episodes. The fourth season premiered on October 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The series was revealed at WonderCon 2017 to have a 78-episode commitment from Netflix. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consisted of 6 episodes. The sixth season premiered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20963024",
"chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 3)\"\n\"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\" on November 28. The third season began airing on October 10, 2017 on The CW in the United States, and concluded on April 9, 2018. The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late April 2018, soon after the season finale aired. It was released on Blu-Ray on September 25, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 8.27/10 based on 13 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"\"\"DC's Legends of Tomorrow\"\" lightens up the tone in its third season while spotlighting adventurous plots and a distinct",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8247308",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Forces of Destiny\"\non July 9, Disney announced via Twitter that only two episodes were going to be broadcast. A second set of eight episodes was released in October 2017. It was subsequently announced that episodes will air in two half-hour specials on Disney Channel on October 1 and October 29. Each episode is written by Jennifer Muro and directed by Brad Rau. A second season of fifteen additional episodes was announced in September 2017. The episodes were released on March 19, 2018 online and aired on Disney Channel on March 25, 2018. A series of youth books will initially adapt the episodes.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5263648",
"chunk_text": "\"Twin Star Exorcists\"\nEnglish dub. Part 1 (Episodes 1-13) has been released on July 24, 2018 with a collector's box to store the later three parts, and Part 2 (Episodes 14-26) on September 18, 2018. Part 3 (Episodes 27-40) will be released on November 13, 2018, and Part 4 (Episodes 41-50) on January 8, 2019. Chinese streaming site iQiyi has listed the series with fifty episodes. The anime is licensed in North America by Crunchyroll (with home video distribution from Funimation) and in the UK by Anime Limited. Yoshiaki Sukeno began serializing the manga in Shueisha's \"\"Jump Square\"\" magazine on October 4, 2013.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15002693",
"chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Titans Return\"\nTransformers: Titans Return Transformers: Titans Return is an Internet-based animated series created by Adam Beechen and F.J. DeSanto, and produced by Machinima, Inc. and Tatsunoko Production, in partnership with Hasbro Studios. Based on the Transformers franchise, it is the sequel to \"\"\"\" and the second installment of the . It was released for the U.S. audience on November 14, 2017 on go90, and later for the international audience on January 9, 2018 on YouTube. After the ended, Cybertron started to be rebuilt. However, an undead Starscream has been reincarnated as Trypticon, wreaking havoc around him. To combat this menace, Windblade",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15002696",
"chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Titans Return\"\nrespectively. Transformers: Titans Return Transformers: Titans Return is an Internet-based animated series created by Adam Beechen and F.J. DeSanto, and produced by Machinima, Inc. and Tatsunoko Production, in partnership with Hasbro Studios. Based on the Transformers franchise, it is the sequel to \"\"\"\" and the second installment of the . It was released for the U.S. audience on November 14, 2017 on go90, and later for the international audience on January 9, 2018 on YouTube. After the ended, Cybertron started to be rebuilt. However, an undead Starscream has been reincarnated as Trypticon, wreaking havoc around him. To combat this menace,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15021177",
"chunk_text": "\"Transformers: Cyberverse\"\nApp on August 27, 2018 and debuting on television on September 1, 2018; starting with the third episode, subsequent episodes are released in advance on Fridays on the Cartoon Network App before the television broadcast. In Canada, the series premiered on Teletoon on September 16, 2018 and YTV on September 28, 2018. Internationally, the series premiered on RTL 7 in the Netherlands on September 2, 2018, on Cartoon Network on September 29, 2018 in Australia, October 2, 2018 in Latin America, October 27, 2018 in India, Central and Eastern Europe, and the United Kingdom, and on Gulli on October 7,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8168323",
"chunk_text": "\"Thunder Force IV\"\n\"\"Thunder Force III\"\"). This version improved on the original by eliminating sluggish frame rate issues, adding an easier mode which gives the player bonus defensive abilities, as well as adding the fighter from \"\"Thunder Force III\"\" as a secret playable ship. In 2016, Sega acquired the rights to the \"\"Thunder Force\"\" series, and announced they were looking to revive \"\"Thunder Force IV\"\". Two years later, in 2018, they announced a rerelease of \"\"Thunder Force IV\"\" along with other Sega games for the Nintendo Switch under the \"\"Sega Ages\"\" brand. The game was released on September 20, 2018 along with \"\"Sonic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7150931",
"chunk_text": "\"Stan Against Evil\"\nsheriff to defend the town from the supernatural. On February 22, 2016, the series was picked up for an eight episode first season, which began filming in June 2016 in Atlanta, and premiered on October 31, 2016, on IFC. On December 13, 2016, IFC renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on November 1, 2017. In January 2018, it was announced that IFC had renewed the series for a third season. The third season premiered on October 31, 2018. On Rotten Tomatoes the first season has a 67% approval rating with an average rating of 5.24/10 based on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9198630",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Rebels\"\nin early 2018. The first issue was released on February 14, 2018, with new issues being released over the following five months. A few days after the series finale was aired, IDW Publishing released the seventh issue of the long-running \"\"Star Wars Adventures\"\" multi-era comic book series, which contained the first of a two-part comic arc, set between the second and third season, in which the Spectres embark on a mission to save a rare endangered bird from Imperial custody. The second part appeared in the next issue, which was released on March 28, 2018. A side-scrolling run-and-gun game based",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9094766",
"chunk_text": "\"Star (TV series)\"\ntrans major character in a scripted television drama series in America, after Laverne Cox on \"\"Orange is the New Black\"\" and Jamie Clayton on \"\"Sense8\"\". On February 22, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 27, 2017 and crossed over with other Fox series \"\"Empire\"\". On May 10, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a third season. Season 3 premiered on September 26, 2018 and airs on Fox Wednesdays at 9:00 PM. Internationally, new episodes premiere on Netflix in Canada the following Thursday. Star Davis, a teenage orphan, leaves foster care to save her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15537307",
"chunk_text": "\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\nin June 2015. A comic book series titled \"\"Deep Trouble\"\" was written by storyboarder Zach Marcus and illustrated by character designer Devin Taylor, both of whom are part of the \"\"Star\"\" crew. They have been released monthly by Joe Books starting in September 2016. A \"\"Cinestory\"\" comic was also developed and released. The book \"\"Star and Marco's Guide to Mastering Every Dimension\"\", authored by Amber Benson and supervising producer Dominic Bisignano, was released on March 7, 2017. Another book for the series, titled \"\"The Book of Spells\"\", authored by the show's creator, Daron Nefcy, alongside Benson and Bisignano, was published",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3636413",
"chunk_text": "\"Graphic India\"\n\"\"\"\". The first season aired on Amazon Prime Video from 19 April 2017 to 11 August 2017. All episodes of season 2 were released on 16 February 2018. All season 3 episodes were released on 28 April 2018. Astra Force is an Indian animated superhero television series created in collaboration with Amitabh Bachchan that aired on Disney Channel. The series revolves around a cosmic superhero called Astra who is awakened from hibernation by two children, twins Neal and Tara, who also gain superpowers and then the three of then together form the titular super-team, Astra Force. Astra Force is an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12526048",
"chunk_text": "\"Revue Starlight\"\nserialization in Bushiroad's \"\"Monthly Bushiroad\"\" magazine from January 6, 2018. A third manga written by Kanata Nakamura and illustrated by Sora Goto, , began serialization in ASCII Media Works' \"\"Dengeki G's Comic\"\" magazine from January 30, 2018. A 12-episode anime television series by Kinema Citrus aired in Japan between July 12 and September 27, 2018. The series is directed by Tomohiro Furukawa with series composition by Tatsuto Higuchi and character design by Hiroyuki Saita. The series will release on three Blu-ray Disc/DVD volumes, each containing additional original video animation shorts, between October 24, 2018 and February 27, 2019. The opening",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2980391",
"chunk_text": "\"Mega Man: Fully Charged\"\nbased on the series. At the 2018 Licensing Expo, DHX Media's promotion for the series listed the series under the new title \"\"Mega Man: Fully Charged\"\". The show held its premiere at the 2018 San Diego Comic-Con on July 20. The series officially debuted on television in the United States on August 5, 2018, with the first 10 episodes available through on-demand platforms on August 3. Reruns began airing on Boomerang in the United States beginning August 12. The series was removed from both channels' schedules after 10 weeks. The Canadian Family Chrgd broadcast began on September 8, 2018. It",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13616420",
"chunk_text": "\"Ash vs Evil Dead\"\nin mid-2016, producer Robert Tapert stated that the rights issue had been solved and that references to \"\"Army of Darkness\"\" would appear from season two onward. It was announced on April 20, 2018 that \"\"Ash vs Evil Dead\"\" had been cancelled after a three-season run, with the last episode airing on April 29, 2018. Towards the end of the third season, ratings had declined from the initial 437,000 same-day viewers of the first season to around 175,000 non-DVR viewers. According to \"\"Variety\"\", at the time of the eighth episode of the third season's airing, the show averaged a 0.08 rating",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2199441",
"chunk_text": "\"Strike Back (TV series)\"\non 31 October 2017 on Sky1 in the UK, and in the US on Cinemax in 2018. On 27 March 2018, \"\"Strike Back\"\" was renewed for a seventh series titled \"\"\"\". Filming commenced in late 2018, with a release date of January 25th, 2019. Ratings for \"\"Strike Back\"\" were relatively high for the original networks. The Sky1 premiere was viewed by almost 400,000 viewers (according to overnight figures), tripling the average audience share for the channel's time slot after three months. \"\"Project Dawn\"\" premiered to over 600,000. The Cinemax premiere saw the network's best ratings since 2005. The first five",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2419973",
"chunk_text": "\"Raven's Home\"\na musical episode of the series would premiere on October 12, 2018. Following a silent renewal, on November 28, 2018, it was announced that Eunetta T. Boone would be taking over as showrunner and executive producer for the third season. The world premiere of \"\"Raven's Home\"\" aired immediately after the premiere of \"\"Descendants 2\"\" on the Disney Channel on July 21, 2017. The first season concluded on October 20, 2017. The second season premiered on June 25, 2018. \"\"Raven's Home\"\" has received positive reviews. Writing for \"\"The Post\"\", Georgia Davis appreciated the pilot for \"\"maintain[ing] the charm and energy\"\" of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11850254",
"chunk_text": "Mysticons\nfirst DVD volume in Canada containing episodes 1-6 on June 19, 2018, under the name \"\"New Heroes Rise.\"\" Mysticons Mysticons is an American-Canadian animated television series that premiered on August 28, 2017. The show is a collaboration between companies Nelvana Limited, Playmates Toys, and The Topps Company. The show was created by Sean Jara, who is also the executive story editor and producer. It was originally aimed at boys but switched its focus to girls aged 6 to 11, as per Nickelodeon's preference during the development process. In August 2018, Jara confirmed on Twitter that \"\"Mysticons\"\" was not renewed for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5471912",
"chunk_text": "\"Garo: Vanishing Line\"\nLuke and Gina, they work together to solve the mystery. Their journey takes them to the magical city of \"\"El Dorado\"\" ruled by the enigmatic \"\"King\"\" who is protected by the Makai entities, Bishop, Knight and Queen. On August 13, it was announced that an original anime television series aired from October 6, 2017 to March 30, 2018, on TV Tokyo. The first opening theme \"\"EMG\"\" is performed by JAM Project, while the ending theme \"\"Sophia\"\" is performed by Masami Okui. The second opening theme is \"\"Howling Sword\"\" by Shuhei Kita, and the ending theme is \"\"Promise\"\" by Chihiro Yonekura.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12822098",
"chunk_text": "\"My Hero Academia\"\nannounced in the 44th issue of \"\"Weekly Shōnen Jump\"\" magazine of 2018. This was later confirmed with the airing of the final episode to season three on September 29, 2018. On December 19, 2018, the \"\"My Hero Academia\"\" website confirmed a release date of October 2019, along with a key visual. An anime film was announced in December 2017 and features an original story set after the manga's \"\"Final Exam\"\" arc. Titled , the film had its world premiere at Anime Expo on July 5, 2018, and the Japanese theatrical release began screening on August 3, 2018, with the staff",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12872892",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars (Indian TV series)\"\n18 February 2018, with 8 new Television and Film artist. The second season hosted by Vikiram and Abi. The Series was released on 5 November 2017 on Sun TV, the show also airs on Sun TV HD. The Show was also broadcast internationally on Channel's international distribution. Star Wars (Indian TV series) Star Wars () is a 2017-2018 Indian-Tamil language Celebrity Couples stunt/dare reality-comedy game show, based on the American Fear Factor. That airs on Sun TV from 5 November 2017 to 17 June 2018 on every Sunday at 12:00PM (IST) for 32 Episodes. The Contestants of is popular Television",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12788341",
"chunk_text": "\"Evil or Live\"\navailable for streaming on Crunchyroll. Evil or Live Young men and women are experiencing \"\"net addiction\"\", a condition which manifests as a series of negative emotions and which in turn causes them to withdraw further into the Internet and electronic devices. 17-year-old Hibiki has been involuntarily enrolled in a rehabilitation facility called the Elite Reeducation Academy, but the place is little more than a strict prison for Hibiki and others like him. The series started airing on Tokyo MX on October 10, 2017 for a total of 12 episodes, ending its broadcast on January 2, 2018. The opening theme is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14628839",
"chunk_text": "\"Alita: Battle Angel\"\nsoundtrack titled \"\"Swan Song\"\". The film is scheduled to be released by 20th Century Fox on February 14, 2019, and will be screened in IMAX theaters. The film was originally set to be released on July 20, 2018, but in February 2018, the film was delayed to December 21, before later being pushed back again in late September to its current release date. The first trailer for the film was released on December 8, 2017, with a July 2018 release in mind. The footage received a mixed response, with a majority of the commentary focusing on the appearance of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13616415",
"chunk_text": "\"Ash vs Evil Dead\"\nStarz renewed it for a second season, which premiered on October 2, 2016. On October 7, 2016, while at the New York Comic Con, Starz announced that the series had been renewed for a third season, which premiered on February 25, 2018. On April 20, 2018, it was announced that the series had been cancelled after three seasons. The series is set approximately 30 years after the first three \"\"Evil Dead\"\" films, and serves as a sequel to that trilogy. Ash Williams works at the \"\"Value Stop\"\" as a simple stock boy. Also working at the store is his friend",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14666601",
"chunk_text": "Unikitty!\nthat every day is the happiest and most creative ever while dealing with the evil plots of the Doom Lord Master Frown from Frown Town. The series was released internationally starting on Cartoon Network in the United Kingdom and Ireland on March 5 and on Teletoon in Canada on March 17, 2018. It premiered on Cartoon Network channels in Southeast Asia on March 30, in Sub-Saharan Africa on April 9, and in Australia and New Zealand on April 27, 2018. It premiered on France 4 in France on September 3, 2018. The first DVD set of the series was released",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2028618",
"chunk_text": "\"Lost in Space (2018 TV series)\"\nin September 2018, in Iceland, and is set to conclude in January 2019. The series was released on April 13, 2018, on Netflix. On March 31, 2018, the series pilot was screened at Awesome Con in Washington, D.C.. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 68% approval rating with an average rating of 6.21/10, based on 65 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads: \"\"\"\"Lost in Space\"\"s production values are ambitious enough to attract sci-fi adventure fans, while the story's large heart adds an emotional anchor to all the deep space derring-do.\"\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9937874",
"chunk_text": "\"Returning the Favor\"\n25, 2018, it was announced during the Television Critics Association's annual summer press tour that Facebook had renewed the series for a third season. On November 23, 2018, it was reported that season three would premiere on on November 27, 2018. In November 2017, \"\"Returning the Favor\"\" was one of five shows cited by Got Your 6, an entertainment industry-affiliated veterans organization with a Got Your 6 certification. In recognizing the series, the organization specifically cited the pilot episode, featuring a former Army engineer running a therapeutic motorcycle building program for other veterans, and episode six, which featured a quadruple",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5440203",
"chunk_text": "\"Star vs. the Forces of Evil\"\nStar vs. the Forces of Evil Star vs. the Forces of Evil is an American animated television series created by Daron Nefcy and developed by Jordana Arkin and Dave Wasson, which airs on Disney XD. The first Disney XD series created by a woman, and the third overall for Disney Television Animation (following \"\"Pepper Ann\"\" and \"\"Doc McStuffins\"\"), it follows the adventures of Star Butterfly (voiced by Eden Sher), the turbulent young heir to the royal throne in the dimension of Mewni, who is sent to Earth so she can complete her education and learn to be a worthy princess,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_901
|
when did the soviet union start and end?
|
n/a
|
[
"in Eurasia"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "14161226",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\n1989, with 80% of the population living in the western, European part of the country. The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II during World War I. In 1922, the Soviet Union was formed by the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR which legalized the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics that had occurred from 1918. Following Lenin's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8720855",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nSoviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 30 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR). Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9094482",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union\"\nHistory of the Soviet Union The \"\"History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union\"\" reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world. Though the terms \"\"Soviet Russia\"\" and \"\"Soviet Union\"\" often are synonymous in everyday speech, when referring to the foundations of the Soviet Union, \"\"Soviet Russia\"\" properly refers to the few years between the October Revolution of 1917 and the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922. The original ideology of the state was primarily based on the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. In its essence, Marx's theory stated that economic and political systems",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13357223",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nthe Soviet Union and the postwar division of Europe into capitalist and communist halves would lead to increased tensions with the West, led by the United States of America. The Cold War emerged by 1947 as the Eastern Bloc, united under the Warsaw Pact in 1955, confronted the Western Bloc, united under NATO in 1949. On 5 March 1953, Stalin died and was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 denounced Stalin and began the de-Stalinization of Soviet society through the Khrushchev Thaw. The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race, with the first artificial satellite,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18165649",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1953–64)\"\nKhrushchev became premier on March 27, 1958, consolidating his power—the tradition followed by all his predecessors and successors. This was the final stage in the transition from the earlier period of post-Stalin collective leadership. He was now the ultimate source of authority in the Soviet Union, but would never possess the absolute power Stalin had. Aid to developing countries and scientific research, especially into space technology and weaponry, maintained the Soviet Union as one of the world's two major world powers. The Soviet Union launched the first ever artificial Earth satellite in history, Sputnik 1, which orbited the Earth in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9094488",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union\"\ndevastated much of the USSR with about one out of every three World War II deaths representing a citizen of the Soviet Union. After World War II the Soviet Union's armies occupied Central and Eastern Europe, where socialist governments took power. By 1949 the Cold War had started between the Western Bloc and the Eastern (Soviet) Bloc, with the Warsaw Pact pitched against NATO in Europe. After 1945 Stalin did not directly engage in any wars. Stalin continued his totalitarian rule until his death in 1953. In the USSR, the eleven-year period from the death of Joseph Stalin (1953) to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9094495",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union\"\ntons [of oil] over the plan.\"\" Former prime minister Yegor Gaidar, an economist looking back three decades, in 2007 wrote: The history of the Soviet Union from 1982 through 1991, spans the period from Leonid Brezhnev's death and funeral until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Due to the years of Soviet military buildup at the expense of domestic development, economic growth stagnated. Failed attempts at reform, a standstill economy, and the success of the United States against the Soviet Union's forces in the war in Afghanistan led to a general feeling of discontent, especially in the Baltic republics and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16388021",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)\"\nmolding Soviet society. Stalin's brutal methods in achieving his goals, which included party purges, political repression of the general population, and forced collectivization, led to millions of deaths: in Gulag labor camps and during man-made famine. World War II, known as \"\"the Great Patriotic War\"\" in the Soviet Union, devastated much of the USSR, with about one out of every three World War II deaths representing a citizen of the Soviet Union. After World War II, the Soviet Union's armies occupied Eastern Europe, where they established or supported puppet Communist regimes. By 1949, the Cold War had started between the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4690914",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1982–91)\"\nHistory of the Soviet Union (1982–91) The history of the Soviet Union from 1982 through 1991 spans the period from Leonid Brezhnev's death and funeral until the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Due to the years of Soviet military buildup at the expense of domestic development, economic growth stagnated. Failed attempts at reform, a standstill economy, and the success of the United States against the Soviet Union's forces in the war in Afghanistan led to a general feeling of discontent, especially in the Baltic republics and Eastern Europe. Greater political and social freedoms, instituted by the last Soviet leader, Mikhail",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9094489",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union\"\nthe political ouster of Nikita Khrushchev (1964), the national politics were dominated by the Cold War; the ideological U.S.–USSR struggle for the planetary domination of their respective socio–economic systems, and the defense of hegemonic spheres of influence. Nonetheless, since the mid-1950s, despite the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) having disowned Stalinism, the political culture of Stalinism—an omnipotent General Secretary, anti-Trotskyism, a five-year planned economy (post-New Economic Policy), and repudiation of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact secret protocols—remained the character of Soviet society until the accession of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of the CPSU in 1985. The history of the Soviet",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9094497",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union\"\ngovernment. The USSR's trade gap progressively emptied the coffers of the union, leading to eventual bankruptcy. The Soviet Union finally collapsed in 1991 when Boris Yeltsin seized power in the aftermath of a failed coup that had attempted to topple reform-minded Gorbachev. History of the Soviet Union The \"\"History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union\"\" reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world. Though the terms \"\"Soviet Russia\"\" and \"\"Soviet Union\"\" often are synonymous in everyday speech, when referring to the foundations of the Soviet Union, \"\"Soviet Russia\"\" properly refers to the few years between the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13766822",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)\"\nStates and the Soviet Union, between capitalism and socialism. Each vindicated in 1945 by previous disasters, those contrasts had been simplified and refined in national ideologies to represent two ways of life. Conflicting models of democratic centralism versus liberal democracy, of state planning against free enterprise, of full or partial employment, of equality versus economic freedom, were to compete for the allegiance of the developing and developed world in the postwar years. Even so, the basic structures and tensions that marked the cold war were not yet in place in 1945–46. Despite the necessary means of the United States to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10163233",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Russia (1991–present)\"\nHistory of Russia (1991–present) The history of Russia from 1991 to the present began with the dissolution of the Soviet Union (USSR) on 26 December 1991 and the establishment of the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation (RSFSR) was the largest republic within the USSR, but until 1990 it had no significant independence. The Russian Federation was the largest of the fifteen republics that made up the USSR, accounting for over 60% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and over 50% of the Soviet population. Russians also dominated the Soviet military and the Communist Party (CPSU). As such, the Russian Federation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17767352",
"chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Soviet Union\"\nDissolution of the Soviet Union The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on 26 December 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. On the previous day, 25 December, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the USSR,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6004411",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–27)\"\nSoviet Socialist Republics (USSR) lies with the assault and capture of the poorly defended Winter Palace (the traditional home and symbol of power of the Tsar) on the evening of 26 October 1917. The Mensheviks and the right-wing of the Socialist Revolutionaries, outraged by the abusive and coercive acts carried out by the Red Guard and Bolsheviks, fled Petrograd, leaving control in the hands of the Bolsheviks and remaining Left Socialist Revolutionaries. On 25 October 1917, the Sovnarkom was established by the Russian Constitution of 1918 as the administrative arm of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets. By 6 January 1918,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9094490",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union\"\nUnion from 1964 to 1982, referred to as the Brezhnev Era, covers the period of Leonid Brezhnev's rule of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). This period began with high economic growth and soaring prosperity, but ended with a much weaker Soviet Union facing social, political, and economic stagnation. The average annual income stagnated, because needed economic reforms were never fully carried out. Nikita Khrushchev was ousted as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), as well as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, on 14 October 1964 due to his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11536599",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nSoviet Union on 22 June 1941, starting what was known in the USSR as the \"\"Great Patriotic War\"\". The Red Army stopped the seemingly invincible German Army at the Battle of Moscow, aided by an unusually harsh winter. The Battle of Stalingrad, which lasted from late 1942 to early 1943, dealt a severe blow to the Germans from which they never fully recovered and became a turning point in the war. After Stalingrad, Soviet forces drove through Eastern Europe to Berlin before Germany surrendered in 1945. The German Army suffered 80% of its military deaths in the Eastern Front. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4995893",
"chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Soviet Union\"\non a small transistor radio. After three days, on August 21, 1991, the coup collapsed. The organizers were detained and Gorbachev was reinstated as president, albeit with his power much depleted. On August 24, 1991, Gorbachev dissolved the Central Committee of the CPSU, resigned as the party's general secretary, and dissolved all party units in the government. Five days later, the Supreme Soviet indefinitely suspended all CPSU activity on Soviet territory, effectively ending Communist rule in the Soviet Union and dissolving the only remaining unifying force in the country. Gorbachev established a State Council of the Soviet Union on 5",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "178708",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\ncoup d'état attempted by Communist Party hardliners. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned, and on 26 December 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union met and formally dissolved the Soviet Union, thereby ending the Cold War, and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged as independent post-Soviet states. The Russian Federation—formerly the Russian SFSR—assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as the successor state of the Soviet Union. In summing up the international ramifications of these events, Vladislav Zubok stated: \"\"The collapse of the Soviet empire was an event of epochal geopolitical, military, ideological and economic significance\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1049092",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nIran), and Lake Baikal, the world's largest and deepest freshwater lake that is also an internal body of water in Russia. The last Russian Tsar, Nicholas II, ruled the Russian Empire until his abdication in March 1917 in the aftermath of the February Revolution, due in part to the strain of fighting in World War I, which lacked public support. A short-lived Russian Provisional Government took power, to be overthrown in the October Revolution (N.S. 7 November 1917) by revolutionaries led by the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. The Soviet Union was officially established in December 1922 with the union of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6004397",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–27)\"\nHistory of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–27) The history of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world. Though the terms Soviet Russia and Soviet Union are synonymous in everyday vocabulary, Soviet Russia, in the context of the foundation of the Soviet Union, refers to the few years after the abdication of the crown of the Russian Empire by Tsar Nicholas II (in 1917), but before the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922. Early in its conception, the Soviet Union strived to achieve harmony among all peoples of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1738365",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Russia\"\nthe 1920s to the command economy and repressions of the Joseph Stalin era to the \"\"era of stagnation\"\" in the 1980s. From its first years, government in the Soviet Union was based on the one-party rule of the Communists, as the Bolsheviks called themselves, beginning in March 1918. By the mid-1980s, with the weaknesses of its economic and political structures becoming acute, Mikhail Gorbachev embarked on major reforms, which led to the overthrow of the communist party and the breakup of the USSR, leaving Russia again on its own and marking the start of the history of post-Soviet Russia. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13357258",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nAccords, which declared the Soviet Union dissolved and established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place. While doubts remained over the authority of the accords to do this, on 21 December 1991, the representatives of all Soviet republics except Georgia signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the accords. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned as the President of the USSR, declaring the office extinct. He turned the powers that had been vested in the presidency over to Yeltsin. That night, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14161256",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nin less than two years. In an attempt to avoid a third short-lived leader, in 1985, the Soviets turned to the next generation and selected Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorbachev made significant changes in the economy and party leadership, called \"\"perestroika\"\". His policy of \"\"glasnost\"\" freed public access to information after decades of heavy government censorship. Gorbachev also moved to end the Cold War. In 1988, the Soviet Union abandoned its nine-year war in Afghanistan and began to withdraw its forces. In the late 1980s, , which paved the way for Revolutions of 1989. With the tearing down of the Berlin Wall",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6485439",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union–United States relations\"\nfollowing Germany's defeat worried the liberal democracies of the West, particularly the United States, which had established virtual economic and political primacy in Western Europe. The two nations promoted two opposing economic and political ideologies and the two nations competed for international influence along these lines. This protracted a geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle—lasting from the announcement of the Truman Doctrine on March 12, 1947 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 26, 1991—is known as the Cold War, a period of nearly 45 years. The Soviet Union detonated its first nuclear weapon in 1949, ending the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14133871",
"chunk_text": "\"Military history of the Soviet Union\"\nMilitary history of the Soviet Union The military history of the Soviet Union began in the days following the 1917 October Revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power. In 1918 the new government formed the Red Army, which then defeated its various internal enemies in the Russian Civil War of 1917–22. The years 1918–21 saw defeats for the Red Army in the Polish–Soviet War (1919–21) and in independence wars for Estonia (1918–20), Latvia (1918–20) and Lithuania (1918–19). The Red Army invaded Finland (November 1939); fought the Battles of Khalkhin Gol of May-September 1939 (together with its ally Mongolia) against Japan",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11553534",
"chunk_text": "\"Republics of the Soviet Union\"\nfrom the Union. In practice, the USSR was a highly centralised entity from its creation in 1922 until the mid-1980s when political forces unleashed by reforms undertaken by Mikhail Gorbachev resulted in the loosening of central control and its ultimate dissolution. Under the constitution adopted in 1936 and modified along the way until October 1977, the political foundation of the Soviet Union was formed by the Soviets (Councils) of People's Deputies. These existed at all levels of the administrative hierarchy, with the Soviet Union as a whole under the nominal control of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, located in",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "4207177",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1964–82)\"\nHistory of the Soviet Union (1964–82) The history of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, referred to as the Brezhnev Era, covers the period of Leonid Brezhnev's rule of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). This period began with high economic growth and soaring prosperity, but gradually significant problems in social, political, and economic areas accumulated, so that the period is often described as the Era of Stagnation. Nikita Khrushchev was ousted as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) (as well as Chairman of the Council of Ministers) on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "16761607",
"chunk_text": "\"Dissolution of the Soviet Union\"\noriginal members on October 24, 1945, together with the Soviet Union. After declaring independence, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic changed its name to Ukraine on August 24, 1991 and on September 19, 1991, the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic informed the UN that it had changed its name to the Republic of Belarus. The other twelve independent states established from the former Soviet Republics were all admitted to the UN: Historiography on Soviet dissolution can be roughly classified in two groups, namely intentionalist accounts and structuralist accounts. Intentionalist accounts contend that Soviet collapse was not inevitable and resulted from the policies",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "16388020",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)\"\nHistory of the Soviet Union (1927–1953) The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953 covers the period in Soviet history from establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. He sought to destroy his enemies while transforming Soviet society with aggressive economic planning, in particular a sweeping collectivization of agriculture and rapid development of heavy industry. Stalin consolidated his power within the party and the state and fostered an extensive cult of personality. Soviet secret-police and the mass-mobilization Communist Party served as Stalin's major tools in",
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},
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"chunk_id": "178728",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nfor the President's Special Assistant Harry Hopkins, Washington, D.C., August 10, 1943: The Soviet Union maintained its status as one of the world's two superpowers for four decades through its hegemony in Eastern Europe, military strength, economic strength, aid to developing countries, and scientific research, especially in space technology and weaponry. During the immediate postwar period, the Soviet Union rebuilt and expanded its economy, while maintaining its strictly centralized control. It took effective control over most of the countries of Eastern Europe (except Yugoslavia and Albania), turning them into satellite states. The Soviet Union bound its satellite states in a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "15528402",
"chunk_text": "\"Communist Party of the Soviet Union\"\nCommunist Party of the Soviet Union The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU was the sole governing party of the Soviet Union until 1990, when the Congress of People's Deputies modified Article 6 of the most recent 1977 Soviet constitution, which had granted the CPSU a monopoly over the political system. The party was founded in 1912 by the Bolsheviks (a majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, RSDLP). Led by Vladimir Lenin, which seized power in the October Revolution, the second of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nthe first human spaceflight, and successfuly launched the first and so far the only probe to planet Venus. Dissatisfied with Khrushchev's policies, the Communist Party's conservative wing led a coup d'état against Khrushchev in 1964, quietly ousting him without any bloodshed. In the early 1970s, there was a brief détente of relations with the United States, but tensions resumed with the Soviet–Afghan War in 1979. In the mid-1980s, the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to reform and liberalize the economy through his policies of \"\"glasnost\"\" (openness) and \"\"perestroika\"\" (restructuring). Under Gorbachev, the role of the Communist Party in governing",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Soviet of the Union\"\nlively debates. The Soviet of the Union elected a chairman (who would lead the sessions of the chamber), his 4 deputies and permanent commissions: Mandates, Legislative Proposals, Budget Planning, Foreign Affairs, Youth Affairs, Industry, Transportation and Communications, Construction and Industry of Building Materials, Agriculture, Consumer goods, Public Education, Healthcare and Social Security, Science and Culture, Trade, Consumer Service and Municipal Economy, Environment. The Soviet of the Union was effectively dissolved on 12 December 1991, two weeks before the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic recalled its deputies, leaving it without a quorum. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union\"\nknown as the Great October Socialist Revolution. Under the control of the party, all politics and attitudes that were not strictly RCP (Russian Communist Party) were suppressed, under the premise that the RCP represented the proletariat and all activities contrary to the party's beliefs were \"\"counterrevolutionary\"\" or \"\"anti-socialist.\"\" During the years of 1917 to 1923, the Soviet Union achieved peace with the Central Powers, their enemies in World War I, but also fought the Russian Civil War against the White Army and foreign armies from United States, United Kingdom, and France, among others. This resulted in large territorial changes, albeit",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1964–82)\"\nconflicts\"\", the Brezhnev Era constituted a period of continuous development without interruption. There was a fourfold growth in higher education between the 1950s and 1980s; this development was referred to as the \"\"scientific-technological revolution\"\". In addition, women came to make up half of the country's educated specialists. Following Khrushchev's controversial claim that (pure) communism could be reached \"\"within 20 years\"\", the new Soviet leadership responded by fostering the concept of developed socialism. Brezhnev declared the onset of the era developed socialism in 1971 at the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Developed socialism was described as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nDecember 1922. In 1924, during the national delimitation in Central Asia, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan were formed from parts of the Russia's Turkestan ASSR and two Soviet dependencies, the Khorezm and Bukharan SSRs. In 1929, Tajikistan was split off from the Uzbekistan SSR. With the constitution of 1936, the Transcaucasian SFSR was dissolved, resulting in its constituent republics of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan being elevated to Union Republics, while Kazakhstan and Kirghizia were split off from Russian SFSR, resulting in the same status. In August 1940, Moldavia was formed from parts of the Ukraine and Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. Estonia, Latvia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "16688775",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1953–64)\"\nHistory of the Soviet Union (1953–64) In the USSR, during the eleven-year period from the death of Joseph Stalin (1953) to the political ouster of Nikita Khrushchev (1964), the national politics were dominated by the Cold War, the ideological U.S.–USSR struggle for the planetary domination of their respective socio-economic systems, and the defense of hegemonic spheres of influence. Nonetheless, since the mid-1950s, despite the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) having disowned Stalinism, the political culture of Stalinism—a very powerful General Secretary of the CPSU—remained in place, albeit weakened. After Stalin died in March 1953, he was succeeded by",
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"chunk_text": "\"Economy of the Soviet Union\"\nSterling until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After a new leadership, headed by Leonid Brezhnev, had come to power, attempts were made to revitalize the economy through economic reform. Starting in 1965, enterprises and organizations were made to rely on economic methods of profitable production, rather than follow orders from the state administration. By 1970, the Soviet economy had reached its zenith and was estimated at about 60 percent of the size of the United States in terms of the estimated commodities (like steel and coal). In 1989, the official GDP of the Soviet Union was $2,500",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "13357230",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nover north to south. It had five climate zones: tundra, taiga, steppes, desert and mountains. The Soviet Union had the world's longest border, like Russia, measuring over , or circumferences of Earth. Two-thirds of it was a coastline. Across the Bering Strait was the United States. The Soviet Union bordered Afghanistan, China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Hungary, Iran, Mongolia, North Korea, Norway, Poland, Romania, and Turkey from 1945 to 1991. The Soviet Union's highest mountain was Communism Peak (now Ismoil Somoni Peak) in Tajikistan, at . The Soviet Union also included most of the world's largest lakes; the Caspian Sea (shared with",
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"chunk_id": "1865535",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nThe following day, the Supreme Soviet, the highest governmental body of the Soviet Union, voted both itself and the Soviet Union out of existence. This is generally recognized as marking the official, final dissolution of the Soviet Union as a functioning state, and the end of the Cold War. The Soviet Army originally remained under overall CIS command, but was soon absorbed into the different military forces of the newly independent states. The few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased to function by the end of 1991. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1982–91)\"\nindependence of the USSR's republics on 26 December 1991. The process was caused by a weakening of the Soviet government, which led to disintegration and took place from about 19 January 1990 to 31 December 1991. The process was characterized by many of the republics of the Soviet Union declaring their independence and being recognized as sovereign nation-states. Andrei Grachev, the Deputy Head of the Intelligence Department of the Central Committee, summed up the denouement of the downfall quite cogently: \"\"Gorbachev actually put the sort of final blow to the resistance of the Soviet Union by killing the fear of",
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"chunk_id": "15267210",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Armed Forces\"\nSoviet Armed Forces The Soviet Armed Forces, also called the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Armed Forces of the Soviet Union (Russian: Вооружённые Силы Союза Советских Социалистических Республик \"\"Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik\"\", Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза) were the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922), the Soviet Union (1922–1991) and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1912–1991) from their beginnings in the aftermath of the Russian Civil War to its dissolution on 26 December 1991. According to the all-union military service law of September 1925, the Soviet Armed Forces consisted of three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
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"chunk_id": "14161237",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nthe Russian, Ukrainian, Byelorussian, and Transcaucasian Soviet republics, each ruled by local Bolshevik parties. Despite the foundation of the Soviet state as a federative entity of many constituent republics, each with its own political and administrative entities, the term \"\"Soviet Russia\"\"strictly applicable only to the Russian Federative Socialist Republicwas often applied to the entire country by non-Soviet writers and politicians. Modern revolutionary activity in the Russian Empire began with the Decembrist revolt of 1825. Although serfdom was abolished in 1861, it was done on terms unfavorable to the peasants and served to encourage revolutionaries. A parliament—the State Duma—was established in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
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"chunk_id": "4692657",
"chunk_text": "\"Communism in Russia\"\nCommunism in Russia In Russia, communism began after Tsar Nicholas II lost his power during the February Revolution. The Provisional Government was established under Prince Lvov, however, the Bolsheviks refused to accept the government and revolted in October 1917, taking control of Russia. Vladimir Lenin, their leader, rose to power and governed between 1917 and 1924. The Bolsheviks formed the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, marking the beginning of the Russian Civil War between the revolutionary Reds and the counter-revolutionary Whites. In 1922 the Communist Reds were victorious, and formed the Soviet Union. Lenin died in 1924, starting a power",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
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"chunk_id": "16388022",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)\"\nWestern Bloc and the Eastern (Soviet) Bloc, with the Warsaw Pact (created 1955) pitched against NATO (created 1949) in Europe. After 1945, Stalin did not directly engage in any wars. He continued his totalitarian rule until his death in 1953. The mobilization of resources by state planning expanded the country's industrial base. From 1928 to 1932, pig iron output, necessary for further development of the industrial infrastructure rose from 3.3 million to 6.2 million tons per year. Coal production, a basic fuel of modern economies and Stalinist industrialization, rose from 35.4 million to 64 million tons, and the output of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
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"chunk_id": "6298791",
"chunk_text": "\"Railway system of the Soviet Union\"\nRailway system of the Soviet Union The Soviet Railways (Russian: Cоветские железные дороги (CЖД)) was the state owned national railway system of the Soviet Union, headquartered in Moscow. The railway started operations in December 1922, shortly after the formation of the Soviet Union. It operated until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. The Soviet Railways were the largest unified railway in the world and the backbone of the Soviet Union's economy. Soviet Railways greatly upgraded and expanded the Russian Imperial Railways to meet the demands of the Soviet Union. The railway was directly under the control of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
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"chunk_id": "9094493",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Soviet Union\"\ngerontocracy, and political corruption became a normal phenomenon. Brezhnev, however, never initiated any large-scale anti-corruption campaigns. Due to the large military buildup of the 1960s the Soviet Union was able to consolidate itself as a superpower during Brezhnev's rule. The era ended with Brezhnev's death on 10 November 1982. While all modernized economies were rapidly moving to computerization after 1965, the USSR fell further and further behind. Moscow's decision to copy the IBM/360 of 1965 proved a decisive mistake for it locked scientists into a system they were unable to improve so that it gradually became antiquated. They had enormous",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\npetroleum export revenues, started to collapse. Prices were still fixed, and property was still largely state-owned until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. For most of the period after World War II until its collapse, Soviet GDP (PPP) was the second largest in the world, and 3rd in the world during the mid-1980s to 1989, although per-capita it was behind that of First World countries. Compared to countries with similar per-capita GDP in 1928, the Soviet Union experienced significant growth. In 1990, the Soviet Union had a Human Development Index of 0.920, placing it in the \"\"high\"\" category of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
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"chunk_id": "1865542",
"chunk_text": "\"Soviet Union\"\nuntil 1946. The most influential spokesmen were Georgy Chicherin (1872–1936), Maxim Litvinov (1876–1951), Vyacheslav Molotov (1890–1986), Andrey Vyshinsky (1883–1954) and Andrei Gromyko (1909–1989). Intellectuals were based in the Moscow State Institute of International Relations. The Communist leadership the Soviet Union intensely debated foreign policy issues and change directions several times. Even after Stalin assumed dictatorial control in the late 1920s, there were debates and he frequently changed positions. The first stage (1917–1921), assumed that Communist revolutions would break out very soon in every major industrial country, and it was the Soviet responsibility to assist them. The Comintern was the weapon",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_902
|
who is the character of santa claus based on?
|
n/a
|
[
"Saint Nicholas",
"Father Christmas",
"Sinterklaas",
"Wodan"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "11639386",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nSanta Claus Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Kris Kringle, Father Christmas, or simply Santa, is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring gifts to the homes of well-behaved (\"\"good\"\" or \"\"nice\"\") children on Christmas Eve (24 December) and the early morning hours of Christmas Day (25 December). The modern Santa Claus grew out of traditions surrounding the historical Saint Nicholas (a fourth-century Greek bishop and gift-giver of Myra), the British figure of Father Christmas and the Dutch figure of \"\"Sinterklaas\"\" (himself also based on Saint Nicholas). Some maintain Santa Claus also absorbed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
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"chunk_id": "11639459",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nencourage imagination, and it’s equivalent to bribing your kids for good behavior.” Notes Bibliography Santa Claus Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Kris Kringle, Father Christmas, or simply Santa, is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring gifts to the homes of well-behaved (\"\"good\"\" or \"\"nice\"\") children on Christmas Eve (24 December) and the early morning hours of Christmas Day (25 December). The modern Santa Claus grew out of traditions surrounding the historical Saint Nicholas (a fourth-century Greek bishop and gift-giver of Myra), the British figure of Father Christmas and the Dutch figure",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "3984063",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus in film\"\nSanta Claus is traditionally passed down from father to son. The system is disrupted when the reigning Santa is murdered by his son, Damian, who then uses the position to attack the competing holidays of Hanukkah and Kwanzaa. The animated film, \"\"Arthur Christmas\"\", portrays being Santa Claus as a dynasty. The first \"\"Santa\"\", Saint Nicholas, established the North Pole workshop and passes the title and responsibilities to his son after 70 Christmases, after which his son will pass them on to his son, and so on. In the film, the current Santa initially refuses to retire due to worry about",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1082224",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nEventually, the idea emerged that he had numerous elves responsible for making the toys, but the toys were still handmade by each individual elf working in the traditional manner. The 1956 popular song by George Melachrino, \"\"Mrs. Santa Claus\"\", and the 1963 children's book \"\"How Mrs. Santa Claus Saved Christmas\"\", by Phyllis McGinley, helped standardize and establish the character and role of Mrs. Claus in the popular imagination. Seabury Quinn's 1948 novel \"\"Roads\"\" draws from historical legends to tell the story of Santa and the origins of Christmas. Other modern additions to the \"\"story\"\" of Santa include Rudolph the Red-Nosed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11639388",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nSt. Nicholas\"\" and of caricaturist and political cartoonist Thomas Nast. This image has been maintained and reinforced through song, radio, television, children's books, films, and advertising. Santa Claus is said to make lists of children throughout the world, categorizing them according to their behavior (\"\"good\"\" and \"\"bad\"\", or \"\"naughty\"\" and \"\"nice\"\") and to deliver presents, including toys, and candy to all of the well-behaved children in the world, and coal to all the misbehaved children, on the single night of Christmas Eve. He accomplishes this feat with the aid of his elves, who make the toys in his workshop at",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11639445",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nsend email to Santa Claus. Some websites, such as Santa's page on Microsoft's Windows Live Spaces, however have used or still use \"\"bots\"\" to compose and send email replies, with occasional unfortunate results. In addition to providing holiday-themed entertainment, \"\"Santa tracking\"\" websites raise interest in space technology and exploration, serve to educate children in geography. and encourage them to take an interest in science. Santa Claus has partial Christian roots in Saint Nicholas, particularly in the high church denominations that practice the veneration of him, in addition to other saints. In light of this, the character has sometimes been the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16875033",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas elf\"\nChristmas elf In American, Canadian, Irish, and British cultures, a Christmas elf is a diminutive elf that lives with Santa Claus at the North Pole and acts as his helper. Christmas elves are often depicted as green or red clad with large, pointy ears and pointy hats. Santa's elves are often said to make the toys in Santa's workshop and take care of his reindeer, among other tasks. They were first introduced in literature by Louisa May Alcott in 1856. The Santa Claus character is much older, emerging in US folklore in the early 17th century from the historical figure",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18139142",
"chunk_text": "\"Secular Christmas stories\"\nSecular Christmas stories There exists a wide range of secular Christmas stories, told in popular music, on television, and in the cinema, that are told about the Christian holiday of Christmas, that may be based on or allegorize the biblical Christian mythology of Christmas, as the birth of Jesus, but not necessarily. The stories may also have newer interpretations and introduce new characters (such as Rudolph the reindeer). These secular Christmas stories could be classified as mythopoeia (invented mythology), or Christian allegories. Santa Claus is the English name for the Christian Saint Nicholas, secularized in popular culture as an old",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3984060",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus in film\"\nas his wife Anya, shows how Santa and Anya are discovered by a clan of elves called the Vendequm. (Dudley Moore portrays Patch, the central character and main focus of the story; Burgess Meredith portrays their wise leader, the Ancient One, who reveals that Claus represents the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy, whereby he has been designated as \"\"the Chosen One\"\", whose mission it will be to deliver the elves' toys to children all over the world. The film's prologue features Claus and Anya performing Santa-like duties in their home village, and strongly suggests Santa's saintly origins. In \"\"Ernest Saves",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
{
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"chunk_id": "872395",
"chunk_text": "\"The Story of Santa Claus\"\nThe Story of Santa Claus The Story of Santa Claus is a 1996 animated television special directed by Toby Bluth. It features the voices of Ed Asner, Betty White, and Tim Curry. The special presents an origin story for Santa Claus, who is depicted as a man named Nicholas Claus who wishes to give every child in the world a gift for Christmas. The elves of the North Pole become obligated to grant his wish, facing great obstacles. The story opens in \"\"Europe, a long time ago\"\". Nicholas Claus, nicknamed \"\"Santa\"\" by his wife Gretchen, is a toymaker who wishes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
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"chunk_id": "16148118",
"chunk_text": "\"Ded Moroz\"\nDed Moroz Ded Moroz (, \"\"Ded Moroz\"\" ; , \"\"Dzyed Maróz\"\"; , \"\"Did Moróz\"\"; Russian diminutive , \"\"Dédushka Moróz\"\"; / \"\"Deda Mraz\"\"; also Morozko () is a fictional character similar to that of Father Christmas and Santa Claus and has its roots in Slavic paganism mythology. The tradition of Ded Moroz is mostly spread in East Slavic countries and is an important part of Russian culture. The literal translation is \"\"Grandfather Frost\"\", but depending on the language it can also be translated as \"\"Old Man Frost\"\". Ded Moroz is depicted as bringing presents to well-mannered children, often delivering them in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "1082238",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nby which the character is identified, but it also does not appear in many non-English-speaking countries. The traditional Christmas poem \"\"A Visit from St. Nicholas\"\" relates that Santa has: Santa Claus's home traditionally includes a residence and a workshop where he creates—often with the aid of elves or other supernatural beings—the gifts he delivers to good children at Christmas. Some stories and legends include a village, inhabited by his helpers, surrounding his home and shop. In North American tradition (in the United States and Canada), Santa lives on the North Pole, which according to Canada Post lies within Canadian jurisdiction",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "859424",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nthrough man's renewed participation in the divine life.\"\" A number of figures are associated with Christmas and the seasonal giving of gifts. Among these are Father Christmas, also known as Santa Claus (derived from the Dutch for Saint Nicholas), Père Noël, and the Weihnachtsmann; Saint Nicholas or Sinterklaas; the Christkind; Kris Kringle; Joulupukki; tomte/nisse; Babbo Natale; Saint Basil; and Ded Moroz. The Scandinavian tomte (also called nisse) is sometimes depicted as a gnome instead of Santa Claus. The best known of these figures today is red-dressed Santa Claus, of diverse origins. The name Santa Claus can be traced back to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
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"chunk_id": "12819041",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nClaus. Much of Santa Claus's mythos was not set in stone at the time, leaving Baum to give his \"\"Neclaus\"\" (Necile's Little One) a wide variety of immortal support, a home in the Laughing Valley of Hohaho, and \"\"ten\"\" reindeer—who could not fly, but leapt in enormous, flight-like bounds. Claus's immortality was earned, much like his title (\"\"Santa\"\"), decided by a vote of those naturally immortal. This work also established Claus's motives: a happy childhood among immortals. When Ak, Master Woodsman of the World, exposes him to the misery and poverty of children in the outside world, Santa strives to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12819033",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nmuch to Odin, the old blue-hooded, cloaked, white-bearded Giftbringer of the north, who rode the midwinter sky on his eight-footed steed Sleipnir, visiting his people with gifts. […] Odin, transformed into Father Christmas, then Santa Claus, prospered with St Nicholas and the Christchild, became a leading player on the Christmas stage.\"\" In Finland Santa Claus is called Joulupukki (direct translation 'Christmas Goat'). Pre-modern representations of the gift-giver from Church history and folklore, notably St Nicholas (known in Dutch as Sinterklaas), merged with the English character Father Christmas to create the character known to Americans and the rest of the English-speaking",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19796454",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus' daughter\"\nSanta Claus' daughter Santa Claus' daughter is a fictional character of the Christmas folklore who appeared in North America in the late 19th century. One of the first works to present this figure was a short musical play of 1892 called \"\"Santa Claus' daughter\"\" (by Everett Elliott and F. W. Hardcastle). In this piece, the young Kitty Claus, who has known no one but her papa, asks him to find her a man. In his book NOEL (2000) Ed McCray told the life story of the Claus' daughter Noel. In \"\"The Legend of Holly Claus\"\" (2006, by Brittney Ryan), Santa",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15340858",
"chunk_text": "\"The Life & Adventures of Santa Claus (2000 film)\"\nThe Life & Adventures of Santa Claus (2000 film) The Life & Adventures of Santa Claus is a 2000 film created by Mike Young Productions and released by Universal Studios Home Entertainment. It is based on the 1902 L. Frank Baum novel of the same name. In the Forest of Burzee, where many immortals live (such as Knooks, fairies, and nymphs), their leader, Ak, the Master Woodsman of the World (governor of all forests), finds a human baby abandoned and places him in the care of the lioness, Shiegra. A wood nymph named Necile thereupon adopts the baby; later named",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11639387",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nelements of the Germanic god Wodan, who was associated with the pagan midwinter event of Yule and led the Wild Hunt, a ghostly procession through the sky. Santa Claus is generally depicted as a portly, jolly, white-bearded man—sometimes with spectacles—wearing a red coat with white fur collar and cuffs, white-fur-cuffed red trousers, a red hat with white fur and black leather belt and boots and who carries a bag full of gifts for children. This image became popular in the United States and Canada in the 19th century due to the significant influence of the 1823 poem \"\"A Visit from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11639410",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\n20th century. The image of Santa Claus as a benevolent character became reinforced with its association with charity and philanthropy, particularly by organizations such as the Salvation Army. Volunteers dressed as Santa Claus typically became part of fundraising drives to aid needy families at Christmas time. In 1937, Charles W. Howard, who played Santa Claus in department stores and parades, established the Charles W. Howard Santa School, the oldest continuously-run such school in the world. In some images from the early 20th century, Santa was depicted as personally making his toys by hand in a small workshop like a craftsman.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "206773",
"chunk_text": "\"The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\"\nThe Life and Adventures of Santa Claus The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus is a 1902 children's book, written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by Mary Cowles Clark. Santa Claus, as a baby, is found in the Forest of Burzee by Ak, the Master Woodsman of the World (a supreme immortal), and placed in the care of the lioness Shiegra; but thereupon adopted by the Wood Nymph, Necile. Upon reaching young adulthood, Claus is introduced by Ak to human society, wherein he sees war, brutality, poverty, child neglect, and child abuse. Because he cannot reside in Burzee as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16418299",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus: The Movie\"\ntime, the film also tells a contemporary story in which one of Santa's elves (alternately referred to as the \"\"\"\"Vendequm\"\"\"\" onscreen), a visionary named Patch (Moore), sets out to employ Santa's toymaking methods on his own, unaware that he might be ruining the magic of Christmas in the process. The film was a financial failure and received mostly negative reviews from critics at the time of release. Despite this, the movie has earned a cult following in later years and has become one of the most watched Christmas movies of all time. Sometime in the 14th century, Claus is a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15987392",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus: A Morality\"\nSanta Claus: A Morality Santa Claus: A Morality (or just Santa Claus) is a play written by 20th-century poet E. E. Cummings in 1946. The play is an allegorical Christmas tale consisting of one act of five scenes. In the play, Santa Claus deals with the increasing materialism and lust for knowledge around him and becomes consumed by it because of Death. However, the love Santa has for his family allows him to reject these things. The play was inspired by Cummings's daughter Nancy, with whom he was reunited in 1946. It was first published in the Harvard College magazine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12889554",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa suit\"\na long robe and a Bishop's mitre. Santa suit A Santa suit is a costume worn by a person portraying Santa Claus. The modern American version of the suit can be attributed to the work of Thomas Nast for \"\"Harper's Weekly\"\" magazine, although it is often correctly thought that Haddon Sundblom designed the suit in his advertising work for The Coca-Cola Company. Sundblom's work did standardize the western image of Santa, and popularized the image of the red suit with white fur trim. This has become the image of the American Santa, while in some European countries where Saint Nicholas",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11639394",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nDecember to coincide with Christmas Day. The Victorian revival of Christmas included Father Christmas as the emblem of 'good cheer'. His physical appearance was variable, with one famous image being John Leech's illustration of the \"\"Ghost of Christmas Present\"\" in Charles Dickens's festive classic \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\" (1843), as a great genial man in a green coat lined with fur who takes Scrooge through the bustling streets of London on the current Christmas morning, sprinkling the essence of Christmas onto the happy populace. In the Netherlands and Belgium the character of Santa Claus has to compete with that of Sinterklaas,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12819032",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nthrough the sky. The leader of the wild hunt is frequently attested as the god Wodan (Norse Odin), bearing (among many names) the names \"\"Jólnir\"\", meaning \"\"Yule figure\"\", and \"\"Langbarðr\"\", meaning \"\"long-beard\"\", in Old Norse. Wodan's role during the Yuletide period has been theorized as having influenced concepts of St. Nicholas in a variety of facets, including his long white beard and his gray horse for nightly rides (compare Odin's horse Sleipnir) or his reindeer in North American tradition. Folklorist Margaret Baker maintains that \"\"the appearance of Santa Claus or Father Christmas, whose day is the 25th of December, owes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18328158",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus: The Movie\"\n1983, the British Press carried reports that diminutive actors such as David Jason, Patrick Troughton and Norman Wisdom would be cast alongside Dudley as fellow Elves. This ultimately came to nothing. The elves in the film are portrayed as legendary beings known as the \"\"Vendequm\"\". According to the \"\"Santa Claus: The Movie\"\" novelization written by science fiction/fantasy novelist Joan D. Vinge, the elves keep watch over all that happens in the world that borders their own magical realm. The \"\"Vendequm\"\" are described as being extremely fond of children since, after all, only children can see them, due to the innocence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14302586",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus machine\"\nSanta Claus machine A Santa Claus machine, named after the folkloric Santa Claus, is a hypothetical machine that is capable of creating any required object or structure out of any given material. It is most often referenced by futurists and science fiction writers when discussing hypothetical projects of enormous scale, such as a Dyson sphere. These types of future constructions would be too large for many civilizations to build directly, so they would need a series of machines to intelligently build the machine with little or no direct control. The term was coined by Theodore Taylor in 1978: It's possible",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5618660",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa suit\"\nSanta suit A Santa suit is a costume worn by a person portraying Santa Claus. The modern American version of the suit can be attributed to the work of Thomas Nast for \"\"Harper's Weekly\"\" magazine, although it is often correctly thought that Haddon Sundblom designed the suit in his advertising work for The Coca-Cola Company. Sundblom's work did standardize the western image of Santa, and popularized the image of the red suit with white fur trim. This has become the image of the American Santa, while in some European countries where Saint Nicholas remains popular, the outfit worn is closer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14302591",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus machine\"\ncan be thought of as a limited Santa Claus machine. Santa Claus machine A Santa Claus machine, named after the folkloric Santa Claus, is a hypothetical machine that is capable of creating any required object or structure out of any given material. It is most often referenced by futurists and science fiction writers when discussing hypothetical projects of enormous scale, such as a Dyson sphere. These types of future constructions would be too large for many civilizations to build directly, so they would need a series of machines to intelligently build the machine with little or no direct control. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12819019",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nthe North Pole, and his flying reindeer, who pull his sleigh. He is commonly portrayed as living at the North Pole, and often laughing in a way that sounds like \"\"ho ho ho\"\". Saint Nicholas of Myra was a 4th-century Greek Christian bishop of Myra (now Demre) in Lycia. Nicholas was famous for his generous gifts to the poor, in particular presenting the three impoverished daughters of a pious Christian with dowries so that they would not have to become prostitutes. He was very religious from an early age and devoted his life entirely to Christianity. In continental Europe (more",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13498337",
"chunk_text": "Grinch\nGrinch The Grinch is a fictional character created by Dr. Seuss. He is best known as the main character of the children's book \"\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\"\" (1957). He has been played by many different actors, including: Boris Karloff, Hans Conried, Jim Carrey and Benedict Cumberbatch. The Grinch is depicted as a hairy, pot-bellied, pear-shaped, snub-nosed creature with a cat-like face and cynical personality. In full-color adaptations, he is typically colored avocado green. He has spent the past 53 years living in seclusion on a cliff overlooking the town of Whoville. In contrast to the cheerful Whos, the Grinch",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7976661",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa's workshop\"\nSanta's workshop Santa's workshop is the workshop where Santa Claus is said to make the toys and presents given out at Christmas. In Santa Claus mythology, the \"\"workshop\"\" is a sprawling commune located at the North Pole or in Lapland. In addition to housing the factory where toys are either manufactured or distributed by the elves, the complex also houses the residence of Santa Claus, his wife, companions and all of the reindeer. In the 20th century it became common during December in large shops or department stores to have a \"\"cavern\"\" in which an actor dressed up as Santa",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7091481",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus (1959 film)\"\nSanta Claus (1959 film) Santa Claus (sometimes known as \"\"Santa Claus vs. the Devil\"\") is a 1959 Mexican fantasy film directed by Rene Cardona and co-written with Adolfo Torres Portillo. In the film, Santa works in outer space and does battle with a demon sent to Earth by Lucifer to ruin Christmas by killing Santa and \"\"making all the children of the Earth do evil.\"\" A dubbed and slightly edited English language version was produced for U.S. release in 1960 under the direction of Ken Smith. It was lampooned on an episode of \"\"Mystery Science Theater 3000\"\". On December 24,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5375715",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus in film\"\nher that indeed there is a Santa: \"\"He lives, and he lives forever.\"\" Francis Pharcellus Church was the real-life editor and is played by Charles Bronson in the film. \"\"The Polar Express\"\" (2004), based on the children's book of the same name, also deals with issues and questions of belief as a magical train conducted by Tom Hanks transports a doubting boy to the North Pole to visit Santa Claus. Some less-than-serious films feature Santa Claus as a superhero-type figure, such as the 1959 film titled \"\"Santa Claus\"\" produced in Mexico with José Elías Moreno as Santa Claus. In this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19796456",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus' daughter\"\nme\"\", where a human girl has been adopted by Santa. In recent years, Santa Claus' daughter has notably featured in a number of television films where she is often trying to help or to escape her father. A number of female singers have used Santa girl or Santa's daughter costumes for clips or shows. Among them are: For many Slavs, Ded Moroz (the equivalent of Santa Claus) is accompanied by Snegurochka his daughter or granddaughter. Santa Claus' daughter Santa Claus' daughter is a fictional character of the Christmas folklore who appeared in North America in the late 19th century. One",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "969858",
"chunk_text": "\"Mrs. Claus\"\nMrs. Claus Mrs. Claus (also known as Mrs Santa Claus or Amelia Kringle) is the wife of Santa Claus, the Christmas gift-bringer in American and European Christmas tradition. She is known for making cookies with the elves, caring for the reindeer, and preparing toys with her husband. The wife of Santa Claus is first mentioned in the short story \"\"A Christmas Legend\"\" (1849), by James Rees, a Philadelphia-based Christian missionary. In the story, an old man and woman, both carrying a bundle on the back, are given shelter in a home on Christmas Eve as weary travelers. The next morning,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12819034",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nworld as \"\"Santa Claus\"\" (a phonetic derivation of \"\"Sinterklaas\"\"). In the English and later British colonies of North America, and later in the United States, British and Dutch versions of the gift-giver merged further. For example, in Washington Irving's \"\"History of New York\"\" (1809), \"\"Sinterklaas\"\" was Americanized into \"\"Santa Claus\"\" (a name first used in the American press in 1773) but lost his bishop's apparel, and was at first pictured as a thick-bellied Dutch sailor with a pipe in a green winter coat. Irving's book was a lampoon of the Dutch culture of New York, and much of this portrait",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4501913",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus, Arizona\"\ntown in 1949 essentially as an attraction that had a restaurant. In 1950, Santa Claus appeared as a real place in \"\"Cliff and the Calories\"\" (1950), a fictional short story by American novelist and famed science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein. Heinlein describes a diet-shattering gourmet feast served by Mrs. Claus, in reality a Mrs. Douglas, who ran The Santa Claus Inn restaurant in the 1940s. The short story was reprinted in his 1982 book \"\"Expanded Universe.\"\" In the early 1950s, the Santa Claus Inn was renamed The Christmas Tree Inn. The Christmas Tree Inn received positive reviews from U.S.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13395441",
"chunk_text": "\"The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus\"\nreturn to the Laughing Valley in giant soap bubbles created by The Wizard of Oz. The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus is a 1902 children's book, written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by Mary Cowles Clark. Santa Claus, as a baby, is found in the Forest of Burzee by Ak, the Master Woodsman of the World (a supreme immortal), and placed in the care of the lioness Shiegra; but thereupon adopted by the Wood Nymph, Necile. Upon reaching young adulthood, Claus is introduced by Ak to human society, wherein he sees",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15620842",
"chunk_text": "\"E. E. Cummings\"\nwas inspired by his daughter Nancy, with whom he was reunited in 1946. It was first published in the Harvard College magazine, \"\"Wake\"\". The play's main characters are Santa Claus, his family (Woman and Child), Death, and Mob. At the outset of the play, Santa Claus' family has disintegrated due to their lust for knowledge (Science). After a series of events, however, Santa Claus' faith in love and his rejection of the materialism and disappointment he associates with Science are reaffirmed, and he is reunited with Woman and Child. Cummings' publishers and others have often echoed the unconventional orthography in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9056468",
"chunk_text": "\"Folklore of the United States\"\nsea monster said to live in Chesapeake Bay. Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, or simply \"\"Santa\"\", is a figure with legendary, mythical, historical and folkloric origins. The modern figure of Santa Claus was derived from the Dutch figure, Sinterklaas, which may, in turn, have its origins in the hagiographical tales concerning the Christian Saint Nicholas. \"\"A Visit from St. Nicholas\"\", also known as \"\"The Night Before Christmas\"\" is a poem first published anonymously in 1823 and generally attributed to Clement Clarke Moore. The poem, which has been called \"\"arguably the best-known verses ever written by an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4312027",
"chunk_text": "\"Ghost of Christmas Present\"\nGhost of Christmas Present The Ghost of Christmas Present or The Spirit of Christmas Present is a fictional character in the work \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\" by novelist Charles Dickens. The Spirit closely resembles Father Christmas from local folklore. The Ghost of Christmas Present is the second of the three spirits (after the visitations by Jacob Marley and the Ghost of Christmas Past) that haunt the miser Ebenezer Scrooge, in order to prompt him to repent. He shows Scrooge how other people, especially those he knows, celebrate Christmas in order to show the reader what people think of Scrooge behind his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18139143",
"chunk_text": "\"Secular Christmas stories\"\nman with supernatural powers living at the North Pole, much like magic and powerful characters in mythology: Santa Claus has supernatural powers and uses them to magnanimously deliver gifts to children around the world. Santa was based on the legends of Saint Nicholas. Santa was given an amplified mythological identity in the Clement Moore poem \"\"A Visit from St. Nicholas\"\" (the title of which is often misidentified as \"\"Twas The Night Before Christmas.\"\") Comparative mythologies have also noted the ancient Germanic myths of Thor driving a cart led by goats in the sky (which led to the folklore of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11639408",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nfind a way to bring joy into the lives of all children, and eventually invents toys as a principal means. Santa later appears in \"\"The Road to Oz\"\" as a honored guest at Ozma's birthday party, stated to be famous and beloved enough for everyone to bow even before he is announced as \"\"The most Mighty and Loyal Friend of Children, His Supreme Highness - Santa Claus\"\". Images of Santa Claus were further popularized through Haddon Sundblom's depiction of him for The Coca-Cola Company's Christmas advertising in the 1930s. The popularity of the image spawned urban legends that Santa Claus",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19863456",
"chunk_text": "\"A Kidnapped Santa Claus\"\nA Kidnapped Santa Claus \"\"A Kidnapped Santa Claus\"\" is a Christmas-themed short story written by L. Frank Baum, famous as the creator of the Land of Oz; it has been called \"\"one of Baum's most beautiful stories\"\" and constitutes an influential contribution to the mythology of Christmas. \"\"A Kidnapped Santa Claus\"\" was first published in the December 1904 edition of \"\"The Delineator\"\", the women's magazine that would print Baum's \"\"Animal Fairy Tales\"\" in the following year. The magazine text was \"\"admirably illustrated\"\" with \"\"pen drawings of marked originality\"\" by Frederick Richardson, who would illustrate Baum's \"\"Queen Zixi of Ix\"\" in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19863463",
"chunk_text": "\"A Kidnapped Santa Claus\"\nRuth Ann Pattee's play \"\"Can Mrs. Claus Save Christmas?\"\" (2000). An interactive musical, also under the title \"\"Santa Claus is Missing,\"\" written by Morna Murphy with songs by Ralph Martell, played at the Staten Island Children's Museum from 2003 to 2008. A Kidnapped Santa Claus \"\"A Kidnapped Santa Claus\"\" is a Christmas-themed short story written by L. Frank Baum, famous as the creator of the Land of Oz; it has been called \"\"one of Baum's most beautiful stories\"\" and constitutes an influential contribution to the mythology of Christmas. \"\"A Kidnapped Santa Claus\"\" was first published in the December 1904 edition",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3249077",
"chunk_text": "\"Father Christmas\"\nSanta Claus, who with a right good will / Comes down the chimney with a footstep airy ...\"\" \"\"A Visit from St. Nicholas\"\" was published in England in December 1853 in \"\"Notes and Queries\"\". An explanatory note states that the St Nicholas figure is known as Santa Claus in New York State and as Krishkinkle in Pennsylvania. 1854 marked the first English publication of \"\"Carl Krinkin; or, The Christmas Stocking\"\" by the popular American author Susan Warner. The novel was published three times in London in 1854-5, and there were several later editions. Characters in the book include both Santa",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8008619",
"chunk_text": "\"Kringle (book)\"\nKringle (book) Kringle is an American children's novel by author Tony Abbott. The story chronicles the origins of Kris Kringle, also known as Santa Claus. The book was released in 2005. \"\"Summary is coming from the Scholastic website:\"\" \"\"Unlike the traditional Santa Claus myth, Kringle is a coming-of-age story about an orphan who becomes a force for good in a dark and violent time. It is a tale of fantasy, of goblins, elves, and flying reindeer — and of a boy from the humblest beginnings who fulfills his destiny. Our tale begins in 500 A.D., when goblins kidnapped human children",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11639449",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus\"\nmodel, man in His image and likeness.\"\" Under the Marxist–Leninist doctrine of state atheism in the Soviet Union after its foundation in 1917, Christmas celebrations—along with other religious holidays—were prohibited as a result of the Soviet antireligious campaign. The League of Militant Atheists encouraged school pupils to campaign against Christmas traditions, among them being Santa Claus and the Christmas tree, as well as other Christian holidays including Easter; the League established an antireligious holiday to be the 31st of each month as a replacement. In his book \"\"Nicholas: The Epic Journey from Saint to Santa Claus\"\", writer Jeremy Seal describes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5375718",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Claus in film\"\nwhere he referred often to as North (Alec Baldwin), is shown as one of the main characters and leader of the guardians, who are the heroes of movie. In the show \"\"South Park\"\", Santa is often depicted with firearms; in the episode \"\"Red Sleigh Down\"\", he battles Iraqis to try to bring Christmas to Iraq. In the episode \"\"A Woodland Critter Christmas\"\", he uses a combat shotgun to blast away satanic animals who try to give birth to the AntiChrist. Santa (played by Nick Frost) made a brief appearance at the end of the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episode, \"\"Death in Heaven\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_903
|
who wins the next iron chef super chefs?
|
n/a
|
[
"Zakarian",
"Geoffrey Zakarian"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2937316",
"chunk_text": "\"The Next Iron Chef\"\ncontest was judged by food writer Michael Ruhlman, \"\"Bon Appétit\"\" restaurant editor Andrew Knowlton, and restaurateur Donatella Arpaia. The judges are restaurateur Donatella Arpaia, food author and long-time Iron Chef America judge Jeffrey Steingarten and sustainable food expert Anya Fernald. The judges are restaurateur Donatella Arpaia, food writer and broadcaster Simon Majumdar and current Iron Chef Michael Symon, winner of the Season 1 competition. As the winner of the Secret Ingredient Challenge, Chef Estes was able to have a five-minute advantage to grab ingredients from the \"\"pantry\"\" and start cooking. As the winner of the previous challenge, Maneet Chauhan was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14302193",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\nIron Chefs, spread by the Chairman \"\"like Johnny Appleseed\"\". In the first episode of that season, \"\"Iron Chef UK\"\" chef Judy Joo competed on the US show against Iron Chef Guarnaschelli as an Iron Chef. Unlike the original \"\"Iron Chef\"\" or \"\"Iron Chef USA\"\", Alton Brown, rather than the Chairman, is credited as the show's host. In 2017, \"\"Iron Chef Showdown\"\" premiered as the spiritual successor to \"\"Iron Chef America\"\", with a revised format and returning Iron Chefs Bobby Flay, Jose Garces, Alex Guarnaschelli, and Michael Symon joined by \"\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\" winner Stephanie Izard. On April 5, 2018, Food",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"The Next Iron Chef\"\nChallenges six and seven took place in Munich, Germany and Paris, France respectively. The final challenge took place at the Food Network studios in New York City, on the Iron Chef America set. The winner of \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" was Cleveland restaurant chef Michael Symon. Season 2 premiered on October 4, 2009, and featured ten chefs battling to be the newest Iron Chef. The show was based in Los Angeles before traveling to Tokyo for two episodes, and again hosted by Alton Brown and \"\"The Chairman\"\" Mark Dacascos. Following a final battle in Kitchen Stadium, Chicago-born Ecuadorian-American chef Jose",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Next Iron Chef\"\nGarces, was selected the newest Iron Chef. Garces debuted as an Iron Chef on January 17, 2010, when he squared off against Seattle chef Rachel Yang. Food Network began airing commercials for the third season of \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" in July 2010. It was later announced in an internet press release that Alton Brown and judge Donatella Arpaia would return for season 3. Completing the judges panel are food writer and broadcaster Simon Majumdar and current Iron Chef Michael Symon. Season 3 began airing on October 3, 2010 on Food Network. The winner of season 3 was Marc Forgione.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\nthe Gauntlet were Bobby Flay, Masaharu Morimoto, and Michael Symon. The second season of \"\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\" began airing April 4, 2018 and is scheduled for six episodes. The Gauntlet Iron Chefs for the second season will be Alex Guarnaschelli, \"\"Gauntlet\"\" season one winner Stephanie Izard, and Michael Symon. Each regular episode consists of two challenges. The first is the Chairman's Challenge, with Brown announcing a theme in which all chefs must cook a dish for him to judge. The loser of this round is entered into the second round; the winner is safe from elimination for the week and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nNext Iron Chef\"\". In 2010, Chef Marc Forgione won the third season of The Next Iron Chef, becoming the seventh Iron Chef on Iron Chef America. Chef Geoffrey Zakarian won The Next Iron Chef's fourth season in 2011, making him the eighth Iron Chef. In 2012, Chef Alexandra Guarnaschelli became the ninth and most recent Iron Chef after winning the fifth season of \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\". Even though both Todd English and Kerry Simon from \"\"Iron Chef USA\"\" have competed on \"\"Iron Chef America\"\", there has been no mention of their ICU tenure. Iron Chef Gauntlet is a Spring",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef Showdown\"\nChefs Bobby Flay, Jose Garces, Alex Guarnaschelli, and Michael Symon return for this series; they are joined by the newest Iron Chef, \"\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\" winner Stephanie Izard. During taping of the first season, Bobby Flay removed his chef's coat to reveal a T-shirt which read \"\"This is my last Iron Chef battle ever\"\"; he later confirmed that he has officially quit the \"\"Iron Chef\"\" franchise. Two challengers enter Kitchen Stadium and battle one another in a Chairman's Challenge based upon a secret ingredient. Alton Brown is the sole judge of this challenge and decides which of the two challengers",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nthe nephew of Takeshi Kaga). The show received high ratings and rave reviews and in October 2004, Food Network began taping weekly episodes that premiered starting in January 2005. Some changes were made to the show, most notably replacing Puck with Morimoto as an Iron Chef (a fourth, Cat Cora, was added later), and the location was moved from Los Angeles to New York City. The fifth Iron Chef, Michael Symon, was added for his win in \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\". In 2009, Chef Jose Garces became the sixth Iron Chef following his victory in the second season of \"\"The",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\n\"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" in October 2010. Competition took place in Los Angeles, before moving to Las Vegas. The final battle took place in Kitchen Stadium between Chefs Marco Canora and Marc Forgione, with traditional Thanksgiving proteins, such as turkey, lobster and venison as the secret ingredient. Chef Marc Forgione was declared the winner of the third season of \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" on November 21, 2010. His first battle took place on November 28, 2010, against Washington, D.C.-based Chef RJ Cooper. In October 2011, a fourth season of \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" premiered featuring super chefs like Alex Guarnaschelli,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\nAnne Burrell, Robert Irvine, among others. The December 18 battle in Kitchen Stadium featured Geoffrey Zakarian and Elizabeth Falkner. Zakarian prevailed and was named the winner. His first battle aired on December 25, 2011 during which he emerged victorious, being the second chef ever to receive a perfect overall score of 60 on \"\"Iron Chef America\"\". The fifth season of \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" in November 2012 featured 8 chefs who had previously competed on the show, plus 2 newcomers. In the final battle, Alex Guarnaschelli defeated Amanda Freitag, becoming the second female Iron Chef, as well as the first",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\nMichael Symon was declared the winner of the competition and subsequently joined \"\"Iron Chef America\"\". A second season of \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" pitted ten chefs against one another for the title of Iron Chef beginning in October 2009. This season ran for eight episodes, during which the contestants competed in culinary challenges held in the United States and Japan. Contestants were eliminated by a panel of judges at the end of each episode until the finale, in which chefs Jehangir Mehta and Jose Garces returned to the United States to compete in Kitchen Stadium. The final battle featured various",
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"chunk_text": "\"Marc Forgione\"\nMarc Forgione Marc Forgione is one of the Iron Chefs competing on Food Network's \"\"Iron Chef America\"\" and owner of restaurant Marc Forgione in New York City. He was born on December 16, 1978, and raised in Bellerose, New York. Chef Forgione competed on and won season three of \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" in 2010. Marc began his career at the age of 16, joining his father, Larry Forgione, in the kitchen at An American Place. Marc fully embraced his father's livelihood and has built on his unique culinary foundation to carve out an identity of his own. Marc is",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Next Iron Chef\"\nable to assign the dishes to prepare to each chef. Mary Dumont, having come in last, received a one-minute penalty assessed at the beginning. As the winner of the previous challenge, Marc Forgione was able to replace one of his caught fishes with someone else. He replaced one of his scorpion fishes with Celina Tio's caught snapper as a result. Duskie Estes, having come in last, received a one-minute penalty assessed at the beginning. As the winner of the previous challenge, Celina Tio had a five-minute head start in the 30-minute hunt for ingredients on the fair grounds. Maneet Chauhan,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Stephanie Izard\"\nof appearances on \"\"Top Chef\"\" since her win, both as a guest judge on subsequent seasons and as a participant in \"\"Top Chef Duels\"\". In 2017, Izard competed in the Food Network series \"\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\", where she overall defeated chefs Bobby Flay, Michael Symon, and Masaharu Morimoto to obtain the title of Iron Chef. Stephanie Izard was born in the Chicago suburb of Evanston, Illinois and grew up in Stamford, Connecticut, where she developed an interest in food from her parents. She earned a degree in sociology from the University of Michigan in 1998 before attending the Le Cordon",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nChef French Jean Francois Meteigner, Iron Chef Italian Alessandro Stratta, and Iron Chef Asian Roy Yamaguchi. In the show's only two battles, English defeated Kerry Simon in a dungeness crab battle, and Stratta defeated Marcus Samuelsson in a turkey battle. These shows were neither a critical nor popular success, perhaps because the show focused little on cooking—a major part of the Japanese program. The show had a small audience section with bleachers, and the audience yelled relentlessly during the show (sounding much like a sports audience). Shatner walked around the kitchen sampling the more expensive items, the chefs refused to",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\nracks and ribs (pork, buffalo, and beef) as the secret ingredient, and was judged by the panel along with Iron Chefs Flay, Morimoto, and Symon. Chef Jose Garces was declared the winner of the competition, and joined \"\"Iron Chef America\"\" as its newest Iron Chef. Garces made his debut as an Iron Chef on January 17, 2010 against Seattle chefs Rachel Yang and Seif Chirchi in Battle Hawaiian Moi, with Iron Chef Garces emerging victorious. Jose Garces went on to receive the first perfect score ever in Season 9 (see List of Episodes). Food Network launched its third season of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nshow was still a battle between one of the three Super Chefs or Iron Chefs that has been selected by a Challenger Chef to served the three or four dishes with a predetermined main ingredients. The winner will be announced by the chairman based on the scores that have been given by the guest judges. The chairman role will be played by Edward Akbar, the field reporter by Yuda Bustara, the commentator by Kevindra Prianto Soemantri and the randomly guest judges which consists of chefs, celebrities, businesspersons and executives every week. On October 17, 2018, \"\"Iron Chef Canada\"\" premiered on",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Next Iron Chef\"\nThe Next Iron Chef The Next Iron Chef is a limited-run series on the Food Network that aired its fifth season in 2012. Each season is a stand-alone competition to select a chef to be designated an Iron Chef, who will appear on the Food Network program \"\"Iron Chef America\"\". In Season 1, eight chefs from around the United States battled to be the next Iron Chef. The show debuted Sunday, October 7, 2007, and the hosts were Alton Brown and \"\"The Chairman\"\", Mark Dacascos. Challenges one through five of the competition were held at the Culinary Institute of America.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\nremaining two chefs compete in the Secret Ingredient Showdown. In the season finale, the last remaining chef competes in three Secret Ingredient Showdowns, one against each of the three Iron Chefs. If the chef's overall score is higher than the combined total of the three, he/she is awarded the title of Iron Chef. If the chef's overall score falls short, no new Iron Chef is named for the season. Alton Brown was added as a third judge only for the third battle of the Gauntlet Goat and chocolate are the options, and LeFevre chooses goat. Bacon and sturgeon are the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nand the best dish from the challenging team is also announced. The challengers with the best dish returns on Friday to compete against the best Iron Chef of the week. The Seven Network announced in August 2010 that an Australian version was planned, in part to capitalize on the success of the highly popular \"\"MasterChef Australia\"\". The Australian Iron Chefs were Neil Perry, Guy Grossi and Guillaume Brahimi, while the show features a static judging panel composed of food critics Larissa Dubecki, Simon Thomsen and Leo Schofield. Mark Dacascos reprises his role as The Chairman from \"\"Iron Chef America\"\", and",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Next Iron Chef\"\nhaving come in last, received a one-minute penalty assessed at the beginning of cooking. Note: In this episode, Iron Chef Jose Garces served as a guest judge, substituting for fellow Iron Chef Michael Symon. (This episode was originally intended to be a double elimination. However, because there was a three-way tie for the second chef to be eliminated, the remaining four chefs were allowed to continue to the next round.) Secret Ingredient: Thanksgiving Feast (heritage turkey, white pekin duck, venison, lobster) The judges for season four were current Iron Chef Michael Symon, food writer and broadcaster Simon Majumdar, and Iron",
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"chunk_text": "\"Sarah Grueneberg\"\nrestaurant, Monteverde Restaurant & Pastificio, in 2016. She had been planning it since 2013, with her friend Meg Sahs. The restaurant serves Italian cuisine. In 2017, she was nominated for the first time for a James Beard Foundation Award in the category of Best Chef Great Lakes, and won the award. Also that year, she appeared on the television series \"\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\" as one of the contestants. She also won the first episode of the television series \"\"Beat Bobby Flay\"\" which aired on 08/24/2013. She beat Bobby Flay. Sarah Grueneberg Sarah Grueneberg is an American chef who is head",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\ncommentary. Three new Iron Chefs were chosen; Jun Kurogi as Iron Chef Japanese, Yūji Wakiya as Iron Chef Chinese, and Yōsuke Suga as Iron Chef French. The first battle in the new show was a two-hour special with two battles. The first challenger was former Kitchen Stadium challenger Kenichi Miyanaga, recommended by Iron Chef Rokusaburo Michiba. Miyanaga is Michiba's top apprentice and battled Iron Chef Suga. The challenger in the second battle was Kentaro Chen, recommended by his father Iron Chef Chen Kenichi, who battled Iron Chef Wakiya. It was announced, after airing thirteen episodes, that the new run of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef Showdown\"\nan Iron Chef in \"\"Iron Chef Showdown\"\" and does not include win/loss records on any previous programs including \"\"Iron Chef,\"\" \"\"Iron Chef America,\"\" \"\"The Next Iron Chef,\"\" or \"\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\". Prior to the premiere episode of \"\"Showdown\"\", Food Network aired a one-time special, \"\"Iron Chef: Outside the Stadium\"\", which reviewed current status of former and current Iron Chefs Bobby Flay, Alex Guarnaschelli, Geoffrey Zakarian, Stephanie Izard, Michael Symon, Jose Garces and Wolfgang Puck. After each episode of \"\"Showdown\"\", Food Network will air an episode of the companion series \"\"Iron Chef: Behind the Battle\"\". In this series, Alton Brown will",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\nIron Chef Gauntlet Iron Chef Gauntlet is a television series on Food Network that began airing on April 16, 2017. The series is a reboot of the \"\"Iron Chef\"\" and \"\"Iron Chef America\"\" series that gained popularity on Food Network and is hosted by Alton Brown, who also takes over as the series' Chairman. Seven chefs from around the country battle each other in an elimination contest, with the last chef remaining then facing a \"\"gauntlet\"\" challenge of defeating three other Iron Chefs in order to earn the title of Iron Chef. In the first season, the Iron Chefs forming",
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"chunk_text": "\"MasterChef Junior\"\nGordon Ramsay and Christina Tosi acting as the judges, along with numerous guest judges including Julie Bowen and Mayim Bialik. The winner of \"\"MasterChef Junior\"\" season 5 was Jasmine Stewart, an eleven-year-old from Milton, Georgia. She is the first previously eliminated contestant to win the competition. The sixth season premiered on March 2, 2018, with returning chefs Gordon Ramsay and Christina Tosi acting as the judges, along with returning judge Joe Bastianich as the third judge. The winner of \"\"MasterChef Junior\"\" season 6 was Beni Cwiakala, a nine-year-old from Chicago, Illinois. Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode)",
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"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cosentino\"\nCosentino announced that he would open Jackrabbit, his first restaurant outside of California, in Portland, Oregon. Chris Cosentino Chris Cosentino is an American celebrity chef and reality television personality known as the winner of \"\"Top Chef Masters\"\", a competitor on \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" and for his appearances on \"\"Iron Chef America\"\". He is known for his haute cuisine offal dishes, and was chef-partner at \"\"Incanto\"\" in San Francisco. \"\"Forbes Traveler\"\" called \"\"Incanto\"\" \"\"perhaps America’s most adventurous nose-to-tail restaurant … On offer are lamb’s necks, pig trotters and a five-course nose-to-tail tasting menu perhaps including venison kidneys and chocolate-blood panna",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nfaced off against each other in a three-part battle, with the winner to face French chef Alain Passard, owner of Michelin three-star restaurant L’Arpege, with the winner dubbed the \"\"King of Iron Chefs\"\". In the first round, Iron Chef Chinese Chen defeated Iron Chef Italian Kobe in Battle Pork (Tokyo X). In the second round Iron Chef French Sakai defeated Iron Chef Japanese Morimoto in Battle Bell Pepper. In the final match, Sakai defeated Chen in Battle Homard Lobster and was dubbed \"\"King of Iron Chefs\"\". Prior to that episode, Sakai had never won a lobster battle. In the final",
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"chunk_id": "13513390",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef Showdown\"\ningredient or ingredients, and sometimes theme. The show is presented as a re-imagined take on \"\"Iron Chef America\"\". The Chairman is once again portrayed by actor and martial artist Mark Dacascos, who was introduced as the nephew of the original Japanese chairman Takeshi Kaga on \"\"Iron Chef America\"\". The commentary is provided by Alton Brown who also serves as the host as well as a judge, and a new floor reporter Jaymee Sire is introduced. The series premiered on Food Network on November 8, 2017 with a Thanksgiving-themed episode, with ten episodes total to air in the first season. Iron",
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"chunk_text": "\"Geoffrey Zakarian\"\nFood Network's series \"\"24 Hour Restaurant Battle\"\", also as a judge. He has also been on Top Chef as a judge and has appeared in Hell's Kitchen. Zakarian competed as well as a challenger on Iron Chef America in May 2010 where he faced Masaharu Morimoto and lost with a score of 57 to 43. Zakarian was named the winner of The Next Iron Chef in December 2011, defeating Elizabeth Falkner in the season finale. In January 2014, Zakarian became a co-host on the Food Network's series \"\"The Kitchen\"\" along with Jeff Mauro, Katie Lee, Marcela Valladolid and Sunny Anderson.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Aarón Sanchez\"\nAarón Sanchez Aarón Sánchez (born February 12, 1976) is an American award-winning celebrity chef, restaurateur, television personality, cookbook author and philanthropist. He is the executive chef and part-owner of the Mexican restaurant Johnny Sánchez with a location in New Orleans. He co-starred on Food Network’s hit series \"\"Chopped\"\" and \"\"Chopped Jr.\"\" and hosted of Cooking Channel's Emmy-nominated \"\"Taco Trip\"\". He has appeared on \"\"Iron Chef America\"\", and is one of the few chefs whose battles have ended in a draw, tying with Masaharu Morimoto in \"\"Battle Black Bass\"\" in Season 2. He was also a contestant on \"\"The Next Iron",
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"chunk_text": "\"Stephanie Izard\"\nMichael Symon, earning the title Iron Chef in the process. Izard has a dog named Burt, who is a frequent guest on her social media networks and has his own Twitter. Izard currently resides in Chicago with her son, Ernie (born in 2016), husband, Gary Valentine, a craft beer consultant, whom she married on October 6, 2013. Stephanie Izard Stephanie Izard (born October 30, 1976) is an American top chef residing in Chicago, Illinois, best known as the first female chef to win Bravo's \"\"Top Chef\"\", taking the title during its fourth season. She is the co-owner and executive chef",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\non video, and presented a supplemental range of sustainable foods to be used in the battle, it fell to announcer Alton Brown to start the battle with the traditional \"\"\"\"Allez cuisine!\"\"\"\" This battle was also the first that carried a prize: $25,000 was donated to City Meals, a New York charity similar to Meals on Wheels in the names of the winning team. Iron Chef Flay and Chef Comerford defeated Iron Chefs Batali and Lagasse. On January 2, 2011, \"\"Battle Deep Freeze\"\" aired. The show featured Iron Chef Michael Symon and Chef Anne Burrell facing off against Iron Chef Cat",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\npeople who participated in the featured moments. In 2007, a competition was held to determine who among eight chefs would become the next Iron Chef. The show ran for six episodes, and followed the contestants through a series of eight culinary challenges taking place in the United States, France, and Germany. Contestants were eliminated by a panel of judges at the end of each episode, until the final two chefs returned to the United States to compete in Kitchen Stadium. The final battle featured swordfish as the secret ingredient, and was judged by Iron Chefs Flay, Cora, and Morimoto. Chef",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\n2017 Alton Brown tweeted and Food Network announced that Iron Chef America would be returning in last quarter of 2017 as \"\"Iron Chef Showdown\"\". After the active Iron Chefs are introduced by Alton Brown, the challenger chef is introduced. The Iron Chef introduction sequence is sometimes skipped in the holiday shows and other specials. In the first two seasons, the Chairman announced the challenger's Iron Chef opponent. Starting with Season 3, the show returned to the format of its predecessor, where the challenger chef selects the Iron Chef they will battle. In reality, the match-ups are determined well in advance",
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"chunk_text": "\"Angelo Sosa\"\nAngelo Sosa Angelo Sosa is an American born chef of Italian and Dominican descent. He faced Bobby Flay on Iron Chef America (Season 12, Episode 7 released March 2, 2014) and appeared on BEAT BOBBY FLAY MAY 25, 2017 on food network channel. He appeared on the seventh season of the Bravo reality television show \"\"Top Chef\"\". He finished as a runner-up, losing to Kevin Sbraga. Early in his career, he met Jean-Georges Vongerichten who became his mentor, and went on to work for him at Jean Georges, Dune, and Spice Market, where he served as Executive Sous Chef. Shortly",
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"chunk_text": "\"MasterChef (U.S. season 9)\"\nMasterChef (U.S. season 9) Season 9 of the American competitive reality TV series MasterChef premiered on Fox on May 30, 2018. Gordon Ramsay and Aarón Sanchez return from last season as judges, while former judge Joe Bastianich returns to the show as the third judge, replacing Christina Tosi. This season introduced a new format to the show, as the three judges each selected eight contestants to give aprons to, and then the judges mentor their respective contestants throughout the competition. Gerron Hurt was announced the winner, with Ashley Mincey and Cesar Cano as co-runners-up. Except where noted, source for all",
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"chunk_text": "\"Top Chef (season 15)\"\nTop Chef (season 15) Top Chef: Colorado is the fifteenth season of the American reality television series \"\"Top Chef\"\". Initial details about the season and its cast were revealed on October 12, 2017. The show was filmed in various cities across Colorado, including Denver, Boulder, Telluride, and Aspen. The season premiered on December 7, 2017, and concluded on March 8, 2018. \"\"Last Chance Kitchen\"\" premiered on November 30, 2017. In the season finale, Joseph Flamm was declared the Top Chef, defeating Adrienne Cheatham. Fatima Ali was voted Fan Favorite. \"\"Top Chef: Colorado\"\" features a cast of 15 new contestants. In",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\nGauntlet. In the show, various restaurants and foods are profiled which are places where Iron Chefs and Iron Chef competitors go to eat. Iron Chef Gauntlet Iron Chef Gauntlet is a television series on Food Network that began airing on April 16, 2017. The series is a reboot of the \"\"Iron Chef\"\" and \"\"Iron Chef America\"\" series that gained popularity on Food Network and is hosted by Alton Brown, who also takes over as the series' Chairman. Seven chefs from around the country battle each other in an elimination contest, with the last chef remaining then facing a \"\"gauntlet\"\" challenge",
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"chunk_text": "\"MasterChef (U.S. season 9)\"\nnames, hometowns, and occupations: All ages and nicknames as given on air. MasterChef (U.S. season 9) Season 9 of the American competitive reality TV series MasterChef premiered on Fox on May 30, 2018. Gordon Ramsay and Aarón Sanchez return from last season as judges, while former judge Joe Bastianich returns to the show as the third judge, replacing Christina Tosi. This season introduced a new format to the show, as the three judges each selected eight contestants to give aprons to, and then the judges mentor their respective contestants throughout the competition. Gerron Hurt was announced the winner, with Ashley",
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"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\nthat the American Iron Chefs competed against each other, with the team of Bobby Flay and Michael Symon battling against Cat Cora and Masaharu Morimoto. There were two floor reporters for this special: regular floor reporter Kevin Brauch covered Flay and Symon while ICA judge Ted Allen covered Cora and Morimoto. In addition, Mark Ecko appeared early in the episode to present the new Iron Chef jackets and describe the design process. Iron Chefs Flay and Symon defeated Iron Chefs Cora and Morimoto by one point. First Lady Michelle Obama's White House Kitchen Garden was featured in a new special",
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5692306",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nMichiba, Iron Chef Chinese Chen Kenichi, and Iron Chef French Yutaka Ishinabe. After the first season, Ishinabe decided to step down and become an 'honorary Iron Chef', thus passing the mantle of Iron Chef French to Hiroyuki Sakai in 1994. Ishinabe would return for two more battles during Season 3. At the beginning of Season 4 in 1996, Michiba announced his retirement and debuted Koumei Nakamura as the new Iron Chef Japanese. Michiba would return on rare occasions for special Kitchen Stadium battles. In 1997, Chairman Kaga announced a new, additional Iron Chef to the group: Iron Chef Italian Masahiko",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6258935",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\nepisode on January 3, 2010. The episode, called \"\"The Super Chef Battle\"\", featured Iron Chef Mario Batali and Super Chef Emeril Lagasse against Iron Chef Bobby Flay and White House Executive Chef Cristeta Comerford in a battle that required the chefs to create an American meal, with the produce from the White House garden as the secret ingredient. First Lady Michelle Obama made a special appearance, welcoming the chefs to the White House, and announcing the secret ingredient. This battle was also notable as the first for which the Chairman was not present in Kitchen Stadium. Although the Chairman appeared",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13515235",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef America\"\n(Symon/Flay v. Cora/Morimoto) and Battle White House Produce (Batali/Lagasse v. Flay/Comerford). Per the introduction fiction from the \"\"Battle of the Masters\"\" miniseries (and ignoring story elements from the 2002 \"\"Iron Chef\"\" Japan Cup Special), Chairman Kaga (the character) has ordered his nephew to continue the tradition of Kitchen Stadium, initially in Los Angeles, where the \"\"Battle of the Master\"\"s took place, before establishing a permanent Kitchen Stadium in New York's Chelsea Market. For the \"\"Battle of the Masters\"\", the elder Chairman dispatched two Iron Chefs: Hiroyuki Sakai and Masaharu Morimoto. In Season 11, the show's fiction expanded to include international",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6769195",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nwhile season 2 saw the inclusion of Italian chef Alfredo Russo, meaning both Michelin star holders would have to compete against each other for a spot in the final bout. The show is actively hosted by actor Oded Menashe and the regular commentators are chef Yaron Kastenboim and catering company owner Ran Shmueli. While in season 1, the panel of judges was made up mostly of celebrities from the entertainment industry, season 2 features renowned persons from the culinary industry, such as restaurant critics and chefs. The competitors prepare a three-course meal, with each dish given a score of up",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10750328",
"chunk_text": "\"Hell's Kitchen (U.S. season 18)\"\nHell's Kitchen (U.S. season 18) Hell's Kitchen: Rookies vs Veterans is the eighteenth season of the American competitive reality television series \"\"Hell's Kitchen\"\" and premiered on September 28, 2018, on Fox. Gordon Ramsay returns as host and head chef, and Season 10 winner Christina Wilson and British \"\"MasterChef\"\" judge James \"\"Jocky\"\" Petrie return as the red and blue sous chefs, respectively, alongside maitre'd Marino Monferrato. This season features eight new contestants battling eight returning veterans. For the first time, the winner of this season will receive a position as an executive chef at Gordon Ramsay Hell's Kitchen Restaurant at Caesars",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5692337",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\n2017 revival series of \"\"The Next Iron Chef\"\" on \"\"Food Network\"\". Iron Chef Showdown is a Fall 2017 revival series of \"\"Iron Chef\"\" on \"\"Food Network\"\". In 2007, Krav Sakinim (, Knife Fight), a show based on Iron Chef, began airing on Israel's Channel 10. Each episode features a different prominent Israeli chef, who competes against one of the show's featured foreign chefs. All Israeli winners compete against one another in the finals and the winner competes against a foreign chef for the title of season champion. Season 1 featured only French chef Stéphane Froidevaux, who won the season's finale,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1175078",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nformer challenger Yuji Wakiya (who would later be Iron Chef Chinese on the 2012 revival). To break the tie, Chairman Kaga asked them to allow him this one instance of selfishness, and he cast his vote for the French team. In the case of a deadlock (as was possible during the era of the four-judge panel), first place is awarded to the chef with the greater number of points. On the rare occasions that the scores were also tied, an immediate \"\"overtime battle\"\" was held to determine the winner. In overtime the chefs are given 30 minutes to prepare dishes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6769167",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Chef\"\nthe win went to the chef who won three of the four judges, or, failing that, the chef that makes the highest points total.) Chairman Kaga tastes the dishes along with the judges. While he occasionally makes comments and seeks input from judges during tasting, he generally does not participate in scoring; he did, however, during the \"\"2000th Dish\"\" Battle. During this episode, a team of French cuisine chefs—captain Hiroyuki Sakai, the original Iron Chef French Yutaka Ishinabe, and former challenger and Etsuo Joh—battled a team of Chinese cuisine chefs composed of captain Chen Kenichi, former challenger Sozo Myamoto, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2937315",
"chunk_text": "\"The Next Iron Chef\"\nChef Forgione engaged in his first battle on November 28, 2010. By November 30, 2010, Next Iron Chef's music composer Craig Marks released the soundtrack \"\"Iron Chef America & The Next Iron Chef\"\", which contains themes from all seasons of both shows. During Season 4, the eliminated chefs were interviewed during the week following the episode airdate on ABC's \"\"The Chew\"\". The first castoff was interviewed on November 1, 2011. Season 5 aired from November 4, 2012 to December 23, 2012 and was called \"\"The Next Iron Chef: Redemption\"\". In 2017, the series was revived as \"\"Iron Chef Gauntlet\"\". The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_904
|
where are the hormones of the anterior pituitary created?
|
n/a
|
[
"The pars distalis"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15781616",
"chunk_text": "\"Anterior pituitary\"\nAnterior pituitary A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior), is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction and lactation. Proper functioning of the anterior pituitary and of the organs it regulates can often be ascertained via blood tests that measure hormone levels. The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland that sits in a protective bony enclosure called the sella turcica (\"\"Turkish chair/saddle\"\"). It is composed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14951650",
"chunk_text": "\"Anterior pituitary\"\nis also known as the adenohypophysis, meaning \"\"glandular undergrowth\"\", from the Greek \"\"adeno-\"\" (\"\"gland\"\"), \"\"hypo\"\" (\"\"under\"\"), and \"\"physis\"\" (\"\"growth\"\"). Anterior pituitary A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior), is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction and lactation. Proper functioning of the anterior pituitary and of the organs it regulates can often be ascertained via blood tests that measure hormone levels. The pituitary gland is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14951644",
"chunk_text": "\"Anterior pituitary\"\nanterior pituitary contains five types of endocrine cell, and they are defined by the hormones they secrete: somatotropes (GH); Lactotropes (PRL); gonadotropes (LH and FSH); corticotropes (ACTH) and thyrotropes (TSH). It also contains non-endocrine folliculostellate cells which are thought to stimulate and support the endocrine cell populations. Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are trophic hormones (Greek: trophe, “nourishment”) and tropic hormones. \"\"Trophic hormones\"\" directly affect growth either as hyperplasia or hypertrophy on the tissue it is stimulating. \"\"Tropic hormones\"\" are named for their ability to act directly on target tissues or other endocrine glands to release hormones, causing numerous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1727495",
"chunk_text": "\"Anterior pituitary\"\ncascading physiological responses. Hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus. Neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus project axons to the median eminence, at the base of the brain. At this site, these cells can release substances into small blood vessels that travel directly to the anterior pituitary gland (the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal vessels). Aside from hypothalamic control of the anterior pituitary, other systems in the body have been shown to regulate the anterior pituitary’s function. GABA can either stimulate or inhibit the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) and can stimulate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19293861",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary adenoma\"\nneurons that extend from the hypothalamus to which it is connected via the pituitary stalk. The hormones vasopressin and oxytocin, produced by the neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, are stored in the posterior lobe and released from axon endings (dendrites) within the lobe. The pituitary gland's anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) is a true gland which produces and secretes six different hormones: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL). Diagnosis of pituitary adenoma can be made, or at least suspected, by a constellation of related symptoms",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9480445",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\ntypes of cells can be differentiated. The posterior lobe develops as an extension of the hypothalamus. The posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized by cell bodies in the hypothalamus. The magnocellular neurosecretory cells, of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei located in the hypothalamus, project axons down the infundibulum to terminals in the posterior pituitary. This simple arrangement differs sharply from that of the adjacent anterior pituitary, which does not develop from the hypothalamus. The release of pituitary hormones by both the anterior and posterior lobes is under the control of the hypothalamus, albeit in different ways. The anterior pituitary synthesizes and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9480443",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\nRathke's pouch. This contrasts with the posterior pituitary, which originates from neuroectoderm. Endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary are controlled by regulatory hormones released by parvocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamic capillaries leading to infundibular blood vessels, which in turn lead to a second capillary bed in the anterior pituitary. This vascular relationship constitutes the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system. Diffusing out of the second capillary bed, the hypothalamic releasing hormones then bind to anterior pituitary endocrine cells, upregulating or downregulating their release of hormones. The anterior lobe of the pituitary can be divided into the pars tuberalis (pars glandularis) and pars",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9480440",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\nPituitary gland In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The hypophysis rests upon the hypophysial fossa of the sphenoid bone in the center of the middle cranial fossa and is surrounded by a small bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae). The anterior pituitary (or adenohypophysis) is a lobe of the gland that regulates several physiological processes (including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation). The intermediate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14951643",
"chunk_text": "\"Anterior pituitary\"\ncells, where one may also find Basophils and Acidophils. The anterior pituitary is derived from the ectoderm, more specifically from that of Rathke’s pouch, part of the developing hard palate in the embryo. The pouch eventually loses its connection with the pharynx, giving rise to the anterior pituitary. The anterior wall of Rathke's pouch proliferates, filling most of the pouch to form the pars distalis and the pars tuberalis. The posterior wall of the anterior pituitary forms the pars intermedia. Its formation from the soft tissues of the upper palate contrasts with the posterior pituitary, which originates from neuroectoderm. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5832518",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\nsecretes hormones. All releasing hormones (-RH) referred to, can also be referred to as releasing factors (-RF). Somatotropes: Corticotropes: Thyrotropes: Gonadotropes: Lactotropes: These hormones are released from the anterior pituitary under the influence of the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic hormones are secreted to the anterior lobe by way of a special capillary system, called the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system. There is also a non-endocrine cell population called folliculostellate cells. The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes the following important endocrine hormone: The posterior pituitary stores and secretes (but does not synthesize) the following important endocrine hormones: Magnocellular neurons: Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1727498",
"chunk_text": "\"Anterior pituitary\"\na role in stress response. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH release in a cascading effect that ends with the production of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. Hyperpituitarism is the condition where the pituitary secretes excessive amounts of hormones. This hypersecretion often results in the formation of a pituitary adenoma (tumour), which are benign apart from a tiny fraction. There are mainly three types of anterior pituitary tumors and their associated disorders. For example, acromegaly results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) often being released by a pituitary adenoma. This disorder can cause disfigurement and possibly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10537070",
"chunk_text": "Hypopituitarism\ngland is located at the base of the brain, and intimately connected with the hypothalamus. It consists of two lobes: the posterior pituitary, which consists of nervous tissue branching out of the hypothalamus, and the anterior pituitary, which consists of hormone-producing epithelium. The posterior pituitary secretes antidiuretic hormone, which regulates osmolarity of the blood, and oxytocin, which causes contractions of the uterus in childbirth and participates in breastfeeding. The pituitary develops in the third week of embryogenesis from interactions between the diencephalon part of the brain and the nasal cavity. The brain cells secrete FGF-8, Wnt5a and BMP-4, and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2999268",
"chunk_text": "\"Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis\"\nin which the hypothalamus and pituitary direct neuroendocrine function. The hypothalamus is located in the brain and secretes GnRH. GnRH travels down the anterior portion of the pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system and binds to receptors on the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis. In response to GnRH stimulation these cells produce LH and FSH, which travel into the blood stream. These two hormones play an important role in communicating to the gonads. In females FSH and LH act primarily to activate the ovaries to produce estrogen and inhibin and to regulate the menstrual cycle and ovarian cycle. Estrogen forms",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13833328",
"chunk_text": "\"Somatotropic cell\"\nSomatotropic cell Somatotropes (from the Greek \"\"sōmat\"\" meaning \"\"body\"\" and \"\"tropikós\"\" meaning \"\"of or pertaining to a turn or change\"\") are cells in the anterior pituitary that produce growth hormone. Somatotropic cells constitute 20% of anterior pituitary cells. They release growth hormone (GH) in response to Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH, or somatocrinin) or are inhibited by GHIH (somatostatin), both received from the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal system vein and the secondary plexus. When levels of somatotropin are low in the body, a physician may prescribe human growth hormone as a drug. Deficiency in somatotrope secretion before puberty or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9480442",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\nprotective bony enclosure called the sella turcica. It is composed of three lobes: anterior, intermediate, and posterior. In many animals, these three lobes are distinct.The intermediate is avascular and almost absent in human beings. The intermediate lobe is present in many lower animal species, in particular in rodents, mice and rats, that have been used extensively to study pituitary development and function. In all animals, the fleshy, glandular anterior pituitary is distinct from the neural composition of the posterior pituitary, which is an extension of the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary arises from an invagination of the oral ectoderm and forms",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "557692",
"chunk_text": "\"Development of the endocrine system\"\nand proteins - such as WNT4, RSPO1, FOXL2, and various estrogen receptors - have been shown to prevent the development of testicles or the lineage of male-type cells. The pituitary gland is formed within the rostral neural plate. The Rathke’s pouch, a cavity of ectodermal cells of the oropharynx, forms between the fourth and fifth week of gestation and upon full development, it gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland. By seven weeks of gestation, the anterior pituitary vascular system begins to develop. During the first 12 weeks of gestation, the anterior pituitary undergoes cellular differentiation. At 20 weeks of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2995282",
"chunk_text": "\"Posterior pituitary\"\npituitary. A few sources include the pars intermedia as part of the posterior lobe, but this is a minority view. It is based upon the gross anatomical separation of the posterior and anterior pituitary along the cystic remnants of Rathke's pouch, causing the pars intermedia to remain attached to the neurohypophysis. Two hormones are classically considered as being related to the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and vasopressin. These hormones are created in the hypothalamus and released in the posterior pituitary. After creation, they are stored in neurosecretory vesicles regrouped into Herring bodies before being secreted in the posterior pituitary via the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7622281",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\nEndocrine gland Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine organs. The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by a stalk and is enclosed by bone. It consists of a hormone-producing glandular portion (anterior pituitary) and a neural portion (posterior pituitary), which is an extension of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9480444",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\ndistalis (pars glandularis) that constitutes ~80% of the gland. The pars intermedia (the intermediate lobe) lies between the pars distalis and the pars tuberalis, and is rudimentary in the human, although in other species it is more developed. It develops from a depression in the dorsal wall of the pharynx (stomal part) known as Rathke's pouch. The anterior pituitary contains several different types of cells that synthesize and secrete hormones. Usually there is one type of cell for each major hormone formed in anterior pituitary. With special stains attached to high-affinity antibodies that bind with distinctive hormone, at least 5",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4823952",
"chunk_text": "\"Circumventricular organs\"\nthat directly extend from cell bodies in the hypothalamus, through the infundibulum. It is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull. The pituitary is sometimes referred to as the “master gland” because it has a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and guiding the activity of other glands. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone, prolactin and tropic hormones for the thyroid, gonads and adrenal glands. The posterior lobe stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which are produced in the hypothalamus. The median eminence (ME) is located in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16514031",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary adenoma\"\na constitutional duplication of a chromosome Xq26.3 including \"\"GPR101\"\", or mosaicism for the duplication (present in a minority of cells) in the case of isolated male patients. X-LAG causes about 10% of cases of pituitary gigantism. The pituitary gland or hypophysis is often referred to as the \"\"master gland\"\" of the human body. Part of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, it controls most of the body's endocrine functions via the secretion of various hormones into the circulatory system. The pituitary gland is located below the brain in a depression (fossa) of the sphenoid bone known as the sella turcica. Although anatomically and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3808237",
"chunk_text": "\"Posterior pituitary\"\nPosterior pituitary The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system. The posterior pituitary is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary. Instead, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and serve as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood. The hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system is composed of the hypothalamus (the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus), posterior pituitary, and these axonal projections. The posterior pituitary consists mainly of neuronal projections (axons) of magnocellular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13833331",
"chunk_text": "\"Somatotropic cell\"\ninjected in cows that increases milk production. Somatotropic cell Somatotropes (from the Greek \"\"sōmat\"\" meaning \"\"body\"\" and \"\"tropikós\"\" meaning \"\"of or pertaining to a turn or change\"\") are cells in the anterior pituitary that produce growth hormone. Somatotropic cells constitute 20% of anterior pituitary cells. They release growth hormone (GH) in response to Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH, or somatocrinin) or are inhibited by GHIH (somatostatin), both received from the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal system vein and the secondary plexus. When levels of somatotropin are low in the body, a physician may prescribe human growth hormone as a drug.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5924254",
"chunk_text": "Neuroendocrinology\nits product?\"\" and \"\"how is information encoded in electrical activity?\"\"[It appears that this is a primary source observation.] The pituitary gland is divided into two sections: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary's hormone secretion by sending trophic hormones down the hypothalamohypophysial portal system. For example, thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary. The posterior pituitary is innervated by the hypothalamus; the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesized by neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus and stored at the nerves' ends in the posterior pituitary. They are secreted directly into",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8622955",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\nhormonal output of the anterior pituitary and creates two hormones that it exports to the posterior pituitary for storage and later release. Four of the six anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine organs. Most anterior pituitary hormones exhibit a diurnal rhythm of release, which is subject to modification by stimuli influencing the hypothalamus. Somatotropic hormone or Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone that stimulates growth of all body tissues but especially skeletal muscle and bone. It may act directly, or indirectly via insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). GH mobilizes fats, stimulates protein synthesis,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16434222",
"chunk_text": "Somatostatin\nis then carried to the anterior pituitary gland, where it inhibits the secretion of growth hormone from somatotrope cells. The somatostatin neurons in the periventricular nucleus mediate negative feedback effects of growth hormone on its own release; the somatostatin neurons respond to high circulating concentrations of growth hormone and somatomedins by increasing the release of somatostatin, so reducing the rate of secretion of growth hormone. Somatostatin is also produced by several other populations that project centrally, i.e., to other areas of the brain, and somatostatin receptors are expressed at many different sites in the brain. In particular, populations of somatostatin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13833334",
"chunk_text": "\"Corticotropic cell\"\nCorticotropic cell Corticotropes (or corticotrophs) are basophilic cells in the anterior pituitary that produce melanocyte-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and lipotropin. The cells produce pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which undergoes cleavage to ACTH and β-lipotropin (β-LPH). These cells respond to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and make up about 20% of the cells in the anterior pituitary. Coticotrophs are cells part of the anterior pituitary gland. They release adrenocorticotropic hormone, which is also referred to as corticotropin. The release of this hormone is controlled by corticotropn releasing hormone which is formed in the cell bodies of neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus, and passes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16996751",
"chunk_text": "Neuroendocrinology\nat the base of the brain, at the median eminence. These vessels, the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal vessels, carry the hypothalamic factors to the anterior pituitary, where they bind to specific receptors on the surface of the hormone-producing cells. For example, the secretion of growth hormone is controlled by two neuroendocrine systems: the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) neurons and the somatostatin neurons, which stimulate and inhibit secretion, respectively. The GHRH neurones are located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, whereas the somatostatin cells involved in growth hormone regulation are in the periventricular nucleus. These two neuronal systems project axons to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15781617",
"chunk_text": "\"Anterior pituitary\"\nof three lobes: the anterior, intermediate, and posterior lobes. In many animals, these lobes are distinct. However, in humans, the intermediate lobe is but a few cell layers thick and indistinct; as a result, it is often considered as part of the anterior pituitary. In all animals, the fleshy, glandular anterior pituitary is distinct from the neural composition of the posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary is composed of three regions: Nota bene: The term \"\"Basophil\"\" and \"\"Acidophil\"\" is used by some books, whereas others prefer to not use these terms. This is due to the possible confusion with white blood",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12123707",
"chunk_text": "Hypopituitarism\nThese are \"\"HESX1\"\", \"\"PROP1\"\", \"\"POU1F1\"\", \"\"LHX3\"\", \"\"LHX4\"\", \"\"TBX19\"\", \"\"SOX2\"\" and \"\"SOX3\"\". Each transcription factor acts in particular groups of cells. Therefore, various genetic mutations are associated with specific hormone deficiencies. For instance, \"\"POU1F1\"\" (also known as Pit-1) mutations cause specific deficiencies in growth hormone, prolactin and TSH. In addition to the pituitary, some of the transcription factors are also required for the development of other organs; some of these mutations are therefore also associated with specific birth defects. Most of the hormones in the anterior pituitary are each part of an \"\"axis\"\" that is regulated by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20351667",
"chunk_text": "\"Neurohypophysial hormone\"\nNeurohypophysial hormone The neurohypophysial hormones form a family of structurally and functionally related peptide hormones. Their main representatives are oxytocin and vasopressin. They are named for being secreted by the \"\"neurohypophysis\"\", i.e. the posterior pituitary gland (\"\"hypophysis\"\" refers to the pituitary gland), itself a neuronal projection from the hypothalamus. Most of the circulating oxytocin and vasopressin hormones are synthesized in magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. They are then transported in neurosecretory granules along axons within the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract by axoplasmic flow to axon terminals forming the pars nervosa of the posterior pituitary.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9480441",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\nlobe synthesizes and secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone. The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is a lobe of the gland that is functionally connected to the hypothalamus by the median eminence via a small tube called the pituitary stalk (also called the infundibular stalk or the infundibulum). Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland help in controlling growth, blood pressure, energy management, all functions of the sex organs, thyroid glands and metabolism as well as some aspects of pregnancy, childbirth, nursing, water/salt concentration at the kidneys, temperature regulation and pain relief. The pituitary gland, in humans, is a pea-sized gland that sits in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19650268",
"chunk_text": "\"Peptide hormone\"\nreleased into the blood. When a peptide hormone binds to a receptor on the surface of the cell, a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm, which triggers signal transduction leading to the cellular responses. Some peptide/protein hormones (angiotensin II, basic fibroblast growth factor-2, parathyroid hormone-related protein) also interact with intracellular receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus by an intracrine mechanism. Several important peptide hormones are secreted from the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary secretes three hormones: prolactin, which acts on the mammary gland; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which acts on the adrenal cortex to regulate the secretion of glucocorticoids; and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10606484",
"chunk_text": "\"Growth hormone\"\nwhich is the truncated part of the growth hormone receptor, and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). Secretion of growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary is regulated by the neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus. These cells release the peptides Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH or \"\"somatocrinin\"\") and Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH or \"\"somatostatin\"\") into the hypophyseal portal venous blood surrounding the pituitary. GH release in the pituitary is primarily determined by the balance of these two peptides, which in turn is affected by many physiological stimulators (e.g., exercise, nutrition, sleep) and inhibitors (e.g., free fatty acids) of GH secretion. Somatotropic cells in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1727496",
"chunk_text": "\"Anterior pituitary\"\nthe secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Prostaglandins are now known to inhibit adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and also to stimulate TSH, GH and LH release. GABA, through action with the hypothalamus, has been shown experimentally to influence the level of GH secretion. Clinical evidence supports the experimental findings of the excitatory and inhibitory effects GABA has on GH secretion, dependent on GABA’s site of action within the hypothalamic-pituitary unit. The homeostatic maintenance of the anterior pituitary is crucial to our physiological well being. Increased plasma levels of TSH induce hyperthermia through a mechanism involving increased metabolism and cutaneous vasodilation. Increased levels",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4344899",
"chunk_text": "Hypothalamus\nperiventricular area of the hypothalamus. After their release into the capillaries of the third ventricle, the hypophysiotropic hormones travel through what is known as the hypothalamo-pituitary portal circulation. Once they reach their destination in the anterior pituitary, these hormones bind to specific receptors located on the surface of pituitary cells. Depending on which cells are activated through this binding, the pituitary will either begin secreting or stop secreting hormones into the rest of the bloodstream. (Bear, Mark F. \"\"Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary.\"\" Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2016. 528. Print.) Other hormones secreted from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10559364",
"chunk_text": "Neurohormone\nthe anterior pituitary where they exert their hormonal action. The residual hormones pass into the systemic circulation where they are diluted, degraded and have comparatively little effects. The synthesis, control, and release of those hormones is co-regulated by hormonal, local and synaptic signals (neurotransmitters). The neurons secreting various hormones have been found to discharge impulses in burst, causing a pulsatile release which is more efficient than a continuous release. Hypophysiotropic hormones include: Neurohypophysial hormones are synthesized in the magnocellular secretory neurons of the hypothalamus. They are then transported along neuronal axons within the infundibular stalk to their axon terminals forming",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5906266",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary apoplexy\"\nThe pituitary gland consists of two parts, the anterior (front) and posterior (back) pituitary. Both parts release hormones that control numerous other organs. In pituitary apoplexy, the main initial problem is a lack of secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin), which stimulates the secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland. This occurs in 70% of those with pituitary apoplexy. A sudden lack of cortisol in the body leads to a constellation of symptoms called \"\"adrenal crisis\"\" or \"\"Addisonian crisis\"\" (after a complication of Addison's disease, the main cause of adrenal dysfunction and low cortisol levels). The main problems are low",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9480461",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\nanterior pituitary. These various parts are separated by meningial membranes, suggesting that the pituitary of other vertebrates may have formed from the fusion of a pair of separate, but associated, glands. Most armadillos also possess a neural secretory gland very similar in form to the posterior pituitary, but located in the tail and associated with the spinal cord. This may have a function in osmoregulation. There is a structure analogous to the pituitary in the octopus brain. Although rudimentary in humans (and often considered part of the anterior pituitary), the intermediate lobe located between the anterior and posterior pituitary is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17855730",
"chunk_text": "Hypothalamus\nsupraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus produce neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin. These hormones are released into the blood in the posterior pituitary. Much smaller parvocellular neurosecretory cells, neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, release corticotropin-releasing hormone and other hormones into the hypophyseal portal system, where these hormones diffuse to the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamic nuclei include the following: \"\"See also:\"\" ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, periventricular nucleus. The hypothalamus is highly interconnected with other parts of the central nervous system, in particular the brainstem and its reticular formation. As part of the limbic system, it has connections to other limbic structures including the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13480668",
"chunk_text": "\"Hypophyseal portal system\"\nHypophyseal portal system The hypophyseal portal system is a system of blood vessels in the microcirculation at the base of the brain, connecting the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. Its main function is to quickly transport and exchange hormones between the hypothalamus arcuate nucleus and anterior pituitary gland. The capillaries in the portal system are fenestrated (have many small channels with high vascular permeability) which allows a rapid exchange between the hypothalamus and the pituitary. The main hormones transported by the system include gonadotropin-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone–releasing hormone, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The blood supply and direction of flow",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4344898",
"chunk_text": "Hypothalamus\nin turn regulates various endocrine glands and organs. Releasing hormones (also called releasing factors) are produced in hypothalamic nuclei then transported along axons to either the median eminence or the posterior pituitary, where they are stored and released as needed. In the hypothalamic–adenohypophyseal axis, releasing hormones, also known as hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic hormones, are released from the median eminence, a prolongation of the hypothalamus, into the hypophyseal portal system, which carries them to the anterior pituitary where they exert their regulatory functions on the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones. These hypophysiotropic hormones are stimulated by parvocellular neurosecretory cells located in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9480459",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\nof the pituitary in fish, apart from the lungfish, is generally different from that in other animals. In general, the intermediate lobe tends to be well developed, and may equal the remainder of the anterior pituitary in size. The posterior lobe typically forms a sheet of tissue at the base of the pituitary stalk, and in most cases sends irregular finger-like projection into the tissue of the anterior pituitary, which lies directly beneath it. The anterior pituitary is typically divided into two regions, a more anterior \"\"rostral\"\" portion and a posterior \"\"proximal\"\" portion, but the boundary between the two is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4168727",
"chunk_text": "\"Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis\"\nHypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the thalamus), and the adrenal (also called \"\"suprarenal\"\") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys). These organs and their interactions constitute the HPA axis, a major neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and regulates many body processes, including digestion, the immune system, mood and emotions, sexuality, and energy storage and expenditure. It is the common mechanism for interactions among glands, hormones, and parts of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10014543",
"chunk_text": "Proopiomelanocortin\nhormone precursor that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary, where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight, and β-lipotropin are the major end-products. However, there are at least eight potential cleavage sites within the polypeptide precursor and, depending on tissue type and the available convertases, processing may yield as many as ten biologically active peptides involved in diverse cellular functions. Cleavage sites consist of the sequences Arg-Lys, Lys-Arg,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8878989",
"chunk_text": "\"Corticotropic cell\"\nto the anterior pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system. The adrenocorticotropin hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids and some MSH- (melanocyte stimulating hormone). Stimuli for the release of corticotropin releasing hormones are Glucocorticoids inhibit the release of corticotropin releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropin hormone. Corticotropic cell Corticotropes (or corticotrophs) are basophilic cells in the anterior pituitary that produce melanocyte-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and lipotropin. The cells produce pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which undergoes cleavage to ACTH and β-lipotropin (β-LPH). These cells respond to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and make up about 20% of the cells in the anterior pituitary. Coticotrophs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12123709",
"chunk_text": "Hypopituitarism\nsense their abundance and reduce their secretion of stimulating hormones. The hormones of the posterior pituitary are produced in the hypothalamus and are carried by nerve endings to the posterior lobe; their feedback system is therefore located in the hypothalamus, but damage to the nerve endings would still lead to a deficiency in hormone release. Unless the pituitary damage is being caused by a tumor that overproduces a particular hormone, it is the lack of pituitary hormones that leads to the symptoms described above, and an excess of a particular hormone would indicate the presence of a tumor. The exception",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9480462",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\nimportant to many animals. For instance, in fish, it is believed to control physiological color change. In adult humans, it is just a thin layer of cells between the anterior and posterior pituitary. The intermediate lobe produces melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), although this function is often (imprecisely) attributed to the anterior pituitary. The intermediate lobe is, in general, not well developed in tetrapods, and is entirely absent in birds. Pituitary gland In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3490318",
"chunk_text": "\"Growth hormone–releasing hormone\"\nGrowth hormone–releasing hormone Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH), also known as somatocrinin or by several other names in its endogenous forms and as somatorelin (INN) in its pharmaceutical form, is a releasing hormone of growth hormone (GH). It is a 44-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. GHRH first appears in the human hypothalamus between 18 and 29 weeks of gestation, which corresponds to the start of production of growth hormone and other somatotropes in fetuses. GHRH is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of these arcuate neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8559979",
"chunk_text": "\"Thyroid-stimulating hormone\"\nThyroid-stimulating hormone Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, TSH, or hTSH for human TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T), and then triiodothyronine (T) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. It is a glycoprotein hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland, which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid. In 1916, Bennett M. Allen and Philip E. Smith found that the pituitary contained a thyrotropic substance. TSH (with a half life of about an hour) stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the hormone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_905
|
where was one direction what makes you beautiful filmed?
|
n/a
|
[
"Malibu, California",
"a Malibu, California beach"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662846",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\nweek. The single also topped the Irish and Scottish Singles Charts, and reached the top ten on the Australian and New Zealand Singles Charts, Flemish Ultratop 50, Canadian Hot 100, and the Japan Hot 100. The accompanying music video, directed by John Urbano, depicts One Direction spending time on a beach in Malibu, California. The music video was uploaded to YouTube on 19 August 2011 and has accumulated more than 1.0 billion views since it premiered. The clip garnered the group three MTV Video Music Awards at the 2012 ceremony. One Direction performed the song live on televised shows, at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662859",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\n2016. \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" has sold over 7 million copies worldwide. The music video for \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" was directed by John Urbano. Filmed over two days in July 2011, it premiered on 19 August 2011. On each of the five days preceding the video's premiere, One Direction posted a teaser trailer of the video online. Each teaser showed footage from the video and behind the scenes, and one member of the band announcing how many days were left until the video premiere. The video opens with One Direction spending time on a Malibu, California beach intercut with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18047648",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction\"\nworking on their debut album. Recording took place in Stockholm, London and Los Angeles, as One Direction worked with producers Carl Falk, Savan Kotecha, Steve Mac, and Rami Yacoub, among others. Released in September 2011, One Direction's debut single, \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\", reached number one on the UK Singles Chart, after becoming the most pre-ordered Sony Music Entertainment single in history. Subsequent singles, \"\"Gotta Be You\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\", peaked in the UK Singles Chart top ten. In November 2011, they signed a record deal with Columbia Records in North America. Steve Barnett, the co-chairman of Columbia Records, said",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8855873",
"chunk_text": "\"Gotta Be You (One Direction song)\"\nHot 100, but peaked at number 24 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart in the week of 28 April 2012. The single's accompanying music video was directed by John Urbano, who had previously directed the band's music video for \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\". While predominantly filmed in Lake Placid, New York, in October 2011, the clip's opening sequences were shot at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh. In October, the group told Digital Spy that they feared a crocodile attack when shooting the video. They also told Capital FM correspondent Kevin Hughes that the clip would",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18047656",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction\"\nHome\"\" was written in groups and has an average of just under five songwriters per track. Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub, and Carl Falk, who composed One Direction's hits \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\", spent six months in Stockholm developing songs for the album, and were able to shape melodies around their tones. One Direction began recording the album in May 2012, in Stockholm at Kinglet Studios. The album cover artwork features the group surrounding a traditional British K2 red telephone box, a familiar sight on the streets of the UK. \"\"Take Me Home\"\" garnered mixed reviews from music",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19892598",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\nDiscussing the song's conception, Kotecha said: After recording the song at Cosmos Studios and Kinglet Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, the band felt relieved to have a song that they were happy to release as their debut single. Band member Liam Payne called the song \"\"perfect\"\", and Harry Styles said, \"\"When we were recording in the studio we knew instantly that we wanted this track to be our first single.\"\" Styles spoke to MTV News, \"\"I think for us we wanted to release something that wasn't cheesy but it was fun. It kind of represented us, I think it took us",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18823976",
"chunk_text": "\"Glad You Came\"\nband One Direction when their single \"\"Best Song Ever\"\" peaked at number two on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in July 2013. As of May 2013, the song has sold 3,600,000 copies in the United States. The song was the best-selling song by a boy band in digital history before One Direction's \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" overtook its sales in July 2012. \"\"Glad You Came\"\" is to date The Wanted's only top 40 hit in the United States. The music video was created by Director X and was filmed in Ibiza, Spain. It sees the band on the beach, in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662861",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\n6 September 2012. As of October 2018, the music video has received 1 billion Vevo and YouTube views. One Direction performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" for the first time on \"\"Red or Black?\"\" on 10 September 2011. The performance started with hosts Ant & Dec announcing that the band was supposedly running late for their appearance, and cut to a video of One Direction boarding a London Tube carriage full of fans, as the studio version of the song began playing. Each fan on the tube was given a numbered ticket. The band and fans disembarked the tube and made",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1372807",
"chunk_text": "\"Take Me Home (One Direction album)\"\naddition, after viewing the international success of \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\", the trio conceptualised songs \"\"that kids could play on guitar and cover on YouTube.\"\" After extensive promotional appearances in support of their debut album, One Direction began recording the album in May 2012, in Stockholm, Sweden, at Kinglet Studios. In June 2012, the group continued recording the album in the United States, while touring on the final leg of their \"\"Up All Night Tour\"\". Horan, in a June interview with MTV News, disclosed that the group were intending to spend their time in July and August \"\"getting the album",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662844",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\nWhat Makes You Beautiful \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction. It served as their debut single and lead single from their debut studio album, \"\"Up All Night\"\" (2011). Written by Savan Kotecha and producer Rami Yacoub, the song was released by Syco Records on 11 September 2011. The uptempo power pop track features a prominent guitar-based chorus and riff. The middle eight consists of a \"\"na na na\"\" hook while the opening guitar riff interpolates The McCoys's 1965 single \"\"Hang on Sloopy\"\". \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" was a commercial success, reaching number one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14122686",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction: This Is Us\"\nbecause of the band's fast-track rise to stardom. The film started filming in Tokyo on 17 January 2013 and was being shot in 3D with 4K resolution RED Epic digital cameras, which Spurlock said gave a cinematic appeal. The film was later given the name \"\"One Direction: This Is Us\"\" on 19 March 2013, previously being referred to as \"\"1D3D\"\". It has been further said that the film is not scripted, with the footage genuine and of them acting \"\"naturally\"\". Styles admitted that the cameras following them around was scary but said that this film gives them the opportunity to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12002181",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction: Where We Are – The Concert Film\"\nHoran, Malik, and Tomlinson were seen being followed by a camera crew during their visit to the Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; meanwhile Payne and Styles were also followed by a camera crew during their visit to Machu Picchu in the Cusco Region of Peru. On 20 May 2014, the band announced the concert film on their official website with filming taking place by the end of June 2014 during their Where We Are Tour in San Siro Stadium in Milan, to be released on home media in December 2014. On 22 July 2014, the first teaser",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662864",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\non 22 February 2012. In the United States, One Direction performed the song along with \"\"More than This\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\" for the first time on \"\"The Today Show\"\" at the Rockefeller Center on 12 March 2012. An estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza. Melissa Lonner, senior entertainment producer for \"\"The Today Show\"\", said: \"\"One Direction is relatively unknown with no hits yet. They basically exploded, and all the adults are saying, 'Who are these people, and how do they know about it?'\"\". They also performed the song at the 2012 Kids' Choice Awards on 31 March 2012. One",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "46487",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction discography\"\nthe Take Me Home Tour and documents their origins and rise to fame. The group's debut studio album \"\"Up All Night\"\" was released in November 2011. It topped the charts in sixteen countries. The lead single, \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\", was an international hit, reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart and number four on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100; it has since been certified four and six times platinum in the US and Australia, respectively. Subsequent singles, \"\"Gotta Be You\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\", became top ten hits in the UK. The band's second studio album \"\"Take Me Home\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662863",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\n\"\"One Thing\"\", One Direction performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at Capital FM's \"\"Jingle Bell Ball\"\" on 4 December 2011, at The O Arena. They performed a medley of \"\"She Makes Me Wanna\"\" and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" with JLS on \"\"The X Factor\"\" eighth series final on 10 December 2011. The group performed \"\"One Thing\"\" and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" on \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" on 5 February 2012. In Italy, the band performed the song at the 2012 Sanremo Music Festival on 14 February 2012. In France, they performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\" on \"\"Le Grand Journal\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1062605",
"chunk_text": "\"More than This (One Direction song)\"\nThis\"\", \"\"One Thing\"\" and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at the Rockefeller Center on \"\"The Today Show\"\". An estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza. The group also performed the song during two of their major concert tours: \"\"Up All Night Tour\"\" and \"\"Take Me Home Tour\"\" (2013). Jane Stevenson of Canoe.ca listed the performance of \"\"More than This\"\" at Toronto's Molson Canadian Amphitheatre among the show's highlights. More than This (One Direction song) \"\"More than This\"\" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction from their debut studio album, \"\"Up All Night\"\" (2011). It was produced by Brian Rawling",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14122687",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction: This Is Us\"\nshow more personality, how they interact, and how they relax when not on stage. Niall Horan remarked that the film crew had access to all areas, even filming them in the toilet. Scenes shown in trailers include footage of fans telling stories related to the band following a request posted on YouTube, as well as comment from Simon Cowell, who was their mentor on \"\"The X Factor\"\" and is also a producer of the film. The world premiere of the film was held in Leicester Square, in London on 20 August 2013. The film was released in the United Kingdom",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8838170",
"chunk_text": "\"Take Me Home Tour (One Direction)\"\nshows. On 21 February 2012, One Direction attended the 2012 BRIT Awards at which they received the Best British Single award for their debut single \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\". During One Direction's acceptance speech, member Liam Payne stated that they would embark on their first arena concert tour. Reports soon followed that the tour would consist of fifteen dates across the UK and Ireland. One Direction's official website confirmed the dates, with tickets to be made available on 25 February. On 11 January 2013, the group announced the North American leg as a part of a '2013 World Tour'. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662860",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\nscenes of them driving an orange campervan. During the second verse, a group of three girls joins the band at the beach; in Styles' bridge solo, he intimately sings to one girl, Madison McMullin, individually. During the final choruses the band and girls are shown sitting around a fire, lighting sparklers and taking photographs. On video sharing website MUZU TV, the video was the fourth most-watched music video of 2011 in the UK. The video won two MTV Video Music Awards for Best Pop Video and Most Share-Worthy Video, and earned the group the award for Best New Artist on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15848910",
"chunk_text": "\"Up All Night Tour\"\ndebut album, and would commence on 18 December 2011 in Watford, England and end on 26 January 2012 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. One Direction announced the solo tour shortly after releasing their first single, \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\". Shows in the UK and Ireland were instant sell-outs causing additional shows to be added. In February 2012, One Direction announced the Oceania leg, with tour dates scheduled for April 2012, visiting Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Auckland and Wellington. While promoting the tour, band member Liam Payne stated the group wanted this trek to be a \"\"world tour\"\". Once the first leg of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18047655",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction\"\nand that's a figure we expect to double next year\"\". In August 2012, the group's record sales exceeded 8 million singles, 3 million albums, and 1 million DVDs, and they performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London, which represented the handover to Rio de Janeiro as the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics. One Direction were the biggest winners of the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards winning their three nominations on 6 September 2012, including Best New Artist. One Direction's second studio album, \"\"Take Me Home\"\", was released in November 2012. \"\"Take Me",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2491155",
"chunk_text": "\"One Thing (One Direction song)\"\nthe chart's top ten when \"\"One Thing\"\" was at number six and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at number ten for the chart week ending 22 April 2012. The single has been certified quadruple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), indicating shipments of 280,000 copies. The accompanying music video was directed by Declan Whitebloom in London on 28 November 2011. Whitebloom approached shooting the clip with a \"\"what you get, is what you get\"\" sentiment, which, as he noted, \"\"can create some real magic.\"\" In regard to its concept, Whiteboom characterised the clip as \"\"kind of Monkees or Beatles-esque\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8818183",
"chunk_text": "\"Harry Styles\"\nto a reported £2 million Syco Records record contract. One Direction's debut single, \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\", bowed at number one on the UK Singles Chart in September 2011, and their first studio album, \"\"Up All Night\"\", was released two months later. In November 2012, One Direction released their second album, \"\"Take Me Home\"\", which spawned the group's second number one single in the UK, \"\"Little Things\"\". Styles briefly dated American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift in the year of its release, leading to fan and media speculation about them writings songs about each other after their break-up. At around this period,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662866",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\nIt was included on the set list of the group's headlining sold-out show at Madison Square Garden on 3 December 2012. One Direction performed the song on two of their major concert tours: \"\"Up All Night Tour\"\" (2011–12) and \"\"Take Me Home Tour\"\" (2013). Also this song added in \"\"Where We Are Tour\"\" (2014) & \"\"On the Road Again Tour\"\" (2015). The second verse of the song had originally been sung by Malik. After Malik's departure, Payne took his verse. In 2017, Harry performed the song on his . What Makes You Beautiful \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" is a song",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20394620",
"chunk_text": "\"Up All Night (One Direction album)\"\nChoice Awards on 31 March 2012. One Direction performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\" on comedy television show \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" and also appeared in a comedy sketch with Sofía Vergara on 7 April 2012. In Australia, they performed \"\"One Thing\"\" and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at the 54th Logie Awards, where they also presented an award for \"\"Most Popular New Female Talent\"\" on 15 April 2012. On 12 August 2012, One Direction performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London, which represented the handover to Rio de Janeiro as the host",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9062142",
"chunk_text": "\"Beautiful Boy (2018 film)\"\ncast of the film. Prior to filming, Van Groeningen arranged for two weeks of rehearsals with the cast, a common practice in Flemish productions but not in Hollywood. Principal photography began on March 27, 2017 and shot through May 2017 in around Los Angeles and San Francisco. Production designer Ethan Tobman used the house from the TV series \"\"Big Little Lies\"\" for a set, making numerous alterations including to the counters. The first scenes shot for the film were the most intense, according to Van Groeningen, and involved Chalamet's character being hospitalized for a drug-overdose. Chalamet was instructed to lose",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7430199",
"chunk_text": "\"Perfect (One Direction song)\"\nat number three. This debut also broke The Beatles' record for the most top 10 Hot 100 debuts among bands. The music video was directed by Sophie Muller with additional help from actor Giovanni Ribisi and premiered on Vevo on 20 October 2015. The video, filmed in black and white, depicts how the band lives while on tour, and was filmed at the Intercontinental Hotel in Midtown Manhattan, New York City in early September 2015. The video features shots of the members as they relax in a hotel room during their 2015 tour. The group performed \"\"Perfect\"\" for the first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662865",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\nDirection performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\" on the NBC comedy television show \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" on 7 April 2012, and also appeared in a comedy sketch with Sofía Vergara. In Australia, they performed \"\"One Thing\"\" and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at the 54th Logie Awards, where they also presented an award for \"\"Most Popular New Female Talent\"\" on 15 April 2012. On 12 August 2012, One Direction performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London, which represented the handover to Rio de Janeiro as the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10216039",
"chunk_text": "\"Beautiful People (UK TV series)\"\nout to his mother after being dissuaded from running away from home. The comedy was greenlit in May 2008 by Controller of BBC Two Lucy Lumsden and Controller of Comedy Commissioning Roly Keating. The six episodes were written by Jonathan Harvey (\"\"Gimme Gimme Gimme\"\") and directed by Gareth Carrivick. Studio filming was done at Shepperton Studios and exterior locations at South Oxhey and Bushey, Hertfordshire, Harrow, London, Grahame Park concourse and New York City. Exterior scenes of the cul de sac where Simon lives are filmed on Crabtree Close in Bushey. Doonan grew up in Reading in the 1960s but",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2968285",
"chunk_text": "\"She Makes Me Wanna\"\nThe song was also nominated for 'Best British Single' at the 2012 BRIT Awards but lost to \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" by One Direction. The song's accompanying music video features JLS and Dev performing at a beach party. A music video to accompany the release of \"\"She Makes Me Wanna\"\" was first released onto YouTube on 5 July 2011 at a total length of 3 minutes and 39 seconds. As of March 2013, it has received over 15 million hits. It was shot in Miami, Florida in May 2011, and was directed by Colin Tilley. It shows JLS and Dev",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7747759",
"chunk_text": "\"Louis Tomlinson\"\nto international success by the power of social media, One Direction's first two albums, \"\"Up All Night\"\" and \"\"Take Me Home\"\", released in 2011 and 2012 respectively, broke several records, topped the charts of most major markets, and generated hit singles, including \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" and \"\"Live While We're Young\"\". Often described as forming part of a new \"\"British Invasion\"\" in the United States, the group have sold over 35 million records worldwide, according to the band's management company, Modest! Management. Their achievements include two BRIT Awards, two American Music Awards, and three MTV Video Music Awards. According to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2920553",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction\"\nof a highly fortified white room with motion lasers covering the floor. The boys are seen entering through the ceiling, suspended by wires and clad in all-black. In 2015, One Direction appeared in an advert for the Toyota Vios. the commercial aired in Thailand. Coca-Cola Mexico launched the session and full interview with One Direction, with a series of commercials in which Tomlinson, Payne, Styles and Horan showed us what it means to be a True Friend. One Direction revealed their fourth fragrance ‘Between Us’ at The Sanderson in London, England on 24 June. Along with the bottle image, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18047642",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction\"\nand generated hit singles including \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\", \"\"Live While We're Young\"\", \"\"Best Song Ever\"\", \"\"Story of My Life\"\" and \"\"Drag Me Down\"\". The group has received numerous accolades including seven Brit Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, six \"\"Billboard\"\" Music Awards, seven American Music Awards (including Artist of the Year in 2014 and 2015), and 28 Teen Choice Awards. In 2013, they earned an estimated $75 million becoming the second highest earning celebrity under 30 according to \"\"Forbes\"\". The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) honoured them as the Global Recording Artist of 2013. \"\"Forbes\"\" ranked them",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19063021",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\naimed at building a fan base through social media before a single was ever released or played on the radio. The social media campaign asked fans to sign petitions and to enter video competitions to win a concert in their town. The campaign was a success as One Direction's Facebook followers in the United States rose from 40,000 to 400,000. As a result, \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" sold more than 131,000 copies in its first week, even though it had yet to be played on the radio. Radio programmers were flooded with calls from fans. Johnny Wright, who managed New",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12408656",
"chunk_text": "\"Some Kind of Beautiful\"\nstart dating soon after. Jessica Alba, Pierce Brosnan and Kristin Scott Thomas were the first to be cast in May. Thomas later dropped out and was replaced by Salma Hayek. Ben McKenzie joined the cast on October 17. The film was shot for 25 days, production started filming in Los Angeles on October 14, 2013 and ended on November 9, 2013. The film had its world premiere at the AFM on November 6, 2014. The film was released in Denmark on June 4, 2015. The film was released on DirecTV on July 23, 2015, prior to being released in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20280220",
"chunk_text": "\"Beautiful (2009 film)\"\nrelease. It was invited to screen at the 12th Shanghai International Film Festival, in June 2010, and later sold \"\"to France and all French-speaking European territories ... Japan ... Poland, Middle East, Russia, Mexico and HBO Eastern Europe.\"\" In the fictional Adelaide suburb of Sunshine Hills, three teenage girls have disappeared: Jenny Wells (found in a dumpster with her body cut open), Teresa Fields (found impaled and hanging from a clothesline), and Amanda Howatt, who disappeared three days earlier. 14-year-old Danny Hobson (Sebastian Gregory) is a loner, who lives with his police officer father Alan (Aaron Jeffery) and stepmother Sherrie",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19323289",
"chunk_text": "\"Live While We're Young\"\nJanuary 2013, the song topped the one million mark in US sales. Likewise, the song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 23 January 2013, and it has sold 1,248,000 copies in the US as of November 2013. The music video for \"\"Live While We're Young\"\" was directed by Vaughan Arnell. On 24 August 2012, One Direction announced that an accompanying music video for \"\"Live While We're Young\"\" was filmed at a \"\"secret place.\"\" Afterwards it was confirmed that this place was Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. In August 2012, images of the shoot leaked on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17898326",
"chunk_text": "\"Zayn Malik\"\nrecord contract. They subsequently signed in North America with Columbia Records. A book licensed by One Direction, \"\"One Direction: Forever Young (Our Official X Factor Story)\"\", released in February 2011, topped \"\"The Sunday Times\"\"' Best Seller list. The same month, the boy band performed for 500,000 people throughout the UK as part of the \"\"X Factor\"\" Live Tour. The group's debut studio album \"\"Up All Night\"\" was released in November 2011. It topped the charts in 16 countries. The lead single, \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\", was an international commercial success, reaching number one in the UK and number four in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2491157",
"chunk_text": "\"One Thing (One Direction song)\"\nhappiness, proclaiming: \"\"if you fail to crack a smile, there is a 100 percent chance that you are the devil.\"\" One Direction performed \"\"One Thing\"\" live for the first time at Capital FM's \"\"Jingle Bell Ball\"\" on 4 December 2011, at The O Arena. The group performed \"\"One Thing\"\" and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" on \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" on 5 February 2012. In the United States, One Direction performed the song along with \"\"More than This\"\" and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" for the first time on \"\"The Today Show\"\" at the Rockefeller Center on 12 March 2012. An estimated 15,000",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20394618",
"chunk_text": "\"Up All Night (One Direction album)\"\nchallenge. The band performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" and its B-side, \"\"Na Na Na\"\", at the BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards on 9 October 2011. The band also performed the song to open telethon \"\"Children in Need 2011\"\" on 19 November 2011. One Direction performed \"\"Gotta Be You\"\", \"\"One Thing\"\", and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at Capital FM's \"\"Jingle Bell Ball\"\" on 4 December 2011, at The O Arena. They performed a medley of \"\"She Makes Me Wanna\"\" and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" with JLS on \"\"The X Factor\"\" eighth series final on 10 December 2011. The group performed \"\"One",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18047649",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction\"\nit was not a difficult decision to sign One Direction; \"\"I just thought there was a void, and maybe they could seize and hold it.\"\" \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" was released in the United States in February 2012, where it debuted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 at number 28, becoming the highest debut for a British act since 1998. It has sold over 4 million copies in the US Upon arrival in the US in February 2012, One Direction embarked on a radio promotion spree, as well as their first North American concert tour as an opening act for Big",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5331375",
"chunk_text": "\"That Winter, the Wind Blows\"\nproduct placements (PPL) in the series were Laneige cosmetics (featured in episode 4 when the character Oh Young gets a makeover at a Laneige store before her high school reunion; Song has been the brand's endorser for six years), tuxedo maker Parkland, and Hyundai Motor Company. Viewers have complained on the drama's website about the overuse of PPL. Oh Young's mansion was filmed at the arboretum Jade Garden in Gangwon Province (\"\"Full House Take 2\"\" and \"\"Love Rain\"\" were also shot there), and her flower garden was filmed at the Hantaek Botanical Garden in Yongin, Gyeonggi Province. The various scenes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1372806",
"chunk_text": "\"Take Me Home (One Direction album)\"\nCirkut, and Shellback. \"\"Take Me Home\"\" was written in groups and has an average of just under five songwriters per track. \"\"The Swedish-style songwriting: melody first\"\" was predominantly utilised, according to \"\"Time\"\" correspondent Douglas Wolk. Savan Kotecha, Yacoub, and Falk, who composed One Direction's hits, \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\", spent six months in Stockholm, Sweden, developing songs for the album, and were able to shape melodies around their tones. Kotecha reflected: \"\"We’ll spend days, sometimes weeks, challenging the melody. The goal is to make it sound like anyone can do this, but it's actually very difficult\"\". In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7076709",
"chunk_text": "\"Take Me Home (One Direction album)\"\ndone.\"\" Besides sessions in Kinglet Studios, recording sessions and mixing for the album took place at Chalice Studios in Los Angeles, MixStar Studios in Virginia Beach, Wendy House Productions in London, and Sticky Studios in Surrey, England. The album cover artwork, revealed on 30 August 2012, features the group surrounding a traditional British K2 red telephone box, a familiar sight on the streets of the UK. The album's songs are characterised by metronomic rock-inherited pop, vocal harmonies, hand claps, prominent electric guitar riffs, bright synthesizers, double entendres for sexual intercourse, a homogeneous sound and message, the pitch-correcting software Auto-Tune, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19733022",
"chunk_text": "\"This Beautiful Fantastic\"\nway, she develops relationships with her curmudgeonly neighbour, his cook/housekeeper, and an inventor who frequents the library. Principal photography on the film began in London in July 2015. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 68% based on 19 reviews, and an average rating of 6.3/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". Middling reviews from critics used the term “twee” with comparisons to \"\"Amélie\"\". Negative reviews focused on having too many distracting questions, such as why Bella",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17662847",
"chunk_text": "\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\nawards ceremonies, and on four of their major concert tours: Up All Night Tour (2011–12), Take Me Home Tour (2013), Where We Are Tour (2014) and On the Road Again Tour (2015). Harry performed the song his . Artists including the Piano Guys have covered \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\". \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" was written by Savan Kotecha and Carl Falk, and was produced by Yacoub and Falk. Instrumentation was completed by Falk and Yacoub. Serban Ghenea handled the audio mixing, Tom Coyne the audio mastering, and John Hanes the mix engineering, for which Phil Seaford served as the assistant.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1372797",
"chunk_text": "\"Take Me Home (One Direction album)\"\nTake Me Home (One Direction album) Take Me Home is the second studio album by English-Irish boy band One Direction, released on 9 November 2012 by Syco Music and Columbia Records. As a follow-up to One Direction's internationally successful debut album \"\"Up All Night\"\" (2011), \"\"Take Me Home\"\" was written in groups and has an average of just under five songwriters per track. Largely recorded and composed in Sweden during 2012, Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, who composed One Direction's hits, \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\", spent six months in Stockholm developing songs for the album,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14122701",
"chunk_text": "\"One Direction: This Is Us\"\n\"\"\"\", was announced on 21 July 2014. It premiered in cinemas worldwide with a limited engagement for 11–12 October 2014. The sequel was filmed at Stadio San Siro in Milan, Italy on 28–29 June 2014, during the band's Where We Are Tour. The film was released on home media in December 2014. One Direction: This Is Us One Direction: This Is Us is a 2013 3-D documentary concert film about English-Irish boy band One Direction. It opened in the United Kingdom on 29 August 2013, followed a day later in the United States. The film shows many clips and songs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20394619",
"chunk_text": "\"Up All Night (One Direction album)\"\nThing\"\" and \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" on \"\"Dancing on Ice\"\" on 5 February 2012. In Italy, the group performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at the 2012 Sanremo Music Festival on 14 February 2012. In France, they performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\" on \"\"Le Grand Journal\"\" on 22 February 2012. In the United States, One Direction performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\", \"\"More than This\"\" and \"\"One Thing\"\" on \"\"The Today Show\"\" at the Rockefeller Center on 12 March 2012. An estimated 15,000 fans descended on the plaza. They also performed \"\"What Makes You Beautiful\"\" at the 2012 Kids'",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17085118",
"chunk_text": "\"Little Things (One Direction song)\"\nRecording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on 9 May 2013, denoting shipments of 1,000,000 copies. The music video for \"\"Little Things\"\" was shot entirely in black-and-white and directed by Vaughan Arnell, who had previously directed the band's music video for their previous single \"\"Live While We're Young\"\". Tomlinson disclosed via social networking website Twitter that an accompanying music video for \"\"Little Things\"\" was in production on 15 October 2012. Band member Zayn Malik confirmed that they had finished filming the video the following day. On each of the five days preceding the video's premiere, One Direction posted a teaser trailer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_906
|
when did they start vaccinating for whooping cough?
|
n/a
|
[
"the 1920s",
"the 1940s"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7711014",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\nto five years; more than 93% of reported cases occurred in children under 10 years of age. The actual incidence was likely much higher. After vaccinations were introduced in the 1940s, pertussis incidence fell dramatically to approximately 1,000 by 1976. Incidence rates have increased since 1980. In 2015, rates in the United States were 20,762 people. Pertussis is the only vaccine-preventable disease that is associated with increasing deaths in the U.S. The number of deaths increased from four in 1996 to 17 in 2001, almost all of which were infants under one year. In Canada, the number of pertussis infections",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14337886",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\nthe North Sea. In 1932 an outbreak of whooping cough hit Atlanta, Georgia, prompting pediatrician Leila Denmark to begin her study of the disease. Over the next six years her work was published in the \"\"Journal of the American Medical Association\"\", and in partnership with Emory University and Eli Lilly & Company, she developed the first pertussis vaccine. In 1942 American scientists Grace Eldering, Loney Gordon, and Pearl Kendrick combined the whole-cell pertussis vaccine with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids to generate the first DTP combination vaccine. To minimize the frequent side effects caused by the pertussis component, Japanese scientist Yuji",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20212358",
"chunk_text": "\"Pertussis vaccine\"\nPertussis vaccine Pertussis vaccine is a vaccine that protects against whooping cough (pertussis). There are two main types: whole-cell vaccines and acellular vaccines. The whole-cell vaccine is about 78% effective while the acellular vaccine is 71–85% effective. The effectiveness of the vaccines appears to decrease by between 2 and 10% per year after vaccination with a more rapid decrease with the acellular vaccines. Vaccinating the mother during pregnancy may protect the baby. The vaccine is estimated to have saved over 500,000 lives in 2002. The World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommend all children be vaccinated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14337871",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\nof all ages may be affected. In 2015, pertussis resulted in 58,700 deaths – down from 138,000 deaths in 1990. Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century. The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906. The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s. The classic symptoms of pertussis are a paroxysmal cough, inspiratory whoop, and fainting, or vomiting after coughing. The cough from pertussis has been documented to cause subconjunctival hemorrhages, rib fractures, urinary incontinence, hernias, and vertebral artery dissection. Violent coughing can cause the pleura to rupture, leading to a pneumothorax. Vomiting after",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5649872",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\nThe primary method of prevention for pertussis is vaccination. Evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics in those who have been exposed, but are without symptoms. Preventive antibiotics, however, are still frequently used in those who have been exposed and are at high risk of severe disease (such as infants). Pertussis vaccines are effective at preventing illness and are recommended for routine use by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The vaccine saved an estimated half a million lives in 2002. The multicomponent acellular pertussis vaccine is 71–85% effective, with greater effectiveness",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
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"chunk_id": "20504856",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearl Kendrick\"\nPearl Kendrick Pearl Louella Kendrick (August 24, 1890 – October 8, 1980) was an American bacteriologist. Kendrick is known for co-developing the first vaccine with Grace Eldering and Loney Gordon for whooping cough. She also contributed to the promotion of international vaccine standards. Pearl Louella was born on August 24, 1890 in Wheaton, Illinois, US. Her father was a preacher. When she was just three years old, she had developed the whooping cough at an early age. She graduated from high school in 1908 and attended Greenville College for a year before transferring to Syracuse University. In 1914, she received",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12165861",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\nSato developed an acellular vaccine consisting of purified haemagglutinins (HAs: filamentous strep throat and leukocytosis-promoting-factor HA), which are secreted by \"\"B. pertussis\"\". Sato's acellular pertussis vaccine was used in Japan starting in 1981. Later versions of the acellular vaccine in other countries consisted of additional defined components of \"\"B. pertussis\"\" and were often part of the DTaP combination vaccine. Whooping cough Whooping cough (also known as pertussis or 100-day cough) is a highly contagious bacterial disease. Initially, symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough. This is followed by weeks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
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"chunk_id": "14337885",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\nthe highest incidence rate, with 3,877 cases, although it did not make an official epidemic declaration. \"\"B. pertussis\"\" was discovered in 1906 by Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou, who also developed the first serology and vaccine. Efforts to develop an inactivated whole-cell vaccine began soon after \"\"B. pertussis\"\" was cultured that year. In the 1920s, Louis W. Sauer developed a weak vaccine for whooping cough at Evanston Hospital (Evanston, IL). In 1925 Danish physician Thorvald Madsen was the first to test a whole-cell vaccine on a wide scale. Madsen used the vaccine to control outbreaks in the Faroe Islands in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_id": "14337869",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\ncollecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat. This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction. Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine. Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age, with four doses to be given in the first two years of life. Protection from pertussis decreases over time, so additional doses of vaccine are often recommended for older children and adults. Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease. In those",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
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"chunk_id": "7711013",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\nmay be due to the ability of the bacterium to suppress the immune system. Worldwide, whooping cough affects around 16 million people yearly. One estimate for 2013 stated it resulted in about 61,000 deaths – down from 138,000 deaths in 1990. Another estimated 195,000 child deaths yearly from the disease worldwide. This is despite generally high coverage with the DTP and DTaP vaccines. Pertussis is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. About 90% of all cases occur in developing countries. Before vaccines, an average of 178,171 cases was reported in the U.S., with peaks reported every two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15730385",
"chunk_text": "\"Louis W. Sauer\"\nLouis W. Sauer Louis Wendlin Sauer (1885-1980) was a pediatrician who became known for perfecting the vaccine used to prevent \"\"pertussis\"\" (whooping cough), saving countless lives around the world. Sauer was born in Cincinnati, met his wife Mira while he was in Germany as he was a medical student, and established a practice at Evanston Hospital, in Evanston, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. He earned an MD in Berlin and his PhD at the University of Chicago. He was a founder of The Cradle (adoption agency) in Evanston. He taught at the Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago. He retired in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5654014",
"chunk_text": "Vaccination\n2010, California had the worst whooping cough outbreak in 50 years. A possible contributing factor was parents choosing not to vaccinate their children. There was also a case in Texas in 2012 where 21 members of a church contracted measles because they chose not to immunize. A vaccine administration may be oral, by injection (intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous), by puncture, transdermal or intranasal. Several recent clinical trials have aimed to deliver the vaccines via mucosal surfaces to be up-taken by the common mucosal immunity system, thus avoiding the need for injections. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that vaccination averts 2-3",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8562815",
"chunk_text": "\"Louis W. Sauer\"\n1959 to Coral Gables, Florida and died at age 94 of pneumonia and congestive heart failure. Louis W. Sauer Louis Wendlin Sauer (1885-1980) was a pediatrician who became known for perfecting the vaccine used to prevent \"\"pertussis\"\" (whooping cough), saving countless lives around the world. Sauer was born in Cincinnati, met his wife Mira while he was in Germany as he was a medical student, and established a practice at Evanston Hospital, in Evanston, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. He earned an MD in Berlin and his PhD at the University of Chicago. He was a founder of The Cradle",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8288594",
"chunk_text": "\"Booster dose\"\ninto pneumonia or result in the baby having trouble breathing. DTaP is the primary vaccine given against pertussis, and children typically receive five doses before the age of seven. Tdap is the booster for pertussis, and is advised in the US to be administered every ten years, and during every pregnancy for mothers. Tdap can also be used as a booster against tetanus. Upon its invention in the 1950s, the pertussis vaccine was whole-cell (contained the entire inactivated bacterium), and could cause fever and local reactions in people who received the vaccine. In the 1990s, people in the US started",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20212361",
"chunk_text": "\"Pertussis vaccine\"\npeople. With the acellular vaccines a brief period of non-serious swelling of the arm may occur. Side effects with both types of vaccines, but especially the whole-cell vaccine, are less common the younger the child. The whole-cell vaccines should not be used after seven years of age. Serious long term neurological problems are not associated with either type. The pertussis vaccine was developed in 1926. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. A version that also includes tetanus, diphtheria, polio, and Hib vaccine is available",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20212364",
"chunk_text": "\"Pertussis vaccine\"\nschedule). In the UK, pertussis vaccinations are given at 2, 3, and 4 months, with a pre-school booster at 3 years 4 months. In 2006 the CDC recommended adults receive pertussis vaccination along with the tetanus and diphtheria toxoid booster. In 2011 they began recommended boosters during each pregnancy. In the UK vaccination of pregnant women (between 28 and 38 weeks of pregnancy) is also recommended. The pertussis booster for adults is combined with a tetanus vaccine and diphtheria vaccine booster; this combination is abbreviated \"\"Tdap\"\" (Tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis). It is similar to the childhood vaccine called \"\"DTaP\"\" (Diphtheria,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13569960",
"chunk_text": "\"Vaccination schedule\"\nshot, can be given before or during pregnancy, depending on whether or not it is flu season. Vacinnation is safe right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding. In 1900, the smallpox vaccine was the only one administered to children. By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines, for protection against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and smallpox, and as many as five shots by two years of age. Since the mid-1980s, many vaccines have been added to the schedule. In 2009 the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended vaccination against at least fourteen diseases. By two years of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20059416",
"chunk_text": "\"Vaccine controversies\"\nto levels above 90%, and disease incidence declined dramatically. In the vaccination moratorium period that occurred when Sweden suspended vaccination against whooping cough (pertussis) from 1979 to 1996, 60% of the country's children contracted the disease before the age of 10; close medical monitoring kept the death rate from whooping cough at about one per year. An outbreak at a religious community and school in the Netherlands resulted in 3 deaths and 68 hospitalizations among 2,961 cases. The population in the several provinces affected had a high level of immunization, with the exception of one of the religious denominations, which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14337883",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\nhas varied between 2,000 and 10,000 reported cases each year over the last ten years, and it is the most common vaccine-preventable illness in Toronto. In 2009 Australia reported an average of 10,000 cases a year, and the number of cases had increased. In the U.S. pertussis in adults has increased significantly since about 2004. In 2010 ten infants in California died, and health authorities declared an epidemic encompassing 9,120 cases. They found that doctors had failed to correctly diagnose the infants' condition during several visits. Statistical analysis identified significant overlap in communities with a cluster of nonmedical child exemptions",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19051203",
"chunk_text": "\"Pertussis vaccine\"\nin the US by the end of 1985. In response, Congress passed the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (NCVIA) in 1986, establishing a federal no-fault system to compensate victims of injury caused by recommended vaccines. Concerns about side effects led Sato to introduce an even safer acellular vaccine for Japan in 1981 that was approved in the US in 1992 for use in the combination DTaP vaccine. The acellular vaccine has a rate of adverse events similar to that of a Td vaccine (a tetanus-diphtheria vaccine containing no pertussis vaccine). Pertussis vaccine Pertussis vaccine is a vaccine that protects against",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20823962",
"chunk_text": "\"Grace Eldering\"\nnationwide by 1940. In 1951 ELdering succeeded Kendrick as Chief of the Western Michigan Laboratory of the Health Department, and remained there until she retired in 1969. Eldering continued to live in Grand Rapids and volunteer with the blind and physically handicapped until she died in 1988. Eldering was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 1983 for her work in public health. Grace Eldering Grace Eldering (September 5, 1900 – August 31, 1988) was an American public health scientist, known for her involvement in the creation of a vaccine for whooping cough along with Loney Gordon and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13569959",
"chunk_text": "\"Vaccination schedule\"\n65 years and over, people with certain long-term medical conditions, health and social care professionals and poultry workers. The most up-to-date schedules are available from CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. In the US, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act requires all health-care providers to provide parents or patients with copies of Vaccine Information Statements before administering vaccines. The CDC recommends pregnant women receive some vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine a month or more before pregnancy. The Tdap vaccine (to help protect against whooping cough) is recommended during pregnancy. Other vaccines, like the flu",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10897103",
"chunk_text": "\"Leila Denmark\"\ncampus. She also developed a private practice, seeing patients in a clinic at her home. Denmark devoted a substantial amount of her professional time to charity. By 1935, she was a listed staff member at the Presbyterian Church Baby Clinic in Atlanta, while serving at Grady and maintaining a private practice. She conducted research from the 1930s, and especially from 1933 to 1944 in the diagnosis, treatment, and immunization of whooping cough, then frequently fatal to children. Denmark is credited as co-developer of the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine, with support from Eli Lilly and Company, and Emory University. For this,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20823955",
"chunk_text": "\"Grace Eldering\"\nGrace Eldering Grace Eldering (September 5, 1900 – August 31, 1988) was an American public health scientist, known for her involvement in the creation of a vaccine for whooping cough along with Loney Gordon and Pearl Kendrick. Grace Eldering was born in Rancher, Montana, in 1900. Eldering's parents had immigrated to the United States before she was born, with her mother having arrived from Scotland and her father from the Netherlands. She contracted and survived whooping cough when she was five, leading to her involvement in science in her adulthood. After high school Eldering attended the University of Montana for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4181687",
"chunk_text": "\"MMRV vaccine\"\nMMRV vaccine The MMRV vaccine combines the attenuated virus MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine with the addition of chickenpox vaccine or varicella vaccine (V stands for varicella). The MMRV vaccine is typically given to children between 1 and 2 years of age. Several companies supply MMRV vaccines. ProQuad is marketed by Merck and was approved in 2005 for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration for children ages twelve months through twelve years. An MMRV vaccine called Priorix Tetra by GlaxoSmithKline has been approved in Germany and Australia. The World Health Organization recommends vaccinating against measles,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3320715",
"chunk_text": "\"Bordetella pertussis\"\ncold: runny nose, sneezing, mild cough, and low-grade fever. The patient becomes most contagious during the catarrhal stage of infection, normally two weeks after the coughing begins. It may become airborne when the person coughs, sneezes, or laughs. Pertussis vaccine is part of the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) immunization. The paroxysmal cough precedes a crowing inspiratory sound characteristic of pertussis. After a spell, the patient might make a “whooping” sound when breathing in, or may vomit. Adults have milder symptoms, such as prolonged coughing without the “whoop”. Infants less than six months also may not have the typical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18502223",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearl Kendrick\"\ntesting, and the eventual inoculation of children with the pertussis vaccine. The vaccine was a success. Michigan started distributing the vaccines in 1940 and deaths from whooping cough declined. Their work contributed significantly When the pertussis vaccine was in the primary phase of development, the American-made vaccine was very effective, while the locally-made vaccine in England seemed to have no protection effect. At that time Kendrick, along with others, was invited to be a member of Whooping Cough Immunization Committee of the Medical Research Council of Great Britain to help them with vaccine development method. In 1951, Kendrick retired from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8288593",
"chunk_text": "\"Booster dose\"\njust two booster shots within the first 20 years of life, but no booster after a third decade. Neonatal tetanus is a concern during pregnancy for some women, and mothers are recommended a booster against tetanus during their pregnancy in order to protect their child against the disease. Whooping cough, also called pertussis, is a contagious disease that affects the respiratory tract. The infection is caused by a bacterium that sticks to the cilia of the lungs, and can be very contagious. Pertussis can be especially dangerous for babies, whose immune system are not yet fully developed, and can develop",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20212368",
"chunk_text": "\"Pertussis vaccine\"\nhave had a neurologic event after a previous dose not be vaccinated until after treatment is initiated and the condition stabilized. Only the acellular vaccine is used in the US. As of 2018 there are four acellular DTaP/Tdap vaccines licensed for use in USA: Infanrix and Daptacel – for children, Boostrix and Adacel – for adolescents and adults. Pertussis vaccine is usually administered as a component of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP/DTwP, DTaP and Tdap) vaccines. There are several types of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines. The first vaccine against pertussis was developed in the 1930s by pediatrician Leila Denmark. It included whole-cell killed \"\"Bordetella",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10073825",
"chunk_text": "\"Childhood immunizations in the United States\"\nthree diseases; Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus. The DTaP vaccine is given as a 5-shot series at 2, 4, and 6 months, the fourth between 12 and 15 months, and the last between 4–6 years. A booster is recommended to be given between 11 and 12 years of age and is called Tdap. Some potential side effects of DTaP are; mild: uncommon: severe: It is important to note that these severe side effects are so rare that it is hard to correlate the vaccine and these symptoms. Potential side effects of Tdap; Diphtheria was once a major cause of illness and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13773723",
"chunk_text": "\"Rachel Schneerson\"\nand Robbins continued their work on single antigens and conjugate vaccines. Their efforts led to the development and licensing of vaccines against pertussis (whooping cough), typhoid, Staphylococcus infections (pneumonia, aureus, and Group B), certain types of malaria, and anthrax. Additional information about their more recent research is available at http://2012annualreport.nichd.nih.gov/pdmi.html. Schneerson is named on dozens of patents and has authored and co-authored hundreds of peer-reviewed articles and several books. Schneerson retired from the federal government in July 2012. Rachel Schneerson Rachel Schneerson (born April 25, 1932) was a senior investigator in the Laboratory in Developmental and Molecular Immunity and head",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10296557",
"chunk_text": "\"MMR vaccine\"\ndisease (COPD) and asthma. Before the widespread use of a vaccine against measles, rates of disease were so high that infection was felt to be \"\"as inevitable as death and taxes.\"\" Reported cases of measles in the United States fell from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands per year following introduction of the vaccine in 1963. Increasing uptake of the vaccine following outbreaks in 1971 and 1977 brought this down to thousands of cases per year in the 1980s. An outbreak of almost 30,000 cases in 1990 led to a renewed push for vaccination and the addition of a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17653339",
"chunk_text": "\"Measles vaccine\"\n\"\"as inevitable as death and taxes.\"\" In the United States, reported cases of measles fell from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands per year following introduction of the vaccine in 1963 (see chart at right). Increasing uptake of the vaccine following outbreaks in 1971 and 1977 brought this down to thousands of cases per year in the 1980s. An outbreak of almost 30,000 cases in 1990 led to a renewed push for vaccination and the addition of a second vaccine to the recommended schedule. No more than than 220 cases were reported in any year from 1997 to 2013,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15965619",
"chunk_text": "\"Varicella vaccine\"\nfrom a child with natural varicella, introduced into human embryonic lung cell cultures, adapted to and propagated in embryonic guinea pig cell cultures, and finally propagated in human diploid cell cultures. Japan was among the first countries to vaccinate for chickenpox. The vaccine was first licensed in the United States in 1995. Routine vaccination against varicella zoster virus is also performed in the United States, and the incidence of chickenpox has been dramatically reduced there (from 4 million cases per year in the pre-vaccine era to approximately 400,000 cases per year as of 2005). In Europe most countries do not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16838875",
"chunk_text": "\"Vaccines for Children Program\"\nVaccines for Children Program The Vaccines for Children Program (VFC) is a federally funded program in the United States providing no-cost vaccines to children who lack health insurance or who otherwise cannot afford the cost of the vaccination. The VFC program was created by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 and is required to be a new entitlement of each state's Medicaid plan. The program was officially implemented in October 1994. From 1989 through 1991, a measles epidemic in the United States resulted in several tens of thousands of cases of measles and hundreds of deaths. Upon investigation, CDC",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4543187",
"chunk_text": "\"Pearl Kendrick\"\nthe Michigan Department of Public Health. After retiring, she became a faculty member at the University of Michigan's Department of Epidemiology. She retired, from the University, in 1960. Kendrick served as president of the Michigan American Society for Microbiology. She died on October 8, 1980, in Grand Rapids. Kendrick was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 1983. Pearl Kendrick Pearl Louella Kendrick (August 24, 1890 – October 8, 1980) was an American bacteriologist. Kendrick is known for co-developing the first vaccine with Grace Eldering and Loney Gordon for whooping cough. She also contributed to the promotion of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2687304",
"chunk_text": "\"Margaret Pittman\"\nto the new Bethesda, Maryland, campus of the NIH, Pittman began work on a standard of potency for a pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine. In collaboration with Dr. Pearl Kindrick and Dr. Grace Eldering of the Michigan Department of Health, who had pioneered an effective pertussis vaccine but who had been unable to develop a potency assay, Pittman guided the 1949 initiation of U.S. standards for pertussis vaccine, which also became the basis of the international potency requirement of the World Health Organization. This led to a tenfold drop in mortality from whooping cough in the United States between 1945 and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3980093",
"chunk_text": "\"Tetanus vaccine\"\nless than seven years old while Tdap and Td are given to those seven years old and older. The lowercase d and p denote lower strengths of diphtheria and pertussis vaccines. The tetanus vaccine was developed in 1924 and became available in the United States in the 1940s. Its use resulted in a 95% decrease in the rate of tetanus. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.17 and 0.65 USD per dose as of 2014.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1012461",
"chunk_text": "\"Conjugate vaccine\"\nfirst appeared in experiments involving rabbits in 1927, when the immune response to the \"\"Streptococcus pneumoniae\"\" type 3 polysaccharide antigen was increased by combining the polysaccharide antigen with a protein carrier. The first conjugate virus used in humans became available in 1987. This was the \"\"Haemophilus influenzae\"\" type b (Hib) conjugate, which protects against meningitis. The vaccine was soon incorporated with the schedule for infant immunization in the United States. The Hib conjugate vaccine is combined with one of several different carrier proteins, such as the diphtheria toxoid or the tetanus toxoid. Soon after the vaccine was made available the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2687293",
"chunk_text": "\"Margaret Pittman\"\nMargaret Pittman Dr. Margaret Jane Pittman (1901–1995) was a pioneering bacteriologist whose research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on typhoid, cholera, and pertussis (whooping cough) helped generate the development of vaccinations against these diseases as well as others. Dr. Pittman was also the first female to lead a NIH laboratory, when in 1957, she was appointed chief of their Laboratory of Bacterial Products, a position she held until 1971. In the 1960s she was a key NIH participant in developing standards for cholera vaccine in the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization's campaign to control cholera in the region that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4181690",
"chunk_text": "\"MMRV vaccine\"\nfebrile seizures after MMRV compared to the separate administration of MMR and Varicella vaccines. MMRV vaccine The MMRV vaccine combines the attenuated virus MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine with the addition of chickenpox vaccine or varicella vaccine (V stands for varicella). The MMRV vaccine is typically given to children between 1 and 2 years of age. Several companies supply MMRV vaccines. ProQuad is marketed by Merck and was approved in 2005 for use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration for children ages twelve months through twelve years. An MMRV vaccine called Priorix Tetra by GlaxoSmithKline has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16508315",
"chunk_text": "\"Leila Denmark\"\nthe United States. A pioneering female doctor, medical researcher, and an outspoken voice in the pediatric community, Denmark was one of the few supercentenarians in history to gain prominence in life for reasons other than longevity. She is credited as co-developer of the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine. She started treating children in 1928. By the time of her retirement, Denmark was treating grandchildren and great-grandchildren of her first patients. Born in Portal, Georgia, Leila Alice Daughtry was the third of 12 children of Elerbee and Alice Cornelia (Hendricks) Daughtry. Her paternal uncle was Missouri Congressman James Alexander Daugherty. She was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5244560",
"chunk_text": "\"MMR vaccine\"\nthe three diseases. The MMR vaccine was developed by Maurice Hilleman. It was licensed for use by Merck in 1971. Stand alone measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines had been previously licensed in 1963, 1967, and 1969 respectively. Recommendations for a second dose were introduced in 1989. The MMRV vaccine which also covers chickenpox may be used instead. An MR vaccine, without coverage for mumps, is also occasionally used. In 2012, Cochrane concluded \"\"Existing evidence on the safety and effectiveness of MMR vaccine supports current policies of mass immunisation aimed at global measles eradication and in order to reduce morbidity and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1576669",
"chunk_text": "\"Expanded Program on Immunization\"\nExpanded Program on Immunization The Expanded Program on Immunization is a World Health Organization program with the goal to make vaccines available to all children. The World Health Organization (WHO) initiated the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in May 1974 with the objective to vaccinate children throughout the world. Ten years later, in 1984, the WHO established a standardized vaccination schedule for the original EPI vaccines: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), oral polio, and measles. Increased knowledge of the immunologic factors of disease led to new vaccines being developed and added to the EPI’s list of recommended vaccines: Hepatitis B",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20212362",
"chunk_text": "\"Pertussis vaccine\"\nwholesale in the developing world at a cost of 15.41 USD per dose as of 2014. Acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) with three or more antigens prevents around 85% of typical whooping cough cases in children. It has higher or similar efficacy to the previously-used whole cell pertussis vaccine, however the efficacy of the acellular vaccine declines faster. Acellular vaccines also cause fewer side effects than whole cell vaccines. Despite widespread vaccination, pertussis has persisted in vaccinated populations and is one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases. The recent resurgence in pertussis infections is attributed to a combination of waning immunity",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1576679",
"chunk_text": "\"Expanded Program on Immunization\"\nand polio, although missing the goal of eradication by 2005, has decreased significantly as there were fewer than 2,000 cases in 2006. Expanded Program on Immunization The Expanded Program on Immunization is a World Health Organization program with the goal to make vaccines available to all children. The World Health Organization (WHO) initiated the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in May 1974 with the objective to vaccinate children throughout the world. Ten years later, in 1984, the WHO established a standardized vaccination schedule for the original EPI vaccines: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), oral polio, and measles. Increased knowledge of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7638037",
"chunk_text": "\"Universal Immunization Programme\"\nUniversal Immunization Programme Universal Immunization Programme is a vaccination program launched by the Government of India in 1985. It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) since 2005. The program now consists of vaccination for 12 diseases- tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, hepatitis B, diarrhoea, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, pneumonia (Heamophilus Influenza Type B)and Pneumococcal diseases (Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Meningitis). Hepatitis B and Pneumococcal diseases was added to the UIP in 2007 and 2017 respectively . The other additions",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4351192",
"chunk_text": "Mumps\nMedical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain had previously recommended against general mumps vaccination, changing that recommendation in 1987. Before the introduction of the mumps vaccine, the mumps virus was the leading cause of viral meningoencephalitis in the United States. However, encephalitis occurs rarely (less than two per 100,000). In one of the largest studies in the literature, the most common symptoms of mumps meningoencephalitis were found to be fever (97 percent), vomiting (94 percent) and headache (88.8 percent). The mumps vaccine was introduced into the United States in December 1967: since its introduction there has been a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6351275",
"chunk_text": "\"Polio vaccine\"\nto include 19 other children. The first effective polio vaccine was developed in 1952 by Jonas Salk and a team at the University of Pittsburgh that included Julius Youngner, Byron Bennett, L. James Lewis, and Lorraine Friedman, which required years of subsequent testing. Salk went on CBS radio to report a successful test on a small group of adults and children on 26 March 1953; two days later, the results were published in \"\"JAMA\"\". Beginning 23 February 1954, the vaccine was tested at Arsenal Elementary School and the Watson Home for Children in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Salk's vaccine was then used",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5649874",
"chunk_text": "\"Whooping cough\"\naged 1–9 years to infants, adolescents, and adults, with adolescents and adults acting as reservoirs for \"\"B. pertussis\"\" and infecting infants who have had fewer than three doses of vaccine. Infection induces incomplete natural immunity that wanes over time. A 2005 study said estimates of the duration of infection-acquired immunity range from 7 to 20 years and the different results could be the result of differences in levels of circulating \"\"B. pertussis\"\", surveillance systems, and case definitions used. The study said protective immunity after vaccination wanes after 4–12 years. One study suggested that the availability of vaccine exemptions increases the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_907
|
who is the new york state senate majority leader?
|
n/a
|
[
"John J. Flanagan"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12382352",
"chunk_text": "\"Majority Leader of the New York State Senate\"\nwhile it was also announced that former majority leader Malcolm Smith had assumed the title of president pro tempore, and John Sampson would serve as Democratic conference leader with the understanding he would assume the presidency at an undetermined future date. Following the 2010 election and the Republican victory in the Senate, Senator Dean Skelos from Long Island served as both Temporary President and Majority Leader, but resigned in May 2015 in the midst of corruption charges. The current majority leader, or president, is John J. Flanagan. The position of President pro tempore of the New York State Senate was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3455996",
"chunk_text": "\"John J. Flanagan\"\nJohn J. Flanagan John J. Flanagan (born May 7, 1961) is the current Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. A Republican, Flanagan represents the 2nd District of the New York State Senate, which includes the entire town of Smithtown and portions of both the towns of Brookhaven and Huntington in Suffolk County, New York. He has served in the Senate since 2003, and as Majority Leader since May 2015. Flanagan was raised in Huntington, New York and attended Harborfields High School. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in 1983 with a B.A. in economics. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12689270",
"chunk_text": "\"John J. Flanagan\"\nwife, Lisa Perez, have three children and reside in East Northport, New York. In August 2017, Flanagan publicly stated that he had recently completed an alcohol treatment program. John J. Flanagan John J. Flanagan (born May 7, 1961) is the current Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. A Republican, Flanagan represents the 2nd District of the New York State Senate, which includes the entire town of Smithtown and portions of both the towns of Brookhaven and Huntington in Suffolk County, New York. He has served in the Senate since 2003, and as Majority Leader since May 2015. Flanagan",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12382350",
"chunk_text": "\"Majority Leader of the New York State Senate\"\nas lieutenant governor or governor. There was a lengthy dispute over the leadership of the Senate during June and July 2009. On June 8, 2009, Democrats Hiram Monserrate and Pedro Espada, Jr., joined the 30 Republican members of the State Senate to attempt to issue a motion to replace current Majority Leader Malcolm Smith with Minority Leader Dean Skelos. Following the precedent of 1913, the temporary presidency and the majority leadership would have been separated again under this scenario. Since the office of Lieutenant Governor fell vacant after Lt. Gov. David Paterson succeeded to the governorship upon Gov. Eliot Spitzer's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5624360",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\ndiminished role. On May 4, 2015, U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara announced the arrest of Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos (along with his son, Adam Skelos) and the arrest of Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver. Within days, Skelos announced that he was stepping down as leader of the Republican Caucus and as Majority Leader. Senator John Flanagan, of Suffolk County, became the new Majority Leader, and the first Majority Leader from Suffolk County. After Skelos was convicted in December 2015, his seat was declared vacant, with a special election to be held on the presidential primary of 2016. The special election was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15698642",
"chunk_text": "\"Chuck Schumer\"\nChuck Schumer Charles Ellis Schumer (; born November 23, 1950) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from New York, a seat to which he was first elected in 1998. A member of the Democratic Party, he has also been the Senate Minority Leader since 2017. He first defeated three-term Republican incumbent Al D'Amato 55% to 44% before being reelected in 2004 with 71% of the vote, in 2010 with 66% of the vote, and in 2016 with 70% of the vote. He is the current dean of New York's congressional delegation. Before his election to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12382348",
"chunk_text": "\"Majority Leader of the New York State Senate\"\nMajority Leader of the New York State Senate The Majority Leader of the New York State Senate is elected by the majority of the members of the New York State Senate. The position usually coincides with the title of Temporary President of the State Senate, who presides over the session of the State Senate if the Lieutenant Governor of New York (who is ex officio President of the State Senate) is absent. The Temporary President of the State Senate becomes Acting Lieutenant Governor for the remainder of the unexpired term in case of a vacancy in the office of lieutenant",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7996399",
"chunk_text": "\"Brian Kolb\"\nBrian Kolb Brian M. Kolb (born August 14, 1952) is an American politician serving as the member of the New York State Assembly for the 131st district since 2000 and minority leader since 2009. He was unanimously chosen as the State Assembly Republican Leader following the resignation of Jim Tedisco and is currently the longest-serving legislative leader in the both the New York Senate and State Assembly. Kolb was first elected during a special election; the 131st district comprises all of Ontario County and portions of Seneca County in Upstate New York. Kolb was born in Rochester, New York. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16341397",
"chunk_text": "\"Majority Leader of the New York State Senate\"\nthat of the Speaker of the New York State Assembly. After the impeachment of Governor William Sulzer in October 1913, Lt. Gov. Martin H. Glynn became governor, and President pro tempore Robert F. Wagner became acting lieutenant governor. At the time Wagner – as acting lieutenant governor – was considered to be President of the Senate and it was deemed necessary to elect another member as President pro tempore/Majority Leader, and John F. Murtaugh was chosen. The precedent of 1913–14 caused some confusion after the death of Lt. Gov. Thomas W. Wallace in 1943. It was unclear if the Majority",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18999883",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Assembly\"\nover the body, the Speaker also has the chief leadership position, and controls the flow of legislation and committee assignments. The minority leader is elected by party caucus. The majority leader of the Assembly is selected by, and serves at the pleasure of, the Speaker. The current Speaker is Democrat Carl Heastie of the 83rd Assembly District (part of Bronx-Wakefield, Williamsbridge). The Majority Leader is Crystal Peoples-Stokes of the 141st Assembly District The Minority Leader is Republican Brian Kolb of the 131st Assembly District (all of Ontario and part of Seneca). The Assembly is dominated by the Democrats; as of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17883449",
"chunk_text": "\"Brian Kolb\"\nalso the son, brother, father and uncle of veterans. Brian Kolb Brian M. Kolb (born August 14, 1952) is an American politician serving as the member of the New York State Assembly for the 131st district since 2000 and minority leader since 2009. He was unanimously chosen as the State Assembly Republican Leader following the resignation of Jim Tedisco and is currently the longest-serving legislative leader in the both the New York Senate and State Assembly. Kolb was first elected during a special election; the 131st district comprises all of Ontario County and portions of Seneca County in Upstate New",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13501197",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nincluded the chairmanship of the Consumer Affairs Committee. The remaining \"\"Gang of Three\"\" reached an initial compromise in early December that collapsed within a week, but was ultimately resolved with Smith becoming majority leader. At the beginning of the 2009–2010 legislative session, there were 32 Democrats and 30 Republicans in the Senate. On June 8, 2009, then-Senators Hiram Monserrate and Pedro Espada, Jr.--both Democrats—voted with the 30 Republican members to install Senate Republican Leader Dean Skelos (R-Rockville Centre) as the new majority leader of the Senate, replacing Democratic Senate Majority Leader Malcolm Smith. The \"\"Associated Press\"\" described the vote as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12382351",
"chunk_text": "\"Majority Leader of the New York State Senate\"\nresignation, the majority leaders (Bruno, Skelos and Smith) have acted as lieutenant governors. The motions put forward on June 8 also sought to select Pedro Espada as Temporary President of the State Senate, which would have installed him as acting lieutenant governor. The Democrats have disputed the legitimacy of the motions put forward on June 8. The New York State Senate has been providing a running update of the legal proceedings since June 11, 2009. The dispute ended July 9, 2009, when Senator Espada announced he would return to the Democratic caucus and take on the position of majority leader,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14962591",
"chunk_text": "\"Elections in New York (state)\"\nin the State Senate. Malcolm Smith of Queens became the new Senate Majority Leader, and he also doubles as acting Lieutenant Governor by virtue of David Paterson ascending to the governorship. Smith replaced Paterson as leader of the Democrats in the State Senate upon Paterson's election as Lieutenant Governor. The Minority Leader is Dean Skelos of Nassau County. After a brief period in June and July 2009 in which Republicans regained control of the chamber, Democrats chose Pedro Espada Jr. of the Bronx who flipped to the Republicans as their new Majority Leader in order to regain control. John L.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13501198",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\na \"\"parliamentary coup\"\". The move came after Republican whip Tom Libous introduced a surprise resolution to vacate the chair and replace Smith as temporary president and majority leader. In an effort to stop the vote, Democratic whip Jeff Klein (Bronx) unilaterally moved to recess, and Smith had the lights and Internet cut off; however, they were unable to prevent the vote from being held. In accordance with a prearranged deal, Espada was elected temporary president and acting lieutenant governor while Skelos was elected majority leader. Following the coup, Senate Democrats voted for John Sampson (D-Brooklyn) to replace Smith as Democratic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13654386",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Tedisco\"\nJim Tedisco James Nicholas Tedisco (born July 15, 1950) is an American politician. Since 2017, he has been the New York State Senator for New York's 49th Senate District, which includes parts of Saratoga, Schenectady and Herkimer Counties and all of Fulton and Hamilton Counties. A Republican, Tedisco served in the New York State Assembly from 1983 to 2017. He was the Assembly Minority Leader from November 2005 until his resignation from that post in April 2009. In 2009, Tedisco was the Republican nominee in a special election for the 20th US Congressional District to fill the seat vacated by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13501211",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nand Savino won their respective primaries. Another Democratic incumbent, Martin Malave Dilan, was also defeated by a primary challenger (Julia Salazar, a self-described democratic socialist). On November 6, 2018, the Democratic Party won a sizeable majority in the State Senate. Democratic challengers defeated incumbent Republican Sens. Carl Marcellino, Kemp Hannon, Martin Golden, Terrence Murphy, and Elaine Phillips and won races in three districts (Districts 3, 39, and 42, respectively) in which Republican incumbents had not sought re-election. As of November 8, 2018, there were four other close Senate races in which neither candidate had conceded defeat. The Senate is headed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8527975",
"chunk_text": "\"Chuck Schumer\"\nfrom May 2013 to August 2015. Alison was employed by Facebook, out of college, and is now a marketing manager in the company's New York office. He is a cousin of Comedian Amy Schumer. Schumer has been awarded several honorary degrees in recognition of his political career. These include: Chuck Schumer Charles Ellis Schumer (; born November 23, 1950) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from New York, a seat to which he was first elected in 1998. A member of the Democratic Party, he has also been the Senate Minority Leader since 2017. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5624357",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nto form a governing majority; that majority was augmented when freshman Sen. Simcha Felder of Brooklyn, a Democrat, chose to join the Senate Republican Conference. Also, former Democratic Senate Majority Leader Malcolm Smith joined the Independent Democrats, only to be expelled from the conference in April 2013 due to a scandal in which Smith attempted to bribe the Republican Party chairs in New York City for a Wilson Pakula to run in the upcoming New York City mayoral election. (The previous Senate Minority Leader, Sen. John L. Sampson, was expelled from his conference on May 6, 2013 following his arrest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5624368",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nthe Republicans, allowing them to maintain a 32–31 majority instead. As of May 2018, five Republican senators – John Bonacic, Tom Croci, John A. DeFrancisco, William J. Larkin Jr., and Kathy Marchione--had announced that they would not seek re-election in the fall. In the September 13, 2018 Democratic primary elections, all eight Democratic senators who had been members of the IDC at the time of its dissolution faced challengers. Six of the challengers prevailed. John Liu defeated Avella, Robert Jackson defeated Alcantara, Alessandra Biaggi defeated Klein, Jessica Ramos defeated Peralta, Zellnor Myrie defeated Hamilton, and Rachel May defeated Valesky. Carlucci",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2663051",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nIDC, after Klein assisted her campaign. Liberal groups in New York State, including the Working Families Party, called on the governor to intervene and pressure Sen. Felder, the IDC, and the Senate Democratic Conference to unite to make New York a united one-party government in opposition to President-elect Donald Trump's incoming administration. Klein criticized those groups along with Minority Leader Andrea Stewart-Cousins for lack of outreach as well as for calling on the governor to intervene in a separate branch of government. On January 2, 2017, Senate Majority Leader Flanagan and Senate IDC Leader Klein announced the continuation of their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6315732",
"chunk_text": "\"2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis\"\n2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis The 2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis was a political dispute that began on June 8, 2009. The State Senate was controlled by Democrats with a narrow 32–30 majority when a coalition of all 30 Senate Republicans and two Democrats, Sens. Hiram Monserrate and Pedro Espada Jr., voted to replace Senate Majority Leader Malcolm Smith with then-Senate Republican Leader Dean Skelos. The other 30 Senate Democrats attempted to block the change, but it was uncertain whether they were successful or whether the Republicans had legally changed the Senate leadership. The coalition appeared",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10045362",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Legislature\"\nSenate and the Speaker of the Assembly. As of January 2018, Republicans held 31 seats in the 63-seat New York State Senate, and Sen. Simcha Felder, a Brooklyn Democrat, caucused with them. The eight-member Independent Democratic Conference (IDC) maintained a bipartisan coalition with Senate Republicans. The Senate Democratic Conference held 21 seats. There were two Senate vacancies. In the Assembly, the Democratic majority--consisting of 103 Democrats and one Independence Party member who caucused with the Democrats--held 104 seats, while Republicans held 37 seats. There were nine vacancies. In the 2018 elections, Democrats won control of the State Senate and increased",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20849029",
"chunk_text": "\"Independent Democratic Conference\"\nParty took control of the New York State Senate from the Republican Party in the November 2008 elections for the first time since 1964, controlling 32 out of the chambers' 62 seats. However, four Democratic senators, Pedro Espada Jr., Rubén Díaz Sr., Carl Kruger, and Hiram Monserrate did not support the Democratic Leader, Malcolm Smith. In the new session, Espada and Monserrate voted against Smith as Majority Leader. Monserrate rejoined the Democrats, leaving a deadlocked 31-31 Senate, causing the 2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis. Jeffrey D. Klein, who became the Deputy Majority Leader after the 2008 elections, was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18999884",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Assembly\"\nJanuary 1, 2018, they hold a 66-seat supermajority in the chamber. The Democrats have controlled the Assembly since 1975. Prominent past Assembly members include U.S. presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Millard Fillmore; U.S. vice presidents Aaron Burr and George Clinton; New York governors George Pataki and Al Smith; U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer; and the first black woman elected to Congress, Shirley Chisholm. New York State Assembly The New York State Assembly is the lower house of the New York State Legislature, the New York State Senate being the upper house. There are 150 seats in the Assembly, with each of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3846912",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 New York State Senate election\"\nPhillips were defeated on Election Day. Three incumbent Senate Republicans (Kemp Hannon, Marty Golden, and Terrence Murphy) trailed in the vote count on Election Day, but did not concede. Senate Majority Leader John Flanagan later conceded that Hannon had been defeated. As of November 18, 2018, Golden and Murphy had not conceded and incumbent Republican Sen. Sue Serino's trailing Democratic challenger, Karen Smythe, had not conceded Golden conceded on November 19, 2018, and Smythe conceded on December 3, 2018. According to a December 19, 2018 analysis by the Rockland/Westchester Journal News (based on information derived from county boards of elections),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2663053",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nwould continue as Senate Democratic Leader, and that Sen. Klein would become the Deputy Democratic Conference Leader. The announcement followed a meeting called by Governor Andrew Cuomo at which Cuomo requested that the IDC reunite with the Senate Democratic Conference. On April 16, the IDC was dissolved. After the IDC dissolved, the Senate Democratic Conference contained 29 Members, the Senate Republican Conference contained 32 Members (including Sen. Felder), and there were two vacant Senate seats. After two April 24, 2018 special elections were won by Democrats, the Democrats gained a 32–31 numerical Senate majority; however, Felder continued to caucus with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6487587",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Tedisco\"\ndoes not need to be incorporated into the design of firearms. Jim Tedisco James Nicholas Tedisco (born July 15, 1950) is an American politician. Since 2017, he has been the New York State Senator for New York's 49th Senate District, which includes parts of Saratoga, Schenectady and Herkimer Counties and all of Fulton and Hamilton Counties. A Republican, Tedisco served in the New York State Assembly from 1983 to 2017. He was the Assembly Minority Leader from November 2005 until his resignation from that post in April 2009. In 2009, Tedisco was the Republican nominee in a special election for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4154819",
"chunk_text": "\"2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis\"\n28 Democratic senators walked out of the Senate chamber, Secretary of the Senate Angelo Aponte turned off the lights in the Senate chamber and stopped the TV broadcast of the Senate session. Nevertheless, the remaining senators proceeded to vote for new leadership, removing Democratic Senator Malcolm Smith from his position as Majority Leader and Temporary President of the Senate, and replacing him with two people: Republican Minority Leader Dean Skelos as Majority Leader, and Pedro Espada as Temporary President. Historically, the majority leadership and the temporary presidency of the Senate were held by the same person. However, in the new",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5624361",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nwon by Democrat Todd Kaminsky, resulting in the Democratic Party having a numerical 32-31 advantage over the Republicans in the State Senate. Despite this, Senator Felder and the members of the IDC chose to remain in coalition with the Republican majority. Late in 2016, Senator Jesse Hamilton announced his intention to join the IDC if re-elected. The IDC aided Hamilton in his first election in 2014, which had resulted in speculation he would eventually join the conference. After all 2016 election results were announced, Senate Republicans lost one seat on Long Island and gained an upstate seat in Buffalo. On",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10087125",
"chunk_text": "\"Dean Skelos\"\nDean Skelos Dean George Skelos (born February 16, 1948) is an American Republican politician and convicted felon. He is a former Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. Skelos represented District 9 in the State Senate, comprising the southwest region of Nassau County, from 1985 through 2015. Skelos was convicted on federal corruption charges in 2015, and was sentenced to five years in prison in 2016. The court permitted Skelos to remain free pending appeals, and in 2017 his conviction was overturned following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in \"\"McDonnell v. United States\"\". His retrial began on June 19,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12382349",
"chunk_text": "\"Majority Leader of the New York State Senate\"\ngovernor. In case of a vacancy in the offices of both the governor and lieutenant governor at the same time, the Temporary President of the State Senate becomes Acting Governor. If the double vacancy occurs until three months before the mid-term state elections, a special election for Governor of New York and Lieutenant Governor is held. If the double vacancy occurs later, the Temporary President of the State Senate acts as governor until the end of the unexpired term. The Temporary President of the State Senate retains both his majority leadership and his seat in the State Senate while acting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3846911",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 New York State Senate election\"\n2018 New York State Senate election Elections to the New York State Senate took place on November 6, 2018. Primary elections were held September 13, 2018. Prior to Election Day, the Senate was controlled by the Republican Party. Democrats gained eight seats on Election Day, taking control of the chamber from the Republicans. Sources: Five incumbent Republican senators did not seek re-election in 2018. They were: Seven incumbent Senators (all Democrats) ran for re-election but were defeated in the September 13 primary. All except Sen. Dilan had been members of the Independent Democratic Conference. Republican Sens. Carl Marcellino and Elaine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Majority Leader of the New York State Senate\"\ncreated as a standing office by a constitutional amendment in 1873. The President pro tempore was elected for the duration of the biennial senatorial term which comprised two sessions, the first in an even-numbered year, the other in the following odd-numbered year. Before this time, a President pro tempore was elected only in case of vacancy (the President pro tem acting as lieutenant governor for the remainder of the term), or if the lieutenant governor was absent. In practice, this new arrangement transferred much power from the lieutenant governor to the President pro tempore, whose political position became comparable to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "2663050",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nLong Island, freshman Sen. Michael Venditto was defeated in a close race by Democrat John Brooks. In Buffalo, the open seat vacated by Democratic Sen. Mark Panepinto (who did not seek re-election) was won by Republican Erie County Clerk Chris Jacobs. Sen. Simcha Felder, who tied for most conservative member of the Senate according to the Conservative Party in 2016, announced that he would continue to caucus with the GOP; Felder's move ensured that the Republicans would retain control of the Senate by a margin of 32–31. Newly elected Democratic Sen. Marisol Alcantara also announced that she would join the",
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_id": "2663030",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nNew York State Senate The New York State Senate is the upper house of the New York State Legislature. There are 63 seats in the Senate, and its members are elected to two-year terms. There are no limits on the number of terms one may serve. The current format for apportionment has followed the United States Supreme Court decision in \"\"Reynolds v. Sims\"\", decided in 1964. The New York State Senate was dominated by the Republican Party for much of the 20th century. Between World War II and the turn of the 21st century, the Democratic Party only controlled the",
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"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nthe first time in more than four decades. Previously, the Republicans had held the chamber for all but one year from 1939 to 2008, even as New York turned almost solidly Democratic at all levels. However, a power struggle emerged before the new term began. Four Democratic senators—Rubén Díaz Sr. (Bronx), Carl Kruger (Brooklyn), Pedro Espada, Jr. (Bronx), and Hiram Monserrate (Queens)—immediately refused to caucus with their party. The self-named \"\"Gang of Four\"\" refused to back Malcolm Smith (Queens) as the chamber's majority leader and sought concessions. Monserrate soon rejoined the caucus after reaching an agreement with Smith that reportedly",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
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"chunk_id": "252962",
"chunk_text": "\"Warren M. Anderson\"\nin his honor. Warren M. Anderson Warren Mattice Anderson (October 16, 1915 – June 1, 2007) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. He was Temporary President and Majority Leader of the New York State Senate from 1973 to 1988. He was born on October 16, 1915, in Bainbridge, Chenango County, New York, the son of Floyd E. Anderson (1891–1976), later a State Senator and Supreme Court Justice, and Edna Madeline (Mattice) Anderson (born 1889). Anderson graduated from Colgate University in 1937, and from Albany Law School where he was an associate editor of the Albany Law Review.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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{
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"chunk_id": "394148",
"chunk_text": "\"2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis\"\na two year term pursuant to a resolution passed by a majority of Senators in January 2009\"\", and that \"\"the purported coup was an unlawful violation of New York State law and the Senate rules\"\" which he does not accept. However, there was precedent for changing the majority leader midterm, as Ralph J. Marino was ousted during the Thanksgiving holiday in 1994. Governor David Paterson criticized the initial motion by Senator Libous' as \"\"despicable\"\" and \"\"an outrage\"\" due to the issues that are still on the table in the remainder of the legislative session. Former Governor Eliot Spitzer has been",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17304690",
"chunk_text": "\"Carl L. Marcellino\"\nCarl L. Marcellino Carl L. Marcellino (born December 23, 1942, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American politician currently serving as a member of the New York State Senate, to which he was first elected in a March 1995 special election following the resignation of former state senate majority leader Ralph J. Marino. Marcellino represents the 5th district, which comprises parts of Nassau and Suffolk counties on Long Island. Marcellino is a member of the Republican Party. Marcellino attended public schools in Queens, New York. He received a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Science degree from New York University.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "12435436",
"chunk_text": "\"Pedro Espada Jr.\"\nPedro Espada Jr. Pedro Espada Jr. (born October 20, 1953) is an American ex-convict, former Democratic member of the New York Senate, and former Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. Espada was at the center of a June 2009 change in power in the State Senate; he was one of two Democratic senators who voted to appoint Republican Dean Skelos as Majority Leader. After his return to the Democratic caucus on July 9, 2009, Espada was chosen Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. Dogged by scandals, Espada was defeated by Gustavo Rivera in a September 14,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"chunk_id": "2355041",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 New York State Senate election\"\n2011. 2018 New York State Senate election Elections to the New York State Senate took place on November 6, 2018. Primary elections were held September 13, 2018. Prior to Election Day, the Senate was controlled by the Republican Party. Democrats gained eight seats on Election Day, taking control of the chamber from the Republicans. Sources: Five incumbent Republican senators did not seek re-election in 2018. They were: Seven incumbent Senators (all Democrats) ran for re-election but were defeated in the September 13 primary. All except Sen. Dilan had been members of the Independent Democratic Conference. Republican Sens. Carl Marcellino and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8857749",
"chunk_text": "\"Pedro Espada Jr.\"\non October 30, 2017. Pedro Espada Jr. Pedro Espada Jr. (born October 20, 1953) is an American ex-convict, former Democratic member of the New York Senate, and former Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. Espada was at the center of a June 2009 change in power in the State Senate; he was one of two Democratic senators who voted to appoint Republican Dean Skelos as Majority Leader. After his return to the Democratic caucus on July 9, 2009, Espada was chosen Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. Dogged by scandals, Espada was defeated by Gustavo Rivera",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2663052",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\ncoalition. Klein, in a statement to the press, opined that the coalition allowed for the passage of bipartisan legislation and the consideration of pragmatic, progressive ideas. The Republicans retained Senate control with 32 votes, including every Senator elected as a Republican and Sen. Felder. In late January 2017, Senator Jose Peralta announced that he was joining the IDC, expanding the IDC to 8 members, the Republican-IDC-Felder coalition to 40 members, and reducing the Democratic conference to 23 members. On April 4, 2018, the IDC announced that it would dissolve, that its members would rejoin the Senate Democratic Conference, that Stewart-Cousins",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13618813",
"chunk_text": "\"2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis\"\narrangement, Espada was to be the Temporary President of the Senate, while Skelos would become Majority Leader. After the election of the new leadership, the coalition enacted reform rules including a six-year term limit for the majority leader, steps to equalize budget differences between opposing parties, as well as rules about the distribution of pork barrel projects. Despite voting for the change in leadership, Espada and Monserrate stated that they were still Democrats, and that there was still a 32–30 Democratic majority in the Senate. The Democrats claimed that the change was illegal, and that therefore Malcolm Smith was still",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6315735",
"chunk_text": "\"2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis\"\nMajority Leader, while Smith remained Temporary President of the Senate. The appointment of Ravitch as Lieutenant Governor was eventually upheld by the New York Court of Appeals. The State Senate had been controlled by Republicans since 1965, but Democrats were able to win a majority in the 2008 elections. The change was helped by upstate Republican billionaire Tom Golisano, who had donated $5 million to the Democrats' campaigns. However, dissatisfaction with the job that Majority Leader Malcolm Smith was doing was growing with his fellow Democrats, as well as with Golisano. Golisano, with the aid of his political adviser Steve",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12382355",
"chunk_text": "\"Majority Leader of the New York State Senate\"\nLeader had to give up his post upon becoming acting lieutenant governor, and if such an acting lieutenant governor became President of the Senate for the remainder of the unexpired term. Traditionally, the positions of acting lieutenant governor and acting governor were considered to be tied to the post of Majority Leader. This means that if the Majority Leader resigns, or is ousted from office, or if the majority changes and a new Majority Leader is chosen, the offices of acting lieutenant governor or acting governor were transferred at the same time to the new Majority Leader. Majority Leader of",
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"page_id": 46
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{
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"chunk_id": "5624354",
"chunk_text": "\"New York State Senate\"\nThompson was defeated by Mark Grisanti, Sen. Darrel Aubertine was defeated by Patty Ritchie, and Craig Johnson was defeated by Jack Martins. Just before the new legislative session convened in January 2011, four Democrats, led by former Democratic whip Jeff Klein, broke away from the main Democratic Conference to form an Independent Democratic Conference (IDC). Klein said that he and his three colleagues, Diane Savino, David Carlucci and David Valesky could no longer support the leadership of Senate Democratic Leader John Sampson. In March 2011, \"\"Gang of Four\"\" member Senator Carl Kruger surrendered to bribery charges. He later pleaded guilty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9985977",
"chunk_text": "\"Jeffrey D. Klein\"\nJeffrey D. Klein Jeffrey David Klein (born July 10, 1960) is a New York State politician and a member of the Democratic Party. He represents New York State Senate's 34th District, serving parts of Bronx and Westchester Counties. Klein also serves as Deputy Democratic Conference Leader. Klein served in the New York State Assembly from 1994 until 2004, when he was elected to the New York State Senate. From January 2011 to April 2018, Klein led the Independent Democratic Conference (IDC), a group of eight Democratic state senators who formed a separate conference and allied themselves with Senate Republicans. Klein",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4184083",
"chunk_text": "\"Dean Skelos\"\n\"\"Although a defendant has a right to testify in his own defense, giving false testimony must be punished.\"\" Adam Skelos was sentenced to a four year prison term. Under New York State law, Skelos continues to draw his annual pension of nearly $100,000 for the rest of his life, even while in prison. Dean Skelos Dean George Skelos (born February 16, 1948) is an American Republican politician and convicted felon. He is a former Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. Skelos represented District 9 in the State Senate, comprising the southwest region of Nassau County, from 1985 through",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_908
|
who created the pieta and also painted the ceiling of the sistine chapel?
|
n/a
|
[
"Michelangelo"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "12665395",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nparticular pentimenti, highlights and shadows, and other detailing painted \"\"a secco\"\" – was lost in the removal of various accretions. Vasari Johann Wolfgang Goethe Waldemar Januszczak The art critic and television producer Waldemar Januszczak wrote that when the Sistine Chapel ceiling was recently cleaned, he \"\"was able to persuade the man at the Vatican who was in charge of Japanese TV access to let me climb the scaffold while the cleaning was in progress.\"\" Gabriele Bartz and Eberhard König Pope John Paul II Sistine Chapel ceiling The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12665317",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nSistine Chapel ceiling The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art. The ceiling is that of the Sistine Chapel, the large papal chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV, for whom the chapel is named. It was painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. The chapel is the location for papal conclaves and many other important services. The ceiling's various painted elements form part of a larger scheme of decoration within the Chapel, which includes the large fresco \"\"The Last Judgment\"\" on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
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"chunk_text": "Michelangelo\nof the \"\"Last Judgement\"\" and the frescoes of the Capella Paolina. The Sistine Chapel ceiling was a work of unprecedented grandeur, both for its architectonic forms, to be imitated by many Baroque ceiling painters, and also for the wealth of its inventiveness in the study of figures. Vasari wrote: Michelangelo Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni or more commonly known by his first name Michelangelo (; ; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "655992",
"chunk_text": "\"Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nGallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is one of the most renowned artworks of the High Renaissance. Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of which \"\"The Creation of Adam\"\" is the best known, the hands of God and Adam being reproduced in countless imitations. The complex design includes several sets of individual figures, both clothed and nude, which allowed Michelangelo to fully demonstrate his skill in creating a huge variety of poses for the human figure, and have provided an enormously influential pattern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7172420",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel\"\nis decorated with frescoed hangings in silver and gold. Above the narrative frescos, the upper tier is divided into two zones. At the lower level of the windows is a \"\"Gallery of Popes\"\" painted at the same time as the \"\"Lives\"\". Around the arched tops of the windows are areas known as the \"\"lunettes\"\" which contain the \"\"Ancestors of Christ\"\", painted by Michelangelo as part of the scheme for the ceiling. The ceiling was commissioned by Pope Julius II and painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512. The commission was originally to paint the twelve apostles on the triangular pendentives",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277264",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nJulius who began the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in 1506, as the most potent symbol of the source of papal power. In the same year 1506, Pope Julius conceived a program to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. The walls of the chapel had been decorated twenty years earlier. The lowest of three levels is painted to resemble draped hangings and was (and sometimes still is) hung on special occasions with the set of tapestries designed by Raphael. The middle level contains a complex scheme of frescoes illustrating the \"\"Life of Christ\"\" on the right side and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2976954",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel\"\nceiling restoration began on 7 November 1984. The restoration complete, the chapel was re-opened to the public on 8 April 1994. The part of the restoration in the Sistine Chapel that has caused the most concern is the ceiling, painted by Michelangelo. The emergence of the brightly coloured Ancestors of Christ from the gloom sparked a reaction of fear that the processes being employed in the cleaning were too severe and removed the original intent of the artist. The problem lies in the analysis and understanding of the techniques utilised by Michelangelo, and the technical response of the restorers to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2920281",
"chunk_text": "\"Pietà (Michelangelo)\"\nPietà (Michelangelo) The Pietà (; ; 1498–1499) is a work of Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. It is the first of a number of works of the same theme by the artist. The statue was commissioned for the French Cardinal Jean de Bilhères, who was a representative in Rome. The sculpture, in Carrara marble, was made for the cardinal's funeral monument, but was moved to its current location, the first chapel on the right as one enters the basilica, in the 18th century. It is the only piece Michelangelo ever signed. This famous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18540526",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel\"\npainting of the ceiling in blue, studded with gilt stars, and with decorative borders around the architectural details of the pendentives. This was entirely replaced when Michelangelo came to work on the ceiling in 1508. Of the present scheme of frescos, the earliest part is that of the side walls. They are divided into three main tiers. The central tier of the walls has two cycles of paintings, which complement each other, \"\"The Life of Moses\"\" and \"\"The Life of Christ\"\". They were commissioned in 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV and executed by Domenico Ghirlandaio, Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Cosimo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18825634",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel\"\nSistine Chapel ceiling and \"\"The Last Judgment\"\" by Michelangelo. During the reign of Sixtus IV, a team of Renaissance painters that included Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Cosimo Rosselli, created a series of frescos depicting the \"\"Life of Moses\"\" and the \"\"Life of Christ\"\", offset by papal portraits above and trompe l’oeil drapery below. These paintings were completed in 1482, and on 15 August 1483 Sixtus IV celebrated the first mass in the Sistine Chapel for the Feast of the Assumption, at which ceremony the chapel was consecrated and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Between 1508 and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12665318",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nthe sanctuary wall, also by Michelangelo, wall paintings by several leading painters of the late 15th century including Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Pietro Perugino, and a set of large tapestries by Raphael, the whole illustrating much of the doctrine of the Catholic Church. Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of which \"\"The Creation of Adam\"\" is the best known, having an iconic standing equaled only by Leonardo da Vincis \"\"Mona Lisa\"\", the hands of God and Adam being reproduced in countless imitations. The complex design includes several sets of individual figures, both",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4858921",
"chunk_text": "Michelangelo\npresent in the \"\"Bruges Madonna\"\" is accentuated in the painting. The painting heralds the forms, movement and colour that Michelangelo was to employ on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. The kneeling angel is an early work, one of several that Michelangelo created as part of a large decorative scheme for the Arca di San Domenico in the church dedicated to that saint in Bologna. Several other artists had worked on the scheme, beginning with Nicola Pisano in the 13th century. In the late 15th century, the project was managed by Niccolò dell'Arca. An angel holding a candlestick, by Niccolò,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4858900",
"chunk_text": "Michelangelo\nof the Sistine Chapel, which took approximately four years to complete (1508–1512). According to Condivi's account, Bramante, who was working on the building of St. Peter's Basilica, resented Michelangelo's commission for the pope's tomb and convinced the pope to commission him in a medium with which he was unfamiliar, in order that he might fail at the task. Michelangelo was originally commissioned to paint the Twelve Apostles on the triangular pendentives that supported the ceiling, and to cover the central part of the ceiling with ornament. Michelangelo persuaded Pope Julius to give him a free hand and proposed a different",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12665321",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\n\"\"Life of Moses\"\" on the left side. It was carried out by some of the most renowned Renaissance painters: Botticelli, Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Pinturicchio, Signorelli and Cosimo Rosselli. The upper level of the walls contains the windows, between which are painted pairs of illusionistic niches with representations of the first thirty-two popes. A draft by Matteo d'Amelia indicates that the ceiling was painted blue like that of the Arena Chapel and decorated with gold stars, possibly representing the zodiacal constellations. It is probable that, because the chapel was the site of regular meetings and Masses of an elite body of officials",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277330",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nHe learned his trade first under the direction of a masterly fresco painter, Domenico Ghirlandaio, known for two great fresco cycles in the Sassetti Chapel and Tornabuoni Chapel, and for his contribution to the cycle of paintings on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. As a student Michelangelo studied and drew from the works of the two most renowned Florentine fresco painters of the early Renaissance, Giotto and Masaccio. Masaccio's figures of Adam and Eve being expelled from the Garden of Eden had a profound effect on the depiction of the nude in general, and in particular on the use",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18047483",
"chunk_text": "\"Pietà (Michelangelo)\"\npanel. Pietà (Michelangelo) The Pietà (; ; 1498–1499) is a work of Renaissance sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. It is the first of a number of works of the same theme by the artist. The statue was commissioned for the French Cardinal Jean de Bilhères, who was a representative in Rome. The sculpture, in Carrara marble, was made for the cardinal's funeral monument, but was moved to its current location, the first chapel on the right as one enters the basilica, in the 18th century. It is the only piece Michelangelo ever signed. This",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4858880",
"chunk_text": "Michelangelo\nfellow Florentine and client of the Medici, Leonardo da Vinci.<ref name=\"\"Britannica\"\"/ A number of Michelangelo's works of painting, sculpture and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. His output in these fields was prodigious; given the sheer volume of surviving correspondence, sketches and reminiscences, he is the best-documented artist of the 16th century. He sculpted two of his best-known works, the \"\"Pietà\"\" and \"\"David\"\", before the age of thirty. Despite holding a low opinion of painting, he also created two of the most influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277332",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nand the relatively conservative concept of the relationship between Eve and her Creator adheres closely to Jacopo's design. Other panels on the ceiling, most particularly the iconic \"\"Creation of Adam\"\" show \"\"... unprecedented invention\"\". The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was to have a profound effect upon other artists, even before it was completed. Vasari, in his Life of Raphael, tells us that Bramante, who had the keys to the chapel, let Raphael in to examine the paintings in Michelangelo's absence. On seeing Michelangelo's prophets, Raphael went back to the picture of the Prophet Isaiah that he was painting on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3388792",
"chunk_text": "Spirituali\nSpirituali The Spirituali were members of a reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church, which existed from the 1530s to the 1560s. The movement is sometimes also called evangelism. The ranks of the Spirituali included Cardinal Gasparo Contarini (1483–1542), Cardinal Jacopo Sadoleto (1477–1547), Cardinal Reginald Pole (1500–1558), Italian poet Vittoria Colonna, and her friend, the artist Michelangelo (1475–1564), who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the very controversial \"\"Last Judgement\"\". These \"\"Italian evangelicals\"\" proposed to reform the Church through a spiritual renewal and internalization of faith by each individual, viewing the intense study of scripture and justification by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1228027",
"chunk_text": "Italophilia\n1475 and, like Leonardo, was a true Renaissance man. He was a sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. He was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime and, since then, one of the greatest artists of all time. His two best-known sculptures, the Pietà and David, are famous throughout the world. Michelangelo also created two of the most famous and influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis covering the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "655995",
"chunk_text": "\"Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\non the Flight into Egypt. The \"\"Ignudi\"\" which surround the narrative scenes may show the perfection of Humanity, or may represent angels. They were often imitated by other artists. The shields represent violent episodes in the history of Israel. Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is one of the most renowned artworks of the High Renaissance. Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of which \"\"The Creation of Adam\"\" is the best known, the hands of God and Adam being reproduced in countless imitations.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18540512",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel\"\n1512, under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted the chapel's ceiling, a project which changed the course of Western art and is regarded as one of the major artistic accomplishments of human civilization. In a different climate after the Sack of Rome, he returned and between 1535 and 1541, painted \"\"The Last Judgment\"\" for Popes Clement VII and Paul III. The fame of Michelangelo's paintings has drawn multitudes of visitors to the chapel ever since they were revealed five hundred years ago. While known as the location of Papal conclaves, the primary function of the Sistine Chapel is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14431694",
"chunk_text": "\"Art patronage of Julius II\"\nArt patronage of Julius II Pope Julius II (reigned 1503–1513), commissioned a series of highly influential art and architecture projects in Rome. The painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo and various rooms in the Vatican by Raphael are considered among the masterworks that mark the High Renaissance in Rome. His decision to rebuild St Peters led to the construction of the massive basilica we see now. Julius died in 1513, and except for the Sistine Chapel ceiling, which he lived to see finished, his very largest commissions were finished after his death. The term \"\"High Renaissance\"\" was first",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12665328",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nof the Sistine Chapel. At the outset, the plaster, \"\"intonaco\"\", began to grow mold because it was too wet. Michelangelo had to remove it and start again. He then tried a new formula created by one of his assistants, Jacopo l'Indaco, which resisted mold and entered the Italian building tradition. Because he was painting \"\"fresco\"\", the plaster was laid in a new section every day, called a \"\"giornata\"\". At the beginning of each session, the edges would be scraped away and a new area laid down. The edges between \"\"giornate\"\" remain slightly visible; thus, they give a good idea of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12665381",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nof God, impassively watching and waiting on the fate of Humankind. Their painting demonstrates, more than any other figures on the ceiling, Michelangelo's mastery of anatomy and foreshortening and his enormous powers of invention. In their reflection of classical antiquity they resonate with Pope Julius' aspirations to lead Italy towards a new 'age of gold'; at the same time, they staked Michelangelo's claim to greatness. However, a number of critics were angered by their presence and nudity, including Pope Adrian VI who wanted the ceiling stripped. Michelangelo was the artistic heir to the great 15th-century sculptors and painters of Florence.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1225620",
"chunk_text": "\"Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\"\nRestoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes The conservation-restoration of the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel was one of the most significant conservation-restorations of the 20th century. The Sistine Chapel was built by Pope Sixtus IV within the Vatican immediately to the north of St. Peter's Basilica and completed in about 1481. Its walls were decorated by a number of Renaissance painters who were among the most highly regarded artists of late 15th century Italy, including Ghirlandaio, Perugino, and Botticelli. The Chapel was further enhanced under Pope Julius II by the painting of the ceiling by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12665344",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\n\"\"real\"\" architectural elements by accentuating the lines where spandrels and pendentives intersect with the curving vault. Michelangelo painted these as decorative courses that look like sculpted stone moldings. These have two repeating motifs, a formula common in Classical architecture. Here, one motif is the acorn, the symbol of the family of both Pope Sixtus IV, who built the chapel, and Pope Julius II, who commissioned Michelangelo's work. The other motif is the scallop shell, one of the symbols of the Madonna, to whose assumption the chapel was dedicated in 1483. The crown of the wall then rises above the spandrels,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "18047479",
"chunk_text": "\"Pietà (Michelangelo)\"\nSanta Petronilla, a Roman mausoleum near the south transept of St. Peter's, which the Cardinal chose as his funerary chapel. The chapel was later demolished by Bramante during his rebuilding of the basilica. According to Giorgio Vasari, shortly after the installation of his \"\"Pietà\"\", Michelangelo overheard (or asked visitors about the sculptor) someone remark that it was the work of another sculptor, Cristoforo Solari, whereupon Michelangelo signed the sculpture. Michelangelo carved (Michelangelo Buonarroti, Florentine, made this) on the sash running across Mary's chest. The signature echoes one used by the ancient Greek artists, Apelles and Polykleitos. It was the only",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12665327",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\non his back. According to Vasari, \"\"The work was carried out in extremely uncomfortable conditions, from his having to work with his head tilted upwards\"\". Michelangelo described his physical discomfort in a humorous sonnet accompanied by a little sketch. The painting technique employed was fresco, in which the paint is applied to damp plaster. Michelangelo had been an apprentice in the workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio, one of the most competent and prolific of Florentine fresco painters, at the time that the latter was employed on a fresco cycle at Santa Maria Novella and whose work was represented on the walls",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12665324",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nshown to the public on All Saints Day in 1512 after a preliminary showing and papal Mass on August 14, 1511. It is unknown and is the subject of much speculation among art historians whether Michelangelo was really able to \"\"do as he liked\"\". It has been suggested that the Augustinian friar and cardinal, Giles of Viterbo, was a consultant for the theological aspect of the work. Many writers consider that Michelangelo had the intellect, the Biblical knowledge, and the powers of invention to have devised the scheme himself. This is supported by Ascanio Condivi's statement that Michelangelo read and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277335",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\ndespair or jubilation. Among the artists in whose work can be seen the direct influence of Michelangelo are Pontormo, Andrea del Sarto, Correggio, Tintoretto, Annibale Carracci, Paolo Veronese and El Greco. In January 2007, it was claimed that as many as 10,000 visitors passed through the Vatican Museums in a day and that the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel is the biggest attraction. The Vatican, anxious at the possibility that the newly restored frescoes will suffer damage, announced plans to reduce visiting hours and raise the price in an attempt to discourage visitors. Five hundred years earlier Vasari had said",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277336",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\n\"\"The whole world came running when the vault was revealed, and the sight of it was enough to reduce them to stunned silence.\"\" The frescoes of the Sistine Chapel were restored between June 1980 and December 1999, with preliminary tests taking place in 1979. The first stage of restoration, the work upon Michelangelo's lunettes, was achieved in October 1984. The work then proceeded on the ceiling, completed December 1989 and from there to the Last Judgement. The restoration was unveiled by Pope John Paul II on 8 April 1994. The restoration team comprised Gianluigi Colalucci, Maurizio Rossi, Piergiorgio Bonetti, Bruno",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "9881372",
"chunk_text": "\"Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes\"\nand by the painting of the \"\"Last Judgment\"\", commissioned by Pope Clement VII and completed in 1541, again by Michelangelo. The tapestries on the lowest tier, today best known from the Raphael Cartoons (painted designs) of 1515–16, completed the ensemble. Together the paintings make up the greatest pictorial scheme of the Renaissance. Individually, some of Michelangelo's paintings on the ceiling are among the most notable works of western art ever created. The frescoes of the Sistine Chapel and in particular the ceiling and accompanying lunettes by Michelangelo have been subject to a number of restorations, the most recent taking place",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7142259",
"chunk_text": "\"Pietà (Perugino)\"\nPietà (Perugino) Pietà is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, executed around 1483-1493, and housed in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. The work was painted for the church of the convent of San Giusto alle mura together with the \"\"Agony in the Garden\"\" and a \"\"Crucifixion\"\". Renaissance art biographer Giorgio Vasari saw them in side altars of the church of San Giovanni Battista alla Calza, after the original location had been destroyed during the Siege of Florence in 1529. It was moved to the Uffizi in the 20th century. The dating of the work is disputed: it varies",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12665342",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nand passionate Christian beliefs. The Sistine Chapel is 40.9 metres long and 14 metres wide. The ceiling rises to 13.4 metres above the main floor of the chapel. The vault is of quite a complex design and it is unlikely that it was originally intended to have such elaborate decoration. Pier Matteo d'Amelia provided a plan for its decoration with the architectural elements picked out and the ceiling painted blue and dotted with gold stars, similar to that of the Arena Chapel decorated by Giotto at Padua. The chapel walls have three horizontal tiers with six windows in the upper",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
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"chunk_id": "17999837",
"chunk_text": "\"Monte di Pietà, Naples\"\nthe entrance, between two pairs of pilasters of Ionic order there are two niches with statues of Pietro Bernini, the father of the famous Roman sculptor Gian Lorenzo, representing \"\"Charity\"\" and \"\"Security\"\". In the tympanum, is the \"\"Pietà\"\" by Michelangelo Naccherino with two angels of Tommaso Montani. The chapel vault was frescoed by the Greek painter Belisario Corenzio and on the right is a painting by Ippolito Borghese, on the left a painting begun by Girolamo Imparato and completed by Fabrizio Santafede, and in the center, behind the high altar, the \"\"Deposition\"\" by Santafede. The tomb of Cardinal Acquaviva (1617)",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "20640537",
"chunk_text": "\"Pietà\"\nFlorentine did it\"\". In a lesser known Michelangelo pietà, \"\"The Deposition\"\", it is not the Virgin Mary who is holding Jesus' body, but rather Nicodemus (or possibly Joseph of Arimathea), Mary Magdalene, and the Virgin Mary. There is some indication that the man in the hood is based on a self-portrait of the artist. The sculpture is housed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in Florence and is also known as the \"\"Florentine Pietà\"\". A generation later, the Spanish painter Luis de Morales painted a number of highly emotional pietàs, with examples in the Louvre and Museo del Prado. Pietà",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12665325",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nreread the Old Testament while he was painting the ceiling, drawing his inspiration from the words of the scripture, rather than from the established traditions of sacral art. A total of 343 figures were painted on the ceiling. To reach the chapel's ceiling, Michelangelo designed his own scaffold, a flat wooden platform on brackets built out from holes in the wall near the top of the windows, rather than being built up from the floor. Mancinelli speculates that this was in order to cut the cost of timber. According to Michelangelo's pupil and biographer Ascanio Condivi, the brackets and frame",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "20640536",
"chunk_text": "\"Pietà\"\nyouthful, and in repose, rather than the older, sorrowing Mary of most pietàs. She is shown as youthful for two reasons; God is the source of all beauty and she is one of the closest to God, also the exterior is thought as the revelation of the interior (the virgin is morally beautiful). The \"\"Pietà\"\" with the Virgin Mary is also unique among Michelangelo's sculptures, because it was the only one he ever signed, upon hearing that visitors thought it had been sculpted by Cristoforo Solari, a competitor. His signature is carved as \"\"MICHAELA[N]GELUS BONAROTUS FLORENTIN[US] FACIEBA[T]\"\" \"\"Michelangelo Buonarroti the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "15720055",
"chunk_text": "\"Andrea Pozzo\"\nAndrea Pozzo Andrea Pozzo (; Latinized version: \"\"Andreas Puteus\"\"; 30 November 1642 – 31 August 1709) was an Italian Jesuit brother, Baroque painter and architect, decorator, stage designer, and art theoretician. Pozzo was best known for his grandiose frescoes using the illusionistic technique called quadratura, in which architecture and fancy are intermixed. His masterpiece is the nave ceiling of the Church of Sant'Ignazio in Rome. Through his techniques, he became one of the most noteworthy figures of the Baroque period. He is also noted for the architectural plans of Ljubljana Cathedral (1700), inspired by the designs of the Jesuit churches",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7748427",
"chunk_text": "\"Palestrina Pietà\"\nPalestrina Pietà The Palestrina Pietà is a marble sculpture by the Italian High Renaissance, dating from c. 1555 and housed in the Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence. It was formerly attributed to Michelangelo, but now it is mostly considered to have been completed by someone else, such as Niccolò Menghini or Gian Lorenzo Bernini. According to the Galleria dell'Accademia, the sculpture's \"\"attribution to the master is still somehow controversial\"\". This Pietà depicts three figures, one of them the body of Jesus Christ. The sculpture was originally in a room beside the Santa Rosalia church in Palestrina and was owned by the Barberini",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
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"chunk_id": "3529012",
"chunk_text": "\"The Deposition (Michelangelo)\"\nThe Deposition (Michelangelo) The Deposition (also called the Bandini Pietà or The Lamentation over the Dead Christ) is a marble sculpture by the Italian High Renaissance master Michelangelo. The sculpture, on which Michelangelo worked between 1547 and 1555, depicts four figures: the dead body of Jesus Christ, newly taken down from the Cross, Nicodemus (or possibly Joseph of Arimathea), Mary Magdalene and the Virgin Mary. The sculpture is housed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in Florence and is therefore also known as the Florentine Pietà. According to Vasari, Michelangelo made the Florence Pietà to decorate his tomb in Santa",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_id": "4858925",
"chunk_text": "Michelangelo\nbetween 1508 and 1512. The ceiling is a flattened barrel vault supported on twelve triangular pendentives that rise from between the windows of the chapel. The commission, as envisaged by Pope Julius II, was to adorn the pendentives with figures of the twelve apostles. Michelangelo, who was reluctant to take the job, persuaded the Pope to give him a free hand in the composition. The resultant scheme of decoration awed his contemporaries and has inspired other artists ever since. The scheme is of nine panels illustrating episodes from the Book of Genesis, set in an architectonic frame. On the pendentives,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
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"chunk_id": "6334167",
"chunk_text": "Raphael\nnot interrupt the work at all, as he was succeeded by Raphael's last Pope, the Medici Pope Leo X, with whom Raphael formed an even closer relationship, and who continued to commission him. Raphael's friend Cardinal Bibbiena was also one of Leo's old tutors, and a close friend and advisor. Raphael was clearly influenced by Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling in the course of painting the room. Vasari said Bramante let him in secretly. The first section was completed in 1511 and the reaction of other artists to the daunting force of Michelangelo was the dominating question in Italian art for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17909525",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Maria della Pietà, Venice\"\noriginally projected three statues on the roof. Only a single simple cross ornaments the centre. Above the entrance is a large bas-relief representing \"\"Charity\"\" (1800) by Marsili. The interior is oval. The ceilings were frescoed by Tiepolo depicting \"\"Strength and Peace\"\" and \"\"Triumph of Faith\"\", flanked by angelic musicians, while the presbytery was painted by the same artist with the theological Virtues, (1745-1755). Tiepolo was aided by Jacopo Guarana, the pupil of Sebastiano Ricci who had originally made designs for the frescoes. A chapel by Giovanni Maria Morlaiter with a precious tabernacle decorated with gilded bronze figures and, at the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3762719",
"chunk_text": "\"Illusionistic ceiling painting\"\n\"\"Assumption of the Virgin\"\" that overwhelmed contemporary spectators with its exuberant illusionistic effects and became one of the first high baroque masterpieces. Lanfranco's work in Rome (1613–1630) and in Naples (1634–1646) was fundamental to the development of illusionism in Italy. Pietro Berrettini, called Pietro da Cortona, developed the illusionistic ceiling fresco to an extraordinary degree in works such as the ceiling (1633–1639) of the \"\"gran salone\"\" of Palazzo Barberini. From 1676 to 1679 Giovanni Battista Gaulli, called Baciccio, painted an \"\"Adoration of the Name of Jesus\"\" on the ceiling of the Church of the Gesù, the Jesuit headquarters in Rome.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19461282",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel\"\nThe northern wall houses the \"\"Stories of Jesus\"\", dating to 1481–1482. They include: Michelangelo was commissioned by Pope Julius II in 1508 to repaint the vault, or ceiling, of the Chapel. It was originally painted as golden stars on a blue sky. The work was completed between 1508 and 2 November 1512. He painted the \"\"Last Judgment\"\" over the altar, between 1535 and 1541, on commission from Pope Paul III Farnese. Michelangelo was intimidated by the scale of the commission, and made it known from the outset of Julius II's approach that he would prefer to decline. He felt he",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15521636",
"chunk_text": "\"Renaissance art\"\nRome. He then set about an exploration of the expressive possibilities of the human anatomy. His commission by Pope Julius II to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling resulted in the supreme masterpiece of figurative composition, which was to have profound effect on every subsequent generation of European artists. His later work, \"\"The Last Judgement\"\", painted on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel between 1534 and 1541 shows a Mannerist (also called Late Renaissance) style with generally elongated bodies which took over from the High Renaissance style between 1520 and 1530. Standing alongside Leonardo and Michelangelo as the third great",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4858899",
"chunk_text": "Michelangelo\nfinished in five years. Under the patronage of the pope, Michelangelo experienced constant interruptions to his work on the tomb in order to accomplish numerous other tasks. Although Michelangelo worked on the tomb for 40 years, it was never finished to his satisfaction. It is located in the Church of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome and is most famous for the central figure of Moses, completed in 1516. Of the other statues intended for the tomb, two, known as the \"\"Rebellious Slave\"\" and the \"\"Dying Slave\"\", are now in the Louvre. During the same period, Michelangelo painted the ceiling",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12665323",
"chunk_text": "\"Sistine Chapel ceiling\"\nRome to continue sculpting. The tomb sculptures, however, were never to be finished because in 1508 the pope returned to Rome victorious and summoned Michelangelo to begin work on the ceiling. The contract was signed on 10 May 1508. The scheme proposed by the pope was for twelve large figures of the Apostles to occupy the pendentives. However, Michelangelo negotiated for a grander, much more complex scheme and was finally permitted, in his own words, \"\"to do as I liked\"\". His scheme for the ceiling eventually comprised some three hundred figures and took four years to execute, being completed and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_909
|
who played cory's older brother on boy meets world?
|
n/a
|
[
"Will Friedle"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "14774088",
"chunk_text": "\"Ben Savage\"\nBen Savage Bennett Joseph Savage (born September 13, 1980) is an American actor. He played the lead role of Cory Matthews on the ABC sitcom \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" (1993–2000) and its Disney Channel sequel series \"\"Girl Meets World\"\" (2014–2017). Savage was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Joanne and Lewis Savage, who were an industrial real estate broker and a consultant. His elder brother is actor/director Fred Savage, and his elder sister is actress/musician Kala Savage. His grandparents were Jewish and from Poland, Ukraine, Germany, and Latvia, and Savage was raised in Reform Judaism. Savage made his film debut",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20608969",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Meets World\"\nmore and respect them for all that they do. His relationship with his elder brother Eric (Will Friedle) becomes confusing as Eric's constant obsession with girls is foreign to Cory, and he becomes more protective of his younger sister Morgan (Lily Nicksay from this season through the end of the second season). Cory begins to show interest in Topanga (Danielle Fishel), a smart outsider in his class, though he often hides this by insulting and berating her. Cory and Topanga have known each other since they were kids, making romance in their relationship even more predictable. Cory and Shawn's friendship",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6011456",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Meets World\"\nBoy Meets World Boy Meets World is an American television sitcom created and produced by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly. The show aired on the ABC network from September 24, 1993 to May 5, 2000, lasting seven seasons. The show chronicles the everyday events and life-lessons of Cory Matthews (Ben Savage). It also stars Cory's teacher George Feeny (William Daniels), best friend Shawn Hunter (Rider Strong), brother Eric (Will Friedle), and love interest Topanga (Danielle Fishel). The show also features Cory's father Alan (William Russ), mother Amy (Betsy Randle), and sister Morgan (Lily Nicksay), while introducing the characters Angela Moore",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6011457",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Meets World\"\n(Trina McGee-Davis), Rachel McGuire (Maitland Ward), Jonathan Turner (Anthony Tyler Quinn), Eli Williams (Alex Désert), and Jack Hunter (Matthew Lawrence) during its later seasons. The first season begins with Cory Matthews (Ben Savage) and his best friend Shawn Hunter (Rider Strong), two average sixth-graders. They do not care about schoolwork, despite the efforts of their longtime teacher George Feeny (William Daniels). Initially, their main interest is sports, though later Shawn and then Cory begin to express an interest in girls. This season focuses specifically on Cory's relationships with the other characters in the show. He begins to understand his parents",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12466723",
"chunk_text": "\"Jake Thomas\"\nJake Thomas Jake Thomas (born January 30, 1990) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his role as Matt McGuire, the title character's younger brother, in the Disney Channel show \"\"Lizzie McGuire\"\" (2001–04). In 2002, he won a Young Artist Award for supporting actor for his performance in \"\"A.I. Artificial Intelligence\"\" (2001). He also appeared in \"\"Cory in the House\"\" (2007–08), playing the role of Jason Stickler. Thomas was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, the son of Kim Simms Thomas, a television reporter and writer, and Bob Thomas, a radio personality, actor and writer. The youngest of three children, he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8609495",
"chunk_text": "\"Will Friedle\"\nJuly 4, 2006 issue of \"\"People\"\", Friedle mentioned he had thought about attending culinary school. After co-hosting Nickelodeon's \"\"Don't Just Sit There\"\" for three seasons (1988–1991), Friedle was cast as Cory Matthews' likeable but underachieving elder brother Eric on the long-running TV sitcom \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" from 1993 to 2000. In 2004, he co-starred with Chris Owen in the independent film \"\"National Lampoon's Gold Diggers\"\" (originally titled \"\"Lady Killers\"\"). He also appeared in a supporting role in the 2005 ABC Family movie \"\"Everything You Want.\"\" Friedle was cast as Mike in the WB sitcom \"\"Off Centre\"\", but could not accept",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17123438",
"chunk_text": "\"Lily Nicksay\"\nthe University of St Andrews, Scotland, with an MA degree in Latin and Ancient Greek. She married BMG songwriter Dave Gibson on August 16, 2015. Lily Nicksay Lily Nicksay (born January 8, 1988) is an American actress. She is known for originating the role of Morgan Matthews, Cory's little sister, in the first two seasons of \"\"Boy Meets World\"\". She reprised the role for the season 3 finale of \"\"Girl Meets World\"\". Nicksay's television credits include guest star appearances on \"\"The Mentalist\"\", \"\"The Guardian\"\", \"\"8 Simple Rules\"\", and \"\"Judging Amy\"\". She has also appeared in the feature films \"\"The Negotiator\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17123436",
"chunk_text": "\"Lily Nicksay\"\nLily Nicksay Lily Nicksay (born January 8, 1988) is an American actress. She is known for originating the role of Morgan Matthews, Cory's little sister, in the first two seasons of \"\"Boy Meets World\"\". She reprised the role for the season 3 finale of \"\"Girl Meets World\"\". Nicksay's television credits include guest star appearances on \"\"The Mentalist\"\", \"\"The Guardian\"\", \"\"8 Simple Rules\"\", and \"\"Judging Amy\"\". She has also appeared in the feature films \"\"The Negotiator\"\", \"\"The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle\"\", and \"\"Up Close & Personal\"\", and in the 1995 television movie \"\"The Christmas Box\"\". She was seen in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8609498",
"chunk_text": "\"Will Friedle\"\nLeague Unlimited, , ThunderCats\"\" and \"\"Mad\"\". He married his girlfriend, Susan Martens, on September 25, 2016 in Connecticut. Will Friedle William Alan Friedle (; born August 11, 1976) is an American actor, writer and comedian. He is best known for his comedic roles, most notably the underachieving elder brother Eric Matthews on the long-running TV sitcom \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" from 1993 to 2000. More recently, he has voiced a number of animated characters such as Terry McGinnis/Batman, the title character of \"\"Batman Beyond\"\", and Ron Stoppable of \"\"Kim Possible\"\". He voices Deadpool in \"\"Ultimate Spider-Man\"\" and Star-Lord in the animated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5471931",
"chunk_text": "\"Douglass Watson\"\nDouglass Watson Larkin Douglass Watson III (February 24, 1921 — May 1, 1989) was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Mac Cory on the daytime soap opera \"\"Another World\"\". Watson was born in Jackson, Georgia, the son of Caroline (née Smith) and Larkin Douglass Watson, Jr., a teacher. Before his acting career, he received two Purple Heart awards for his service in World War II. A character actor since 1950, his most notable roles were in the movies \"\"Julius Caesar\"\" (1953), \"\"Sayonara\"\" (1957), and \"\"The Money Pit\"\" (1986). He was also an acclaimed actor on",
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"chunk_id": "9715200",
"chunk_text": "\"Ben Savage\"\nrole of Matthew, son of the Judd Hirsch character, on the comedy series \"\"Dear John\"\" (1988). Then he was one of a family of orphans who con Robert Mitchum into being their guardian in \"\"A Family For Joe\"\" (NBC, 1990). Ben is best known for his role as lead character Cory Matthews on the hit TV sitcom \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" from 1993 until 2000. Savage's brother Fred appeared alongside him in one episode of \"\"Boy Meets World\"\", guest starring as a lecherous college professor pursuing Cory's girlfriend. In the following season, Fred directed his brother and the cast of \"\"Boy",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "11221454",
"chunk_text": "\"Shane Sweet\"\nShane Sweet Christopher Shane Sweet (born January 6, 1986) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his role as Josh Stevenson, Robbie's younger brother, on Nickelodeon series \"\"The Journey of Allen Strange\"\". He also briefly appeared in the Fox network sitcom \"\"Married... with Children\"\" as \"\"Seven\"\" who was written out of the series at midseason due to the extreme unpopularity of his character with viewers. He was also in episodes of \"\"Baywatch\"\" and \"\"\"\". After \"\"Married... with Children\"\" in 1993 he went on to co-star in the Nickelodeon series \"\"The Journey of Allen Strange\"\". He also appeared in the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Pilot (Boy Meets World)\"\nSavage and ran from 1988 until the end of the 1992-93 season. Savage, now 17, was considered too old to take on another similar role, but his younger brother Ben, who had made a cameo in \"\"The Wonder Years\"\" in 1990 at the age of 10 and had recently appeared in the miniseries \"\"Wild Palms\"\", was given the role of Cory Matthews. One of the other key castings was William Daniels as George Feeny, Cory's teacher and nemesis; Daniels had previously held a high-profile role on \"\"St. Elsewhere\"\" in the 1980s. The pilot episode premiered on ABC on September 24,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Maybe This Time\"\ndating his father, Nick Sr. (Robert Cicchini) though their date did not progress any further unlike their children. The episode \"\"Acting Out\"\" featured Ben Savage, Rider Strong and William Daniels making cameo appearances as Cory Matthews, Shawn Hunter and George Feeny, their characters from Michael Jacobs's other ABC sitcom \"\"Boy Meets World\"\". However, the two series do not exist in the same fictional universe as they appeared in the form of television characters in a fictional episode of \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" being watched by Gracie, who later had a waking dream about them. The series initially entered the Top 20",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "5471933",
"chunk_text": "\"Douglass Watson\"\nHe portrayed the role from 1974 to 1989. He played the father of Tom Hanks' character in the 1986 film \"\"The Money Pit\"\". He won two Daytime Emmys for Best Actor, in 1980 and 1981. He was under contract at the time of his 1989 death while on vacation in Arizona. His character on the show also died shortly afterward. Douglass Watson Larkin Douglass Watson III (February 24, 1921 — May 1, 1989) was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Mac Cory on the daytime soap opera \"\"Another World\"\". Watson was born in Jackson, Georgia,",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Boy Meets World\"\nSavage and Danielle Fishel reprise their roles as Cory and Topanga. Philadelphia area native Sabrina Carpenter plays Riley's best friend Maya Hart. Several cast members from \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" appear in recurring guest roles. Most prominently: Rider Strong (Shawn Hunter), Will Friedle (Eric Matthews), Danny McNulty (Harley Keiner), Lee Norris (Stuart Minkus), and William Daniels (Mr. Feeny). \"\"Girl Meets World\"\" ran three seasons before being canceled in 2017. Boy Meets World Boy Meets World is an American television sitcom created and produced by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly. The show aired on the ABC network from September 24, 1993 to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Cory Monteith\"\nCory Monteith Cory Allan Michael Monteith (; May 11, 1982 July 13, 2013) was a Canadian actor and musician, known for his role as Finn Hudson on the Fox television series \"\"Glee\"\". As an actor based in British Columbia, Monteith had minor roles on television series before being cast on \"\"Glee\"\". Following his success in that show, Monteith's film work included the movie \"\"Monte Carlo\"\", and a starring role in \"\"Sisters & Brothers\"\". Monteith had a troubled adolescence involving substance abuse from age 13; he left school at age 16. After an intervention by family and friends he entered drug",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
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"chunk_id": "7605631",
"chunk_text": "\"Will Friedle\"\nWill Friedle William Alan Friedle (; born August 11, 1976) is an American actor, writer and comedian. He is best known for his comedic roles, most notably the underachieving elder brother Eric Matthews on the long-running TV sitcom \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" from 1993 to 2000. More recently, he has voiced a number of animated characters such as Terry McGinnis/Batman, the title character of \"\"Batman Beyond\"\", and Ron Stoppable of \"\"Kim Possible\"\". He voices Deadpool in \"\"Ultimate Spider-Man\"\" and Star-Lord in the animated version of \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"\", replacing Chris Cox. He also performed the voices of Doyle in \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
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"chunk_id": "11221455",
"chunk_text": "\"Shane Sweet\"\nNickelodeon game show \"\"Figure It Out\"\" in the second and fourth seasons. He graduated from John Burroughs High School in Burbank, California in June 2004. In the early 2000s, Sweet was a member of the music group Atalanta. In 2005 Sweet formed a band named The Celestial Matinee. He toured with this band in 2007. Shane Sweet Christopher Shane Sweet (born January 6, 1986) is an American actor, perhaps best known for his role as Josh Stevenson, Robbie's younger brother, on Nickelodeon series \"\"The Journey of Allen Strange\"\". He also briefly appeared in the Fox network sitcom \"\"Married... with Children\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "16540849",
"chunk_text": "\"Paul Regina\"\nin the Broadway production. He appeared in several additional plays in both Los Angeles and New York City throughout his career. He began appearing on television in 1978 in the series \"\"Police Woman\"\". He had starring roles in the television series \"\"Joe & Valerie\"\" from 1978 to 1979 with Char Fontane and \"\"Zorro and Son\"\" in 1983 with Henry Darrow. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of gay sibling Cliff Waters, with Robert Walden and Brandon Maggart as his two brothers, and Philip Charles MacKenzie as his best friend, in Showtime's groundbreaking 80s sitcom \"\"Brothers\"\", which was the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Matthew Lawrence\"\nbrothers, Joey Lawrence and Andy, both of whom are also actors. Lawrence attended classes at Abington Friends School. Lawrence began acting in the mid-1980s, his first role being that of Danny Carrington in \"\"Dynasty\"\". He continued as a child actor through the early 1990s, appearing in many television and feature film roles, including the 1993 Robin Williams comedy \"\"Mrs. Doubtfire\"\" and the mid-1990s television series \"\"Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad\"\". In addition, he maintained starring roles in \"\"Brotherly Love\"\", which starred his real life brothers, and \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" where he played Jack Hunter. Lawrence also appeared alongside Rob Schneider in \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Girl Meets World\"\nin mid-November 2012 for the lead roles of Riley Matthews, the daughter of Cory and Topanga, Maya, a witty friend of Riley's who has a troubled past, and Elliot, Riley's older brother. By the end of January 2013, Rowan Blanchard and Sabrina Carpenter were cast as Riley and Maya, respectively. Teo Halm was tapped for the role of Elliot in early March. Filming of the pilot began on March 20, 2013, and concluded on March 22, 2013. Rider Strong and Will Friedle made a surprise visit to the set, sparking rumors of a return, or at least a cameo appearance,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8600169",
"chunk_text": "\"Ethan Suplee\"\nis a Scientologist. Since 2006, he has been married to Brandy Lewis, the younger sister of actress and singer Juliette Lewis. Ethan Suplee Ethan Suplee (born May 25, 1976) is an American film and television actor best known for his roles as Seth Ryan in \"\"American History X\"\", Louie Lastik in \"\"Remember the Titans\"\", Frankie in \"\"Boy Meets World\"\", Randy Hickey in \"\"My Name Is Earl\"\", Toby in \"\"The Wolf of Wall Street\"\", Elwood in \"\"Without a Paddle\"\", and his roles in Kevin Smith films. Suplee was born in Manhattan, the son of Debbie and Bill Suplee (who later played",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
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"chunk_id": "644589",
"chunk_text": "\"William Russ\"\nWilliam Russ William Russ (born October 20, 1950) is an American actor and television director. He is perhaps best known for his role as Alan Matthews on the sitcom \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" (1993–2000). Russ is also notable for his roles in the television series \"\"Wiseguy\"\", the soap operas \"\"Another World\"\" and \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" and the feature films \"\"The Right Stuff\"\" (1983), \"\"Pastime\"\" (1990) and \"\"American History X\"\" (1998). Russ was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, and is the son of a naval officer. He attended the University of Michigan, where he was a member of the Michigan Cheer",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "14853894",
"chunk_text": "\"Teo Halm\"\nwas cast as a Neanderthal boy. In 2010 he was hired to play \"\"Will Campbell\"\" a fictitious UCLA spokesperson in a fund-raising e-solicitation to UCLA alumni. In 2012 Halm played the lead in a short coming of age film, \"\"Waltham Vanguard\"\", written and directed by Bill Barker, Halm played opposite Jaime P. Gomez of \"\"Nash Bridges\"\" fame. In 2013 he was cast in the Disney Channel \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" follow-up series \"\"Girl Meets World\"\" as Elliot, the son of Cory (Ben Savage) and Topanga (Danielle Fishel). He shot the pilot, but his character was dropped from the series. In 2014",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Another World (TV series)\"\nincluding trying to break up Marley's relationship with Jamie (now played by Russell Todd). Jake eventually blackmailed Paulina into marriage to get his hands on the Cory fortune. Vicky's romance with kindhearted police officer, Ryan Harrison (Paul Michael Valley), became one of the show's most popular love stories of the '90s. However, Vicky (now played by Jensen Buchanan) ruined her relationship with Ryan when she cheated on him with his brother, Grant (Mark Pinter). Vicky would come to regret the day she ever got involved with Grant as he continued to terrorize her for years. Amanda saw her marriage to",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "3176936",
"chunk_text": "\"Ted Shackelford\"\nTed Shackelford Theodore Tillman Shackelford III (born June 23, 1946) is an American actor. He played Gary Ewing in the CBS television series \"\"Knots Landing\"\" (1979–1993); since 2006, he has appeared in a recurring role on the CBS soap \"\"The Young and the Restless,\"\" portraying twin brothers William and Jeffrey Bardwell. Shackelford was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and went to college at the University of Denver. He appeared in the role as Ray Gordon on the daytime soap opera \"\"Another World\"\" from 1975 to 1977. He has also appeared in roles on \"\"Wonder Woman\"\" and most recently in \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "19650036",
"chunk_text": "\"Taran Noah Smith\"\nTaran Noah Smith Taran Noah Smith (born April 8, 1984) is an American former actor widely known for his role as Marcus \"\"Mark\"\" Jason Taylor, the youngest son on one of the longest running and most widely viewed sitcoms of the '90s, \"\"Home Improvement\"\". At 18, he gained control of his $1.5 million trust fund, which he accused his parents of squandering by purchasing themselves a mansion. His mother, Candy Bennici, stated in 2015, \"\"Of course we didn't touch his money... It was in a trust fund. We couldn't have touched it if we wanted to. They were trying to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "16778308",
"chunk_text": "\"Erik Per Sullivan\"\nErik Per Sullivan Erik Per Sullivan (born July 12, 1991) is a former American actor. He is best known for his role as Dewey, the younger brother to middle child Malcolm, on the Fox series \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\", which was on air for seven years. Sullivan was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. His father, Fred Sullivan, owns a Mexican restaurant in Milford, Massachusetts, called The Alamo. His mother, Ann, was born in Sweden and was naturalized as a US citizen in 2007. He is an only child. He speaks a little Swedish, and his family visits Sweden almost every year.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "16519281",
"chunk_text": "\"Alvin Alvarez\"\nAlvin Alvarez Alvin Alvarez (born November 5, 1989) is a Mexican-American actor who is best known for his role as Larry Garcia on the show \"\"The Brothers Garcia\"\". Alvarez has one sister who is two years older than him named Amy Alvarez. The character of Larry Garcia is the youngest of 3 siblings on the show \"\"The Brothers Garcia\"\", and back in 2000, Alvarez had disclosed to the publication company “Variety” that he relates to him on many different levels. He stated “Larry is pretty much like me, I have an older sister. My mom is very protective, and he’s",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12823565",
"chunk_text": "\"Justin Berfield\"\n2001, Berfield was asked to serve as a National Youth Ambassador for Ronald McDonald House Charities, in which he participated for three years until turning 18. He has been active with St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and most recently Virgin Unite, the charitable arm of Virgin Group. Justin Berfield Justin Tyler Berfield (born February 25, 1986) is an American actor, writer, and producer, best known for his portrayal of Malcolm's second-oldest brother, Reese, in the Fox sitcom \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\". He also starred on The WB sitcom \"\"Unhappily Ever After\"\" as Ross Malloy. As of 2010, Berfield is Chief",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "4168783",
"chunk_text": "\"Jason Marsden\"\n\"\"Extreme Ghostbusters\"\" and the younger versions of Shere Khan and King Louie on \"\"Jungle Cubs\"\", which was a babyfication of Disney's hit film \"\"Jungle Book\"\" and also reprised Max Goof on \"\"Disney's House of Mouse\"\". Some other on-camera roles were that of Rich Halke (J.T's best friend) in \"\"Step by Step\"\", which was from 1995 until the show's cancellation in 1998; and Nelson Burkhard (D.J.'s rich boyfriend) in \"\"Full House\"\". On \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" he played a character where he used his real name and was the best friend of Eric Matthews. He played the young Burt Ward/Robin in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5785639",
"chunk_text": "\"Erik Per Sullivan\"\n\"\"Together\"\", which shows the importance of livestock in the world and was inspired by the mission of the nonprofit charitable organization Heifer International. Toward the end of June 2006, he was seen in a specially made advertisement for the airing of the last episode of \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\" on Sky One in the UK. Erik Per Sullivan Erik Per Sullivan (born July 12, 1991) is a former American actor. He is best known for his role as Dewey, the younger brother to middle child Malcolm, on the Fox series \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\", which was on air for seven",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "4047063",
"chunk_text": "\"Josh Berresford\"\nJosh Berresford Joshua Lee \"\"Josh\"\" Berresford (born July 11, 1978) is an American actor, model, and spokesperson. Primarily known early in his career for his work on stage and in independent films, Berresford first gained national recognition for his role of Cory on the here! original series \"\"Dante's Cove\"\". Berresford was born and raised in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, a small town situated along the Beaver River, about thirty miles northwest of Pittsburgh, the youngest child of Rebecca Corey-Berresford-Cable and Robert Berresford. His older brother is Jason. HIs step-mother, since of the age of 6, is Jayne Beresford. During his years",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "9213440",
"chunk_text": "\"Victoria Wyndham\"\nVictoria Wyndham Victoria Camargo, known professionally as Victoria Wyndham (born May 22, 1945), is an American actress best known for her role as Rachel Cory on the soap opera \"\"Another World\"\". Born Victoria Camargo, Wyndham is the daughter of Florence Skeels and Mexican-American stage and screen actor Ralph Camargo. Her sister is stage actress Felice Camargo. Wyndham's sons are actor Christian Camargo (né Christian Minnick) and photographer Darian Minnick. Wyndham first started her acting career as understudy in the role of Hodel in the Broadway production of \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\"\". She went on to perform cabaret with Lily Tomlin",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "17094168",
"chunk_text": "\"Lucas Grabeel\"\nwhere he was a part of the children's and youth groups. In 2004, he starred in his first film role as Ethan Dolloway in the third installment of the Halloweentown series \"\"Halloweentown High\"\". He subsequently reprised this role in the series' fourth installment \"\"Return to Halloweentown\"\". Grabeel has made television guest appearances in TV series such as \"\"Boston Legal\"\", \"\"'Til Death\"\", and \"\"Veronica Mars\"\". On \"\"Smallville\"\", he portrayed a young Lex Luthor. In 2006, he was cast in the role of Ryan Evans, the fraternal twin brother of Sharpay Evans (played by Ashley Tisdale), in the Emmy Award-winning made-for-television Disney",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "11146018",
"chunk_text": "\"Ethan Suplee\"\nEthan Suplee Ethan Suplee (born May 25, 1976) is an American film and television actor best known for his roles as Seth Ryan in \"\"American History X\"\", Louie Lastik in \"\"Remember the Titans\"\", Frankie in \"\"Boy Meets World\"\", Randy Hickey in \"\"My Name Is Earl\"\", Toby in \"\"The Wolf of Wall Street\"\", Elwood in \"\"Without a Paddle\"\", and his roles in Kevin Smith films. Suplee was born in Manhattan, the son of Debbie and Bill Suplee (who later played \"\"Willie the One Eyed Mailman\"\", in \"\"My Name Is Earl\"\"). His parents were actors who met while performing summer stock and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1361272",
"chunk_text": "\"Cody Arens\"\nCody Arens Cody Arens (born November 8, 1993) is an American actor and voice actor. He is the brother of Logan Arens and Skye Arens. He is most notable for the voice of Littlefoot in \"\"The Land Before Time\"\" television series based on the films and \"\"\"\" and as the role of Liam Fitzpatrick, the younger brother of Maddie Fitzpatrick, on \"\"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\"\". He also plays as the young Ethan Kendrick in the film \"\"D-War\"\", which was released in the United States on September 14, 2007, and is the voice of young Jaster in \"\"Rogue",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "18805333",
"chunk_text": "\"Cameron Butterwick\"\nin 2008/2009 Most recently, Butterwick has been presenting a show on Nottingham's student radio station, URN (University Radio Nottingham), co-hosted by long-time friend, Frankie Gill. Cameron Butterwick Cameron Butterwick is a British actor best known for his role as 'Josh' on the Disney Channel UK series \"\"As the Bell Rings\"\". He also played Adil's brother on various episodes of \"\"Genie in the House\"\". In addition to this, he played the central role of 'Paul Gater' in the future-based documentary/drama \"\"2057 (TV series)\"\" also known with the subtitle \"\"The World in 50 Years\"\", which aired on the Discovery Channel in early",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "12133903",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthew Lawrence\"\nMatthew Lawrence Matthew William Lawrence (born February 11, 1980) is an American actor and singer known for his roles as Chris Hillard in \"\"Mrs. Doubtfire\"\", Jack Hunter in \"\"Boy Meets World\"\", Billy in \"\"The Hot Chick\"\", Sam Collins in \"\"Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad\"\", and Matt Roman in \"\"Brotherly Love\"\". Lawrence was born in Abington Township, Pennsylvania, the son of Donna Lynn (née Shaw), a personnel manager, and Joseph Lawrence, Sr., an insurance broker. His family's surname was changed to Lawrence from Mignogna before he was born. He is of half Italian descent. He is the middle-born of three boys; with two",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "12567967",
"chunk_text": "\"Rider Strong\"\nJune 2009 at Bennington College. Strong began dating actress Alexandra Barreto after they met while filming the 2006 television series \"\"Pepper Dennis\"\". They became engaged in December 2012, and married on October 20, 2013 in Oregon. The couple has one son, Indigo \"\"Indy\"\" Barreto Strong, born in December 2014. Rider Strong Rider King Strong (born December 11, 1979), is an American actor, director, voice actor, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his role as Shawn Hunter on the 1990s sitcom \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" and its 2014 sequel \"\"Girl Meets World\"\". He is also known for his role in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"chunk_id": "3314268",
"chunk_text": "\"Stephen Schnetzer\"\nStephen Schnetzer Stephen Paul Schnetzer (born June 11, 1948) is an American actor. Schnetzer was born in Canton, Massachusetts, the son of Thomas A. Schnetzer. He attended Catholic Memorial School. After playing the role of Julie Olson Williams' brother, Steven Olson, on \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\", he joined the cast of the ABC soap opera \"\"One Life to Live\"\" as fitness expert Marcello Salta. He later played attorney Cass Winthrop on \"\"Another World\"\" (1982–86, 1987–99). After the cancellation of \"\"Another World\"\", he made guest appearances as Cass Winthrop on the CBS soap opera \"\"As the World Turns\"\" (1999–2002; 2005; 2006)",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_id": "19660681",
"chunk_text": "\"Corey Haim\"\nCorey Haim Corey Ian Haim (December 23, 1971 – March 10, 2010) was a Canadian actor, known for a 1980s Hollywood career as a teen idol. He starred in a number of films, such as \"\"Lucas\"\", \"\"Silver Bullet\"\", \"\"Murphy's Romance\"\", \"\"License to Drive\"\", \"\"Dream a Little Dream\"\", and \"\"Snowboard Academy\"\". His best-known role was alongside Corey Feldman in \"\"The Lost Boys\"\", which made Haim a household name. Known as The Two Coreys, the duo became 1980s icons and appeared together in seven movies, later starring in the A&E American reality show \"\"The Two Coreys\"\". Haim's early success led to money",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "12823562",
"chunk_text": "\"Justin Berfield\"\nJustin Berfield Justin Tyler Berfield (born February 25, 1986) is an American actor, writer, and producer, best known for his portrayal of Malcolm's second-oldest brother, Reese, in the Fox sitcom \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\". He also starred on The WB sitcom \"\"Unhappily Ever After\"\" as Ross Malloy. As of 2010, Berfield is Chief Creative Officer of Virgin Produced, a film and television development, packaging, and production company announced in 2010 by the Virgin Group. Virgin Produced is based in Los Angeles, California. Berfield was born in Agoura Hills, California, the son of Gail Berfield (née Stark) and Eric \"\"Rick\"\" Berfield.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "12628708",
"chunk_text": "\"Christopher Massey\"\nviewers aged 9–14 than any premiere on the network in the preceding eight years. He stars as Michael Barret in the series which follows the daily life of Zoey Brooks, played by Jamie Lynn Spears, one of the first girls to pass admissions for a formerly all-boy boarding school, called Pacific Coast Academy. \"\"Zoey 101\"\" was nominated for a 2005 Emmy for Outstanding Children's Program. Massey is the older brother of Kyle Massey, who starred in the Disney sitcom series \"\"Cory in the House\"\", \"\"That's So Raven\"\", and is a voice actor in \"\"Fish Hooks\"\". He has guest starred alongside",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "15614132",
"chunk_text": "\"Jason Dolley\"\nchocolate Labrador retriever and his family, as well as staying active in his church youth group. Dolley currently lives with his parents in Simi Valley, California. When not acting, he takes college courses in philosophy at Moorpark College and at California Lutheran University. Jason Dolley Jason Scott Dolley (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor and musician, known for his roles in Disney Channel shows and movies. These include Newton \"\"Newt\"\" Livingston III on \"\"Cory in the House\"\", Virgil Fox in \"\"Minutemen\"\", Connor Kennedy in \"\"Read It and Weep\"\", Pete Ivey in \"\"Hatching Pete\"\", and PJ Duncan on \"\"Good",
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17618275",
"chunk_text": "\"Nathan Fillion\"\nwith the 343 Industries video game \"\"\"\". Fillion first gained recognition for his work on \"\"One Life to Live\"\" in the contract role of Joey Buchanan, for which he was nominated for Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series, and for his supporting role as Johnny Donnelly in the sitcom \"\"Two Guys and a Girl\"\". Fillion was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, the younger of two sons of Robert \"\"Bob\"\" Fillion and June \"\"Cookie\"\" Fillion (), both retired English teachers. Both sides of his father's family were part of the Quebec diaspora in Fall River, Massachusetts,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15614127",
"chunk_text": "\"Jason Dolley\"\nJason Dolley Jason Scott Dolley (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor and musician, known for his roles in Disney Channel shows and movies. These include Newton \"\"Newt\"\" Livingston III on \"\"Cory in the House\"\", Virgil Fox in \"\"Minutemen\"\", Connor Kennedy in \"\"Read It and Weep\"\", Pete Ivey in \"\"Hatching Pete\"\", and PJ Duncan on \"\"Good Luck Charlie\"\". Jason Scott Dolley was born in Los Angeles, California, on July 5, 1991. Dolley gained his first stage experience at 11 when he and one of his brothers performed the Abbott and Costello \"\"Who's on First\"\" routine in a school talent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9264150",
"chunk_text": "\"Mac Cory\"\nMac Cory Mackenzie \"\"Mac\"\" Cory is a fictional character from the daytime soap opera, \"\"Another World\"\". Originally portrayed by Robert Emhardt from 1973 to 1974, Douglass Watson portrayed the role from 1974 until 1989. Mac was one of the \"\"Another World\"\"'s most popular characters, and his pairing with Rachel Davis, portrayed by Victoria Wyndham, was one of the show's most beloved couples. After Watson died unexpectedly in May 1989, his death was written into the show with Mac dying off-screen of a heart attack. Mackenzie Cory was born and raised in Fall River, Massachusetts. After studying at Dartmouth, he served",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8729472",
"chunk_text": "\"Jerry Trainor\"\n\"\"Law & Order True Crime, Angel\"\", and \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\". His first recurring TV role was as Brian \"\"the A.V. guy\"\" on \"\"Crossing Jordan\"\". He has had a number of small roles in films such as the science fiction drama \"\"Donnie Darko\"\" and the cheerleader comedy \"\"Bring It On Again\"\". He appeared on the web series Hungry Girl. He is known for his work on Nickelodeon television shows. He had a recurring role on \"\"Drake & Josh\"\" as \"\"Crazy\"\" Steve, a movie theater worker, from 2004 to 2007. He starred in \"\"iCarly\"\" as Spencer Shay, the older brother and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_910
|
who sings i want to be a rockstar?
|
n/a
|
[
"Nickelback",
"Canadian rock band Nickelback",
"Billy Gibbons of ZZ Top"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7993751",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (Nickelback song)\"\nearlier satirical odes to the rockstar lifestyle, including Dire Straits' \"\"Money for Nothing\"\" (1985), Joe Walsh's \"\"Life's Been Good\"\" (1978), Dr. Hook's \"\"Cover of the Rolling Stone\"\" (1973), The Jam's \"\"To Be Someone\"\" from their album \"\"All Mod Cons\"\" (1978), The Byrds' \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" (1967), AC/DC's \"\"It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)\"\" (1975), Cypress Hill's \"\"(Rock)\"\" and \"\"(Rap) Superstar\"\" (2000) and most recently Weezer's \"\"Beverly Hills\"\" (2005). Rockstar (Nickelback song) \"\"Rockstar\"\" is the fifth U.S. single by the Canadian rock band Nickelback from their fifth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10263500",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\nSo You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" is a song by the American rock band the Byrds, written by Jim McGuinn and Chris Hillman and included on the band's 1967 album, \"\"Younger Than Yesterday\"\". The song was inspired by the manufactured nature of the Monkees and was released as a single on January 9, 1967 (\"\"see\"\" 1967 in music), reaching number 29 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, but failing to chart in the United Kingdom. Written in late 1966, \"\"So You Want to be a Rock 'n'",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4365480",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (Nickelback song)\"\nRockstar (Nickelback song) \"\"Rockstar\"\" is the fifth U.S. single by the Canadian rock band Nickelback from their fifth album, \"\"All the Right Reasons\"\" (2005). It was initially only released in the United States and Canada, and has since been re-released worldwide. The lyrics feature the pretentious, materialistic desires of a wannabe rockstar, who craves money, cars and women. Spoken-word vocals between each verse are provided by Billy Gibbons of ZZ Top. \"\"Rockstar\"\" is Nickelback's most popular single, peaking at number two in the United Kingdom and being certified Platinum. It has also sold 4.5 million copies in the United States.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18001744",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\nhave been known to perform a few lines from \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" as an introduction to their song \"\"Mr. Jones\"\" during live performances. The original Byrds' recording of \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" was featured in the 1983 comedy-drama film \"\"Purple Haze\"\" (\"\"see\"\" 1983 in film). It was also Featured in the 2002 film \"\"The Country Bears\"\". So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" is a song by the American rock band the Byrds, written",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10263516",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\ncovered \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" a number of times at live concerts. Pearl Jam's singer, Eddie Vedder, also covered it during his 2012 American solo tour. The British rock band Charlie released a song titled \"\"Killer Cut\"\" in 1979, that is essentially a sequel to \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" and begins with the lyrics \"\"So you want to be a rock and roll star, well, times have changed/That's all I'll say/You still need an electric guitar but most of all you need that radio, radio play.\"\" Counting Crows",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20362129",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (2011 film)\"\nRockstar (2011 film) Rockstar is a 2011 Indian musical romantic drama film directed by Imtiaz Ali, starring Ranbir Kapoor and Nargis Fakhri, with music composed by A. R. Rahman. The film also stars Moufid Aziz, Aditi Rao Hydari, Piyush Mishra, Shernaz Patel, Kumud Mishra in supporting roles, and also Shammi Kapoor, who makes his last silver screen appearance. The film was produced by Eros International Ltd. along with Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd. It follows Janardhan Jakhar JJ or Jordan, who dreams of becoming a rockstar like his role model, Jim Morrison. Yet, eventually on attaining all that he dreamt",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18001742",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\nRoxette included the song in their 1993 \"\"MTV Unplugged\"\" show. Ronnie Wood also covered \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" on his 2001 solo album, \"\"Not for Beginners\"\". The German Alternative Rock/Punk Band Beatsteaks covered the song on their 2004 \"\"Hand in Hand\"\" single. In 2006, Les Fradkin released a cover version of the song on his album \"\"Goin' Back\"\". Also, the Dutch rock band Golden Earring covered the song as a bonus track on their \"\"This Wheel's on Fire\"\" CD single. Jon Bon Jovi has also covered the song in live concerts. Pearl Jam have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17074842",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar 101\"\nRockstar 101 \"\"Rockstar 101\"\" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her fourth studio album, \"\"Rated R\"\" (2009). The song features the British-American guitarist Slash of the rock group Guns N' Roses. It was released on May 18, 2010, as the fifth single from the album. Rihanna wrote the song in collaboration with the producers The-Dream and Christopher \"\"Tricky\"\" Stewart; vocal production was carried out by Makeba Riddick. The album version is a grunge-crunk and hip hop song, while the remix EP's consist of dance, dubstep and electronic music adaptations, some of which were remixed by Dave Audé and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "948026",
"chunk_text": "\"Party Like a Rockstar\"\nParty Like a Rockstar \"\"Party Like a Rockstar\"\" is a song by American hip hop group Shop Boyz. It was released as the lead single from their debut album \"\"Rockstar Mentality\"\" (2007). It reached high success during summer 2007 and was successful in the United States, peaking in the top five on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, Hot Rap Tracks, and Hot 100 charts. The song was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 50th Grammy Awards. The song is based around two electric guitar riffs (taken from \"\"Crazy Train\"\" by Ozzy Osbourne). It also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10263514",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\nMcGuinn's been playing that song for twenty years, and here I suggest he plays it this way, and he does!\"\" Unrest recorded a version of \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" in 1985 for their self-titled debut album. They later re-recorded the song during the sessions for their fourth album, \"\"Malcolm X Park\"\", released in 1988. Crowded House performed the song (along with \"\"Mr. Tambourine Man\"\" and \"\"Eight Miles High\"\") with McGuinn in Los Angeles on April 7, 1989. The performances were released as B-sides on the \"\"I Feel Possessed\"\" CD single. The Swedish pop group",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18851474",
"chunk_text": "\"Do It Just Like a Rockstar\"\nDo It Just Like a Rockstar \"\"Do It Just Like a Rockstar\"\" is a 2005 song by American hip hop artist Freak Nasty. The song was released on iTunes on January 14, 2005. It reached #45 on the Billboard Hot 100 in May 2007, after selling approximately 30,000 digital downloads on the iTunes Store. It was erroneously listed under the title of \"\"Party Like A Rockstar\"\", which caused confusion from iTunes users looking for the Shop Boyz song of the same name. On the Billboard issue dated May 26, 2007, the Shop Boyz were at number 54 on the Hot",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19378548",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\nRoll Star\"\" has been described by Byrds expert Tim Conners as \"\"an acerbic, but good-natured swipe at the success of manufactured rock bands like the Monkees\"\". \"\"The Monkees\"\" television series had debuted in America in September 1966, and had launched the pre-fabricated band to international fame. The manufactured nature of the group caused the Byrds' bass player, Chris Hillman, and lead guitarist, Jim McGuinn, to look upon the current state of the pop world with more than a little cynicism—something that was reflected in the song's lyrics. Musically, \"\"So You Want to be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" features a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7524710",
"chunk_text": "\"Wanna Be a Star\"\nWanna Be a Star Wanna Be a Star is the ninth album by the Canadian rock band Chilliwack, released in September 1981. At this point, the band had collapsed into a trio, without a full-time drummer, but leader Bill Henderson and guitarist/keyboardist/drummer Brian MacLeod had become a powerful songwriting team during the interim. The single release \"\"My Girl (Gone, Gone, Gone)\"\" became the group's first hit since the 1979 collapse of their former label Mushroom Records, reaching #1 in Canada and giving Chilliwack their U.S. Top 40 breakthrough peaking at #22 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100: \"\"My Girl (Gone, Gone,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17074858",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar 101\"\nClay Cane for BET wrote that Rihanna \"\"deserves a round of applause for doing something different, straying away from being a standard pop tart\"\". \"\"Rockstar 101\"\" is also included on Rihanna's Diamonds World Tour (2013). Recording Personnel Credits adapted from the inlay cover of \"\"Rated R\"\". Rockstar 101 \"\"Rockstar 101\"\" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her fourth studio album, \"\"Rated R\"\" (2009). The song features the British-American guitarist Slash of the rock group Guns N' Roses. It was released on May 18, 2010, as the fifth single from the album. Rihanna wrote the song in collaboration with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5522883",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (Post Malone song)\"\nOn December 25, 2017, Lil Wayne released his remix of the song, titled \"\"5 Star\"\" and featuring Nicki Minaj, as a single from his mixtape \"\"Dedication 6\"\". On December 28, 2017, the original version of the song featuring T-Pain and Joey Bada$$ was leaked. On January 23, 2018, American rapper Fetty Wap released his remix of the song. On March 2, 2018, yet another remix surfaced on YouTube featuring verses by Jerome and Machine Gun Kelly. ! scope=\"\"row\"\"| Portugal (AFP) Rockstar (Post Malone song) \"\"Rockstar\"\" (stylized with a lowercase \"\"R\"\") is a song by American rapper Post Malone. It was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5925733",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (Poison song)\"\nRockstar (Poison song) \"\"Rockstar\"\" is a song by American Rock band Poison it was released as the first single from their then upcoming album \"\"Hollyweird\"\". The song was first released as a digital download single on May 27, 2001 and then as a CD single in May 2002. The lyrics were written by Bret Michaels and C.C. DeVille. \"\"Rockstar\"\" has been performed 20 times by the band in concert. Its first performance was on May 27, 2001. It was a regular in the setlist on the Glam, Slam, Metal, Jam Tour, but only played once on the Hollyweird World Tour.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5925732",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (Poison song)\"\nRockstar (Poison song) \"\"Rockstar\"\" is a song by American Rock band Poison it was released as the first single from their then upcoming album \"\"Hollyweird\"\". The song was first released as a digital download single on May 27, 2001 and then as a CD single in May 2002. The lyrics were written by Bret Michaels and C.C. DeVille. \"\"Rockstar\"\" has been performed 20 times by the band in concert. Its first performance was on May 27, 2001. It was a regular in the setlist on the Glam, Slam, Metal, Jam Tour, but only played once on the Hollyweird World Tour.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19378555",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\n1977 \"\"The Best of Black Oak Arkansas\"\" album, with the song later being included on the \"\"Hot & Nasty: The Best of Black Oak Arkansas\"\" compilation album in 1993. In 1979, \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" was recorded by the Patti Smith Group and released as the third single from their album \"\"Wave\"\". The song was also covered by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers during their \"\"Southern Accents\"\" tour, and it appears on the 1985 live album, \"\"\"\" In 1984, McGuinn joined R.E.M. on stage at the Capitol Theatre in Passaic, New Jersey, for a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14290631",
"chunk_text": "\"Feel Like a Rock Star\"\nFeel Like a Rock Star \"\"Feel Like a Rock Star\"\" is a song written by Chris Tompkins and Rodney Clawson and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney as a duet with Tim McGraw. It was released in April 2012 as the first single from Chesney's 2012 album \"\"Welcome to the Fishbowl\"\". It is also Chesney’s last single to be released from BNA Records. Chesney recorded the song as a duet with McGraw and premiered it at the Academy of Country Music Awards show, broadcast on April 1, 2012. The two toured together in mid-2012. Rodney Clawson and Chris",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19378554",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\nTo Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" were by the Royal Guardsmen, on their 1967 album \"\"The Return of the Red Baron\"\", and the British band the Move, who included the song on their 1968 EP, \"\"Something Else from The Move\"\". Hookfoot, the British group who served as Elton John's backing band for a number of years, also released the song as a single in 1974. The song was covered by Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, as part of the track \"\"Telegram\"\", on their 1976 album \"\"Close Enough for Rock 'n' Roll.\"\" Black Oak Arkansas covered the song on their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6167439",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (Post Malone song)\"\nRockstar (Post Malone song) \"\"Rockstar\"\" (stylized with a lowercase \"\"R\"\") is a song by American rapper Post Malone. It was released on September 15, 2017, by Republic Records as the lead single from his second studio album \"\"Beerbongs & Bentleys\"\" (2018). The track features a guest verse from fellow American rapper 21 Savage. It was written by Post Malone, 21 Savage, Louis Bell, Carl Austin Rosen, Joey Bada$$ and Olufunmibi Awoshiley, and produced by Tank God and Bell (who co-produced \"\"Congratulations\"\"). The track reached number one on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, and reached the top spot in several other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6071290",
"chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Rock\"\nI Wanna Rock \"\"I Wanna Rock\"\" is a song written and composed by Dee Snider and performed by his band Twisted Sister. It was released on the 1984 album \"\"Stay Hungry\"\". Like the earlier \"\"We're Not Gonna Take It\"\", the video features actor Mark Metcalf, best known as the abusive ROTC leader Douglas C. Neidermeyer from the movie \"\"National Lampoon's Animal House\"\". Here, he plays a teacher with a similar personality to Neidermeyer, who harasses a student for drawing the Twisted Sister logo on his notebook. He chastises the student by shouting \"\"What kind of a man desecrates a defenseless",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2643564",
"chunk_text": "\"Feel Like a Rock Star\"\non \"\"Billboard\"\"s survey in the day after the broadcast, most of which came from hourly airplay on stations owned by Clear Channel Communications. Feel Like a Rock Star \"\"Feel Like a Rock Star\"\" is a song written by Chris Tompkins and Rodney Clawson and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney as a duet with Tim McGraw. It was released in April 2012 as the first single from Chesney's 2012 album \"\"Welcome to the Fishbowl\"\". It is also Chesney’s last single to be released from BNA Records. Chesney recorded the song as a duet with McGraw and premiered it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19378549",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\ndriving, circular Rickenbacker guitar riff by McGuinn and, what Conners has called an \"\"unstoppable bass hook\"\" from Hillman. Hillman has stated that he composed the song's bass part during a recording session for South African musician Hugh Masekela. The song also features Masekela's trumpet playing, which represents the first use of brass on a Byrds recording. In addition, \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" features the sound of hysterical teenage pop fans screaming. These screams were recorded at an August 15, 1965 Byrds' concert in Bournemouth, by the band's publicist, Derek Taylor, at McGuinn's request. \"\"Rolling",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19717792",
"chunk_text": "\"Wanna Be a Baller\"\nWanna Be a Baller \"\"Wanna Be a Baller\"\" is a single by American hip-hop artist Lil' Troy featuring Fat Pat, Yungstar, Lil' Will, Big T and H.A.W.K.. It was released in 1999 as the 2nd single from his debut major label studio album \"\"Sittin' Fat Down South\"\". The song peaked at #70 on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart. Lil' Troy wrote but did not perform in the song. The song samples \"\"Little Red Corvette\"\" by Prince. This song has had a tragic legacy as almost everyone featured on this song has died at a relative early age. Fat Pat",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17074845",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar 101\"\nand Chris \"\"TEK\"\" O'Ryan. Additional engineering was done by Pat Thrall. Guitar was provided by Tim Stewart, while Monte Neuble performed additional keys. The song features a guitar performance by Slash, the British-American musician, songwriter and lead guitarist of the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses. \"\"Rockstar 101\"\" was the fourth single from the album \"\"Rated R\"\" to be released in the US and the fifth overall. It was sent to contemporary hit and rhythmic radio stations in the US on May 18, 2010, and to Australian radio stations on July 19, 2010. The song was released as an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18001740",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\nrendition of \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\". R.E.M.'s Peter Buck explained: \"\"When we played 'Rock 'n' Roll Star', where it has that part where it goes 'la la la la la la la', he played C-F-G, and I said, 'That's weird, we do C-\"\"D\"\"-G'. Then he played it that way and said, 'You know, I like that better. I think I'll change it'. And I went, 'You mean you're going to change the chord of the song?' and he went, 'Yeah, I've never played it that way, and I like it a lot better'. Roger",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4595208",
"chunk_text": "\"Do It Just Like a Rockstar\"\n100 due to strong airplay while Freak Nasty was number 56 due to strong sales. The following week, after the Shop Boyz had an official digital release of their single, \"\"Party Like a Rockstar\"\" shot to number two while \"\"Do It Just Like a Rockstar\"\" dropped completely off the chart. Do It Just Like a Rockstar \"\"Do It Just Like a Rockstar\"\" is a 2005 song by American hip hop artist Freak Nasty. The song was released on iTunes on January 14, 2005. It reached #45 on the Billboard Hot 100 in May 2007, after selling approximately 30,000 digital downloads",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18261919",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (Nickelback song)\"\nThe song makes several references to American popular culture: \"\"MTV Cribs\"\" (Chad Kroeger, the band's lead singer, appeared on an episode of the show), the Playboy Mansion and Playmates, and a spot between James Dean and Cher on Hollywood's Walk of Fame (Nickelback is already on Canada's Walk of Fame). The lyrics can be taken as generalization of the stereotypical rockstar lifestyle celebrating material success at the expense of artistic integrity. The material desires of the rockstar are listed, but the practice needed to become proficient at rock music is never mentioned. For example: The song has been compared to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14290632",
"chunk_text": "\"Feel Like a Rock Star\"\nTompkins wrote the song. Clawson told \"\"Taste of Country\"\" that Tompkins had begun the song with a bass guitar line, when the two observed that \"\"everybody wants to feel like a rock star.\"\" Rating it four-and-a-half stars out of five, Billy Dukes of \"\"Taste of Country\"\" favorably compared it to \"\"Young\"\" and \"\"Big Star\"\". The song debuted at number 13 on the Hot Country Songs chart for the week of April 21, 2012. It is Chesney's highest-debuting single, the previous record-holder being \"\"Don't Blink\"\", which debuted at number 16. It is also the second highest-debuting single since January 1990, when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "948033",
"chunk_text": "\"Party Like a Rockstar\"\nmuch love and respect for Shop Boyz, and I would never do anything to block their shine.\"\" Party Like a Rockstar \"\"Party Like a Rockstar\"\" is a song by American hip hop group Shop Boyz. It was released as the lead single from their debut album \"\"Rockstar Mentality\"\" (2007). It reached high success during summer 2007 and was successful in the United States, peaking in the top five on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, Hot Rap Tracks, and Hot 100 charts. The song was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 50th Grammy Awards. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15064465",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (Dappy song)\"\nRockstar (Dappy song) \"\"Rockstar\"\" is the second single from former N-Dubz lead rapper Dappy's debut studio album, \"\"Bad Intentions\"\" staying with the commercial pop template of his previous single, \"\"No Regrets\"\". It was released on 23 February 2012. The song also features Queen guitarist Brian May. A music video to accompany the release of \"\"Rockstar\"\" was first released onto YouTube on 18 January 2012 at a total length of three minutes and forty-eight seconds. It was directed by Colin Tilley. The video has received 14 million views on YouTube. Lewis Corner of \"\"Digital Spy\"\" gave the song a very positive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19378552",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\nbe, or who wanted to be, and those who actually did go on to realize their goals. Upon release, the band performed the song on a number of television programs, including \"\"Popside,\"\" \"\"Top of the Pops\"\", \"\"Drop In\"\", \"\"The David Frost Show\"\", and \"\"Beat-Club\"\". The band also performed \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" as the final song of their appearance at the Monterey Pop Festival, with the help of guest musicians Hugh Masekela and Big Black. The Byrds' performance of the song at Monterey is included on the 1992 \"\"The Monterey International Pop Festival\"\" CD",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4410954",
"chunk_text": "\"Want To\"\nWant To \"\"Want To\"\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Sugarland. It was released in August 2006 as the first single from the album \"\"Enjoy the Ride\"\". It was their first single not to feature former member Kristen Hall, although Jennifer Nettles had previously been featured on Bon Jovi's Number One country hit, \"\"Who Says You Can't Go Home\"\", the song was also the first regular Number One hit of Sugarland's career in the U.S., spending two weeks at the top of the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Songs charts in late 2006. The duo's members, Jennifer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4144984",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom McGuinness (musician)\"\nTom McGuinness (musician) Thomas John Patrick McGuinness (born 2 December 1941) is a guitarist, songwriter, author, record and TV producer. Born in Wimbledon, south London, he is best known as the guitarist from Manfred Mann and The Blues Band. In 1986 he wrote the book \"\"So You Want To Be a Rock and Roll Star\"\". He studied at Wimbledon College. Following a stint in the short-lived Roosters with Eric Clapton, McGuinness joined the 1960s group Manfred Mann as a bassist, performing in a line-up with Paul Jones. As the band sought to transform itself from jazz into a rhythm-and-blues-orientated group,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1719239",
"chunk_text": "\"Famous (Puddle of Mudd song)\"\nFamous (Puddle of Mudd song) \"\"Famous\"\" is the title track and first single on the fourth studio album by post-grunge band Puddle of Mudd. The song was sent out to rock radio on May 11, 2007 and was officially released on May 21. In the song, lead singer Wes Scantlin, sings about wanting to be famous, for the perks that come along with that life. It has drawn comparisons to Nickelback's \"\"Rockstar\"\" because \"\"Rockstar\"\" is also about wanting to achieve celebrity status. The song has also featured in the video games WWE Smackdown vs. Raw 2008 and UFC Undisputed 2009.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3991004",
"chunk_text": "\"The Man I Want to Be (song)\"\nto Be\"\" became Young's second consecutive Number One single. The Man I Want to Be (song) \"\"The Man I Want to Be\"\" is a song written by Brett James and Tim Nichols, and recorded by American country music artist Chris Young. It was released in November 2009 as the third single and title track from his album \"\"The Man I Want to Be\"\" (2009). The song is about the singer wanting to change who he is to make amends to a former lover. The song received positive reviews from critics who praised Young's vocal performance and James Stroud's production for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13250539",
"chunk_text": "\"The Man I Want to Be (song)\"\nThe Man I Want to Be (song) \"\"The Man I Want to Be\"\" is a song written by Brett James and Tim Nichols, and recorded by American country music artist Chris Young. It was released in November 2009 as the third single and title track from his album \"\"The Man I Want to Be\"\" (2009). The song is about the singer wanting to change who he is to make amends to a former lover. The song received positive reviews from critics who praised Young's vocal performance and James Stroud's production for saving the bland lyrics. \"\"The Man I Want to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11204288",
"chunk_text": "\"Shop Boyz\"\nShop Boyz The Shop Boyz are an Atlanta-based rap group best known for their 2007 hit single \"\"Party Like a Rockstar.\"\" The group is composed of Demetrius \"\"Meany\"\" Hardin, Richard \"\"Fat\"\" Stephens and Rasheed \"\"Sheed\"\" Hightower. After signing with Universal Republic Records, Shop Boyz began to record their first and only album, \"\"Rockstar Mentality\"\", which featured rock-influenced hip-hop. The album's lead single, \"\"Party Like a Rockstar,\"\" was released in May 2007 and achieved commercial success, reaching number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the highest-selling ringtone of 2007. \"\"Rockstar Mentality\"\" was released on June 19, 2007, debuting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18001734",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\nStone\"\" editor David Fricke has written that although the song's lyrics are heavily sarcastic, beneath the playful cynicism there is a deeper, implicit irony to the song; The Byrds had, themselves, achieved almost overnight success with the release of their debut single, a cover of Bob Dylan's \"\"Mr. Tambourine Man\"\". However, the band members all knew, from their common bitter personal experiences, that the most difficult part of success was in remaining successful, staying ahead of the curve artistically, and staying sane under the immense pressure of stardom. During an interview with music journalist Pete Frame, McGuinn said: Some people",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4400634",
"chunk_text": "\"Mr. Jones (Counting Crows song)\"\n, the first couplet of the song is a quotation of the 1967 song \"\"So You Want to Be a Rock 'n' Roll Star\"\" by The Byrds. The band Hidden in Plain View did a cover of \"\"Mr. Jones\"\" which was released in 2004 on the album \"\"Dead and Dreaming: An Indie Tribute to the Counting Crows\"\". Mr. Jones (Counting Crows song) \"\"Mr. Jones\"\" is a song by American alternative rock band Counting Crows. It was released in December 1993 as the lead single and third track from their debut album, \"\"August and Everything After\"\" (1993). It was the band's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9328315",
"chunk_text": "\"Rockstar (Post Malone song)\"\ncountries, including Australia, Canada, Portugal, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark and the United Kingdom. It became both Post Malone and 21 Savage's first number-one single in all the countries mentioned. Post Malone posted a snippet of himself recording the track in the studio via Twitter on December 29, 2016. The song originally featured American artists T-Pain and Joey Badass, the latter who co-wrote the track but is uncredited. The unofficial YouTube video for the track's audio, released by Republic Records, is a three-minute-and-38-second loop of solely the song's chorus. Therefore, the song was able to receive equivalent downloads",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17980212",
"chunk_text": "\"Boys Don't Cry (band)\"\nBoys Don't Cry (band) Boys Don't Cry are a British pop/rock band known for the hit single \"\"I Wanna Be a Cowboy\"\", which peaked at No. 12 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in 1986 and charted around the world. They are considered a one-hit wonder, though they released an EP, two albums and several singles. The band was formed in 1983 as the brainchild of lead vocalist/keyboardist Nick Richards, who had just purchased Maison Rouge Recording Studios in London. An early version of the group (featuring Richards, guitarist Richard Taee and drummer Steve Creese, augmented by session musicians) released their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11223086",
"chunk_text": "\"Party Like a Rockstar\"\nmakes references to certain rock figures such as Marilyn Manson, The Osbournes, Kiss, Queen, Bruce Springsteen, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and Travis Barker. For a time, \"\"Party Like a Rockstar\"\" was the most played rhythmic, and rap song in the United States, according to \"\"Radio & Records\"\" It was featured in the video game \"\"NBA Live 08\"\". The official remix features Lil Wayne, Jim Jones and Chamillionaire with more guitar riffs included. Jones' verse didn't make it to iTunes' remix, although Lil Wayne's verse and Chamillionaire's verse did. Another unofficial remix has been produced by Lil Jon and the Swedish",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "948029",
"chunk_text": "\"Party Like a Rockstar\"\ndoughnuts in a black 1968 Pontiac GTO. It then progresses to show the group performing at a crowded concert, with inter-mixed clips of an actual rock band playing and clips of the group performing in a hotel room reminiscent of Avenged Sevenfold's hit song \"\"Bat Country\"\", both of which were directed by Marc Klasfeld. Cristal Athena Steverson from VH1's \"\"Flavor of Love\"\" and \"\"\"\" appears in the song's music video. \"\"Party Like a Rockstar\"\" was a mid-charting hit in the United States as an airplay-only single. Confusion ensued, however, when a similarly titled song by hip hop artist Freak Nasty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1975431",
"chunk_text": "\"Little Jackie\"\nto their fans. They digitally released their third album, \"\"Queen of Prospect Park,\"\" in 2014. Little Jackie Little Jackie is an American duo consisting of Imani Coppola and Adam Pallin. Little Jackie, which derives its name from the 1989 hit song \"\"Little Jackie Wants to Be a Star\"\" by Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam, released a hit single in 2008 called \"\"The World Should Revolve Around Me\"\" from their debut album \"\"The Stoop\"\". Coppola was a solo singer, whose most successful single was \"\"Legend of a Cowgirl\"\", from the 1997 album \"\"Chupacabra\"\". Adam Pallin is the programmer/producer of the duo.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14002096",
"chunk_text": "\"Calloway (band)\"\nCalloway (band) Calloway is an R&B duo of Cincinnati, Ohio brothers Reginald (born on January 23, 1955) and Vincent (born on January 5, 1957) Calloway. They had a major hit in 1990 with \"\"I Wanna Be Rich\"\". The brothers grew up around music with a father who played the trumpet, an uncle who played keyboards, and an aunt who sang opera. As teenagers, they began writing songs and forming bands, and when attending Kentucky State University, they formed Midnight Star, a synth-funk outfit that hit big in the early 1980s. The Calloways were instrumental in orchestrating the band's 1983 multi-platinum",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10966972",
"chunk_text": "\"Jordan McCoy\"\non Diddy's album \"\"We Invented the Remix Vol. 2\"\". Her song \"\"Rockstar\"\" was featured on an episode of \"\"The Hills\"\", a commercial for \"\"American Idol\"\", and an episode of \"\"Make It or Break It\"\". Her other song \"\"Rock 'N Roll Girl\"\" was featured in the film PollyWorld. McCoy had been posting videos of herself singing, while playing guitar, on her YouTube account JordanMcCoyTV every Tuesday. Some of these videos include her friends and former bandmates Imaj Thomas and Hunter Pecunia. Both Hunter and Imaj were once members of the Dream revival group, but have since left the band. McCoy's music",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2439675",
"chunk_text": "\"Skyler Stonestreet\"\nSkyler Stonestreet Skyler Stonestreet is an American musician and singer-songwriter based in Los Angeles, California. She is a writer and vocalist on hit tracks such as The Chainsmokers' \"\"Kanye\"\", Dua Lipa (“IDGAF”) and has also written songs for artists such as Marshmello (\"\"Chasing Colors\"\"), Sabrina Carpenter (We'll Be The Stars\"\"), and many more. As a writer and a featured vocalist Skyler can be heard on tracks from acts such as Seven Lions (\"\"Freesol\"\") and Cheat Codes and Nicky Romero (\"\"Sober\"\"). Skyler Stonestreet was in a competition for \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", to become the first ever unsigned artist to be on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19898972",
"chunk_text": "\"Jerry Goldstein (producer)\"\nremain oft-licensed songs (as in the video game \"\"Grand Theft Auto V,\"\" the film \"\"The Internship\"\" and Pepsi commercials). A sample from WAR member Lee Oskar’s \"\"San Francisco Bay\"\" is featured in the single by Pitbull featuring Kesha, \"\"Timber,\"\" which has achieved #1 status in 30 countries. The Strangeloves' \"\"I Want Candy\"\" was first covered by the band Bow Wow Wow in 1982 to great success, particularly in the UK, and again in 2000 by teen sensation Aaron Carter. The Bow Wow Wow version has appeared in many popular films and commonly figures among listings of the iconic songs of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_911
|
who did virginia cavaliers lose to in basketball this year?
|
n/a
|
[
"Virginia Tech",
"West Virginia",
"UMBC"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13512043",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nthrough the end of the regular season and became the first ACC team to win 17 conference games. The Cavaliers won the ACC Tournament by handily defeating Louisville 75–58, Clemson 64–58, and North Carolina 71–63 in the championship game. In the process the team broke the school's single-season win record, which had twice been tied by Bennett-led teams in the past five years. ACC Sixth Man of the Year De'Andre Hunter broke his wrist in the ACC Tournament victory, and was announced to be out for the NCAA Tournament two days before it began. The injury led the \"\"New York",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14691567",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\"\nwhere Virginia beat UNC 71-63. As the two Power Conference teams in the Commonwealth, the Cavaliers and Hokies have a long-standing rivalry. While the intensity has picked up since Virginia Tech joined the ACC in 2004, the series has long been dominated by UVA, with the Cavaliers leading the series 91-55 (.623 winning percentage). The most recent matchup occurred at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, with UVA falling in overtime 61-60 on February 10, 2018. The Cavaliers have appeared in the NCAA Tournament twenty two times. Their combined record is 29–21. The Cavaliers have appeared in the National Invitation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13512044",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nDaily News\"\" to change their pick from Virginia winning the national championship to not advancing out of the Sweet Sixteen. UVA entered as the No. 1 overall seed, placed in the South regional, but suffered a historic upset in the first round to UMBC and became the first No. 1 seed to lose to a No. 16 seed since the field expanded to 64 teams in 1985. The first round losses by No. 1 seed Virginia and No. 4 seed Arizona, and second round losses by No. 2 seed Cincinnati and No. 3 seed Tennessee, led to the South Region",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14691565",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\"\nRoad outsiders, Maryland and Virginia have a long-standing rivalry that spans many decades. Traditionally, these two schools would meet in the last game of the season, and they both acted as spoilers to the other as they sought conference championships and NCAA tournament appearances. This rivalry has been dormant in recent years however, thanks to Maryland's move to the Big Ten Conference, though they did match up in the 2018 ACC-Big Ten Challenge. The most recent matchup was 76-71 win for the Cavaliers on November 28, 2018 in College Park, Maryland. As two of the ACC's oldest and most successful",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13512045",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nbecoming the first ever to not advance any of its top four seeds to the Sweet Sixteen. Nevertheless, for taking an unranked team to finish four games above pre-season AP No. 1 ranked Duke and winning the ACC Tournament over North Carolina, Bennett was awarded his third Henry Iba Award for the nation's top coach of the season. The Cavaliers finished the 2016–17 season 23–11, and 11–7 in ACC play to tie Duke for fifth place. They defeated Pittsburgh in the second round of the ACC Tournament to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Notre Dame. The Wahoos",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2905463",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game\"\ngo out there and play loose.\"\" In a rebuilding year under head coach Tony Bennett, Virginia had entered the season unranked but proceeded to win the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) regular season championship outright by four games over pre-season AP No. 1 Duke, finishing 17–1 in conference play including Bennett's first win at Cameron Indoor Stadium. They then capped an improbable ascendancy by defeating North Carolina in the ACC Tournament championship, finishing the regular season 31–2. Two days before NCAA tournament play, the Cavaliers lost the ACC Sixth Man of the Year, forward De'Andre Hunter, to a season-ending left wrist",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "45309",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\"\na 2017 Cavalier win delaying or preventing an ACC regular season title, while an injury to star player Justin Anderson during the 2015 matchup derailed UVA's national championship aspirations. The March 2018 matchup between the two teams ended with Virginia scoring 5 points in the final 0.9 seconds and dealing what proved to be a mortal blow to Louisville's NCAA tournament hopes. Virginia leads the all-time series 11-4. The most recent matchup was a 75–58 Virginia win in the ACC Tournament on March 8, 2018. Thanks to the proximity of these two long-time ACC members, and their status as Tobacco",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14235898",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nNorth Carolina, the team also suffered upsets to Virginia Tech, Georgia Tech, and Florida State. Despite this, the Cavaliers finished the season 29–8 overall and 13–5 in conference play, finishing in second place in the ACC. They fell in the ACC Tournament championship to North Carolina. However, they received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament, and received their second No. 1 seed in three years. In the Tournament, they defeated Hampton, Butler, and Iowa State to advance to their first Elite Eight in twenty-one years. There, they lost to Syracuse, despite leading by 14 at halftime. !colspan=12 style=| Spain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9644225",
"chunk_text": "\"2014–15 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nseason in school history, set a school record for the most single-season conference wins, and earned their highest final national ranking since 1982. The Cavaliers received a #1 seed in the NCAA Tournament, where they defeated Coastal Carolina and Memphis before losing to Michigan State in the Sweet Sixteen. On November 7, 2014, head coach Tony Bennett announced, via a Virginia athletic department press release, that London Perrantes and Evan Nolte would be suspended for two scrimmages and the first game of the season due to a violation of team rules. Following the first game of the season against James",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1895427",
"chunk_text": "\"Tony Bennett (basketball, born 1969)\"\ngame by reviewing tape of UVA suffocating No. 18 Clemson 61–36; Joel Berry II explained, \"\"We want to be like [Virginia] defensively.\"\" UVA attained its first AP No. 1 ranking since 1982. With a 66–37 victory at Pitt, Virginia won its third outright regular season title in five years. The Cavaliers won the 2018 ACC Tournament by defeating North Carolina 71–63. UVA earned the first overall seed in the NCAA Tournament, only to lose ACC Sixth Man of the Year De'Andre Hunter to a broken wrist. The injury led the \"\"New York Daily News\"\" to change their pick from Virginia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2905470",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game\"\nVirginia and No. 4 seed Arizona, and second round losses by No. 2 seed Cincinnati and No. 3 seed Tennessee, led to the South Region becoming the first ever to not advance any of its top four seeds to the Sweet Sixteen. Another Cinderella, No. 11 seed Loyola-Chicago, won the region by beating Kansas State 78–62, becoming the fourth 11-seed ever to advance to the Final Four. 2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game On March 16, 2018, during the first round of the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the University of Virginia (Virginia; also UVA) Cavaliers played",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13528520",
"chunk_text": "\"John Paul Jones Arena\"\nunder Tony Bennett and Joanne Boyle defeated strong competition by the exact score of 76–27, a margin of 49 points and nearly a tripling of the opponent's scoring. On December 20, 2014, No. 6 ranked UVA defeated an NCAA Tournament bound Harvard team 76–27. Harvard, coached by Tommy Amaker, had been ranked in the AP Top 25 just one month prior. Barely two years later on January 26, 2017, the unranked UVA women's team would upset No. 19 Virginia Tech, coached by Kenny Brooks, by an identical score of 76–27. In both cases, the Cavaliers' defensive style forced their highly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14235897",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nquarterfinals where they lost to Notre Dame. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as the No. 5 seed in the East region. There they defeated UNC Wilmington in the First Round before losing in the Second Round to Florida. Coming off of two highly successful regular seasons in 2014 and 2015, but with early exits from the NCAA Tournament each time, and with the final season for seniors Malcolm Brogdon and Anthony Gill, expectations were high for the program in 2015–16. However, the regular season was mixed: despite wins against programs like West Virginia, Villanova, California, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "83046",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season\"\n2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season The 2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the 48th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Cavaliers entered the season as runners-up in the 2017 NBA Finals, where they lost to the Golden State Warriors in five games. This was the Cavaliers' first season without Kyrie Irving since the 2010–2011 season, as he was traded to the Boston Celtics during the offseason per his request. The Cavaliers clinched their playoff berth for the fourth consecutive season since LeBron James' return to Cleveland for the 2014–15 season. In the playoffs, the Cavaliers defeated the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13512042",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\n2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 201718 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett in his ninth year, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. In a rebuilding year with low expectations, the Cavaliers began unranked but ascended all the way to the No. 1 ranking in the AP Poll for the first time since December 1982. The team then held on to that ranking",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13512046",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nreceived an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as the No. 5 seed in the East region. There they defeated No. 12 UNC Wilmington in the First Round before losing in the Second Round to No. 4 Florida. !colspan=12 style=| Non-Conference Regular Season !colspan=12 style=\"\"\"\"| ACC Regular Season !colspan=12 style=| ACC Tournament !colspan=12 style=| NCAA Tournament <nowiki>*</nowiki>AP does not release post-NCAA tournament rankings.<br>Coaches did not release a Week 2 poll at the same time the AP did. 2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 201718 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2017–18 NCAA Division",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "45305",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\"\nVirginia Cavaliers men's basketball The Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball program represents the University of Virginia in the Atlantic Coast Conference in Division I of the NCAA. The team is coached by Tony Bennett. Since 2006 the team has played at John Paul Jones Arena, an on-campus arena on the North Grounds of the university, in front of 14,593 spectators whom ESPN College Gameday has called some of the most responsive and engaged fans in college basketball. Virginia has been ranked AP No. 1 on 17 occasions, first in January 1981 and most recently in March 2018. The Cavaliers have a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2886121",
"chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\n2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team is led by head coach Tony Bennett in his tenth year, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers finished the 2017–18 season 31–3, and 17–1 in ACC play to win both ACC Regular Season and tournament titles. The Cavaliers received an automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament as the No. 1 seed in the South region,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17963907",
"chunk_text": "\"2015–16 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nwhere they lost to North Carolina. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as a #1 seed where they defeated Hampton, Butler, and Iowa State to advance to the Elite Eight where they lost to fellow ACC member Syracuse. The Cavaliers finished the 2014–15 season with a record of 30–4 overall and 16–2 in conference play, finishing in first place in the ACC for the second straight season. Despite their best regular season record in school history of 28–2, and reaching their highest national ranking since 1983, they fell in the semifinals of the ACC Tournament to North",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17963906",
"chunk_text": "\"2015–16 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\n2015–16 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 2015–16 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, in their 111th season of play. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett, in his seventh year, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 29–8, 13–5 in ACC play to finish in a tie for second place. They defeated Georgia Tech and Miami (FL) to advance to the championship game of the ACC Tournament",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "83049",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season\"\nhave a pick in the 2017 NBA Draft. The Cavaliers entered the offseason having lost in five games to the Golden State Warriors in the 2017 NBA Finals. On June 19, 2017 – a week after the last game of the 2016–17 season – Cavaliers general manager David Griffin agreed to leave the team. During July, Cleveland competed in the MGM Resorts Summer League in Las Vegas. During the middle of July, star point guard Kyrie Irving – citing serious concerns about the team's future and strains in his relationship with teammate LeBron James – informed the team of his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2905458",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game\"\n2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game On March 16, 2018, during the first round of the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, the University of Virginia (Virginia; also UVA) Cavaliers played a college basketball game against the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) Retrievers at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Cavaliers, who were seeded first in the South regional bracket and first overall in the NCAA Tournament, faced the Retrievers, who were seeded 16th in the South regional bracket and ranked 63rd overall (out of a field of 68). Virginia and UMBC competed for the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1895420",
"chunk_text": "\"Tony Bennett (basketball, born 1969)\"\nfrom the previous season as the Cavaliers won their sixth ACC regular season title, clinching it with a statement 75–56 home win against highly touted ACC newcomer No. 4 Syracuse, a team which had started the season 25–0. It was also their first outright regular season title since 1981. Virginia also won its second-ever ACC Tournament title (their first since 1976), defeating second-seeded No. 7 Duke in the final game, 72–63. The Cavaliers received their third (but first since 1983) No. 1 seed in the NCAA Tournament and advanced to the Sweet Sixteen for the first time since 1995. Bennett",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8329789",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season\"\nand cash considerations to the Atlanta Hawks for the draft rights to Dimitrios Agravanis and Sergiy Gladyr. The team played their first regular season game of the year on October 17, 2017 against the Boston Celtics, when Celtics small forward Gordon Hayward gruesomely injured his leg in the first quarter. The Cavaliers would go on to defeat the Celtics, 102–99. On January 2, 2018, Thomas made his Cavaliers debut, scoring 17 points in 19 minutes played in a 127–110 win against the Portland Trail Blazers. Despite this auspicious start, Thomas and the team soon began to struggle, leading to locker",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13528516",
"chunk_text": "\"John Paul Jones Arena\"\ngame, the fans in attendance said goodbye to two fourth-year players, J. R. Reynolds and Jason Cain, both of whom had contributed to the Virginia basketball program. On February 28, 2013, Virginia upset No. 3 Duke which led to thousands of fans rushing the court. The 2012–2013 Cavaliers set a school record with 18 regular season home wins, finishing with a home record of 18–1. On March 1, 2014, Virginia (then ranked No. 12) beat No. 4 Syracuse at JPJ to win the ACC regular season title outright (i.e., with no ties) for the first time since the 1980–81 season.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10272971",
"chunk_text": "\"1982 Virginia vs. Chaminade men's basketball game\"\nupset in collegiate sports history\"\". Chaminade gained increased prominence after the game, which caused the school to cancel a plan to change its name to the University of Honolulu. The Silverswords finished the 1982–83 season with a record of 33–2. The loss knocked Virginia out of the number one spot in the Associated Press Poll, and it did not regain that position again until February 12, 2018. The Cavaliers ended the season at 29–5, winning 11 of 12 games after playing Chaminade. However, the team fell short of the Final Four in the 1983 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19800988",
"chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team\"\nwas their first trip since 2009, where they defeated California first round before losing to South Carolina in the second round. On March 20, Boyle announced her retirement, initially citing an unspecified family matter. She would later reveal that she retired because of snags in her ongoing attempt to finalize the adoption of her Senegalese daughter. Boyle finished at Virginia with a record of 129–98. On April 16, 2018 Tina Thompson was named as her replacement. Source: !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#00214E; color:#F56D22;\"\"|Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#00214E; color:#F56D22;\"\"|ACC regular season !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#00214E; color:#F56D22;\"\"| ACC Women's Tournament 2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2886122",
"chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nwhere they were upset by No. 16 UMBC in the First Round. This was the first time in NCAA tournament history that a No. 1 upset by No. 16. !colspan=12 style=| Non-conference regular season !colspan=12 style=\"\"\"\"| ACC Regular Season !colspan=12 style=| ACC Tournament <nowiki>*</nowiki>AP does not release post-NCAA Tournament rankings<br>^Coaches did not release a Week 2 poll. 2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team is led by head coach Tony Bennett in his tenth year, and played their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8329783",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season\"\nIndiana Pacers in seven games in the First Round, then swept the top-seeded Toronto Raptors in four games in the Semifinals, before finally defeating the Boston Celtics in seven games in the Conference Finals. Cleveland reached the NBA Finals for the fourth straight season, but were swept by the defending NBA champion Golden State Warriors in four games, the first Finals sweep that occurred since 2007, which coincidentally, the LeBron-led Cavs were also swept, by the San Antonio Spurs. It was the fourth year in a row the two teams had faced off in the Finals, and the eighth consecutive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2905468",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game\"\ndefense at 53.4 points per game, were outscored by the Retrievers 53–33 in the final twenty minutes. The twenty point loss was the largest deficit the Cavaliers suffered their entire season. It was also the only time they allowed at least 70 points that season. UMBC's Jairus Lyles, who scored 28 points while battling through cramps late in the second half, was named the game's Most Valuable Player. Source: Immediately after the game in an interview, Virginia coach Tony Bennett remarked, Bennett's reaction after the game was featured in \"\"Inc.\"\" magazine as a lesson in emotional intelligence and leadership. After",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15467275",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\"\nsignificantly impacted the program. Individuals recognized in this way will have their jerseys retired, but their number will remain active.\"\" Following conference realignment, the Cardinals moved from the Big East to the ACC and were designated UVA's rival, replacing Maryland. While the two schools had little previous history, having met only 8 times prior to becoming conference rivals, the series has been characterized by tight games and blowouts since 2014. The rivalry has taken on a similar feel to the old Maryland series, as both teams have acted as spoilers to the other with a Cardinal win in 2015 and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9644224",
"chunk_text": "\"2014–15 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nAnderson's nearly five-week-long absence due to a broken finger and appendectomy, hurt the team, with the Cavaliers falling in a close loss to North Carolina in the ACC Tournament semifinals. In the NCAA Tournament they defeated Belmont in the second round before losing in the third round to Michigan State. The Cavaliers finished the season 30–4 overall and 16–2 in conference play, finishing in first place in the ACC outright for the first time since the 1980–81 season. They proceeded to win the ACC Tournament for their second-ever conference championship. The team also tied for the most wins in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15467273",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\"\ntotal of eight ACC regular season championship seasons, third best (behind Duke and North Carolina) all-time. UVA won those titles outright (no ties) in 1981, 2014, 2015 and 2018; won the 1976, 2014, and 2018 ACC Tournaments, and are six-time Runners-Up of the ACC Tournament. The Wahoos, as they are unofficially known, have appeared in the NCAA Tournament twenty-two times, advancing to the Elite Eight six times (1981, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1995, 2016). They further advanced to the 1981 and 1984 Final Fours; in the former winning the last NCAA third place game ever played, defeating No. 1 LSU 78–74.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14003127",
"chunk_text": "\"Dave Leitao\"\nas the way he approaches officials during games. His first season at UVA, with only seven scholarship players, Virginia was picked last in the ACC by reporters, but surprised the ACC finishing at 7–9 tied for 7th place. Getting contributions from little known front court players including Jason Cain and Tunji Soroye, Virginia was able to upset #23 North Carolina on Jan. 19th. Most of the season's success was due to All-ACC first team Sean Singletary, who carried the team with JR Reynolds. This year also marked the last year at University Hall for the Cavaliers. Labeled as the \"\"Last",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15467278",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\"\nmembers, the UVA-UNC rivalry spans all sports and has persisted since the late 1800s. The 1980s were a particular highlight for this series as All-time greats like Ralph Sampson and Michael Jordan leading both programs to national prominence. While the Tar Heels have a significant lead in the All-Time series, the resurgence of both programs under Roy Williams and Tony Bennett has rekindled this once-fierce rivalry, as both schools have regularly found themselves at or near the top of national and conference polls during the 2010s. The most recent matchup came in the ACC Tournament championship on March 10, 2018,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8267892",
"chunk_text": "\"2013–14 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\nas only their second ever ACC Tournament title. They also won 30 games for only the second time in school history (the first being in 1981–82) and finished third in the final AP Poll—their highest final national ranking in 30 years. On March 16, 2014, the Cavaliers received a #1 seed in the NCAA Tournament. In the NCAA Tournament, they defeated Coastal Carolina and Memphis to advance to the Sweet Sixteen, where they lost to Michigan State. !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#0d3268; color:#ff7c00;\"\"| Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#0d3268; color:#ff7c00;\"\"| Conference regular season !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#0d3268; color:#ff7c00;\"\"| ACC Tournament !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#0d3268; color:#ff7c00;\"\"| NCAA Tournament 2013–14",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19800987",
"chunk_text": "\"2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team\"\n2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team The 2018–19 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by first year head coach Tina Thompson, played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena and were members the Atlantic Coast Conference. The 2017–18 Cavaliers finished the season 19–14, 10–6 in ACC play to finish in a 3-way tie for sixth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the ACC Women's Tournament where they lost to Notre Dame. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Women's Tournament which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10150745",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team\"\nfirst trip since 2009, where they defeated California first round before losing to South Carolina in the second round. On March 20, Boyle announced her retirement, initially citing an unspecified family matter. She would later reveal that she retired because of snags in her ongoing attempt to finalize the adoption of her Senegalese daughter. Boyle finished at Virginia with a record of 129–98. !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#00214E; color:#F56D22;\"\"|Non-conference regular season !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#00214E; color:#F56D22;\"\"|ACC regular season !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#00214E; color:#F56D22;\"\"| ACC Women's Tournament !colspan=9 style=\"\"background:#00214E; color:#F56D22;\"\"| NCAA Women's Tournament 2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team The 2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team represented the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15492253",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season\"\nJames' record in NBA Finals series fell to 3–6. The Cavaliers became the ninth team to be swept in the NBA Finals. Incidentally, the last team to suffer that fate was also the Cavaliers, when they lost to the San Antonio Spurs in four games in the 2007 NBA Finals. 2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season The 2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the 48th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Cavaliers entered the season as runners-up in the 2017 NBA Finals, where they lost to the Golden State Warriors in five games. This was the Cavaliers' first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19736447",
"chunk_text": "\"Charlottesville, Virginia\"\nteams, in addition to serving as a site for concerts and other events. The arena seats 14,593 for basketball. In its first season in the new arena concluded in March 2007, the Virginia men's basketball team tied with UNC for 1st in the ACC. Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball won the ACC outright in the 2013–14 season, as well as the 2014 ACC Tournament. The team finished the season ranked #3 in the AP poll before losing to Tom Izzo's Spartans by two points in the Sweet Sixteen held in Brooklyn, New York. Lacrosse has become a significant part of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15467280",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball\"\nTournament (NIT) 13 times. Their combined record is 17–11. They were NIT champions in 1980 and 1992. The Cavaliers have appeared in the College Basketball Invitational (CBI) once, in 2008. Their record is 2–1. Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball The Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball program represents the University of Virginia in the Atlantic Coast Conference in Division I of the NCAA. The team is coached by Tony Bennett. Since 2006 the team has played at John Paul Jones Arena, an on-campus arena on the North Grounds of the university, in front of 14,593 spectators whom ESPN College Gameday has called some",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14235896",
"chunk_text": "\"2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\n2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 2016–17 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, in their 112th season of play. The team was led by head coach Tony Bennett, in his eighth year, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 23–11, 11–7 in ACC play to finish in ACC play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They defeated Pittsburgh in the second round of the ACC Tournament to advance to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5491062",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\"\n2018 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic Coast Conference held at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York from March 6–10, 2018. It was the 65th annual edition of the tournament, and the second year in a row being held at Barclays Center. The Virginia Cavaliers entered the tournament as the top seed, with a 17–1 conference record (28–2 overall) under the guidance of Tony Bennett. UVA also began the tournament unanimously ranked No. 1 in the country in both major polls. The Cavaliers defeated Louisville 75–58 and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13889229",
"chunk_text": "\"2011–12 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\n2011–12 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 2011–12 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by third year head coach Tony Bennett, played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena and are members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 22–10, 9–7 in ACC play to finish in a three way tie for fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the ACC Basketball Tournament to North Carolina State. They received an at-large bid to the 2012 NCAA Tournament where they lost",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2905464",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 UMBC vs. Virginia men's basketball game\"\nfracture. The injury led the \"\"New York Daily News\"\" to change their pick from Virginia winning the national championship to not advancing out of the Sweet Sixteen. Virginia entered the tournament seeded first overall. The game was played at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. The attendance for the game was 17,943. Spectrum Center had previously hosted the tournament in 2008, 2011, and 2015, respectively. The game was televised nationally on TNT and announced by Jim Nantz, Bill Raftery, and Grant Hill, with Tracy Wolfson as their sideline reporter. The game was played after the conclusion of the Kansas",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19206383",
"chunk_text": "\"Virginia Cavaliers\"\nand their first ACC tournament championship since 1976. The 2014-2015 season saw the Cavaliers win their second straight ACC regular season title and post their second straight 30 plus win season, winning 32 games. Tony Bennett was named the ACC's men's basketball coach of the year for the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 season's. The past several years, overall, have seen the Bennett-led Cavaliers return as a power house in the ACC. The team finished finished the 2017-18 regular season with a record of 31-2, making them the #1 ranked college in the nation for the first time since 1982. However, this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19472156",
"chunk_text": "\"2012–13 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\n2012–13 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 2012–13 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by fourth year head coach Tony Bennett, played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena and were members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 23–12, 11–7 in ACC play to finish in a tie for fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the ACC Tournament where they lost to NC State. They received an invitation to the 2013 NIT where they defeated Norfolk State and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13528510",
"chunk_text": "\"John Paul Jones Arena\"\n10 ranked Arizona 93–90, handing Hall of Fame coach Lute Olson his first season-opening loss in six years. Virginia men's basketball is 172–41 () at John Paul Jones Arena as of December 10, 2018. The Cavaliers have fared even better, 133–25 (), at JPJ during the Tony Bennett era. Virginia fans in the arena are known for cheering loudly for defensive stands and for providing what Hall of Fame coach Rick Pitino, who retired without a win at JPJ, called \"\"one of the best home court advantages I've ever seen\"\" where Wahoo fans seem like they are \"\"on top of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10150744",
"chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team\"\n2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team The 2017–18 Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Cavaliers, led by seventh year head coach Joanne Boyle, played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena and were members the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 19–14, 10–6 in ACC play to finish in a 3-way tie for sixth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the ACC Women's Tournament where they lost to Notre Dame. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Women's Tournament which was their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12187139",
"chunk_text": "\"2008–09 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team\"\n2008–09 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team The 2008–09 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented the University of Virginia during the 2008–09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Dave Leitao, and played their home games at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, Virginia as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Cavaliers were picked to finish last in the conference this season in the pre-season media poll. While they only finished 11th, ahead of Georgia Tech, their record of 10–18 and 4–12 in conference was the worst the team had received in over",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_912
|
who was the king of england in 1756?
|
n/a
|
[
"George II"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11684468",
"chunk_text": "\"George III of the United Kingdom\"\nGeorge III of the United Kingdom George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820. He was concurrently Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg (\"\"Hanover\"\") in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was the third British monarch of the House of Hanover, but unlike his two predecessors,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "447844",
"chunk_text": "\"George I of Great Britain\"\nGeorge I of Great Britain George I (George Louis; ; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698 until his death in 1727. George was born in Hanover and inherited the titles and lands of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg from his father and uncles. A succession of European wars expanded his German domains during his lifetime, and in 1708 he was ratified as prince-elector of Hanover. At the age of 54, after the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14307396",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United Kingdom\"\n1730–42. He built up the First British Empire, strengthening the colonies in the Caribbean and North America. In coalition with the rising power Prussia, the United Kingdom defeated France in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), and won full control of Canada. George III (1760–1820) never visited Hanover, and spoke English as his first language. Reviled by Americans as a tyrant and the instigator of the American War of Independence, he was insane off and on after 1788, and his eldest son served as regent. He was the last king to dominate government and politics, and his long reign is noted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15446588",
"chunk_text": "\"1727 British general election\"\n1727 British general election The 1727 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 7th Parliament of Great Britain to be summoned, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. The election was triggered by the death of King George I; at the time, it was the convention to hold new elections following the succession of a new monarch. The Tories, led in the House of Commons by William Wyndham, and under the direction of Bolingbroke, who had returned to the country in 1723 after being pardoned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3684611",
"chunk_text": "\"George II of Great Britain\"\nGeorge II of Great Britain George II (George Augustus; ; 30 October / 9 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until his death in 1760. George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain: he was born and brought up in northern Germany. His grandmother, Sophia of Hanover, became second in line to the British throne after about 50 Catholics higher in line were excluded by the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Acts of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10697343",
"chunk_text": "\"George IV of the United Kingdom\"\nescutcheon surmounted by a crown. George IV of the United Kingdom George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover following the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten years later. From 1811 until his accession, he served as Prince Regent during his father's final mental illness. George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era. He was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
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"chunk_id": "1272891",
"chunk_text": "\"George IV of the United Kingdom\"\nGeorge IV of the United Kingdom George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover following the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten years later. From 1811 until his accession, he served as Prince Regent during his father's final mental illness. George IV led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era. He was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and taste. He commissioned John Nash",
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"page_id": 6
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"chunk_id": "2788300",
"chunk_text": "\"William IV of the United Kingdom\"\nWilliam IV of the United Kingdom William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded his elder brother George IV, becoming the last king and penultimate monarch of Britain's House of Hanover. William served in the Royal Navy in his youth, spending time in North America and the Caribbean, and was later nicknamed the \"\"Sailor King\"\". In 1789, he was created Duke of Clarence and St",
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_id": "18706377",
"chunk_text": "\"Rule of 1756\"\nRule of 1756 The Rule of 1756 or Rule of the War of 1756 was a policy of the Kingdom of Great Britain, and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that was promulgated during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). It ruled that Britain would not trade with neutral nations who were also trading with the enemy. The rule was devised and approved by the British Admiralty courts, which maintained that if a neutral nation were prohibited from a particular type of trade during peacetime, then it would also be prohibited from the same variety during wartime. The",
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"chunk_id": "18706381",
"chunk_text": "\"Rule of 1756\"\nfactor contributing to the War of 1812. France countered the Essex Case by creating its own version of the law, called the Berlin Decree. The Berlin Decree and Essex Case resulted in the seizure of nearly 1,500 American ships. Rule of 1756 The Rule of 1756 or Rule of the War of 1756 was a policy of the Kingdom of Great Britain, and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that was promulgated during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). It ruled that Britain would not trade with neutral nations who were also trading with the enemy. The rule",
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"page_id": 9
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"chunk_id": "16539520",
"chunk_text": "\"1757 caretaker ministry\"\n1757 caretaker ministry The caretaker ministry was the government of Great Britain for a short time in 1757, during the Seven Years' War. In 1756, King George II of Great Britain was reluctantly compelled to accept a ministry dominated by William Pitt the Elder as Secretary of State. The nominal head of this ministry, as First Lord of the Treasury, was William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire. On 6 April 1757, following Pitt's opposition to the execution of Admiral Byng, the King, who detested Pitt, dismissed him and his brother-in-law Lord Temple, who had been First Lord of the Admiralty.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "13306383",
"chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756)\"\nincluding William Pitt. The Treaty of Westminster was a treaty of neutrality signed on 16 January 1756 between Frederick the Great of Prussia and King George II of Great Britain, Elector of Hanover. British fears of French attacks on Hanover were responsible for the development of the treaty. Based on the terms of the agreement, both Prussia and Great Britain would seek to prevent any other foreign power's forces passing through the Holy Roman Empire. This was part of the so-called Diplomatic Revolution. Despite the British hope to avoid a war, Frederick launched a pre-emptive strike against Austria in August",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "12227708",
"chunk_text": "\"George III of the United Kingdom\"\nthe dignity of Archtreasurer of the Holy Roman Empire). Following the Acts of Union 1800, the royal arms were amended, dropping the French quartering. They became: Quarterly, I and IV England; II Scotland; III Ireland; overall an escutcheon of Hanover surmounted by an electoral bonnet. In 1816, after the Electorate of Hanover became a kingdom, the electoral bonnet was changed to a crown. George III of the United Kingdom George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "16539523",
"chunk_text": "\"1757 caretaker ministry\"\nthe re-appointment of Pitt as Secretary of State for the Southern Department and preeminent minister on 29 June 1757, and the formation of the Pitt–Newcastle ministry in July 1757. Devonshire resigned the office of First Lord of the Treasury to take up the less demanding responsibilities of Lord Chamberlain. Notes: 1757 caretaker ministry The caretaker ministry was the government of Great Britain for a short time in 1757, during the Seven Years' War. In 1756, King George II of Great Britain was reluctantly compelled to accept a ministry dominated by William Pitt the Elder as Secretary of State. The nominal",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_text": "\"George III of the United Kingdom\"\nDuke of Edinburgh. Now more interested in his grandson, three weeks later the King created George Prince of Wales (the title is not automatically acquired). In the spring of 1756, as George approached his eighteenth birthday, the King offered him a grand establishment at St James's Palace, but George refused the offer, guided by his mother and her confidant, Lord Bute, who would later serve as Prime Minister. George's mother, now the Dowager Princess of Wales, preferred to keep George at home where she could imbue him with her strict moral values. In 1759, George was smitten with Lady Sarah",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "5720824",
"chunk_text": "\"George III of the United Kingdom\"\nhe was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover. His life and with it his reign, which were longer than those of any of his predecessors, were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. However, many of Britain's American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence. Further wars",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "8713895",
"chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Great Britain\"\nalliances, especially with the Dutch Republic and the Holy Roman Empire against their common enemy, King Louis XIV of France. Queen Anne, who reigned 1702–1714, was the central decision maker, working closely with her advisers, especially her remarkably successful senior general, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. The war was a financial drain, for Britain had to finance its allies and hire foreign soldiers. Stalemate on the battlefield and war weariness on the home front set in toward the end. The anti-war Tory politicians won control of Parliament in 1710 and forced a peace. The concluding Treaty of Utrecht was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12272493",
"chunk_text": "\"Frederick, Prince of Wales\"\nFrederick, Prince of Wales Frederick, Prince of Wales, KG (Frederick Lewis; 1 February 1707 – 31 March 1751), was heir apparent to the British throne from 1727 until his death from a lung injury at the age of 44 in 1751. He was the eldest but estranged son of King George II and Caroline of Ansbach, and the father of King George III. Under the Act of Settlement passed by the English Parliament in 1701, Frederick was fourth in the line of succession to the British throne at birth, after his great-grandmother, paternal grandfather and father. He moved to Great",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "11814084",
"chunk_text": "England\nalong with the Whigs, during the Revolution of 1688 invited Dutch prince William of Orange to defeat James and ultimately to become William III of England. Some English people, especially in the north, were Jacobites and continued to support James and his sons. After the parliaments of England and Scotland agreed, the two countries joined in political union, to create the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. To accommodate the union, institutions such as the law and national churches of each remained separate. Under the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain, output from the Royal Society and other English initiatives",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "12790274",
"chunk_text": "\"John Wilkes\"\nin 1935, but it is ascribed to Wilkes in Henry Brougham's \"\"Historical Sketches\"\" (1844), related from Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, who claims to have been present, as well as in Charles Marsh's \"\"Clubs of London\"\" (1828). Brougham notes the exchange had in France previously been ascribed to Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau and Cardinal Jean-Sifrein Maury. Wilkes began his parliamentary career as a follower of William Pitt the Elder and enthusiastically supported Britain's involvement in the Seven Years War of 1756-1763. When the Scottish John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, came to head the government in 1762,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "4104883",
"chunk_text": "\"Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet\"\nSteed\"\" in the coat of arms of the King of Hanover, King George I of England, shown in the 4th quarter of the royal arms of England, his opposition to whom would later cause him much trouble. He entered parliament in 1710 and became Secretary at War in the Tory ministry in 1712 and Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1713. He was closely associated with the radical Tory leader Lord Bolingbroke and was privy to the attempts made to bring about a Jacobite restoration on the death of Queen Anne (1702–1714). On the failure of the plot he was dismissed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "1608252",
"chunk_text": "\"Prince George of Denmark\"\nPrince George of Denmark Prince George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland (; 2 April 165328 October 1708), was the husband of Queen Anne, who reigned over Great Britain from 1702 to 1714. His marriage to Anne was arranged in the early 1680s with a view to developing an Anglo-Danish alliance to contain Dutch maritime power. As a result, George was unpopular with his Dutch brother-in-law William of Orange, who was married to Anne's elder sister, Mary. William and Mary became joint monarchs of Britain, with Anne as their heir presumptive, in 1689 after the \"\"Glorious Revolution\"\" deposed James",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
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"chunk_id": "8713928",
"chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Great Britain\"\nBritish Parliament's insistence on taxing colonists without their consent. In 1775, the American Revolutionary War began, as the Americans trapped the British army in Boston and suppressed the Loyalists who supported the Crown. In 1776 the Americans declared the independence of the United States of America. Under the military leadership of General George Washington, and, with economic and military assistance from France, the Dutch Republic, and Spain, the United States held off successive British invasions. The Americans captured two main British armies in 1777 and 1781. After that King George III lost control of Parliament and was unable to continue",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "8007296",
"chunk_text": "\"Early modern Britain\"\nbe the legitimate kings, and had the support of important elements in England, as well as King Louis XIV in France. The main issue was religion; the Stuarts had the support of Catholic Europe, while the Whigs in Britain were staunch opponents of Catholicism. The great majority of Tories refused to support the Jacobites publicly, although there were numerous quiet supporters. After the death of King William III (1702) and Queen Anne (1714), the succession went to the Protestant House of Hanover, starting with King George I in 1714. They were Germans who were not especially popular in Britain. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "13073285",
"chunk_text": "\"William IV of the United Kingdom\"\na horse courant Argent (for Westphalia), overall an inescutcheon Gules charged with the crown of Charlemagne Or, the whole escutcheon surmounted by a crown. William IV of the United Kingdom William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded his elder brother George IV, becoming the last king and penultimate monarch of Britain's House of Hanover. William served in the Royal Navy in his youth, spending",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "7268191",
"chunk_text": "\"Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield\"\noration. He subsequently embarked on the Grand Tour of the Continent, to complete his education as a nobleman, by exposure to the cultural legacies of Classical antiquity and the Renaissance, and to become acquainted with his aristocratic counterparts and the polite society of Continental Europe. In the course of his post-graduate tour of Europe, the death of Queen Anne (r. 1702–1714) and the accession of King George I (r. 1714–1727) to the throne opened a political career for Stanhope, and he quickly returned to England. A member of the Whig party, Phillip Stanhope entered government service as a courtier to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
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"chunk_id": "6404863",
"chunk_text": "\"Maria Fitzherbert\"\nMaria Fitzherbert Maria Anne Fitzherbert (\"\"née\"\" Smythe, previously Weld; 26 July 1756 – 27 March 1837) was a longtime companion of George IV of the United Kingdom before he became king. In 1785, they secretly contracted a marriage that was invalid under English civil law because his father, King George III, had not consented to it. She was a Roman Catholic and so had the marriage been approved and valid, George would have lost his place in the line of succession since the law forbade Catholics and spouses of Catholics from becoming monarch. Before marrying the prince, Fitzherbert had been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
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"chunk_id": "11443498",
"chunk_text": "\"Coronation riots\"\nCoronation riots The coronation riots of October 1714 were a series of riots in southern and western England in protest against the coronation of the first Hanoverian king of Britain, George I. Upon the death in August 1714 of the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne, George Louis, Elector of Hanover, ascended the throne in accordance with the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 that excluded Anne's half-brother James Francis Edward Stuart. After his arrival in Britain in September, George promptly dismissed the Tories from office and appointed a Whig-dominated government. On 20 October George was crowned at Westminster Abbey",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "16564104",
"chunk_text": "\"Lady Louisa Stuart\"\n1762, he bought the estate of Luton Hoo in Bedfordshire. George III came to the throne in 1760, and in 1762 his friend Bute became prime minister. As a statesman, Bute was massively unpopular with the English, for a variety of reasons. He was a Scot, a Royal favourite, and a handsome man who was lampooned for his vanity, and was constantly the butt of biting political satire, scandal, and gossip. This included frequent allegations of an affair with Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1719–1772), the widow of Frederick, Prince of Wales. Bute's ministry fell in 1763, when his daughter Louisa",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2576458",
"chunk_text": "\"1715 England riots\"\nterms of the Act of Settlement 1701 that excluded Anne's half-brother James Francis Edward Stuart. After his arrival in Britain in September, George promptly dismissed the Tories from office and appointed a Whig-dominated government. His coronation in October led to rioting in over twenty towns in England. The 1715 general election was also accompanied by riots and resulted in a Whig majority in the House of Commons and the proscription of the Tories from office, with some former Tory ministers being impeached by the new government. On 8 March, the anniversary Queen Anne's accession day and William III's death, was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
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"chunk_id": "2548444",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Britain in the Seven Years' War\"\nthe hands of France in North America during 1754–55; and in the loss of Menorca in 1756. The same year Britain's major ally Austria switched sides and aligned itself with France; and Britain was hastily forced to conclude a new alliance with Frederick the Great's Prussia. For the next seven years these two nations were ranged against a growing number of enemy powers led by France. After a period of political instability, the rise of a government headed by the Duke of Newcastle and William Pitt the elder provided Britain with firmer leadership, enabling it to consolidate and achieve its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "11551217",
"chunk_text": "\"Edward VIII\"\nEdward VIII Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year, after which he became the Duke of Windsor. Edward was the eldest son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was named Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday, nine weeks after his father succeeded as king. As a young man, he served in the British Army during the First World",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
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"chunk_id": "17808789",
"chunk_text": "\"George II of Great Britain\"\nthe Hanoverian quarter differenced overall by a label of three points argent. The crest included the single arched coronet of his rank. As king, he used the royal arms as used by his father undifferenced. Caroline's ten pregnancies resulted in eight live births. One of their children died in infancy, and seven lived to adulthood. George II of Great Britain George II (George Augustus; ; 30 October / 9 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 (O.S.) until",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12272521",
"chunk_text": "\"Frederick, Prince of Wales\"\nargent of three points, the centre point bearing a cross gules\"\". As Prince of Wales, the difference changed to simply a \"\"label argent of three points\"\". Frederick never succeeded his father as Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire and so the red escutcheon in the centre of his Hanover quarter is empty. Frederick, Prince of Wales Frederick, Prince of Wales, KG (Frederick Lewis; 1 February 1707 – 31 March 1751), was heir apparent to the British throne from 1727 until his death from a lung injury at the age of 44 in 1751. He was the eldest but estranged son",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
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{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20983072",
"chunk_text": "\"Lancelot Errington\"\nLancelot Errington Lancelot Errington, also \"\"Launcelot\"\" or \"\"Lancelott\"\", (1657–1745) was a master mariner noted for his capture of Lindisfarne during the Jacobite rising of 1715. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89 resulted in the Roman Catholic Stuart king, James II of England and VII of Scotland, fleeing to exile in France, James' daughter and her husband, William III and Mary II, ascended the British throne as joint sovereigns, and were succeeded by the Protestant House of Hanover. In 1715, James II's son James Francis Edward Stuart, also known as the \"\"Old Pretender\"\", attempted to regain the throne by launching a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
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"chunk_id": "4909910",
"chunk_text": "\"11th Parliament of Great Britain\"\nthe parliament. The Prime Minister of Great Britain was Leader of the House of Lords during this parliament, namely Newcastle from 1756 to 1757, Devonshire briefly from 1756 to 1757, and Newcastle again from 1756 to 1761. The Eleventh Parliament went through eight sessions. Its first session opened on 31 May 1754 for only a few days for formalities, and passed no public act. Thereafter, parliamentary sessions usually opened in November and ran for around six months. They were in recess for the subsequent half of the year. Parliament was not immediately dissolved with the death of King George II",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11525888",
"chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Great Britain\"\na global scale and saw British involvement in Europe, India, North America, the Caribbean, the Philippines, and coastal Africa. The results were highly favorable for Britain, and a major disaster for France. Key decisions were largely in the hands of William Pitt the Elder. The war started poorly. Britain lost the island of Minorca in 1756, and suffered a series of defeats in North America. After years of setbacks and mediocre results, British luck turned in the \"\"miracle year\"\" (\"\"Annus Mirabilis\"\") of 1759. The British had entered the year anxious about a French invasion, but by the end of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7553775",
"chunk_text": "\"Glorious Revolution\"\nGlorious Revolution The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange, who was James's nephew and son-in-law. William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascension to the throne as William III of England jointly with his wife, Mary II, James's daughter, after the Declaration of Right, leading to the Bill of Rights 1689. King James's policies of religious tolerance after 1685 met with increasing opposition",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6766730",
"chunk_text": "\"Anglo-Prussian Convention\"\nstates lasted until 30 April 1762, when it was dissolved by John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute in acrimony. King George III supported Bute and George Grenville, against the Duke of Newcastle and Pitt. Anglo-Prussian Convention The Anglo-Prussian Convention was agreed on 11 April 1758 between Great Britain and the Kingdom of Prussia formalising the alliance between them that had effectively existed since the Convention of Westminster in 1756. The two states agreed not to negotiate a separate peace. Britain promised to pay the Prussians a subsidy in gold (£670,000 a year, larger than any wartime subsidies Britain had previous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4443627",
"chunk_text": "\"King's Library\"\nof objects relating to the Enlightenment. When George III became king in 1760 he did not inherit a library of any size, as George II had given the Old Royal Library, including today's Royal manuscripts, to the British Museum three years earlier. As a learned man, George III had a genuine regard for learning, developed under the influence of his tutor the Earl of Bute. On becoming king he quickly began assembling a new collection of mainly scholarly works, the project beginning in earnest in 1762-3 with the purchase of the library of Joseph Smith. Smith had been collecting in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15235347",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard O'Farrell\"\nRichard O'Farrell Major-General Richard O'Farrell (died 3 July 1757) was an officer of the British Army. He was nominated ensign in a regiment of foot on 7 March 1692, and he served with reputation in the wars of King William III and of Queen Anne. On 20 December 1722 he was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the 9th Regiment of Foot, and he performed the duties of commanding officer to that corps many years, with credit to himself and advantage to the service. On 12 August 1741, following the decease of Brigadier-General Paget, King George II rewarded the long and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3286290",
"chunk_text": "\"Samuel Martin (Secretary to the Treasury)\"\njob in the Pitt-Newcastle Coalition. Having failed to obtain an office in the King's service, Martin was compensated by being appointed Treasurer to the Princess Dowager of Wales Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (mother of the future King George III of the United Kingdom) in October 1757, an office he retained until 8 February 1772. In 1760 King George III succeeded to the throne and Martin was able in the following year to transfer his political loyalty from Legge (who was becoming less prominent in public life) to the King's favourite John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. In April 1758 Martin became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10109538",
"chunk_text": "\"Anne, Queen of Great Britain\"\nacquiesced to the new line of succession created by the Act of Settlement. Anne became queen upon the death of King William III on 8 March 1702, and was immediately popular. In her first speech to the English Parliament, on 11 March, she distanced herself from her late Dutch brother-in-law and said, \"\"As I know my heart to be entirely English, I can very sincerely assure you there is not anything you can expect or desire from me which I shall not be ready to do for the happiness and prosperity of England.\"\" Soon after her accession, Anne appointed her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14836476",
"chunk_text": "\"Samuel Stennett\"\nSamuel Stennett Samuel Stennett (1 June 1727 – 24 August 1795) was a Seventh Day Baptist minister and hymnwriter. He was born in Exeter but at the age of 10 his family moved to London, where his father served as the minister of the Baptist church in Little Wild Street. Samuel succeeded his father as minister in 1758, a position which he held until his death. Samuel Stennett received a Doctorate of Divinity from King's College, Aberdeen in 1763. Although friend and supporter to the reigning monarch, George III, Stennett refused political opportunities to devote himself to ministry. He attained",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
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{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15953891",
"chunk_text": "\"Edward VIII\"\nAfter his abdication, he used the arms again differenced by a label of three points argent, but this time with the centre point bearing an imperial crown. Edward VIII Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December the same year, after which he became the Duke of Windsor. Edward was the eldest son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was named Prince of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9559204",
"chunk_text": "\"Nine Years' War\"\n5 November (O.S) 1688, many welcomed William with open arms, and the subsequent Glorious Revolution brought a rapid end to James II's reign. On 13 February 1689 (O.S.) William of Orange became King William III of England – reigning jointly with his wife Mary – and bound together the fortunes of England and the Dutch Republic. Yet few people in England suspected that William had sought the crown for himself or that his aim was to bring England into the war against France on the Dutch side. The Convention Parliament did not see that the offer of joint monarchy carried",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7523935",
"chunk_text": "\"Throne of England\"\nthe existence of the government. It evolved naturally as a separation of the literal throne and property of the nation-state from the person and personal property of the monarch. According to tradition, the roots of British monarchy extend into legends before the ninth-century king Alfred the Great. On 1 May 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain was created by the political union of the Kingdom of England (which included Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland. In this period, the \"\"Throne of the United Kingdom\"\" was merged in usage with the \"\"Throne of England.\"\" The modern Queen or King is a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11525887",
"chunk_text": "\"Kingdom of Great Britain\"\nDissenters. He avoided controversy and high-intensity disputes, as his middle way attracted moderates from both the Whig and Tory camps. H.T. Dickinson sums up his historical role:Walpole was one of the greatest politicians in British history. He played a significant role in sustaining the Whig party, safeguarding the Hanoverian succession, and defending the principles of the Glorious Revolution (1688) ... He established a stable political supremacy for the Whig party and taught succeeding ministers how best to establish an effective working relationship between Crown and Parliament. The Seven Years' War, which began in 1756, was the first war waged on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
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"chunk_id": "2576457",
"chunk_text": "\"1715 England riots\"\n1715 England riots In the spring and summer of 1715 a series of riots occurred in England, protesting against the first Hanoverian king of Britain, George I and his new Whig government. The rioters often attacked Dissenting chapels (the Dissenters were allied to the Whigs). The riots occurred on symbolic days: 28 May was George I's birthday, 29 May was the anniversary of Charles II's Restoration and 10 June was James Francis Edward Stuart's birthday. Upon the death in August 1714 of the last Stuart monarch, Queen Anne, Georg Ludwig, Elector of Hanover, ascended the throne in accordance with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5890664",
"chunk_text": "\"James Francis Edward Stuart\"\nbecame king of the recently created Kingdom of Great Britain as George I. James denounced the new King, noting \"\"we have beheld a foreign family, aliens to our country, distant in blood, and strangers even to our language, ascend the throne.\"\" Following George's coronation in October 1714, major riots broke out in provincial England. The following year, Jacobites started uprisings in Scotland and Cornwall aimed at putting \"\"James III and VIII\"\" on the throne. On 22 December 1715, James reached Scotland after the Jacobite defeats at the Battle of Sheriffmuir (13 November 1715) and Preston. He landed at Peterhead and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_913
|
where is cinque terre italy on a map?
|
n/a
|
[
"Liguria, Italy"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "3441955",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\nCinque Terre The Cinque Terre (; , meaning \"\"Five Lands\"\") is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the region Liguria, in the northwest of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia, and comprises five villages: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore. The coastline, the five villages, and the surrounding hillsides are all part of the Cinque Terre National Park and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Over the centuries, people have carefully built terraces on the rugged, steep landscape right up to the cliffs that overlook the sea. Part",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
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"chunk_id": "3441964",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\nand maintenance of the terrace walls posed a long-term threat to the site, which was for this reason included in the 2000 and 2002 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund. The organization secured grants from American Express to support a study of the conservation of Cinque Terre. Following the study, a site management plan was created. Cinque Terre The Cinque Terre (; , meaning \"\"Five Lands\"\") is a rugged portion of coast on the Italian Riviera. It is in the region Liguria, in the northwest of Italy, to the west of the city of La Spezia, and comprises",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
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"chunk_id": "7290359",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nParco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre The Cinque Terre National Park is a protected area inducted as Italy's first national park in 1999. Located in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northern Italy, it is the smallest national park in Italy at 4,300 acres, but also the densest with 5,000 permanent inhabitants among the five towns. In addition to the territory of the towns of Cinque Terre (Riomaggiore, Manarola, Corniglia, Vernazza and Monterosso al Mare), the Cinque Terre National Park encompasses parts of the communes of Levanto (Punta Mesco) and La Spezia (Campiglia Sunsets). Cinque Terre was included as a UNESCO",
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"chunk_id": "17717926",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\ngorgonia. The Cinque Terre are composed of five villages: from west to east: Other municipalities whose territory is part of the Cinque Terre National Park: Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre The Cinque Terre National Park is a protected area inducted as Italy's first national park in 1999. Located in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northern Italy, it is the smallest national park in Italy at 4,300 acres, but also the densest with 5,000 permanent inhabitants among the five towns. In addition to the territory of the towns of Cinque Terre (Riomaggiore, Manarola, Corniglia, Vernazza and Monterosso al Mare), the",
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"page_id": 3
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"chunk_id": "7290361",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nand thus save its immense heritage of terracing, now endangered. The Cinque Terre National Park was established on 6 October 1999 in recognition of the territory's considerable scenic, agricultural, historical and cultural value. The five medieval towns along the Ligurian Coast provide scenic views of rugged terrain reeled in with terraced stone walls, where the mountains of 'Appennino Ligure come straight to the sea. The form and disposition of the towns as they embrace topography embedded in the cliffs are a testament to the long history of settlement and the terraced cultivated lands to the agricultural heritage of the area.",
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"chunk_id": "3441956",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\nof its charm is the lack of visible corporate development. Paths, trains and boats connect the villages, and cars cannot reach them from the outside. The Cinque Terre area is a very popular tourist destination. The villages of Cinque Terre were severely affected by torrential rains which caused floods and mudslides on October 25, 2011. Nine people were confirmed killed by the floods, and damage to the villages, particularly Vernazza and Monterosso al Mare, was extensive. The first historical documents on Cinque Terre date back to the 11th century. Monterosso and Vernazza sprang up first, while the other villages grew",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
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"chunk_id": "13381795",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre DOC\"\nCinque Terre DOC Cinque Terre is a small DOC white wine region in Liguria, North Italy. The DOC was granted in 1973 and production is limited to the coastal areas of the Cinque Terre in the Province of La Spezia, and specifically to the territories of the communes of Riomaggiore (including Manarola), Vernazza (which includes the village of Corniglia, whose wine has been known since Roman times) and Monterosso al Mare, together with two adjacent areas within the commune of La Spezia: Tramonti di Biassa and Tramonti di Campiglia. The wine is produced from a must containing at least 40%",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
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"chunk_id": "7290369",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nthe Middle Ages. A sub-project, in cooperation with Agricultura Cinque Terre seeks to do just that, by reintroducing some of the traditional ancient grapes of the region. In addition, the success of \"\"Uncultivated Lands\"\" has been an invaluable model for other areas, such as the UNESCO site of Ifugao, Philippines, who are interested in perfecting and re-establishing thousand-year old cultivation practices within their own communities. At UNESCO’s meeting on 5 December 1997 the Cinque Terre, Portovenere and the islands of Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto, were added to its World Heritage List under the heading of a cultural landscape. An important",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "13381797",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre DOC\"\nStraw wine of the Cinque Terre DOC wine, and is typically drunk with cheese or desserts. Cinque Terre DOC Cinque Terre is a small DOC white wine region in Liguria, North Italy. The DOC was granted in 1973 and production is limited to the coastal areas of the Cinque Terre in the Province of La Spezia, and specifically to the territories of the communes of Riomaggiore (including Manarola), Vernazza (which includes the village of Corniglia, whose wine has been known since Roman times) and Monterosso al Mare, together with two adjacent areas within the commune of La Spezia: Tramonti di",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
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"chunk_id": "19111136",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nfarming and vineyards while at sea maintaining a strong fishing culture. The beauty of Cinque Terre lies not in a pristine environment void of man, but rather the interplay of the two. Known for its natural environment and coastal hiking trails, Cinque Terre is a tourist destination that draws people from all over the world, the numbers rising to 3.5- 5 million in the month of August alone. While there is great concern for the environmental effects of such numbers of visitors, tourism is essential, having long replaced farming and fishing as the area's chief economy. Recognizing the value of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
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"chunk_id": "6959562",
"chunk_text": "\"Città di Castello\"\nCittà di Castello Città di Castello (; \"\"Castle Town\"\") is a city and \"\"comune\"\" in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of the Umbria. It is situated on a slope of the Apennines, on the flood plain along the upper part of the river Tiber. The city is north of Perugia and south of Cesena on the motorway SS 3 bis. It is connected by the SS 73 with Arezzo and the A1 highway, situated 38 km (23 mi) west. Città di Castello has an exclave named Monte Ruperto within Marche. The town was founded by the ancient",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
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{
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"chunk_id": "3441958",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\nto emigrate abroad, at least up to the 1970s, when the development of tourism brought back wealth. Contrary to the common belief that house colors originated to distinguish the fisherman's houses, they were not painted until the late 1970s. The only village that used fishing as its main industry was Monterosso. The locals lived off vineyards and olive cultivation. There are few roads into the Cinque Terre towns that are accessible by car: the one into Vernazza is open as of June 2012, but very narrow at many places. It leads to a parking area a kilometre from town. Local",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "7290360",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nWorld Heritage Site in 1997. The collection of five cliff-side towns on the Ligurian Coast linked by a series of trails highlights a delicate relationship between man and the environment. As modification of the landscape has been so vital for the area's development and tourist industry, the National Park is an essential tool in preserving and maintaining the natural landscape while promoting sustainable tourism that vital to the economic success of Cinque Terre. To achieve its objectives, the Park Organization encourages the development of responsible tourism, able therefore to invest in the identity of the places and the territory's products,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
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"chunk_id": "18722696",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Torri\"\nCinque Torri Cinque Torri (sometimes named also \"\"Cinque Torri di Averau\"\"; ) are a small group belonging to Nuvolao group, in the Dolomiti Ampezzane (part of the Eastern Dolomites) north-west of San Vito di Cadore and south-west of Cortina d'Ampezzo. Cinque Torri, as all the other mountains in the area, are made of Dolomia, with a particular pale grey colour. The group is formed by five towers (which give the name to the mountain) with a maximum elevation of 2.361 m (\"\"Torre Grande\"\"). Every \"\"tower\"\" has its own name: They are located in the south-west area of the valley of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_id": "8000740",
"chunk_text": "Vernazza\nVernazza Vernazza (, locally ; ) is a town and located in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northwestern Italy. It is one of the five towns that make up the Cinque Terre region. Vernazza is the fourth town heading north, has no car traffic, and remains one of the truest \"\"fishing villages\"\" on the Italian Riviera. It is the only natural port of Cinque Terre and is famous for its elegant houses. Vernazza's name is derived from the Latin adjective , meaning \"\"native\"\". The aptly named indigenous wine, \"\"vernaccia\"\" (\"\"local\"\" or \"\"ours\"\"), helped give birth to the village's moniker.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "3441960",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\nSpezia, Lerici, or Porto Venere. A walking trail, known as (\"\"Azure Trail\"\"), used to connect the five villages but the section from Riomaggiore to Manarola called the Via dell'Amore (\"\"Love Walk\"\") is closed. It is still possible to walk between these villages, although the trail is both steeper and longer than the (closed) path along the waterfront. From the poem, “The Lemons”, 1921. This is how the Nobel Prize in Literature Eugenio Montale, through his poetry, tells of the beauty of Monterosso and how the Cinque Terre must be discovered. The Cinque Terre were not only a source of inspiration",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "20547615",
"chunk_text": "Abruzzo\nAbruzzo Abruzzo (; Aquiliano: \"\"Abbrùzzu\"\") is a region of Southern Italy with an area of 10,763 square km (4,156 sq mi) and a population of 1.2 million. It is divided into four provinces: L'Aquila, Teramo, Pescara, and Chieti. Its western border lies east of Rome. Abruzzo borders the region of Marche to the north, Lazio to the west and south-west, Molise to the south-east, and the Adriatic Sea to the east. Geographically, Abruzzo is divided into a mountainous area in the west, which includes the Gran Sasso d'Italia, and a coastal area in the east with beaches on the Adriatic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "2809640",
"chunk_text": "Circello\nA tower was added in the 14th century under the Aragonese Circello Circello (Campanian: ) is a \"\"comune\"\" (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about northeast of Naples and about 25 km north of Benevento and approximately above sea level. Circello borders the following municipalities: Campolattaro, Castelpagano, Colle Sannita, Fragneto l'Abate, Morcone, Reino, Santa Croce del Sannio. Circello has an mountainous climate with cold and snowy winters, sometimes exceeding 1 m of snow precipitation. Snowstorms are quite common during winter (with snow sometimes present for 30 days or more), while the summers are mild",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\nForlini-Capellini, Walter de Batté, Buranco, Arrigoni. In addition to wines, other popular local drinks include grappa, a brandy made with the pomace left from winemaking, . In 1998, the Italian Ministry for the Environment set up the Protected natural marine area Cinque Terre to protect the natural environment and to promote socio-economic development compatible with the natural landscape of the area. Today, millions of visitors visit it every year. In 1999 the Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre was created to conserve the ecological balance, protect the landscape, and safeguard the anthropological values of the location. Nevertheless, dwindling interest in cultivation",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "1959062",
"chunk_text": "Circello\nCircello Circello (Campanian: ) is a \"\"comune\"\" (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about northeast of Naples and about 25 km north of Benevento and approximately above sea level. Circello borders the following municipalities: Campolattaro, Castelpagano, Colle Sannita, Fragneto l'Abate, Morcone, Reino, Santa Croce del Sannio. Circello has an mountainous climate with cold and snowy winters, sometimes exceeding 1 m of snow precipitation. Snowstorms are quite common during winter (with snow sometimes present for 30 days or more), while the summers are mild with temperatures that rarely exceed 35 degrees Celsius. The lowest temperature",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "3441962",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\nolive oil, pine nuts and pecorino cheese. Focaccia is a particularly common locally baked bread product. Farinata, a typical snack found in bakeries and pizzerias, is a savoury and crunchy pancake made from a base of chick pea flour. The town of Corniglia is particularly popular for a gelato made from local honey (). The grapes of the Cinque Terre are used to produce two locally made wines. The eponymous \"\"Cinque Terre\"\" and the \"\"Sciachetrà\"\" are both made using Bosco, Albarola, and Vermentino grapes. Both wines are produced by the , located between Manarola and Volastra. Other DOC producers are",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "10563209",
"chunk_text": "\"Monte Cinto\"\nMonte Cinto Monte Cinto () is the highest mountain on the island of Corsica, a région of France. The elevation of the mountain is 2,706 m (8,878 ft.) and so is its prominence, making it one of the most prominent peaks in Europe. Its location gives it a theoretical panorama of mountains on mainland Europe stretching from near Marseille to Rome. The most distant mountain theoretically visible is Monte Rosa in Switzerland, just west of north, approximately away. The first known ascent of Monte Cinto was on 6 June 1882, by a party led by Édouard Rochat who reached the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
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"chunk_id": "16387148",
"chunk_text": "\"Monterosso al Mare\"\nwas only accessible by sea or by mule paths that connected the villages of the Cinque Terre and to Via Roma, the main road that connected all of Italy to Rome. These mule paths have been maintained and used over the centuries and now provide hikers with a more intimate view of the sea-swept Cinque Terre. The area was recently designated as part of the national park system and is considered a protected area, to the effect of limited development and resource usage. The Cinque Terre hiking trails have been taken over by the national park system and there is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "7290362",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nAs the first Italian park created to safeguard a landscape that has been mostly built by humans, the Cinque Terre National Park and Protected Marine Area aim to protect cultural heritage of “the park of Man.” The site's location and topography is a vital part of the identity of Cinque Terre, whose extreme typological restraints and access to the coast inherently provide for a delicate relationship between man and the natural environment. That relationship has led to a dual existence, focused on both land and sea. For more than a thousand years, man has cut the steep slopes for terrace",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3441959",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\ntrains from La Spezia to Genoa and the rest of the region's network connect the villages of Cinque Terre. Intercity trains also connect them to Milan, Rome, Turin and Tuscany. The Cinque Terre tracks run most of the distance in tunnels between Riomaggiore and Monterosso. The Cinque Terre trains connect the La Spezia train station to all five towns. Unlimited day passes are available for tourists, and the trip from one village to another is five minutes or less. A passenger ferry runs between the five villages, except Corniglia. The ferry enters Cinque Terre from Genoa's Old Harbour and La",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
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{
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"chunk_id": "12989115",
"chunk_text": "\"Province of La Spezia\"\nProvince of La Spezia The Province of La Spezia () is a province in the Liguria region of Italy. Its capital is the city of La Spezia. It has an area of and, , a total population of 220,225 inhabitants. There are 32 \"\"communes\"\" in the province (source: Italian institute of statistics \"\"Istat\"\" In the province of La Spezia are the Cinque Terre, Portovenere and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Also more in this area are the villages of Brugnato, Montemarcello, Tellaro and Varese Ligure, which were included in the list of the most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "11472975",
"chunk_text": "\"Civitella del Tronto\"\nhave karst topography in the landscapes of the Montagna dei Fiori. Civitella del Tronto Civitella del Tronto () is a town and \"\"comune\"\" in the province of Teramo, within the Abruzzo region of central Italy. It is located in the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park. The origins of Civitella are unknown, though in the area have been found traces of human presence as early as the Neolithic and Upper Palaeolithic ages. The current town is believed to lie on the former Beregra, a town of the Piceni Italic tribe. It is first mentioned in the 10th-11th centuries,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "1751400",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Italy\"\nGeography of Italy Italy is located in southern Europe and comprises the long, boot-shaped Italian Peninsula, the southern side of Alps, the large plain of the Po Valley and some islands including Sicily and Sardinia. Corsica, although belonging to the Italian geographical region, has been a part of France since 1769. Italy is part of the Northern Hemisphere. Its total area is , of which is land and . It lies between latitudes 35° and 48° N, and longitudes 6° and 19° E. Italy borders Switzerland (), France (), Austria () and Slovenia (). San Marino () and Vatican city",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5088260",
"chunk_text": "\"Liguria wine\"\nLiguria wine Liguria is an Italian wine region located in the northwest region of Italy along the Italian Riviera. It is bordered by the Piedmont wine region to the north, the Alps and French wine region of Provence to the west, the Apennine Mountains and the Emilia-Romagna wine region to the east with a small border shared with Tuscany in the south-east along the Ligurian sea. Liguria has several \"\"Denominazione di origine controllata\"\" regions with the most notable being the Cinque Terre DOC from cliff side vineyards situated among the five fishing villages of Cinque Terre in the province of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "14053954",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\nlater, under military and political supremacy of the Republic of Genoa. In the 16th century, to oppose the attacks by the Turks, the inhabitants reinforced the old forts and built new defense towers. From the year 1600, Cinque Terre experienced a decline which reversed only in the 19th century, thanks to the construction of the Military Arsenal of La Spezia and to the building of the railway line between Genoa and La Spezia. The railway allowed the inhabitants to escape their isolation, but also brought about abandonment of traditional activities. The consequence was an increase in poverty which pushed many",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6315458",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Circeo\"\nalso called in Italian, is located on the southwest coast of Italy, about south-southeast of Rome, near San Felice Circeo, on the coast between Anzio and Terracina. At the northern end of the Gulf of Gaeta, it is about long by wide at the base, running from east to west and surrounded by the sea on all sides except the north. The land to the north of it is above sea level, while the summit of the promontory is . While the headland is quite steep and hilly, the land immediately to the east of it is low-lying and very",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "10644621",
"chunk_text": "\"Monte Cimone\"\nMonte Cimone Monte Cimone is the highest mountain in the northern Apennines, of Italy. The mountain has an elevation of 2,165 m and is also the highest point in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. It encompasses the \"\"comuni\"\" of Fiumalbo, Sestola, Fanano and Riolunato in the province of Modena. Its interior houses a military structure; for this reason, during the Cold War, access to the peak was forbidden. During World War II it was a German radar site and anti-aircraft gun battery. Later it was used as a communications relay site by the U.S. Air Force, until removed in 2008.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "17717906",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\none the National Park works to address, is land degradation. Today, a large percentage of cultural heritage sites are classified by governmental authorities as exposed to landslide risk. In Italy in particular, whose terrain is 75% mountainous or hilly, 13/36 (36%) of heritage sites are affected by slope instability problems, including the Cinque Terre region. The landslide activity of a region can be attributed to many factors. According to GNDCI, most current landslides in the Apennines are recently dormant, reactivated with climate change. While this explanation links the problem more to environmental and geological factors, mankind also plays a large",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "8000744",
"chunk_text": "Vernazza\nconstruction of La Spezia's naval base also proved important to Vernazza in providing employment for many members of the community. With the arrival of the 20th century, Vernazza experienced a wave of emigration as working the land was viewed as dangerous and the cause of disease, and the ability to further exploit agriculture diminished. In 1997, the Cinque Terre was recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and in 1999 the National Park of the Cinque Terre was created. Today the main source of revenue for Vernazza is tourism. However, as a testimony to the strength of centuries-old tradition,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
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"chunk_id": "11472972",
"chunk_text": "\"Civitella del Tronto\"\nCivitella del Tronto Civitella del Tronto () is a town and \"\"comune\"\" in the province of Teramo, within the Abruzzo region of central Italy. It is located in the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park. The origins of Civitella are unknown, though in the area have been found traces of human presence as early as the Neolithic and Upper Palaeolithic ages. The current town is believed to lie on the former Beregra, a town of the Piceni Italic tribe. It is first mentioned in the 10th-11th centuries, as a walled town; in the 13th century it was part",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7290371",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nthere is often an expectation of a pristine untouched environment, and an interest in the local population as a part of that landscape. In Cinque Terre, the greatest draw for tourists are the hiking trails and scenery among authentic traditional settlements. This socio-cultural element is essential as it highlights the heritage and culture of the picturesque Italian villages. Cinque Terre's popularity can be contributed to the establishment of the park in 1999 and the addition to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, both of which embrace ecotourism and the need for sustainability. A result of extensive efforts towards infrastructure, improvement of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17930922",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale del Circeo\"\nParco Nazionale del Circeo The Parco Nazionale del Circeo (English: \"\"National Park of Circeo\"\") is an Italian national park founded in 1934. It occupies a strip of coastal land from Anzio to Terracina, including also a sector of forest in the mainland of San Felice Circeo, and the island of Zannone. The park was established by order of Benito Mussolini, under advice from Senator Raffaele Bastianelli, to preserve the last remains of the Pontine Marshes which were being reclaimed in that period. It is the only national park in Italy to occupy only a plain and coastal area. The park",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13381796",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre DOC\"\nof the Bosco grape, but may also contain up to 40% of Albarola and/or Vermentino and up to 20% of other white-berried grapes approved and/or recommended for the Province of La Spezia. The wines tend to be dry, with straw yellow colour, and a delicate aroma. Typically, it is best drunk with the local cuisine, and especially with seafood — until the arrival of the railway in 1874, the five villages of the Cinque Terre were little fishing hamlets, accessible only by sea. Sciacchetrà DOC is also produced in the same Cinque Terre area and is a 'vino passito' or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17717907",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nrole in the problem. Relevantly to Cinque Terre, changes in land use and agricultural practices have drastic effects on landslides and their outcomes. In a comparison of images of Cinque Terre land terracing in 1958 and 2000, there appears a clear increase in soil erosion and degradation of vineyard terraces that is consistent with agriculture abandonment in the 1960s as the main focus of the area shifted to tourism and away from the careful \"\"landscape engineering\"\" of previous centuries. According to city officials, in 1951, about 3,500 acres of Cinque Terre land were cultivated, compared to 275 today. As land",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3441961",
"chunk_text": "\"Cinque Terre\"\nfor Eugenio Montale but for many others as: In 2013 Cinque Terre was one of the shooting locations of the movie The Wolf of Wall Street by Martin Scorsese. Given its location on the Mediterranean, seafood is plentiful in the local cuisine. Anchovies of Monterosso are a local specialty designated with a Protected Designation of Origin status from the European Union. The mountainsides of the Cinque Terre are heavily terraced and are used to cultivate grapes and olives. This area, and the region of Liguria, as a whole, is known for pesto, a sauce made from basil leaves, garlic, salt,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17717912",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nstretch beyond economics. As tourism is now so ingrained in the towns, the social benefits of interaction are evident and foster a sense of empowerment and pride that comes with caring for a protected land that millions enjoy. The presence of trails that are safe and accessible while minimizing soil erosion is vital for a National Park, particularly one whose typology is as extreme as Cinque Terre. A direct result of the heavy crowds during the summer months, Cinque Terre trails, spanning almost 12 miles are in constant need of supervision, as both soil degradation and human safety are real",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17717923",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nfishermen and guided scuba diving tours and the last and least stringent Partial Nature Reserve that allows monitored recreational fishing. This part of the Ligurian Sea is included in the Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean marine mammals, an international protected area that includes territories of France, Monaco and Italy. Founded in 2002, The Pelagos Sanctuary focuses on the protection of Mediterranean cetaceans under threat from human involvement. In Italy, past practices included deep-net fishing and pollution from cruise ships that dock in areas like Cinque Terre, endangering the habitats of dolphins and other cetaceans that live in its waters. Goals are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "713601",
"chunk_text": "Basilicata\nBasilicata Basilicata (), also known by its ancient name Lucania (), is a region in Southern Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Apulia (\"\"Puglia\"\") to the north and east, and Calabria to the south. It also has two coastlines: a 30-km stretch on the Tyrrhenian Sea between Campania and Calabria, and a longer coastline along the Gulf of Taranto between Calabria and Apulia. The region can be thought of as the \"\"instep\"\" of Italy, with Calabria functioning as the \"\"toe\"\" and Apulia the \"\"heel\"\". The region covers about and in 2010 had a population slightly under 600,000. The regional",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13336852",
"chunk_text": "Cansiglio\nCansiglio Cansiglio (\"\"Canséi \"\" or\"\" Canséjo\"\" in Venetian language) is a plateau in the northern-Italian Prealps, included in the provinces of Belluno, Treviso and Pordenone. Cansiglio is home to a very small Language island of Cimbrian. The plateau rises immediately above the plain below, at more than above the sea level. It is in fact formed by a basin surrounded by rocky peaks, such as Monte Costa, the Cima Valsotta, Monte Millifret, Pizzoc and the Monte Cavallo; these mountains separate the Cansiglio from the short Val Lapisina valley and from Piancavallo. The plateau features several examples of Karst topography, including",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14445380",
"chunk_text": "Riomaggiore\nin the 2014 driving video game Forza Horizon 2. The village was not featured as a main location but was referenced on various road signs. Riomaggiore Riomaggiore (, locally ) is a village and \"\"comune\"\" in the province of La Spezia, situated in a small valley in the Liguria region of Italy. It is the first of the Cinque Terre one meets when travelling north from La Spezia. The village, dating from the early thirteenth century, is known for its historic character and its wine, produced by the town's vineyards. Riomaggiore is in the Riviera di Levante region and has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19111137",
"chunk_text": "\"Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre\"\nsustainable ecotourism, the goal of World Heritage areas like Cinque Terre National Park is to maintain the ecosystem in a functional state by preserving the fine balance between tourism and agriculture. Even though the Mediterranean flora have obvious features, there are many microclimates often different from each other which created a huge variety of landscapes. There are pine, Aleppo pine, corks and chestnut. Rock and coastal environments produce numerous Mediterranean species such as samphire and sea cineraria. Flora is visible everywhere even as shrub rosemary, thyme, helichrysum and lavender. Also present are several species of trees and succulents clearly visible",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5968273",
"chunk_text": "\"Porto Venere\"\nPorto Venere Porto Venere (; until 1991 \"\"Portovenere\"\") is a town and \"\"comune\"\" (municipality) located on the Ligurian coast of Italy in the province of La Spezia. It comprises the three villages of Fezzano, Le Grazie and Porto Venere, and the three islands of Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto. In 1997 Porto Venere and the villages of Cinque Terre were designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The ancient \"\"Portus Veneris\"\" is believed to date back to at least the middle of the 1st century BC. It has been said that the name refers to a temple to the goddess",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9214042",
"chunk_text": "Manarola\nthe five villages of the Cinque Terre. Most of the houses are bright and colourful. Manarola was celebrated in paintings by Antonio Discovolo (1874–1956). Like its fellow Cinque Terre town of Riomaggiore, it was featured in the video game \"\"Forza Horizon 2\"\". It is also the inspiration for the Dorado map in the video game \"\"Overwatch\"\". Manarola Manarola (\"\"Manaea\"\" in the local dialect) is a small town, a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Riomaggiore, in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, northern Italy. It is the second-smallest of the famous Cinque Terre towns frequented by tourists. Manarola may be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2276015",
"chunk_text": "Terrasini\nTerrasini Terrasini is a town and \"\"comune\"\" in the Metropolitan City of Palermo on the island of Sicily in Italy. Terrasini is located west of Palermo at the motorway between Palermo and Trapani, between the mountains and the Gulf of Castellammare near the Palermo International Airport. Terrasini's population works mainly in fishing and tourism. The population triples during the summer. Bounding communes are: Carini, Cinisi, Partinico and Trappeto. The name Terrasini probably derives from Latin \"\"terra sinus\"\" = \"\"land at the gulf\"\" (the Gulf of Castellamare) or from \"\"terra sinorum\"\" = \"\"land of the bays\"\" due to the strongly curved",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17363029",
"chunk_text": "Pantelleria\nThe island of Pantelleria is located above a drowned continental rift in the Strait of Sicily and has been the focus of intensive volcano-tectonic activity. The 15 kilometre-long () island is the emergent summit of a largely submarine edifice. Two large Pleistocene calderas dominate the island, the older of the two formed about 114,000 years ago and the younger Cinque Denti caldera formed about 45,000 years ago. The eruption that formed the Cinque Denti caldera produced the distinctive Green Tuff deposit that covers much of the island, and is found across the Mediterranean, as far away as the island of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_914
|
what was the full name of the titanic?
|
n/a
|
[
"RMS Titanic"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437033",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nthree \"\"letters of agreement\"\" two days later, authorising the start of construction. At this point the first ship—which was later to become \"\"Olympic\"\"—had no name, but was referred to simply as \"\"Number 400\"\", as it was Harland and Wolff's four hundredth hull. \"\"Titanic\"\" was based on a revised version of the same design and was given the number 401. \"\"Titanic\"\" was long with a maximum breadth of . Her total height, measured from the base of the keel to the top of the bridge, was . She measured 46,328 gross register tons and with a draught of , she displaced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9435954",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nby numerous works of popular culture, including books, folk songs, films, exhibits, and memorials. \"\"Titanic\"\" is the second largest ocean liner wreck in the world, only beaten by her sister , the largest ever sunk, although she holds the record as the largest sunk while actually in service as a liner due to \"\"Britannic\"\" being used as a hospital ship at the time of her sinking. The final survivor of the sinking, Millvina Dean, aged two months at the time, died in 2009 at the age of 97. The name \"\"Titanic\"\" was derived the Titan of Greek mythology and meant",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9435948",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nRMS Titanic RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early hours of 15 April 1912, after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, and more than 1,500 died, making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history. RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" was the largest ship afloat at the time she entered service and was the second of three s operated by the White Star Line. She was built by the Harland and Wolff",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12329118",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic (1997 film)\"\nTitanic (1997 film) Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance and disaster film directed, written, co-produced and co-edited by James Cameron. A fictionalized account of the sinking of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\", it stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet as members of different social classes who fall in love aboard the ship during its ill-fated maiden voyage. Cameron's inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks; he felt a love story interspersed with the human loss would be essential to convey the emotional impact of the disaster. Production began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual \"\"Titanic\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437068",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\ndied on the ship herself while she was being constructed and fitted out, and another two died in the shipyard workshops and sheds. Just before the launch a worker was killed when a piece of wood fell on him. \"\"Titanic\"\" was launched at 12:15 p.m. on 31 May 1911 in the presence of Lord Pirrie, J. Pierpoint Morgan, J. Bruce Ismay and 100,000 onlookers. 22 tons of soap and tallow were spread on the slipway to lubricate the ship's passage into the River Lagan. In keeping with the White Star Line's traditional policy, the ship was not formally named or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2224616",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic in popular culture\"\ninto English). The main protagonist and hero of the novel is John Jacob Astor; the book focuses on the theme of redemption, though it takes a markedly anti-British stance. It is considered the first serious \"\"Titanic\"\" novel. One of the most famous novels associated with the disaster is a book written by Morgan Robertson fourteen years prior to the \"\"Titanic\"\"s maiden voyage, \"\"Futility, or the Wreck of the Titan\"\". Published in 1898, the book is noted for its similarities with the actual sinking. It tells the story of a huge ocean liner, the \"\"Titan\"\", which sinks in the North Atlantic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10574607",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic alternative theories\"\nRMS Titanic alternative theories The sinking of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" in 1912 attracted so much controversy that several alternative theories about its sinking have gained support. One version is that the sunken ship was actually the \"\"Olympic\"\", near-identical sister-ship of the \"\"Titanic\"\", which was the subject of a large insurance claim, and that the two vessels were secretly switched before the voyage. Another was that the \"\"Titanic\"\"s owner, J.P. Morgan, wanted to eliminate several prominent bankers who were opposing his plan for the creation of a U.S. central bank. The \"\"Titanic\"\" struck an iceberg, leaving a hole in her starboard",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17196948",
"chunk_text": "\"John Jacob Astor VI\"\nJohn Jacob Astor VI John Jacob \"\"Jakey\"\" Astor VI (August 14, 1912 – June 26, 1992) was an American socialite, shipping businessman, and member of the Astor family. He was dubbed the \"\"\"\"Titanic\"\" Baby\"\" for his affiliation with the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\"; Astor was born four months after his father, Colonel John Jacob Astor IV, died in the sinking of the \"\"Titanic\"\"; his pregnant mother Madeleine Astor survived the sinking. Astor was known for his legal battles with the estate of his elder half-brother, Vincent Astor, to inherit a larger portion of their father's $85 million fortune (approximately equivalent to $",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2224600",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic in popular culture\"\nhistory nine weeks after opening on 19 December 1997, and a week later became the first film ever to gross $1 billion worldwide. By March 1998 it had made over $1.2 billion, a record that stood until Cameron's next drama film \"\"Avatar\"\" overtook it in 2009. Cameron's film centres around a love affair between First Class passenger Rose DeWitt Bukater (Kate Winslet) and Third Class passenger Jack Dawson (Leonardo DiCaprio). Cameron designed the characters of Rose and Jack to serve as what he has termed \"\"an emotional lightning rod for the audience\"\", making the tragedy of the disaster more immediate.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8455971",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic: The Complete Story\"\nof the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\"s origins, from its conception and construction, to its maiden voyage, leading up to the initial collision with the iceberg that would ultimately sink the ship. The second half, \"\"Titanic: The Legend Lives On\"\", concentrates on the ship's sinking, its immediate aftermath, and its discovery in 1985 by Dr. Robert Ballard, along with Titanic's continuing legacy. The film received a positive review from \"\"DVD Magazine\"\". Titanic: The Complete Story Titanic: The Complete Story is an American documentary chronicling the story of the ocean liner which sank on its maiden voyage in 1912. It is a compilation of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5654765",
"chunk_text": "\"S.O.S. Titanic\"\nS.O.S. Titanic S.O.S. Titanic is a British -American 1979 television movie that depicts the doomed 1912 maiden voyage from the perspective of three distinct groups of passengers in First, Second, and Third Class. The script was written by James Costigan and directed by William Hale (credited as Billy Hale). It is the first \"\"Titanic\"\" film filmed and released in color. First Class passengers include a May–December couple, multi-millionaire John Jacob Astor IV (David Janssen) and his new wife Madeleine Talmage Force (Beverly Ross); their friend, the \"\"unsinkable\"\" Molly Brown (Cloris Leachman); another pair of honeymooners, Daniel and Mary Marvin (Jerry",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437161",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nthe dining salon and the grand staircase were in identical style and created by the same craftsmen. Large parts of the interior of the \"\"Olympic\"\" were later sold and are now in the White Swan Hotel, Alnwick, which gives an impression of how the interior of the \"\"Titanic\"\" looked. Books: Journals and news articles: Investigations: RMS Titanic RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early hours of 15 April 1912, after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. There were an estimated 2,224 passengers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8455969",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic: The Complete Story\"\nTitanic: The Complete Story Titanic: The Complete Story is an American documentary chronicling the story of the ocean liner which sank on its maiden voyage in 1912. It is a compilation of a four-hour documentary special produced by A&E Television Networks in 1994. A&E Home Video originally sold the entire documentary in a 4-tape VHS set. It is considered by many critics and historians to be the definitive documentary regarding the \"\"Titanic\"\". The documentary is narrated by actor David McCallum (who played survivor Harold Bride in the film \"\"A Night to Remember\"\") and begins with a quote from first-class passenger",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9435950",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nand for the ship's operational use. Although \"\"Titanic\"\" had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors, it only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people—about half the number on board, and one third of her total capacity—due to outdated maritime safety regulations. The ship carried 16 lifeboat davits which could lower three lifeboats each, for a total of 48 boats. However, \"\"Titanic\"\" carried only a total of 20 lifeboats, four of which were collapsible and proved hard to launch during the sinking. After leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912, \"\"Titanic\"\" called at Cherbourg in France and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14338689",
"chunk_text": "\"S.O.S. Titanic\"\nas the \"\"R.M.S. Titanic\"\" in a few shipboard scenes. S.O.S. Titanic S.O.S. Titanic is a British -American 1979 television movie that depicts the doomed 1912 maiden voyage from the perspective of three distinct groups of passengers in First, Second, and Third Class. The script was written by James Costigan and directed by William Hale (credited as Billy Hale). It is the first \"\"Titanic\"\" film filmed and released in color. First Class passengers include a May–December couple, multi-millionaire John Jacob Astor IV (David Janssen) and his new wife Madeleine Talmage Force (Beverly Ross); their friend, the \"\"unsinkable\"\" Molly Brown (Cloris Leachman);",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437028",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\n'gigantic'. Built in Belfast, Ireland, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (as it was then known), the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" was the second of the three s—the first was the and the third was the . Britannic was originally to be called Gigantic and was to be over 1,000 feet long. They were by far the largest vessels of the British shipping company White Star Line's fleet, which comprised 29 steamers and tenders in 1912. The three ships had their genesis in a discussion in mid-1907 between the White Star Line's chairman, J. Bruce Ismay, and the American",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12329218",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic (1997 film)\"\na beautiful new way.\"\" Titanic (1997 film) Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance and disaster film directed, written, co-produced and co-edited by James Cameron. A fictionalized account of the sinking of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\", it stars Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet as members of different social classes who fall in love aboard the ship during its ill-fated maiden voyage. Cameron's inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks; he felt a love story interspersed with the human loss would be essential to convey the emotional impact of the disaster. Production began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437103",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nthe starboard side of \"\"Titanic\"\" struck the iceberg, creating a series of holes below the waterline. The hull was not punctured by the iceberg, but rather dented such that the hull's seams buckled and separated, allowing water to seep in. Five of the ship's watertight compartments were breached. It soon became clear that the ship was doomed, as she could not survive more than four compartments being flooded. \"\"Titanic\"\" began sinking bow-first, with water spilling from compartment to compartment as her angle in the water became steeper. Those aboard \"\"Titanic\"\" were ill-prepared for such an emergency. In accordance with accepted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12205287",
"chunk_text": "\"The Titanic (song)\"\nThe Titanic (song) \"\"The Titanic\"\" (also known as \"\"It Was Sad When That Great Ship Went Down\"\" and \"\"Titanic (Husbands and Wives)\"\") is a folk song and children's song. \"\"The Titanic\"\" is about the sinking of RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" which sank on April 15, 1912 after striking an iceberg. The first folk songs about the \"\"Titanic\"\" disaster appeared within weeks after the disaster. Recordings of various songs about the disaster date to as early as 1913. The canonical version of the song has the chorus: In most variants, although not the earliest, the chorus starts with a line \"\"it was sad,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9435949",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nshipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, her architect, died in the disaster. \"\"Titanic\"\" was under the command of Capt. Edward Smith, who also went down with the ship. The ocean liner carried some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States. The first-class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury, with an on-board gymnasium, swimming pool, libraries, high-class restaurants and opulent cabins. A high-powered radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger \"\"marconigrams\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13461485",
"chunk_text": "\"Heart of the Ocean\"\nHeart of the Ocean The Heart of the Ocean is the name of a fictional blue diamond featured prominently in the 1997 film \"\"Titanic\"\". In the story, the 56 carat diamond was originally owned by Louis XVI and cut into a heart shape after the French Revolution. In the film the necklace was purchased by Pittsburgh steel tycoon Caledon Hockley, played by Billy Zane, a week before he sailed on the ill-fated ocean liner \"\" RMS Titanic\"\". The necklace was meant to be given as an engagement present to his fiancée Rose DeWitt Bukater, played by Kate Winslet and Gloria",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437150",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nsank and had an actual survivor as its star—the silent film actress Dorothy Gibson. The British film \"\"A Night to Remember\"\" (1958) is still widely regarded as the most historically accurate movie portrayal of the sinking. The most financially successful by far has been James Cameron's \"\"Titanic\"\" (1997), which became the highest-grossing film in history up to that time, as well as the winner of 11 Oscars at the 70th Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for Cameron. The \"\"Titanic\"\" disaster was commemorated through a variety of memorials and monuments to the victims, erected in several English-speaking countries",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2224527",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic in popular culture\"\nRMS Titanic in popular culture The RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" has subsequently played a prominent role in popular culture since her sinking in 1912, with the loss of over 1,500 of the 2,200 lives on board. The disaster and the \"\"Titanic\"\" herself have been objects of public fascination for many years. They have inspired numerous books, plays, films, songs, poems, and works of art. \"\"Titanic\"\"'s story has been interpreted in many overlapping ways, including as a symbol of technological hubris, as basis for fail-safe improvements, as a classic disaster tale, as an indictment of the class divisions of the time, and as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437153",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nwith the plot bearing a number of similarities to the \"\"Titanic\"\" disaster. In the novel the ship is the SS \"\"Titan\"\", a four-stacked liner, the largest in the world and considered unsinkable. And like the \"\"Titanic\"\", she sinks after hitting an iceberg and does not have enough lifeboats. Only recently has the significance of \"\"Titanic\"\" most notably been given by Northern Ireland where it was built by Harland and Wolff in the capital city, Belfast. While the rest of the world embraced the glory and tragedy of \"\"Titanic\"\", in its birth city, \"\"Titanic\"\" remained a taboo subject throughout the 20th",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437087",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nMrs. Henry B. Harris, Mr.† and Mrs. Arthur L. Ryerson, Mr.† and Mrs.† Hudson J. C. Allison, Mr. and Mrs. Dickinson Bishop, noted architect Edward Austin Kent†, brewery heir Harry Molson†, tennis players Karl Behr and Dick Williams, author and socialite Helen Churchill Candee, future lawyer and suffragette Elsie Bowerman and her mother Edith, journalist and social reformer William Thomas Stead†, journalist and fashion buyer Edith Rosenbaum, Philadelphia and New York socialite Edith Corse Evans†, wealthy divorcée Charlotte Drake Cardeza, French sculptor , author Jacques Futrelle† with his wife May, silent film actress Dorothy Gibson with her mother Pauline, Alfons",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14424728",
"chunk_text": "\"Crew of the RMS Titanic\"\nCrew of the RMS Titanic The crew of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" were among the estimated 2,344 people who sailed on the maiden voyage of the second of the White Star Line's \"\"Olympic\"\" class ocean sea liners, from Southampton, England to New York City in the US. Halfway through the voyage, the ship struck an iceberg and sank in the early morning of 15 April 1912, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people, including approximately 688 crew members. The following is a full list of known crew members who sailed on the maiden voyage of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\". Included in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13648463",
"chunk_text": "\"MY Titanic\"\nis 7338561. The ship was built in 1971 by Hayashikane Shipbuilding & Engineering Co Ltd, Nagasaki as \"\"Toko Maru\"\". In 1996, she was sold to Premier Fishing, South Africa and renamed \"\"Kelso\"\". In 2009, she was sold to Bill Schlagel of California who intended to convert her into a luxury motor yacht, and renamed her \"\"Titanic\"\". On 16 August 2009, \"\"Titanic\"\" visited St Helena where it was discovered that she was not displaying her name. The vessel's name was not on shipping registers either. It was established that the vessel was \"\"bona fide\"\". She departed the next day. \"\"Titanic\"\" is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9435953",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\ngoverns maritime safety. Additionally, several new wireless regulations were passed around the world in an effort to learn from the many missteps in wireless communications—which could have saved many more passengers. The wreck of \"\"Titanic\"\" was discovered in 1985 (more than 70 years after the disaster), during a US military mission and remains on the seabed. The ship was split in two and is gradually disintegrating at a depth of . Thousands of artefacts have been recovered and displayed at museums around the world. \"\"Titanic\"\" has become one of the most famous ships in history; her memory is kept alive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437054",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nof the Grand Staircase was ripped from its foundations by the force of the inrushing water on the set. It has been suggested that during the real event, the entire Grand Staircase was ejected upwards through the dome. Although \"\"Titanic\"\" was primarily a passenger liner, she also carried a substantial amount of cargo. Her designation as a Royal Mail Ship (RMS) indicated that she carried mail under contract with the Royal Mail (and also for the United States Post Office Department). For the storage of letters, parcels and specie (bullion, coins and other valuables), of space in her holds was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4533611",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic Historical Society\"\nTitanic Historical Society The \"\"Titanic\"\" Historical Society, Inc. (THS) is a non-profit organization founded in 1963, whose purpose is the preservation of the history of the famous ocean liner RMS \"\"Titanic\"\", which sank in 1912, in one of the greatest maritime disasters in history. Headquartered in Indian Orchard, Massachusetts, (United States), its founder and president was Edward S. Kamuda, who died at 74 in April, 2014. Principal activities of the \"\"Titanic\"\" Historical Society include: For many years, the remaining survivors of the \"\"Titanic's\"\" ill-fated maiden voyage were honored guests at society's conventions. In 1992, the Society commemorated the 80th anniversary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15967402",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic (musical)\"\nTitanic (musical) Titanic is a musical with music and lyrics by Maury Yeston and a book by Peter Stone that opened on Broadway in 1997. It swept the 1997 musical Tony Awards winning all five it was nominated for including the award for Best Musical and Best Score (Yeston's second for both). \"\"Titanic\"\" is set on the ocean liner RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" which sank on its maiden voyage on April 15, 1912. The discovery of the wreck of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" in 1985 attracted Yeston's interest in writing a musical about the famous disaster. \"\"What drew me to the project was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5258448",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic Historical Society\"\nnotable ships from the \"\"Golden Age\"\" of transatlantic steamship travel. At the time of the production of James Cameron's film, \"\"Titanic\"\", the \"\"Commutator\"\" provided extensive, behind-the-scenes coverage of set construction and details not shown in the final movie release. Titanic Historical Society The \"\"Titanic\"\" Historical Society, Inc. (THS) is a non-profit organization founded in 1963, whose purpose is the preservation of the history of the famous ocean liner RMS \"\"Titanic\"\", which sank in 1912, in one of the greatest maritime disasters in history. Headquartered in Indian Orchard, Massachusetts, (United States), its founder and president was Edward S. Kamuda, who died",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4061978",
"chunk_text": "\"Memorial to the Engine Room Heroes of the Titanic\"\nMemorial to the Engine Room Heroes of the Titanic The Memorial to the Engine Room Heroes of the \"\"Titanic\"\" is a granite monument located on St. Nicholas Place, at the Pier Head, in Liverpool, England. The city of Liverpool is strongly associated with the ill-fated liner that sank on 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg in the North Atlantic with the loss of some 1,517 lives. The RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" was owned by White Star Line which was founded in Liverpool in 1840. Liverpool was also the port of registry of the liner with the words 'Titanic, Liverpool' visible on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2727946",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic (restaurant)\"\nto book at the Titanic prior to opening by calling his restaurant. Marco Pierre White was the managing partner of the restaurant, being backed by hotel owners Forte. It was named Titanic because it was on top of the Atlantic, and so it was decorated in the style of a liner. White directly linked the restaurant to the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\", with the phone number for the restaurant ending in 1912 – the year that the ship sank. The restaurant cost £2 million to decorate, and sat 220 diners. The location also included a members bar, and converted into a night",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437085",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nhowever, that was too late to have much of an effect. \"\"Titanic\"\" was able to sail on the scheduled date only because coal was transferred from other vessels which were tied up at Southampton, such as and , as well as coal \"\"Olympic\"\" had brought back from a previous voyage to New York, which had been stored at the White Star Dock. Some of the most prominent people of the day booked a passage aboard \"\"Titanic\"\", travelling in First Class. Among them (with those who perished marked with a dagger†) were the American millionaire John Jacob Astor IV† and his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17363670",
"chunk_text": "\"Sinking of the RMS Titanic\"\ntime of her entry into service on 2 April 1912, Royal Mail Ship (RMS) \"\"Titanic\"\" was the second of three sister ships, and was the largest ship in the world. She and her sister, , were almost one and a half times the gross register tonnage of Cunard's and , the previous record holders, and were nearly longer. \"\"Titanic\"\" could carry 3,547 people in speed and comfort, and was built on a hitherto unprecedented scale. Her reciprocating engines were the largest that had ever been built, standing high and with cylinders in diameter requiring the burning of of coal per",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5555888",
"chunk_text": "\"Maritime history of the United Kingdom\"\nthe White Star Line to outdo the \"\"Mauritania\"\" and \"\"Lusitania\"\" which belonged to the rival Cunard Line. \"\"Titanic\"\" was 269 m long and weight 46,000 tons. She was described as a luxury hotel at sea and as \"\"unsinkable\"\". She was fitted with a double bottom and 16 watertight compartments so that even if two were flooded she would not sink. \"\"Titanic\"\" departed from Southampton on 10 April 1912 on her maiden voyage to America. She called at Cherbourg and then Queenstown (now Cobh) before heading for New York City. Despite warnings of icebergs, she continued at on the night of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9437079",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic\"\nto convey passengers to Southampton and Cherbourg respectively. The deep-water dock at Southampton, then known as the \"\"\"\"White Star Dock\"\", had been specially constructed to accommodate the new \"\"Olympic\"\"-class liners, and had opened in 1911. \"\"Titanic\"\" had around 885 crew members on board for her maiden voyage. Like other vessels of her time, she did not have a permanent crew, and the vast majority of crew members were casual workers who only came aboard the ship a few hours before she sailed from Southampton. The process of signing up recruits had begun on 23 March and some had been sent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10574621",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic alternative theories\"\nthe creation of a U.S. central bank. All three men died during the sinking. Conspiracy theorists suggest that J.P. Morgan, the legendary 74-year-old financier who set up the investment banking firm that still bears his name, arranged to have the men board the ship and then sink it to eliminate them. Morgan, nicknamed the “Napoleon of Wall Street”, had helped create General Electric, U.S. Steel, and International Harvester, and was credited with almost single-handedly saving the U.S. banking system during the Panic of 1907. Morgan did have a hand in the creation of the Federal Reserve, and owned the International",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3559653",
"chunk_text": "\"Passengers of the RMS Titanic\"\nPassengers of the RMS Titanic An estimated 2,400 people sailed on the maiden voyage of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\", the second of the White Star Line's \"\"Olympic\"\" class ocean liners, from Southampton, England to New York City, New York, US. Partway through the voyage, the ship struck an iceberg and sank in the early morning of 15 April 1912, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people, including approximately 815 of the passengers. The \"\"Titanic\"\"s passengers were divided into three separate classes, determined not only by the price of their ticket but by wealth and social class: those travelling in first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19762121",
"chunk_text": "\"Olympic-class ocean liner\"\nonly stay afloat with four compartments flooded. \"\"Titanic\"\" sank 2 hours and 40 minutes after the collision. There being not enough lifeboats for all the passengers and the nearest responding ship () being too far away, 1,514 of the 2,224 people on board died, making it one of the deadliest peacetime maritime disasters in history. In 1911, \"\"Britannic\"\" supposedly was named \"\"Gigantic\"\" in its early phases, although this was denied by the White Star line. The third, and final liner to the \"\"Olympic\"\"-class trio, \"\"Britannic\"\" was launched on 26 February 1914 at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4368116",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic Belfast\"\nhigh, the same height as \"\"Titanic\"\"s hull. The interior of the eight-storey building provides of space. Its centrepiece is a series of interpretive galleries exploring aspects of the building, design, sinking and legacy of \"\"Titanic\"\". On the top floor of the museum is Belfast's largest conference and reception space, the \"\"Titanic\"\" Suite, a banqueting facility capable of seating 750 people. A reproduction of the original staircase on the \"\"Titanic\"\", made famous by the James Cameron film \"\"Titanic\"\" in 1997, is located in this conference centre. The building also provides education, community, retail and restaurant facilities plus a community resource centre.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2224625",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic in popular culture\"\ntrying to raise the wreck. One game, \"\"\"\", was released in 1996 by Cyberflix, one year prior to James Cameron's film. In the 1999 video game \"\"\"\" the level Going Down features the \"\"Titanic\"\". In the 2010 video game \"\"Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors\"\", the main characters were all put onto a sinking ship by a mysterious person named Zero. In their introduction, Zero references the \"\"Titanic\"\"s sinking in the line \"\"On April 14, 1912... the famous ocean liner \"\"Titanic\"\" crashed into an iceberg. After remaining afloat for 2 hours and 40 minutes, it sank beneath the waters of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10312586",
"chunk_text": "\"Grand Staircase of the RMS Titanic\"\nGrand Staircase of the RMS Titanic The Grand Staircase is the name sometimes given to the large ornate staircases in the first-class section of the White Star Line liner RMS \"\"Titanic\"\", which sank following a collision with an iceberg in 1912. The staircase has been prominently featured in \"\"Titanic\"\" media and often recreated in film, making it one of the most recognizable features of the lost liner. Sited in the forward part of the ship, the Grand Staircase was the main communication between decks for First-Class passengers and the point of entry to numerous public rooms. It descended in seven",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8760436",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic (musical)\"\nexpress hope that they will one day be reunited with their lost loved ones and abandoned dreams (\"\"In Every Age/Finale\"\"). Titanic (musical) Titanic is a musical with music and lyrics by Maury Yeston and a book by Peter Stone that opened on Broadway in 1997. It swept the 1997 musical Tony Awards winning all five it was nominated for including the award for Best Musical and Best Score (Yeston's second for both). \"\"Titanic\"\" is set on the ocean liner RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" which sank on its maiden voyage on April 15, 1912. The discovery of the wreck of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11863011",
"chunk_text": "\"Arthur Rostron\"\nArthur Rostron Sir Arthur Henry Rostron, KBE, RD, RNR (14 May 1869 – 4 November 1940) was a captain for the Cunard Line. He is best remembered as the captain of the ocean liner RMS \"\"Carpathia\"\", at the time which rescued hundreds of survivors of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" when it sank in 1912 after colliding with an iceberg in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. Rostron won wide praise for his energetic efforts to reach the \"\"Titanic\"\" before she sank, and his efficient preparations for and conduct of the rescue of the survivors. He was awarded a Congressional Gold",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5839023",
"chunk_text": "\"Titanic (2012 miniseries)\"\nTitanic (2012 miniseries) Titanic is a four-part television miniseries period drama written by Julian Fellowes based on the sinking of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\", a passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912 after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from , United Kingdom, to New York City, United States. It was released in at least 86 countries in March and April 2012 for the disaster's 100th anniversary, 15 April 2012, one of two such productions, the other was \"\"\"\" (April 2012). \"\"Titanic\"\" is a four-part television costume drama created by producer Nigel Stafford-Clark",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19141996",
"chunk_text": "\"Wreck of the RMS Titanic\"\nbut have been consumed by other organisms. \"\"Titanic\"\" sank in 1912, when she collided with an iceberg during her maiden voyage. Numerous expeditions tried using sonar to map the sea bed in the hope of finding it, but were unsuccessful. In 1985, the wreck was finally located by a joint French–American expedition led by Jean-Louis Michel of IFREMER and Robert Ballard of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The wreck has been the focus of intense interest and has been visited by numerous expeditions. Controversial salvage operations have recovered thousands of items, which have been conserved and put on public display.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11671330",
"chunk_text": "\"BRP Gregorio Velasquez (AGR 702)\"\n2,500shp diesel-electric with a retractable azmuthing bow thruster. \"\"Melville's\"\" sister ship is the R/V \"\"Knorr\"\", best known as the ship which located the wreck of the RMS \"\"Titanic\"\" in 1985, which was also launched in 1968. \"\"Melville \"\" was named for George Melville, a pioneer arctic explorer and Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, who was Chief of the Bureau of Steam Engineering from 1887 to 1903. A crew of 23 keeps the ship operational, and up to 38 scientists can be accommodated for the purposes of the scientific expedition. During a career now in its fourth decade, \"\"Melville\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12180328",
"chunk_text": "\"RMS Titanic alternative theories\"\nhis book, \"\"Titanic: The Ship That Never Sank?\"\". In it, Gardiner draws on several events and coincidences that occurred in the months, days, and hours leading up to the sinking of the \"\"Titanic\"\", and concludes that the ship that sank was in fact \"\"Titanic\"\"s sister ship , disguised as \"\"Titanic\"\", as an insurance scam by her owners, the International Mercantile Marine Group, controlled by American financier J.P. Morgan that had acquired the White Star Line in 1902. \"\"Olympic\"\" was the slightly older sister of \"\"Titanic\"\", built alongside the more famous vessel but launched in October 1910. Her exterior profile was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_915
|
to whom do the powers not given to the federal government by the constitution go?
|
n/a
|
[
"the states or the people"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9571786",
"chunk_text": "\"Federalism in the United States\"\nFederalism in the United States Federalism in the United States is the constitutional division of power between U.S. state governments and the federal government of the United States. Since the founding of the country, and particularly with the end of the American Civil War, power shifted away from the states and towards the national government. The progression of federalism includes dual, state-centered, and new federalism. Federalism was a political solution for the problems with the Articles of Confederation which gave little practical authority to the federal government. For example, the Articles allowed the Continental Congress the power to sign treaties",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16038697",
"chunk_text": "\"States' rights\"\nStates' rights In American political discourse, states' rights are political powers held for the state governments rather than the federal government according to the United States Constitution, reflecting especially the enumerated powers of Congress and the Tenth Amendment. The enumerated powers that are listed in the Constitution include exclusive federal powers, as well as concurrent powers that are shared with the states, and all of those powers are contrasted with the reserved powers—also called states' rights—that only the states possess. The balance of federal powers and those powers held by the states as defined in the Supremacy Clause of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6259528",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\nof power between the federal government and the states. The amendment states that the federal government has only those powers specifically granted by the Constitution. These powers include the power to declare war, to collect taxes, to regulate interstate business activities and others that are listed in the articles or in subsequent constitutional amendments. Any power not listed is, says the Tenth Amendment, left to the states or the people. While there is no specific list of what these \"\"reserved powers\"\" may be, the Supreme Court has ruled that laws affecting family relations, commerce within a state's own borders, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17234947",
"chunk_text": "\"Enumerated powers (United States)\"\nEnumerated powers (United States) The Enumerated powers (also called Expressed powers, Explicit powers or Delegated powers) of the United States Congress are listed in of the United States Constitution. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights. Moreover, the Constitution expresses various other limitations on Congress, such as the one expressed by the Tenth Amendment: \"\"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.\"\" Historically, Congress",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7768059",
"chunk_text": "\"States' rights\"\nmisuse. States' rights In American political discourse, states' rights are political powers held for the state governments rather than the federal government according to the United States Constitution, reflecting especially the enumerated powers of Congress and the Tenth Amendment. The enumerated powers that are listed in the Constitution include exclusive federal powers, as well as concurrent powers that are shared with the states, and all of those powers are contrasted with the reserved powers—also called states' rights—that only the states possess. The balance of federal powers and those powers held by the states as defined in the Supremacy Clause of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2819079",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\nHouse of Representatives. The approval of both chambers is required to pass all legislation, which then may only become law by being signed by the president (or, if the president vetoes the bill, both houses of Congress then re-pass the bill, but by a two-thirds majority of each chamber, in which case the bill becomes law without the president's signature). The powers of Congress are limited to those enumerated in the Constitution; all other powers are reserved to the states and the people. The Constitution also includes the \"\"Necessary and Proper Clause\"\", which grants Congress the power to \"\"make all",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3248809",
"chunk_text": "Federalism\nthe Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people. The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole. A federal upper house",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16505780",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal law\"\nRussia, the former Soviet Union and the United States. The United States Constitution provides for a federal government that is superior to state governments with regard to its enumerated powers. These powers include the authority to govern international affairs, interstate commerce, the currency and national defense. After the American Civil War, the Fourteenth Amendment applied the Constitution's Bill of Rights to state governments. Legislation passed by Congress, an Executive Order of the President, or a decision of federal courts pursuant to the Constitution are federal law. Through the system of checks and balances, it is the Supreme Court makes final",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10677467",
"chunk_text": "\"State government\"\n10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, all governmental powers not granted to the Federal government of the United States nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. State government A state government is the government of a country subdivision in a federal form of government, which shares political power with the federal or national government. A state government may have some level of political autonomy, or be subject to the direct control of the federal government. This relationship may be defined by a constitution. The reference to \"\"state\"\" denotes country subdivisions",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8814031",
"chunk_text": "\"Reserved powers\"\nReserved powers Reserved powers, residual powers, or residuary powers are the powers which are neither prohibited nor explicitly given by law to any organ of government. Such powers, as well as general power of competence, are given because it is impractical to detail in legislation every act allowed to be carried out by the state. Reserved powers are given to different branches of the government in different countries. In Canada the reserved powers lie with the federal government; in the United States, the reserved powers lie with the constituent states. In Australia, despite the centralized nature of the constitution, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5783066",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\nthe U.S. Constitution is the idea of \"\"checks and balances\"\" among the powers and responsibilities of the three branches of American government: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. For example, while the legislative branch (Congress) has the power to create law, the executive branch under the president can veto any legislation—an act which, in turn, can be overridden by Congress. The president nominates judges to the nation's highest judiciary authority, the Supreme Court, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in turn, can invalidate unconstitutional laws passed by the Congress. These and other examples are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8296645",
"chunk_text": "\"Nondelegation doctrine\"\ncan also be improper delegations of powers within an executive branch. Australian federalism does not permit the federal Parliament or Government to delegate its powers to state or territorial parliaments or governments, nor territorial parliaments or governments to delegate their powers to the federal Parliament or Government, but the states parliaments delegate its powers to the federal parliament by means of section 51 subsection (xxxvii) of the Constitution Act 1901. Canadian federalism does not permit Parliament or the provincial legislatures to delegate their powers to each other. In the Federal Government of the United States, the \"\"nondelegation doctrine\"\" is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8992362",
"chunk_text": "\"United States constitutional law\"\ngenerally considered exclusive to the federal government) are: Although, for all practical purposes (as proved by the fact of the U.S. Civil War), the federal government does not actually govern by the \"\"consent of the states,\"\" some of the more important powers reserved by the states to themselves in the Constitution are: The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution defines the scope of when and in what circumstances a state may be taken to federal court. Taken literally, the Amendment prohibits a citizen from suing a state in federal court through the sovereign immunity doctrine. However, the Court has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3248770",
"chunk_text": "Federalism\nin \"\"Federalist No. 28,\"\" suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit: \"\"If their [the peoples'] rights are invaded by either, they can make use of the other as the instrument of redress.\"\" (1) Because the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government has certain \"\"express powers\"\" (also called \"\"enumerated powers\"\") which are powers spelled out in the Constitution,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "143534",
"chunk_text": "\"Separation of powers under the United States Constitution\"\nVirginia, North Carolina and Georgia all kept the branches of government \"\"separate and distinct.\"\" Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case \"\"Clinton v. The city of New York\"\" that Congress could not delegate a \"\"line-item veto\"\" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution. Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2819085",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\nexecutive performance. It applies to cabinet departments, executive agencies, regulatory commissions, and the presidency. Congress's oversight function takes many forms: The executive power in the federal government is vested in the President of the United States, although power is often delegated to the Cabinet members and other officials. The president and vice president are elected as running mates by the Electoral College, for which each state, as well as the District of Columbia, is allocated a number of seats based on its representation (or ostensible representation, in the case of D.C.) in both houses of Congress. The president is limited",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13519575",
"chunk_text": "\"Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"\nTenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Tenth Amendment (Amendment X) to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791. It expresses the principle of federalism and states' rights, which strictly supports the entire plan of the original Constitution for the United States of America, by stating that the federal government possesses only those powers delegated to it by the United States Constitution. All remaining powers are reserved for the states or the people. The amendment was proposed by the 1st United States Congress in 1789 during its first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15851375",
"chunk_text": "\"U.S. state\"\n(Article VI, Clause 2) establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land. It provides that state courts are bound by the supreme law; in case of conflict between federal and state law, the federal law must be applied. Even state constitutions are subordinate to federal law. States' rights are understood mainly with reference to the Tenth Amendment. The Constitution delegates some powers to the national government, and it forbids some powers to the states. Any powers not granted to the federal government or forbidden to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14814388",
"chunk_text": "Federalism\nincluding the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce. In addition, the \"\"Necessary and Proper Clause\"\" gives the federal government the \"\"implied power\"\" to pass any law \"\"necessary and proper\"\" for the execution of its express powers. Other powers—the \"\"reserved powers\"\"—are reserved to the people or the states. The power delegated to the federal government was significantly expanded by the Supreme Court decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), amendments to the Constitution following the Civil War, and by some later amendments—as well as the overall claim of the Civil War, that the states were legally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19993287",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the United States Congress\"\nof all citizens regardless of race, including voting rights, due process, and equal protection under the law. Generally militia forces are controlled by state governments, not Congress. Congress also has implied powers, which derive from the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution and permit Congress \"\"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.\"\" Broad interpretations of this clause and of the Commerce Clause, the enumerated power to regulate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5636677",
"chunk_text": "\"Politics of the United States\"\nPolitics of the United States The United States is a federal republic in which the President, Congress and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government, according to its Constitution. The federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. The executive branch is headed by the President and is formally independent of both the legislature and the judiciary. The cabinet serves as a set of advisers to the President. They include the Vice President and heads of the executive departments. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9385581",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Bill of Rights\"\nthe principles of separation of powers and federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved to the states or the people. The amendment provides no new powers or rights to the states, but rather preserves their authority in all matters not specifically granted to the federal government. Congress has sometimes circumvented the Tenth Amendment by invoking the Commerce Clause in Article One or by threatening to withhold funding for a federal program from noncooperative States, as in \"\"South Dakota v. Dole\"\" (1987). George Washington had fourteen handwritten",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6259584",
"chunk_text": "\"Article One of the United States Constitution\"\nbranches of the federal government. This separation of powers, by which each department may exercise only its own constitutional powers and no others, is fundamental to the idea of a limited government accountable to the people. The separation of powers principle is particularly noteworthy in regard to the Congress. The Constitution declares that the Congress may exercise only those legislative powers \"\"herein granted\"\" within Article I (as later limited by the Tenth Amendment). It also, by implied extension, prohibits Congress from delegating its legislative authority to either of the other branches of government, a rule known as the nondelegation doctrine.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2819066",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\nFederal government of the United States The Federal Government of the United States (U.S. Federal Government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic in North America, composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and several island possessions. The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the federal courts, respectively. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3570428",
"chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the United States\"\nThe Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution explicitly grants \"\"powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.\"\" The Supreme Court has been criticized for giving the federal government too much power to interfere with state authority. One criticism is that it has allowed the federal government to misuse the Commerce Clause by upholding regulations and legislation which have little to do with interstate commerce, but that were enacted under the guise of regulating interstate commerce; and by voiding state legislation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5783071",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\nlaws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers\"\". Members of the House and Senate are elected by first-past-the-post voting in every state except Louisiana and Georgia, which have runoffs. Congress has the power to remove the president, federal judges, and other federal officers from office. The House of Representatives and Senate have separate roles in this process. The House must first vote to \"\"impeach\"\" the official. Then, a trial is held in the Senate to decide whether the official should be removed from office. Although two presidents have been impeached by the House of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14304016",
"chunk_text": "\"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"\nThe former bestows federal legislative power exclusively to Congress, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the Supreme Court. These three articles create a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government. In addition to separation of powers and equally important to limited government, each independent and sovereign branch also provides checks and balances on the operation and power of the other two branches. The President's executive power is subject to two important limitations. First, the President lacks executive authority explicitly granted to Congress. Hence the President cannot declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15688772",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal jurisdiction (United States)\"\nFederal jurisdiction (United States) Federal jurisdiction refers to the legal scope of the government's powers in the United States of America. See the 1962 Federal Report titled \"\"JURISDICTION OVER FEDERAL AREAS WITHIN THE STATES\"\". The United States is a federal republic, governed by the U.S. Constitution, containing fifty states and a federal district which elect the President and Vice President, and having other territories and possessions in its national jurisdiction. This government is variously known as the Union, the United States, or the federal government. Under the Constitution and various treaties, the legal jurisdiction of the United States includes territories",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14979870",
"chunk_text": "\"Limited government\"\nLimited government In political philosophy, limited government is where the government is empowered by law from a starting point of having no power, or where governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution. It is a key concept in the history of liberalism. The United States Constitution presents an example of the federal government not possessing any power except what is delegated to it by the Constitution - with the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution specifically stating that powers not specifically delegated to the federal government is reserved for the people and the states. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14194311",
"chunk_text": "\"Separation of powers\"\nthe judiciary is kept independent, each branch controls the actions of others and balances its powers in some way. In the United States Constitution, Article 1 Section I gives Congress only those \"\"legislative powers herein granted\"\" and proceeds to list those permissible actions in Article I Section 8, while Section 9 lists actions that are prohibited for Congress. The vesting clause in Article II places no limits on the Executive branch, simply stating that, \"\"The Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.\"\" The Supreme Court holds \"\"The judicial Power\"\" according to Article III,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13247330",
"chunk_text": "\"Necessary and Proper Clause\"\nNecessary and Proper Clause The Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the elastic clause, is a clause in of the United States Constitution that is as follows: According to the Articles of Confederation, \"\"each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation \"\"expressly\"\" delegated\"\" (emphasis added). Thus, the Continental Congress had no powers incidental to those which were \"\"expressly delegated\"\" by the Articles of Confederation. By contrast, the Necessary and Proper Clause expressly confers incidental powers upon Congress, while no other clauses in the Constitution do so by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4659701",
"chunk_text": "\"Nondelegation doctrine\"\nthe nondelegation doctrine, the Court declined to consider that question. However, Justice Kennedy, in a concurring opinion, wrote that he would have found the statute to violate the exclusive responsibility for laws to be made by Congress. The original Bill of Rights approved by the House of Representatives included a Sixteenth Article, which stated that \"\"(t)he powers delegated by the Constitution to the government of the United States, shall be exercised as therein appropriated, so that the Legislative shall never exercise the powers vested in the Executive or Judicial; nor the Executive the powers vested in the Legislative or Judicial;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5783081",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\nPresident of the Senate; this means that he or she is the designated presiding officer of the Senate. In that capacity, the vice president has the authority (\"\"ex officio\"\", for they are not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a tie-breaking vote. Pursuant to the Twelfth Amendment, the vice president presides over the joint session of Congress when it convenes to count the vote of the Electoral College. As first in the U.S. presidential line of succession, the vice president's duties and powers move to the executive branch when becoming president upon the death, resignation, or removal of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "35376",
"chunk_text": "\"Nondelegation doctrine\"\nNondelegation doctrine The doctrine of nondelegation is the theory that one branch of government must not authorize another entity to exercise the power or function which it is constitutionally authorized to exercise itself. It is explicit or implicit in all written constitutions that impose a strict structural separation of powers. It is usually applied in questions of constitutionally improper delegations of powers of any of the three branches of government to either of the other, to the administrative state, or to private entities. Although it is usually constitutional for executive officials to delegate executive powers to executive branch subordinates, there",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6259445",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\nUnited States Constitution The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6259577",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Constitution\"\nUnited States Constitution The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17824389",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\njudicial power extends to cases arising under the Constitution, an Act of Congress; a U.S. treaty; cases affecting ambassadors, ministers and consuls of foreign countries in the U.S.; cases and controversies to which the federal government is a party; controversies between states (or their citizens) and foreign nations (or their citizens or subjects); and bankruptcy cases (collectively \"\"federal-question jurisdiction\"\"). The Eleventh Amendment removed from federal jurisdiction cases in which citizens of one state were the plaintiffs and the government of another state was the defendant. It did not disturb federal jurisdiction in cases in which a state government is a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2819122",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\ngovernments tend to have the greatest influence over most Americans' daily lives. The Tenth Amendment prohibits the federal government from exercising any power not delegated to it by the States in the Constitution; as a result, states handle the majority of issues most relevant to individuals within their jurisdiction. Because state governments are not authorized to print currency, they generally have to raise revenue through either taxes or bonds. As a result, state governments tend to impose severe budget cuts or raise taxes any time the economy is faltering. Each state has its own written constitution, government and code of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19153898",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the United States Congress\"\nPowers of the United States Congress Powers of the United States Congress are implemented by the United States Constitution, defined by rulings of the Supreme Court, and by its own efforts and by other factors such as history and custom. It is the chief legislative body of the United States. Some powers are explicitly defined by the Constitution and are called \"\"enumerated powers\"\"; others have been assumed to exist and are called \"\"implied powers\"\". Article I of the Constitution sets forth most of the powers of Congress, which include numerous explicit powers enumerated in Section 8. Constitutional amendments have granted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14979876",
"chunk_text": "\"Limited government\"\ndominion over every facet of the people's lives, and that the federal government is not the only entity with governmental power in the United States. The Ninth Amendment reads “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others held by the people.” This shows the federal government doesn't have the ability to infringe upon the rights of the people in any circumstance, even if the rights aren't explicitly protected by the Constitution. The Tenth Amendment states “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9789072",
"chunk_text": "\"Limited government\"\nthe Constitution, hence a system of checks and balances was set in place. Limited government In political philosophy, limited government is where the government is empowered by law from a starting point of having no power, or where governmental power is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution. It is a key concept in the history of liberalism. The United States Constitution presents an example of the federal government not possessing any power except what is delegated to it by the Constitution - with the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution specifically stating that powers not specifically delegated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8518641",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal jurisdiction (United States)\"\nhigher court. Federal jurisdiction (United States) Federal jurisdiction refers to the legal scope of the government's powers in the United States of America. See the 1962 Federal Report titled \"\"JURISDICTION OVER FEDERAL AREAS WITHIN THE STATES\"\". The United States is a federal republic, governed by the U.S. Constitution, containing fifty states and a federal district which elect the President and Vice President, and having other territories and possessions in its national jurisdiction. This government is variously known as the Union, the United States, or the federal government. Under the Constitution and various treaties, the legal jurisdiction of the United States",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9012131",
"chunk_text": "\"Nullification (U.S. Constitution)\"\ngiven the power to determine whether federal laws are consistent with the Constitution, with the Supreme Court having final authority. Thus, the federal courts have held that under the Constitution, federal law is controlling over state law, and the final power to determine whether federal laws are unconstitutional has been delegated to the federal courts. The courts therefore have held that the states do not have the power to nullify federal law. The concept of nullification of federal law by the states was not discussed at the Constitutional Convention. The records of the Constitutional Convention therefore do not provide support",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4024086",
"chunk_text": "\"Civil liberties in the United States\"\nCivil liberties in the United States Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by (as opposed to privileges granted to) citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. Civil liberties are simply defined as individual legal and constitutional protections from entities more powerful than an individual, for example, parts of the government, other individuals, or corporations. The liberties explicitly defined, make up the Bill of Rights, including freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "143539",
"chunk_text": "\"Separation of powers under the United States Constitution\"\nconsisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives—and § 7—requiring every bill passed by the House and Senate, before becoming law, to be presented to the president, and, if he disapproves, to be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House—represents the Framers' decision that the legislative power of the Federal Government be exercised in accord with a single, finely wrought and exhaustively considered procedure. This procedure is an integral part of the constitutional design for the separation of powers. Further rulings clarified the case; even both Houses acting together cannot override Executive vetos without a majority. Legislation may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2819126",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal government of the United States\"\nof alcohol and the keeping of animals. The highest elected official of a town or city is usually the mayor. In New England, towns operate in a direct democratic fashion, and in some states, such as Rhode Island, Connecticut, and some parts of Massachusetts, counties have little or no power, existing only as geographic distinctions. In other areas, county governments have more power, such as to collect taxes and maintain law enforcement agencies. Federal government of the United States The Federal Government of the United States (U.S. Federal Government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15860420",
"chunk_text": "\"Separation of powers under the United States Constitution\"\nConcurrent powers are those that are given to both state and federal governments. There are also powers that are not lined out in the Constitution that are given to the federal government. These powers are then given to the states in a system called federalism. Congress is one of the branches of government so it has a lot of powers of its own that it uses to pass laws and establish regulations. These include express, implied, and concurrent powers. It uses its express powers to regulate bankruptcies, business between states and other nations, the armed forces, and the National Guard",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2688190",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Congress\"\ndue process, and equal protection under the law. Generally militia forces are controlled by state governments, not Congress. Congress also has implied powers deriving from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause which permit Congress to \"\"make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.\"\" Broad interpretations of this clause and of the Commerce Clause, the enumerated power to regulate commerce, in rulings such as McCulloch v Maryland, have effectively widened the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19993286",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the United States Congress\"\nBlood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.” Congress is also granted a power by Article IV Section 3: “The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.” Other congressional powers have been granted, or confirmed, by constitutional amendments. The Thirteenth (1865), Fourteenth (1868), and Fifteenth Amendments (1870) gave Congress authority to enact legislation to enforce rights",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13277510",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers of the President of the United States\"\ngovernments, and negotiate treaties with other nations, which become binding on the United States when approved by two-thirds of the Senate. The president may also negotiate executive agreements with foreign powers that are not subject to Senate confirmation. The Constitution does not expressly grant the president additional powers in times of national emergency. However, many scholars think that the Framers implied these powers because the structural design of the Executive Branch enables it to act faster than the Legislative Branch. Because the Constitution remains silent on the issue, the courts cannot grant the Executive Branch these powers when it tries",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_916
|
which president of the united states was a boy scout?
|
n/a
|
[
"Gerald Ford",
"President Gerald Ford"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "12129859",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nsecond-class councils with volunteer commissioners could keep five cents. The first annual meeting was held in February 1911 at the White House. It was agreed that the President of the United States— then William Howard Taft —was to be the honorary president of the BSA. Every U.S. president since has been elected by the Executive Board as the honorary president of the BSA. Former President Theodore Roosevelt was selected as the Chief Scout Citizen and honorary vice-president. Gifford Pinchot was selected as Chief Woodsman. The new edition of the handbook– \"\"The Official Handbook for Boys\"\" was published. West was elevated",
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"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America membership controversies\"\nPresident of the United States William Howard Taft began serving as the first Honorary President of the Boy Scouts of America in 1911; the tradition has been followed by each succeeding U.S. President. In July 2001, President George W. Bush addressed the National Scout Jamboree via videotape and, although he did not directly discuss the controversies, reiterated his support for the organization. Bush commended the Scouts for upholding \"\"values that build strong families, strong communities, and strong character\"\" and said that the Scouts' values \"\"are the values of America.\"\" In January 2009, the American Humanist Association and eighteen other nontheistic",
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"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America\"\nBoy Scouts Headquarters and, by some accounts, Baden-Powell. Upon his return to the US, Boyce incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910. Edgar M. Robinson and Lee F. Hanmer became interested in the nascent BSA and convinced Boyce to turn the program over to the YMCA for development in April 1910. Robinson enlisted Seton, Beard, Charles Eastman, and other prominent leaders in the early youth movements. Former president Theodore Roosevelt, who had long complained of the decline in American manhood, became an ardent supporter. In January 1911, Robinson turned the movement over to James E. West who",
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"chunk_id": "13738613",
"chunk_text": "\"American Boy Scouts\"\nAmerican Boy Scouts The American Boy Scouts (ABS), officially American Boy Scout then United States Boy Scouts, officially United States Boy Scout, was an early American Scouting organization formed by William Randolph Hearst in 1910, following on from the formation of the Scouting movement by Robert Baden-Powell between 1903 and 1907. Near the end of its existence, the organizations also used the names American Cadets and U.S. Junior Military Forces. The ABS was the rival of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) similar to the situation in the United Kingdom with Baden Powell's Boy Scouts and the British Boys Scouts",
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"page_id": 3
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"chunk_id": "5539883",
"chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\nthe All-Star Game, or the World Series, usually with much fanfare. The President of the United States has served as the honorary president of the Boy Scouts of America since the founding of the organization. Other presidential traditions are associated with American holidays. Rutherford B. Hayes began in 1878 the first White House egg rolling for local children. Beginning in 1947, during the Harry S. Truman administration, every Thanksgiving the president is presented with a live domestic turkey during the annual National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation held at the White House. Since 1989, when the custom of \"\"pardoning\"\" the turkey was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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"chunk_id": "9344146",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nof the Boy Scout program. Paul Sleman, Colin H. Livingstone, Ernest S. Martin and James E. West successfully lobbied Congress for a congressional charter for the BSA–partly as a way to deal with competition from the Lone Scouts of America, which President Woodrow Wilson signed on June 15, 1916. It reads: During the war, radio transmitters were regulated, and Scouts were called to look for unauthorized units. Scouts were used as message runners, coast watchers, and were to be alert for men who had not reported for duty. Over $352 million of war bonds were sold by Scouts along with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
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"chunk_id": "17107167",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America\"\n100 Best\"\" by \"\"Reader's Digest\"\". President Gerald Ford said, \"\"I can say without hesitation, because of Scouting principles, I know I was a better athlete, I was a better naval officer, I was a better congressman, and I was a better prepared President.\"\" Famed American illustrator Norman Rockwell's works were closely associated with the Boy Scouts of America for much of the 20th century. Beginning in 1913, Rockwell began illustrating covers of \"\"Boys' Life\"\", the magazine for BSA youth. He also drew the organization's annual calendar illustrations between 1925 and 1976. In 1969, as a tribute to Rockwell's 75th birthday,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
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"chunk_id": "4280018",
"chunk_text": "\"National Scout jamboree (Boy Scouts of America)\"\ngateway to display trademarks of their council or state. Gateways ranged from the very simple to the extremely elaborate. Complex gateways were eliminated beginning in 2013 to match World Jamboree standards of providing standard camping equipment upon arrival, thus allowing contingents to travel by air. Typically opening and closing shows are planned that celebrate and promote Scouting brotherhood. Attended by all participants, staff, and visitors, crowds can be large in excess of 50,000 persons. Speeches are made by dignitaries. Presidents Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Johnson, George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, Trump, Vice President Nixon, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_id": "9344145",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nof Light and led by Akela. \"\"Webelos\"\" was also an acronym meaning \"\"Wolf, Bear, Lion, Scout\"\". The initial rank structure was Wolf, Bear and Lion, with ages of 9, 10 and 11. Dens of six to eight Cubs were entirely led by a Boy Scout holding the position of den chief. Boy Scouts served as crowd control at the inauguration of President Woodrow Wilson in 1913, and have served at every inauguration since in some ceremonial role. The Philadelphia Area Council started a Scout honor society called the Order of the Arrow in 1915 that eventually became an important part",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
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"chunk_id": "17107126",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America\"\nJames E. West successfully lobbied Congress for a federal charter for the BSA which President Woodrow Wilson signed on June 15, 1916. One of the principal reasons for seeking a congressional charter was as a way to deal with competition from other Scout organizations including the United States Boy Scouts and the Lone Scouts of America, The 1916 statute of incorporation established this institution among a small number of other patriotic and national organizations which are similarly chartered, such as the Girl Scouts of the USA, the Civil Air Patrol, the American Legion, the Red Cross, Little League Baseball, and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)\"\naward include Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton, Marriott International CEO J. W. Marriott, Jr., and Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City and founder of Bloomberg L.P. Eagle Scouts who have held public office include 38th President of the United States Gerald R. Ford, 22nd U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, 13th and 21st U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, 69th U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court Stephen Breyer and 84th U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions. In academia, Eagle Scouts are represented by Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction-winner E.O. Wilson, E. Gordon Gee, former",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "13738621",
"chunk_text": "\"American Boy Scouts\"\nrepresented by Charles Evans Hughes, former Governor of New York and former U.S. Supreme Court Justice. Testimony included an affidavit from Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the international Scout Movement, on the origins of the Scout Movement. In 1919, the New York Supreme Court, a trial court, granted the BSA an injunction and the USBS was barred from using the terms \"\"Boy Scout\"\", \"\"Scout\"\", \"\"Scouting\"\", or any variation thereof. The organization changed its name and carried on for a few more years as the American Cadets and the U.S. Junior Military Forces before finally dissolving. American Boy Scouts The American Boy",
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "17107146",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America\"\nday-to-day operations of the National Council are administered by the Chief Scout Executive and other national professional staff. National Council members include volunteers who are elected National Officers and Executive Board members, regional presidents, the local council representatives, members at large, and honorary members. The national headquarters has been in Irving, Texas since 1979. Since the founding of the BSA in 1910, the President of the United States has served as the organization's honorary president during his term in office, former presidents serve as honorary vice presidents for their lifetimes. The BSA National Executive Board governs the organization. The 2015",
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "13073894",
"chunk_text": "\"Scouting in the United States\"\nE. West who became the first Chief Scout Executive and the Scouting movement began to expand in the U.S. Other Scouting organizations were also started around 1910 and continued for some time. These include the American Boy Scouts, the Polish National Alliance Scouts of Chicago, and the Rhode Island Scouts, the YMMIA Scouts of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (formed November 29, 1911 merged May 21, 1913), United Boys' Brigade of America's Scout program and California Boy Scouts. The American Boy Scouts were organized by William Randolph Hearst in May and June 1910 but by the end",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_id": "5939236",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America\"\nMany famous Americans are Eagle Scouts: astronaut Neil Armstrong, film director Michael Moore, TV host Mike Rowe, Steven Spielberg, Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, and President Gerald Ford are just a small sample of Eagle Scouts. Starting in February 2019, girls will be eligible to earn ranks and merit badges including Eagle Scout, following the same requirements as the boys. There will even be extra time afforded to girls and boys 16 years or older joining Scouts BSA to complete all Eagle Scout requirements since the minimum time required is about 18 months. Additionally, this first class",
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "9296651",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scout Memorial\"\nof masculine attire. The female figure symbolizes enlightenment with the love of God and fellow man, justice, freedom, and democracy. She holds the eternal flame of God's Holy Spirit.\"\" The sculpture was founded by Modern Art Foundry in New York. In 1959, the 50th anniversary year of Scouting, Lyndon B. Johnson, then Senate majority leader, introduced a measure to establish the memorial. Upon approval, funds for the sculpture were raised by Boy Scouts collecting dimes throughout the country, therefore no government spending was used. The names of all the collecting Scouts are inscribed on scrolls that are placed inside the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_id": "17107120",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America\"\namong some people that young men were no longer learning patriotism and individualism. The YMCA was an early promoter of reforms for young men with a focus on social welfare and programs of mental, physical, social and religious development. BSA had two notable predecessors in the United States: the Woodcraft Indians started by Ernest Thompson Seton in 1902 in Cos Cob, Connecticut, and the Sons of Daniel Boone founded by Daniel Carter Beard in 1905 in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1907, Robert Baden-Powell, founded the Scouting movement in England using elements of Seton's works among other influences. Several Scout programs for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
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"chunk_id": "9344150",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nto West and Livingstone. West was persuaded to write the constitution and by-laws for what became the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). As part of the world movement, the BSA adopted the left handshake and a new uniform: the high collar jacket was replaced by a shirt and neckerchief and shorts were added as an option. With a high concentration of troops in the New York City area, administration started to become burdensome. In 1921, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was persuaded to head a foundation overseeing the New York borough councils. Dr. George J. Fisher, a YMCA administrator, was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15869455",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nan escalating conflict between Daniel Carter Beard and Ernest Thompson Seton over who should be considered the founder of the BSA. Elements of this story, including the fog, may have been borrowed from a story concerning the Rhode Island Boy Scouts. Boyce returned to the United States and with Edward S. Stewart and Stanley D. Willis. He incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910 and applied for a congressional charter. The bill was tied up with a charter for the Rockefeller Foundation and Boyce withdrew it after many delays. Around this time, William Randolph Hearst, a rival",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "3866747",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America membership controversies\"\nJones and the Last Crusade\"\" and helping to create the Cinematography merit badge. Spielberg resigned from the BSA Advisory Council in 2001, saying, \"\"it has deeply saddened me to see the Boy Scouts of America actively and publicly participating in discrimination.\"\" In March 2013, Microsoft founder and former Scout Bill Gates called on the BSA to lift the ban. The Democratic and Republican 2012 Presidential candidates - Barack Obama and Mitt Romney - both disagreed with the BSA's policy. Some troops have ignored the ban for years. Every year when it comes time to renew its charter, troops simply cross",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "13738616",
"chunk_text": "\"American Boy Scouts\"\nM. Levy first vice president, Charles P. Devare second vice president, James R. O'Beirne treasurer and James F. McGrath secretary. The honorary vice presidents and founders included Col John Jacob Astor, William K Vanderbilt Jr., Major General Fred D. Grant, Lieutenant General Nelson A. Miles, General EA McAlpin, and Lieutenant General Adna R Chaffee. The American Boy Scouts of Rhode Island was founded by Charles E. Mulhearn on August 29, 1910, with the meeting of an executive committee. The next day, the Rhode Island committee requested a charter from the ABS New England Department Headquarters. Hearst had conflicts with the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "5814579",
"chunk_text": "\"National Scout jamboree (Boy Scouts of America)\"\nScouting, but was delayed two years after being cancelled due to a polio outbreak. The 1937 jamboree in Washington attracted 25,000 Scouts, who camped around the Washington Monument and Tidal Basin. The event was covered extensively by national media and attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Following the disruption of World War II, the next jamboree was not held until 1950 in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Subsequent jamborees have been held around the country as a means to promoting Scouting nationally. From 1981 to 2010, the jamboree was located in Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia. Since 2013, jamborees are permanently held at",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "15302281",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\na series of meetings in early 1910, the Woodcraft Indians led by Ernest Thompson Seton, the Boy Scouts of the United States headed by Colonel Peter Bomus and the National Scouts of America headed by Colonel William Verbeck were absorbed into the BSA. The National Highway Patrol Association Scouts headed by Colonel E. S. Cornell and the Boy Pioneers (formerly known as the Sons of Daniel Boone) headed by Daniel Carter Beard were folded. The BSA National Office opened in the 28th Street YMCA in New York City on June 1, 1910. The first managing secretary (the precursor to the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "5970202",
"chunk_text": "\"Arthur Rose Eldred\"\nArthur Rose Eldred Arthur Rose Eldred (August 16, 1895 – January 4, 1951) was an American agricultural and railroad industry executive, civic leader, and the first Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). As a 16-year-old candidate for the highest rank bestowed by the BSA, he was personally interviewed by a panel composed of the youth organization's founding luminaries, including Ernest Thompson Seton and Daniel Carter Beard. Eldred was awarded the coveted distinction of Eagle Scout on September 2, 1912, becoming the first of more than two million boys in the U.S. since then to earn Scouting's most",
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "13337009",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nHistory of the Boy Scouts of America The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) was inspired by and modeled on the Boy Scout Association, established by Baden-Powell in Britain in 1908. In the early 1900s, several youth organizations were active, and many became part of the BSA (see Scouting in the United States). The BSA was founded in 1910 and grew rapidly and became the largest youth organization in the United States. Early issues involved race, the \"\"younger boy problem,\"\" and the \"\"older boy problem.\"\" Troops initially followed local community policy on race. For younger boys, the Cubbing program arose and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ellsworth Hunt Augustus\"\nEllsworth Hunt Augustus Ellsworth Hunt \"\"Gus\"\" Augustus (November 23, 1897 – May 16, 1964) was an American businessman from Cleveland, Ohio who served as the tenth National president of the Boy Scouts of America. He lived in Waite Hill, Ohio with his wife, Elizabeth Good \"\"Betty\"\" Augustus until his death in May 1964. He was born on November 23, 1897 in Cleveland, Ohio. Ellsworth, an avid amateur golfer, once beat Bobby Jones at a charity golf event. He was characterized in a 1920 issue of \"\"Vanity Fair\"\" magazine as being the country's most powerful driver off the tee, demonstrating his",
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"chunk_text": "\"Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)\"\nit uses the standard knot emblem with a silver border. From 1912 to 1943 the BSA issued an index-sized card with information about the Eagle Scout. Wallet-size cards were introduced in 1944 and switched to a plastic credit card style in 1991. Certificates suitable for framing were first issued in 1944. As the honorary president of the BSA, the signature of the President of the United States appears on all certificates. Replacement of a card or certificate can be made by application through the National Eagle Scout Association (NESA). Eagle Scouts are expected to set an example for other Scouts",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "13337010",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nfor older boys, Rovering and Exploring programs were developed. Additional programs and changes have occurred over the years to adapt the program to the youth of the day. W. D. Boyce was an American newspaper man and entrepreneur. According to legend, he was lost on a foggy street in London when an unknown Scout came to his aid, guiding him back to his destination. The boy then refused Boyce's tip, explaining that he was merely doing his duty as a Boy Scout. Immediately afterwards, Boyce met with General Robert Baden-Powell, who was the head of the Boy Scout Association at",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nlimiting the size to 32 Scouts, the introduction of the troop committee and the senior patrol leader position. The Associate Scout, Veteran Scout and Pioneer Scout programs were introduced for Scouts with loose or no troop affiliation. Select paid commissioners in first class councils started to become the first Scout executives and an early professional development program was implemented. Theodore Roosevelt died in January 1919, Dan Beard lead a pilgrimage of Scouts to the grave in October in what became an annual event. The BSA sent a large contingent to the 1920 World Scout Jamboree. Baden-Powell presented the Silver Wolf",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "3468227",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nChief Scout Executive) was John Alexander, a YMCA administrator from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. By autumn BSA had 2,500 leader applications from 44 states and 150,900 youth inquiries. The National Council was formed in the fall of 1910 with Colin H. Livingstone as the national president, Robinson becoming the managing secretary (on a temporary leave from the YMCA) and Seton as Chief Scout. Beard, Bomus and Verbeck became the national Scout commissioners. Seton wrote \"\"A Handbook of Woodcraft, Scouting, and Life-craft\"\", the original edition of what is now the Boy Scout Handbook. It was hastily published and shipped to potential leaders for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
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"chunk_id": "5939257",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America\"\nbe used as a pejorative term for someone deemed to be overly idealistic. Prominent Americans in diverse walks of life, from filmmaker Steven Spielberg (who helped launch a merit badge in cinematography) to adventurer Steve Fossett to politicians, were BSA members as youths. Over two-thirds of all astronauts have had some type of involvement in Scouting, and eleven of the twelve men to walk on the Moon were Scouts, including Eagle Scouts Neil Armstrong and Charlie Duke. The pinewood derby—a wood car racing event for Cub Scouts—has been declared \"\"a celebrated rite of spring\"\" and was named part of \"\"America's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_text": "\"Winkler v. Rumsfeld\"\nnear Fredericksburg, Virginia. Scouts from all over the country camp together for ten days and participate in activities emphasizing physical fitness, appreciation of the outdoors, and patriotism. Seven Presidents have attended the jamboree since President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937. The jamboree grounds at Fort A.P. Hill are open to the public, and an estimated 300,000 visitors attended in 2005 along with 43,000 Scouts and their leaders. The 2010 Jamboree will celebrate the 100th Anniversary of Boy Scouts of America. The United States Congress has found that the military’s logistical support for the national Scout jamboree is an incomparable training",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_text": "\"Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)\"\nin 1968. In 1982, 13-year-old Alexander Holsinger of Normal, Illinois was recognized as the one-millionth Eagle Scout, and Anthony Thomas of Lakeville, Minnesota was the two-millionth in 2009. About 2.25 million Scouts had earned Eagle Scout through January 2014. In 2012, 57,976 Eagle Scout awards were presented, about seven percent of the 2012 membership. Four Nobel Prize laureates are known to be Eagle Scouts: Dudley R. Herschbach, Peter Agre, Robert Coleman Richardson, and Frederick Reines. On October 11, 2017, the Boy Scouts announced that in 2019, a program for older girls will be available, enabling girls to earn the rank",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "15110575",
"chunk_text": "\"Rapidan Camp\"\n\"\"Camp Hoover.\"\" As maintenance costs rose, however, the Scouts withdrew from the lease in 1958. In 1960, the structures built by the Boy Scouts and many decayed Hoover-era buildings were demolished, leaving only three of the original buildings. From 1960 to 1963, further rehabilitation work was done at camp. Some Presidents have expressed interest in the camp, but Jimmy Carter was the first President since FDR to visit. Until 1992, the camp was a vacation perk for high-ranking federal government officials, including Alaska Senator Ted Stevens and Vice President Walter Mondale, who was snowed in on one visit and had",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
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"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America membership controversies\"\nthe United States, the BSA has the right to freedom of association, as determined in the court case. In recent years, the policy disputes have led to litigation over the terms under which the BSA can access governmental resources, including public lands. These policies have led to various disputes and controversies. In 2012, both Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney and then President Barack Obama stated that they opposed the ban on gay Scouts. On May 23, 2013, the BSA's National Council approved a resolution to remove the restriction denying membership to youth on the basis of sexual orientation alone effective",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_text": "\"Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)\"\nglobally.\"\" In 2018, Boy Scouts officially stated plans to expand entry to include all females, and change the name of the program from \"\"Boy Scouts of America\"\" to \"\"Scouts BSA.\"\" Eleven Eagle Scouts have been awarded the Medal of Honor: Eugene B. Fluckey, Aquilla J. Dyess, Robert Edward Femoyer, Walter Joseph Marm, Jr., Mitchell Paige, Thomas R. Norris, Arlo L. Olson, Ben L. Salomon, Leo K. Thorsness, Jay Zeamer Jr. and Britt K. Slabinski. At least forty astronauts earned the rank as a youth, including Neil Armstrong and Charles Duke who walked on the moon. Businessmen who have earned the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_text": "\"William D. Boyce\"\nthe BSA. The much-needed leadership and management arrived when the Sons of Daniel Boone and Woodcraft Indians merged with the BSA. Boyce felt that Scouting's emphasis on outdoor activity was crucial in producing the type of leaders that America needed because youth reared in cities had too much done for them, whereas those from the country had to learn to do things for themselves. Scouting was focused on teaching self-reliance, citizenship, resourcefulness, patriotism, obedience, cheerfulness, courage, and courtesy in order \"\"to make men\"\". Boyce clashed with James E. West, the BSA's Chief Scout Executive, over a program for boys who",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America\"\nBoy Scouts of America The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) is one of the largest Scouting organizations and youth organizations in the United States, with more than 2.4 million youth participants and nearly one million adult volunteers. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, more than 110 million Americans have been participants in BSA programs at some time. The BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922. The mission of the Boy Scouts of America is to prepare young people to make",
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"chunk_id": "1967521",
"chunk_text": "\"Walter W. Head\"\nof America (BSA) held its first national Scout jamboree in Washington, D. C.. Head joined U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt and BSA Chief Scout Executive James E. West in a radio address to the nation from the Oval Office announcing the event in 1937. A year after the death of his wife (the former Della Thompson) in 1951, Head entered a nursing home due to Parkinson's disease and arteriosclerosis. He died of pneumonia at Stamford Hospital in Stamford, Connecticut, on May 3, 1954 and was survived by one daughter. Walter W. Head Walter William Head (December 18, 1877 – May",
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "15440240",
"chunk_text": "\"Scout Spirit\"\nS. Baden-Powell, and learned about Scouting from the chief Scout himself. On February 8, 1910, Boyce and a group of leaders founded the Boy Scouts of America. From that day forth, Scouts have celebrated February 8 as the birthday of Scouting in the United States. In the British Scout Training Centre at Gilwell Park, England, Scouts from the United States erected a statue of an American Buffalo in honor of this unknown Scout. The statue is inscribed, \"\"To the Unknown Scout Whose Faithfulness in the Performance of the Daily Good turn Brought the Scout Movement to the United States of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18611862",
"chunk_text": "\"James E. West (Scouting)\"\nJames E. West (Scouting) James Edward West (May 16, 1876 – May 15, 1948) was a lawyer and an advocate of children's rights, who became the first professional Executive Secretary, soon renamed Chief Scout Executive, of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), serving from 1911 to 1943. Upon his retirement from the BSA, West was given the title of \"\"Chief Scout\"\". West's father died around the time of his birth in Washington, D.C. His mother was hospitalized with tuberculosis in 1882 and young Jimmie was placed in the Washington City Orphan Home; his mother died later that year. In 1883,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17107121",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America\"\nboys started independently in the US. (see Scouting in the United States). Many of these Scout programs in the US merged with the BSA. In 1909, Chicago publisher W. D. Boyce was visiting London, where he encountered a boy who came to be known as the Unknown Scout. Boyce was lost on a foggy street when an unknown Scout came to his aid, guiding him to his destination. The boy then refused Boyce's tip, explaining that he was a Boy Scout and was merely doing his daily good turn. Interested in the Boy Scouts, Boyce met with staff at the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14455348",
"chunk_text": "\"Boy Scouts of America membership controversies\"\nagainst the Scouts' policies, or deferring to groups opposed to BSA's policies. However, he did send Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates to represent him, and other Presidents, such as Eisenhower and Reagan, had previously sent representatives to National Jamborees instead of attending personally. There are affiliated Scouting organizations in other countries with less restrictive membership criteria than the BSA by choice and/or because of nondiscrimination laws in their lands, as well as organizations with similar policies. In the United States, other major youth organizations tend to have less restrictive policies. Several youth development organizations have formed directly in response",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11969776",
"chunk_text": "\"Alvin Townley\"\nand track teams. He interned in the U.S. House of Representatives, then went to work for Arthur Andersen LLP, where he managed responsibilities for global strategy and communication in their Worldwide Executive Office. In his twenties, he began a one-year trek across the country to interview Eagle Scouts and discover the legacy of Scouting. The well-known Eagle Scouts Townley met include Michael Bloomberg, Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer, Ross Perot, Defense Secretary Robert Gates and Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, William H. Gates, Sr., J.W. Marriott, Jr., Bill Bradley, and Jim Lovell of Apollo 13. Others include Tuskegee Airman Percy Sutton,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6175663",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Boy Scouts of America\"\nawards were to Baden-Powell, the Unknown Scout (presented as a statue at Gilwell Park), W. D. Boyce, Livingstone, Storrow (posthumously) Beard, Seton and Robinson. Charles Lindbergh was elected as the 18th Honorary Scout in 1927 and awarded the Silver Buffalo in 1928. A number of \"\"Industrial Troops\"\" to reach boys already out of school and employed. The Rural Scouting program was expanded with the Railroad Scouting program in 1926. The BSA began expanding the Negro Scouting program: by 1927 thirty-two communities in the south had \"\"colored troops\"\", with twenty-six troops in Louisville, Kentucky. The junior assistant Scoutmaster position was created",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8390337",
"chunk_text": "\"William D. Boyce\"\nof America (BSA), one of many civic and professional organizations formed during the Progressive Era to fill the void of citizens who had become distended from their rural roots. Many youth organizations such as the Woodcraft Indians and Sons of Daniel Boone formed in America in the early 1900s focusing on outdoor character-building activities. The writings and adventures of Theodore Roosevelt contributed to these movements, with their outdoor, nature, and pioneer themes. By the time of his 1922 expedition to Africa, Boyce was so well respected in Scouting that French Boy Scouts in Algeria saluted him and offered to escort",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12856897",
"chunk_text": "\"Theodore Roosevelt\"\nexhibit masculine vigor. French historian Serge Ricard says, \"\"the ebullient apostle of the Strenuous Life offers ideal material for a detailed psycho-historical analysis of aggressive manhood in the changing socio-cultural environment of his era; McKinley, Taft, or Wilson would perhaps inadequately serve that purpose\"\". He promoted competitive sports and the Boy Scouts of America, founded in 1910, as the way forward. Brands shows that heroic displays of bravery were essential to Roosevelt's image and mission: Roosevelt was included with Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln at the Mount Rushmore Memorial, designed in 1927 with the approval of Republican",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11767098",
"chunk_text": "\"William D. Boyce\"\nis near the White House as part of The Extra Mile – Points of Light Volunteer Pathway. In 2005, the BSA introduced the William D. Boyce New Unit Organization Award, presented to the organizer of any new Scouting unit. William D. Boyce William Dickson Boyce (June 16, 1858 – June 11, 1929) was an American newspaper man, entrepreneur, magazine publisher, and explorer. He was the founder of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and the short-lived Lone Scouts of America (LSA). Born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, he acquired a love for the outdoors early in his life. After working as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19238365",
"chunk_text": "\"Paul J. Selva\"\nat the time serving as Commandant of the Marine Corps, to serve as the next Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Selva was nominated for a second term as Vice Chairman by President Donald Trump on May 16, 2017. Rating: Command pilot Hours flown: More than 3,100 Aircraft flown: C-5, C-17A, C-141B, C-37, KC-10, KC-135A and T-37 Selva, was acknowledged in President Obama's announcement speech on May 5, 2015. Selva achieved the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America in 1974. Paul J. Selva Paul Joseph Selva (born September 27, 1958) is a United States",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "33352",
"chunk_text": "\"Clifford H. Pope\"\n\"\"Honorary Scout\"\", a new category of Scout created that same year. This distinction was give to \"\"American citizens whose achievements in outdoor activity, exploration and worthwhile adventure are of such an exceptional character as to capture the imagination of boys...\"\". The other eighteen who were awarded this distinction were: Roy Chapman Andrews; Robert Bartlett; Frederick Russell Burnham; Richard E. Byrd; George Kruck Cherrie; James L. Clark; Merian C. Cooper; Lincoln Ellsworth; Louis Agassiz Fuertes; George Bird Grinnell; Charles A. Lindbergh; Donald B. MacMillan; George Palmer Putnam; Kermit Roosevelt; Carl Rungius; Stewart Edward White; Orville Wright. Starting in 1940 Pope worked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_917
|
where does the last name orozco originate from?
|
n/a
|
[
"Spanish/Basque origin"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "14637191",
"chunk_text": "Arrazola\nArrazola The surname Arrazola (\"\"also written as: de Arrazola, Arraçola, Arazola, Arazzola, etc.\"\") traces back to the Gipuzkoa province of Spain and stems from an historic family of lower Spanish nobility. A number of its members fulfilled high governmental, administrative and military functions in the Spanish Empire. While still present in current day Spain, name-bearers can also be found in Colombia, Mexico and Belgium. The earliest proof of the name Arrazola that refers to this specific family is a made in court cases before the Royal Audiencia and Chancillería of Valladolid from the early 15th century. Proofs of nobility ('Uradel')",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11753483",
"chunk_text": "Arrazola\nhistoric order: Arrazola The surname Arrazola (\"\"also written as: de Arrazola, Arraçola, Arazola, Arazzola, etc.\"\") traces back to the Gipuzkoa province of Spain and stems from an historic family of lower Spanish nobility. A number of its members fulfilled high governmental, administrative and military functions in the Spanish Empire. While still present in current day Spain, name-bearers can also be found in Colombia, Mexico and Belgium. The earliest proof of the name Arrazola that refers to this specific family is a made in court cases before the Royal Audiencia and Chancillería of Valladolid from the early 15th century. Proofs of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
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"chunk_id": "19396274",
"chunk_text": "Ochoa\n1.3% of El Salvador (1:861). In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:3,191) in the following autonomous communities: In Honduras, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:492) in the following departments: Ochoa Ochoa () is a Spanish surname of Basque origin common throughout Spain, France, the Americas, and the Philippines. It is a surname of patronymic origin; it was originally a given name in Medieval Spain. The name originated in the Basque Country and means \"\"wolf\"\" in the Basque language (spelled \"\"otsoa\"\" or \"\"otxoa\"\" in Standard Basque). There was also a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9970687",
"chunk_text": "\"Ocampo (surname)\"\nOcampo (surname) Ocampo is a surname of Galician origin. It derives from a common Galician toponym meaning 'the field', from the Galician definite article \"\"o\"\" (masculine singular) + \"\"campo\"\" 'field' (Latin \"\"campus\"\"), or a habitational name, from a town of the same name in Lugo, Galicia. As of 2014, 25.2% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"Ocampo\"\" were residents of the Philippines (frequency 1:1,207), 21.9% of Mexico (1:1,697), 21.9% of Colombia (1:653), 10.6% of Argentina (1:1,204), 5.7% of the United States (1:18,945), 2.0% of Paraguay (1:1,079), 1.8% of Peru (1:5,388), 1.7% of Ecuador (1:2,862), 1.6% of Nicaragua (1:1,150), 1.2%",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2827306",
"chunk_text": "\"Jiménez (surname)\"\nJiménez (surname) Jiménez (Galician and Portuguese: Ximenes, Catalan: Ximenis or Eiximenis) is a surname of Iberian origin, first appearing in the Basque lands. Jiménez is a patronymic construction from the modern-styled given name \"\"Jimeno\"\", plus the Spanish suffix \"\"-ez\"\", meaning \"\"son [of]\"\". The root appears to stem from Basque \"\"semen\"\" ('son'), attested in the Aquitanian inscriptions as \"\"Sembeconnis\"\" and like forms. Variants of the surname include the archaic Ximénez, Ximenes, as well as Giménez, Gimenes, Jimenes, Chiménez, Chimenes, Seménez and Semenes. In Spanish orthography, the variations of \"\"Jiménez\"\" that end with a \"\"z\"\" are written with an acute accent on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1138728",
"chunk_text": "Astete\nAstete Astete is a Spanish surname, from an ancient Basque - Castilian lineage. The etymology of \"\"Astete\"\" comes from the Basque language: \"\"Aste\"\" possibly a variation of \"\"Arte\"\" means oak, and \"\"ete\"\" is a suffix to nearby location. The most probable original locations, prior to the 16th century, are the regions of ancient Basque influence of the medieval Castile (such as La Bureba and the mountains of Burgos) and modern La Rioja. The earliest official records of Astetes occur in La Rioja, in Santo Domingo de la Calzada, in the province of Valladolid and Quintanaélez in the province of Burgos.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19396272",
"chunk_text": "Ochoa\nOchoa Ochoa () is a Spanish surname of Basque origin common throughout Spain, France, the Americas, and the Philippines. It is a surname of patronymic origin; it was originally a given name in Medieval Spain. The name originated in the Basque Country and means \"\"wolf\"\" in the Basque language (spelled \"\"otsoa\"\" or \"\"otxoa\"\" in Standard Basque). There was also a female given name \"\"Ochanda\"\" (meaning \"\"female wolf\"\", cf. the elegant tower in the old quarter of Vitoria-Gasteiz named after Ochanda, proper name of the daughter of a man responsible for revamping the tower in the 16th century) and \"\"Ochotorena \"\"or\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "346575",
"chunk_text": "\"Peña (surname)\"\nPeña (surname) Peña or de la Peña is a Spanish habitation surname. The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages. The earliest public record of the surname dates to the 13th century in the Valley de Mena (Burgos) in the Kingdom of Castile. The origin of the last name is in present-day Galicia, Spain. The Peñas lived, originally, near a cliff or rocky land. Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word \"\"peña\"\" meaning \"\"rock,\"\" \"\"crag\"\" or \"\"cliff.\"\" The bearers of this surname proved their noble descent in the Order of Saint James",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13551406",
"chunk_text": "\"Ríos\"\nRíos Rios or Ríos are Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician surnames. The name has numerous origins. In Germany, Italy, France, UK, and the Americas the Ríos surname can also be found in the surname history books . The name was derived from the Spanish word \"\"Rio,\"\" which means \"\"river\"\" (pronounced: Ree-Oess). The surname Ríos is a sign of ancestry which includes royals and nobles . Historians believe the Ríos family derived from the Royal House of Asturias . The original bearer of the name Ríos, which is a local surname, once lived, held land, or was born in the region of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18309779",
"chunk_text": "Vasquez\nalso adopted this surname. In Colombia and Argentina, there have been instances of \"\"Watzke\"\" and \"\"Watzka\"\" families, of German-Czech descent, Hispanicizing their surnames to \"\"Vasquez\"\". The surname was chosen as being the one most closely resembling their former name; in Italy a similar phenomenon was noted with some \"\"Watzke\"\" changing to \"\"Vasco\"\". There are also Spanish cognate surnames Velasco or Velázquez. Vasquez Vázquez (also spelled Vásquez, Vasques), in non Spanish-speaking countries often as Vazquez or Vasquez, is an originally Galician surname, in use not only in Galicia but all over Spanish-speaking world. To a lesser extent it also occurs in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12661008",
"chunk_text": "Benitez\nBenitez Benítez (, in Latin America: ; meaning \"\"son of Benito\"\") is a surname of Spanish origin. It is thought to have originated in Asturias, in the north of Spain. As of 2014, 23.6% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"Benítez\"\" were residents of Paraguay (1:37), 19.2% of Argentina (1:266), 16.3% of Mexico (1:910), 7.2% of Colombia (1:793), 6.4% of Spain (1:864), 4.5% of the United States (1:9,485), 3.6% of Venezuela (1:1,009), 3.4% of Honduras (1:306), 3.4% of the Philippines (1:3,520), 3.3% of Cuba (1:422), 2.4% of El Salvador (1:312) and 1.3% of Ecuador (1:1,424). In Spain, the frequency",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4923785",
"chunk_text": "\"Mejía (surname)\"\nMejía (surname) Mejía is a Spanish surname. Several theories exist as to its origins and etymology. The prevailing belief is that the name has Galician origins. The surname is most common in Spain and Latin American countries, including Colombia and Mexico. The surname may have originated as a toponym for the town of Muxia in Galicia, an autonomous community in north-western Spain. Another idea is that the word \"\"Mexia\"\" used to mean \"\"medicine\"\" in an old variant of Spanish, and that this is where the surname came from. One common belief is that the name may have Sephardic origins, from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2229049",
"chunk_text": "\"González (surname)\"\non its family crest and the Visigothic cultural origins of the nation of Spain. It is also taken to mean \"\"son of Gonzalo\"\", a name deriving from the Germanic \"\"Gunther\"\". Common spelling variations include: Gonzales, Gonzáles, Gonzalés, and Gonzalez (without an acute accent). The variant Consolus appears among people descended from a Spaniard with the surname Gonsález who settled in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam. As of 2014, 31.8% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"González\"\" were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:44), 10.8% of Spain (1:49), 10.0% of Venezuela (1:34), 7.4% of Argentina (1:66), 7.1% of the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9970688",
"chunk_text": "\"Ocampo (surname)\"\nof Honduras (1:2,217), 1.1% of Bolivia (1:2,818), 1.1% of Costa Rica (1:1,334) and 1.0% in Spain (1:14,442). In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:14,442) in the following autonomous communities: In Colombia, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:653) in the following departments: Ocampo (surname) Ocampo is a surname of Galician origin. It derives from a common Galician toponym meaning 'the field', from the Galician definite article \"\"o\"\" (masculine singular) + \"\"campo\"\" 'field' (Latin \"\"campus\"\"), or a habitational name, from a town of the same name in Lugo, Galicia. As of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13135401",
"chunk_text": "\"Basque surnames\"\nking of Aragón, Ramiro I of Aragon, was son of Sancho III of Navarre, grandson of García Sánchez II of Pamplona and great-grandson of Sancho Garcés II of Pamplona, all of them kings of Navarre who used the suffix \"\"-ez\"\" and that could have introduced it in this region. As a result of the Reconquista, the Douro basin was repopulated, most probably by people mainly coming from Navarre, Biscay, Cantabria or Alava, who used the suffix \"\"-ez\"\". Furthermore, it is possible that many of the most common patronymic Spanish surnames are not only of Basque-Navarrese origin, but also of royal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4994830",
"chunk_text": "Ozumba\nthe monks are flogging Cortés. The church itself inside has suffered the theft of a number of its antique pieces. The name Ozumba comes from Nahuatl meaning “over the streams of water”. “de Alzate” was added to the formal name in honor of the scientist José Antonio Alzate y Ramirez Santillana who was born here. The first human inhabitants were hunter-gatherers of various ethnicities. Later, the presence of the Olmecs helped to form the first sedentary agrarian societies. After this, the Nahua eventually became the dominant ethnicity. Most of these Nahuas were of the Xochimilca and Chichimeca tribes. By the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14266113",
"chunk_text": "\"Alegría (surname)\"\nsurname then spread to Latin America mostly coming from Navarra. Notable people with the surname include: Alegría (surname) Alegría is a Spanish surname native of the Basque Country, Spain. While some authors place the origin of this lineage in Navarre and Vitoria , most writers take as true that its origin comes from the natives of Alegría de Oria, district of Tolosa, in the province of Guipuzkoa . Branches from the very old houses of the Basque Country and Navarre went to other places in Spain, as some of their knights went to Andalusia to serve the Catholic Monarchs in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13456587",
"chunk_text": "\"Pazmiño\"\nPazmiño Pazmiño ( ) is a Spanish language surname of Sephardi judaeo-converso origin, and originating in its present-day form in what is today Ecuador, formerly the Royal Audience of Quito. The surname is carried by the descendants of members of a family of Sephardi Jews from Llerena, Spain that converted to Catholicism in the late 15th century, at the dawn of the Spanish Inquisition. Sephardi Jewish converts to Catholicism have throughout time been variously termed anusim, conversos and marranos, each with differing connotations, the latter being pejorative. In the early 16th century, during the first decades of Spanish colonization of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8274329",
"chunk_text": "\"Huastec people\"\nHuastec people The Huastec or Téenek (contraction of \"\"Te' Inik\"\", \"\"people from here\"\"; also known as Huaxtec, Wastek or Huastecos), are an indigenous people of Mexico, living in the La Huasteca region including the states of Hidalgo, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas concentrated along the route of the Pánuco River and along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. There are approximately 66,000 Huastec speakers today, of which two-thirds are in San Luis Potosí and one-third in Veracruz, although their population was probably much higher, as much as half a million, when the Spanish arrived in 1529. The ancient",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "913943",
"chunk_text": "\"House of Sáenz de Oiza (surname)\"\nFernando. These name is from a pre-invasion of Spain by the Moors, that is, going back to Visigoth period (7th to 9th century). Its origin is cited in the mountains of Santander, but also had lineage in Vizcaya, La Rioja and Navarra. What does appear clear is the enormous difficulty for joint research to those patronymic surname (habitation surname) derived from large families that carry no kinship links between them. In the mountains of Santander there are two houses of this lineage, \"\"Nestares\"\" place in 1545 and the \"\"de Rozas\"\", in 1590. Both duly proved their nobility. Another family named",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "247488",
"chunk_text": "\"Alegría (surname)\"\nAlegría (surname) Alegría is a Spanish surname native of the Basque Country, Spain. While some authors place the origin of this lineage in Navarre and Vitoria , most writers take as true that its origin comes from the natives of Alegría de Oria, district of Tolosa, in the province of Guipuzkoa . Branches from the very old houses of the Basque Country and Navarre went to other places in Spain, as some of their knights went to Andalusia to serve the Catholic Monarchs in the conquest of Granada. Others went to Murcia and settled in the town of Totana. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2827309",
"chunk_text": "\"Jiménez (surname)\"\nactress, Mariana Ximenes, are prime examples of this historical difference. The Jiménez dynasty in 905 became kings of Pamplona, eventually expanding control to most of Christian Spain. Jiménez (surname) Jiménez (Galician and Portuguese: Ximenes, Catalan: Ximenis or Eiximenis) is a surname of Iberian origin, first appearing in the Basque lands. Jiménez is a patronymic construction from the modern-styled given name \"\"Jimeno\"\", plus the Spanish suffix \"\"-ez\"\", meaning \"\"son [of]\"\". The root appears to stem from Basque \"\"semen\"\" ('son'), attested in the Aquitanian inscriptions as \"\"Sembeconnis\"\" and like forms. Variants of the surname include the archaic Ximénez, Ximenes, as well as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13135397",
"chunk_text": "\"Basque surnames\"\nBasque \"\"gartzea\"\", 'the young'. Medieval Basque names follow this descriptive naming pattern about the person, pointing to physical features (\"\"Gutia\"\", \"\"Motza\"\", \"\"Okerra\"\", \"\"Ezkerro\"\", \"\"Zuria\"\", etc.), family relations or geographical origin, e.g. Eneko (Spanish \"\"Íñigo\"\") may be a hypocoristic mother-to-child addressing, 'my little'. In the Middle Ages, a totemic animal figure often stood for the person's presumable features. \"\"Otxoa\"\" (\"\"wolf\"\") was a Basque version of the Romance name \"\"Lope\"\", or the other way round, with an early medieval prevalence all around the Pyrenees and west into the Cantabrian Mountains. It is now a surname, like its akin \"\"Otxotorena\"\" ('little wolf's house',",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8891585",
"chunk_text": "\"Basque surnames\"\nand aristocratic background. It is logical to assume that the royal families from Leon, Navarre, Aragón and the aristocracy of Biscay, Alava or La Rioja would have had larger numbers of offspring than the regular population given their greater financial means and longer life expectancy. The grammar of the patronymic endings \"\"-ez\"\", \"\"-iz\"\" or \"\"-oz\"\" is very similar to that of their use to denote origin or content such as \"\"egurrez\"\" (made of wood), \"\"harriz\"\" (made of stone) or \"\"ardoz bete\"\" (full of wine). In Basque, -z is added to the end of the word if it ends in vowel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15251772",
"chunk_text": "Benitez\nof the surname was higher than national average (1:864) in the following autonomous communities: In Paraguay, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:37) in the following departments: Benitez Benítez (, in Latin America: ; meaning \"\"son of Benito\"\") is a surname of Spanish origin. It is thought to have originated in Asturias, in the north of Spain. As of 2014, 23.6% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"Benítez\"\" were residents of Paraguay (1:37), 19.2% of Argentina (1:266), 16.3% of Mexico (1:910), 7.2% of Colombia (1:793), 6.4% of Spain (1:864), 4.5% of the United States (1:9,485),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18309778",
"chunk_text": "Vasquez\nVasquez Vázquez (also spelled Vásquez, Vasques), in non Spanish-speaking countries often as Vazquez or Vasquez, is an originally Galician surname, in use not only in Galicia but all over Spanish-speaking world. To a lesser extent it also occurs in Portuguese-speaking countries, where Vasco as surname predominates. Vasquez means \"\"[son] of Vasco\"\" and Vasco comes from the pre-Roman latinized name \"\"Velascus\"\" - a name of uncertain origin and meaning, but probably meaning Basque or Iberian. In Galician-Portuguese the pre-Roman name becomes Velascu > Veascu > Vaasco > Vasco. It is known that in some Spanish-speaking countries, families of non-Iberian ancestry have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17811226",
"chunk_text": "\"Name of Mexico\"\nAmerica, and on some occasions in the Iberian Peninsula, even though in most official or regional languages of Spain (Asturian, Leonese and Catalan) and Portuguese, the \"\"x\"\" is still pronounced . Name of Mexico The name of Mexico has several hypotheses that entail the origin, history, and use of the name \"\"Mexico\"\", which dates back to 14th century Mesoamerica. The Nahuatl word \"\"Mexico\"\" means \"\"place of the Mexica\"\" but the ethnonym \"\"Mexicatl\"\" itself is of unknown etymology. An alternate possibility is that the name may come from the word \"\"mexixin\"\", a cress that grew in the swamplands of Lake Texcoco.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12339475",
"chunk_text": "Macias\nMacias Macias (or more commonly Macías) is a Spanish surname found to varying degrees in Europe and Latin America. Within Spain, its frequency is highest in Extremadura, followed by Andalusia, the Canary Islands and Castile and León. In Mexico, there are concentrations in Los Altos de Jalisco, Tamaulipas, and along the Texas-Mexico border. There is no singular theory as to the origin of Macías. A long-standing argument over its origin revolves around whether or not it is of a Sephardi origin. Some argue that Macías originates from the Spanish version of the Hebraic term for the Messiah, while others hold",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18697691",
"chunk_text": "Temazcal\nVolcanic stones are safe because they do not explode from the temperature. They are then placed in a pit located in the center or near a wall of the temazcal. Temazcal A temazcal () is a type of sweat lodge which originated with pre-Hispanic Indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica. The word temazcal comes from the Nahuatl word (\"\"house of heat\"\"), or possibly from the Nahua words (to bathe) and (house). Temazcal in English is also written as temezcal, temascal, or temescal. In ancient Mesoamerica it was used as part of a curative ceremony thought to purify the body after exertion such",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2229048",
"chunk_text": "\"González (surname)\"\nGonzález (surname) González is a Spanish surname. In Spain, González is the second most common surname with 2.08% of the population having this surname. González is also a common surname in Latin America. It is one of the five most common surnames in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, and Venezuela, making it one of the most common surnames in the Spanish-speaking world. In the United States, González ranked as the 13th most common surname in 2017. González is of Spanish origin, deriving from the Visigothic / ancient Germanic term for a castle, \"\"gunþo(guntho)-salaz\"\" meaning \"\"war hall\"\", as evidenced by the castle",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13135394",
"chunk_text": "\"Basque surnames\"\nBasque surnames Basque surnames refer to surnames with a Basque-language origin or a long, identifiable tradition in the Basque Country. They can be divided into two main types, patronymic and non-patronymic. The patronymics such as Munioitz, Santxez or Santxitz, and Diaitz (Spanish spellings: Muñoz, Sánchez, and Díaz) are the most common and ancient. The Basque monarchy, including the first king of Pamplona, Iñigo Iñigitz, or Eneko Aritza, were the first to use this type of surname. Patronymics are by far the most common surnames in the whole of the Basque Autonomic Community and Navarre. The non-patronymic surnames are often toponymic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10312913",
"chunk_text": "\"Basque surnames\"\nspelling variants. Outside the Basque Country, Basque surnames are often found in Spain and France, the former Spanish colonies in parts of South America and the Philippines and parts of the United States such as Idaho where substantial numbers of Basques emigrated to. These are Basque surnames that are well-known or famous around the world. Basque surnames Basque surnames refer to surnames with a Basque-language origin or a long, identifiable tradition in the Basque Country. They can be divided into two main types, patronymic and non-patronymic. The patronymics such as Munioitz, Santxez or Santxitz, and Diaitz (Spanish spellings: Muñoz, Sánchez,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11088947",
"chunk_text": "\"García (surname)\"\nGarcía (surname) Garcia or García is an Iberian surname common throughout Spain, Portugal, parts of France, the Americas, and the Philippines. It is a surname of patronymic origin; \"\"García\"\" was a very common first name in early medieval Iberian Peninsula. Possibly a Basque surname called \"\"Gaztea\"\", and later was Castilianized, into the medieval Kingdom of Castile, becoming \"\"García\"\". It is attested since the high Middle Ages north and south of the Pyrenees (Basque Culture Territories), with the surname (sometimes first name too) thriving especially on the Kingdom of Navarre and spreading out to Castile and other Spanish regions. Alfonso Irigoyen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13135403",
"chunk_text": "\"Basque surnames\"\n(as in Muñoz, offspring of Munio) or -ez if the word ends in consonant (as in Antúnez, offspring of Anton). This grammar structure is not always the case in the patronymic surnames, e.g., González, offspring of Gonzalo. However, in documents of the 10th, 11th and 12th century linked to the Monastery of Santa Maria de Nájera, we find old versions of these surnames such as Galindoz, Enecoz, Albaroz, Ordonioz, Munioz de Alava o Lopiz de Bizcaya. It is possible that the proper Basque grammar of the patronymic was lost as its use was extended south of the Basque country. During",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2444892",
"chunk_text": "\"Carballo (name)\"\nCarballo (name) Carballo is originally a (Spanish, Galician, Catalan and Basque), surname. The surname derived from both a (Galician) and (Portuguese) word meaning Oak, referring to the families settlement's surroundings of forest on mountainous terrain in A Coruña, Galicia, the north western part of Spain. Throughout the years the surname has become more frequent among other countries and the name has had variances in its spelling. It widely became renowned in the early 1600s in the Spanish colonization of the Americas or New Spain and greatly expanded during the 1800s. Spreading from South America, Central America, Mexico and North America,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13689259",
"chunk_text": "Villacorta\nVillacorta Villacorta is a Spanish surname. Spelling variations of this family surname include Villacreses, Villacrecis, and Villacrusis. It was first found in Andalusia, in Southern Spain, the chief city being Seville and ancient pre-Roman Iberian town. Some of the first settlers of this family name were: Andres de Villacorta, who arrived in Americas in 1812, and Diego de Villacorta, who landed in America in 1814. This Spanish surname Villacorta is such a name literally meaning one who came from a \"\"villa\"\" which was a Spanish habitation name from any of the numerous places so called, which acquired their name from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7365525",
"chunk_text": "\"Amaya (Spanish-language name)\"\nAmaya (Spanish-language name) Amaya is a given name and surname of Spanish origins, derived from the village of Amaya and its neighboring mountain in Castile and León, Spain. The name of the village, in turn, has Indo-European roots and means \"\"am (ma)\"\" or \"\"mother\"\". The suffix io-ia is also used to form action names or toponyms, implying that the meaning of Amaya or Amaia is \"\"mother city\"\", as it will be called later, \"\"the capital\"\". Other hypothesis is that the name derived from the Proto-Basque or Basque word \"\"Amaia\"\", meaning \"\"the end\"\". Variations include Amaia, Amayah, Ammaya, and Amya. Amaya",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16202854",
"chunk_text": "\"Flores (surname)\"\nFlores (surname) Flores is a Spanish surname, from the plural of \"\"flor\"\" ‘flower’. In Spain, Flores is first found in Asturias, where the Visigothic court took refuge after the Muslim invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. In Italy, the surname's roots can be traced back to Naples around the early 14th century where records show a Flores family receiving land grants in the feudal territories of Persano and Sandionisio. Spelling variations of this surname also include Florez, Flórez, Floriz, Flóriz, Floraz, Flóraz, Flor, Florán, Floran and Florián among others. Variations can also be found in several Florez coat-of-arms designs. The one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17615840",
"chunk_text": "\"Basque Mexicans\"\nAmerica. Most Mexicans of Basque descent are concentrated in the cities of Monterrey, Saltillo, Camargo, and the states of Jalisco, Colima, Zacatecas, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Coahuila. The Basques were important in the mining industry, many were ranchers and vaqueros (cowboys), and the rest small shops owners in major cities like Mexico City, Guadalajara and Puebla. In Baja California, the Basque surname of Aramburuzabala is today one of the most known in that state, as well as in the neighboring states of Sonora and Coahuila. Basque names are found in many places throughout Northeastern Mexico, such as Durango, Reynosa,(",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20455053",
"chunk_text": "Ochoa\nOtxotorena\"\", meaning \"\"son of Ochoto\"\" (literally \"\"small wolf\"\"). The Spanish equivalent of this Basque given name was Lope, also appearing in the names of Gascon lords in the High Middle Ages. As of 2014, 32.2% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"Ochoa\"\" were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:671), 12.1% of Colombia (1:686), 11.8% of the United States (1:5,302), 9.4% of Venezuela (1:556), 5.8% of Peru (1:949), 5.1% of Guatemala (1:547), 4.8% of Argentina (1:1,537), 4.8% of Ecuador (1:580), 3.1% of Honduras (1:492), 2.5% of Spain (1:3,191), 1.6% of Nicaragua (1:651), 1.4% of Cuba (1:1,390), 1.4% of Bolivia (1:1,286) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3780878",
"chunk_text": "Cruz\nCruz Cruz is a surname of Iberian origin, first found in Castile, Spain, but later spread throughout the territories of the former Spanish and Portuguese Empires. In Spanish and Portuguese, the word means \"\"cross\"\", either the Christian cross or the figure of transecting lines or ways. For example, in the Philippines, the adopted Tagalog word is rendered to \"\"krus\"\" in plain usage, but the Spanish spelling survives as a surname. The word \"\"Cruz\"\" (Spanish for \"\"Cross\"\"), as well as \"\"Vera Cruz\"\" (\"\"True Cross\"\") and \"\"Santa Cruz\"\" (\"\"Holy Cross\"\") are used as surnames and toponyms. Its origin as a surname particularly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20469482",
"chunk_text": "Garmendia\nGarmendia Garmendia is the surname of a family of the Basque Country region of Guipuzcoa, in Spain. The surname means \"\"wheat mountain\"\" (\"\"gar\"\" 'wheat', \"\"mendi\"\" 'mountain'), after Garmendia de Iraurgui, later known as Salvatierra de Iraurgui, later the site of the cities of Azpeitia and Azkoitia. As almost every basque family, Garmendia enjoys the status of hidalgo, of ancient origin, previous to the Reconquista. The family spread out of the Basque Country to the rest of Spain and, during colonization, to Argentina, Chile, United States, Mexico and Cuba. The coat of arms of some of its bearers is \"\"Argent, a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4215161",
"chunk_text": "\"Flores (surname)\"\nof Ecuador (1:229), 1.8% of Nicaragua (1:90) and 1.7% of Guatemala (1:253). . In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:660) in the following autonomous communities: In Bolivia, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:47) in the following departments: Flores (surname) Flores is a Spanish surname, from the plural of \"\"flor\"\" ‘flower’. In Spain, Flores is first found in Asturias, where the Visigothic court took refuge after the Muslim invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. In Italy, the surname's roots can be traced back to Naples around the early 14th century where",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5665971",
"chunk_text": "Amuzgos\nAmuzgos The Amuzgos are an indigenous people of Mexico. They primarily live in a region along the Guerrero/Oaxaca state border, chiefly in or near four municipalities: Xochistlahuaca, Tlacoachistlahuaca and Ometepec in Guerrero, and San Pedro Amuzgos in Oaxaca. The origin of the Amuzgos is not known, but their Amuzgo language is similar to the Mixtec language and their territory overlaps that of the Mixtec region. In the past, they dominated a larger area, but Mixtec domination, followed by the Spanish and the arrival of Afro-Mexicans pushed them into the more inaccessible mountain regions and away from the coast. The Amuzgos",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16257426",
"chunk_text": "Zambrano\nZambrano Zambrano is a surname of Spanish and also Basque origin. Members of this family have played a prominent role through the history of Spain and The Americas. Zambrana or Zambrano comes from the word \"\"soberano\"\" (\"\"sovereign\"\"). The Zambrano family originated in the mountains of Biscay. Piferrer records that the first to bear this name was Fortun Sanchez. Francisco Zazo y Rosillo, the Chronicler King of Arms to Philip V of Spain, chronicled the lineage of the Zambrano family from its origins in the village of Zambrana in the Guizpuzcoa province in what was at the time the Kingdom of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14815759",
"chunk_text": "\"Spanish naming customs\"\n(\"\"place of\"\"); \"\"Loyola\"\", from \"\"loi\"\" (\"\"mud\"\") + \"\"ola\"\" (\"\"iron smithery\"\"); \"\"Arriortua\"\" – \"\"stone orchard\"\", from \"\"harri\"\" (\"\"stone\"\") + \"\"ortua\"\" (\"\"orchard\"\"). Before the 20th century all Basque men were considered nobles (indeed, some Basque surnames, e.g. \"\"Irujo\"\" or \"\"Medoza\"\", were related to some of the oldest Spanish noble families), and many of them used their status to emigrate with privileges to other regions of the Spanish Empire, especially the Americas, due to which some Basque surnames became common to the Spanish-American world; e.g. \"\"Mendoza\"\" – \"\"cold mountain\"\", from \"\"mendi\"\" (\"\"mountain\"\" + \"\"hotza\"\" (\"\"cold\"\"); \"\"Salazar\"\" – \"\"Old hall\"\", from \"\"sala\"\" (\"\"hall\"\") +",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20470768",
"chunk_text": "\"Lope Ruiz de Esparza\"\nLope Ruiz de Esparza Don Lope Ruiz de Esparza (c. 1569 - 14 August 1651) was a Basque nobleman, patriarch and early settler of Aguascalientes. Don Lope Ruiz de Esparza was born in Pamplona, Spain to a family of Basque nobility. It appears Lope Ruiz de Esparza was the first Esparza to come from Spain to New Spain. Many genealogists agree he may be the only Esparza to settle in New Spain and is the ancestor of all the Esparza families in early Mexico and the early U. S. The surname Esparza is said to mean one who came from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16409141",
"chunk_text": "\"Arismendi (surname)\"\nArismendi (surname) Arismendi is a Basque surname, formed from \"\"aritz\"\" (oak) + \"\"mendi\"\" (mountain), and thus meaning \"\"mountain of oaks\"\". The Basque people are indigenous to the area of northeast Spain and southwest France, a historical region known as the Basque Country. A branch of the family immigrated to Latin America. One of the first to do so was probably Juan Bernardo de Arismendi, who was from Fuenterrabía, Spain. He immigrated to present-day Venezuela, and was commander of the fortress in Araya during the second half of the 17th century. Through him, the Arismendi family became one of the most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17899850",
"chunk_text": "\"Araneta family\"\nAraneta family The Araneta family is an influential Filipino family that originated from Guipúzcoa, the Basque region of northern Spain. The name is derived from the Basque word \"\"aran\"\" meaning valley, with the suffix \"\"eta\"\" meaning abundance of, but also a locative term denoting \"\"place\"\" - in this case, the Araneta name meaning the family that comes from the valley. In 1723, during the Galleon Trade, two brothers named Baltazar de Araneta and Don Jose de Araneta arrived in Manila aboard the Spanish Fleet,\"\"La Sacra Familia\"\". They came from the Basque region of Spain by way of Acapulco, Mexico. However,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18621441",
"chunk_text": "\"De la Mora (surname)\"\nDe la Mora (surname) De la Mora is a surname. \"\"De la,\"\" in several Romance languages (including Spanish and Romanian), means \"\"from.\"\" \"\"Mora,\"\" in Spanish, translates to \"\"mulberry.\"\" \"\"Mora\"\" might denote places in the Spanish provinces of Albacete, León, , Navarre, Toledo (town of Mora), or Mexican province of Guanajuato (town of Doctor Mora). \"\"Mora\"\" might represent a toponymic surname for a family who lives or lived where mulberries grow or grew. \"\"Mora,\"\" might be part of an ethnic phrase that means \"\"the Moorish woman's son,\"\" from mora \"\"(female) Moor.\"\" Similar surnames: Del Moral, Lamora, Delamar, De Moura, De La",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_918
|
which river separates the bronx in new york city from manhattan island?
|
n/a
|
[
"Harlem River",
"the Harlem River"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4711455",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\nHudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city. The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20814421",
"chunk_text": "\"Harlem River\"\nthe water. It also contains several large scale public art murals and 15 etched steel heritage plaques depicting the history and culture of East and Central Harlem communities. The Harlem River Park will eventually connect two portions of the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway around all of Manhattan. On the Bronx side of the river, recently opened parks include Mill Pond Park and Bridge Park. Harlem River The Harlem River is an tidal strait flowing between the Hudson River and the East River and separating the island of Manhattan from the Bronx on the New York mainland. The northern stretch, also called",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15620848",
"chunk_text": "\"East River\"\nEast River The East River is a salt water tidal estuary in New York City. The waterway, which is actually not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates the borough of Queens on Long Island from the Bronx on the North American mainland, and also divides Manhattan from Queens and Brooklyn, which are also on Long Island. Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, it was once also known as the \"\"Sound River\"\". The tidal strait changes its direction of flow frequently,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4347395",
"chunk_text": "\"Bronx Kill\"\nBronx Kill The Bronx Kill is a narrow strait in New York City delineating the southernmost extent of the Bronx and separating it from Randalls Island. It connects the Harlem River to the East River. Originally, the Bronx Kill was a sizeable waterway, approximately in width. As of 1917, there were also plans by the War Department to dredge a deep channel, in width, to improve navigation and reduce tidal currents. For this reason, in the early 20th century the New York Connecting Railroad built a movable bridge across the Bronx Kill on the approach to the Hell Gate Bridge.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3199674",
"chunk_text": "\"East River\"\nfuture spills propagating into the river. Music Television Games Informational notes Citations Bibliography East River The East River is a salt water tidal estuary in New York City. The waterway, which is actually not a river despite its name, connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates the borough of Queens on Long Island from the Bronx on the North American mainland, and also divides Manhattan from Queens and Brooklyn, which are also on Long Island. Because of its connection to Long Island Sound, it was once also known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16758610",
"chunk_text": "\"Harlem River\"\nHarlem River The Harlem River is an tidal strait flowing between the Hudson River and the East River and separating the island of Manhattan from the Bronx on the New York mainland. The northern stretch, also called the Spuyten Duyvil (\"\"spewing devil\"\") Creek, has been significantly altered for navigation purposes. Originally it curved round the north of Marble Hill, but in 1895 the Harlem River Ship Canal was dug between Manhattan and Marble Hill, and in 1914 the original course was filled in. The Harlem River forms a part of the Hudson estuary system, serving as a narrow strait that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17468273",
"chunk_text": "\"Bronx River\"\nBronx River The Bronx River, approximately long, flows through southeast New York in the United States and drains an area of . It is named after colonial settler Jonas Bronck. The Bronx River is the only fresh water river in New York City. It originally rose in what is now the Kensico Reservoir, in Westchester County north of New York City. With the construction of the Kensico Dam in 1885, however, the river was cut off from its natural headwaters and today a small tributary stream serves as its source. The Bronx River flows south past White Plains, then south-southwest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17468274",
"chunk_text": "\"Bronx River\"\nthrough the northern suburbs, passing through Edgemont, Tuckahoe, Eastchester, and Bronxville. It forms the border between the large cities of Yonkers and Mount Vernon, and flows into the northern end of The Bronx, where it divides East Bronx from West Bronx, southward through Bronx Park, New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo and continues through neighborhoods of the South Bronx. It empties into the East River, a tidal strait connected to Long Island Sound, between the Soundview and Hunts Point neighborhoods. In the 17th century, the river—called by the natives \"\"Aquehung\"\"—served as a boundary between loosely associated bands under",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17468283",
"chunk_text": "\"Bronx River\"\nbecome a popular destination for urban canoeing in New York City. It also bisects Bronx Park and the Bronx Zoo. A tram built in the late 20th century takes Zoo customers over the river to an exhibit of Asian animals on the left bank, with a narration presenting the river as the Irrawaddy. Bronx River The Bronx River, approximately long, flows through southeast New York in the United States and drains an area of . It is named after colonial settler Jonas Bronck. The Bronx River is the only fresh water river in New York City. It originally rose in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5029376",
"chunk_text": "Manhattan\nManhattan's east and west sides. Manhattan Island is bounded by the Hudson River to the west and the East River to the east. To the north, the Harlem River divides Manhattan Island from the Bronx and the mainland United States. Early in the 19th century, landfill was used to expand Lower Manhattan from the natural Hudson shoreline at Greenwich Street to West Street. When building the World Trade Center in 1968, 1.2 million cubic yards (917,000 m³) of material was excavated from the site. Rather than dumping the spoil at sea or in landfills, the fill material was used to",
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"page_id": 9
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"chunk_text": "\"Harlem River\"\ndivides the island of Manhattan from the Bronx. Approximately 18,000 years ago the Laurentide ice sheet receded northward across the continent leaving behind a large escarpment creating the modern day Hudson River. About 6,000 years ago the Hudson River emptied into the ancient Atlantic Ocean, depositing sediments over the bedrock; this resulted in the formation of the Hudson River estuary, which is the water and land at the mouth of the river that contains a mixture of salt and freshwater, including the Harlem River. The \"\"river\"\" is actually an estuary, as the Harlem River has neither a mouth nor a",
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "7060275",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of New York City\"\nBronx and Manhattan from Northern New Jersey. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates Manhattan from the Bronx. The boroughs of New York City straddle the border between two geologic provinces of eastern North America. Brooklyn and Queens, located on Long Island, are part of the eastern coastal plain. Long Island is a massive moraine which formed at the southern fringe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last Ice Age. The Bronx and Manhattan lie on the eastern edge of the Newark Basin, a block of the Earth's crust which sank downward during",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_text": "\"Randalls and Wards Islands\"\nthe Bronx, opened. Construction of this bridge was proposed in 2006, but did not begin until 2013. Randalls and Wards Islands Randalls Island (also called Randall's Island) and Wards Island are conjoined islands, collectively called Randalls and Wards Islands, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, separated from Manhattan by the Harlem River, from Queens by the East River and Hell Gate, and from the Bronx by the Bronx Kill. The two islands were formerly separated, with Randalls Island to the north of Wards Island. The channel between them, Little Hell Gate, was infilled by the early 1960s. A",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "8259145",
"chunk_text": "\"Randalls and Wards Islands\"\nRandalls and Wards Islands Randalls Island (also called Randall's Island) and Wards Island are conjoined islands, collectively called Randalls and Wards Islands, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, separated from Manhattan by the Harlem River, from Queens by the East River and Hell Gate, and from the Bronx by the Bronx Kill. The two islands were formerly separated, with Randalls Island to the north of Wards Island. The channel between them, Little Hell Gate, was infilled by the early 1960s. A third, smaller island, Sunken Meadow Island, was located east of Randalls Island and was connected to it",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_id": "6365408",
"chunk_text": "Manhattan\nthe remainder of Manhattan. Before World War I, the section of the original Harlem River channel separating Marble Hill from The Bronx was filled in, and Marble Hill became part of the mainland. Marble Hill is one example of how Manhattan's land has been considerably altered by human intervention. The borough has seen substantial land reclamation along its waterfronts since Dutch colonial times, and much of the natural variation in its topography has been evened out. In New York Harbor, there are three smaller islands: Other smaller islands, in the East River, include (from north to south): The bedrock underlying",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4647038",
"chunk_text": "\"The Bronx\"\nbuildings.<ref>For an example of this argument, as well as of several other theses mentioned here, see \"\"When the Bronx was burning\"\" \"\"City-data\"\" forum (blog), 2007, where rubygreta writes: The Bronx The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, in the U.S. state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; northeast and east of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of Queens, across the East River. Since 1914, the borough has had the same boundaries as Bronx County, the third-most densely populated county in the United States. The Bronx has a land area",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5029338",
"chunk_text": "Manhattan\nManhattan Manhattan (), often referred to locally as the City, is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, cultural identifier, and historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York. The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River. Manhattan Island is divided",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_text": "\"East River\"\nthe city in 1884 to be a prison farm and expanded with landfill from under to over , which is currently the site of the city's primary jail, and North and South Brother Islands, all of which lie north of Roosevelt Island. The Bronx River drains into the East River in the northern section of the strait, and the Flushing River, historically known as \"\"Flushing Creek\"\" empties into it near LaGuardia Airport via Flushing Bay. North of Randalls Island, it is joined by the Bronx Kill. Along the east of Wards Island, at approximately the strait's midpoint, it narrows into",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "13115645",
"chunk_text": "\"Hudson River\"\nare large, rocky cliffs along the west bank of the river; also known as Bergen Hill at their lower end in Hudson County. Further south the east bank of the river becomes Yonkers and then the Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx in New York City. South of the confluence of the Hudson and Spuyten Duyvil Creek, the east bank of the river becomes Manhattan. The river is sometimes still called the North River at this point. The George Washington Bridge crosses the river between Fort Lee and the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. The Lincoln Tunnel and the Holland Tunnel",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9007028",
"chunk_text": "\"Concourse, Bronx\"\nand views of the waterfront. The second floor of the Power house in Mill Pond Park is the future home of the Bronx Children's Museum. The Harlem River separates the Bronx and Manhattan, with the Macombs Dam Bridge connecting the two boroughs within Concourse. Interstate 87, the Major Deegan Expressway, has exits that can access the neighborhood. The Grand Concourse terminates onto roads leading across the Triborough Bridge with connections to Queens and Manhattan. New York City Subway routes include the IRT Jerome Avenue Line () at 161st Street and 167th Street, and the IND Concourse Line () at 161st",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5355549",
"chunk_text": "\"The Bronx\"\nThe Bronx The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, in the U.S. state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; northeast and east of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of Queens, across the East River. Since 1914, the borough has had the same boundaries as Bronx County, the third-most densely populated county in the United States. The Bronx has a land area of and a population of 1,471,160 in 2017. Of the five boroughs, it has the fourth-largest area, fourth-highest population, and third-highest population density. It is the only borough",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1516557",
"chunk_text": "\"Yonkers, New York\"\nJersey. The city occupies 20.3 square miles (52.6 km²), including 18.1 square miles (46.8 km²) of land and 2.2 square miles (5.8 km²) (11.02%) of water, according to the United States Census Bureau. The Bronx River separates Yonkers from Mount Vernon, Tuckahoe, Eastchester, Bronxville, and Scarsdale to the east. The town of Greenburgh is to the north, and on the western border is the Hudson River. On the south, Yonkers borders the Riverdale, Woodlawn, and Wakefield sections of The Bronx. In addition, the southernmost point of Yonkers is only north of the northernmost point of Manhattan when measured from Broadway",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "14918010",
"chunk_text": "\"Spuyten Duyvil Creek\"\nSpuyten Duyvil Creek Spuyten Duyvil Creek is a short tidal estuary in New York City connecting the Hudson River to the Harlem River Ship Canal and then on to the Harlem River. The confluence of the three water bodies separate the island of Manhattan from the Bronx and the rest of the mainland. Once a distinct, turbulent waterway between the Hudson and Harlem rivers, the creek has been subsumed by the modern ship canal. The Bronx neighborhood of Spuyten Duyvil lies to the north of the creek, neighboring Marble Hill lies to the north of the Ship Canal. The earliest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13115633",
"chunk_text": "\"Hudson River\"\nHudson River The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States. The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York, flows southward through the Hudson Valley, and eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean at New York Harbor, between New York City and Jersey City. The river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York at its southern end. Further north, it marks local boundaries between several New York counties. The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary, deeper",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16241571",
"chunk_text": "\"West Side (Manhattan)\"\nWest Side (Manhattan) The West Side of Manhattan refers to the side of Manhattan Island which abuts the Hudson River and faces New Jersey. Fifth Avenue, Central Park, and lower Broadway separate it from the East Side. The major neighborhoods on the West Side are (from north to south) West Harlem, Morningside Heights, Manhattan Valley, Upper West Side, Hell's Kitchen, Chelsea, West Village, SoHo, and Tribeca. The 8th Avenue and West Side subway lines connect all parts of the West Side. The main north-south roads servicing the West Side are the Henry Hudson Parkway in the north, and the West",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "469878",
"chunk_text": "\"Hudson River\"\ntournaments. Hudson River The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States. The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York, flows southward through the Hudson Valley, and eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean at New York Harbor, between New York City and Jersey City. The river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York at its southern end. Further north, it marks local boundaries between several New York counties. The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11826862",
"chunk_text": "\"East River\"\nthen eastward from there the river was, at mean low tide, deep. The broadness of the river's channel south of Roosevelt Island is caused by the dipping of the hardy Fordham gneiss which underlies the island under the less strong Inwood marble which lies under the river bed. Why the river turns to the east as it approaches the three lower Manhattan bridges is currently geologically unknown. In the stretch of the river between Manhattan Island and the borough of Queens, lies Roosevelt Island, a narrow (maximum width ) long island consisting of . Politically part of Manhattan, it begins",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6376338",
"chunk_text": "Queens\nand (39%) is water. Brooklyn, the only other New York City borough on geographic Long Island, lies just south and west of Queens, with Newtown Creek, an estuary that flows into the East River, forming part of the border. To the west and north is the East River, across which is Manhattan to the west and The Bronx to the north. Nassau County is east of Queens on Long Island. Staten Island is southwest of Brooklyn, and shares only a 3-mile-long water border (in the Outer Bay) with Queens. The Rockaway Peninsula, the southernmost part of all of Long Island,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14594699",
"chunk_text": "\"Fordham Road\"\nFordham Road Fordham Road is a major throughfare in the Bronx borough of New York City that runs east-west from the Harlem River to Bronx Park. Fordham Road houses the borough's largest and most diverse shopping district. It geographically separates the North Bronx from the South Bronx. This street runs through the neighborhood of University Heights, divides Fordham from Fordham-Bedford and finally runs along the northern border of Belmont. It begins at its eastern point as a continuation of Pelham Parkway and at its western point continues over the University Heights Bridge into Manhattan, where it runs as West 207th",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5355550",
"chunk_text": "\"The Bronx\"\npredominantly on the U.S. mainland. The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west, and a flatter eastern section. East and west street names are divided by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattan's Fifth Avenue. The West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914. About a quarter of the Bronx's area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
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"chunk_text": "\"Hudson River\"\nalso cross under the river between Manhattan and New Jersey. South of the Battery, the river proper ends, meeting the East River to form Upper New York Bay, also known as New York Harbor. Its outflow continues through the Narrows between Brooklyn and Staten Island, under the Verrazzano Bridge, and into Lower New York Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. The lower Hudson is actually a tidal estuary, with tidal influence extending as far as the Federal Dam in Troy. There are about two high tides and two low tides per day. As the tide rises, the tidal current moves northward,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14143967",
"chunk_text": "\"Bronx River Road\"\nBronx River Road Bronx River Road is a major street and neighborhood in Yonkers, New York. It runs alongside the Bronx River, Bronx River Parkway, and Metro-North railroad tracks in south-eastern Yonkers. On the other side of the Bronx River is the City of Mount Vernon, New York as well as the Bronx. Bronx River Road runs down to McLean Avenue at the city line with New York City where it becomes Webster Avenue in the Woodlawn section of the Bronx. To the north, when it reaches the Cross County Parkway, Bronx River Road merges into Midland Avenue which leads",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_text": "\"Fordham Road\"\nthe entire length of Fordham Road. Fordham Road Fordham Road is a major throughfare in the Bronx borough of New York City that runs east-west from the Harlem River to Bronx Park. Fordham Road houses the borough's largest and most diverse shopping district. It geographically separates the North Bronx from the South Bronx. This street runs through the neighborhood of University Heights, divides Fordham from Fordham-Bedford and finally runs along the northern border of Belmont. It begins at its eastern point as a continuation of Pelham Parkway and at its western point continues over the University Heights Bridge into Manhattan,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "7060274",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of New York City\"\nthe coast of the Northeastern United States at the mouth of the Hudson River in southeastern New York state. It is located in the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary, the centerpiece of which is the New York Harbor, whose deep waters and sheltered bays helped the city grow in significance as a trading city. Much of New York is built on the three islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and western Long Island, making land scarce and encouraging a high population density. The Hudson River flows from the Hudson Valley into New York Bay, becoming a tidal estuary that separates the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "14778247",
"chunk_text": "\"East River\"\na channel called Hell Gate, which is spanned by both the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge (formerly the Triborough), and the Hell Gate Bridge. On the south side of Wards Island, it is joined by the Harlem River. Newtown Creek on Long Island drains into the East River, and forms part of the boundary between Queens and Brooklyn. The Gowanus Canal was built from Gowanus Creek, which emptied into the river. Historically, there were other small streams which emptied into the river – including the Harlem Creek, one of the most significant tributaries originating in Manhattan – but these and their",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_id": "3334023",
"chunk_text": "\"Long Island\"\nIsland is separated from the Bronx and the island of Manhattan by the East River. To the extreme southwest, it is separated from Staten Island and the state of New Jersey by Upper New York Bay, the Narrows, and Lower New York Bay. To the east lie Block Island—which belongs to the State of Rhode Island—and numerous smaller islands. Both the longest and the largest island in the contiguous United States, Long Island extends eastward from New York Harbor to Montauk Point, with a maximum north-to-south distance of between Long Island Sound and the Atlantic coast. With a land area",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
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"chunk_id": "17468275",
"chunk_text": "\"Bronx River\"\nsachems of the informal confederacy of the Wecquaesgeek, Europeanized as the Wappinger; the east bank of the river was the boundary for the Siwanoy, clammers and fishermen. The same line would be retained when manors were granted to the Dutch and the English. The Algonkian significance of the name is variously reported; the \"\"acca-\"\" element, as represented in the Long Island place-name Accabonac, was deformed into the more familiar, suitably watery European phoneme \"\"aque-\"\". The tract purchased by Jonas Bronck in 1639 lay between the Harlem River and the river that came to be called \"\"Bronck's river\"\". During the 19th",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11476256",
"chunk_text": "\"Bronx River Parkway\"\nBronx River Parkway The Bronx River Parkway (sometimes abbreviated as the Bronx Parkway) is a long parkway in downstate New York in the United States. It is named for the nearby Bronx River, which it parallels. The southern terminus of the parkway is at Story Avenue near Bruckner Expressway in the Bronx neighborhood of Soundview. The northern terminus is at the Kensico Circle in North Castle, Westchester County, where the parkway connects to the Taconic State Parkway and, via a short connector, New York State Route 22 (NY 22). Within the Bronx, the parkway is maintained by the New York",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
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"chunk_id": "16882298",
"chunk_text": "\"Bronx Kill\"\nbicycle access between the island and the Port Morris neighborhood of the Bronx and to the South Bronx Greenway. The connector opened in November 2015. A 2006 plan for a water park—the first in the nation for a large city—on the northwest corner of Randalls Island was controversial. Announced by the Giuliani administration as a $48 million, project, the proposal expanded to encompass at a projected cost of $168 million before being cancelled in 2007. Bronx Kill The Bronx Kill is a narrow strait in New York City delineating the southernmost extent of the Bronx and separating it from Randalls",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17468278",
"chunk_text": "\"Bronx River\"\nPlains, Mount Vernon and Greenburgh agreed to stop dumping sewage in the Bronx River by May 1, 2007. Urban runoff pollution continues to be a serious problem for the river. The Bronx River Watershed Coalition, a partnership of local and state agencies, citizen groups and non-profit organizations, have developed watershed management plans to reduce stormwater pollution and improve water quality. Local alewife, taken from a coastal tributary in nearby Connecticut, were released in the river in March 2006. The alewife were expected to spawn in the river's headwaters. Their offspring would spend the summer in the river, migrate out to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6365407",
"chunk_text": "Manhattan\nexpand the Manhattan shoreline across West Street, creating Battery Park City, The result was a 700-foot (210-m) extension into the river, running six blocks or , covering , providing a riverfront esplanade and over of parks; Hudson River Park was subsequently opened in stages beginning in 1998. One neighborhood of New York County is contiguous with the U.S. mainland – Marble Hill at one time was part of Manhattan Island, but the Harlem River Ship Canal, dug in 1895 to improve navigation on the Harlem River, separated it from the remainder of Manhattan as an island between the Bronx and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17216001",
"chunk_text": "\"Tibbetts Brook\"\nWest 230th Street, just north of the current site of John F. Kennedy High School, the brook drained into Spuyten Duyvil Creek, which at the time separated the Bronx from Marble Hill, Manhattan. Until the 1700s, Tibbets Brook split into two smaller streams at around West 237th Street, the westernmost and primary stream along modern Tibbett Avenue feeding into the Spuyten Duyvil, and the easternmost along the right-of-ways of the Putnam Railroad and current Major Deegan Expressway feeding into the Harlem River. The two streams formed a triangular island called \"\"Paparinemo\"\" that constitutes much of today's Kingsbridge neighborhood. The brook",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Triborough Bridge\"\nMetropolitan Transportation Authority. The Triborough Bridge is made of four segments. The three primary spans traverse the East River to Queens; the Harlem River Manhattan; and Bronx Kill to the Bronx. The bridge is also composed of a T-shaped approach viaduct that leads to an interchange plaza between the three primary spans on Randalls Island. The Queens arm of the viaduct formerly crossed Little Hell Gate, a creek located between Randalls Island to the north and Wards Island to the south. Excluding elevated ramps, the segments are a total of long, with a span between the Bronx and Queens, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17796883",
"chunk_text": "Queens\nthe Bronx by the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge, the Throgs Neck Bridge, the Triborough Bridge (also known as the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge), and the Hell Gate Bridge. Queens is connected to Manhattan Island by the Triborough Bridge, the Queensboro Bridge, and the Queens–Midtown Tunnel, as well as to Roosevelt Island by the Roosevelt Island Bridge. While most of the Queens/Brooklyn border is on land, the Kosciuszko Bridge crosses the Newtown Creek connecting Maspeth to Greenpoint, Brooklyn. The Pulaski Bridge connects McGuinness Boulevard in Greenpoint to 11th Street, Jackson Avenue, and Hunters Point Avenue in Long Island City. The J. J. Byrne",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17785689",
"chunk_text": "\"Lower New York Bay\"\nLower New York Bay Lower New York Bay is a section of New York Bay south of the Narrows, the relatively narrow strait between the shores of Staten Island and Brooklyn. The southern end of the bay opens directly to the Atlantic Ocean between two spits of land, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, and Rockaway, Queens, on Long Island. The southern portion between Staten Island and New Jersey, at the mouth of the Raritan River, is named Raritan Bay. The Hudson Canyon, the ancient riverbed of the Hudson River which existed during the last ice age when the ocean levels were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19618495",
"chunk_text": "\"Cross Bronx Expressway\"\nCross Bronx Expressway The Cross Bronx Expressway is a major freeway in the New York City borough of the Bronx, conceived by Robert Moses and built between 1948 and 1972. It carries traffic on Interstate 95 (I-95) through the city, and serves as a portion of I-295 toward Long Island; a portion is also designated U.S. Route 1 (US 1). The Cross Bronx begins at the Alexander Hamilton Bridge over the Harlem River, where the Trans-Manhattan Expressway continues west across Upper Manhattan to the George Washington Bridge. While I-95 leaves at the Bruckner Interchange in Throgs Neck, following the Bruckner",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5832884",
"chunk_text": "\"Hell Gate\"\nwas spanned by the Triborough Bridge (officially Robert F. Kennedy Bridge since 2008), allowing vehicular traffic to pass among Manhattan, the Bronx, and Queens. Hell Gate Hell Gate is a narrow tidal strait in the East River in New York City in the United States. It separates Astoria, Queens from Randall's and Wards Islands. The name \"\"Hell Gate\"\" is a corruption of the Dutch phrase \"\"Hellegat\"\" (it first appeared on a Dutch map as \"\"Helle Gadt\"\"), which could mean either \"\"bright strait\"\" or \"\"clear opening\"\", and it was originally applied to the entirety of the East River. Dutch explorer Adriaen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
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{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4589886",
"chunk_text": "\"Macombs Dam Bridge\"\nMacombs Dam Bridge The Macombs Dam Bridge ( ) spans the Harlem River in New York City, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx near Yankee Stadium. It is the third-oldest bridge in New York City and, along with the 155th Street Viaduct, was designated a New York City Landmark in January 1992. The bridge is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT). The bridge is located from the mouth of the Harlem River. It consists of a swing bridge over the Harlem River decorated with four finials and with stone end piers with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
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{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5029485",
"chunk_text": "Manhattan\nBeing primarily an island, Manhattan is linked to New York City's outer boroughs by numerous bridges, of various sizes. Manhattan has fixed highway connections with New Jersey to its west by way of the George Washington Bridge, the Holland Tunnel, and the Lincoln Tunnel, and to three of the four other New York City boroughs—the Bronx to the northeast, and Brooklyn and Queens (both on Long Island) to the east and south. Its only direct connection with the fifth New York City borough, Staten Island, is the Staten Island Ferry across New York Harbor, which is free of charge. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10412194",
"chunk_text": "\"Flushing River\"\nFlushing River The Flushing River, more properly and historically known as Flushing Creek, is a waterway that flows through the northern part of central Queens in New York City (mostly through Flushing Meadows–Corona Park) and empties into the East River. The river runs through a valley that may have been a larger riverbed before the last Ice Age. In the 18th and 19th centuries, it divided the towns of Flushing on its right bank and Newtown on its left; today, it divides Queens into western and eastern halves. Flushing Creek once rose in the present-day neighborhood of Kew Gardens Hills,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_919
|
derek and meredith get back together season 3?
|
n/a
|
[
"Staring at the Sun"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3872900",
"chunk_text": "\"Derek Shepherd\"\nforced to have him removed as Chief of Surgery. With mixed feelings, Derek offers him an ultimatum: go into rehab and possibly pick up where he left off after, or quit completely. In seasons three and four, Meredith and Derek's relationship becomes rocky and they each take time to date other people. Derek's plans to propose were ruined by a series of unfortunate events in season five. In the season finale, they decide to give their planned wedding to Alex and Izzie. Due to their tight schedule, they instead informally marry and Derek writes down their \"\"promises\"\" on a post-it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14140088",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nhis romantic relationship with Meredith, previously introduced in the second season. Deceased since the second-season finale, character Dennsion \"\"Denny\"\" Duquette, Jr. (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) appeared in two episodes of the season, during Meredith's limbo sequence. Elizabeth Reaser portrayed Rebecca \"\"Ava\"\" Pope, recurring character and love interest for Alex Karev. She arrives as a patient suffering from amnesia and severe facial injuries after being involved in a massive ferry crash. Loretta Devine acted as Adele Webber, Richard's wife, whose continuous struggle to have a normal marriage culminates in her asking her husband to retire. Other guest stars include Sarah Utterback in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10361126",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard Webber\"\nof the third season, Richard and Adele decide to give their marriage another try. At the beginning of the fourth season, Richard and Adele declare that his work is the reason that their marriage has failed and separate. He consequently moves in with his friend Derek Shepherd in his trailer home and tries to repair his life as a divorcé for the remainder of the season until, by the end, he reasserts his good reputation to his wife and wins her back. At the start of the fifth season, Richard starts to deal with the fact that Seattle Grace's surgical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3872898",
"chunk_text": "\"Derek Shepherd\"\nattempt to repair their marriage but attempts were futile. Since their divorce they have remained on amicable terms, with Addison even admonishing Meredith for breaking up with Derek in season three. In the \"\"Private Practice\"\" episode \"\"Ex-Life\"\" Derek finally tells Addison that his mother never liked her in the first place. He admits to Meredith that Addison cheating on him with Mark was partly his fault as an absentee husband. Addison eventually leaves Seattle for a private practice in Los Angeles, spawning the spin-off \"\"Private Practice\"\". In the season eight episode \"\"If/Then\"\", Meredith dreams of an alternate universe where her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14140085",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nhusband Derek Shepherd's desire to divorce, while dealing with the arrival of her former lover. Isaiah Washington played the role of attending physician and cardiothoracic surgeon, Preston Burke, who becomes engaged to intern Cristina Yang after their developing a relationship. Patrick Dempsey portrayed attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, whose relationship with intern Meredith Grey has been the focal point of the series since its inception. Sara Ramirez began receiving star billing in the season premiere, after numerous appearances during the last episodes of the second season. She portrayed orthopedic surgeon and fifth-year resident, Calliope \"\"Callie\"\" Torres, whose relationship with intern George",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15934024",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nGrey's Anatomy (season 3) The third season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 21, 2006, and concluded on May 17, 2007. The season was produced by Touchstone Television, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company, the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. Actors Ellen Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, Justin Chambers, and T.R. Knight reprised their roles as surgical interns Meredith Grey, Cristina Yang, Izzie Stevens, Alex Karev, and George O'Malley, respectively, continuing their expansive storylines as focal points throughout the season. Previous main cast members",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15934059",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\ndepression and giving Derek a season's worth of reconsidering to do\"\". Monfette criticized the romantic development of the characters throughout the season, by describing Cristina and Burke's relationship as an excuse for the possibility of a wedding for Meredith, whereas Burke's unfair behavior towards Cristina is thought to be manipulative, exposing her to his overly romantic notion of an ideal ceremony. The way the doubts regarding the success of their relationship were resolved in the season finale was described as \"\"most obvious and least compelling.\"\" \"\"IGN Entertainment\"\" was also critical of Alex Karev's storyline, who is seen falling for a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15934034",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nO'Malley evolves into a sudden marriage with unpleasant repercussions. Eric Dane was also promoted to the series regular status after a guest appearance in the eighteenth episode of the previous season, and an uncredited one in the second episode of this season. He began receiving star billing in the third episode of the season, portraying attending physician, otolaryngologist and plastic surgeon Mark Sloan, whose arc, describing the attempt at resuming his relationship with Addison Montgomery, is heavily developed throughout the season. Numerous supporting characters have been given expansive and recurring appearances in the progressive storyline. Brooke Smith continues her role",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8714293",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nthe box set, by calling it \"\"scintillating\"\" and \"\"addictive\"\". Grey's Anatomy (season 3) The third season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 21, 2006, and concluded on May 17, 2007. The season was produced by Touchstone Television, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company, the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. Actors Ellen Pompeo, Sandra Oh, Katherine Heigl, Justin Chambers, and T.R. Knight reprised their roles as surgical interns Meredith Grey, Cristina Yang, Izzie Stevens, Alex Karev, and George O'Malley, respectively, continuing their expansive storylines as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10261800",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\ndeparts the show at the conclusion of the third season, relocating to California, seeking a new life. The season three finale shows Burke's exit from the show, after leaving Yang at the altar on their wedding day. Grey, Yang, Karev, and Stevens are all promoted to residents, in the season four premiere, while O'Malley is forced to repeat his internship year, following his failing of the intern exam. Subsequently, Torres and O'Malley divorce one another, due to him having a sexual affair with Stevens, initially concealing it from Torres. Early in the fourth season, cardiothoracic surgeon Erica Hahn becomes Torres's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14507442",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Grey\"\nlittle package. Referring to Grey's tampering with Shepherd's trial, Pompeo said: \"\"Listen, what Meredith did clearly crossed a line. Derek has a right to be pissed.\"\" Following the tampering, Rhimes said she believes that Grey and Shepherd are meant to be together and that it in the end, they will end up with each other. Grey's relationship with Cristina Yang, has been looked upon as \"\"sisterhood\"\", and Yang has repeatedly referred to Grey as \"\"her person\"\". This led to the two being dubbed \"\"the twisted sisters\"\". At the conclusion of season three, the duo went on a \"\"honeymoon\"\" together, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3872901",
"chunk_text": "\"Derek Shepherd\"\nnote. They legalize their marriage in season seven in order to adopt Zola, a young African orphan treated for spina bifida. They briefly separate after Meredith tampers with their Alzheimer's trial, jeopardizing her career and tarnishing Derek's reputation. Zola is taken away from Meredith after a social worker finds out she and Derek are living separately. In later seasons, Derek often griped about how his subsequent interns and residents – mainly Lexie Grey, Shane Ross and Heather Brooks – did not quite measure up to Meredith. The social worker comes back and announces they are the official parents of Zola.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7931165",
"chunk_text": "\"Caterina Scorsone\"\nDempsey (the actor who plays Derek Shepherd). As of July 2010, Scorsone had been promoted to series regular for \"\"Private Practice\"\". She appeared in the third episode of the seventh season of \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" where Amelia and Derek started to reconcile their differences. In March 2014, Scorsone returned to \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" after a 3-year absence as a recurring guest star. In June of the same year, it was announced that she was promoted to series regular status for the show's 11th season. Caterina married Rob Giles of The Rescues in Toronto in June 2009. They have two daughters: Eliza (b.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14507412",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Grey\"\nis healthier than before, but still experiences snags as the two attempt to understand each other and navigate what they now look on as a permanent, long-term relationship. Meredith relies heavily on Cristina for emotional support and guidance. Eventually, Derek and Meredith decide to marry, but on their wedding day, the pair give their \"\"perfect\"\" wedding ceremony to Izzie and Alex, to marry each other during the planned ceremony instead. Meredith and Derek marry by writing their wedding vows on a post-it note. Meredith spends the majority of a season out of commission after donating part of her liver to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "579504",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nseason three, and Thatcher continuing to appear on the series. Adele Webber (Loretta Devine), is introduced as Richard's wife, who eventually acquires Alzheimer's, in the seventh season, and continued to make appearances until her death in season nine. Introduced as Preston's mother, Jane Burke (Diahann Carroll) makes occasional appearances until the fourth season. Denny Duquette (Jeffrey Dean Morgan), a patient with congestive heart failure, originates as one of Burke's patients, who goes on to propose to Stevens, after weeks of bonding between the two. Facing death, Stevens cuts Duquette's left ventricular assist device (LVAD), to elevate his position on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14507408",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Grey\"\nchest by impulsively inserting her hand to hold it until the bomb squad can remove it. Meredith has a series of one-night stands, including one with George, who is in love with her. When she cries in the middle of their encounter, their friendship temporarily ends. Meredith swears off her behavior, agrees to be friends only with Shepherd and embarks on a relationship with veterinarian Finn Dandridge (Chris O'Donnell). Derek regrets his decision to return to his wife, and Meredith must decide whether to continue a relationship with Finn, or allow Derek a second chance. When Ellis experiences a rare,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3872897",
"chunk_text": "\"Derek Shepherd\"\nCarolyn approved as she felt Meredith's gray perspective of life complemented Derek's tendency to see everything in black and white. Derek's background was generally a mystery for the first season and source of speculation amongst his colleagues due to his sudden departure from an established and highly respected practice in New York. In the season one finale, his past eventually catches up with him when his estranged wife Addison moves to Seattle and is offered a position by Dr. Webber. Shortly thereafter, his childhood best friend Mark joins Seattle Grace as the new head of plastic surgery. Derek and Addison",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8895435",
"chunk_text": "\"Derek Shepherd\"\nhe takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother. Derek was mentioned or referenced to a number of times in season 12 as the other characters struggle to cope with his sudden death. In the episode \"\"My Next Life\"\", Meredith had a flashback of their first ever surgery together when a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3872913",
"chunk_text": "\"Derek Shepherd\"\nus rooting for that person as a whole.\"\" With the show concluding its second season, Robert Bianco of \"\"USA Today\"\" said that Emmy voters could consider him because of the \"\"seemingly effortless way he humanizes Derek's 'dreamy' appeal with ego and vanity\"\". In the third season, Alan Sepinwall of \"\"The Star-Ledger\"\" wrote that \"\"the attempt to give the moral high ground back to McDreamy was bad. Dude, whatever happened in New York ceased to count in any kind of grievance tally once you agreed to take Addison back and give things another try. You're the dick who cheated on her,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19947534",
"chunk_text": "\"Private Practice (season 3)\"\nDell's condition is overlooked. Dr. Amelia Shepherd, younger sister of Derek Shepherd (Addison's ex-husband) operated on him, having just arrived in town. She was unable to resuscitate him following heart failure. Maya survived her operation to save her spinal cord and prevent paralysis while at the same time she gives birth to a girl, who also survives the ordeal. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In the third season, \"\"Private Practice\"\" aired on Thursdays at 10pm on Living, with the episode airing again (which aired that night) on Living+1 an hour later. The season averaged 251,000 viewers, 29% less than the second season. Private Practice",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12203710",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 13)\"\nconclusion of the previous season. On February 10, 2017, ABC renewed \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" for a fourteenth season. The season follows the story of surgical residents, fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set in the surgical wing of the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington. The season picks up right where it left off at Owen and Amelia's wedding. After Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) had found a drunk Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) with Andrew DeLuca (Giacomo Gianniotti) in a compromising situation during the previous season's finale, he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "579496",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nfrom New York, and orthopedic surgeon Callie Torres. Montgomery is Shepherd's estranged wife who arrives in Seattle seeking reconciliation with him, Sloan is Shepherd's former best friend, who aided the breakdown of his marriage by having an affair with Montgomery, while Torres is introduced as a love-interest, and eventual wife for O'Malley. The penultimate episode of season three introduces Lexie Grey, Meredith's half-sister who unexpectedly decides to pursue her internship at Seattle Grace Hospital after her mother's sudden death, and begins an on-again, off-again relationship with Sloan. Burke and Yang, having been engaged, endeavor to plan their wedding, while Montgomery",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15616978",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Palmer\"\nMichael hits Meredith with his car as he drives in to work, cracking her pelvis. The entire staff visits her in the hospital, where tests reveal that she may have rabies, likely on account of the previous season's Bat incident. Michael pesters her to forgive him, and she initially refuses, but later forgives him when she hears about the \"\"Rabies Awareness Fun Run\"\" he put together in her honor. Upon returning to the office in the third episode of the season, she approaches Jim Halpert and requests that he sign her cast — which is on her crotch — and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14140090",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nRubenstein, Cristina's mother, and Diahann Carroll portraying Jane Burke, Preston Burke's overly protective mother. Future \"\"Private Practice\"\" series regulars Amy Brenneman, Paul Adelstein, Tim Daly, Taye Diggs, Chris Lowell starred in the twenty-second and twenty-third episodes of the season, portraying Violet Turner, Cooper Freedman, Peter Wilder, Sam Bennett and William \"\"Dell\"\" Parker, respectively, in order to make the transition to the proposed spin-off. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> This season is the last to be produced by ABC Studios under title of Touchstone Television, as the company's decision to change its name occurred after the conclusion of the season. Shonda Rhimes returned as the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17997460",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nUnited Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) transplant list. This ultimately ends in his death, marking his initial departure from the show, and placing Stevens on disciplinary probation. Initially conceived as a veterinarian hired for Shepherd's dog, Doc, Dr. Finn Dandridge (Chris O'Donnell) soon becomes a love interest for Meredith, while Shepherd is with Montgomery. Dandridge is included in a multi-episode story arc, consisting of nine episodes, ending when Meredith reunites with Shepherd. In season three, George's father, Harold O'Malley (George Dzundza), is diagnosed with cancer and dies, with his wife Louise (Debra Monk) and George's brothers Jerry (Greg Pitts) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14768397",
"chunk_text": "\"Nate Fisher\"\nhim as well, they split up. The season ends on a cliffhanger, with Nate undergoing the high-risk surgical procedure required to save his life. The opening scene of the third season is Nate going into temporary cardiac arrest, causing the season to begin on a surreal note, exploring various possible outcomes of Nate's surgery and his life. However, the series then skips ahead in time to late 2002, where it is revealed that Nate was revived by doctors and the procedure was successful, and Nate and Lisa have married; their daughter, Maya, is three months old. Their relationship, however, is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15934025",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nChandra Wilson, James Pickens, Jr., Kate Walsh, Isaiah Washington, and Patrick Dempsey also returned, while previous guest stars Sara Ramirez and Eric Dane were promoted to series regulars, following the extension of their contracts. The season followed the continuation of the surgical residency of five young interns, as they experience the demands of the competitive field of medicine, which becomes defining in their personal evolution. Although set in fictional Seattle Grace Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington, filming primarily occurred in Los Angeles, California. Whereas the first season mainly focused on the impact the surgical field has on the main characters,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3872905",
"chunk_text": "\"Derek Shepherd\"\nuproot their young family. His youngest sister Amelia (Caterina Scorsone) takes over his position at Grey Sloan. Meanwhile, he and Meredith fight bitterly on and off over whether they should move. After a bad argument, he accepts the job in the heat of the moment and leaves for Washington. While there, he and Meredith talk things out over the phone and come to a mutual conclusion that they both did not want to end their marriage. He tells her that just being with her, raising their children and operating on patients was more satisfying than \"\"saving the world\"\". In season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10361141",
"chunk_text": "\"Addison Montgomery\"\nwith Addison after he sees that Meredith has moved on. When Addison finds out that Derek had sex with Meredith, she gets drunk and sleeps with Mark. He asks for a relationship, but she rejects him. During season two, Addison punishes Alex Karev, by putting him on her service, because he almost got her arrested. However, by season three, she begins to feel an attraction towards Alex and eventually sleeps with him, only to discover that he is not interested in a relationship with her. Feeling alone, Addison decides to have a baby and visits Naomi, who is a fertility",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13071093",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 9)\"\nstarts dating intern Stephanie Edwards (Jerrika Hinton), while Kepner starts dating a paramedic named Matthew (Justin Bruening). In May 2012, it was announced that six original cast mates, Ellen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Sandra Oh, Chandra Wilson, Justin Chambers, and James Pickens, Jr. had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Meredith Grey, Derek Shepherd, Cristina Yang, Miranda Bailey, Alex Karev, and Richard Webber respectively. In July 2012, it was announced that cast member Eric Dane would not be returning to \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" as a series regular, and would leave after two episodes to give his character a proper ending.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14507422",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Grey\"\nof the children and allow her to shine. Meredith attempts to regain some ground by starting a promising research trial 3-D printing portal veins. The conflict between Cristina and Meredith widens when Cristina commandeers Meredith's resources for her own trial, ultimately garnering a Harper Avery nomination for Cristina. Cristina and Meredith repair their relationship when Meredith confesses that Cristina was correct, her skills have surpassed Meredith's. Cristina moves to Switzerland take up a job offer from Dr. Preston Burke, her former attending, mentor and fiancé, who was looking for a replacement at a research hospital he was running, thus leaving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14507429",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Grey\"\nshe is violently attacked by a disoriented patient, and she supports him through his legal difficulties. Alex initiates a weekly family waffle day where he makes waffles for everyone in the house. Meredith recovers enough to start seeing Nathan Riggs, Owen Hunt's former best friend, by season 13, although their relationship is complicated by the fact that Maggie confesses to Meredith that she has feelings for Riggs and Meredith is not ready to declare their relationship formally or publicly. Eventually she accepts her relationship with Riggs, but it's complicated by the unexpected return of Owen's sister, Megan Hunt, Riggs' fiancée.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14507406",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Grey\"\ntrust her. Her surgical skills are solidly impressive and she shows a talent and patience for medical research trials and dealing with psychologically damaged patients. Meredith resists Derek's advances throughout her internship, but is eventually charmed into starting a relationship with him despite misgivings about an intern dating an attending. She is, therefore, shocked by the arrival of Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh), Derek's wife, unaware that he was married. Derek struggles to choose between the two, but ultimately returns to Addison, despite Meredith begging to be chosen instead. Meredith is devastated and turns to multiple, self-destructive means of coping. Initially",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14140091",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nseries' showrunner and executive producer. She also continued her position from the first two seasons as one of the most prominent members of the writing staff. Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon and Rob Corn also returned as executive producers, along with Mark Wilding, Peter Horton and Krista Vernoff, who have been in this position since the inception of the series. Allan Heinberg, however, joins the production team at the beginning of the third season as a co-executive producer, before his promotion to an executive. Kent Hodder, Nancy Bordson and Steve Mulholland served as executive producers for four episodes during the season.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19947532",
"chunk_text": "\"Private Practice (season 3)\"\nPrivate Practice (season 3) The third season of \"\"Private Practice\"\" premiered on October 1, 2009 and concluded on May 13, 2010. The season consisted of 23 episodes. In the third season, Violet survives from the cliffhanger from season two thanks to Pete, Naomi and Addison. She gives Pete their baby, Lucas, while she recovers from the ordeal. Addison and Sam get even closer and develop feelings for each other, but decide not to become a couple because they don't want to hurt Naomi. Charlotte and Cooper break up, and Dell loses Heather in an explosion which nearly kills Betsey also.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10007230",
"chunk_text": "\"The Departed (The Vampire Diaries)\"\nThe Departed (The Vampire Diaries) \"\"The Departed\"\" is the twenty-second and final episode of \"\"The Vampire Diaries's\"\" third season, premiering May 10, 2012 on The CW. During the episode, Elena remembers when life was simpler while the rest of her friends attempt to stay away from Alaric. In the episode's initial airing, it garnered 2.53 million viewers. In the third season finale, Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev) recovers in the hospital from her fall in the previous episode. Jeremy brings her back home, where Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola), Bonnie Bennett (Kat Graham), Jeremy Gilbert (Steven R. McQueen), Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11354942",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 2)\"\na detailed perspective on the personal background of each character, focusing on the consequences that their decisions have on their careers. Throughout the season, new story lines were introduced, including the love triangle between Meredith Grey, Derek Shepherd, and Addison Montgomery, the main arc of the season. Also heavily developed was the story line involving Izzie Stevens' relationship with patient Denny Duquette, which resulted in critical acclaim and positive fan response. The season kept its original airtime from the previous season, taking over \"\"Boston Legal\"\" time slot at 10:00 pm on Sundays, while airing as a lead-out to the already",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16778671",
"chunk_text": "\"Nathan Riggs\"\nmoving on from her late husband, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey). Meredith also learns that her half-sister, Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary), has developed a crush on Nathan, further separating Nathan and Meredith. Still, Nathan continues to pursue Meredith, and although she resists, they eventually begin a relationship after sleeping together again. The two stay together for some time, but just when things are on the verge of getting serious, Megan is found in the Season 13 finale. Meredith sends Nathan off to Megan, insisting that she would have done the same thing had it been Derek. Nathan and Megan initially have",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "18206652",
"chunk_text": "\"This Is Us (season 3)\"\nChris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Melanie Liburd, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, and Lyric Ross. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018, and is set to run for 18 episodes on NBC. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes. Main cast members Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas and Ron Cephas Jones return from the second season as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14507681",
"chunk_text": "\"Addison Montgomery\"\nAddison's presence, however, does reinvigorate their relationship, and ultimately leads to Derek choosing Addison over Meredith, despite Derek eventually admitting that he fell in love with Meredith. They attempt to return to their former life, taking residence in his trailer, and Addison becomes the head of a unique surgical service integrating neonatal surgery and obstetrics and gynecology. She realizes that Derek still has feelings for Meredith, and their marriage is tested further when Mark arrives in Seattle looking for Addison. Mark makes Addison realize that Derek is in love with Meredith and that he (Mark) does love her. Derek sleeps",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "14507424",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Grey\"\nhis career at the sacrifice of her own. They begin a series of on-and-off arguments and \"\"cold wars\"\" over their careers. Derek accepts the job in the heat of the moment and promptly leaves for Washington. During a phone call with Meredith, they agree to work things out after she tells him that she did not want them to become \"\"one of those couples\"\" and he reciprocates, saying that he missed her. She privately admits to Alex that she has realized that she could live independently of Derek, but chooses not to. Meredith finds out she has a maternal half",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "14140089",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nthe role of nurse Olivia Harper, former love interest of both George O'Malley and Alex Karev, Kali Rocha portraying fifth-year resident Sydney Heron, who enters a competition against Miranda Bailey and Callie Torres for the position of Chief Resident, Roger Rees in the role of Colin Marlowe, a cardiothoracic surgeon and Cristina Yang's former professor and lover, Jeff Perry portraying Meredith Grey's father, Thatcher Grey; Mare Winningham in the role of Susan Grey, Embeth Davidtz playing Derek Shepherd's sister Nancy Shepherd, a surgeon who is revealed to have slept with Mark Sloan; Tsai Chin in the role of Helen Yang",
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"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15616974",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Palmer\"\nIn the season 3 premiere, she is caught eating Angela Martin's alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and her excitement over merger-day champagne was quickly quashed by Michael who says the beverages are for \"\"guests only.\"\" In the producer's cut of \"\"Branch Closing\"\", she recalls a past agreement with a coworker to have sex together on the last day of work, but can't remember who she made the deal with. During a deleted scene from \"\"Back from Vacation,\"\" Meredith implies that her tendency to sleep around was worth it because she's \"\"seen the world.\"\" She joins Pam and Karen's party in \"\"A Benihana",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8946361",
"chunk_text": "\"Meredith Grey\"\nway through Europe once she graduates. However, after a month abroad, Meredith is called back to care for her mother, who has developed early-onset Alzheimer's disease. This news drives Meredith’s decision to obtain her M.D. The night before Meredith's internship begins, she has a one-night stand with Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), a stranger she meets at a bar. She discovers the next day that he is a recently hired attending; the new head of neurosurgery at her new workplace, Seattle Grace Hospital. Meredith is assigned to work under resident Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson), and befriends her fellow interns, George O'Malley",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18105452",
"chunk_text": "\"Didn't We Almost Have It All?\"\nDidn't We Almost Have It All? \"\"Didn't We Almost Have It All?\"\" is the third season finale and the 61st overall episode from the medical drama series, \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". The episode runs for 53:05 minutes, making it the longest episode of the series, excluding two-part episodes. The episode marked Isaiah Washington (Dr. Preston Burke)'s final appearance to the series until Season 10, Episode 22 entitled 'We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together'. It was Kate Walsh (Addison Montgomery)'s last episode with regular billing who became a main character in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" spin-off \"\"Private Practice\"\" and Chyler Leigh (Dr. Lexie Grey)'s",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2080525",
"chunk_text": "\"Laguna Beach (season 3)\"\nKyndra/Cami and their friends making them feel unwelcome. Meanwhile, Tessa Began a short relationship between Cameron Brinkman and an on-off relationship between Derek LeBon. Raquel began dating Alex Atkinson which became a main storyline throughout the series along with trying to befriend her ex-bestfriend Breanna Conrad In the season finale It was shown the Seniors Alex/Derek/Kelan And chase moving on to college and the Juniors Tessa/Raquel/Lexie/Cami/Kyndra and Breanna Become Seniors. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Laguna Beach (season 3) The third season of \"\"\"\", an American reality television series, consists of 16 episodes and was broadcast on MTV. It aired from August 16,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14140083",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nthe surgical wing of the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital. Ellen Pompeo portrayed Meredith Grey, both the protagonist and the narrator of the series, whose main goal is achieving a balance between the difficulties of the internship, and the complicated relationships in her private life. Sandra Oh portrayed Cristina Yang, who quickly develops as Meredith's best friend, despite the continuous competition against the other interns. Katherine Heigl portrayed intern Isobel \"\"Izzie\"\" Stevens, mourning the death of her fiancé as she unexpectedly decides to quit her job; she concludes that she is too personally involved with her patients. Justin Chambers acted as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14140081",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\nproposed spin-off, \"\"Private Practice\"\", focusing on the departure of Walsh's character, Dr. Addison Montgomery. The series ended its third season with an average of 19.22 million viewers per episode and a 6.8/35 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, ranking eighth in the television season, outperformed by \"\"CSI\"\". Television critics expressed a mainly negative outlook on the development of the series throughout the season, with the reviews ranging from mixed to unfavorable, as exaggeration and lack of realism have been highlighted as the main issues in the declining quality of the storylines. Despite the negative critical response, the performance of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3872903",
"chunk_text": "\"Derek Shepherd\"\ntells him a more risky surgery could give him back full function of his hand or reduce its function if it goes wrong, he agrees, accepting the possibility of never again holding a scalpel. Derek recovers well and Callie clears him to return to work, but it is still weeks later that he feels ready to operate. Derek, Callie and fellow resident Jackson Avery decide to do nerve transplant for his hand. Meredith, newly pregnant with their second child, goes behind his back and calls his sisters so they can donate a nerve to him. Lizzie (Neve Campbell), Derek's younger",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14140104",
"chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 3)\"\ncharacteristics they had been looking for in the actress for the part were strength and vulnerability. He also called Reaser's performance \"\"heart-wrenching and wonderful\"\". Betsy Beers, the show's supervising executive producer, found Izzie to have been marked for life by Denny's death, which matured her \"\"in a very sobering way\"\", but played a major role in making her feel more confident. She also noted the undeniable connection between Izzie and Alex Karev, whose desire to do honorable things has been compared with his \"\"cutting and sarcastic\"\" personality. After Izzie's continuous efforts to change Alex during their relationship in the previous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_920
|
where does the red wolf live in the world?
|
n/a
|
[
"the southeastern United States",
"southeastern United States"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nRed wolf The red wolf (\"\"Canis lupus rufus\"\" or \"\"Canis rufus\"\") is a canid native to the southeastern United States. Morphologically it is intermediate between the coyote and gray wolf, and is of a reddish, tawny color. The Red Wolf is a federally listed endangered species of the United States and is protected by law. It has been listed by IUCN as a critically endangered species since 1996. It is considered the rarest species of wolf and is one of the five most endangered species of canid in the world. Red wolves were originally distributed throughout the eastern United States",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "15329022",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nThe originally recognized red wolf range extended throughout the southeastern United States from the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, north to the Ohio River Valley and central Pennsylvania, and west to Central Texas and southeastern Missouri. Research into paleontological, archaeological and historical specimens of red wolves by Ronald Nowak expanded their known range to include land south of the Saint Lawrence River in Canada, along the eastern seaboard, and west to Missouri and mid-Illinois, terminating in the southern latitudes of Central Texas. Since 1987, red wolves have been released into northeastern North Carolina, where they roam 1.7 million acres. These lands",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13399769",
"chunk_text": "\"Red deer\"\nRed deer The red deer (\"\"Cervus elaphus\"\") is one of the largest deer species. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, Iran, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa, being the only species of deer to inhabit Africa. Red deer have been introduced to other areas, including Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, Peru, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina. In many parts of the world, the meat (venison) from red deer is used as a food source. Red deer are ruminants,",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "3501227",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nfrom the Atlantic Ocean to central Texas, and in the north from the Ohio River Valley, northern Pennsylvania and southern New York south to the Gulf of Mexico. The red wolf was nearly driven to extinction by the mid-1900s due to aggressive predator-control programs, habitat destruction, and extensive hybridization with coyotes. By the late 1960s, it occurred in small numbers in the Gulf Coast of western Louisiana and eastern Texas. Fourteen of these survivors were selected to be the founders of a captive-bred population, which was established in the Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium between 1974 and 1980. After a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20634526",
"chunk_text": "\"Red fox\"\nRed fox The red fox (\"\"Vulpes vulpes\"\") is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, North America and Eurasia. It is listed as least concern by the IUCN. Its range has increased alongside human expansion, having been introduced to Australia, where it is considered harmful to native mammals and bird populations. Due to its presence in Australia, it is included among the list of the \"\"world's 100 worst invasive species\"\". The red fox originated from",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13399798",
"chunk_text": "\"Red deer\"\nand the United States showed their ideas of horn furniture and a kind of series manufacturing began. Heinrich Friedrich Christoph Rampendahl and Friedrich Wenzel are only two acknowledged companies to be named. In recent times deer antler home decors can be found in home styling magazines. Red deer The red deer (\"\"Cervus elaphus\"\") is one of the largest deer species. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, Iran, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa, being the only species of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17469489",
"chunk_text": "\"Red fox\"\nwhen the GPS collar stopped transmitting, due to suspected water damage. Along with setting a record for the longest journey undertaken by a tracked fox in the United Kingdom, his travels have highlighted the fluidity of movement between rural and urban fox populations. Red fox The red fox (\"\"Vulpes vulpes\"\") is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, North America and Eurasia. It is listed as least concern by the IUCN. Its range has increased",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15926131",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nthe wolves were relocated to North Carolina in 1998, ending the effort to reintroduce the species to the park. In 1996, the red wolf is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a critically endangered species. In 2007, the USFWS estimated that 300 red wolves remained in the world, with 207 of those in captivity. By 1999, introgression of coyote genes was recognized as the single greatest threat to wild red wolf recovery and an adaptive management plan which included coyote sterilization has been successful, with coyote genes being reduced by 2015 to < 4% of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3501228",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nsuccessful experimental relocation to Bulls Island off the coast of South Carolina in 1978, the red wolf was declared extinct in the wild in 1980 to proceed with restoration efforts. In 1987, the captive animals were released into the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge on the Albemarle Peninsula in North Carolina, with a second release, since reversed, taking place two years later in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Of 63 red wolves released from 1987–1994, the population rose to as many as 100–120 individuals in 2012, but has declined to 40 individuals in 2018. The red wolf's taxonomic status",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15926138",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nthe red wolf, and ruled that USFWS had no power to give landowners the right to shoot them. In late 2018, two canids that are largely coyote were found on Galveston Island, Texas with redwolf alleles (gene expressions) left from a ghost population of red wolves. These alleles are from a different population to the redwolves in the North Carolina captive breeding program. It is proposed to reintroduce these alleles into the current captive and experimental populations (selectively breed these gene expressions back). Red wolf The red wolf (\"\"Canis lupus rufus\"\" or \"\"Canis rufus\"\") is a canid native to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3501235",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nof the continent. They existed in the arid areas and across the open plains, including the prairie regions of the midwestern states. Early explorers found some in Indiana and Wisconsin. From the mid-1800s coyotes began expanding beyond their original range. The taxonomic debate regarding North American wolves can be summarised as follows: The paleontologist Ronald M. Nowak notes that the oldest fossil remains of the red wolf are 10,000 years old and were found in Florida near Melbourne, Brevard County, Withlacoochee River, Citrus County, and Devil's Den Cave, Levy County. He notes that there are only a few, but questionable,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1891444",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nWolf The wolf (\"\"Canis lupus\"\"), also known as the grey/gray wolf or timber wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America. It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females . It is distinguished from other \"\"Canis\"\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle. Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur. \"\"Mammal Species of the World\"\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15328992",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nfossil remains of the gray wolf found in the southeastern states. He proposes that following the extinction of the dire wolf, the coyote appears to have been displaced from the southeast of the US by the red wolf until last century, when the extirpation of wolves allowed the coyote to expand its range. He also proposes that the ancestor of all North American and Eurasian wolves was \"\"C. mosbachensis\"\", which lived in the Middle Pleistocene 700,000–300,000 years ago. \"\"C. mosbachensis\"\" was a wolf that once lived across Eurasia before going extinct. It was smaller than most North American wolf populations",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10620206",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nrather than predatory in nature, with at least four proven records of tigers killing wolves without consuming them. The gray wolf was once one of the world's most widely distributed mammals, living throughout the northern hemisphere north of 15°N latitude in North America and 12°N in India. However, deliberate human persecution has reduced the species' range to about one third, because of livestock predation and fear of attacks on humans. The species is now extinct in much of Western Europe, in Mexico and much of the United States. In modern times, the gray wolf occurs mostly in wilderness and remote",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3606160",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nestimated at 10,000–30,000, while the status of wolves in China is more fragmentary. The north has a declining population of an estimated 400 wolves, while Xinjiang and Tibet hold about 10,000 and 2,000 respectively. In 2008, an authoritative reference stated that the gray wolf could be found across mainland China. In 2017, a comprehensive study found that the gray wolf was present across all of mainland China, both in the past and today. It exists in southern China, which refutes claims made by some researchers in the Western world that the wolf had never existed in southern China. Originally, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3606157",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\ncountries, while Saudi Arabia has vast tracts of desert, where about 300–600 wolves live undisturbed. The wolf survives throughout most of its historical range in Saudi Arabia, probably because of a lack of pastoralism and abundant human waste. Turkey may play an important role in maintaining wolves in the region, because of its contiguity with Central Asia. The mountains of Turkey have served as a refuge for the few wolves remaining in Syria. A small wolf population occurs in the Golan Heights, and is well protected by the military activities there. Wolves living in the southern Negev desert are contiguous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14172143",
"chunk_text": "\"Red deer\"\n\"\"Cervus\"\" genus ancestors of red deer first appear in fossil records 12 million years ago during the Miocene in Eurasia. The European red deer is found in southwestern Asia (Asia Minor and Caucasus regions), North Africa and Europe. The red deer is the largest non-domesticated land mammal still existing in Ireland. The Barbary stag (which resembles the western European red deer) is the only member of the deer family represented in Africa, with the population centred in the northwestern region of the continent in the Atlas Mountains. As of the mid-1990s, Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria were the only African countries",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8914650",
"chunk_text": "\"Black wolf\"\nwith dark fur out of a total of fourteen. Black wolves rarely occur in Europe and Asia, where interactions with domestic dogs have been reduced over the past thousand years due to the depletion of wild wolf populations. They have occasionally appeared, as wolf-dog hybrids are known in Russia as \"\"black wolves\"\", and currently, 20–25% of Italy's wolf population is composed of black animals. They are more common in North America; about half of the wolves in the reintroduced wolf population in Wyoming's Yellowstone National Park are black. Like Pyrenees Wolves, Black wolves do not live in France. In southern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3068875",
"chunk_text": "\"Red fox\"\nArctic Circle to North Africa, Central America, and Asia. They are absent in Iceland, the Arctic islands, some parts of Siberia, and in extreme deserts. Red foxes are not present in New Zealand and are classed as a \"\"prohibited new organism\"\" under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, preventing them from being imported. In Australia, 2012 estimates indicate that there are more than 7.2 million red foxes with a range extending throughout most of the continental mainland. The species became established in Australia through successive introductions by settlers in 1830s in the British colonies of Van Diemen's Land",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6302330",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\n19th century, gray wolves were widespread in many parts of the Holy Land east and west of the Jordan River. However, they decreased considerably in number between 1964 and 1980, largely because of persecution by farmers. The species was not considered common in northern and central Saudi Arabia during the 19th century, with most early publications involving animals either from southwestern Asir, northern rocky areas bordering Jordan, or areas surrounding Riyadh. The gray wolf's range in the Soviet Union encompassed nearly the entire territory of the country, being absent only on the Solovetsky Islands, Franz-Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya, and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6302383",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nwolves are sometimes kept as exotic pets and, in some rarer occasions, as working animals. Although closely related to domesticated dogs, wolves do not show the same tractability as dogs in living alongside humans, and generally, much more work is required in order to obtain the same amount of reliability. Wolves also need much more space than dogs, about , so they can exercise. Wolf The wolf (\"\"Canis lupus\"\"), also known as the grey/gray wolf or timber wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America. It is the largest extant member of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3606158",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nwith populations living in the Egyptian Sinai and Jordan. Throughout the Middle East, the species is only protected in Israel. Elsewhere, it can be hunted year-round by Bedouins. Little is known of current wolf populations in Iran, which once occurred throughout the country in low densities during the mid-1970s. The northern regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan are important strongholds for the wolf. It has been estimated that there are about 300 wolves in approximately of Jammu and Kashmir in northern India, and 50 more in Himachal Pradesh. Overall, India supports about 800-3,000 wolves, scattered among several remnant populations. Although protected",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20614114",
"chunk_text": "\"Ethiopian wolf\"\nEthiopian wolf The Ethiopian wolf (\"\"Canis simensis\"\") is a canid native to the Ethiopian Highlands. It is similar to the coyote in size and build, and is distinguished by its long and narrow skull, and its red and white fur. Unlike most large canids, which are widespread, generalist feeders, the Ethiopian wolf is a highly specialised feeder of Afroalpine rodents with very specific habitat requirements. It is one of the world's rarest canids, and Africa's most endangered carnivore. The species' current range is limited to seven isolated mountain ranges at altitudes of 3,000–4,500 m, with the overall adult population estimated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3606159",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nsince 1972, Indian wolves are classed as endangered, with many populations lingering in low numbers or living in areas increasingly used by humans. Although present in Nepal and Bhutan, there is no information of wolves occurring there. Wolf populations throughout Northern and Central Asia are largely unknown, but are estimated in the hundreds of thousands based on annual harvests. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, continent-wide extermination of wolves has ceased, and wolf populations have increased to about 25,000–30,000 animals throughout the former Soviet Union. In China and Mongolia, wolves are only protected in reserves. Mongolian populations have been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1891564",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nearly 1950s to the early 1960s, mostly by poisoning. This campaign was halted and wolf populations increased again by the mid-1970s. The species' modern range in North America is mostly confined to Alaska and Canada, with populations also occurring in northern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula, and small portions of Washington, Idaho, northern Oregon, and Montana. A functional wolf population should exist in California by 2024 according to estimates by state wildlife officials. Canadian wolves began to naturally re-colonize northern Montana around Glacier National Park in 1979, and the first wolf den in the western U.S. in over",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14723253",
"chunk_text": "\"Wildlife of China\"\ncanids, has two subspecies in China—the Eurasian wolf, which is found across Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang in the northern fringe of the country, and the Tibetan wolf, which lives on the Tibetan Plateau. Some of the earliest dogs may have been domesticated in East Asia, and several Chinese dog breeds including the shar-pei and chow chow are among the most ancient in terms of DNA similarity to the gray wolf. The dhole is closely related to jackals and coyotes and found throughout China. The red fox, the largest fox species, can be found in every part of China except",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15240415",
"chunk_text": "\"Erythrinus erythrinus\"\nErythrinus erythrinus Erythrinus erythrinus, the red wolf fish, is a relatively small species of trahira (family Erythrinidae) from freshwater habitats in South America. \"\"E. erythrinus\"\" is a South American freshwater fish that is native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins, as well as rivers in the Guianas. The species is also reported as native to the Paraná—Paraguay basin, including the Pantanal, but the population in the lower Paraná basin and Iguazu basin may be an undescribed species. \"\"E. erythrinus\"\" has been introduced to the upper Paraná basin where not native. It mainly lives in creeks and marshes where the water",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3501272",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\neastern Texas, where more than 800 had been caught in 1939 because of their attacks on livestock. He did not believe that they could be exterminated because of their habit of living concealed in thickets. In 1962 a study of skull morphology of wild \"\"Canis\"\" in the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas indicated that the red wolf existed in only a few populations due to hybridization with the coyote. The explanation was that either the red wolf could not adapt to changes to its environment due to human land-use along with its accompanying influx of competing coyotes from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15328988",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nTexan Wolf\"\" as \"\"C. l. var rufus\"\" that existed from northern Arkansas, through Texas, and into Mexico. In 1912 the zoologist Gerrit Smith Miller Jr. noted that the designation \"\"arer\"\" was unavailable and recorded these wolves as \"\"C. l. floridanus\"\". In 1937 the zoologist Edward Alphonso Goldman proposed a new species of wolf \"\"Canis rufus\"\". Three subspecies of red wolf were originally recognized by Goldman with two of these subspecies now being extinct. The Florida black wolf (\"\"Canis rufus floridanus\"\") (Maine to Florida) has been extinct since 1908 and Gregory's wolf (\"\"Canis rufus gregoryi\"\") (south-central United States) was declared extinct",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6626329",
"chunk_text": "\"Italian wolf\"\nItalian wolf The Italian wolf (\"\"Canis lupus italicus\"\"), also known as the Apennine wolf, is a subspecies of grey wolf native to the Italian Peninsula. It inhabits the Apennine Mountains and the Western Alps, though it is undergoing expansion towards the north and east. As of 2005, the Italian wolf population is estimated to consist of 500 individuals. It has been strictly protected in Italy since the 1970s, when the population reached a low of 70–100 individuals. The population is increasing in number, though illegal hunting and persecution still constitute a threat. A 2016 survey conducted by the Istituto superiore",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11097438",
"chunk_text": "Holarctic\nIt once occupied much larger areas, but has been driven out by human development and the resulting habitat fragmentation. Today it is only found in remaining wilderness areas. The grey wolf (\"\"Canis lupus\"\") is found in a wide variety of habitats from tundra to desert, with different populations adapted for each. Its historical distribution encompasses the vast majority of the Holarctic realm, though human activities such as development and active extermination have extirpated the species from much of this range. The red fox (\"\"Vulpes vulpes\"\") is a highly adaptable predator. It has the widest distribution of any terrestrial carnivore, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3606156",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nin response to these climatological and ecological pressures. \"\"C. l. hattai\"\" (formerly native to Hokkaidō) was significantly larger than its southern cousin \"\"C. l. hodophilax\"\", as it inhabited higher elevations and had access to larger prey, as well as a continuing genetic interaction with dispersing wolves from Siberia. There is little reliable data on the status of wolves in the Middle East, save for those in Israel and Saudi Arabia, though their numbers appear to be stable, and are likely to remain so. Israel's conservation policies and effective law enforcement maintain a moderately sized wolf population, which radiates into neighbouring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3068874",
"chunk_text": "\"Red fox\"\nfoxes, especially when the depth of the snow exceeds one metre. In the Velikoluki district in Russia, red foxes are absent or are seen only occasionally where lynxes establish permanent territories. Researchers consider lynxes to represent considerably less danger to red foxes than wolves do. North American felid predators of red foxes include cougars, Canadian lynxes and bobcats. Occasionally, large raptors such as Eurasian eagle owls will prey on young foxes, while golden eagles have been known to kill adults. Red foxes are wide-ranging animals, whose range covers nearly . They are distributed across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7080513",
"chunk_text": "\"Italian wolf\"\nin Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Finland. Wolf populations have commenced recovering naturally since then. The Italian wolf was widespread in the Italian Peninsula, including Sicily, until the mid-1800s. The extermination of the grey wolf in Italy was not as complete as in Northern Europe, due to greater cultural tolerance of the species. It was largely extirpated in the Alps during the 1920s, and disappeared from Sicily in the 1940s. Its range along the south-central Apennines was still relatively continuous by the 1950s, though this population was reduced in the decades after World War II because of widespread poisoning campaigns.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3501231",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\na recent hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote, an ancient hybrid of the gray wolf and the coyote which warrants species status, or a distinct species that has undergone recent hybridization with the coyote. The naturalists John James Audubon and John Bachman were the first to suggest that the wolves of the southern United States were different from wolves in its other regions. In 1851 they recorded the \"\"Black American Wolf\"\" as \"\"C. l. var arer\"\" that existed in Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Kentucky, southern Indiana, southern Missouri, Louisiana, and northern Texas. They also recorded the \"\"Red",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15926121",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nspan five counties (Dare, Hyde, Tyrrell, Washington, and Beaufort) and include three national wildlife refuges, a U.S. Air Force bombing range, and private land. The red wolf recovery program is unique for a large carnivore reintroduction in that more than half of the land used for reintroduction lies on private property. Approximately are federal and state lands, and are private lands. Beginning in 1991, red wolves were also released into the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in eastern Tennessee. However, due to exposure to environmental disease (parvovirus), parasites, and competition (with coyotes as well as intraspecific aggression), the red wolf",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3501239",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nencountered in Florida that was larger than a dog, but was black in contrast to the larger yellow-brown wolves of Pennsylvania and Canada. In 1851 the naturalists John James Audubon and John Bachman described the \"\"Red Texan Wolf\"\" in detail. They noted that it could be found in Florida and other southeastern states, but it differed from other North American wolves and named it \"\"Canis lupus rufus\"\". It was described as being more fox-like than the gray wolf, but retaining the same \"\"sneaking, cowardly, yet ferocious disposition\"\". In 1905 the mammologist Vernon Bailey referred to the \"\"Texan Red Wolf\"\" with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1516774",
"chunk_text": "\"Roe deer\"\nroe deer is distinct from the somewhat larger Siberian roe deer (\"\"Capreolus pygargus\"\") found from the Ural Mountains to as far east as China and Siberia. The two species meet at the Caucasus Mountains, with the European species occupying the southern flank of the mountain ranges and adjacent Asia Minor, and the Siberian species occupying the northern flank of the mountain ranges. It is known that there are roe deer that live in the Red Forest near Chernobyl. The roe deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of , a shoulder height of , and a weight",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20634535",
"chunk_text": "\"Red fox\"\nthe Wisconsinan. The northern (or boreal) refugium occurs in Alaska and western Canada, and consists of the large subspecies \"\"V. v. alascensis\"\", \"\"V. v. abietorum\"\", \"\"V. v. regalis\"\", and \"\"V. v. rubricosa\"\". The southern (or montane) refugium occurs in the subalpine parklands and alpine meadows of the Rocky Mountains, the Cascade Range, and Sierra Nevada. It encompasses the subspecies \"\"V. v. macroura\"\", \"\"V. v. cascadensis\"\", and \"\"V. v. necator\"\". The latter clade has been separated from all other red fox populations since the last glacial maximum, and may possess unique ecological or physiological adaptations. Although European foxes were introduced to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15329037",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\npropagation project was initiated with release of a population on Horn Island off the Mississippi coast. This population was removed in 1998 because of a likelihood of encounters with humans. The third island propagation project introduced a population on St. Vincent Island, Florida, offshore between Cape San Blas and Apalachicola, Florida, in 1990, and in 1997, the fourth island propagation program introduced a population to Cape St. George Island, Florida, south of Apalachicola. In 1991, two pairs were reintroduced into the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, where the last known red wolf was killed in 1905. Despite some early success,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10620217",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nsmall and isolated wolf populations expanded in the wake of decreased human density in rural areas and the recovery of wild prey populations. The gray wolf has been fully protected in Italy since 1976, and now holds a population of over 1,269–1,800. Italian wolves entered France's Mercantour National Park in 1993, and at least fifty wolves were discovered in the western Alps in 2000. By 2013 the 250 wolves in the Western Alps imposed a significant burden on traditional sheep and goat husbandry with a loss of over 5,000 animals in 2012. There are approximately 2,000 wolves inhabiting the Iberian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6302310",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nIUCN Red List. In Europe, the oldest gray wolf remains were found in France and date to 400,000–350,000 years ago. Wolf populations strongly declined across Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries largely due to human persecution, and by the end of the Second World War they had been eradicated from all of Central Europe and almost all of Northern Europe. The extermination of Northern Europe's wolves first became an organized effort during the Middle Ages, and continued until the late 19th century. In England, wolf persecution was enforced by legislation, and the last wolf was killed in the early",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4216100",
"chunk_text": "\"Red river hog\"\nRed river hog The red river hog (\"\"Potamochoerus porcus\"\"), also known as the bush pig (but not to be confused with \"\"P. larvatus\"\", common name \"\"bushpig\"\"), is a wild member of the pig family living in Africa, with most of its distribution in the Guinean and Congolian forests. It is rarely seen away from rainforests, and generally prefers areas near rivers or swamps. The red river hog has striking orange to reddish-brown fur, with black legs and a tufted white stripe along the spine. Adults have white markings around the eyes and on the cheeks and jaws; the rest of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4059382",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nand a coyote from Mexico represented the purest specimens. The coyotes from Alaska, California, Alabama, and Quebec show almost no wolf ancestry. Coyotes from Missouri, Illinois, and Florida exhibit 5–10% wolf ancestry. There was 40%:60% wolf to coyote ancestry in red wolves, 60%:40% in Eastern timber wolves, and 75%:25% in the Great Lakes wolves. There was 10% coyote ancestry in Mexican wolves and the Atlantic Coast wolves, 5% in Pacific Coast and Yellowstone wolves, and less than 3% in Canadian archipelago wolves. The study indicates that the genomic ancestry of red, Eastern timber and Great Lakes wolves were the result",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4059384",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nthe genus \"\"Canis\"\", and is generally intermediate in size between the coyote and gray wolf, though some specimens may overlap in size with small gray wolves. A study of \"\"Canis\"\" morphometrics conducted in eastern North Carolina reported that red wolves are morphometrically distinct from coyotes and hybrids. Adults measure 136–160 cm (53.5–63 in) in length, and weigh 23–39 kg (50-85 lbs). Its pelage is typically more reddish and sparsely furred than the coyote's and gray wolf's, though melanistic individuals do occur. Its fur is generally tawny to grayish in color, with light markings around the lips and eyes. The red",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15926124",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nThis suggests that red wolves are habitat generalists and can thrive in most settings where prey populations are adequate and persecution by humans is slight. Before the arrival of Europeans, the red wolf featured prominently in Cherokee mythology, where it is known as \"\"wa'ya\"\" (ᏩᏯ), said to be the companion of Kana'ti the hunter and father of the Aniwaya or Wolf Clan. Cherokees generally avoided killing red wolves, as such an act was believed to bring about the vengeance of the killed animals' pack-mates. In 1940 the biologist Stanley P. Young noted that the red wolf was still common in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5892425",
"chunk_text": "\"Italian wolf\"\nanimals. Italian wolf The Italian wolf (\"\"Canis lupus italicus\"\"), also known as the Apennine wolf, is a subspecies of grey wolf native to the Italian Peninsula. It inhabits the Apennine Mountains and the Western Alps, though it is undergoing expansion towards the north and east. As of 2005, the Italian wolf population is estimated to consist of 500 individuals. It has been strictly protected in Italy since the 1970s, when the population reached a low of 70–100 individuals. The population is increasing in number, though illegal hunting and persecution still constitute a threat. A 2016 survey conducted by the Istituto",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3501270",
"chunk_text": "\"Red wolf\"\nwide historical distribution, red wolves probably used a large suite of habitat types at one time. The last naturally occurring population used coastal prairie marshes, swamps, and agricultural fields used to grow rice and cotton. However, this environment probably does not typify preferred red wolf habitat. Some evidence shows the species was found in highest numbers in the once extensive bottom-land river forests and swamps of the southeastern United States. Red wolves reintroduced into northeastern North Carolina have used habitat types ranging from agricultural lands to forest/wetland mosaics characterized by an overstory of pine and an understory of evergreen shrubs.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10620130",
"chunk_text": "Wolf\nspecies. The basal position of the coyote compared to the wolf is proposed to be due to the coyote retaining more of the mitochondrial genome of this unknown canid. In 2013, a genetic study found that the wolf population in Europe was divided along a north-south axis and formed five major clusters. Three clusters were identified occupying southern and central Europe in Italy, the Dinaric-Balkans, the Carpathians. Another two clusters were identified occupying north-central Europe and the Ukrainian steppe. The Italian wolf consisted of an isolated population with low genetic diversity. Wolves from Croatia, Bulgaria, and Greece formed the Dinaric-Balkans",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11600504",
"chunk_text": "\"Red goral\"\nRed goral The red goral (\"\"Naemorhedus baileyi\"\") is a species of even-toed ungulate in the subfamily Caprinae in the family Bovidae. It is found in India, Tibet and Myanmar. Its natural habitats are seasonal mountainous areas 1,000 to 2,000 meters above sea level. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. The genus name \"\"Naemorhedus\"\" is derived from the Latin words \"\"nemus\"\" (genitive \"\"nemoris\"\"), meaning \"\"forest\"\", and \"\"haedus\"\", meaning a young goat. Reports dating back to 1912 of a remarkable foxy-red coloured goral or goat-antelope (Nemorhaedus) from S.E. Tibet and N.E. Assam have been investigated. One of the earliest recorded",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_921
|
who has played in the most premier league derbies?
|
n/a
|
[
"Neville Southall"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19632059",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenal F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry\"\nascendancy of other clubs including local rivals of both (Chelsea,Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City). Arsenal and Manchester United first played a competitive match in October 1894; as of April 2018, the two clubs have faced each other 228 times in total. United have won 96 to Arsenal's 82, and 50 matches have ended in a draw. Wayne Rooney has scored the most goals in the fixture with 12, while Ryan Giggs has made the highest number of appearances with 50. Several players have featured for both clubs at different stages of their career, including Brian Kidd, Andy Cole, David Platt,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3230760",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nSix of them have won the title since then: Manchester United (13), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Manchester City (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), and Leicester City (1). Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal acquired the nickname \"\"The Invincibles\"\" as they became, and still remain, the only club to complete a Premier League campaign without losing a single game. The record of most points in a Premier League season is 100 by Manchester City in 2017–18. Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late 1980s marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5509995",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Month\"\nSturridge, Luis Suárez, Harry Kane, Jamie Vardy, Sergio Agüero and Son Heung-min. Robbie Keane has won the award while playing for three clubs, while 12 players have won the award playing for two clubs: Alan Shearer, Dion Dublin, David Ginola, Dwight Yorke, Tim Flowers, Teddy Sheringham, Danny Murphy, Andrew Johnson, Nicolas Anelka, Dimitar Berbatov, Scott Parker, Robin van Persie. The award has been shared on six occasions: by Blackburn Rovers's Alan Shearer and Chris Sutton in November 1994, Liverpool's Robbie Fowler and Stan Collymore in January 1996, Southampton's Kevin Davies and Manchester United's Andy Cole in November 1997, Arsenal's Dennis",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20225409",
"chunk_text": "\"Potteries derby\"\nbeing seven derbies ago. This list shows all competitive senior matches in the English Football League, the FA Cup, League Cup, and League Trophy. Matches from wartime competitions, friendlies, Staffordshire Senior Cup, and other minor cup competitions are not included. Note that the league system was re-organized in 1992 with the creation of the Premier League and in 2004 with the league re-branding. \"\"As of 12 January 2009\"\" These are the major footballing honours of Port Vale and Stoke City. The player with the most appearances in derby games is Tom Holford, who played nine times in Stoke colours and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3230816",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nLeague from 1996 to his retirement at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season, and holds the record for most matches managed in the Premier League with 828, all with Arsenal. He broke the record set by Alex Ferguson, who had managed 810 matches with Manchester United from the Premier League's inception to his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season. Ferguson was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season, meaning he was manager for the last five years of the old Football League First Division and all of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13927771",
"chunk_text": "Liverpool\nthe 'friendly derby' despite there having been more sending-offs in this fixture than any other. However, unlike many other derbies, it is not rare for families in the city to contain supporters of both clubs. Liverpool F.C. is the English and British club with the most European Cup titles with five, the latest in 2005. Everton F.C. were founded in 1878 and play at Goodison Park and Liverpool F.C. were founded in 1892 and play at Anfield. Many high-profile players have played for the clubs, including Dixie Dean, Alan Ball, Gary Lineker, Neville Southall and Wayne Rooney for Everton F.C.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3230825",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nhis fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league. The Premier League maintains two trophies – the genuine trophy (held by the reigning champions) and a spare replica. Two trophies are held in the event that two clubs could win the League on the final day of the season. In the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3230824",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nand Philippe Coutinho is now the most expensive transfer involving a Premier League club at £106 million. The highest transfer fee paid by a Premier League club is £89 million for Paul Pogba. The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-eight players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 players from 10 clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17958557",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Boot\"\nPremier League Golden Boot, with Henry achieving this on two occasions (2004 and 2005). Shearer, Hasselbaink and Van Persie are the only players to win the Golden Boot with two clubs. Andy Cole and Shearer – with 34 goals in 1993–94 and 1994–95, respectively – scored the most goals to win the Golden Boot when the Premier League was a 42-game season, Mohamed Salah with 32 goals in 2017–18 holds the record for the current 38-game season, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19260008",
"chunk_text": "\"Manchester derby\"\nthe League Cup) have been played between both clubs, but they have never met in the final of any senior competition. (Charity/Community Shields includes shared honours after a drawn match, as per competition regulations prior to 1993)<br> Manchester United = 17 outright, 4 shared<br> A large number of non-competitive Manchester derbies have taken place. The majority of these occurred during the Second World War, when a total of 44 matches were played between the teams. In recent years, non-competitive matches between the teams have generally been testimonials, such as those for Paul Lake and Denis Irwin. In 1978, for Colin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19409618",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenal F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry\"\nthis period, there was enmity between the two longest serving managers in Premier League history, Arsenal's Arsène Wenger (1996–2018) and United's Sir Alex Ferguson (1986–2013), and their former club captains Patrick Vieira and Roy Keane. Both managers spurred each other on for greater success, and the contests often involved on-field trouble – seven red cards were shown in matches from February 1997 to February 2005. The league fixture in September 2003, known as the \"\"Battle of Old Trafford\"\", was marred by a mêlée instigated by Arsenal players, who felt striker Ruud van Nistelrooy had cheated to get Vieira sent off.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2263799",
"chunk_text": "\"North London derby\"\nRobert Pires, with eight goals each. Adebayor also holds the record for most goals by a player in the North London derby with ten: eight scored for Arsenal and two for Tottenham. Arsenal's long-time defender David O'Leary holds the record for most North London derbies played with 35, while Gary Mabbutt and Steve Perryman shared the corresponding record for Spurs, with 31. Terry Dyson is the only Spurs player to score a hat-trick in a first-class derby game, having done so on 26 August 1961 in a 4–3 win for Spurs. The Arsenal players to have done so are Ted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13635952",
"chunk_text": "\"Andrei Kanchelskis\"\nAndrei Kanchelskis Andrei Antanasovich Kanchelskis (; ; born 23 January 1969) is a Russian professional football manager and a former player. He is the manager of Navbahor Namangan in Uzbekistan. As a player from 1988 to 2006, he was a right winger, and is remembered for his spells with English clubs Manchester United and Everton, and in Scotland with Rangers. He is the only player in history to have scored in each of the Glasgow, Merseyside and Manchester local derbies. He also played in the top flight of English football with Southampton and Manchester City, as well as also appearing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2291592",
"chunk_text": "\"Everton F.C.\"\nin Division 2 in 1930–31 and from 1951–54). They are one of six teams to have played in every season of the Premier League since its inception in August 1992 – the others being Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. Everton against Aston Villa is the most played fixture in England's top flight. As of the 2012–13 season, the two founding members of the Football League have played a record 196 league games. Everton's community department, Everton in the Community (EitC), is a charity that provides sports and other social activities for the local community including for people",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3229915",
"chunk_text": "\"FA Cup\"\non more than one occasion: Wanderers (1872, 1873 and 1876, 1877, 1878), Blackburn Rovers (1884, 1885, 1886 and 1890, 1891), Tottenham Hotspur (1961, 1962 and 1981, 1982) and Arsenal (2002, 2003 and 2014, 2015). The record for most winner's medals for a manager is held by Arsène Wenger, who has won seven titles with Arsenal (1998, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2014, 2015, 2017). Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double, namely Preston North End (1889), Aston Villa (1897), Tottenham Hotspur (1961), Arsenal (1971, 1998, 2002), Liverpool (1986), Manchester United (1994, 1996, 1999) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6114588",
"chunk_text": "\"2013–14 Premier League\"\nby a 2–0 victory over West Bromwich Albion on 7 May. Norwich City, Fulham, and Cardiff City were the bottom three teams and were relegated to the Football League Championship. Two teams (Manchester City and Liverpool) scored more than 100 goals for the first time in league history. The feat has only once been achieved before – by Chelsea in 2009–10. Luis Suárez won the golden boot for most goals with 31, ahead of teammate Daniel Sturridge who came second with 21 goals. Wojciech Szczęsny of Arsenal and Petr Čech of Chelsea led the league with 16 clean sheets each.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "704788",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Manager of the Month\"\nand Newcastle United, Brendan Rodgers with Swansea City and Liverpool, Alan Pardew with West Ham United and Newcastle United, Sam Allardyce with Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United, Tony Pulis with Crystal Palace and West Bromwich Albion, Mauricio Pochettino with Southampton and Tottenham Hotspur, and Claudio Ranieri with Chelsea and Leicester City. Fourteen managers have won awards in consecutive months: Joe Kinnear, Kevin Keegan, Roy Evans, Alex Ferguson, Arsène Wenger, David O'Leary, Stuart Pearce, Paul Jewell, Rafael Benítez, Carlo Ancelotti, Manuel Pellegrini, Claudio Ranieri, Antonio Conte and Pep Guardiola. Guardiola is the only manager in Premier League history to have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17958556",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Boot\"\nOriginally consisting of 22 teams, the league contracted to 20 teams after the 1994–95 season; this reduced the number of games played from 42 to 38. Thierry Henry has won the Golden Boot on four occasions, more than any other player. Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Dwight Yorke were the first non-English and non-European winners, respectively, when they shared the award with Michael Owen in 1999. Alan Shearer is the only player other than Henry to win the award in three consecutive seasons. Phillips, Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Luis Suárez won the European Golden Shoe in the same season as the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13928764",
"chunk_text": "\"Liverpool F.C.\"\nderby. The rivalry stems from Liverpool's formation and the dispute with Everton officials and the then owners of Anfield. The Merseyside derby is one of the few local derbies which do not enforce fan segregation, and hence has been known as the \"\"friendly derby\"\". Since the mid-1980s, the rivalry has intensified both on and off the field and, since the inception of the Premier League in 1992, the Merseyside derby has had more players sent off than any other Premier League game. It has been referred to as \"\"the most ill-disciplined and explosive fixture in the Premier League\"\". Liverpool's rivalry",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "704787",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Manager of the Month\"\nMonth award. Ferguson has been Manager of the Month the most times with a record twenty-seven awards. Harry Redknapp has had six spells managing Premier League clubs (West Ham United, Portsmouth, Southampton, Portsmouth again, Tottenham Hotspur and Queens Park Rangers), winning a Manager of the Month award in five of those spells. Eleven other managers have won an award with two or more clubs: Gordon Strachan with Coventry City and Southampton, Stuart Pearce with Nottingham Forest and Manchester City, Martin O'Neill with Leicester City, Aston Villa and Sunderland, Roy Hodgson with Blackburn Rovers and Fulham, Rafael Benítez with Liverpool, Chelsea",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16502164",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenal F.C.–Chelsea F.C. rivalry\"\n2018). Arsenal's record win was a 5–1 victory in a First Division match at Stamford Bridge on 29 November 1930. Chelsea's record win was a 6–0 victory at Stamford Bridge in the Premier League on 22 March 2014. Chelsea also had scored five goals against Arsenal at Highbury on 11 November 1998. On 29 September 2012, Chelsea became the first team to beat Arsenal three times at the Emirates with a 2–1 away victory. This followed a 4–1 win in 2009 and a 3–0 scoreline later that year. Didier Drogba holds the mark for the most derby goals with 13",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17958558",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Boot\"\ngoals scored to be bestowed the award, however, is 18 goals; this was achieved during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons, when the award was shared between three players both times. The latter season marked the last time the Golden Boot was shared until 2010–11, when Dimitar Berbatov and Carlos Tevez both scored 20 goals that season to tie for the award. Harry Kane recorded the highest goals-to-games ratio to win the award, scoring 29 goals in 30 games in 2016–17 for a rate of 0.97. General Specific Premier League Golden Boot The Premier League Golden Boot is an annual association",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1900893",
"chunk_text": "\"History of football in England\"\nEngland), Steven Gerrard (Liverpool and England) and Joe Cole (West Ham United, Chelsea and England). Michael Owen, Rio Ferdinand, Ryan Giggs, David Beckham and Sol Campbell were some of the prominent players still active in the game during the first decade of the 21st century after rising to fame during the 1990s, though Beckham has not played in England since 2003. Legendary players whose illustrious careers have come to an end during this decade include Alan Shearer, Dennis Bergkamp, Denis Irwin, Paul Ince and Roy Keane. Successful managers of this era include Alex Ferguson, José Mourinho, Arsène Wenger, Roberto Mancini,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20225401",
"chunk_text": "\"Potteries derby\"\nPotteries derby The Potteries derby is the football local derby in Stoke-on-Trent between Port Vale and Stoke City. The fans of each club both consider the other to be their main rivals; this has led to a heated atmosphere at these matches, especially with the rise of football hooliganism and the 'Naughty Forty'. The two teams have met a total of 185 times, consisting of: 44 English Football League, 6 FA Cup, 62 friendlies, and 73 other (mostly local) cup games. Stoke-on-Trent is the least populous city to have two Football League clubs (the next smallest is Nottingham). Leeds, Leicester,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1216240",
"chunk_text": "\"Kevin Davies\"\nthe referee\"\". He added \"\"\"\"A few of them let out a big scream, which is a bit embarrassing because it is a man's game ... in my eyes that is cheating the referee ... you just have to get on with the game.\"\"\"\" On 10 September 2011. he received his 100th yellow card in the Premier League for a foul on Manchester United's Patrice Evra and when he received another booking against Wigan Athletic on 11 February 2012, he became the joint holder of the record for most yellow cards in Premier League history, alongside Lee Bowyer. Paul Scholes has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19490514",
"chunk_text": "\"Les Ferdinand\"\nCup squads. His autobiography, \"\"Sir Les\"\", was published in 1997. Les Ferdinand Leslie Ferdinand MBE (born 8 December 1966) is an English former footballer and current football coach and Director of Football at his former club Queens Park Rangers. A former striker, his playing career included spells at Queens Park Rangers, Beşiktaş, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers, Reading and Watford during which period he earned 17 caps for England. Ferdinand is the eighth highest scorer in the Premier League with 149 goals. He is the cousin of football-playing brothers Rio and Anton Ferdinand and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2553026",
"chunk_text": "\"Ruud van Nistelrooy\"\nwhich stood until 2015 when Jamie Vardy scored in 11 consecutive matches. In the 0–0 draw on 21 September 2003, later dubbed the Battle of Old Trafford, Van Nistelrooy was at the centre of one of the most infamous incidents of the Arsenal–Manchester United rivalry. After missing a last-minute penalty that would have won the game for United, Van Nistelrooy was attacked by Martin Keown, prompting a melee involving several players from both sides; five Arsenal players including Keown received various bans and fines, while the club itself received a record fine of £175,000. Earlier in the game, he had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1134115",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League 20 Seasons Awards\"\nArsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. In that time, only five teams ever won the League title: Manchester United (twelve times), Arsenal (thrice), Chelsea (thrice), Manchester City (once) and Blackburn Rovers (once). Manchester United were also the most successful team overall, never finishing outside of the top-three positions. The awards were divided into 11 categories. Fans could vote for Best Goal, Best Match, Best Save, Best Celebration and Fantasy XI of the 20 Seasons on the Premier League website. A panel selected winners for Best Player, Best Manager, Best Team, Best Season, Best Quote and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20634024",
"chunk_text": "\"Arthur Rowley\"\ndescribes him as a \"\"record breaking football hero\"\". Fulham Leicester City Individual Arthur Rowley George Arthur Rowley Jr., (21 April 1926 – 19 December 2002), nicknamed \"\"The Gunner\"\" because of his explosive left-foot shot, was an English football player and cricketer. He holds the record for the most goals in the history of English league football, scoring 434 from 619 league games. He was the younger brother of Manchester United footballer Jack Rowley. He was shortlisted for inclusion into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008. He holds the club record for the most goals in a single season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8812254",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Manager of the Season\"\n2004 known as the Barclays Manager of the Season. In 1994, the inaugural Manager of the Season award was given to Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson for retaining the league championship. The current holder of the award is Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola. The most number of awards won by a single manager is eleven, achieved by Alex Ferguson between 1994 and his retirement in 2013. He accounted for more than half of the awards in that period of time. In 1998 Arsène Wenger became the first non-British manager to win the award, and has so far received it on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13303267",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Month\"\nof the Month was awarded to Tottenham Hotspur player Jürgen Klinsmann for his performances in August 1994. Steven Gerrard and Harry Kane have been Player of the Month the most with six awards. Six players have won the award in consecutive months: Robbie Fowler, Dennis Bergkamp, Cristiano Ronaldo, Harry Kane, Jamie Vardy and Mohamed Salah. Only Mohamed Salah has won the award three times in a season, and 16 individuals have won two awards in a season: Robbie Fowler, Dennis Bergkamp, Ruud van Nistelrooy, Thierry Henry, Wayne Rooney, Ryan Giggs, Cristiano Ronaldo, Ashley Young, Peter Odemwingie, Robin van Persie, Daniel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19387752",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael Carrick\"\nspot kick, to help achieve the European Double. As of 2017, he is the only English player alongside former teammate Wayne Rooney to win the Premier League title, FA Cup, UEFA Champions League, League Cup, FA Community Shield, UEFA Europa League and FIFA Club World Cup. In winning the 2016 FA Cup, Carrick completed his collection of every domestic honour in the English game. Carrick has represented England at under-18, under-21, B and senior levels. He made his England debut in 2001 and went on to gain 34 caps without scoring a goal. Carrick has often been overlooked during his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3230782",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League\"\nClub Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur. The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League. There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1900846",
"chunk_text": "\"History of football in England\"\nJohnston, Norman Whiteside, Andy Gray and Billy Bonds. Successful managers of this era include Kenny Dalglish, George Graham, Howard Kendall, Howard Wilkinson, Alex Ferguson, Bobby Gould, John Lyall, Jim Smith, Maurice Evans and Dave Bassett. The FA Premier League was formed in 1992 when the top twenty-two clubs in English football broke away from the football league, in order to increase their incomes and make themselves more competitive on a European stage, where they would have a budget to compete with most of Europe's top clubs. By selling TV rights separately to the Football League, the clubs increased their income",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15300454",
"chunk_text": "\"Jermain Defoe\"\nholds the Premier League record for the most goals scored as a substitute, with 22, as of 11 January 2014. On 19 November 2016, Defoe scored his 150th Premier League goal, becoming the joint tenth-highest goal scorer in Premier League history. Defoe made his England debut in 2004 and has made 57 appearances, scoring 20 goals, including three appearances and a goal at the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Born in Beckton, London, Defoe attended St Joachim Primary School in Custom House, London and St Bonaventure's in Forest Gate, London. Defoe grew up in Canning Town and when his family moved",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13927772",
"chunk_text": "Liverpool\nand Kenny Dalglish, Alan Hansen, Kevin Keegan, Ian Rush and Steven Gerrard for Liverpool F.C.. Notable managers of the clubs include Harry Catterick and Howard Kendall of Everton, and Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley of Liverpool. Famous professional footballers from Liverpool include Peter Reid, Gary Ablett, Wayne Rooney, Steven Gerrard, Jamie Carragher and Tony Hibbert. The City of Liverpool is the only one in England to have staged top division football every single season since the formation of the Football League in 1888, and both of the city's clubs play in high-capacity stadiums. Boxing is massively popular in Liverpool. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20253838",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Golden Glove\"\nplayed for Manchester City in each of his four winning seasons and they are the club that has received the award the most. Čech and Hart's four awards mean Czech and English goalkeepers have won the Golden Glove the most, ahead of Spain with three. Both Pepe Reina and Hart have won the award in three consecutive seasons, which is a record. Čech set the record for matches without conceding a goal in a single season – with 24 – to win the inaugural award in 2005. During the 2008–09 season, Edwin van der Sar surpassed Čech's previous record of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13332479",
"chunk_text": "\"David James (footballer, born 1970)\"\nDavid James (footballer, born 1970) David Benjamin James MBE (born 1 August 1970) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. His most recent position was manager at Kerala Blasters FC in the Indian Super League in 2018. He is also a pundit on BT Sport's football coverage. James is fourth on the list of all-time Premier League appearances, having played in 572 top-level matches, and held the Premier League record for most clean sheets with 169 until Petr Čech surpassed this record. He was capped 53 times by England between 1997 and 2010, and was first choice",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16779230",
"chunk_text": "\"Football in London\"\nmoved to Highbury in 1913 and dropping the \"\"Woolwich\"\" from their name). In the 1989–90 season, eight of London’s eleven professional clubs were in the top tier of English Football at the same time, forming 40% of the First Division that season. Historically, London clubs have not accumulated as many trophies as those from North West England, such as the 52 top-league English championships won by Liverpool, Manchester United, Everton and Manchester City; however, in the thirteen consecutive seasons since 2005–06, Arsenal, Chelsea, and Tottenham have consistently finished in the top six of the league table (92% top six finishes,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6077253",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenal F.C.\"\n113 million. The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season. Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies. Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5547590",
"chunk_text": "\"David James (footballer, born 1970)\"\nPortsmouth. He holds the distinction of twice having been the record holder for consecutive Premier League appearances, with 159 during his Liverpool days from February 1994 to February 1998, and 166 between Manchester City and Portsmouth from 2006 to 2008; both streaks were eventually topped by Chelsea's Frank Lampard and Tottenham Hotspur's Brad Friedel, respectively. On 14 February 2009 against Manchester City, James made his 536th Premier League appearance, breaking Gary Speed's all-time record. On 22 April 2009, Times Online named James as the 15th greatest player in Portsmouth's history. James captained Portsmouth in the FA Cup semi-final against Tottenham",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17183361",
"chunk_text": "\"Arthur Rowley\"\nArthur Rowley George Arthur Rowley Jr., (21 April 1926 – 19 December 2002), nicknamed \"\"The Gunner\"\" because of his explosive left-foot shot, was an English football player and cricketer. He holds the record for the most goals in the history of English league football, scoring 434 from 619 league games. He was the younger brother of Manchester United footballer Jack Rowley. He was shortlisted for inclusion into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008. He holds the club record for the most goals in a single season at both Leicester City and Shrewsbury Town, scoring 44 goals in 42",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2263798",
"chunk_text": "\"North London derby\"\nArsenal Premiership victory at White Hart Lane on 13 November 2004. The biggest winning margin was a 6–0 away win by Arsenal on 6 March 1935. Tottenham have twice won 5–0 (25 December 1911 and 4 April 1983) and Arsenal once (23 December 1978), with all three fixtures taking place at White Hart Lane. Arsenal also won by 5–2 margins both in February and November 2012 home at the Emirates. Tottenham's record for goals scored against Arsenal is shared by Billy Minter and Bobby Smith, with nine goals each. Arsenal's record is held jointly by Emmanuel Adebayor, Alan Sunderland and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20641463",
"chunk_text": "\"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\nNorthern Ireland, George Best and Pat Jennings; from Scotland, Kenny Dalglish and Jimmy Johnstone; and from Wales, Ian Rush and Ryan Giggs. The first recipient of the Ballon d'Or, Stanley Matthews was knighted while still a player. The English Premier League (formed in 1992 by member clubs of the old Football League First Division) is the most-watched football league in the world, and its biggest clubs include Manchester United, Liverpool, Arsenal, Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City. Scotland's Celtic and Rangers also have a global fanbase. Leicester City's 2016 Premier League title win is regarded among the greatest sporting upsets",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3154093",
"chunk_text": "\"Chelsea F.C.\"\nthe country, found that many clubs' main rivals had changed since 2003 and reported that Chelsea fans consider Tottenham to be their main rival, above Arsenal and Manchester United. Chelsea's highest appearance-maker is ex-captain Ron Harris, who played in 795 competitive games for the club between 1961 and 1980. The record for a Chelsea goalkeeper is held by Harris's contemporary, Peter Bonetti, who made 729 appearances (1959–79). With 103 caps (101 while at the club), Frank Lampard of England is Chelsea's most capped international player. Frank Lampard is Chelsea's all-time top goalscorer, with 211 goals in 648 games (2001–2014); he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16980835",
"chunk_text": "\"Peter Crouch\"\nPeter Crouch Peter James Crouch (born 30 January 1981) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Championship club Stoke City. He was capped 42 times by the England national team between 2005 and 2010, scoring 22 goals for his country in that time, and appearing at two World Cups. Crouch is one of 28 players to have scored 100 or more Premier League goals, holding the record for the most headed goals in Premier League history. Crouch began his career as a trainee with Tottenham Hotspur. He failed to make an appearance for Spurs and after",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4448587",
"chunk_text": "\"Peter Crouch\"\nPeter Crouch Peter James Crouch (born 30 January 1981) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Championship club Stoke City. He was capped 42 times by the England national team between 2005 and 2010, scoring 22 goals for his country in that time, and appearing at two World Cups. Crouch is one of 28 players to have scored 100 or more Premier League goals, holding the record for the most headed goals in Premier League history. Crouch began his career as a trainee with Tottenham Hotspur. He failed to make an appearance for Spurs and after",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9541373",
"chunk_text": "\"Ryan Giggs\"\ncompeted at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He is one of only 25 players to have made over 1,000 career appearances. Giggs is the most decorated player in football history. During his time at United, he won 13 Premier League winner's medals, four FA Cup winner's medals, three League Cup winner's medals, two UEFA Champions League winner's medals, a FIFA Club World Cup winners medal, an Intercontinental Cup winner's medal, a UEFA Super Cup winner's medal and nine FA Community Shield winner's medals. Manchester United and Liverpool are the only clubs in English football history to have won more league championships",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20259792",
"chunk_text": "\"2009–10 Premier League\"\na fourth successive Premier League title, following championship-winning campaigns in 2006–07, 2007–08 and 2008–09. They were also looking to overtake Liverpool's record of 18 league titles. The league comprised five teams from London (Arsenal, Chelsea, Fulham, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham United); four clubs from the Midlands (Aston Villa, Birmingham City, Stoke City and Wolverhampton Wanderers); eight teams from the north-west (Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Burnley, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, and Wigan Athletic); and one each from the north-east (Sunderland), Yorkshire and the Humber (Hull City), and the south (Portsmouth). <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Football Management Consultant Harry Redknapp, 63,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10483551",
"chunk_text": "\"Premier League Player of the Month\"\nBergkamp and Edu in February 2004, Tottenham Hotspur's Dimitar Berbatov and Robbie Keane in April 2007 and Liverpool's Steven Gerrard and Luis Suárez in April 2014. Almost half of the Player of the Month awards have gone to English players, and the majority of foreign winners have been French or Dutch. Manchester United have had more Player of the Month awards than any other club. As of November 2018, the most recent recipient of the award is Manchester City player Raheem Sterling. General Specific Premier League Player of the Month The Premier League Player of the Month is an association",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_922
|
i like the way you move video cast?
|
n/a
|
[
"Big Boi",
"Sleepy Brown",
"Fonzworth Bentley",
"actress Ki Toy Johnson",
"Ki Toy Johnson"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18019019",
"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Move\"\nfeatures Sleepy Brown singing in style inspired by the work of Motown star Marvin Gaye. The song's music video, directed by Bryan Barber, features Big Boi as the proprietor of a rim shop. The video's performance shots eventually gravitate to other locations during the video's running time, featuring several young women who Big Boi, dressed in a pimp's suit, attempts to pick up. The video features an appearance from Fonzworth Bentley and another from actress Ki Toy Johnson. \"\"The Way You Move\"\" music video was designed to be shown in tandem with the video for André 3000's \"\"Hey Ya!\"\". A",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14055130",
"chunk_text": "\"I Like the Way (BodyRockers song)\"\nI Like the Way (BodyRockers song) \"\"I Like the Way\"\" is a single by Anglo-Irish Dylan Burns and Australian Kaz James, collectively known as the dance music group BodyRockers. It was released in April 2005 and later appeared on the group's self-titled debut album. The song's music video was directed by Trudy Bellinger. This single reached #3 on 30 April 2005 on the UK Singles Chart, staying in the top 75 for 40 weeks. The song also climbed the charts in the United States following its feature in a Diet Coke (\"\"Loft\"\") commercial. The song peaked at #20 on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20358212",
"chunk_text": "\"I Like How It Feels\"\nNicole Scherzinger, Nayer, actors Eva Longoria, Ken Jeong, George Lopez and tennis player Serena Williams. The video starts with Enrique playing on a beach with his dog. The video proceeds with some clips of Enrique's Euphoria tour, night out parties, backstage banter and outdoor videos. The video depicts Enrique flying around Miami beach, playing Baseball with small children, riding speed-boat along with his dog and partying with his friends. Pitbull comes along during his verse also seen partying with Enrique. Ken Jeong is shown writing the song and also dancing it. The video ends with credits to all involved. Enrique",
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"chunk_text": "\"Pattie Brooks\"\nbacking vocals by Scherrie Payne (former \"\"Supreme\"\") and Joyce Vincent Wilson and Pamela Vincent (of \"\"Tony Orlando & Dawn\"\" fame). This was released as a \"\"Bonus-Exclusive\"\" on the compilation \"\"First Ladies of Disco - Rick Gianatos Presents the Music.\"\" Also in 2013, Brooks was included in the book \"\"The First Ladies Of Disco\"\". On April 19, 2014, the video and CD-single (with ten mixes) of \"\"I Like The Way You Move\"\" were released. The video features a star-studded cast, including Scherrie Payne, Charlo Crossley and Peggi Blu. Brooks' daughter Yvette (Marine) Barlow was a member of the Mary Jane Girls.",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Way I Am (Ingrid Michaelson song)\"\nis frequently used to demonstrate Bose Corporation products due to its deep bass and crisp vocals. The song's music video was directed by Autumn de Wilde. It depicts Michaelson dancing with a man (played by Greg Laswell, whom Michaelson would later marry) in a gymnasium where everyone present, except for Michaelson, is a clown or mime. Other dancers glare at Michaelson and she runs from the dance to a bathroom, where she uses lipstick to give her reflection the appearance of a clown nose, and then labels herself a \"\"freak.\"\" Her dance partner, a clown, has followed her and embraces",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Move (Ne-Yo song)\"\nThe Way You Move (Ne-Yo song) \"\"The Way You Move\"\" is a song by American recording artist Ne-Yo. The song features American singers Trey Songz and T-Pain. The official video for the song premiered on October 27, 2011, on Ne-Yo's official VEVO channel. The song was released to iTunes as a promotional single on November 15, it was originally recorded to be part of the track list of the album \"\"R.E.D. (Realizing Every Dream)\"\", but later the song was removed of the final track list 2011. For the week ending November 19, 2011, \"\"The Way You Move\"\" debuted at number",
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"chunk_text": "\"I Like the Way (BodyRockers song)\"\n\"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Club Play chart during the fall of that year and reached #7 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Airplay chart. It peaked at #9 on the Canadian Singles Chart and also made the Dutch Top 40 at #39. The song featured in adverts for Furniture Village, Colman's gravy paste and most recently in Australia, the 2014 BMW XPO advertisement. I Like the Way (BodyRockers song) \"\"I Like the Way\"\" is a single by Anglo-Irish Dylan Burns and Australian Kaz James, collectively known as the dance music group BodyRockers. It was released in April 2005 and later appeared on",
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"chunk_text": "\"This Is How We Do\"\nsuits and red bowties, who also move furniture and props around. A scene during the bridge of the song shows various young adults in midair while food flies around them, and also features Perry on a Skype call with someone named \"\"Jessica Thot\"\". The video also features various animated cartoon versions of ice cream, pizza, and watermelon, which are all shown dancing at the end of the video. Joe Lynch of \"\"Billboard\"\" said the video is \"\"an explosion of pop art, vintage fashion and twerking ice cream cones\"\". Zayda Rivera of \"\"New York Daily News\"\" commented that in the video",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "6508192",
"chunk_text": "\"Sure Feels Good\"\nby Kevin Hewitt and choreographed by Elizabeth Honan. The video stars Mike Di Scala and Chris Henry from Ultrabeat, Darren Styles, Rebecca Rudd, and Playboy model Lisa-Marie Bourke with other models as the strippers. The story of the video show Darren Styles and Ultrabeat entering a strip club and the strippers giving them lap dances and teasing them. Rebecca Rudd is also singing in the strip club. The story shows one of the strippers photographing Mike, Chris and Darren in the strip club with Darren's mobile phone and the sending it in a picture message to one of his contacts.",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Move (Ne-Yo song)\"\none on the South Korean International Singles Chart, selling over 119,000 digital downloads. The Way You Move (Ne-Yo song) \"\"The Way You Move\"\" is a song by American recording artist Ne-Yo. The song features American singers Trey Songz and T-Pain. The official video for the song premiered on October 27, 2011, on Ne-Yo's official VEVO channel. The song was released to iTunes as a promotional single on November 15, it was originally recorded to be part of the track list of the album \"\"R.E.D. (Realizing Every Dream)\"\", but later the song was removed of the final track list 2011. For",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18019017",
"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Move\"\nThe Way You Move \"\"The Way You Move\"\" is a song recorded by Big Boi of the American hip hop duo OutKast, released by LaFace Records. The song features OutKast mentor Sleepy Brown on guest vocals. Along with \"\"Hey Ya!\"\", recorded by OutKast's other member André 3000, \"\"The Way You Move\"\" is one of the two lead singles from \"\"Speakerboxxx/The Love Below\"\", OutKast's double album project which includes a solo album from each member. Released from Big Boi's \"\"Speakerboxxx\"\" half of the double album, \"\"The Way You Move\"\" peaked at number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, becoming OutKast's third",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Like It\"\nThe Way You Like It \"\"The Way You Like It\"\" is the second single from Adema's self-titled debut album. The song is about how fame changes people, how it can control people, and how it changes people into somebody they are not. The music video, directed by Gregory Dark, depicts Adema playing to a large crowd of people in what appears to be an underground style moshpit. As the band plays, the video cuts away to Adema driving around town, with various scenarios along the way. As the band drives through town: In the end of the video, the band",
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"chunk_text": "\"This Is How We Do\"\nwas close to the work I'd already done. I like mixed media, jumping between live action and animation, and I focus more on design.\"\" The music video opens with a visual of an old man staring at a painting, which turns out to be Perry. The video features Perry, accompanied by model Aglae Kounkou and dancer Leah Adler, in front of various backdrops, including a kitchen, a ping pong table, a bathtub, a 3D version of Piet Mondrian's \"\"Composition with Red Blue and Yellow\"\", and an ice cream truck. The video also includes a myriad of male dancers in grey",
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"chunk_id": "18019022",
"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Move\"\nfeatured EWF's Philip Bailey and Maurice White on vocals. The recording appeared on Kenny G's 2004 \"\"At Last...The Duets Album\"\" and Earth, Wind & Fire's 2005 album \"\"Illumination\"\". The Way You Move \"\"The Way You Move\"\" is a song recorded by Big Boi of the American hip hop duo OutKast, released by LaFace Records. The song features OutKast mentor Sleepy Brown on guest vocals. Along with \"\"Hey Ya!\"\", recorded by OutKast's other member André 3000, \"\"The Way You Move\"\" is one of the two lead singles from \"\"Speakerboxxx/The Love Below\"\", OutKast's double album project which includes a solo album from",
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},
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"chunk_id": "20193567",
"chunk_text": "\"I Like the Way She Do It\"\nI Like the Way She Do It \"\"I Like the Way She Do It\"\" is the lead single from G-Unit's second album, \"\"\"\". It 'features' Young Buck, as he was no longer a member of G-Unit at the time. The song has since sold over 350,000 copies. The music video features 50 Cent, Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo. The video premiered on May 12, 2008 on BET's Access Granted. Since Young Buck was released from G-Unit (though still signed to G-Unit Records as a solo artist) he is not featured in the video, and his verse is cut. At the",
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"chunk_id": "18912377",
"chunk_text": "\"The Way I Like It\"\nblack and white where she lies in the arms of an unknown man. Finally, it starts to rain through the roof of the old building so that it is completely wet. \"\"I had to shoot a rain scene at 3:30 in the morning. The water it was not heated.\"\" Some shots show a black outfit on a ledge of the castle. The video ends with a scene where the unknown man carries Capristo from a room. It fades to black. The Way I Like It \"\"The Way I Like It\"\" is a song by German recording artist Mandy Capristo. Written",
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"chunk_text": "\"He Like That\"\nand praised the group's coordination. The video received comparisons to Britney Spears' video for \"\"I'm a Slave 4 U\"\" due to their similar themes and choreography. The video begins with a vinyl record that introduces the group and song title. Close up shots of each girl are shown, drenched in neon lights; then the scene shifts to Dinah Jane, sporting a long pink skirt, performing a choreographed dance routine with a male dancer. The video then cuts to Normani Kordei, who dances a sensual and intimate choreography with a back-up dancer; the singer wears a red latex top with pants.",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me\"\nRain\"\". It was subsequently included as the demonstration song on several Casio keyboards (e.g. CT-670 ToneBank Keyboard). The song's video was Abdul's first with director David Fincher in July 1988, who would later direct her most successful videos. It consisted of Abdul dancing and singing with male dancers at a photo shoot, while expensive product shots were flashed in and out. It also featured Abdul's first tap dancing sequence, which she would use again in her videos for \"\"Straight Up\"\", \"\"Opposites Attract\"\", and \"\"Forever Your Girl\"\". A new video was made in August 1989 with the same director and theme",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "2843658",
"chunk_text": "\"I Like to Move It\"\nI Like to Move It \"\"I Like to Move It\"\" is a song by American electronic dance duo Reel 2 Real (Erick Morillo), featuring ragga vocals by Trinidad and Tobago rapper The Mad Stuntman (Mark Quashie). The song appeared on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in 1994, peaking at number 89 and reached number 5 on the UK Singles Chart. It was a number-one hit in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Zimbabwe. And on the US Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart it was a number 8 hit. The song appeared in the films \"\"The Master of Disguise\"\" and \"\"Saving Silverman\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "2843655",
"chunk_text": "\"I Like to Move It\"\nI Like to Move It \"\"I Like to Move It\"\" is a song by American electronic dance duo Reel 2 Real (Erick Morillo), featuring ragga vocals by Trinidad and Tobago rapper The Mad Stuntman (Mark Quashie). The song appeared on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart in 1994, peaking at number 89 and reached number 5 on the UK Singles Chart. It was a number-one hit in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Zimbabwe. And on the US Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart it was a number 8 hit. The song appeared in the films \"\"The Master of Disguise\"\" and \"\"Saving Silverman\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "11933694",
"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Love Me (Keri Hilson song)\"\nfor \"\"The Way You Love Me\"\", a mini-movie of about seven minutes long, was shot in Los Angeles during October 2010 and was directed by Laurieann Gibson. It premiered on November 28, 2010 on a hip-hop site, WorldStarHipHop.com. It also features cameo appearances from JoJo, Faith Evans, Dawn Richard, Columbus Short and Polow Da Don. According to \"\"Rap-Up\"\", \"\"[Hilson and her girls] work their charm on the boys, including Rick Ross, Columbus Short, and Polow Da Don.\"\" In the video, Hilson plays \"\"femme fatale B.B.\"\". The video was released to iTunes Stores on December 7, 2010. The video begins in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11933695",
"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Love Me (Keri Hilson song)\"\na room with a man named Fuzz (Polow da Don) telling B.B. (Hilson) and her gun-slinging women crew consisting of Boots (JoJo), Danja (Evans), and Money (Dawn Richard) about bringing in Hilson's boyfriend into custody. After Hilson assures Jammal that she can handle it, the song begins and Hilson are seen wearing outfits of black bikinis as they dance seductively to the song's chorus and verse. Meanwhile, Hilson and her crew are back in the room preparing themselves with scenes of Hilson grinding against a large vault door. As the song moves to the pre-chorus, Hilson and her crew are",
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"chunk_id": "2050785",
"chunk_text": "\"Our Pain, Your Gain\"\nProductions: Cast: Directors: Zak Keck, Alex Morrison Editing: Alex Morrison, Zak Keck Camerawork: Zak Keck, Alex Morrison, Stewart Morrison, Ty Prieto, Jake Deschamps, Calvin Kuntze Actors (in order of appearance:( Alex Morrison, Zak Keck, Ty Prieto, Scott Orzech, Audrey Webb, Brian Wan, Jake Deschamps, Krista Kutlik, Emily Walsh, Bernard Viray ) Video produced and funded by Bjaw Bjaw Productions. \"\"Happy Fun Rand\"\" Video by Stewart Morrison and Ty Prieto And Mike Diva: Written, directed, and edited by: Mike Dahlquist Starring: Mike Dahlquist and Maxx Jamez Shot by: John Mijares Special thanks to: Jeff Miller MSI discography Our Pain, Your Gain",
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"chunk_text": "\"How Do U Want It\"\nRobinson. These two are distinguished by music ratings (one is certified adult material). The video portrays a wild sex party with jacuzzi, mechanical bull riding, cage dancing and pole stripping. All actors and actresses are dressed in renaissance-age costumes, though all clothes are removed for the nude clip. The adult-material video also features numerous porn stars, including Nina Hartley, Heather Hunter, and Angel Kelly. The limousine segment seen in the clean version is the same except no nudity. The third one is the concert version, mostly them performing on stage (not the House Of Blues live performance). There are cameo",
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"chunk_text": "\"Move It Like This (song)\"\nreferred to it as \"\"energetic\"\". Directed by Bryan Barber, the video starts with the Baha Men's tour bus arriving at a college fraternity house filled with high-class students. The Baha Men tell them that their here for 'the party' with the students protesting no party until they force themselves in to set up with a bunch of people coming up behind them hearing about the party. The party escalates from being a house party to going outside during the night with the police coming in to stop the party only for them to get sucked in by the music. Throughout",
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"chunk_id": "2532913",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Penny\"\ndown it.\"\" Boom. \"\"I'm just doing it.\"\" Geoff Rowley and Andrew Reynolds are two other professional skateboarders (both are also company owners) who have also publicly praised Penny and Reynolds has described the filming of Penny's footage for the \"\"Etnies\"\" \"\"High Five\"\" video: Oh man. The switch flip. It’s unexplainable. That whole thing is just like the Penny package. It’s like a display. Not many people have got kickflip, frontside flip, switch frontside flip, and switch flip all looking exactly the same. It wasn’t even really that common to do tricks over handrails at that point. He just killed it.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Love Me (Keri Hilson song)\"\nrelationship, whose sexual desire for her lover leads her to openly and explicitly describe her feelings for him. It features rough and aggressive vocals by Hilson. The clean version of the song was generally well received by music critics who called it raunchy, and praised how the intense vocal delivery of Hilson matched effectively with the rapid pace and heavy beat of the song. Several of them also chose it as a stand-out track from \"\"No Boys Allowed\"\". The song's accompanying music video was created as a mini-movie, and was directed by Laurieann Gibson. It features cameo appearances from JoJo,",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "13914939",
"chunk_text": "\"The Way I Are (Dance with Somebody)\"\nof \"\"Idolator\"\" gave the song a positive review, calling the single \"\"instantly hummable and sweet relief from the endless stream of left-of-center pop songs on radio.\"\" The music video directed by Director X was released on June 1, 2017. The fashion for the music video was inspired by vintage movies such as \"\"Grease\"\". The video features video game \"\"Just Dance 2018\"\" which the song is featured on. Bebe Rexha and Lil Wayne performed the single together on \"\"Jimmy Kimmel! Live\"\". Rexha later performed a solo version of the song on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" as part of their Summer Concert Series.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Like U Like\"\nThe music video for \"\"Like U Like\"\" was directed by the Lennox Brothers. The video features Santos adopting a variety of different looks to try to win the affections of Walsh during speed dating. Rach Read from \"\"Teentoday.co.uk\"\" described the speed dating as the \"\"worst speed-dating session in the world\"\" because \"\"every other participant seems to be Aggro himself. Get your money back, love!\"\" A reviewer from \"\"Sugar Magazine\"\" said that he loved the video particularly commenting on Kimberley's dance moves. Digital download Like U Like - EP Like U Like \"\"Like U Like\"\" is a song by British recording",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Move It Like This (song)\"\nthe video, the partygoers perform dance moves that the Baha Men mention in the song from the twist, the electric slide and the robot. The song was featured in the 2002 comedy film \"\"Big Fat Liar\"\", starring Frankie Muniz, Paul Giamatti and Amanda Bynes. It was also featured in the video game \"\"Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball\"\" as well as in an NBA commercial. It was used in a promo for Nick Jr. that aired during the world premiere of the Blue's Clues special Meet Joe. It had kids and characters from Maggie and the Ferocious Beast, Dora the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Love Me (Faith Hill song)\"\nvideo shows Faith as many different characters, including a mom, police officer, robber, waitress, heiress, and nurse. There was also a remix video using the Love to Infinity remix. The only difference is that Faith is shown as one extra character—a meteorologist. Jennette McCurdy, best known as Sam Puckett on iCarly, was featured in this video as Hill's daughter in the backseat of a station wagon. US CD single US maxi-CD US vinyl, 12\"\", promo Europe maxi-CD The Way You Love Me (Faith Hill song) \"\"The Way You Love Me\"\" is a song written by Keith Follesé and Michael Dulaney",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"That's the Way (My Love Is)\"\ndirected the videos for \"\"Tarantula\"\" and Corgan's \"\"Walking Shade.\"\" All songs were written by Billy Corgan. UK CD single 7\"\" vinyl and US CD single The music video is directed by P.R. Brown, who also directed the videos for \"\"Tarantula\"\" and Corgan's \"\"Walking Shade\"\". It is set in a dull, gray, futuristic world. Most of the video is set up on a loose plot of Corgan trying to follow a woman (played by actress Ve Sidra Magni). The video then cuts to the band performing on a platform, still in the futuristic world, while images of the band (and a",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Way I Like It\"\nbroadcated on the website MyVideo April 5. It was directed by Lennart Brede, who also shot the video for \"\"This Is Me\"\" for Monrose. Overall the shooting took over 20 hours, and three different settings were chosen. At the beginning, Capristo walks through the gates of a huge castle in a pink Haute couture dress. Capristo said: \"\"We wanted to get a contrast to a haute couture gown and went to an old ruin and shoot there. It was definitely very cold.\"\" Finally she goes dancing inside the walls of the building. This is interwoven with dream-like flashbacks shot in",
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"chunk_id": "15115366",
"chunk_text": "BodyRockers\nLike the Way\"\" has been featured in advertisements for BMW, Citroen, Ford, Mitsubishi, Hyundai, Diet Coke and Ethel Austin. It was used as promotional music for a 2005 Victoria's Secret fashion show as well as for the 2007 Hong Kong Sevens rugby tournament. The song \"\"Round and Round\"\" appears on the Bumpers and ID's of Canal 13 Argentina of 2013 BodyRockers BodyRockers were an English Irish Australian electronic music duo, consisting of Dylan Burns and Kaz James, which formed in 2004. Their 2005 single, \"\"I Like the Way\"\", reached No. 3 on the United Kingdom Singles Chart, No. 12 on",
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"chunk_id": "15115362",
"chunk_text": "BodyRockers\nBodyRockers BodyRockers were an English Irish Australian electronic music duo, consisting of Dylan Burns and Kaz James, which formed in 2004. Their 2005 single, \"\"I Like the Way\"\", reached No. 3 on the United Kingdom Singles Chart, No. 12 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, and the Top 20 on both the United States \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Club Play and Hot Dance Airplay Charts. They issued a self-titled album that year and toured internationally in support of its release. Although they recorded material for a second album it was not issued and the group disbanded in 2007 with both Burns",
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"chunk_text": "\"Love the Way You Lie\"\nYork\"\" magazine wrote that the cast's appeal \"\"hypnotize[s]\"\" viewers. Paskin noted the use of sepia toning in the burning-house scenes. Matthew Wilkening of AOL Radio commented that the video leaves viewers to decide \"\"if it's a good thing or a bad thing that the pair always end up reconciling.\"\" Mikey Fresh of \"\"Vibe\"\" commented that Fox's natural reaction when Monaghan pierces the wall and almost hits her is an \"\"incredible act of vulnerability\"\". \"\"L Magazine\"\"s Benjamin Sutton likened the scene in which the characters burn to the Marvel Comics character Chris Bradley, whom Monaghan portrays in the 2009 action film",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18218120",
"chunk_text": "\"Nina Videoke\"\nvideo contains music videos of her number one singles \"\"Jealous\"\", \"\"Foolish Heart\"\", \"\"Make You Mine\"\", \"\"I Don't Want To Be Your Friend\"\" and the longest number one OPM single in 2000's era, \"\"Love Moves in Mysterious Ways\"\". It also includes her music videos, which were shot with the use of special visual effects, such as \"\"Heaven\"\", \"\"Loving You\"\", \"\"Sayang Naman\"\" and \"\"The Christmas Song\"\". One video, \"\"A Girl Can Dream\"\", features her labelmate Christian Bautista who portrays her love interest. Credits were taken from \"\"Nina Videoke\"\" liner notes. Nina Videoke Nina Videoke is the first ever video release by Filipina",
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"chunk_id": "10259031",
"chunk_text": "\"Celestina Aladekoba\"\nmove is the \"\"Matrix Move\"\". The \"\"Matrix Move\"\" is done by firmly planting one's feet on the ground and leaning the body backward. Celestina has demonstrated the move on \"\"DanceLife\"\". She has the ability to lean and balance with her body almost parallel to the ground, and throw her arms behind her. Aladekoba has appeared on TV shows including \"\"That's So Raven\"\", \"\"The Game\"\" and \"\"90210\"\". She was in Robin Thicke's video \"\"Magic\"\" and is also in the \"\"Step Up\"\" sequels, \"\"Step Up Revolution\"\" (2012) and \"\"\"\" (2014). In 2014, she was a dancer in Jason Derulo's music video for",
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"chunk_text": "\"What Them Girls Like\"\nfor instance, where, despite taking a cue from 2000’s Mel Gibson chick flick What Women Want, there’s no real solid connection established between the film and the actual song.\"\" The music video premiered on Yahoo! Music on September 11. The video takes cues from the Mel Gibson movie \"\"What Women Want\"\". The music video premiered on BET and later appeared at #80 on the \"\"Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2008\"\" countdown. Comfort Fedoke, DeRay Davis, Tyrese Gibson, Teairra Mari, Kristia Krueger, Suelyn Medeiros, Amber Rose, Joe & Gavin Maloof and La La made cameo appearances in the video. There is",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Way I Are\"\nof time in which nothing but the beat is played. Though being unusual for American music video productions, the video world premiered and received its first official airing on June 15 on the German music television channel VIVA. The video also includes three British freestyle football players. A \"\"director's cut\"\" of the video is now on YouTube and it features Timbaland in a black cab and shows him in a more casual perspective. The music video has received over 182 million views on YouTube. Timbaland performed \"\"The Way I Are\"\" with Keri Hilson, along with \"\"Do It\"\" with Nelly Furtado",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14680421",
"chunk_text": "\"Swish Swish\"\nby the end of July 12, the video was filmed later in the month. A teaser for the official video was posted on August 21, 2017, on Perry's personal YouTube account. The official music video for the single was directed by Dave Meyers and released on August 24, 2017. It includes appearances from Russell Horning, Gaten Matarazzo, Jenna Ushkowitz, Doug the Pug, Christine Sydelko, Dexter Mayfield, Rob Gronkowski, Molly Shannon, Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson, Karl-Anthony Towns, Rich Eisen, Bill Walton, and Terry Crews. Kia Stevens, Britney Young, Sydelle Noel, Ellen Wong, and Jackie Tohn make appearances as their characters from \"\"GLOW\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20161248",
"chunk_text": "\"Let's Move!\"\na Ring on It)\"\". On April 9, 2011, an instructional video featuring a group of teenagers dancing to \"\"Move Your Body\"\" was released online. After a few days, Beyoncé said that she \"\"would record her own version of the exercise routine\"\" to show kids how it is done by shooting a new music video featuring a series of fun workouts to accompany the track. On April 26, 2011, Beyoncé released a video directed by Melina Matsoukas for \"\"Move Your Body\"\". In the video, students join Beyoncé to perform choreography by Frank Gatson. In the choreography, Beyoncé and the students \"\"mix",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12523985",
"chunk_text": "\"The Way (Ariana Grande song)\"\ntwo days later, and later on Grande's page. The full video was released on March 28, 2013 at 12/3 am PST/EST. Directed by Jones Crow, the video consists of Grande, Miller, and a group of dancers. Grande poses for pictures taken by Miller on various cameras, while dancing around a room filled with balloons and their images are projected on the wall. At the end of the video Miller and Grande kiss, and Grande described it as \"\"quite a statement\"\" of growing up. The video was Vevo-certified on October 2, 2013, having reached 100 million views. As of July 2018,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
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{
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"chunk_id": "10447009",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm Glad\"\ngoing to leave everything the way it is. That's how it wiggles and jiggles in real life, that's how they're going to see it in the video. And I noticed—[the editors] sent [the video] to me and they have shaved off a little bit of my hips and—I was like, 'That ain't me—those are not my hips. Just leave them the way they are. Do me a favor—don't touch my hips. Don't try to make me look skinnier. It's fine, it's fine the way it is'. And that's what they did.\"\" Prior to the clip being released, Jon Wiederhorn of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18565768",
"chunk_text": "\"Laura More\"\nwas used by Danny Choo in his Shibuya-based Tokyo Dance Trooper video. She appeared in Eric Prydz's song \"\"Call on me\"\" music video. The music video was directed by Huse Monfaradi and features an aerobics class of women wearing 1980s styled aerobics outfits performing gym routines led by Australian dancer and choreographer Deanne Berry. There was one man in the group, played by Juan Pablo Di Pace. Laura then appeared with Deanne, Juan and most of the other Call on Me dancers in the Ministry of Sound fitness video Pump It Up. She also appeared in the video for the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13474876",
"chunk_text": "\"The Way You Like It\"\nmembers try to get into the club, but are stopped by a large guard. Chester Bennington, and Joe Hahn of the nu metal band Linkin Park make a guest appearance, and tell the guard to stand down, allowing Adema access to the club. US Promo CD Limited Edition CD Single The Way You Like It \"\"The Way You Like It\"\" is the second single from Adema's self-titled debut album. The song is about how fame changes people, how it can control people, and how it changes people into somebody they are not. The music video, directed by Gregory Dark, depicts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19117409",
"chunk_text": "\"Tatiana Thumbtzen\"\nTatiana Thumbtzen Stephanie \"\"Tatiana\"\" Yvonne Thumbtzen (born April 22, 1960) is an American actress, model and dancer. She is best known for her role as the love interest of pop star Michael Jackson in the music video for his song \"\"The Way You Make Me Feel\"\" from his seventh studio album, \"\"Bad\"\". Born in Clearwater, Florida, Thumbtzen is of black-Cherokee Indian, Anglo-Cuban heritage. The Irish heritage comes from her adopted father Thumbtzen. Tatiana's family name is of German origin. She began to train in ballet at the age of eight, and moved to New York when she was thirteen on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3504371",
"chunk_text": "\"Girls Like You\"\none on the Adult Top 40 radio airplay chart. The official music video was directed by David Dobkin and released on May 30, 2018 on YouTube. The concept for the video has Adam Levine alone at a microphone with the band in the background, then features a rotating assortment of women dancing and lip-syncing around him. The video features appearances from Maroon 5's band members and the song's featured artist Cardi B, as well as cameos by (in order of first appearance): Camila Cabello, Phoebe Robinson, Aly Raisman, Sarah Silverman, Gal Gadot, Lilly Singh, Amani Al-Khatahtbeh, Trace Lysette, Tiffany Haddish,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3515941",
"chunk_text": "\"It Don't Move Me\"\nsuccess, and received mixed reviews from critics, with \"\"Pitchfork\"\" also noting that it \"\"plays like a virtual rewrite of \"\"Young Folks\"\"...but with the bongos and whistles relinquished in favor of a hand-clapped electro-funk backing track and deep piano tones.\"\" The song's music video was directed by Filip Nilsson. Its main plot revolves around a man, reminiscent of American entertainer Michael Jackson, dancing for an older man in various locations such as the latter man's home, a dance studio, and a golf course. The former man's dance moves are also reminiscent of Jackson's own moves from his music video \"\"Thriller\"\". The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10491109",
"chunk_text": "\"Lips Are Movin\"\non November 19, 2014. Trainor told MTV News, \"\"Here's me being sassy and other people dancing with me and having just a good time and trying to get through this feeling of, Ugh he's cheating on me again\"\". The video was commissioned by information technology corporation Hewlett-Packard. It features several \"\"influencers\"\"—actors, dancers and set designers with large social media followings. The influencers featured in the video include set designer Bri Emery; actors Marcus Johns, Cody Johns, and Robby Ayala; YouTube star Liza Koshy; dancers Les Twins; Spanish stylist Sara Escudero; hair stylist Kristin Ess; Japanese nail artist Mei Kawajiri; American",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_923
|
what is the full scientific name for the e. coli bacteria?
|
n/a
|
[
"Escherichia coli"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "4960481",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nEscherichia coli Escherichia coli (), also known as E. coli (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus \"\"Escherichia\"\" that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most \"\"E. coli\"\" strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls due to food contamination. The harmless strains are part of the normal microbiota of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K, and preventing colonization of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria, having a symbiotic relationship. \"\"E. coli\"\" is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16146901",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\noutside a host. The bacterium can be grown and cultured easily and inexpensively in a laboratory setting, and has been intensively investigated for over 60 years. \"\"E. coli\"\" is a chemoheterotroph whose chemically defined medium must include a source of carbon and energy. \"\"E. coli\"\" is the most widely studied prokaryotic model organism, and an important species in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology, where it has served as the host organism for the majority of work with recombinant DNA. Under favorable conditions, it takes up to 20 minutes to reproduce. \"\"E. coli\"\" is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic (that makes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
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{
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"chunk_id": "16146957",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\n(\"\"\"\"Bacterium triloculare\"\"\"\") was missing. Following a revision of \"\"Bacterium\"\", it was reclassified as \"\"Bacillus coli\"\" by Migula in 1895 and later reclassified in the newly created genus \"\"Escherichia\"\", named after its original discoverer. Bacterium coli has since been used for biological lab experiment research, infection can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal injury. In 1996 the world's worst outbreak of \"\"E. coli\"\" food poisoning occurred in Wishaw, Scotland, killing 20 people. Escherichia coli Escherichia coli (), also known as E. coli (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20873115",
"chunk_text": "\"Pathogenic Escherichia coli\"\nPathogenic Escherichia coli Escherichia coli ( Anglicized to ; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most \"\"E. coli\"\" strains are harmless, but some serotypes are pathogenic and can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls. \"\"E. coli\"\" are also responsible for a majority of cases of urinary tract infections. The harmless strains are part of the normal flora of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K, and by preventing the establishment of pathogenic bacteria within",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6973063",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli in molecular biology\"\nEscherichia coli in molecular biology Escherichia coli (; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). The descendants of two isolates, K-12 and B strain, are used routinely in molecular biology as both a tool and a model organism. \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" is one of the most diverse bacterial species, with several pathogenic strains with different symptoms and with only 20% of the genome common to all strains. Furthermore, from the evolutionary point of view, the members of genus \"\"Shigella\"\" (\"\"dysenteriae\"\", \"\"flexneri\"\", \"\"boydii\"\", \"\"sonnei\"\") are actually \"\"E. coli\"\" strains \"\"in disguise\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7818790",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli in molecular biology\"\nfrom other, closely related bacteria such as \"\"Salmonella\"\", this innovation may mark a speciation event observed in the lab. Escherichia coli in molecular biology Escherichia coli (; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). The descendants of two isolates, K-12 and B strain, are used routinely in molecular biology as both a tool and a model organism. \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" is one of the most diverse bacterial species, with several pathogenic strains with different symptoms and with only 20% of the genome common to all strains. Furthermore, from the evolutionary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20873117",
"chunk_text": "\"Pathogenic Escherichia coli\"\nit has served as the host organism for the majority of work with recombinant DNA. German paediatrician and bacteriologist Theodor Escherich discovered \"\"E. coli\"\" in 1885, and it is now classified as part of the Enterobacteriaceae family of gamma-proteobacteria. Pathogenic \"\"E. coli\"\" strains can be categorized based on elements that can elicit an immune response in animals, namely: For example, \"\"E. coli\"\" strain EDL933 is of the group. The outer membrane of an \"\"E. coli\"\" cell contains millions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules, which consists of: The O antigen is used for serotyping \"\"E. coli\"\" and these O group designations go",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
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{
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"chunk_id": "20873116",
"chunk_text": "\"Pathogenic Escherichia coli\"\nthe intestine. \"\"E. coli\"\" and related bacteria constitute about 0.1% of gut flora, and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. Cells are able to survive outside the body for a limited amount of time, which makes them ideal indicator organisms to test environmental samples for fecal contamination. The bacterium can also be grown easily and inexpensively in a laboratory setting, and has been intensively investigated for over 60 years. \"\"E. coli\"\" is the most widely studied prokaryotic model organism, and an important species in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology, where",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6857557",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\ngastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. \"\"E. coli\"\" normally colonizes an infant's gastrointestinal tract within 40 hours of birth, arriving with food or water or from the individuals handling the child. In the bowel, \"\"E. coli\"\" adheres to the mucus of the large intestine. It is the primary facultative anaerobe of the human gastrointestinal tract. (Facultative anaerobes are organisms that can grow in either the presence or absence of oxygen.) As long as these bacteria do not acquire genetic elements encoding for virulence factors, they remain benign commensals. Nonpathogenic \"\"E. coli\"\" strain Nissle 1917, also known as Mutaflor, and \"\"E. coli\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6388626",
"chunk_text": "\"Coliform bacteria\"\nbe present. Such pathogens include disease-causing bacteria, viruses, or protozoa and many multicellular parasites. Coliform procedures are performed in aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Typical genera include: \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" (\"\"E. coli\"\"), a rod-shaped member of the coliforms group, can be distinguished from most other coliforms by its ability to ferment lactose at 44°C in the fecal coliform test, and by its growth and color reaction on certain types of culture media. When cultured on an eosin methylene blue (EMB) plate, a positive result for \"\"E. coli\"\" is metallic green colonies on a dark purple media. Escherichia coli have an incubation period",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
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{
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"chunk_id": "6857548",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\n65,000 generations in the laboratory. For instance, \"\"E. coli\"\" typically do not have the ability to grow aerobically with citrate as a carbon source, which is used as a diagnostic criterion with which to differentiate \"\"E. coli\"\" from other, closely, related bacteria such as \"\"Salmonella\"\". In this experiment, one population of \"\"E. coli\"\" unexpectedly evolved the ability to aerobically metabolize citrate, a major evolutionary shift with some hallmarks of microbial speciation. \"\"E. coli\"\" is the type species of the genus (\"\"Escherichia\"\") and in turn \"\"Escherichia\"\" is the type genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae, where the family name does not stem",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11733003",
"chunk_text": "\"E. Coli Metabolome Database\"\nto the original source. ECMDB data is available through a public web interface and downloads. E. Coli Metabolome Database The E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB) is a comprehensive, high-quality, freely accessible, online database of small molecule metabolites found in or produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli strain K12, MG1655). Escherichia coli is perhaps the best studied bacterium on earth and has served as the \"\"model microbe\"\" in microbiology research for more than 60 years. The ECMDB is essentially an E. coli \"\"omics\"\" encyclopedia containing detailed data on E. coli's genome, proteome and its metabolome. ECMDB is part of a suite",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6388627",
"chunk_text": "\"Coliform bacteria\"\nof 12–72 hours with the optimal growth temperature being 30–37°C. Unlike the general coliform group, \"\"E. coli\"\" are almost exclusively of fecal origin and their presence is thus an effective confirmation of fecal contamination. Most strains of \"\"E. coli\"\" are harmless, but some can cause serious illness in humans. Infection symptoms and signs include bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting and occasionally, fever. The bacteria can also cause pneumonia, other respiratory illnesses and urinary tract infections. An easy way to differentiate between different types of coliform bacteria is by using an eosin methylene blue agar plate. This plate is partially inhibitory",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2027762",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli in molecular biology\"\n(i.e. \"\"E. coli\"\" is paraphyletic to the genus). In 1885, Theodor Escherich, a German pediatrician, first discovered this species in the feces of healthy individuals and called it \"\"Bacterium coli commune\"\" because it is found in the colon and early classifications of Prokaryotes placed these in a handful of genera based on their shape and motility (at that time Ernst Haeckel's classification of Bacteria in the kingdom Monera was in place). Following a revision of Bacteria it was reclassified as \"\"Bacillus coli\"\" by Migula in 1895 and later reclassified as \"\"Escherichia coli\"\". Due to its ease of culture and fast",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16146905",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\n\"\"E. coli\"\" occurs at 37 °C (98.6 °F), but some laboratory strains can multiply at temperatures up to 49 °C (120 °F). \"\"E. coli\"\" grows in a variety of defined laboratory media, such as lysogeny broth, or any medium that contains glucose, ammonium phosphate monobasic, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate, dibasic, and water. Growth can be driven by aerobic or anaerobic respiration, using a large variety of redox pairs, including the oxidation of pyruvic acid, formic acid, hydrogen, and amino acids, and the reduction of substrates such as oxygen, nitrate, fumarate, dimethyl sulfoxide, and trimethylamine N-oxide. \"\"E. coli\"\" is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19027886",
"chunk_text": "\"Pathogenic Escherichia coli\"\ninto the known link between blood type and the severity of \"\"E. coli\"\" infection. Results of the study showed that \"\"the bacterium is more likely to cause severe diarrhea in people with type A blood,\"\" and this finding may aid current and future efforts to develop an effective vaccine against the pathogenic strains of E. \"\"coli.\"\" Pathogenic Escherichia coli Escherichia coli ( Anglicized to ; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most \"\"E. coli\"\" strains are harmless, but some serotypes are pathogenic and can cause",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16146921",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\n\"\"E. coli\"\" strains (the pangenome) exceeds 16,000. This very large variety of component genes has been interpreted to mean that two-thirds of the \"\"E. coli\"\" pangenome originated in other species and arrived through the process of horizontal gene transfer. Genes in \"\"E. coli\"\" are usually named by 4-letter acronyms that derive from their function (when known) and italicized. For instance, \"\"recA\"\" is named after its role in homologous recombination plus the letter A. Functionally related genes are named \"\"recB\"\", \"\"recC\"\", \"\"recD\"\" etc. The proteins are named by uppercase acronyms, e.g. RecA, RecB, etc. When the genome of \"\"E. coli\"\" was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10486213",
"chunk_text": "\"Beach advisory\"\ntaking antibiotics can treat diverticulitis, although serious cases may require surgery. Escherichia coli (E. coli) \"\"Escherichia coli\"\", or \"\"E. coli\"\" is a bacterium that can be found in many warm-blooded animals, which includes, humans, livestock, wildlife and birds (government of Manitoba). Escherichia coli does not usually cause illness by itself, but when it contaminates large numbers, the level of illness raises. E. coli is expelled into the environment via fecal matter. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada (2015), drinking contaminated water or drinking contaminated food may contract E. coli infections. E. coli may also be spread from one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10676237",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\navoid cross-contamination of utensils and work spaces when preparing food. Because of its long history of laboratory culture and ease of manipulation, \"\"E. coli\"\" plays an important role in modern biological engineering and industrial microbiology. The work of Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer in \"\"E. coli\"\", using plasmids and restriction enzymes to create recombinant DNA, became a foundation of biotechnology. \"\"E. coli\"\" is a very versatile host for the production of heterologous proteins, and various protein expression systems have been developed which allow the production of recombinant proteins in \"\"E. coli\"\". Researchers can introduce genes into the microbes using",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20572432",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia vulneris\"\nthe infected mice. None of the 10 strains was able to produce persisting infections. Escherichia vulneris Escherichia vulneris is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the same genus as \"\"E. coli\"\". \"\"E. vulneris\"\" is a fermentative, oxidase-negative, motile rod, which holds characteristics of the family Enterobacteraceae. This bacterium can colonize in the respiratory tract, genital tract, stool, and urinary tract. However, \"\"E. vulneris\"\" is most often associated with wounds and has been known to colonize open wounds of both humans and animals. This association gave the bacterium its species name, \"\"vulneris\"\", which is Latin for wound. It has also been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2259539",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia vulneris\"\nEscherichia vulneris Escherichia vulneris is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the same genus as \"\"E. coli\"\". \"\"E. vulneris\"\" is a fermentative, oxidase-negative, motile rod, which holds characteristics of the family Enterobacteraceae. This bacterium can colonize in the respiratory tract, genital tract, stool, and urinary tract. However, \"\"E. vulneris\"\" is most often associated with wounds and has been known to colonize open wounds of both humans and animals. This association gave the bacterium its species name, \"\"vulneris\"\", which is Latin for wound. It has also been infrequently reported in cases of meningitis. It was defined as a new species in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16146916",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nyoung, or the immunocompromised. The genera \"\"Escherichia\"\" and \"\"Salmonella\"\" diverged around 102 million years ago (credibility interval: 57–176 mya), which coincides with the divergence of their hosts: the former being found in mammals and the latter in birds and reptiles. This was followed by a split of an \"\"Escherichia\"\" ancestor into five species (\"\"E. albertii\"\", \"\"E. coli\"\", \"\"E. fergusonii\"\", \"\"E. hermannii\"\", and \"\"E. vulneris\"\"). The last \"\"E. coli\"\" ancestor split between 20 and 30 million years ago. The long-term evolution experiments using \"\"E. coli\"\", begun by Richard Lenski in 1988, have allowed direct observation of genome evolution over more than",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4960490",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nto spread horizontally through an existing population. The process of transduction, which uses the bacterial virus called a bacteriophage, is where the spread of the gene encoding for the Shiga toxin from the \"\"Shigella\"\" bacteria to \"\"E. coli\"\" helped produce , the Shiga toxin-producing strain of \"\"E. coli.\"\" \"\"E. coli\"\" encompasses an enormous population of bacteria that exhibit a very high degree of both genetic and phenotypic diversity. Genome sequencing of a large number of isolates of \"\"E. coli\"\" and related bacteria shows that a taxonomic reclassification would be desirable. However, this has not been done, largely due to its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6857543",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nmedical importance, and \"\"E. coli\"\" remains one of the most diverse bacterial species: only 20% of the genes in a typical \"\"E. coli\"\" genome is shared among all strains. In fact, from the evolutionary point of view, the members of genus \"\"Shigella\"\" (\"\"S. dysenteriae\"\", \"\"S. flexneri\"\", \"\"S. boydii\"\", and \"\"S. sonnei\"\") should be classified as \"\"E. coli\"\" strains, a phenomenon termed taxa in disguise. Similarly, other strains of \"\"E. coli\"\" (e.g. the K-12 strain commonly used in recombinant DNA work) are sufficiently different that they would merit reclassification. A strain is a subgroup within the species that has unique characteristics",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6324357",
"chunk_text": "\"Entamoeba coli\"\nspecimens. Sometimes the \"\"Entamoeba coli\"\" have parasites as well. One is the fungus \"\"Sphaerita\"\" spp. This fungus lives in the cytoplasm of the \"\"E. coli\"\". While this differentiation is typically done by visual examination of the parasitic cysts via light microscopy, new methods using molecular biology techniques have been developed. The scientific name of the amoeba, \"\"E. coli\"\", is often mistaken for the bacterium, \"\"Escherichia coli\"\". Unlike the bacterium, the amoeba is mostly harmless, and does not cause as many intestinal problems as some strains of the \"\"E. coli\"\" bacterium. Some of these harmful strains are inside raw or uncooked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "9998974",
"chunk_text": "\"Binomial nomenclature\"\nrepeatedly; in which case the genus is written in full when it is first used, but may then be abbreviated to an initial (and a period/full stop). For example, a list of members of the genus \"\"Canis\"\" might be written as \"\"\"\"Canis lupus\"\", \"\"C. aureus\"\", \"\"C. simensis\"\"\"\". In rare cases, this abbreviated form has spread to more general use; for example, the bacterium \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" is often referred to as just \"\"E. coli\"\", and \"\"Tyrannosaurus rex\"\" is perhaps even better known simply as \"\"T. rex\"\", these two both often appearing in this form in popular writing even where the full",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19493341",
"chunk_text": "\"Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli\"\nShigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli Shigatoxigenic \"\"Escherichia coli (STEC) and verotoxigenic \"\"E. coli (VTEC) are strains of the bacterium \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" that produce either Shiga toxin or Shiga-like toxin (verotoxin). Only a minority of the strains cause illness in humans. The ones that do are collectively known as enterohemorrhagic \"\"E. coli\"\" (EHEC) and are major causes of foodborne illness. When infecting humans, they often cause gastroenteritis, enterocolitis, and bloody diarrhea (hence the name \"\"enterohemorrhagic\"\") and sometimes cause a severe complication called hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The group and its subgroups are known by various names. They are distinguished from other pathotypes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9604819",
"chunk_text": "\"E. Coli Metabolome Database\"\nE. Coli Metabolome Database The E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB) is a comprehensive, high-quality, freely accessible, online database of small molecule metabolites found in or produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli strain K12, MG1655). Escherichia coli is perhaps the best studied bacterium on earth and has served as the \"\"model microbe\"\" in microbiology research for more than 60 years. The ECMDB is essentially an E. coli \"\"omics\"\" encyclopedia containing detailed data on E. coli's genome, proteome and its metabolome. ECMDB is part of a suite of organism-specific metabolomics databases that includes DrugBank, HMDB, YMDB and SMPDB. As a metabolomics resource,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "7818789",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli in molecular biology\"\nor if it had a branching pattern. \"\"E. coli\"\" was one of the first organisms to have its genome sequenced; the complete genome of \"\"E. coli\"\" K-12 was published by \"\"Science\"\" in 1997. The long-term evolution experiments using \"\"E. coli\"\", begun by Richard Lenski in 1988, have allowed direct observation of major evolutionary shifts in the laboratory. In this experiment, one population of \"\"E. coli\"\" unexpectedly evolved the ability to aerobically metabolize citrate. This capacity is extremely rare in \"\"E. coli\"\". As the inability to grow aerobically is normally used as a diagnostic criterion with which to differentiate \"\"E. coli\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "16146900",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nexpelled into the environment within fecal matter. The bacterium grows massively in fresh fecal matter under aerobic conditions for 3 days, but its numbers decline slowly afterwards. \"\"E. coli\"\" and other facultative anaerobes constitute about 0.9% of gut microbiota, and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. Cells are able to survive outside the body for a limited amount of time, which makes them potential indicator organisms to test environmental samples for fecal contamination. A growing body of research, though, has examined environmentally persistent \"\"E. coli\"\" which can survive for extended periods",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7095571",
"chunk_text": "Escherichia\nEscherichia Escherichia is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. In those species which are inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, \"\"Escherichia\"\" species provide a portion of the microbially derived vitamin K for their host. A number of the species of \"\"Escherichia\"\" are pathogenic. The genus is named after Theodor Escherich, the discoverer of \"\"Escherichia coli\"\". Physiologically, it is a facultative aerobe, meaning that it can grow happily with or without oxygen, but it cannot grow at extremes of temperature or pH nor can it degrade dangerous pollutants, photosynthesize, or do",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "6857549",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nfrom the genus \"\"Enterobacter\"\" + \"\"i\"\" (sic.) + \"\"aceae\"\", but from \"\"enterobacterium\"\" + \"\"aceae\"\" (enterobacterium being not a genus, but an alternative trivial name to enteric bacterium). The original strain described by Escherich is believed to be lost, consequently a new type strain (neotype) was chosen as a representative: the neotype strain is U5/41,<ref name=\"\"doi:10.1186/1944-3277-9-2\"\"></ref> also known under the deposit names DSM 30083, ATCC 11775, and NCTC 9001, which is pathogenic to chickens and has an O1:K1:H7 serotype. However, in most studies, either O157:H7, K-12 MG1655, or K-12 W3110 were used as a representative \"\"E. coli\"\". The genome of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "16146956",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nbeing performed attempting to program \"\"E. coli\"\" to solve complicated mathematics problems, such as the Hamiltonian path problem. In 1885, the German-Austrian pediatrician Theodor Escherich discovered this organism in the feces of healthy individuals. He called it \"\"Bacterium coli commune\"\" because it is found in the colon. Early classifications of prokaryotes placed these in a handful of genera based on their shape and motility (at that time Ernst Haeckel's classification of bacteria in the kingdom Monera was in place). \"\"Bacterium coli\"\" was the type species of the now invalid genus \"\"Bacterium\"\" when it was revealed that the former type species",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7147234",
"chunk_text": "\"Bacterium (genus)\"\nBacterium (genus) The genus Bacterium was a taxon described in 1828 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. The type species was later changed from \"\"Bacterium triloculare\"\" to \"\"Bacterium coli\"\" (now \"\"Escherichia coli\"\") as it was lost. In 1951 and then in 1954 it was recognised as a \"\"nomen generum rejiciendum\"\", which means a generic name to be rejected, this also applied to its family \"\"Bacteriaceae\"\". This genus included non-spore forming rods whose relation to other species was obscure (a \"\"taxonomy dumping group\"\"). This is different from the genus Bacillus, whose members were spore forming rods (\"\"sensu\"\" Cohn 1872). Many species were placed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14440083",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli O104:H21\"\nEscherichia coli O104:H21 \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" O104:H21 is a rare serotype of \"\"Escherichia coli\"\", a species of bacteria that lives in the lower intestines of mammals. The presence of many serotypes of \"\"E. coli\"\" in animals is beneficial or does not cause disease in animals. However, some serotypes of \"\" E. coli\"\" have been recognized as pathogenic to humans, e.g. , \"\"E. coli\"\" O121 and \"\"E. coli\"\" O104:H21. \"\"E. coli\"\" O104:H21 was discovered in 1982, when it caused an outbreak of severe bloody diarrhea. It had infected hamburgers, and those affected had eaten these hamburgers not fully cooked. An of \"\"E.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17959728",
"chunk_text": "Escherichia\nimbalance of microbiota of the lower reproductive tract of women. These species are associated with inflammation. Escherichia Escherichia is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. In those species which are inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, \"\"Escherichia\"\" species provide a portion of the microbially derived vitamin K for their host. A number of the species of \"\"Escherichia\"\" are pathogenic. The genus is named after Theodor Escherich, the discoverer of \"\"Escherichia coli\"\". Physiologically, it is a facultative aerobe, meaning that it can grow happily with or without oxygen, but it cannot",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7147235",
"chunk_text": "\"Bacterium (genus)\"\nunder the genus. Given that the genus was abolished in the process of forming the Bacteriological Code there is no such thing as an official list of species present. These are those accepted by Breed and Conn in 1935: Bacterium (genus) The genus Bacterium was a taxon described in 1828 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. The type species was later changed from \"\"Bacterium triloculare\"\" to \"\"Bacterium coli\"\" (now \"\"Escherichia coli\"\") as it was lost. In 1951 and then in 1954 it was recognised as a \"\"nomen generum rejiciendum\"\", which means a generic name to be rejected, this also applied to its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6857546",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nbiological processes of mutation, gene duplication, and horizontal gene transfer; in particular, 18% of the genome of the laboratory strain MG1655 was horizontally acquired since the divergence from \"\"Salmonella\"\". \"\"E. coli\"\" K-12 and \"\"E. coli\"\" B strains are the most frequently used varieties for laboratory purposes. Some strains develop traits that can be harmful to a host animal. These virulent strains typically cause a bout of diarrhea that is often self-limiting in healthy adults but is frequently lethal to children in the developing world. More virulent strains, such as , cause serious illness or death in the elderly, the very",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6646600",
"chunk_text": "Escherichia\na variety of other things that interest microbiologists. While many \"\"Escherichia\"\" are commensal members of the gut microbiota, certain strains of some species, most notably the serotypes of \"\"Escherichia coli\"\", are human pathogens, and are the most common cause of urinary tract infections, significant sources of gastrointestinal disease, ranging from simple diarrhea to dysentery-like conditions, as well as a wide range of other pathogenic states classifiable in general as colonic escherichiosis. While \"\"E. coli\"\" is responsible for the vast majority of \"\"Escherichia\"\"-related pathogenesis, other members of the genus have also been implicated in human disease. \"\"Escherichia\"\" are associated with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3474645",
"chunk_text": "Proteobacteria\nProteobacteria Proteobacteria is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogens, such as \"\"Escherichia\"\", \"\"Salmonella\"\", \"\"Vibrio\"\", \"\"Helicobacter\"\", \"\"Yersinia\"\", \"\"Legionellales\"\" and many other notable genera. Others are free-living (non-parasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the \"\"purple bacteria and their relatives\"\". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was named after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes and is not named after the Proteobacteria genus \"\"Proteus\"\". Some Alphaproteobacteria can grow",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11142114",
"chunk_text": "\"Gram-negative bacteria\"\nGram-negative bacteria Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane. Gram-negative bacteria are found everywhere, in virtually all environments on Earth that support life. The gram-negative bacteria include the model organism \"\"Escherichia coli\"\", as well as many pathogenic bacteria, such as \"\"Pseudomonas aeruginosa\"\", \"\"Neisseria gonorrhoeae\"\", \"\"Chlamydia trachomatis\"\", and \"\"Yersinia pestis\"\". They are an important medical challenge, as their outer membrane",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6857554",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nfor alleles in the MG1655 strain of \"\"E. coli\"\" K-12. Complete lists of genes and their synonyms can be obtained from databases such as EcoGene or Uniprot. Several studies have investigated the proteome of \"\"E. coli\"\". By 2006, 1,627 (38%) of the 4,237 open reading frames (ORFs) had been identified experimentally. The 4,639,221–base pair sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 is presented. Of 4288 protein-coding genes annotated, 38 percent have no attributed function. Comparison with five other sequenced microbes reveals ubiquitous as well as narrowly distributed gene families; many families of similar genes within \"\"E. coli\"\" are also evident. The largest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6857578",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli\"\nhave lost their ability to thrive in the intestine. Many laboratory strains lose their ability to form biofilms. These features protect wild-type strains from antibodies and other chemical attacks, but require a large expenditure of energy and material resources. In 1946, Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum first described the phenomenon known as bacterial conjugation using \"\"E. coli\"\" as a model bacterium, and it remains the primary model to study conjugation. \"\"E. coli\"\" was an integral part of the first experiments to understand phage genetics, and early researchers, such as Seymour Benzer, used \"\"E. coli\"\" and phage T4 to understand the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5772842",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli O157:H7\"\nEscherichia coli O157:H7 \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" and is one of the Shiga toxin–producing types of \"\"E. coli\"\". It is a cause of disease, typically foodborne illness, through consumption of contaminated and raw food, including raw milk and undercooked ground beef. Infection with this type of pathogenic bacteria may lead to hemorrhagic diarrhea, and to kidney failure; these have been reported to cause the deaths of children younger than five years of age, of elderly patients, and of patients whose immune systems are otherwise compromised. Transmission is via the fecal–oral route, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6324358",
"chunk_text": "\"Entamoeba coli\"\nmeat that is consumed. For example, the bacterium, , which can cause illness, and even death, if eaten. To make the naming of these organisms less confusing, \"\"alternate contractions\"\" are used to name the species for the purpose making the naming easier; for example, using \"\"Esch. coli\"\" and \"\"Ent. coli\"\" for the bacterium and amoeba, instead of using \"\"E. coli\"\" for both. The presence of \"\"E.coli\"\" is not cause in and of itself to seek treatment as it is considered harmless. However, when a person becomes infected with this benign entamoeba, other pathogenic organisms may have been introduced as well,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17391061",
"chunk_text": "\"Campylobacter coli\"\nCampylobacter coli Campylobacter coli is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, nonendospore-forming, S-shaped bacterial species within genus \"\"Campylobacter\"\". \"\"C. coli\"\" grows slowly with an optimum temperature of 42 °C. When exposed to air for long periods, they become spherical or coccoid shaped. At least a dozen species of \"\"Campylobacter\"\" have been implicated in human disease (campylobacteriosis), with \"\"C. jejuni\"\" and \"\"C. coli\"\" the most common. In humans, 85% to 95% of infections by the \"\"Campylobacter\"\" species involve \"\"C. jejuni\"\", while \"\"C. coli\"\" is involved in a majority of the other cases. The bacterium is often found in pigs but can also infect humans",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19027860",
"chunk_text": "\"Pathogenic Escherichia coli\"\n\"\"fliC\"\" gene. There are 53 identified H antigens, numbered from H1 to H56 (H13 and H22 were not \"\"E. coli\"\" antigens but from \"\"Citrobacter freundii\"\", and H50 was found to be the same as H10). In humans and in domestic animals, virulent strains of \"\"E. coli\"\" can cause various diseases. In humans : gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis. In rarer cases, virulent strains are also responsible for hemolytic-uremic syndrome, peritonitis, mastitis, septicaemia and gram-negative pneumonia. Certain strains of \"\"E. coli\"\", such as , , O121, O26, , O111, O145, and , produce potentially lethal toxins. Food poisoning caused",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11681155",
"chunk_text": "\"Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli\"\nto 72 hours following the ingestion of contaminated food. The illness is characterized by abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, chills, and a generalized malaise. Dysentery caused by this organism is generally self-limiting with no known complications. Enterovirulent classes of \"\"E. coli\"\" are referred to as the EEC group (enterovirulent \"\"E. coli\"\"): It is currently unknown what foods may harbor EIEC, but any food contaminated with human feces from an ill individual, either directly or via contaminated water, could cause disease in others. Outbreaks have been associated with hamburger meat and unpasteurized milk. Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli Enteroinvasive \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" (EIEC) is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2027766",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli in molecular biology\"\nmustard, ultra-violet radiation, X-ray etc. An extensive list of \"\"Escherichia coli\"\" K-12 strain derivatives and their individual construction, genotypes, phenotypes, plasmids and phage information can be viewed at Ecoliwiki. A second common laboratory strain is the B strain, whose history is less straightforward and the first naming of the strain as \"\"E. coli\"\" B was by Delbrück and Luria in 1942 in their study of bacteriophages T1 and T7. The original \"\"E. coli\"\" B strain, known then as \"\"Bacillus coli\"\", originated from Félix d'Herelle from the Institut Pasteur in Paris around 1918 who studied bacteriophages, who claimed that it originated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7818787",
"chunk_text": "\"Escherichia coli in molecular biology\"\npost-translational modifications, including glycoproteins by using the N-linked glycosylation system of \"\"Campylobacter jejuni\"\" engineered into \"\"E. coli\"\". Efforts are currently under way to expand this technology to produce complex glycosylations. Studies are also being performed into programming \"\"E. coli\"\" to potentially solve complicated mathematics problems such as the Hamiltonian path problem. \"\"E. coli\"\" is frequently used as a model organism in microbiology studies. Cultivated strains (e.g. \"\"E. coli\"\" K-12) are well-adapted to the laboratory environment, and, unlike wild type strains, have lost their ability to thrive in the intestine. Many lab strains lose their ability to form biofilms. These features",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_924
|
when was the rock and roll hall of fame built in cleveland?
|
n/a
|
[
"1995",
"September 1995"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17888419",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nRock and Roll Hall of Fame The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, recognizes and archives the history of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, engineers, and other notable figures who have had some major influence on the development of rock and roll. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established on April 20, 1983, by Atlantic Records founder and chairman Ahmet Ertegun. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the Hall of Fame's permanent home. Founder Ahmet Ertegun assembled a team that included attorney Suzan Evans,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17888428",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\n2014, 2016 and 2017); twice in Los Angeles (1993 and 2013); and four times in the Hall of Fame's home in Cleveland (1997, 2009, 2012 and 2015). Beginning in 2018, the induction ceremonies will alternate each year between Cleveland and New York. The 2009 and 2012 induction weeks were made possible by a public–private partnership between the City of Cleveland, the State of Ohio, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and local foundations, corporations, civic organizations and individuals. Collectively these entities invested $5.8 million in 2009 and $7.9 million in 2012 to produce a week of events, including free",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4374482",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nm) due to its proximity to Burke Lakefront Airport. The building's base is approximately 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2). The groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7, 1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1, 1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, before a crowd of more than 10,000 people. The following night an all-star concert was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8000101",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nCleveland over Memphis, and Cleveland ranked first in a 1986 \"\"USA Today\"\" poll asking where the Hall of Fame should be located. On May 5, 1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland. \"\"The hall of fame should've been in Memphis, certainly,\"\" wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have been chosen as the organization's site because the city offered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8000103",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nCleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. At one point in the planning phase, when a financing gap existed, planners proposed locating the Rock Hall in the then-vacant May Company Building, but finally decided to commission architect I. M. Pei to design a new building. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site. Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was initially planned to stand 200 ft (61 m) high, but had to be cut down to 162 ft (49",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5544218",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Stadium\"\nFloyd and the Rolling Stones. On September 2, 1995, the opening of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was celebrated with an all-star concert which featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Aretha Franklin, Jerry Lee Lewis and others. The stadium also hosted numerous religious services. Its most heavily attended event was the Roman Catholic Church's Seventh Eucharistic Congress, hosted by the Diocese of Cleveland in 1935, which attracted 75,000 to a midnight mass on September 24, 1935 and an estimated 125,000 to Eucharistic service the following day. One of the stadium's last events was a Billy Graham crusade, held in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4374510",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nand Museum, the ceremony was held in Cleveland. It returned to Cleveland in 2009 and again in 2012. Current plans call for the ceremony to be in Cleveland every three years. Generally, the number of inductees ranges from about a half-dozen to a dozen. Virtually all living inductees have attended the ceremonies, and they are presented with their Hall of Fame award by an artist who was influenced by that inductee's music. Both the presenter and the inductee speak at the ceremonies, which also include numerous musical performances, by both the inductees and the presenters. The first group of inductees,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9510445",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\ngenre—and that Cleveland was the location of Freed's Moondog Coronation Ball, the first major rock and roll concert. In addition, Cleveland cited radio station WMMS, which played a key role in breaking several major acts in the U.S. during the 1970s and 1980s, including David Bowie, who began his first U.S. tour in the city, Bruce Springsteen, Roxy Music, and Rush among many others. Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in public money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9510447",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nthe best financial package. As \"\"The Plain Dealer\"\" music critic Michael Norman noted, \"\"It was $65 million... Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money.\"\" Co-founder Jann Wenner later said, \"\"One of the small sad things is we didn't do it in New York in the first place,\"\" but then added, \"\"I am absolutely delighted that the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is in Cleveland.\"\" During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, the Foundation's board considered the Cuyahoga River. Ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15874202",
"chunk_text": "\"Public Auditorium\"\nOpera Spring Tour performances between 1924 and 1983. Its use as a concert venue declined sharply after the completion of the Wolstein Center at Cleveland State University in 1991. The annual Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremonies have been held in Public Auditorium several times. In April 2009, it hosted the 24th induction ceremonies, the first open to the public. On April 14, 2012, the facility hosted the Hall of Fame's 27th induction ceremonies. On April 18, 2015, the facility hosted the 30th anniversary induction ceremonies. On April 14, 2018, the facility hosted the 33th anniversary induction ceremonies.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "40831",
"chunk_text": "Cleveland\nOhio-Pennsylvania state border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. It became a manufacturing center due to its location on both the river and the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy relies on diversified sectors such as manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedicals. Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Cleveland residents are called \"\"Clevelanders\"\". The city has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being \"\"The Forest City\"\". Cleveland was named on July 22, 1796, when surveyors of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17888433",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\ntwo levels of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame feature large, temporary exhibits. Over the years, numerous exhibits have been installed on these two levels, including exhibits about Elvis Presley, hip-hop, the Supremes, the Who, U2, John Lennon, the Clash, Bruce Springsteen, \"\"Women Who Rock\"\", and the Rolling Stones. Designed by I. M. Pei and structurally engineered by Leslie E. Robertson Associates, the building rises above the shores of Lake Erie. It is a combination of geometric forms and cantilevered spaces that are anchored by a 162-foot tower. The tower supports a dual-triangular-shaped glass \"\"tent\"\" that extends (at its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "519301",
"chunk_text": "\"Bruce Conforth\"\nBruce Conforth Bruce Michael Conforth (born in Paterson, New Jersey, United States) was the first curator of Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Conforth was born September 3, 1950, in Paterson, New Jersey, and grew up in New Jersey and New York City. He became an artist and musician at an early age. In 1966 he appeared on an album called \"\"It's Happening Here\"\" as the bass player for a band called The Nightwatch. The liner notes read as follows: Too Long - The Nightwatch He was an athlete in high school, winning several letters and medals for his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17888434",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nbase) onto a 65,000-square-foot plaza that provides a main entry facade. The building houses more than 55,000 square feet of exhibition space, as well as administrative offices, a store, and a café. \"\"In designing this building,\"\" Pei said, \"\"it was my intention to echo the energy of rock and roll. I have consciously used an architectural vocabulary that is bold and new, and I hope the building will become a dramatic landmark for the city of Cleveland and for fans of rock and roll around the world.\"\" Since 1997, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has featured numerous temporary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9510444",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\n\"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine editor and publisher Jann S. Wenner, attorney Allen Grubman, and record executives Seymour Stein, Bob Krasnow, and Noreen Woods. The Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia (home of Bill Haley and \"\"American Bandstand\"\"), Memphis (home of Sun Studios and Stax Records), Detroit (home of Motown Records), Cincinnati (home of King Records), New York City, and Cleveland. Cleveland lobbied for the museum, citing that WJW disc jockey Alan Freed both coined the term \"\"rock and roll\"\" and heavily promoted the new",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17888427",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nheld at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the museum documents the entire history of rock and roll, regardless of induction status. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in a special exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees. The formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 26 times (1986–92, 1994–96, 1998–2008, 2010–11,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17888429",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nconcerts, a gospel celebration, exhibition openings, free admission to the museum, and induction ceremonies filled with both fans and VIPs at Public Hall. Millions viewed the television broadcast of the Cleveland inductions; tens of thousands traveled to Ohio during induction week to participate in Induction-related events. The economic impact of the 2009 induction week activities was more than $13 million, and it provided an additional $20 million in media exposure for the region. The 2012 induction week yielded similar results. There are seven levels in the building. On the lower level is the Ahmet M. Ertegun Exhibition Hall, the museum's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6705402",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Convention Center (demolished)\"\non May 1. By this time, the \"\"Great Hall\"\" was 98 percent complete, with only the installation of handrails and stone steps in the lobby and some final cleaning remaining to be done. Despite the many delays created by excavation issues and labor disputes, construction was still three months ahead of schedule. The Cleveland Convention Center opened on May 11, 1964, three months ahead of schedule. Ohio Governor Jim Rhodes and Mayor Locher were joined at the ribbon-cutting by Herbert C. Jackson, Executive Vice President of Pickands Mather and president of American Mining Congress. The 1964 American Mining Congress Coal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4274325",
"chunk_text": "\"Galleria at Erieview\"\nGalleria at Erieview The Galleria at Erieview is a two floor shopping mall that opened in 1987 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, on the east side of the city's downtown. It is adjacent to the Erieview Tower, a 40-story office building. The Galleria is a few blocks away from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The concept for the Galleria began in 1985, when Richard E. Jacobs, who had just bought the Cleveland Indians baseball team, also bought the Tower at Erieview, which had opened in 1964. Jacobs began planning to convert the plaza that lay in front of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8000137",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nto Joel Peresman, the president of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation, \"\"This award gives us flexibility to dive into some things and recognize some people who might not ordinarily get recognized.\"\" The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum's Library and Archives is the world's most comprehensive repository of materials related to the history of rock and roll. The Library and Archives is located in a new building on the Metro Campus of Cuyahoga Community College in Cleveland's Campus District. The Library and Archives' mission is to collect, preserve and provide access to these materials. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4374509",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nthe E Street Band closing the concert with special guests John Fogerty, Darlene Love, Tom Morello, Sam Moore, Jackson Browne, Peter Wolf, and Billy Joel. Artists are inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at an annual induction ceremony. Over the years, the majority of the ceremonies have been held at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. However, on January 12, 1993, the ceremony was held in Los Angeles, and was held there again in 2013. On May 6, 1997, about a year and a half after the opening of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7658534",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Cleveland\"\nmalaise, according to a 2006 report by the Cleveland Branch of the Federal Reserve. The large publicly financed projects of the 1990s, such as the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland Browns Stadium, and the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex, mostly failed to deliver their promised economic growth. The city's public school system languishes in the state's \"\"academic emergency\"\" rating, and the city proper attracted fewer college-educated citizens than the surrounding region. Moreover, regional governments did not spend much to develop new companies or train and retain engineers, scientists, and other highly educated persons who could drive a new",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8277597",
"chunk_text": "\"Music of Ohio\"\nMusic of Ohio The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame are located in Cleveland, Ohio. Ohio musicians inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame include, The Isley Brothers (from Cincinnati) in '92, The Moonglows (from Cleveland) in 2000, The O'Jays (from Canton) in '05, Chrissie Hynde (from Akron) of The Pretenders in '05, and Bobby Womack (from Cleveland) (d.2014) in '09. This state is also the home of four major symphony orchestras which are located in Cleveland, Akron, Cincinnati, and Dayton as well as a \"\"pops\"\" orchestra, the Cincinnati",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9510496",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nchosen at the owner's pleasure. This seems proper to me. It is their business in any case. It does not seem to me that the HOF carries a public mandate, nor should it be compelled to conform to one.\"\" Various magazines and news outlets, such as \"\"Time\"\", NPR radio, \"\"The Christian Science Monitor\"\", \"\"Goldmine\"\" magazine, Yahoo Music and MSNBC have argued that the Monkees belong in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, recognizes and archives",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5914393",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Lakefront station\"\nCleveland Lakefront station Cleveland Lakefront Station is an Amtrak train station at North Coast Harbor in Cleveland, Ohio. The station was built in 1977 to provide service to the \"\"Lake Shore Limited\"\" route, which was reinstated by Amtrak via Cleveland and Toledo in 1975. It replaced service to Cleveland Union Terminal. Lakefront Station is located in downtown Cleveland near the Lake Erie waterfront, adjacent to the Cleveland Memorial Shoreway and in the immediate vicinity of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Great Lakes Science Center, the Steamship William G. Mather Museum, and FirstEnergy Stadium. The station has had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10519586",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Stadium\"\nyears after the stadium was built. In November 1928, Cleveland voters passed by 112,448 to 76,975, a 59% passage rate, with 55% needed to pass, \"\"a US$2.5 million levy for a fireproof stadium on the Lakefront.\"\" Actual construction costs overran that amount by $500,000. Built during the administrations of city managers William R. Hopkins and Daniel E. Morgan, it was designed by the architectural firms of Walker and Weeks and by Osborn Engineering Company. It featured an early use of structural aluminum. The stadium was dedicated on July 1, 1931. On July 3, 1931, it hosted a boxing match for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15464315",
"chunk_text": "Cleveland\nmusicals, special concerts, speaking engagements, and other events throughout the year. One Playhouse Square, now the headquarters for Cleveland's public broadcasters, was initially used as the broadcast studios of WJW (AM), where disc jockey Alan Freed first popularized the term \"\"rock and roll\"\". Cleveland gained a strong reputation in rock music in the 1960s and 70s as a key breakout market for nationally promoted acts and performers. The city hosted the \"\"World Series of Rock\"\" at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, which was notable high-attendance events. Located between Playhouse Square and University Circle is Karamu House, a well-known African American performing and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11468525",
"chunk_text": "\"Public Auditorium\"\nPublic Auditorium Public Auditorium (also known as Public Hall) is a multi-purpose performing arts, entertainment, sports, and exposition facility located in the civic center district of downtown Cleveland, Ohio. The 10,000-capacity main auditorium shares its stage with a second venue housed at the facility: the 3,000-capacity Music Hall. Although Public Auditorium was planned and funded prior to World War I, construction did not begin until 1920, and the building did not open until 1922. Designed by city architect J. Harold McDowell and Frank Walker of Walker and Weeks in a neoclassical style matching the other Group Plan buildings, it was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4274328",
"chunk_text": "\"Galleria at Erieview\"\nAt one point, the Galleria was noted for the business \"\"Gardens under Glass\"\", an urban farm beneath the mall's atrium. Gardens under Glass closed in 2013. More recently, the Parker Hannifin Downtown YMCA has moved in to occupy a considerable portion of the Galleria. Galleria at Erieview The Galleria at Erieview is a two floor shopping mall that opened in 1987 in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, on the east side of the city's downtown. It is adjacent to the Erieview Tower, a 40-story office building. The Galleria is a few blocks away from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17258631",
"chunk_text": "\"Renaissance Cleveland Hotel\"\nbe at the event. The Beatles returned in 1966, when they performed at Cleveland Stadium on August 14 and gave a press conference in the Sheraton's Empire Room that day. Duke Ellington gave a concert in the Sheraton Ballroom of the hotel on September 28, 1972. The hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 as part of the Terminal complex. President Gerald Ford visited the hotel on June 6, 1976 and gave a series of speeches and attended multiple receptions. In 1977, Sheraton sold the hotel, which now had only 800 rooms, to Save-the-Square, Inc.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12114513",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Arena\"\nCincinnati Royals of the National Basketball Association (NBA), who played more than 35 of their home games there from 1966–1970. The arena and the Barons were purchased by Nick Mileti in 1968. In 1970, the expansion Cleveland Cavaliers of the NBA moved into the arena and played there for their first four seasons, from 1970–1974. The Cleveland Crusaders of the new World Hockey Association began play in 1972, hosting games there until 1974. Cleveland Arena was also a regular concert and boxing venue. On March 21, 1952 it was the site of the Moondog Coronation Ball, considered the first rock",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8966626",
"chunk_text": "CBGB\nit all\"\". CBGB's nomination as a landmark drew an explanation: Today visitors can see etched into the cement at the entrance to the clothing store, the name of the music venue and the date it was founded \"\"CBGB '73\"\". People often stop and take pictures of the inscription as well as the facade of the store. CBGB's awning was moved into the lobby of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. The CBGB Festival produced large free concerts in Times Square and Central Park on July 7, 2012. They also showcased hundreds of bands in venues across the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8675932",
"chunk_text": "WMMS\nrotation mixed with album cuts; this new blended rock/Top 40 format was soon known by those at the station as Rock Forty. The station also started to devote weekend programming to the classic rock format. In the mid-1980s, WMMS was an important contributor in organizing a campaign (along with former Cleveland ad agency president Edward Spizel and author-deejay Norm N. Nite) which brought the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to Cleveland. John Gorman, Denny Sanders and Kid Leo organized the original campaign with Tunc Erim, assistant to Atlantic Records president Ahmet Ertegun. Jeff & Flash were also credited as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4594509",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Rocks\"\nCleveland Rocks \"\"Cleveland Rocks\"\" is a rock song by Ian Hunter from his 1979 album \"\"You're Never Alone with a Schizophrenic\"\". The song is seen as a de facto anthem in Cleveland, Ohio. The song was played every Friday at 6:00 PM on Cleveland radio station WMMS beginning in 1979 and is used as a victory song for the city's sports teams. In recognition of \"\"Cleveland Rocks\"\", Hunter was given the key to the city by Cleveland mayor Dennis Kucinich on June 19, 1979. The song was inspired in part by the songwriter's desire to counteract the poor reputation of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5542861",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Stadium\"\nCleveland Stadium Cleveland Stadium, commonly known as Municipal Stadium or Lakefront Stadium, was a multi-purpose stadium located in Cleveland, Ohio. It was one of the early multi-purpose stadiums, built to accommodate both baseball and football. The stadium opened in 1931 and is best known as the long-time home of the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball, from 1932 to 1993, and the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL), from 1946 to 1995, in addition to hosting other teams, sports, and being a regular concert venue. The stadium was a four-time host of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3089047",
"chunk_text": "\"Pro Football Hall of Fame\"\nPro Football Hall of Fame The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the hall of fame for professional American football, located in Canton, Ohio. Opened in 1963, the Hall of Fame enshrines exceptional figures in the sport of professional football, including players, coaches, franchise owners, and front-office personnel, almost all of whom made their primary contributions to the game in the National Football League (NFL); the Hall inducts between four and eight new enshrinees each year. The Hall of Fame's Mission is to \"\"Honor the Heroes of the Game, Preserve its History, Promote its Values & Celebrate Excellence EVERYWHERE.\"\" With",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19728846",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Convention Center labor dispute of 1963\"\nsections of the Cleveland Mall. The project also included a reception pavilion, which would be erected against the west side of the existing Public Auditorium. On November 9, 1960, Cleveland voters approved the bond levy to build this convention center. Groundbreaking for the convention center occurred on July 17, 1961, and site preparation began on July 19. The foundation neared completion on May 25, and the underground convention center's floor and walls were completed at the end of July 1962. Structural work on the exhibit hall, roof, and reception pavilion began in August 1962. Structural steel for the roof began",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6604566",
"chunk_text": "\"North Coast Harbor\"\nNorth Coast Harbor North Coast Harbor is a district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio on the shore of Lake Erie. The district serves as the home of the Great Lakes Science Center, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, FirstEnergy Stadium, the Steamship William G. Mather Maritime Museum, the USS \"\"Cod\"\", Burke Lakefront Airport, Voinovich Bicentennial Park, and the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority. It is served by the West 3rd and North Coast stations on RTA's light rail Waterfront Line. The harbor was the site of the Great Lakes Exposition, a historic event starting in 1936 that commemorated the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7069235",
"chunk_text": "\"North Coast Harbor\"\nHall of Fame and Museum, the Great Lakes Science Center and FirstEnergy Stadium. Architectural drawings include shops, restaurants, offices and a hotel tied together by walking and bicycle paths. The Rock & Dock at the North Coast Harbor Transient Marina in Downtown Cleveland opened behind the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in June 2014. In 2014, Cumberland Development, LLC and Trammel Crow Company were selected by City of Cleveland to develop 20+ acres surrounding Cleveland's North Coast Harbor. Phase 1; a restaurant on E9th pier was complete July 2016. Ground breaking for Phase 2; multi-use space located",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17888447",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\n1996, such artists as Robert Lockwood, Jr., the Temptations, Charles Brown, Ruth Brown, the Ohio Players, Lloyd Price, Little Anthony and the Imperials, and Al Green have appeared at the museum during Black History Month. Another program is the Hall of Fame Series. This series began in April 1996 and features interviews with Hall of Fame inductees in a rare and intimate settings, most often in the Museum's Foster Theater. The interviews are usually followed by a question-and-answer session with the audience and, often, a performance by the inductee. Among the inductees who have taken part in this series are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7069236",
"chunk_text": "\"North Coast Harbor\"\nin the former skate park just north of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame is scheduled for 2017. North Coast Harbor North Coast Harbor is a district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio on the shore of Lake Erie. The district serves as the home of the Great Lakes Science Center, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, FirstEnergy Stadium, the Steamship William G. Mather Maritime Museum, the USS \"\"Cod\"\", Burke Lakefront Airport, Voinovich Bicentennial Park, and the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority. It is served by the West 3rd and North Coast stations on RTA's light rail Waterfront Line.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4374508",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nThe Rock and Roll Hall of Fame celebrated its 25th anniversary with a concert series over two days on October 29 and 30, 2009 at Madison Square Garden in New York. The celebration included performances by Jerry Lee Lewis, U2, Patti Smith, Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band, Simon & Garfunkel, Dion DiMucci, Metallica, James Taylor, Bonnie Raitt, Fergie, Mick Jagger, Lou Reed, Ray Davies, Ozzy Osbourne, Paul Simon, Jeff Beck, Buddy Guy, Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, Sting, Little Anthony & the Imperials, and Crosby, Stills and Nash. The first night ran almost six hours with Bruce Springsteen &",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9651285",
"chunk_text": "\"National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum\"\nand Museum, similarly to Canton for the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. The Hall of Fame was established in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark, the owner of a local hotel. Clark had sought to bring tourists to a city hurt by the Great Depression, which reduced the local tourist trade, and Prohibition, which devastated the local hops industry. A new building was constructed, and the Hall of Fame was dedicated on June 12, 1939. (Clark's granddaughter, Jane Forbes Clark, is the current chairman of the Board of Directors.) The erroneous claim that Civil War hero Abner Doubleday",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12485184",
"chunk_text": "Cleveland\nCleveland is home to the I. M. Pei-designed Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on the Lake Erie waterfront at North Coast Harbor downtown. Neighboring attractions include Cleveland Browns Stadium, the Great Lakes Science Center, the Steamship Mather Museum, and the , a World War II submarine. Cleveland has an attraction for visitors and fans of \"\"A Christmas Story\"\": A Christmas Story House and Museum to see props, costumes, rooms, photos and other materials related to the Jean Shepherd film. Cleveland is home to many festivals throughout the year. Cultural festivals such as the annual Feast of the Assumption in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18621758",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Convention Center (demolished)\"\noverruns. A major dispute broke out between civil rights activists and labor unions in the summer of 1963. Nevertheless, the convention center informally opened on May 11, 1964, almost three months ahead of schedule. A formal dedication on August 28, 1964, was followed an 11-day festival. The Cleveland Convention Center underwent a major $28 million renovation from 1983 to 1987. Substantially reconfigured, although not larger, it reopened on October 5, 1987. The convention center was demolished in 2011, and the larger Huntington Convention Center of Cleveland built in the same underground location. It opened on June 7, 2013. Some time",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4594516",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Rocks\"\ncovered \"\"England Rocks\"\" on the Mott the Hoople-themed album \"\"My ReGeneration\"\". Cleveland Rocks \"\"Cleveland Rocks\"\" is a rock song by Ian Hunter from his 1979 album \"\"You're Never Alone with a Schizophrenic\"\". The song is seen as a de facto anthem in Cleveland, Ohio. The song was played every Friday at 6:00 PM on Cleveland radio station WMMS beginning in 1979 and is used as a victory song for the city's sports teams. In recognition of \"\"Cleveland Rocks\"\", Hunter was given the key to the city by Cleveland mayor Dennis Kucinich on June 19, 1979. The song was inspired in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "519312",
"chunk_text": "\"Bruce Conforth\"\nhis own days as a performer. The early years of the Rock Hall saw some tensions develop friction between the two boards of directors: one in Cleveland made of local businessmen, and one in New York City (the location of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation) populated by industry executives such as Ahmet Ertegun of Atlantic Records and Jann Wenner of Rolling Stone Magazine. With the construction of the building almost complete, Conforth left the job. He was alleged to have written a tell-all book called \"\"Don't Rock the Hall\"\" but the work has never been published. After",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12114514",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Arena\"\nand roll concert, organized by Alan Freed. The concert was shut down after the first song by fire authorities due to overcrowding. It was estimated 20,000 people were in the arena or trying to enter it, when the capacity was roughly half that. While the arena was a showpiece when it opened, by the time it closed in 1974 it had become decrepit and lacked adequate parking. It was replaced for sports and entertainment use by the Richfield Coliseum that year and demolished in 1977. The headquarters of the Cleveland Chapter of the American Red Cross now occupies the site.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17888449",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"\nof Fame and Museum's most acclaimed program is the annual American Music Masters series. Each year the museum celebrates one of the Hall's inductees with a week-long series of programs that include interviews, film screenings, and, often, a special exhibit. The celebration ends with an all-star concert held at a Cleveland theater. The concerts include a diverse mix of artists, from Hall of Fame inductees to contemporary musicians. The American Music Masters series began in 1996 with \"\"Hard Travelin': The Life and Legacy of Pete Seeger\"\". Since then, the programs have honored the following inductees: Jimmie Rodgers (1997), Robert Johnson",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13318746",
"chunk_text": "\"Quicken Loans Arena\"\nhosted the 2016 Republican National Convention. The Q was preceded in downtown Cleveland by the Cleveland Arena, a facility built in 1937 with a seating capacity for basketball of approximately 12,000. It was best known as the site of the Moondog Coronation Ball in 1952, widely regarded as the first rock and roll concert. Cleveland Arena was the first home of the Cavaliers in 1970. The Cleveland Arena was also the home of an earlier professional basketball team, the Cleveland Rebels of the Basketball Association of America, the original Cleveland Barons ice hockey team, and hosted several games of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_925
|
who acts as the chairman of the election commission?
|
n/a
|
[
"The Chief Election Commissioner",
"Achal Kumar Jyoti",
"Chief Election Commissioner"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3789085",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commissioner of India\"\nElection Commissioner of India Election Commissioners of India are members of Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and state legislatures. The Election Commissioners are usually retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers. Until 1989, the commission was a single member body, but later two additional Election Commissioners were added. Thus, the Election Commission currently consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. The decisions of the commission are taken by a majority vote.Sunil Arorais the current Chief Election Commissioner and the other two are Ashok Lavasa Originally in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19311186",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief Election Commissioner of India\"\nChief Election Commissioner of India The Chief Election Commissioner heads the Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and state legislatures and of President and Vice-President. Chief Election Commissioner of India is usually a member of the Indian Civil Service and mostly from the Indian Administrative Service. It is very difficult to remove the authority of the Chief Election Commissioner once appointed by the president, as two-thirds of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha need to vote against him for disorderly conduct or improper actions. Despite the recent changes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3789089",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commissioner of India\"\nElection Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1992\"\". Election Commissioner of India Election Commissioners of India are members of Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and state legislatures. The Election Commissioners are usually retired Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers. Until 1989, the commission was a single member body, but later two additional Election Commissioners were added. Thus, the Election Commission currently consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. The decisions of the commission are taken by a majority vote.Sunil Arorais the current Chief",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3789087",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commissioner of India\"\nto preserve the independence of election commission. Chief Election Commissioner of India can be removed from his office by the Parliament with a two-thirds majority in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha on the grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity. Other Election Commissioners can be removed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner. A Chief Election Commissioner has never been impeached in India. In 2009, just before the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections, Chief Election Commissioner N. Gopalaswami sent a recommendation to President Prathibha Patil to remove Election Commissioner Navin Chawla, who was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8997664",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of India\"\nElection Commission of India The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per \"\"Article 324\"\", and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7335635",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of India\"\nOther Election Commissioners can be removed by the President of India on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner. A Chief Election Commissioner has never been impeached in India. In 2009, just before the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections, Chief Election Commissioner N. Gopalaswami sent a recommendation to President Prathibha Patil to remove Election Commissioner Navin Chawla, who was soon to take office as the chief election commissioner and to subsequently supervise the Lok Sabha Election, citing his partisan behavior in favor of one political party. The President opined that such a recommendation is not binding on the president, and hence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4365856",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan\"\nthe appointment and oath administered by the Chief Justice of Pakistan. Justice Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan is the current Chief Election Commissioner since 6 December 2014. The President of Pakistan appoint the Chief Election Commissioner and four members of Election Commission of Pakistan. The Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly recommends three names for appointment of CEC and for each Member to a parliamentary committee for hearing and confirmation of any one person against each post. The parliamentary committee consisting of 12 members is constituted by the Speaker of National Assembly comprising 50% members from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15792896",
"chunk_text": "\"Liu I-chou\"\nafter the former chairperson, Chang Po-ya, resigned from the position to take the position of the President of Control Yuan. He was then officially appointed as the Chairperson on 29 January 2015. Liu I-chou Liu I-chou () is a politician in the Republic of China. He was the acting Chairperson and subsequently the Chairperson of the Central Election Commission (CEC) of the Republic of China since 1 August 2014 until 3 November 2017. Liu obtained his bachelor's and master's degrees in law from National Chengchi University in 1973 and 1977, respectively. He then obtained his doctoral degree in political science",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18408016",
"chunk_text": "\"Federal Election Commission\"\na six-year term, and two seats are subject to appointment every two years. By law, no more than three Commissioners can be members of the same political party, and at least four votes are required for any official Commission action. The chairmanship of the Commission rotates among the members each year, with no member serving as chairman more than once during a six-year term. However, a member may serve as chairman more than once by serving beyond the six-year mark if no successor is appointed; for example, Ellen Weintraub was chairman in both 2003 and 2013. The Commission's role is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15244713",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh\"\nChief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) () heads the Election Commission of Bangladesh, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections. The appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh and other Election Commissioners (if any) is made by the President. Under the Constitution the term of office of any Election Commissioner is five years from the date on which he enters upon office. A person who has held office as Chief Election Commissioner is not eligible for appointment in the service of the Republic. Any other Election Commissioner is, on ceasing to hold",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4081919",
"chunk_text": "\"Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission\"\npolitical parties process, the settlement of electoral disputes, the registration of candidates for elections, voter education, the facilitation of the observation, monitoring and evaluation of elections,the regulation of money spent by a candidate or party in respect of any election, the development of a code of conduct for candidates and parties, the monitoring of compliance with legislation on nomination of candidates by parties.\"\" The Commission is made up of seven commissioners and a CEO appointed by them and acts as the commission secretary. The commissioners are appointed by the President of Kenya and confirmed by the Kenyan Parliament. Each member",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12650647",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commissioner of Bangladesh\"\nElection Commissioner of Bangladesh The Election Commissioner of Bangladesh (EC) () is a member of Election Commission of Bangladesh, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair national and regional elections. Article 118 of the Bangladeshi Constitution consisting of a Chief Election Commissioner and four other Election Commissioners, appointed by the President. The appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh and other Election Commissioners is made by the President. The Chief Election Commissioner is to act as Chairman of the Election Commission of Bangladesh. Under the Constitution the term of office of any Election Commissioner is five years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4892733",
"chunk_text": "\"Sunil Arora\"\n1 September 2017.. On 26 November 2018, it was announced that Arora was would become the Chief Election Commissioner in December 2018, succeeding Om Prakash Rawat. Sunil Arora Sunil Arora (born 13 April 1956) is the current and 23rd Chief Election Commissioner of India. He is a retired 1980 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Rajasthan cadre. He also served as a secretary to the Government of India in two ministries. Arora's father is a retired accounts officer of the Indian Railways, whereas his mother served in DAV College, Hoshiarpur. Of his two brothers, one is also an IAS",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8997667",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of India\"\nElection Commission is assisted by the Chief Electoral Officer of the State, who is an IAS officer of Principal Secretary rank. At the district and constituency levels, the District Magistrates (in their capacity as District Election Officers), Electoral Registration Officers and Returning Officers perform election work. The Chief Election Commissioner of India can be removed from his office similar to the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court of India which requires a resolution passed by the Parliament with a two-thirds majority in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha on the grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1555701",
"chunk_text": "\"Bangladesh Election Commission\"\nBangladesh Election Commission The Election Commission of Bangladesh (), abbreviated EC, is an independent constitutional body of the nation of Bangladesh that operates the legal functions of Election law in Bangladesh. Article 118 of the Bangladeshi Constitution consisting of a chief election commissioner and such number of other election commissioners, if any, as the president may from time to time direct. The appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh and other election commissioners (if any) is made by the president. When the election commission consists of more than one person, the chief election commissioner is to act as its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8997666",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of India\"\nthen, with the decisions being made by a majority vote. The Chief Election Commissioner and the two Election Commissioners who are usually retired IAS officers draw salaries and allowances as per with those of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India as per the \"\"Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1992\"\". The commission is served by its secretariat located in New Delhi. The Election Commissioners are assisted by Deputy Election Commissioners, who are generally IAS officers. They are further assisted by Directors General, Principal Secretaries, and Secretaries and Under Secretaries. At the state level,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15244714",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh\"\nsuch office, eligible for appointment as Chief Election Commissioner, but is not eligible for appointment in the service of the Republic. In addition to their duties and functions as an election commissioner, the chief election commissioner acts as chairperson of the commission. The following have held the post of the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh. Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) () heads the Election Commission of Bangladesh, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections. The appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner of Bangladesh and other Election Commissioners (if any) is made by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14378605",
"chunk_text": "\"Chen In-chin\"\nChen In-chin Chen In-chin () is a politician of the Republic of China. He was the Chairperson of Central Election Commission since 17 November 2017 until 25 November 2018. Chen obtained his bachelor's and master's degree in law from National Taiwan University in 1986 and 1992 respectively. He then obtained his doctoral degree in law from Heidelberg University in Germany in 1999. Chen was an assistant professor and associate professor of law at Ming Chuan University in 2000-2003 and 2003-2006 respectively. He then became associate professor and professor of law and government at National Central University (NCU) in 2006-2008 and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4441019",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief Election Commissioner of India\"\nhim, the current system was open to \"\"manipulation and partisanship\"\". Similar demand was made by many former CEC's such as B B Tandon, N Gopalaswamy and S Y Quraishi. By the \"\"Election Commission (Condition Of Service Of Election Commissions And Transaction Of Business) Act, 1991\"\", the salary of the chief election commissioner is the same as salary of a Judge of Supreme Court of India. The following have held the post of the Chief Election Commissioner of India. Chief Election Commissioner of India The Chief Election Commissioner heads the Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "151419",
"chunk_text": "\"Sunil Arora\"\nSunil Arora Sunil Arora (born 13 April 1956) is the current and 23rd Chief Election Commissioner of India. He is a retired 1980 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Rajasthan cadre. He also served as a secretary to the Government of India in two ministries. Arora's father is a retired accounts officer of the Indian Railways, whereas his mother served in DAV College, Hoshiarpur. Of his two brothers, one is also an IAS officer, whereas, the other is a diplomat from the Indian Foreign Service. Arora has graduate (BA Honours) and postgraduate (MA) degrees in English from Panjab University",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5573442",
"chunk_text": "\"Union Election Commission\"\nHtin Kyaw on 30 March 2016. The UEC has been criticised for its powers to abolish elections in conflict areas. The UEC's first chairman was Thein Soe, a former major-general, an appointment that was derided by media. On 18 February 2011, Tin Aye, a former lieutenant-general and member of the State Peace and Development Council, was appointed by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, to replace Thein Soe. It has also been criticised by various advocacy groups and the United Nations for its lack of independence and impartiality, in its handling of recent elections. The UN has also noted the UEC's failure to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15792895",
"chunk_text": "\"Liu I-chou\"\nLiu I-chou Liu I-chou () is a politician in the Republic of China. He was the acting Chairperson and subsequently the Chairperson of the Central Election Commission (CEC) of the Republic of China since 1 August 2014 until 3 November 2017. Liu obtained his bachelor's and master's degrees in law from National Chengchi University in 1973 and 1977, respectively. He then obtained his doctoral degree in political science from University of Michigan in the United States in 1990. Liu served as the Vice Chairperson of the CEC from 2009 until 2014, when he became the acting chairperson of the commission",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1145940",
"chunk_text": "\"V. S. Sampath\"\nbe given greater autonomy and more power for its effective functioning. He advocates for a strong law to curb the practice of paid news. He has suggested the Parliament to take up right to reject. Advocating such a move, he said, \"\"Right to reject is an idea inherent to democracy, whose time for execution has come\"\". V. S. Sampath Veeravalli Sundaram Sampath (Telugu: వీరవల్లి సుందరం సంపత్) served as 18th Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of the Election Commission of India from 2012 to 2015 . He succeeded S. Y. Quraishi as the Chief Election Commissioner on 11 June 2012. Born on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8997665",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of India\"\nelection. Being a constitutional authority, Election Commission is amongst the few institutions which function with both autonomy and freedom, along with the country’s higher judiciary, the Union Public Service Commission and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Originally in 1950, the commission had only a Chief Election Commissioner. Two additional Commissioners were appointed to the commission for the first time on 16 October 1989 but they had a very short tenure, ending on 1 January 1990. \"\"The Election Commissioner Amendment Act, 1989\"\" made the commission a multi-member body. The concept of a 3-member Commission has been in operation since",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5128645",
"chunk_text": "\"Electoral Commission of Ghana\"\nElectoral Commission of Ghana The Electoral Commission of Ghana is the official body in Ghana responsible for all public elections. Made up of seven members, its independence is guaranteed by the 1992 Ghana constitution. The current commission was established by the Electoral Commission Act (Act 451) of 1993. Kwadwo Afari-Gyan was the first substantive Chairman of the Commission from 1993-2015. In December 5,2018 the Electoral commission chaired by Jean Adukwei Mensah reverted to the old logo Eagles with coat of arms after the controversy over the new logo The Commission is made up of seven members. The position of Chairman",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9710549",
"chunk_text": "\"John Holmes (British diplomat)\"\nJohn Holmes (British diplomat) Sir John Holmes (born 29 April 1951) is a British former diplomat who is the current Chair of the Electoral Commission. Holmes was born on 29 April 1951 in Preston, in the north of England. He was educated at Preston Grammar School and Balliol College, Oxford. Holmes is a gifted linguist. He studied Greats at Oxford. He was brought up in Penwortham, a middle-class suburb of Preston, where he went to school at Crookings Lane Primary. He was in the same class as Howard Mendel, the Natural History Museum entomologist. Holmes played cricket for Lancashire schoolboys",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4365855",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan\"\nChief Election Commissioner of Pakistan The Chief Election Commissioner is the authority and the appointed chair of the Election Commission of Pakistan— an institution constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and . Before 1973, appointment of the commissioner only restricted to the civil services and appointments came from the President. After the promulgation of much and thoroughly reformed constitution in 1973, the constitutional provisions made mandatory and compulsory that the only appointments would come from the judicature branch's judges who were eligible to become Chief Election Commissioner. The Constitution (or President on different occasions) lays",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3926987",
"chunk_text": "\"Election commission\"\nElection commission An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of election procedures. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission, a central or state election commission, an election board, an electoral council or an electoral court. Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. The election commission has a duty to perform election related activities in an orderly manner. For election related problems, Election",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8997678",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of India\"\nvarious Indian elections. The NCP and CPI(M) were the only two parties that registered for the event but none of them participated. Functioning of EVMs and VVPAT machines were demonstrated to the teams. Election Commission of India The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per \"\"Article 324\"\", and subsequently enacted Representation of the People",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10131867",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Committee\"\nElection Committee The Election Committee is a Hong Kong electoral college, the function of which is to select the Chief Executive (CE). Established by Annex I of the Basic Law of Hong Kong which states that \"\"the Chief Executive shall be elected by a broadly representative Election Committee in accordance with this Law and appointed by the Central People's Government.\"\" It is formed and performs its selection function once every five years, even in the event of a CE not completing their term. It has 1,200 members for the 2017 election. The Election Committee has been criticised for its \"\"small-circle\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3551005",
"chunk_text": "\"V. S. Sampath\"\nV. S. Sampath Veeravalli Sundaram Sampath (Telugu: వీరవల్లి సుందరం సంపత్) served as 18th Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of the Election Commission of India from 2012 to 2015 . He succeeded S. Y. Quraishi as the Chief Election Commissioner on 11 June 2012. Born on January 16, 1950, Sampath retired on January 15, 2015 when he attained 65 years of age. In his early career in the state of Andhra Pradesh in the southern part of India, Shri Sampath was the administrative head (District Collector) of large Indian districts between 1975 and 1986. This stint, apart from giving him a strong",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "765797",
"chunk_text": "\"Om Prakash Rawat\"\nretirement of Achal Kumar Jyoti, Rawat was announced to be the next Chief Election Commissioner on 21 January 2018. Rawat assumed charge as the Chief Election Commissioner of India on 23 January 2018. He retired from the post on 1st December 2018 on attaining 65 years of age. Om Prakash Rawat Om Prakash Rawat (IAST: \"\"Oma Prakāśa Rāvata\"\"; born 2 December 1953) is a retired 1977 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the Madhya Pradesh cadre who served as 22nd Chief Election Commissioner of India. He has also served as one of the twoElection Commissioners of India and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3789088",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commissioner of India\"\nsoon to take office as the Chief Election Commissioner and to subsequently supervise the Lok Sabha Election, citing his partisan behavior in favor of one political party. The President opined that such a recommendation is not binding on the President, and hence rejected it. Subsequently, after Gopalswami's retirement the next month, Chawla became the Chief Election Commissioner and supervised the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections. The Chief Election Commissioner and the two Election Commissioners who are usually retired IAS officers draw salaries and allowances at par with those of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India as per the \"\"Chief",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19311189",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief Election Commissioner of India\"\n(as well as former Leader of the Opposition in Indian Parliament), suggested that appointment of CEC (as well as the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)) should be made by a bipartisan collegium consisting of the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice, the Law Minister and the Leaders of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. Subsequently, M Karunanidhi, the head of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party and five times Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu supported the suggestion. Advani made this demand to remove any impression of bias or lack of transparency and fairness because, according to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8445259",
"chunk_text": "\"John Holmes (British diplomat)\"\n2004 Queen Elizabeth II promoted him to GCVO at the conclusion of her state visit to France to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Entente Cordiale. John Holmes (British diplomat) Sir John Holmes (born 29 April 1951) is a British former diplomat who is the current Chair of the Electoral Commission. Holmes was born on 29 April 1951 in Preston, in the north of England. He was educated at Preston Grammar School and Balliol College, Oxford. Holmes is a gifted linguist. He studied Greats at Oxford. He was brought up in Penwortham, a middle-class suburb of Preston, where he went",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8997669",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of India\"\nrejected it. Subsequently, after Gopalswami's retirement the next month, Chawla became the chief election commissioner and supervised the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections. One of the most important features of the democratic policy is elections at regular intervals. Holding periodic, free and fair elections are essentials of a democratic system and a part of the basic structure of the Constitution. The Election Commission is regarded as the guardian of elections in the country. In every election, it issues a Model code of Conduct for political parties and candidates to conduct elections in a free and fair manner. The commission issued the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7024668",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of Pakistan\"\nhas been restructured and reformed in various occasions of history of the country. Under the Article 213 & 216, the Chief Election Commissioner and four retired judges of the High Courts from respective four province of the country, who are appointed by the President in the manner provided in the clauses (2A) and (2B) of Article 213 of constitution. As of present, Justice (R) Sardar Muhammad Raza is the current Chief Election Commissioner. Election Commission of Pakistan has a 5-member panel, out of which 4 members are from each of the four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) headed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4365857",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan\"\ntreasury benches and 50% from opposition parties out of which one-third shall be from Senate. the Chief Election Commissioner have tenure of 5 years [. The Chief Election Commissioner enjoy the same official status as available to Judges of the Supreme Court of Pakistan The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed by the President of Pakistan or Supreme Court of Pakistan or through an impeachment in National Assembly of Pakistan. Under the Constitution of Pakistan Chief Election Commissioner has the following duties. Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan The Chief Election Commissioner is the authority and the appointed chair of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3789086",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commissioner of India\"\n1950, the commission had only a Chief Election Commissioner. Two additional Commissioners were appointed to the commission for the first time on 16 October 1989 but they had a very short tenure, ending on 1 January 1990. \"\"The Election Commissioner Amendment Act, 1989\"\" made the Commission a multi-member body. The concept of a 3-member Commission has been in operation since then, with the decisions being made by a majority vote.the official website was introduced on 28 February 1998 The Chief Election Commissioner cannot be removed from his post easily on account of any political reasons. This is necessary so as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19311188",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief Election Commissioner of India\"\nmachinery of the Indian political process, it gained significant public attention during the tenure of T.N. Seshan, from 1990 to 1996. Seshan is widely credited with undertaking a zealous effort to end corruption and manipulation in Indian elections. Though he made significant progress, several politicians attempted to derail these efforts. In particular, the expansion of the Election Commission to include the two Election Commissioners (in addition to the Chief Commissioner) was seen as a move to curtail the commissioner's ability to act aggressively. In June 2012, Lal Krishna Advani, a veteran Indian politician and former Deputy Prime Minister of India",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18628565",
"chunk_text": "\"Uttar Pradesh State Election Commission\"\nis headed by the Uttar Pradesh State Election Commissioner, who is in turn assisted by an additional commissioner; three joint commissioners; two officers on special duty, one of whom also acts the head of department (HoD); a secretary; and two deputy election commissioners. The Uttar Pradesh State Election Commissioner acts as the head of the state election commission. Usually a retired officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the commissioner is appointed by the governor of Uttar Pradesh on the chief minister's aid and advise and has the same immunity as a high court judge and therefore, can only be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "9699173",
"chunk_text": "\"Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)\"\n1 October 2010, four additional Commissioners serve on a part-time basis who are nominated by the leaders of political parties, scrutinised by the Speaker's Committee on the Electoral Commission and approved by the House of Commons by means of an Address to the Queen requesting their appointment. Those nominated by the three largest parties serve terms of four years, while the Commissioner nominated by a smaller party serves for a two-year term. The appointments of nominated Commissioners are renewable once.[9] These current Commissioners are:[10] • John Horam (Conservative) • David Howarth (Liberal Democrat) • Bridget Prentice (Labour) • Alasdair Morgan",
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"page_id": 41
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"chunk_text": "\"Australian Electoral Commission\"\noperates under the \"\"Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918\"\". It consists of a chairman (a Judge or a retired Judge of the Federal Court), the Electoral Commissioner and a non-judicial member (usually the Australian Statistician). The Electoral Commissioner has the powers of a Secretary of a Department under the \"\"Public Service Act 1999\"\" and the \"\"Financial Management and Accountability Act 1998\"\". The Chairperson and the third, non-judicial member both hold their offices on a part-time basis. Each House of Representatives electorate has a Divisional Returning Officer responsible for administration of elections within the division. Each State also has an Australian Electoral Officer",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19035558",
"chunk_text": "\"Arvind Saxena\"\nArvind Saxena Arvind Saxena (born 8 August 1955) is an Indian civil servant and is the current chairman of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). A 1978-batch officer, he served in the Indian Postal Service for 13 years, before joining the Research and Analysis Wing in 1988, and the UPSC in 2015. Saxena earned his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi, before pursuing the master's degree in systems management from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. He joined the Indian Postal Service in 1978 and worked as Divisional Head of Postal Services at Bharatpur and",
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"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_id": "18628562",
"chunk_text": "\"Uttar Pradesh State Election Commission\"\nUttar Pradesh State Election Commission The State Election Commission Uttar Pradesh (SEC UP; IAST: ), commonly known as the Uttar Pradesh State Election Commission, is an independent constitutional body responsible for conducting elections for urban and rural local bodies—the constitutionally mandated third-tier of government in India—in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (UP). The commission is headed by the Uttar Pradesh State Election Commissioner, at present, Manoj Kumar. The commission was constituted by the Government of Uttar Pradesh in April 1994, after the passing of 73 and 74 amendments of the Constitution of India, which mandated for a permanent indissoluble",
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"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "5387963",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of Malaysia\"\nElection Commission of Malaysia Election Commission of Malaysia (), abbreviated SPR or EC, is a commission set up by virtue of Article 114 of the Federal Constitution for the purpose of ensuring fair and equitable operations in undertaking parliamentary and state elections in Malaysia. EC was formed on 4 September 1957, under Article 114 of the Constitution of Malaysia, which empowers it to conduct elections for the Dewan Rakyat and state legislative assemblies. At its establishment, EC only consisted of a chairman and two members – Dr Mustafa Albakri Hassan together with Lee Ewe Boon and Ditt Singh. After the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Election commission\"\nCommission is responsible. In the independent model the election commission is independent of the executive and manages its own budget. Countries with an independent election commission include Australia, Canada, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand and the United Kingdom. In some of these countries the independence of the election commission is constitutionally guaranteed e.g. section 190 of the Constitution of South Africa. In the branch model the election commission is often called an electoral branch, and is usually a constitutionally-recognized separate branch of government, with its members appointed by either the executive or the",
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"page_id": 46
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"chunk_id": "7476385",
"chunk_text": "\"Commission on Elections (Philippines)\"\nappointment; holders of a college degree, with a majority of them, including the Chairman, members of the Philippine Bar who have been engaged in the practice of law for at least ten years; and must not have been a candidate for any elective position in the immediate preceding elections. The Chairman and the Commissioners are appointed by the President, with the consent of the Commission on Appointments and hold office for seven years, without reappointment. The Chairman acts as the Presiding Officer and Chief Executive Officer of the Commission. Assisting the Commission are an executive director and deputies, 17 Regional",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1555703",
"chunk_text": "\"Bangladesh Election Commission\"\nand renamed in 1972 to its present form. Powers of Election Commission (Article 118(4) and 126 of the constitution, read with Article 4 of the Representation of the People Order, 1972): The Election Commission is an independent constitutional body in the exercise of its functions and subject only to the Constitution and any other law. The Commission may authorize its chairman or any of its members or any of its officers to exercise and perform all or any of its powers and functions under the law. Article 126 of the constitution and Articles 4 and 5 of the Representation of",
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"page_id": 48
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17905185",
"chunk_text": "\"Election Commission of Pakistan\"\nElection Commission of Pakistan The Election Commission of Pakistan (), is an independent, autonomous, permanent and constitutionally established federal body responsible for organizing and conducting of elections to state parliament, provincial legislatures, local governments, elections to the office of President of Pakistan, delimitation of constituencies and preparation of Electoral Rolls. As per the principles enlightened by the Constitution of Pakistan, the Commission makes such arrangements as are necessary to ensure that the election is conducted honestly, justly, fairly and in accordance with law, and that corrupt practices are guarded against The Election Commission was formed on 23 March 1956 and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_926
|
who played mrs warboys in one foot in the grave?
|
n/a
|
[
"Doreen Mantle"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11583832",
"chunk_text": "\"Doreen Mantle\"\nin \"\"Yentl\"\". In 2011, Mantle appeared in \"\"Coronation Street\"\" as the mother of Colin Fishwick whose identity was taken by John Stape. Doreen Mantle Doreen Mantle (born 1926) is a South African-born English actress who is probably best known for her role as Jean Warboys in \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" (1990–2000). She has appeared in many British television series from the 1960s to the present, such as \"\"The Duchess of Duke Street\"\", \"\"The Wild House\"\", \"\"Sam Saturday\"\", \"\"Chalk\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Doctors\"\", \"\"Holby City\"\" and \"\"Jonathan Creek\"\". She played lollipop lady Queenie in \"\"Jam & Jerusalem\"\" (2006–09). She appeared",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12762590",
"chunk_text": "\"Doreen Mantle\"\nDoreen Mantle Doreen Mantle (born 1926) is a South African-born English actress who is probably best known for her role as Jean Warboys in \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" (1990–2000). She has appeared in many British television series from the 1960s to the present, such as \"\"The Duchess of Duke Street\"\", \"\"The Wild House\"\", \"\"Sam Saturday\"\", \"\"Chalk\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Doctors\"\", \"\"Holby City\"\" and \"\"Jonathan Creek\"\". She played lollipop lady Queenie in \"\"Jam & Jerusalem\"\" (2006–09). She appeared in episode 63 of Father Brown in January 2018. Mantle has worked extensively on the stage in such productions as \"\"My Fair",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7841666",
"chunk_text": "\"Annette Crosbie\"\nAnnette Crosbie Annette Crosbie, (born 12 February 1934) is a Scottish actress. She is known for her role as Margaret Meldrew in the BBC sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" (1990–2000). She twice won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress, for \"\"The Six Wives of Henry VIII\"\" in 1971 and \"\"Edward the Seventh\"\" in 1976, and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1976 film \"\"The Slipper and the Rose\"\". Her other film appearances include \"\"The Pope Must Die\"\" (1991), \"\"Shooting Fish\"\" (1997), \"\"Calendar Girls\"\" (2003) and \"\"Into the Woods\"\" (2014).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7841672",
"chunk_text": "\"Annette Crosbie\"\nLeague Against Cruel Sports. Annette Crosbie Annette Crosbie, (born 12 February 1934) is a Scottish actress. She is known for her role as Margaret Meldrew in the BBC sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" (1990–2000). She twice won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress, for \"\"The Six Wives of Henry VIII\"\" in 1971 and \"\"Edward the Seventh\"\" in 1976, and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1976 film \"\"The Slipper and the Rose\"\". Her other film appearances include \"\"The Pope Must Die\"\" (1991), \"\"Shooting Fish\"\" (1997), \"\"Calendar Girls\"\" (2003) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12662820",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nOne Foot in the Grave One Foot in the Grave is a British television sitcom written by David Renwick. There were six series and seven Christmas specials over an eleven-year period, from early 1990 to late 2000. The first five series were broadcast between January 1990 and January 1995. For the next five years, the show appeared only as Christmas specials, followed by one final series in 2000. The series features the exploits of Victor Meldrew, played by Richard Wilson, and his long-suffering wife, Margaret, played by Annette Crosbie. Wilson initially turned down the part of Meldrew and David Renwick",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12097511",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nDaniels, Edward de Souza, Hannah Gordon, Georgina Hale, Jimmy Jewel, Rula Lenska, Stephen Lewis, Brian Murphy, Christopher Ryan, Barbara Windsor, Joan Sims and Ray Winstone. Two of Angus Deayton's former \"\"Radio Active\"\" and \"\"KYTV\"\" co-stars, Geoffrey Perkins and Michael Fenton Stevens were cast, in separate episodes, as respectively the brother and brother-in-law of Deayton's character. A few actors little-known at the time also appeared in one-off roles before going on to greater fame, including Lucy Davis, Joanna Scanlan, Eamonn Walker and Arabella Weir. The show was produced with an aspect ratio of from 1990 to 1997. Three years later, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12860795",
"chunk_text": "\"Hannah Gordon\"\nHannah Gordon Hannah Campbell Grant Gordon (born 9 April 1941) is a British actress who is well known in the United Kingdom for her television work, including \"\"My Wife Next Door\"\" (1972), \"\"Upstairs, Downstairs\"\" (1974–75), \"\"Telford's Change\"\" (1979), \"\"Joint Account\"\" (1989–90) and an appearance in the final episode of \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\". She is also known for her appearance as Ann Treves in David Lynch's 1980 film \"\"The Elephant Man\"\". She is sometimes known as Hannah Warwick. Gordon was born in Edinburgh, the daughter of Hannah (née Grant) and William Munro Gordon. She studied drama at the Royal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7971124",
"chunk_text": "\"Janine Duvitski\"\nJanine Duvitski Janine Duvitski (born Christine Janine Drzewicki; 28 June 1952) is an English actress, known for her roles as Jane Edwards in \"\"Waiting for God\"\", Pippa Trench in \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" and Jacqueline Stewart in \"\"Benidorm\"\". Duvitski first came to national attention in the play \"\"Abigail's Party\"\", written and directed in 1977 by Mike Leigh. Duvitski was born in Lancaster, Lancashire. Her father was Polish. She trained at the East 15 Acting School in London. She has four children, Jack, Albert, Ruby, and Edith Bentall, with her actor husband Paul Bentall. Her youngest daughter Edith is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5856768",
"chunk_text": "\"Janine Duvitski\"\nSunderland Empire Theatre pantomime \"\"Jack and the Beanstalk\"\". Janine Duvitski Janine Duvitski (born Christine Janine Drzewicki; 28 June 1952) is an English actress, known for her roles as Jane Edwards in \"\"Waiting for God\"\", Pippa Trench in \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" and Jacqueline Stewart in \"\"Benidorm\"\". Duvitski first came to national attention in the play \"\"Abigail's Party\"\", written and directed in 1977 by Mike Leigh. Duvitski was born in Lancaster, Lancashire. Her father was Polish. She trained at the East 15 Acting School in London. She has four children, Jack, Albert, Ruby, and Edith Bentall, with her actor husband",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7841669",
"chunk_text": "\"Annette Crosbie\"\nnext major role was as Margaret Meldrew, the long-suffering wife of Victor Meldrew (Richard Wilson) in the BBC sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" (1990–2000) for which she is best known. She also played Janet, the housekeeper to \"\"Dr. Finlay\"\", in the 1993 revival of A. J. Cronin's popular stories. She also had a poignant role in the thriller \"\"The Debt Collector\"\" (1999). Crosbie's other roles include playing the monkey-lover Ingrid Strange in an episode of \"\"Jonathan Creek\"\" (1997), Edith Sparshott in \"\"An Unsuitable Job for a Woman\"\" (1997-2001), and Jessie in the film \"\"Calendar Girls\"\" (2003). In 2004, Crosbie",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4953847",
"chunk_text": "\"Owen Brenman\"\nOwen Brenman Owen Brenman (born 17 December 1956 in London) is an English actor best known for his role as next-door neighbour Nick Swainey in the multi-award-winning BBC sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\", which ran for ten years (1990–2000) and was written by David Renwick. He subsequently played Dr. Heston Carter in the BBC drama series \"\"Doctors\"\" from 2008 to 2018. Brenman was educated at University College School, an independent day school for boys in Hampstead in north west London, followed by the University of Birmingham, where he obtained a BA Honours in Drama, and the Webber Douglas School",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12097482",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nwell, out of the window of the house in which they were trapped during a snowstorm. Margaret Meldrew (née Pellow) (Annette Crosbie) – Victor's long-suffering, tolerant and kind-hearted wife. Margaret tries to maintain a degree of calmness and to rise above her husband's antics. However, she is often engulfed in these follies, mishaps and confusion and often vents her anger at Victor. In early episodes, her character acts more as a comic foil to Victor's misfortunes. Examples include fearfully asking if a cat found frozen in their freezer is definitely dead and mentioning a friend who died of a terminal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9348494",
"chunk_text": "\"Owen Brenman\"\n2016 British Soap Awards. Owen Brenman Owen Brenman (born 17 December 1956 in London) is an English actor best known for his role as next-door neighbour Nick Swainey in the multi-award-winning BBC sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\", which ran for ten years (1990–2000) and was written by David Renwick. He subsequently played Dr. Heston Carter in the BBC drama series \"\"Doctors\"\" from 2008 to 2018. Brenman was educated at University College School, an independent day school for boys in Hampstead in north west London, followed by the University of Birmingham, where he obtained a BA Honours in Drama, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "394853",
"chunk_text": "\"Things Aren't Simple Any More\"\nThings Aren't Simple Any More \"\"Things Aren't Simple Any More\"\" is the final episode of the British television sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\". It was written by David Renwick and stars Richard Wilson as Victor Meldrew, Annette Crosbie as his wife Margaret, and features guest appearances by Hannah Gordon and Paul Merton. The episode depicts the death of the series' protagonist, Victor Meldrew, in a hit-and-run road accident, and his wife's efforts to deal with the driver who killed him. Renwick had been struggling to conceive and write new stories for the series and decided to kill off the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12097496",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nemigrated by the penultimate episode which caused Nick Swainey to leap straight in with the offer for their old house. Series six saw the Trenches return as prominent characters, albeit living in a house some distance from the Meldrews. Despite appearing in five out of six series and three Christmas specials, neither of the Trenches ever share a scene with Mrs Warboys, and Pippa only ever shares one scene with Nick Swainey (in the episode \"\"Who Will Buy?\"\"). Nick Swainey (Owen Brenman) – The excessively cheerful and often oblivious Mr Swainey appeared in the first episode, encouraging Victor to join",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12097488",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nMantle) – Mrs Warboys is a friend of Margaret (and a rather annoying one in Victor's eyes) who attached herself to the Meldrews, accompanying them on many of their exploits. In the early series she was married to (never seen) Chris, but eventually he left her for the private detective she had hired when she suspected him of having an affair, and they divorced. She often bears the brunt of Victor's temper due to muddled misunderstandings and in part due to her aloof nature. One such occasion saw Victor asking her to pick up a suit of his from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "394883",
"chunk_text": "\"Things Aren't Simple Any More\"\nthe event was orchestrated by the tabloid press. Things Aren't Simple Any More \"\"Things Aren't Simple Any More\"\" is the final episode of the British television sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\". It was written by David Renwick and stars Richard Wilson as Victor Meldrew, Annette Crosbie as his wife Margaret, and features guest appearances by Hannah Gordon and Paul Merton. The episode depicts the death of the series' protagonist, Victor Meldrew, in a hit-and-run road accident, and his wife's efforts to deal with the driver who killed him. Renwick had been struggling to conceive and write new stories for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
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"chunk_id": "12097487",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nresulted in everyone laughing at her. She then realized that the teacher had done it deliberately just to be cruel to her and knew why the other budgie never wanted to leave its cage. Margaret could be said to have a catchphrase - typically a long, exasperated use of the word \"\"God\"\", usually when making a realisation about the reasons behind one of Victor's mishaps. These are occasionally inadvertently aided by herself in some way, such as leaving the phone off the hook or giving permission to someone to enter the Meldrews' house when she isn't there. Jean Warboys (Doreen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12097483",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nillness. When Victor reminds her that the woman actually fell from a cliff, Margaret retorts she only did so because \"\"she went to the seaside to convalesce\"\". In later episodes, Margaret develops into a more complex character. She is shown to be fiercely protective of her marriage to Victor by becoming easily suspicious and jealous. For example, of a Dutch marionette that Victor becomes occupied with repairing in the episode \"\"Hole in the Sky\"\", eventually leading her to destroy it. In \"\"The Affair of the Hollow Lady\"\", a greengrocer (played by Barbara Windsor) develops a soft spot for Victor and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12662823",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nearly retiree Victor Meldrew, who after being made redundant from his job as a security guard, finds himself at war with the world and everything in it. Meldrew, cursed with misfortune and always complaining, is married to long-suffering wife Margaret, who is often left exasperated by his many misfortunes. Amongst other witnesses to Victor's wrath are tactless family friend Jean Warboys, and next-door couple Patrick (Victor's nemesis) and Pippa Trench. Patrick often discovers Victor in inexplicably bizarre or compromising situations, leading him to believe that he is insane. The Meldrews' neighbour on the other side, overly cheery charity worker Nick",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12097489",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\ndry-cleaners, only for her to return with a gorilla costume. Another occasion saw her persuading Victor to take on a dog whose owner had just died. Victor spent time building a kennel in the garden and when Mrs Warboys arrives with the dog, she forgets to mention that the dog is stuffed - much to Victor and Margaret's consternation. On another occasion she won a competition where the prize was either to earn £500 or to have a life-size waxwork model made of herself, which had to be delivered to the Meldrews' house; she chose the waxwork. As it turned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12097510",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nMost outside locations were filmed in and around Bournemouth and Christchurch. These include Richmond Hill, Undercliff Drive and Boscombe Pier, Bournemouth Town Hall, Lansdowne College, Christchurch Hospital and the former Royal Victoria Hospital (Boscombe). Later episodes, such as \"\"Hearts of Darkness\"\", were filmed entirely on location. Victor's death by a hit and run driver in the final episode was filmed at Shawford railway station, Hampshire. Fans left floral tributes at the site. Over the show's history, it featured a number of notable comic actors in one-off roles. These included Susie Blake, John Bird, Tim Brooke-Taylor, Peter Cook, Diana Coupland, Phil",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12097491",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nrunning joke is her beating Victor at board-games, including Trivial Pursuit and chess, while having a conversation with someone else. Doreen Mantle described her character as \"\"wanting to do the right thing but always finding out that it was the wrong thing\"\". Patrick Trench (Angus Deayton) – Patrick and his wife Pippa live next door to Victor, and often catches Victor engrossed in seemingly preposterous situations, all of which in context are perfectly innocuous. The couple's relationship with their neighbours begins badly after Victor mistakes Patrick and Pippa for distant relations when they arrive outside with three suitcasesnot realising that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12704003",
"chunk_text": "\"Keturah Sorrell\"\nas a resident of the Bayview retirement home. She also appeared in \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"EastEnders\"\", \"\"Drop the Dead Donkey\"\", \"\"A Bit of Fry & Laurie\"\", the second episode (\"\"The Big Sleep\"\") of \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" in 1990 as well as in Victoria Wood's television film \"\"Pat and Margaret\"\" in 1994. Sorrell's husband, Eric Sadler, whom she married in 1939, was a journalist; he died in 1999. Sorrell died in 2012, aged 99. She was survived by her son, Paul K. Sadler (born 1947). Keturah Sorrell Keturah Sorrell (10 September 1912 – 30 March 2012) was a British opera",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12097504",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\ntrying to remove a kidney stone with a wire coat hanger. Mimsy Berkovitz - Another unseen character, she is the local agony aunt, whom many of the characters turn to for advice. In the episode \"\"The Secret of the Seven Sorcerers\"\", Patrick is heard talking to her on the radio, seeking her advice on how to cope when Victor and Margaret invite him and Pippa around to dinner. Mrs Birkett (Gabrielle Blunt) An elderly neighbour. She accidentally gets trapped in the Meldrews' loft when Victor closes the trap door whilst she is up there looking for jumble that Margaret has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19987733",
"chunk_text": "\"Annette Kerr\"\nfollowing their first meeting in 1949. At one point, Williams proposed to her. Her television appearances included roles in series such as the pilot episode - \"\"Identified\"\" - of Anderson's live-action series \"\"UFO\"\" (1970), \"\"2point4 Children\"\" (1991-9, as Dora Grimes) and \"\"London's Burning\"\" (1992). Her last credited TV work was \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" (1995, as Ruth). This marked her second appearance in the series, following a minor part as \"\"Lady in Teashop\"\" (1992). She died at the actors' retirement home Denville Hall, where she had been resident, in London on 23 September 2013, aged 93. Annette Kerr Annette",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1910773",
"chunk_text": "Gorebridge\nAndrews RC Primary and Gore Glen Primary. Greenhall High school used to serve the town but closed down in 1994. Local children now attend nearby Newbattle Community High School, Lasswade High School or St David's RC High School. Gorebridge's local football team is juniors Arniston Rangers who play home games at Newbyres Park. Annette Crosbie, known to many as the long suffering wife of Victor Meldrew, played by fellow Scot Richard Wilson in the BBC comedy series \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\", is a former resident of Gorebridge. The Reverend David Arnott, Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14353115",
"chunk_text": "\"Victor Meldrew\"\nVictor Meldrew Victor Meldrew is a fictional character in the BBC One sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\", created by David Renwick and portrayed by Richard Wilson. The character epitomised the archetypal grumpy old man. Meldrew is a foil for the bothersome aspects of children, cars, animals, power cuts and next-door neighbours (his particular example being Patrick Trench, played by Angus Deayton). Meldrew is seen as misanthropic by the many victims of his wrath and misfortune, but he is also depicted as an honest, likeable and sympathetic character who is admired for having the guts to stand up and say",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12097502",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nMeldrews, as Victor is seen looking at some photographs Alfred had sent over in \"\"The Trial\"\". Cousin Wilfred (John Rutland) – Mrs. Warboys' cousin, Wilfred, appeared twice in the series, and was considered to be a fairly boring middle-aged man. In the final series the character returned, but the effects of a stroke rendered him mute, and forced him to \"\"speak\"\" with the aid of an electronic voice generator. His poor typing on the generator led to several misunderstandings, such as asking Victor for a \"\"bra of soup\"\" (as opposed to a \"\"bar of soap\"\") and describing a visit to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2015414",
"chunk_text": "\"The Judas Tree (Jonathan Creek)\"\nJonathan Creek, Sheridan Smith as his crime-solving partner Joey Ross and Stuart Milligan as his boss, magician Adam Klaus. Doreen Mantle guest-stars as Mrs Gantry, in a role created specially for her by Renwick, with whom she worked on his BBC comedy series \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\". Paul McGann plays Hugo Dore, and Sasha Behar appears as his wife Harriet. Behar had auditioned for and been offered a role in the series before, but ultimately turned it down in favour of playing Maya Sharma in the ITV soap opera \"\"Coronation Street\"\". In 2009, the BBC came under criticism for",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "12097495",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nof their entire furniture and sold it for a mere four hundred and seventy five pounds. Pippa is slightly dim-witted (once described by Victor as a \"\"gormless twerp\"\" on an answering machine message, unaware she was listening)for example, believing Victor had murdered an elderly blind man simply because the victim had been found clutching a double-one domino in his hand, and Victor had two pimples on his nose. New neighbours Derek and Betty McVitie replaced the Trenches for the 1997 special \"\"Endgame\"\", however this turned out to be their only appearances in the series and they were said to have",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "12097498",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\ndemeanour, he does occasionally drop his guard, once displaying apparent depression at being nothing more than \"\"an overgrown boy-scout\"\". Following his mother's death, he moved house near the end of the series, but only went as far as the Trenches'/McVitie's old house, claiming he'd always wanted to live in an \"\"end house, without leaving the area\"\". This took Victor by surprise; he did not learn where Mr Swainey was moving to until, while reminiscing in the garden about his departure, Mr Swainey suddenly appeared from the other side. Ronnie and Mildred (Gordon Peters and Barbara Ashcroft) – Ronnie and Mildred",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "16450527",
"chunk_text": "\"Susie Blake\"\ngreat-niece of actor Sir John Mills. Actresses Hayley and Juliet Mills are Blake's first cousins once-removed. Blake has appeared in television programmes starring Victoria Wood and has extensive radio credits. She appeared in the first episode of the sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" in which her character was responsible for firing Victor Meldrew, and thus set the events of the show into motion. She appeared as Bev Unwin in the ITV soap opera \"\"Coronation Street\"\" until her departure in December 2006. Blake played the character of Madame Morrible in the West End production of \"\"Wicked\"\". She began her run",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "12860798",
"chunk_text": "\"Hannah Gordon\"\n(1982), \"\"Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense\"\" (1984), \"\"My Family and Other Animals\"\" (1987), \"\"Taggart\"\" (1993) and \"\"Jonathan Creek\"\" (1998). In 2000, Gordon played Glynis, the woman who kills Victor Meldrew in \"\"Things Aren't Simple Any More\"\", the final episode of the sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\". Since 2000, she has made guest appearances in \"\"Midsomer Murders\"\" (2000), \"\"Monarch of the Glen\"\" (2002) and \"\"Heartbeat\"\" (2004) in which she played Mrs Barton in episode 5 of series 14, \"\"Hunter's Moon.\"\" From 1998 to 2001 she hosted the Channel 4 programme \"\"Watercolour Challenge\"\". She also more recently appeared in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4048284",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nend of 2006. A slimmer series 1-6 box set was released in 2010 in Region 2. One Foot in the Grave One Foot in the Grave is a British television sitcom written by David Renwick. There were six series and seven Christmas specials over an eleven-year period, from early 1990 to late 2000. The first five series were broadcast between January 1990 and January 1995. For the next five years, the show appeared only as Christmas specials, followed by one final series in 2000. The series features the exploits of Victor Meldrew, played by Richard Wilson, and his long-suffering wife,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12097476",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nhad a son who had died as a child. A number of episodes were also experimental in that they took place entirely in one setting. Such episodes include: Victor, Margaret and Mrs Warboys stuck in a traffic jam; Victor and Margaret in bed suffering insomnia; Victor left alone in the house waiting to see if he has to take part in jury service; Victor and Margaret having a long wait in their solicitor's waiting room; and Victor and Margaret trying to cope during a power cut on the hottest night of the year. Despite Margaret's frequent exasperation with her husband's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6203717",
"chunk_text": "\"Edward de Souza\"\nDyall, he was \"\"The Man in Black\"\" on BBC Radio 4 between 1988 and 1992. De Souza played the role of Afonso in \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" \"\"One Foot in the Algarve\"\" (1993). He joined the British soap opera \"\"Coronation Street\"\" as Colin Grimshaw, where he made his first appearance on 12 December 2008. His character died in May 2009. Edward de Souza Edward James de Souza (born 4 September 1932) is a British character actor and graduate of RADA, who is of Portuguese Indian and English descent. De Souza was the only child of Annie Adeline Swift (née",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12097507",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\nGrave\"\" were produced and directed by Susan Belbin, the exceptions being \"\"Love and Death\"\", which was partly directed by veteran sitcom director Sydney Lotterby, and \"\"Starbound\"\", for which Gareth Gwenlan (who in fact had originally commissioned the series in 1989) stepped in to direct some sequences after Belbin was taken ill. Afterward, Belbin retired owing to ill-health, and the final series was produced by Jonathan P. Llewellyn and directed by Christine Gernon. Wilson and Renwick felt that Gernon's experience of working with Belbin on earlier series of \"\"One Foot\"\" as a production secretary and assistant, as well as other shows,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12097514",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in the Grave\"\n\"\"River Runs Deep\"\" performed by J. J. Cale. The final episode ended with a montage of some of the mishaps Victor encountered, which were mentioned in the episode – backed by \"\"End of the Line\"\" by the Traveling Wilburys. The programme received a number of prestigious awards. In 1992, it won a BAFTA as Best Comedy (Programme or Series). During its ten-year run, the series was nominated a further six times. Richard Wilson also won Best Light Entertainment Performance in 1992 and 1994, and Annette Crosbie was nominated for the same award in 1994. The series also won the Best",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9049984",
"chunk_text": "\"Gillian Barge\"\nin \"\"Passion Play\"\" at the Donmar Warehouse. In addition to her theatre work, Gillian Barge has numerous television appearances to her credit. These include guest appearances on episodes of \"\"Pie in the Sky\"\" (1996), \"\"Lovejoy\"\" (1994), \"\"Midsomer Murders\"\" (2002), \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\"(1990), \"\"All Creatures Great and Small\"\" (1980), \"\"Van der Valk\"\" (1977) and \"\"Softly, Softly\"\" (1972). Her film credits include \"\"The National Health\"\" (1973). Her second husband was the actor Clive Merrison. She died in 2003 of cancer, aged 63. Film credits include: Television credits include: Gillian Barge Gillian Barge, born Gillian Bargh, (27 May 1940 – 19",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3668577",
"chunk_text": "\"Maggie Ollerenshaw\"\nroad accident outside the Eliott's fashion house. She featured as Martha in the Andrew Davies adaptation of Trollope's classic \"\"He Knew He Was Right\"\". Her many other television credits include roles in \"\"Lovejoy\"\", \"\"Coronation Street\"\", \"\"Heartbeat\"\", \"\"Holby City\"\", \"\"One Foot In The Grave\"\", \"\"Seaview\"\", \"\"Teachers\"\", \"\"Victoria Wood - As Seen On TV\"\", \"\"The Hunt For The Yorkshire Ripper\"\", \"\"Midsomer Murders\"\" and \"\"Wire In The Blood\"\". Her film credits include \"\"Britannia Hospital\"\", \"\"A Private Function\"\", \"\"Pierrepoint\"\" and Steven Spielberg's \"\"War Horse\"\". Her one-woman show \"\"Yours Sincerely\"\", a musical play about Dame Vera Lynn has played in the UK and abroad. She",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14352957",
"chunk_text": "\"David Renwick\"\nDavid Renwick David Peter Renwick (born 4 September 1951) is an English television writer, best known for creation of the sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" and the mystery series \"\"Jonathan Creek\"\". He was awarded the Writers Guild Ronnie Barker Award at the 2008 British Comedy Awards. Renwick was educated at Luton Grammar School, including its Sixth Form, a former state grammar school in the large town of Luton in Bedfordshire. The School became known as Luton Sixth Form College while he was still a pupil. Before becoming a comedy writer he worked as a journalist on his home town",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11445835",
"chunk_text": "\"Richard Wilson (Scottish actor)\"\nRichard Wilson (Scottish actor) Richard Wilson (born Iain Carmichael Wilson; 9 July 1936) is a Scottish actor, theatre director and broadcaster. He played Victor Meldrew in the BBC sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\". A later role was Gaius, the court physician of Camelot, in the BBC drama \"\"Merlin\"\". Wilson was born in Greenock, Scotland. He went to the Lady Alice Primary school in Greenock. He studied science subjects at Greenock Academy, then did his National Service with the Royal Army Medical Corps, serving in Singapore. He worked in a laboratory at Stobhill Hospital in Glasgow as a research assistant",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17154251",
"chunk_text": "\"Jan Ravens\"\ngrin) and Fiona Bruce (with barely concealed filthy invitations) of BBC News, Anne Robinson of \"\"The Weakest Link\"\", Lesley Garrett (often referring to her generous cleavage), Hillary Clinton, Theresa May and the Geordie-accented Ruth Archer from the BBC Radio 4 series \"\"The Archers\"\". Ravens appeared in a series-three episode, (\"\"Monday Morning will be Fine\"\"), of David Renwick's series \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" as Pat Aylesbury, one of the neighbours to whom Meldrew turns after being burgled. From 1996 till 2001 she played Janet Grimley, the mother in \"\"The Grimleys\"\", a nostalgic sitcom set in '70s Dudley. In autumn 2006,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4584657",
"chunk_text": "\"One Foot in Heaven\"\nOne Foot in Heaven One Foot in Heaven is a 1941 American biographical film starring Fredric March, Martha Scott, Beulah Bondi, Gene Lockhart and Elisabeth Fraser. The film was adapted by Casey Robinson from the autobiography by Hartzell Spence. It was directed by Irving Rapper. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. In Stratford, Ontario in 1904, William Spence (Fredric March), a medical student on the verge of becoming a doctor, receives \"\"The Call\"\" while passing a Methodist church one Sunday. His bride-to-be, Hope Morris (Martha Scott), accepts his decision to enter the ministry with a whole",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12860801",
"chunk_text": "\"Hannah Gordon\"\nadverts and was present at many store openings. In 1983/84 W. Kordes and Son, Germany, bred a tall, slender shrub rose, which they named 'Hannah Gordon'. It is a cross of an unnamed seedling x ‘Bordure Rose’ (Floribunda, Delbard, 1974). Hannah Gordon Hannah Campbell Grant Gordon (born 9 April 1941) is a British actress who is well known in the United Kingdom for her television work, including \"\"My Wife Next Door\"\" (1972), \"\"Upstairs, Downstairs\"\" (1974–75), \"\"Telford's Change\"\" (1979), \"\"Joint Account\"\" (1989–90) and an appearance in the final episode of \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\". She is also known for her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18787229",
"chunk_text": "\"Kerry Fox\"\nKerry Fox Kerry Lauren Fox (born 30 July 1966) is a New Zealand actress. She came to prominence playing author Janet Frame in the movie \"\"An Angel at My Table\"\" directed by Jane Campion, which gained her a Best Actress Award from the New Zealand Film and Television Awards. Kerry Fox was born in Wellington. She has had an international career, working in independent films and on television. She received praise and a nomination for the Australian Film Institute Awards for her leading role in \"\"Country Life\"\", starred in Danny Boyle's breakout British hit \"\"Shallow Grave\"\" with Ewan McGregor, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2959771",
"chunk_text": "\"Prisoner (TV series)\"\nGraham), Linda Hartley (Roach Waters), Ian Smith (Ted Douglas) and Maggie Millar (Marie Winter). In 1997 a \"\"Prisoner\"\" clip from its second episode (Franky Doyle and Lynn Warner's fight in the garden) appeared on the BBC sitcom \"\"Birds of a Feather\"\", and the series was mentioned several times during \"\"Birds of a Feather\"\" seven-and-a-half-year run. The theme song was played briefly in episode three of BBC sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\". \"\"Prisoner\"\" has also been referenced in British sitcoms \"\"2point4 Children\"\", \"\"Absolutely Fabulous\"\" and \"\"Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps\"\", as well as the soap operas",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14059642",
"chunk_text": "\"Anne Downie\"\nAnne Downie Anne Downie (born 1939) is a Scottish actress and writer. She was born in Glasgow of Scottish/Irish parentage. She has written and performed across a wide variety of media. Upon leaving drama college, her first professional stage role was playing opposite Andrew Keir in \"\"The Bigot\"\". She has worked in many of the major Scottish theatres. Highlights from her theatre career include: \"\"Six Black Candles\"\" (Royal Lyceum, garnering the Critics Award for Best Ensemble), \"\"Tally's Blood\"\" (Traverse), \"\"Just Frank\"\" (Traverse), \"\"Can't Pay Won't Pay!\"\" (TAG), \"\"Marching On\"\" (), and roles in pantomime with comedy legends Stanley Baxter and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "897837",
"chunk_text": "\"Nula Conwell\"\nNula Conwell Nula Conwell (born 24 May 1959) is an English character actress. She appeared as Nurse Kathleen in David Lynch's 1980 Oscar nominated film \"\"The Elephant Man\"\", and is well known for playing W.P.C/W.D.C. Viv Martella in the long-running crime UK series \"\"The Bill\"\" from 1984 to 1993, until her character was killed off. She had roles in \"\"Telford's Change\"\" and \"\"Bloody Kids\"\", and also played the barmaid Maureen in the acclaimed and award-winning British comedy series \"\"Only Fools and Horses\"\" which starred David Jason. She was asked to appear in the 1985 Christmas special \"\"To Hull and Back\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_927
|
where was the diary of a wimpy kid filmed?
|
n/a
|
[
"Vancouver",
"Richmond, BC",
"Coquitlam, BC"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "10468109",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\"\nThe film was released on March 25, 2011. Talks of a sequel were announced after the release of the first, but was not officially announced until May 12, 2010, announcing that it would be released March 25, 2011. Filming took place in Vancouver, British Columbia and New Westminster, British Columbia from August 23 to October 27, 2010. The mall scene was filmed at Park Royal Mall in West Vancouver. Director Thor Freudenthal was replaced by director David Bowers (\"\"Flushed Away\"\" and \"\"Astro Boy\"\"). The film's trailer was shown with \"\"Gulliver's Travels\"\" on December 25, 2010. It was later online on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15886400",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw\"\nfool of himself at their neighbor's birthday party. The next day, his dad reconsiders his decision to send Greg to Spag Union, and the book ends with Greg looking forward to his summer vacation. On August 3, 2012, a film based on this book and the fourth book, \"\"\"\", was released; the movie starred Zachary Gordon, Steve Zahn, Robert Capron, Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Peyton List, Grayson Russell and Karan Brar. Principal photography began on August 8, 2011 in Vancouver and was completed on October 7, 2011. A poster was leaked in March 2012. A teaser trailer was attached to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "701631",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\"\nall hang out together at the local pool. Greg describes that his summer did not go the way he expected, but had positive circumstances. This film is the last movie in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series to feature the original cast, as they aged out of their roles as middle-schoolers. Principal photography began on August 8, 2011 in Vancouver and was completed on October 7, 2011. The location for the country club pool was Eagle Ridge Outdoor pool in Coquitlam, BC. Filming at Eagle Ridge Outdoor pool took place during the end of August 2011. The municipal",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
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"chunk_id": "20215829",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nIt is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal, who was replaced by David Bowers for the rest of the installments. The film was theatrically released on March 19, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox. Greg Heffley, a small 11 year old who constantly fights with his teenage brother Rodrick and younger brother Manny, is apprehensive about beginning middle school. On his first day, he quickly discovers the ups and downs, such as the missing stall doors in the boys' bathroom and the difficulties of obtaining a seat during lunch. During P.E. class,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20641356",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\"\noutdoor pool scenes at the beginning and the end of the movie were filmed at Steveston Outdoor pool in Richmond, BC. Filming occurred at the Steveston Outdoor pool during the beginning of September 2011. The Chinese Bunkhouse at the Steveston Shipyards in Richmond, BC was the location of the Wilderness Explorers cabin for Troop 133. During filming, stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron, were seen riding the Corkscrew at Playland at Vancouver's fair, the PNE. A poster was leaked in March 2012. A teaser trailer was attached to \"\"The Three Stooges\"\". An advance screening for the film was held on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2539648",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\n2011, which was based on the second book \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\", with Zachary Gordon returning as Greg Heffley. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\"\" was also filmed in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The film also contains some scenes from \"\"The Last Straw.\"\" The third film combines the third and fourth books \"\"The Last Straw\"\" and \"\"Dog Days\"\", taking stories from both, but mainly from \"\"Dog Days\"\", from which it took its title. The decision to blend the two films was made to keep up with the ages of the actors. The film was released on August 3, 2012. The likelihood of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19750369",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nKid\"\" film series. It was released on March 25, 2011 and is based on the second book, \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\" with scenes from \"\"The Last Straw\"\". Principal photography began on August 23, 2010 and was completed on October 27, 2010, with filming taking place in Vancouver and New Westminster. \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\" was directed by David Bowers, with Zachary Gordon reprising his role as Greg Heffley. New main characters include Holly Hills (Peyton List), Grandpa (Terence Kelly), and Bill Walter (Fran Kranz). Edward Shearmur composes the original score for the film. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\"\" is the third film",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20215835",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nCheese before a teacher chases them off. When the other kids notice that the Cheese has been eaten, Greg takes the fall for Rowley by saying he ate it. This mends their friendship as Greg invites Rowley to play at his house. At the end of the school year, Greg and Rowley make the yearbook Class Favorites page as \"\"Cutest Friends.\"\" Filming of \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was in Vancouver and wrapped up on October 16, 2009. Lucas Cruikshank, best known for creating the web series \"\"Fred\"\", had auditioned for the role as Greg Heffley. Even though he was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16982841",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\"\nare replaced by a new cast. It was theatrically released on May 19, 2017, by 20th Century Fox. The film grossed $40 million worldwide on a $22 million production cost. One year after the , while at the Corny's family restaurant, the Heffley family — consists of Greg, Rodrick, Frank, Susan and Manny — plans to take a road trip across the USA to attend Meemaw's 90th birthday. However, after Greg and Rowley rescue his younger brother Manny, who got stuck inside a tube in the play area, Greg ends up in a ball pit with a diaper stuck on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20215828",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Movie) is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's book of the same name. The film stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron. Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Chloë Grace Moretz also have prominent roles. It is the first film in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series, and was followed by three sequels, \"\"\"\" (2011), \"\"\"\" (2012) and \"\"\"\" (2017). The film earned $75.7 million on a $15 million budget.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19750368",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\ncompleted on October 16, 2009. The film was directed by Thor Freudenthal and starred Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley, Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as Angie Steadman, Grayson Russell as Fregley, Laine MacNeil as Patty Farrell, and Karan Brar as Chirag Gupta. It is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal. The musical score was composed by Theodore Shapiro. \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\" is the second film in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4158729",
"chunk_text": "\"Grayson Russell\"\nGrayson Russell Grayson Russell (born May 1, 1998) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his roles in \"\"\"\" and the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series. Russell was born in Clanton, Alabama, the son of Crystal and Jerry Russell, who have a Christian music ministry. He attended public high school in Clanton at Chilton County High School, home of the Tigers, and graduated from there in 2016. His acting career began at the age of six, when he appeared as Cowboy Grayson, in a series of television commercials for a local car dealership.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14958168",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nbook. The film was released on March 19, 2010. It was released on DVD, iTunes, and Blu-ray on August 3, 2010. The movie stars Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley (Dad), Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley (Mom), Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as Angie Steadman, and Connor & Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Greg's brother. Diary of a Wimpy Kid Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a satirical realistic fiction comedy novel for children and teenagers written and illustrated by Jeff Kinney. It is the first book in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9300305",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\"\nsee all the books made into movies.\"\" Fox 2000 greenlit the sequel and Zachary Gordon returned as Greg Heffley. Steve Zahn (Frank Heffley) and Rachael Harris (Susan Heffley) will also return. The film was directed by David Bowers and the screenplay was written by Gabe Sachs and Jeff Judah. Principal photography began in Vancouver August 2010. A few new characters appeared in the film, including Peyton List as Holly Hills. The trailer was seen with \"\"Gulliver's Travels\"\". The website created for the first was updated for the sequel featuring pictures of the cast and a short synopsis of the film.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_id": "15942793",
"chunk_text": "\"Zachary Gordon\"\nZachary Gordon Zachary Adam Gordon (born February 15, 1998) is an American actor. Beginning his professional acting career at the age of eight, Gordon is a three-time Young Artist Award Best Leading Young Actor nominee, best known for playing Greg Heffley in the first three films of the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film franchise. Gordon was born in Oak Park, California, to Linda and Kenneth Gordon. He has two brothers and was raised in Southern California. Zach graduated from a public high school in Oak Park. He is Jewish. Gordon's resumé includes multiple television appearances, on programs such as",
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"page_id": 14
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4158732",
"chunk_text": "\"Grayson Russell\"\nan autistic baseball savant named Rafer, in the 2013 feature film \"\"Season of Miracles\"\", a role for which fans and critics have acknowledged his broader acting range. Grayson Russell Grayson Russell (born May 1, 1998) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his roles in \"\"\"\" and the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series. Russell was born in Clanton, Alabama, the son of Crystal and Jerry Russell, who have a Christian music ministry. He attended public high school in Clanton at Chilton County High School, home of the Tigers, and graduated from there in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nGreg later decides to confess the truth, but Rowley has already informed on him, resulting in their friendship breaking off. Greg tries to befriend Fregley to make Rowley jealous, although he is uncomfortable around Fregley. Resorting to auditioning for the school play (based on \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\") Greg lands the role as a tree, while Patty Farrel is cast as Dorothy, the protagonist of the novel. During the show's opening performance, Rodrick brings a camera to film the play. Greg becomes too nervous to sing, confusing the other \"\"trees\"\" who also fail to sing. Patty gets frustrated and angers",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\non March 19, 2010, moved up from an April 2 release date. It was directed by Thor Freudenthal, who also directed \"\"Hotel for Dogs\"\". The film starred Zachary Gordon as Greg, Robert Capron as Rowley (Greg's best friend), Steve Zahn as Frank (Greg's father), Rachael Harris as Susan (Greg's mother), Devon Bostick as Rodrick (Greg's older brother), Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny (Greg's younger brother), Chloë Grace Moretz as a new character named Angie, and Grayson Russell as Fregley. There is a second film in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series that was released on March 25,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17992341",
"chunk_text": "\"Greg Heffley\"\nParade since 2010. \"\"Poptropica's\"\" 28th island, \"\"Wimpy Boardwalk,\"\" also revolves around the \"\"Wimpy Kid\"\" series. Wimpy Boardwalk was the first time that Greg was shown in color. In the first three adaptions of the series, Greg was portrayed by actor Zachary Gordon. The first adaption \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was directed by Thor Freudenthal. The film was released on March 19, 2010. It was released on DVD, iTunes, and Blu-ray on August 3, 2010. The movie stars Zachary Gordon as Greg, Robert Capron as Rowley, Steve Zahn as Greg's father, Rachael Harris as Greg's mother, Devon Bostick as Rodrick,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
{
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"chunk_id": "250208",
"chunk_text": "\"The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary\"\nThe Wimpy Kid Movie Diary The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary is a movie tie-in book by Jeff Kinney about the making of the 2010 movie \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\", which stars Zachary Gordon as Greg and Robert Capron as Rowley. Unlike the other books, it is non-fiction. It starts off with how the series was created. Next, it shows how they gradually prepared the movie for filming, such as choosing the cast, writing the script, and finding the right location. When it talks about filming, other subjects are woven within, especially the actors' downtime and designing props. It also",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8649121",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a satirical realistic fiction comedy novel for children and teenagers written and illustrated by Jeff Kinney. It is the first book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series. The book is about a boy named Greg Heffley and his struggles to fit in as he begins middle school. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" first appeared on FunBrain in 2004, where it was read 20 million times. The abridged hardcover adaptation was released on April 1, 2007. The book was named a \"\"New York Times\"\" bestseller, among other awards",
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},
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"chunk_id": "16982842",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\"\nhis hand, startling him. He subsequently becomes famous after the people around him record him and post the footage on the internet, leading Greg to be dubbed as \"\"Diaper Hands\"\", much to Greg's devastation. Later, at the Heffley residence, Greg learns that Player Expo is taking place not very far from Meemaw's house in Indianapolis. Greg's gaming star, Mac Digby, will be attending, and Greg hopes to meet him and get in one of his videos so he will gain newfound popularity. He plans to sneak off from the road trip to attend the Expo without his parents' knowledge, however.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19325173",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\"\nlike to see \"\"\"\" adapted into an animated film, stating in an interview, \"\"I hope that it gets made into an animated movie. but I'd really like to see it turn into an animated television special.\"\" In 2016, it was announced that a live-action film adaptation of the ninth book \"\"\"\" was in development, and would be featuring a completely new cast playing the Heffleys. The film was released on May 17, 2017, in the Philippines, May 19, 2017, in the United States, and May 20, 2017, in the United Kingdom. On February 23, 2017, a theatrical poster and teaser",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "2308574",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nDays\"\" in 2012. The short is told through Greg's point of view as he explains his experience with humor and comedy. Zachary Gordon reprises his role as Greg Heffley along other cast members voicing their characters from the films in minor roles. In December 2012, Jeff Kinney announced that he was working on an animated adaptation of \"\"Cabin Fever\"\" to air around Christmas 2013. The adaptation would explain how Manny managed to redirect the power for all to his room and no one else's. In August 2013, Kinney stated it would be a half-hour television special, and would air on",
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "1739909",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nand praise. A film of the same name was released on March 19, 2010. The sequel to the film is \"\"\"\", followed by \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". As Greg Heffley is getting ready for his first day of middle school, he is teased by his teenage brother Rodrick, because his mom bought him his supplies for school. He has a little brother, a toddler named Manny, who is \"\"spoiled rotten\"\" because he gets everything he wants and also gets away with everything he does wrong. His father, named Frank Heffley, does not encourage Greg's way of life - playing video games",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2308573",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nLong Haul\"\" was released on May 19, 2017, and is the first film to feature an entirely new cast. Jason Drucker and Charlie Wright portray Greg and Rodrick Heffley, and Tom Everett Scott and Alicia Silverstone as their parents, Frank and Susan. The film follows Greg and Rodrick convincing their family to go on a road trip for their great grandmother's 90th birthday, but they actually plan on attending a video game convention. An animated short film set after the events of Dog Days, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown\"\", was released on the home media release of \"\"Dog",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
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{
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"chunk_id": "15346234",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\"\nwhich, according to Greg, confuses Manny, leading to a visit at their aunt's instead and a postponed trip to Disney World. They decide to go to a simple road trip to see several tourist attractions. At a cheap motel on the first night of the road trip, Greg and Rodrick decide to go to the pool, but find that there is no water in it. There is a hot tub nearby, but it is occupied by another family, who aren’t willing to leave the hot tub. They return to their room to find that the rest of the family has",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5727698",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down\"\nfrom coming into the home resulting in the chips melting in his hands. After cleaning up the mess Rowley makes,Greg finds several packs find a pack of gummy worms, and gets the idea to make a scary movie about a man who goes to take a shower, only to end up being eaten alive by worms. He and Rowley, while filming it with Susan and Frank's old camcorder are surrounded by the geese and trapped in the house. Greg knows Rodrick has an awful wolf mask which he thinks he can use to scare the geese away, but the boys",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1664139",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\"\nthe books made into movies.\"\" Fox 2000 greenlit the sequel and Zachary Gordon returned as Greg Heffley. Steve Zahn (Frank Heffley) and Rachael Harris (Susan Heffley) also returned. The film was directed by David Bowers and the screenplay was written by Gabe Sachs and Jeff Judah. Principal photography began in Vancouver in August 2010. A few new characters appeared in the film, including Peyton List as Holly Hills. The trailer was seen with \"\"Gulliver's Travels\"\". The film was released on March 25, 2011. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules is a children's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2308569",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (film series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of films based on the series of books, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" by Jeff Kinney. The series consists of four films: \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" (2010), \"\"\"\" (2011), \"\"\"\" (2012) and the latest fourth film \"\" \"\"(2017) as well as a short film entitled \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown\"\" (2012) \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was released March 19, 2010, as it moved up from a previously scheduled April 2 release date. Principal production began on September 21, 2009 and was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8649127",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nin the United Kingdom. The ninth, \"\"\"\", was released on November 4, 2014, in the US and November 5, 2014, in the UK. The tenth, \"\"\"\", was released globally on November 3, 2015. The eleventh, \"\"\"\", was published on November 1, 2016. The twelfth book, \"\"\"\", was published on November 7, 2017, followed by the thirteenth, \"\"\"\", on October 30, 2018. The book won the Blue Peter Book Award 2012, revealed live on British kids channel CBBC on March 1, 2012. Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a 2010 American comedy directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9628681",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway is the twelfth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2017 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event which was live streamed via YouTube as part of the 10th anniversary of the first book. The book was published and released on November 7, 2017. When Greg Heffley's family try to prepare for Christmas, Greg's parents decide to skip Christmas and travel by plane to Isla De Corales after seeing an ad for it, the",
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_id": "3984920",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\ndown and began to head to the resort, Isla de Corales (Coral Island in English). He is even excited by the activities the resort offer which he sees on the bus. However, Frank and Susan are disappointed that the resort has since changed, and it is now split with a family side (the Mild Side) and a couple side (the Wild Side) and the hotel Frank and Susan (Greg's mom) stayed during their honeymoon is now in the Wild Side. The family has to stay to a different hotel. The family also discovers that they got one bag accidentally that",
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},
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"chunk_id": "19724881",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever\"\nneed to advertise their bazaar and they try to ask the local newspaper to do it. However, they find out that it is really expensive and they establish their own newspaper. Their newspaper doesn't succeed so they decide to hang up posters that advertise their bazaar in their town. They start with hanging up posters at their school but, unfortunately, it starts to rain and all the ink spreads so they remove their posters. All of a sudden the color of the paper itself sticks to the school's wall so they get in trouble. Their school and the police start",
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "19750370",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nin the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series. It was released on August 3, 2012 and is based on the third book \"\"The Last Straw\"\" and the fourth book \"\"Dog Days\"\". The film was directed by David Bowers and features the same familiar cast of characters, introducing a few new ones, and also focusing on lesser characters not elaborated on in previous films, including Frank Heffley (Steve Zahn), Mr. Robert Jefferson (Alf Humphreys) and Holly Hills (Peyton List). \"\"Dog Days\"\" is the first film in the series not to be released in March. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
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{
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"chunk_id": "1176030",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck\"\nwere announced in the final pages of 2012's \"\"The Third Wheel\"\". Teaser artwork for the then-unnamed book was released in March 2013, which depicted central character Greg Heffley holding an umbrella while Magic 8-Balls fall around him. On August 8, 2013 the book's cover and official title, \"\"Hard Luck\"\", was revealed, along with the release date of November 5, 2013. Kinney also announced that he would begin a book tour that same month to encourage pre-sales of the book. Kinney later stated that he found it challenging to write for one of the book's characters, Rowley's girlfriend Abigail, as she",
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"chunk_id": "5376812",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway\"\nthat they can leave on a high note. So they sneak in. They skip the pool and then run into Rodrick's girlfriend with a man named Rodrigo (the counselor). They take a photo. They go back to the beach and steal some food by distracting others and then eating their food. They go to take one more photo but are spotted by the family who they took clothes from.The Heffleys try to escape the resort. Greg heads to the beach and windsurfs away pursued by the police. He gets stuck in the dolphin swimming area, something he is initially delighted",
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"chunk_id": "2539642",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nCentury Fox. The website \"\"Poptropica\"\" has released two islands themed after \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\", called Wimpy Wonderland and Wimpy Boardwalk. In January 1998, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" officially began, when Kinney brought up an idea about a middle-school weakling named Greg Heffley, who wrote about his personal life. In May 2004, FunBrain and Kinney released an online version of \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\". The website made daily entries until June 2005. He worked on his book for almost eight years, before showing it to a publisher in New York. In February 2006, during the New York",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20215842",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nIt was based on the second book in the series, . Zachary Gordon reprised his role in the film. \"\"\"\" was released on August 3, 2012 and is based on \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", including scenes from both books. An animated short film, , was released along with the DVD of . A film based on \"\"\"\" was released in May 2017 featuring a new cast starring Jason Drucker, Alicia Silverstone, and Tom Everett Scott. Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Movie) is a 2010 American comedy",
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},
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"chunk_id": "20215833",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nbest friend. Greg decides to pursue popularity without Rowley by joining the school's production of \"\"The Wizard of Oz\"\". At tryouts, Greg's soprano voice earns him the role of Dorothy; however, Patty threatens the teacher into casting her instead. Greg signs up as a tree, hoping to throw apples on Patty during the play, but during rehearsal, the trees are told they won't throw apples but sing a song instead. At the performance, Greg refuses to sing as Rodrick is videotaping the performance, and begins throwing apples after Patty throws a huge fit at what Greg has done, ending the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19489235",
"chunk_text": "\"Laine MacNeil\"\nLaine MacNeil Laine MacNeil (born October 28, 1996) is a Canadian actress. MacNeil made her motion picture debut at the age of thirteen, and is perhaps best known for her role as Patty Farrell in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" feature film franchise, which earned her five Young Artist Award nominations, including a win as Best Young Supporting Actress in a Feature Film. MacNeil was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia. She began her acting career at a young age, and appeared in her first significant film production in a non-negligible marginal role. In\"\" Mr. Troop Mom\"\" with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18845737",
"chunk_text": "\"Laine MacNeil\"\nLaine MacNeil Laine MacNeil (born October 28, 1996) is a Canadian actress. MacNeil made her motion picture debut at the age of thirteen, and is perhaps best known for her role as Patty Farrell in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" feature film franchise, which earned her five Young Artist Award nominations, including a win as Best Young Supporting Actress in a Feature Film. MacNeil was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia. She began her acting career at a young age, and appeared in her first significant film production in a non-negligible marginal role. In\"\" Mr. Troop Mom\"\" with",
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"page_id": 41
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20215834",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nplay in chaos. Later, Greg and his mother attend a mother-son dance at the school despite his reluctance. At Susan’s encouragement, Greg attempts to reconcile with Rowley but is rejected. Depressed, he can only watch as Rowley and his mother perform a dance routine to Intergalactic, winning over the crowd and shocking Greg. One day at school, Rowley and Greg loudly confront each other. Patty and the other kids force Greg and Rowley to fight; however, neither of them are good at fighting. The teenagers from Halloween arrive at the scene and catch the boys, forcing Rowley to eat the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20215830",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nhe and his best friend Rowley Jefferson escape from a game of Gladiator and learn about a rotten piece of cheese on the basketball court that makes anyone who touches it an outcast, known as the Cheese Touch. Greg also meets Angie, a girl who isolates herself from the other students to survive. Greg states his intention of becoming the most popular student in school. The next day, Greg signs up for wrestling but suffers back-to-back humiliating losses against Fregley, a weird outcast, and Patty Farrell, Greg's arch-enemy from elementary school. On Halloween, while out with Rowley, they encounter teenagers",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18234489",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly Truth\"\narrive at Gammie's, Greg meets multiple family members including Uncle Gary and his fiancee Sonja. Later that evening, Greg has to sleep in a crowded room in a group called \"\"The Bachelors\"\" which include Rodrick, Manny, Uncle Gary, Benjy Heffley, Charlie Heffley (also known as Uncle Charlie), Terrance Heffley, and Arthur Heffley. Greg sneaks out and sleeps in the bathroom. The day before the wedding, Greg complains about no entertainment at Gammie's, and how old and valuable her belongings are. The year before, Greg ate some old taffy and got sick. Then he finds a photo of his father, Frank",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20215831",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nwhile trick or treating who spray a fire extinguisher at them. When Greg threatens to call the cops, the teenagers chase them to his Grandma's house, but Greg and Rowley escape. The boys join Safety Patrol in an effort to become popular, and they try out for a contest that offers a student a chance to become the new cartoonist for the school paper. After Greg breaks Rowley's arm during a game the boys played, Rowley becomes extremely popular, and wins the cartoonist contest, making Greg becomes jealous of him. During a Safety Patrol assignment, Greg panics when he encounters",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13560964",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down is the eleventh book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2016 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event. The book was published on November 1, 2016. The real book trailer was released on October 17, 2016. At the beginning of the book, Greg Heffley can be seen talking about thoughts of his life being a reality TV show: his brothers (Rodrick and Manny), and all the other people in his life are just actors",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9315004",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (book series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of fiction books written by the American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney. All the main books are the journals of the main character, Greg Heffley. Befitting a teen's diary, the books are filled with hand-written notes and simple drawings of Greg's daily adventures. Since the release of the online version in May 2004, most of the books have garnered positive reviews and commercial success. , it had been purchased one million times. The first, , , and installments have been adapted into films by 20th",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20674114",
"chunk_text": "\"Jeff Kinney (author)\"\nJeff Kinney (author) Jeffrey Patrick Kinney (born February 19, 1971) is an American cartoonist, producer and author of children's books, including the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" book series. He is also attributed as the creator of the child-oriented website Poptropica. He also appeared in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" films as Holly Hills' father. Jeff Kinney was born and brought up in Fort Washington, Maryland, United States by Madeline and Bruce Kinney. Kinney attended Potomac Landing elementary, and later attended Bishop McNamara High School. He has an older brother and sister, and a younger brother. He attended the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19325169",
"chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\"\nand ends up in a battle with Mr. Beardo but escapes. The Heffleys continue on the road but break down after driving up a big hill. They see that Meemaw’s house is just at the bottom of the hill so Greg, Rodrick, and Frank push the van forward to make it go down. Greg, unable to make it in the van, hops in the boat. But the bumpy hill causes the boat to unconnect from the van and rolls down separately. The boat rolls right into a stack of hay, sending it flying right into Meemaw’s pool. The Heffleys then",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_928
|
who wrote the song always be humble and kind?
|
n/a
|
[
"Lori McKenna"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2382874",
"chunk_text": "\"Humble and Kind\"\nHumble and Kind \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" is a song written by Lori McKenna and first released by American singer Tim McGraw on January 20, 2016, as the second single from his 14th studio album, \"\"Damn Country Music\"\". McKenna later recorded her rendition of the song for her eighth studio album, \"\"The Bird and the Rifle\"\", released in July 2016. Among several other wins and nominations, the song won the award for Best Country Song at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards, \"\"Video of the Year\"\" at the 2016 CMT Music Awards, \"\"Song of the Year\"\" at 2016 CMA Awards and \"\"Country",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2382875",
"chunk_text": "\"Humble and Kind\"\nSong of the Year\"\" at 2016 American Music Awards. It has been certified platinum and reached the number one position on the country music charts in both Canada and the United States. The song was written by Lori McKenna. In an interview with CMT published in July 2016, McKenna revealed the song was written for her husband and their five kids and is her list of all the things she wanted to make sure she’d told them. McGraw and frequent collaborator Byron Gallimore co-produced the song. On July 8, 2016, Lori McKenna released her rendition of \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Humble and Kind\"\nat the 2016 ACM Awards, which pushed its sales to 64,000 for the week, as well as the song's ranking to No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs, his 26th No. 1 on the chart. The single was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on September 20, 2016. The song reached its million sales mark in December 2016, and has sold 1,252,000 copies in the US as of January 2018. Humble and Kind \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" is a song written by Lori McKenna and first released by American singer Tim McGraw on January 20, 2016, as the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Lori McKenna\"\na Nashville-based company owned and operated by songwriter Luke Laird and his wife Beth. Lori McKenna Lori McKenna (née Giroux; born December 22, 1968) is an American folk, Americana, and country music singer, songwriter, and performer. In 2016, she was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year and won Best Country Song for co-writing the hit single \"\"Girl Crush\"\" performed by Little Big Town. In 2017, she again won Best Country Song at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards for writing \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" performed by Tim McGraw. McKenna along with Lady Gaga, Natalie Hemby and Hillary Lindsey",
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"chunk_text": "\"Lori McKenna\"\nLori McKenna Lori McKenna (née Giroux; born December 22, 1968) is an American folk, Americana, and country music singer, songwriter, and performer. In 2016, she was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year and won Best Country Song for co-writing the hit single \"\"Girl Crush\"\" performed by Little Big Town. In 2017, she again won Best Country Song at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards for writing \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" performed by Tim McGraw. McKenna along with Lady Gaga, Natalie Hemby and Hillary Lindsey wrote the second single off the soundtrack to the 2018 film, A Star Is",
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"chunk_text": "\"Lori McKenna\"\nat the Country Music Association Awards. McKenna won another Grammy the next year for Best Country Song for \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" performed by Tim McGraw. McKenna wrote the song as \"\"lullaby, guidebook, and tribute\"\" to her five children. The song was named Song of the Year at the 2016 CMA Awards and won favorite country song at the American Music Awards that same year. In 2017, \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" was nominated for Song of the Year and Single Record of the Year at the ACM Awards. McKenna was named Songwriter of the Year at the ACM's that same year. McKenna",
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"chunk_text": "\"Paul Overstreet\"\n\"\"Forever and Ever, Amen\"\" and \"\"On the Other Hand\"\", both of which were Number Ones for Randy Travis. He also co-wrote \"\"When You Say Nothing at All\"\" which was a Number One hit at the end of 1988 for Keith Whitley, and later a Top Five hit in 1995 for Alison Krauss, and revived later in 1999 by Ronan Keating of Boyzone. He is also known for writing the worship song God Is Good All The Time with Don Moen, which has become one of Moen's signature songs. Overstreet was first signed as a singer in 1982. His debut single,",
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"chunk_id": "5265632",
"chunk_text": "Fortuosity\nFortuosity \"\"Fortuosity\"\" is the first song in the 1967 motion picture The Happiest Millionaire. It was first performed by Tommy Steele playing the part of \"\"John Lawless\"\" (the butler). The song was written by Robert and Richard Sherman. Richard Sherman stated that the word meant \"\"Faith and Good Fortune\"\". Apparently derived from \"\"fortuitous,\"\" which refers to something that happens by fortune or chance, \"\"fortuosity\"\" is a Disney neologism and has a more positive meaning than \"\"fortuitous\"\" or that word's standard noun form, \"\"fortuity,\"\" which means accident, chance, or an accidental occurrence. Steele also sings the song, \"\"I'll Always Be Irish\"\",",
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"chunk_text": "\"Humble and Kind\"\nfeatured scenes from around the world from Winfrey's fall 2015 documentary series. The video won the top honor, \"\"Video of the Year\"\", at the 2016 CMT Music Awards. The song and video of \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" has its own website (http://stayhumbleandkind.com) intended to gather related stories about acts of kindness that have been shared with the hashtag #stayhumbleandkind. The day after the music video was released, Winfrey tweeted her approval of the video, saying \"\"TIM, I love this song. Every word feels true.\"\" McGraw performed the song on the April 3, 2016 ACM Awards. A bound edition of \"\"Humble and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "19613511",
"chunk_text": "\"The Humblebums\"\nThe Humblebums The Humblebums were a Scottish folk rock band, based in Glasgow. Its members included Billy Connolly, who later became a renowned stand-up comedian and actor, guitarist Tam Harvey and the singer-songwriter Gerry Rafferty. The band was active from 1965 to 1971. Connolly co-founded the band with Harvey in 1965 and played in the pubs and clubs around the city, most notably the Old Scotia Bar. Connolly sang, played banjo and guitar, and entertained the audience with his humorous introductions to the songs. Harvey was an accomplished Bluegrass guitarist. Rafferty joined later and for a short time they performed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Humble and Kind\"\nlighting rig\"\". According to Christina Vinson of Townsquare Media's blog site, The Boot, the video, which presents a song from the perspective of \"\"a parent sending their child into the world\"\", will resonate across a wide-ranging audience. McGraw, who has three daughters with his wife Faith Hill had just sent his oldest daughter off to college in the fall before the song was released. \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" first entered Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart at No. 45 for chart dated February 6, 2016. In late March, the song became McGraw's fifty-second Top 10 country hit. Tim McGraw performed the song",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16485418",
"chunk_text": "\"Maggie Louie\"\nMaggie Louie Maggie Louie (November 10, 1970) is an American songwriter, guitarist and singer, best known for the pop single \"\"Always Be Your Girl\"\" featured on her solo album, \"\"Maggie Louie\"\", released in 1999 and as the lead singer of the underground cult band Buttermilk which recorded four albums including \"\"Star Spangled Bubblegum\"\" (1993) and \"\"On Tap\"\" (1995). Louie's vocal talents have been described as providing a \"\"fiery emotive delivery\"\" for Buttermilk's \"\"blues rock, jazz, funk, folk and H.O.R.D.E.-style groovy jams.\"\" In 1998, Louie's life story was optioned as a feature film titled \"\"Sincerely Maggie\"\" but the movie was never",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "4228150",
"chunk_text": "\"Be More Kind\"\nBe More Kind Be More Kind is the seventh studio album by English singer-songwriter Frank Turner, released on 4 May 2018 by Xtra Mile Recordings. Its title is based on a line from a Clive James poem first published in the 3 June 2013 issue of \"\"The New Yorker\"\" in which he describes his own mortality called \"\"Leçons des Ténèbres\"\". The line which inspired the title reads: \"\"I should have been more kind. It is my fate. To find this out, but find it out too late.\"\" The album has been described as \"\"a record that combines universal anthems with",
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"chunk_text": "\"Humble and Kind\"\nKind\"\" was released on May 17, 2016, in conjunction with graduation season by Hachette Books. In addition to the lyrics and illustrations, the book edition features an introduction by McGraw and an epilogue by McKenna. McGraw pledged his book proceeds to the Neighbor's Keeper Fund of the Community Foundation of Middle Tennessee. Chris Parton of \"\"Country Weekly\"\" described \"\"Humble and Kind\"\"'s video as \"\"the touching, lump-in-your-throat\"\" kind. Stephen L. Betts of \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" described the video as one that takes \"\"universal scenes of faith and life and combines them with an understated performance from McGraw, captured by a 360-degree turntable",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Malford Milligan\"\nHustinx would be producing. \"\"Life Will Humble You\"\" was released late October 2018 on the Dutch label Royal Family Records (founded by renowned Dutch singer/songwriter JW Roy). Coinciding tours in both The Netherlands and Texas are also scheduled. Malford Milligan Malford Milligan (born March 29, 1959) is an American, Austin, Texas-based soul, blues and gospel singer. He is an eight-time award-winner as \"\"Best Vocalist\"\" at the annual Austin Music Awards (last awarded in 2015). Malford Milligan was born in Taylor, Texas, to Frank and Mary Milligan. In 1981, after a period as a sociology student at Texas Tech University, Milligan",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "19613514",
"chunk_text": "\"The Humblebums\"\nsongs all combine interesting lyrics, usually with a story line, and sprightly melodies\"\". The Humblebums The Humblebums were a Scottish folk rock band, based in Glasgow. Its members included Billy Connolly, who later became a renowned stand-up comedian and actor, guitarist Tam Harvey and the singer-songwriter Gerry Rafferty. The band was active from 1965 to 1971. Connolly co-founded the band with Harvey in 1965 and played in the pubs and clubs around the city, most notably the Old Scotia Bar. Connolly sang, played banjo and guitar, and entertained the audience with his humorous introductions to the songs. Harvey was an",
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},
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"chunk_id": "572557",
"chunk_text": "\"Always (Irving Berlin song)\"\nAlways (Irving Berlin song) \"\"Always\"\" is a popular song written by Irving Berlin in 1925, as a wedding gift for his wife Ellin McKay, whom he married in 1926, and to whom he presented the substantial royalties. Although legend (and Groucho Marx) claims Berlin wrote the song \"\"Always\"\" for \"\"The Cocoanuts\"\", he never meant for the song to be included in the play. Hit versions have also been recorded by such diverse artists as Benny Goodman, Charlie Barnet, Tony Bennett, Patsy Cline, Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, Bill Evans, Billy Corgan, Leonard Cohen, Phil Collins, Machito and The Ink Spots. Billy",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16775817",
"chunk_text": "\"The Bird and the Rifle\"\nThe Bird and the Rifle The Bird and The Rifle is the ninth studio album by Lori McKenna, released on July 29, 2016, through CN Records. It includes the song \"\"Humble and Kind\"\", which was written by McKenna and first recorded by Tim McGraw for his 2015 album \"\"Damn Country Music\"\". Despite the album's limited commercial success (it never charted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200), it earned critical acclaim and was nominated for Best Americana Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards. In an interview with The Guardian, McKenna said that \"\"there were more stories and characters on the last record,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8207671",
"chunk_text": "\"Humble (song)\"\nHumble (song) \"\"Humble\"\" (stylized as \"\"HUMBLE.\"\") is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar. It was released on March 30, 2017, by Top Dawg Entertainment, Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records. The song, written by Lamar and Mike Will Made It and produced by the latter, was serviced to rhythmic contemporary radio as the lead single from Lamar's fourth studio album, \"\"Damn\"\". \"\"Humble\"\" became Lamar's second number-one single on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 after \"\"Bad Blood\"\" and his first as a lead artist. The song received four nominations at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards: Record of the Year, Best Rap",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"The Bird and the Rifle\"\nAmazon.com The Bird and the Rifle The Bird and The Rifle is the ninth studio album by Lori McKenna, released on July 29, 2016, through CN Records. It includes the song \"\"Humble and Kind\"\", which was written by McKenna and first recorded by Tim McGraw for his 2015 album \"\"Damn Country Music\"\". Despite the album's limited commercial success (it never charted on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200), it earned critical acclaim and was nominated for Best Americana Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards. In an interview with The Guardian, McKenna said that \"\"there were more stories and characters on the last",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "7595442",
"chunk_text": "\"Dear Hearts and Gentle People\"\nDear Hearts and Gentle People \"\"Dear Hearts and Gentle People\"\" is a popular song published in 1949 with music by Sammy Fain and lyrics by Bob Hilliard. They were inspired to write the song based on a scrap of paper with the words \"\"Dear friends and gentle hearts\"\" written on it that was found on the body of Stephen Foster when he was discovered dying in a New York hotel room in January 1864. Popular versions were recorded in 1949 by Dinah Shore, Gordon MacRae, Bing Crosby, and Dennis Day. In the United Kingdom, the song was recorded by Doreen",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
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"chunk_id": "13727150",
"chunk_text": "\"Always Look on the Bright Side of Life\"\nAlways Look on the Bright Side of Life \"\"Always Look on the Bright Side of Life\"\" is a comedy song written by Monty Python member Eric Idle that was first featured in the film \"\"Monty Python's Life of Brian\"\" and has gone on to become a common singalong at public events such as football matches as well as funerals. The song touches on the British trait of stoicism with the \"\"stiff upper lip\"\" spirit in the face of adversity, and became immensely popular. It reached No.3 on the UK Singles Charts in 1991, and the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Forever and Ever, Amen\"\nForever and Ever, Amen \"\"Forever and Ever, Amen\"\" is a song written by Paul Overstreet and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released in March 1987 as the first single from the album \"\"Always & Forever\"\" and became Travis's third No. 1 single on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles charts. In 1987, \"\"Forever and Ever, Amen\"\" won a Grammy for Best Country & Western Song and an Academy of Country Music award for Song of the Year. It was certified Gold by the RIAA on April 29, 2014, making it Travis' first",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Maggie Louie\"\nproduced. Louie's song, \"\"Junky Rhapsody\"\" was featured on Grammy nominee Stanley C. Adkins' 2001 album \"\"The Undesirables\"\" which was produced by Alex Chilton in New Orleans, LA. Also in 2001, Louie played herself as the lead singer of a bar band in one scene of the TV-Movie, A Passion. Maggie Louie Maggie Louie (November 10, 1970) is an American songwriter, guitarist and singer, best known for the pop single \"\"Always Be Your Girl\"\" featured on her solo album, \"\"Maggie Louie\"\", released in 1999 and as the lead singer of the underground cult band Buttermilk which recorded four albums including \"\"Star",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "16537801",
"chunk_text": "\"Eben E. Rexford\"\nand By.” (Note: There are at least two other songs by this name. One by Fanny J. Crosby in 1898. – Black, J. M., Ed. \"\"The Chorus of Praise\"\". NY:Eaton and Mains, 1898. no. 40. The other by Maud Frazer and Mary Bernstecher in 1908 – Alexander, \"\"Charles M. Alexander’s Gospel Songs\"\". Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1908, no. 11.) Date unknown. “Do Some Good Deed Every Day.” Eben E. Rexford Eben Eugene Rexford (16 July 1848 - 18 October 1916) was an American writer and poet, and author of lyrics to popular and gospel songs. Born in Johnsburg, New York, he",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "629160",
"chunk_text": "\"Ralston Bowles\"\nRalston Bowles Ralston Bowles is an American songwriter, producer, musician and singer from Grand Rapids, Michigan. Ralston Bowles was born on August 31, 1952 to parents, Buel Bowles of Green Sulphur Springs, West Virginia (1913–2002) and May Jean Morgan of Vincennes, Indiana (1919–1998). Bowles wrote the songs \"\"Fragile\"\", recorded by Peter Mulvey, Rachael Davis and Caroline Aiken, and \"\"Grace\"\", based on a book by author Philip Yancey, \"\"What's So Amazing About Grace?\"\". Bowles wrote the latter song after reading a pre-publication galley of the book. After the book was published, singer Bono of U2 wrote and released a similar song",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "14367839",
"chunk_text": "\"Wayne Carson\"\nWayne Carson Wayne Carson (born Wayne Carson Head; May 31, 1943 – July 20, 2015), sometimes credited as Wayne Carson Thompson, was an American country musician, songwriter, and record producer. He played percussion, piano, guitar, and bass. His most famous songs as a writer include \"\"The Letter\"\", \"\"Neon Rainbow\"\", \"\"Soul Deep\"\", and \"\"Always on My Mind\"\" (written with Mark James and Johnny Christopher). Carson was born in Denver, Colorado, to Odie and Olivia Head, who played music professionally under the pseudonym Thompson. They met in Nebraska while working for radio station KMMJ, moved to Colorado and eventually to Springfield, Missouri",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "19048613",
"chunk_text": "\"Full Circle Song\"\nFull Circle Song \"\"Full Circle Song\"\" (a.k.a. \"\"Full Circle\"\") is a song written by Gene Clark that utilizes an allegorical wheel of fortune motif to comment on the unpredictable nature of fame and fortune. The song originally appeared in January 1973 on Clark's \"\"Roadmaster\"\" album, which was initially released exclusively in the Netherlands. A re-recorded version of \"\"Full Circle Song\"\", with the shortened title of \"\"Full Circle\"\", was included on the Byrds' 1973 reunion album, \"\"Byrds\"\". According to author John Einarson, \"\"Full Circle Song\"\" was written by Clark in early 1972. Critic Matthew Greenwald has commented that, although it's hard",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "2934326",
"chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Bugie\"\nNatural Born Bugie \"\"Natural Born Bugie\"\" (often misspelled \"\"Natural Born Boogie\"\") is the debut single released in 1969 by English rock band Humble Pie, who were one of the first British supergroups. It was written as a mid tempo rock song by Steve Marriott, for Andrew Loog Oldham's Immediate label and became the band's first single release. The original UK B-Side was \"\"Wrist Job\"\" and it was replaced with \"\"I'll Go Alone\"\" for a later release in United States. The three guitarists sang a verse each. The song reached #4 in the UK Singles Chart during 1969. The song's refrain",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "4425835",
"chunk_text": "\"Allie Wrubel\"\n\"\"Never Steal Anything Small\"\" and \"\"Midnight Lace\"\". The lyricists with whom he collaborated included Abner Silver, Herb Magidson, Charles Newman, Mort Dixon and Ned Washington. When he died, at Twentynine Palms, California, he left a lengthy catalogue of songs. Allie Wrubel was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970. His best-known songs include: Allie Wrubel Elias Paul \"\"Allie\"\" Wrubel (January 15, 1905 – December 13, 1973) was an American composer and songwriter. Wrubel was born to a Jewish family in Middletown, Connecticut, the son of Regina (née Glasscheib) and Isaac Wrubel. His family founded the Wrubels department store",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "16200145",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Be Cruel\"\nDon't Be Cruel \"\"Don't Be Cruel\"\" is a song recorded by Elvis Presley and written by Otis Blackwell in 1956. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002. In 2004, it was listed #197 in \"\"Rolling Stone's\"\" list of 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song is currently ranked as the 173rd greatest song of all time, as well as the sixth best song of 1956, by Acclaimed Music. \"\"Don't Be Cruel\"\" was the first song that Presley's song publishers, Hill and Range, brought to him to record. Blackwell was more than happy to give up",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"The Stars and Stripes Forever\"\nearly as the 1930s on college campuses, and during the 1940s, where it was sung for entertainment by soldiers at the USO. Some newspapers of that time referred to it as the \"\"Duck Song.\"\" In 1954, Charles Grean and Joan Javits composed \"\"Crazy Mixed Up Song\"\", using the theme from Stars and Stripes Forever, with lyrics beginning \"\"Be kind to your web-footed friends\"\". It was made somewhat popular by Peter Lind Hayes & Mary Healy in that year. In the early 1960s, it reached a wider audience as a part of a nationally syndicated sing-along show, \"\"Mitch Miller and the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"bge_score": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Erik Jacobsen\"\nMagic Circle\"\". Jacobsen was also introduced to singer-songwriter Tim Hardin, began working as his manager, and produced his demos for Columbia Records. Starting in 1965, Jacobsen produced the albums \"\"Do You Believe in Magic\"\", \"\"Daydream\"\", and \"\"Hums of the Lovin' Spoonful\"\", which yielded seven straight top-10 singles, including \"\"Do You Believe in Magic,\"\" \"\"You Didn't Have to Be So Nice,\"\" \"\"Daydream,\"\" and the number one hit, \"\"Summer in the City,\"\" which was subsequently voted the number one summertime single of the 20th century by Billboard Magazine. The Lovin’ Spoonful also recorded soundtracks for Woody Allen’s first movie \"\"What’s Up Tiger",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6053975",
"chunk_text": "\"Edward Heyman\"\nOscar Levant), \"\"Love Letters,\"\" \"\"Blue Star\"\" (theme of the television series \"\"Medic\"\"), \"\"The Wonder of You,\"\" \"\"Boo-Hoo,\"\" \"\"Bluebird of Happiness,\"\" and \"\"You're Mine, You!\"\" Heyman was an ASCAP writer inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1975. Edward Heyman Edward Heyman (March 14, 1907October 16, 1981) was an American lyricist and producer, best known for his lyrics to \"\"Body and Soul,\"\" \"\"When I Fall in Love,\"\" and \"\"For Sentimental Reasons.\"\" He also contributed to a number of songs for films. Heyman studied at the University of Michigan where he had an early start on his career writing college musicals.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11315412",
"chunk_text": "\"Be Stiff\"\nBe Stiff \"\"Be Stiff\"\" is the third single by American new wave band Devo, released in 1978. The song was taken from the sessions for \"\"\"\" produced by Brian Eno. Guitarist Bob Lewis wrote the music and came up with the title concept; bassist Jerry Casale penned the verses. With its stop-start rhythms and angular arrangement, \"\"Be Stiff\"\" exemplified Devo's stance against soft rock complacency. It became an anthem for Stiff Records, and a minor success in the UK. It was covered multiple times, including on a Stiff-released EP of their own artists's interpretations. It was performed in 1980 and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3846761",
"chunk_text": "\"Always Remember Us This Way\"\nSweden and Switzerland, the digital charts of Luxembourg, Slovakia and the combined European chart. The track has also reached the top twenty in Australia, Estonia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway and on the digital chart of Czech Republic. \"\"Always Remember Us This Way\"\" was written by Lady Gaga, Natalie Hemby, Hillary Lindsey, and Lori McKenna, and produced by Dave Cobb and Gaga. It also features background vocals from Hemby, Lindsey and McKenna. Bradley Cooper had approached Cobb for crafting the sound of the album, after listening to the latter's work. Cobb flew out to Los Angeles and met Gaga and Cooper",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "7675591",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Brown\"\nBobby Brown Robert Barisford Brown (born February 5, 1969) is an American R&B singer-songwriter, occasional rapper, dancer, actor. Brown started his career in the R&B and pop group New Edition, from its inception in 1978 until his exit from the group in 1985. Starting a solo career, he enjoyed success with his second album in 1988, \"\"Don't Be Cruel\"\", which spawned a number of hit singles including the self-penned \"\"My Prerogative\"\", and the Grammy Award-winning \"\"Every Little Step.\"\" Brown had a string of top ten hits on various \"\"Billboard\"\" charts between 1986 and 1993. Brown is noted as a pioneer",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "10230567",
"chunk_text": "\"Humble Pie\"\nhaving just left Small Faces, got together with Greg Ridley, Peter Frampton and Jerry Shirley, who had been the drummer for the mod band Apostolic Intervention. Originally, Marriott had brought together Shirley and Ridley as a possible band for Frampton, but ended up joining them himself. They eventually chose the name Humble Pie and were signed to Andrew Loog Oldham's record label Immediate Records. Their debut single, \"\"Natural Born Bugie\"\", was released on August 8, 1969, becoming a No. 4 hit in the UK Singles Chart and was quickly followed by the album \"\"As Safe As Yesterday Is\"\", which peaked",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16577656",
"chunk_text": "\"Natural Born Bugie\"\nrefers to a \"\"Natural Born Woman\"\": Natural Born Bugie \"\"Natural Born Bugie\"\" (often misspelled \"\"Natural Born Boogie\"\") is the debut single released in 1969 by English rock band Humble Pie, who were one of the first British supergroups. It was written as a mid tempo rock song by Steve Marriott, for Andrew Loog Oldham's Immediate label and became the band's first single release. The original UK B-Side was \"\"Wrist Job\"\" and it was replaced with \"\"I'll Go Alone\"\" for a later release in United States. The three guitarists sang a verse each. The song reached #4 in the UK Singles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10972519",
"chunk_text": "\"Humility (song)\"\nHumility (song) \"\"Humility\"\" is a single by English virtual band Gorillaz featuring American jazz guitarist George Benson. It was released on 31 May 2018 along with \"\"Lake Zurich\"\" as the first single from their sixth studio album, \"\"The Now Now\"\". On 12 July 2018, two remixes of the song by Superorganism and DJ Koze were released. It charted in a total of 8 countries reaching number 85 on the US Billboard Hot 100, with its highest position in any chart being number 7 in Billboard's Hot Rock Songs. The song was first announced on 30 May 2018 when Zane Lowe",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7337897",
"chunk_text": "\"Damn Country Music\"\nthe song as a single in March 2017. \"\"Don't Make Me Feel At Home\"\" was previously recorded by Wesley Dennis in 1995. The first single of the album, \"\"Top of the World\"\" was released on August 4, 2015. It debuted at number 30 on the Hot Country Songs chart. The next week it debut at number 18 on the Country Digital Songs chart, selling 16,000 copies. The second single of the album, \"\"Humble and Kind\"\" was released on February 1, 2016. The third single of the album, \"\"How I'll Always Be\"\" released on July 11, 2016. The album debuted at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8207674",
"chunk_text": "\"Humble (song)\"\nMade It-produced beat built on piano and 808 bass, a chorus you can spit along to (\"\"Sit down/ Be humble\"\"), and shoutouts to Grey Poupon and the former president.\"\" Writing for \"\"The Guardian\"\", Harriet Gibson opined the song \"\"is sparse and rigid, beginning with the crunching swipes of an electric guitar, and is led by beats and sinister stabs of piano. It is a showcase for his authoritative lyricism and preacher-like message, while the instrumentation is far from the complex jazz and funk sounds of \"\"To Pimp a Butterfly\"\"... In fact, Humble has more in common with grime's minimalism than",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16670474",
"chunk_text": "\"Never Be Rude to an Arab\"\nNever Be Rude to an Arab \"\"Never Be Rude to an Arab\"\" is a satirical song by the members of \"\"Monty Python's Flying Circus\"\", originally appearing on the 1980 album \"\"Monty Python's Contractual Obligation Album\"\". It appears as sung by Terry Jones in the theatrically released concert film \"\"Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl\"\" and was included on the compilation album \"\"Monty Python Sings\"\". The song dispenses advice about not resorting to xenophobic insults, beginning with Arabs and moving on to other races not to be insulted—\"\"an Israeli, a Saudi or Jew\"\" and an \"\"Irishman\"\". The song then becomes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17401615",
"chunk_text": "\"Don Schlitz\"\nlater becoming one of Rogers' signature songs. Since then, Schlitz has written numerous country songs and penned several hits for other country artists. Among his biggest hits are two Number One songs which he co-wrote with Paul Overstreet, \"\"Forever and Ever, Amen\"\" by Randy Travis and \"\"When You Say Nothing at All\"\" by Keith Whitley. United States President George H. W. Bush also commissioned Schlitz to write a theme song for his \"\"Points of Light\"\" program. This song, \"\"Point of Light\"\", was a No. 3 country hit for Travis in 1991. Schlitz also worked with Kenny Rogers again in 1998.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12741656",
"chunk_text": "\"Grietje Terburg Rowley\"\nand Ether 12:27. It teaches that if one humbles themselves, their prayers are answered, and they will ultimately return to the presence of the Heavenly Father. Below is a concise list of the songs composed by Rowley. Grietje Terburg Rowley Elizabeth Grietje Terburg Rowley (1927–2015) was a Latter-day Saint hymnwriter. Born in Florida, she later moved to Hawaii, to teach, and then to Salt Lake City, Utah. She wrote several hymns for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), among which, “Be Thou Humble”. Rowley was born Elizabeth Grietje Terburg in Homestead, Florida, in a family of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4102178",
"chunk_text": "\"Honesty (Billy Joel song)\"\nHonesty (Billy Joel song) \"\"Honesty\"\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Billy Joel. Columbia Records released the song as the third single from his sixth studio album \"\"52nd Street\"\" (1978) in 1979. \"\"Honesty\"\" was solely written by Joel, while production was handled by Phil Ramone. The song was not included on any of Joel's US-released compilation packages; however, it appears on the Dutch and Japanese editions of \"\"Greatest Hits Volume 2\"\", replacing \"\"Don't Ask Me Why\"\" (1980). \"\"Honesty\"\" is a piano ballad that talks about the inherent lack of shame. The song received mostly positive reviews from music",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12817374",
"chunk_text": "\"Lionel Bart\"\nAndy Williams), \"\"Big Time\"\" (a 1961 cover by Jack Jones of his \"\"Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be\"\" show tune), \"\"Easy Going Me\"\" by Adam Faith, \"\"Always You And Me\"\" by Russ Conway, and several songs recorded by Tommy Steele (\"\"Handful of Songs\"\", \"\"Butterfingers\"\" and \"\"Little White Bull\"\"). By the mid 1960s he was as well known for his outlandish lifestyle, his celebrity friends, his excesses, and his parties as he was for his work. He was born Lionel Begleiter, the youngest of seven surviving children of Galician Jews, Yetta (née Darumstundler) and Morris Begleiter, a master tailor. He grew",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1466148",
"chunk_text": "\"Benedictus (Strawbs song)\"\nBenedictus (Strawbs song) \"\"Benedictus\"\" is a song by English band Strawbs featured on their 1972 album \"\"Grave New World\"\". After the departure of Rick Wakeman, band leader Dave Cousins consulted the I Ching asking what to do next. The answer from the coins, \"\"Humble must he constant be, where the paths of wisdom lead, distant is the shadow of the setting sun\"\", forms part of the first two lines of the lyrics of the song. Unusually for a rock song, the instrumental break is performed using a dulcimer played through a fuzz box. The resulting sound is often mistaken for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17691994",
"chunk_text": "\"John Ellison\"\nJohn Ellison John Ellison (born 11 August 1941) is an American/Canadian musician, best known for writing the song \"\"Some Kind of Wonderful.\"\" He was born in Montgomery, West Virginia, and was raised in Landgraff, West Virginia, a small, poverty-stricken coal mining village near Welch, West Virginia, and is a dual citizen of the United States and Canada, receiving his Canadian citizenship in 2006. In the mid-1960s, Ellison traveled to Rochester, New York, where he met the original members of the Soul Brothers Five, becoming the sixth member and prompting the band to change its name to the Soul Brothers Six.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5278636",
"chunk_text": "\"Jim Neversink\"\nand bands as Lou Reed, The Beach Boys, The Band, Hank Williams, Emmylou Harris, Harry Nilsson, The Beatles, The Flying Burrito Brothers, Gram Parsons and Slim Whitman. The song \"\"Always Dreaming of You\"\" (off \"\"Jim Neversink\"\") contains a reference to Slim Whitman and quotes his hit \"\"Rose Marie\"\". The word \"\"Shakey\"\" in the title of his second album is, partly, a reference to Neil Young's pseudonym, Bernard Shakey. Jim Neversink Jim Neversink (born Michael James Whitehead; 16 June 1969) is a South African musician, singer and songwriter. His musical style spans over indie rock, country, americana and punk. He is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_929
|
what is the time setting of game of thrones?
|
n/a
|
[
"medieval"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "18656728",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\npremiering in April 2019. Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs. The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne. The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne. The third story arc centers on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
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"chunk_id": "18656735",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nAccording to David Benioff, the series is \"\"about adapting the series as a whole and following the map George laid out for us and hitting the major milestones, but not necessarily each of the stops along the way\"\". The novels and their adaptations base aspects of their settings, characters, and plot on events in European history. Most of Westeros is reminiscent of high medieval Europe, from lands and cultures, to the palace intrigue, feudal system, castles, and knightly tournaments. A principal inspiration for the novels is the English Wars of the Roses (1455–85) between the houses of Lancaster and York,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18656727",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nGame of Thrones Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. It is an adaptation of \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\". It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in Northern Ireland, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Scotland, Spain, and the United States. The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017. The series will conclude with its eighth season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20083130",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nin the pilot, playing a character described as \"\"a charismatic socialite hiding a dark secret.\"\" Game of Thrones Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. It is an adaptation of \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\". It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in Northern Ireland, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Scotland, Spain, and the United States. The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18656731",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nSydow have also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for their performances. \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" is roughly based on the storylines of \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\", set in the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros and the continent of Essos. The series chronicles the violent dynastic struggles among the realm's noble families for the Iron Throne, while other families fight for independence from it. It opens with additional threats in the icy North and Essos in the east. Showrunner David Benioff jokingly suggested \"\"\"\"The Sopranos\"\" in Middle-earth\"\" as \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" tagline, referring to its intrigue-filled plot and dark tone",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11196260",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 2)\"\n19, 2011, which began filming in July 2011, primarily in Ireland, Northern Ireland, Croatia and Iceland. The story takes place in a fictional world, primarily upon a continent called Westeros, with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos. Like the novel, the season follows the dramatic death of Lord Eddard \"\"Ned\"\" Stark, with all of the Starks being separated across Westeros. Season two mainly centres around the War of the Five Kings, fought between the leaders of Westerosi factions who are either staking a claim on the Iron Throne, or seeking independence from it. \"\"Game",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4445471",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 1)\"\nGame of Thrones (season 1) The first season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" premiered on HBO on April 17, 2011 in the U.S., and concluded on June 19, 2011. It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 55 minutes. The series is based on \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", the first novel in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series by George R. R. Martin, adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO had ordered a television pilot in November 2008; filming began the following year. However, it was deemed unsatisfactory and later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11110087",
"chunk_text": "\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\n\"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos. The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to 31 characters by the fifth novel. Three main stories interweave: a dynastic war among several families for control of Westeros, the rising threat of the supernatural Others in the northernmost reaches of Westeros, and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the deposed king's exiled daughter, to assume the Iron Throne. Martin's inspirations included the Wars of the Roses and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14217875",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 3)\"\nBenioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO renewed the series for a third season on April 10, 2012, nine days after the second season's premiere. Production began in July 2012. The show was filmed primarily in Ireland, Northern Ireland, Croatia, Iceland and Morocco. The story takes place in a fictional world, primarily upon a continent called Westeros, with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos. Like the novel, the season follows the climactic battle at Kings Landing. Season three like the previous season mainly centers around the war of the five kings; after the death of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14026385",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones title sequence\"\nGame of Thrones title sequence The title sequence of the HBO fantasy television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" introduces every episode and changes depending on the locations visited in that particular episode. The title sequence was created by Elastic for HBO, and is accompanied by a theme tune composed by Ramin Djawadi. The sequence depicts a three-dimensional map of the series' fictional world, projected onto a concave earth, and lit by a small sun contained within an armilla that metaphorically depicts major events in the history of the fictional world at the sphere's center. As the camera swoops across the map",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11110182",
"chunk_text": "\"World of A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nWorld of A Song of Ice and Fire The fictional world in which the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" novels by George R. R. Martin take place is divided into several continents, known collectively as The Known World. Most of the story takes place on the continent of Westeros and in a large political entity known as the Seven Kingdoms. Those kingdoms are spread across nine regions: the North, the Iron Islands, the Riverlands, the Vale, the Westerlands, the Stormlands, the Reach, the Crownlands, and Dorne. A massive wall of ice and old magic separates the Seven Kingdoms from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3336460",
"chunk_text": "\"A Game of Thrones\"\nin July 2011. In the novel, recounting events from various points of view, Martin introduces the plot-lines of the noble houses of Westeros, the Wall, and the Targaryens. The novel has inspired several spin-off works, including several games. It is also the namesake and basis for the first season of \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", an HBO television series that premiered in April 2011. A March 2013 paperback TV tie-in re-edition was also titled \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", excluding the indefinite article \"\"A\"\". \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\" follows three principal storylines simultaneously. At the beginning of the story, Lord Eddard \"\"Ned\"\" Stark executes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20083129",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nbefore the events of \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Notable events of that period include the foundation of powerful Houses, the Long Night when the White Walkers first descended upon Westeros, and the Andal Invasion when the Andals invaded from Essos and conquered most of Westeros. Writing in a blog post in June 2018, Martin suggested \"\"The Long Night\"\" as a title for the upcoming series, and revealed that the filming location, the cast and the director for the pilot episode were yet to be determined. In October 2018, it was announced that Naomi Watts had been cast as the female lead",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18656732",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nin a fantasy setting of magic and dragons. In a 2012 study of deaths per episode, it ranked second out of 40 recent U.S. TV drama series (with an average of 14). The series is generally praised for what is perceived as a sort of medieval realism. George R.R. Martin set out to make the story feel more like historical fiction than contemporary fantasy, with less emphasis on magic and sorcery and more on battles, political intrigue, and the characters, believing that magic should be used moderately in the epic fantasy genre. Martin has stated that \"\"the true horrors of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18656772",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\n\"\"Game of Thrones\"\" estimated to be responsible for half of its annual increase over many years, had led to concerns on \"\"over-tourism\"\" and its mayor to impose limits on tourist number in the city. \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" is broadcast by HBO in the United States and by its local subsidiaries or other pay television services in other countries, at the same time as in the U.S. or weeks (or months) later. The series' broadcast in China on CCTV, begun in 2014, was heavily edited to remove scenes of sex and violence in accordance with a Chinese practice of censoring Western",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11196259",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 2)\"\nGame of Thrones (season 2) The second season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" premiered in the United States on HBO on April 1, 2012, and concluded on June 3, 2012. It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes. The season mostly covers the events of \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", the second novel of the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series by George R. R. Martin, adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered the second season on April",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11110089",
"chunk_text": "\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\n47 languages. The fourth and fifth volumes reached the top of \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller lists upon their releases. Among the many derived works are several prequel novellas, a TV series, a comic book adaptation, and several card, board, and video games. \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" takes place in a fictional world in which seasons last for years and end unpredictably. Nearly three centuries before the events of the first novel, the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros were united under the Targaryen dynasty by Aegon I and his sister wives Visenya and Rhaenys, establishing military supremacy through",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18656820",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nspinoffs in the traditional sense. He ruled out Robert's Rebellion (the overthrow of Daenerys's father by Robert Baratheon) as a possible idea, and revealed that some may be set outside Westeros. On June 8, 2018, HBO commissioned a pilot to a \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" prequel series from Goldman as showrunner and Martin as co-creator. Regarding the other four projects, HBO president of programming Casey Bloys said that some of them have been abandoned completely, while some remain as possibilities for the future. The accepted prequel will take place in the Age of Heroes, a period that begins roughly 10,000 years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14026387",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones title sequence\"\non the sequence. In 2017, James Charisma of \"\"Paste\"\" ranked the show's opening sequence No. 10 on a list of \"\"The 75 Best TV Title Sequences of All Time\"\". The title sequence consists of a three-dimensional map of the world, with the continents of Westeros and Essos located on the inner surface of a sphere. The maps used are those of Westeros and Essos that precede the novels in the book series. At the center of the sphere is a Copernican (heliocentric) armillary sphere (spherical astrolabe). The details of the title sequence change each week depending on the locations visited,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14034162",
"chunk_text": "\"Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire\"\ntakes place primarily on a continent called Westeros, but also on another continent to the east, known as Essos. The style varies to fit each character and their setting; Daenerys's exotic realm may appear more colorful and fanciful than Westeros, which is more closely based on the familiar medieval history of Europe. Martin was intentionally vague with the size of the \"\"Ice and Fire\"\" world, omitting a scale on the maps to discourage prediction of travel lengths based on measured distances, though the continent of Westeros may be considered of the size of South America. Complete world maps are deliberately",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13873160",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 4)\"\nis adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered the fourth season on April 2, 2013, which began filming in July 2013. The season was filmed primarily in Ireland, Northern Ireland and Croatia. The story takes place in a fictional world, primarily upon a continent called Westeros, with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos. Like the novel, the season like the previous seasons mainly centres around the war of the five kings; after the death of Robb Stark at The Red Wedding, all three remaining kings in Westeros believe to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12662894",
"chunk_text": "\"Kit Harington\"\nfilmed in Iceland and Northern Ireland. The series was renewed for a seventh season, which premiered on 16 July 2017, and will conclude with its eighth season in April 2019. \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos and chronicles the power struggles among noble families as they fight for control of the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms. Jon Snow is introduced as the illegitimate son of Ned Stark, the honorable lord of Winterfell, an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros. Harington has received praise for his performance. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14026388",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones title sequence\"\nand new locations may be added in each season. The sequence of every episode opens with a close-up of the sun and the astrolabe surrounding it. Relief depictions of the fictional's world's history are visible on the astrolabe, such as the Doom of Valyria and Aegon's Conquest, which appear at varying points in the sequence. The camera then pans to different parts of the map, on which different locations in the fictional world are shown. Many of the cities and buildings on these locations appear out of the ground using clockwork mechanisms. Other elements such as the weirwood tree at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16979041",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 1)\"\nreshot with some roles being recast. In March 2010, HBO ordered the first season, which began filming in July 2010, primarily in Belfast, Northern Ireland, with additional filming in Malta. The story takes place in a fictional world, primarily upon a continent called Westeros, with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos. Like the novel, the season initially focuses on the family of nobleman Eddard Stark, who is asked to become chief advisor to his king and longtime friend, Robert Baratheon. Ned must find out who killed the previous Hand of the King, Jon Arryn,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18957546",
"chunk_text": "\"The Sons of the Dragon\"\n2012 anthology \"\"Down These Strange Streets\"\". The Sons of the Dragon The Sons of the Dragon is a novella by George R. R. Martin, set in the fictional land of Westeros, the setting of Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series. The story commences about 270 years before the start of \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\" (1996). It portrays the death of Aegon I, known as \"\"Aegon the Conqueror\"\", and his two sons Aenys I, his successor to the throne, and Maegor I \"\"the Cruel\"\", in their respective successions to the throne thereafter, and the conflicts faced between them. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11110188",
"chunk_text": "\"World of A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nCities\"\", \"\"Slaver's Bay\"\", \"\"The Dothraki Sea\"\", \"\"King's Landing\"\", \"\"Braavos\"\", and \"\"Journeys\"\". The latter tracks the paths taken by the novels' characters. The story takes place primarily on a continent called Westeros, which is roughly the size of South America. The continent is home to the Seven Kingdoms and lands beyond the great Wall, which makes up a large chunk of Westeros, being roughly the size of Canada, with most of it largely unmapped and unexplored. At the novel's beginning, the majority of Westeros is united under the rule of a king, with each of nine regions controlled by a different",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13058461",
"chunk_text": "\"The Wheel of Time\"\npast and the distant future Earth. The series depicts fictional, ancient mythology that references modern Earth history, while events in the series prefigure real Earth myths. The series takes place about three thousand years after \"\"The Breaking of the World\"\", a global cataclysm that ended the \"\"Age of Legends\"\", a highly advanced era. Throughout most of the series, the world's technology and institutions are comparable to those of the Renaissance, but with greater equality for women; some cultures are matriarchal. Events later in the series prompt advances similar to the Industrial Revolution. The main setting for the series is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14034163",
"chunk_text": "\"Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nnot made available so that readers may better identify with people of the real Middle Ages who were unaware of distant places. As each new book has added one or two maps, readers may be able to piece together a world map by the end of the series. The fictional history of Westeros stretches back some twelve thousand years. The \"\"Ice and Fire\"\" story can be considered to be set in a post-magic world where people no longer believe in dragons and the Others. The characters understand only the natural aspects of their world, but the magical elements like the",
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "18957542",
"chunk_text": "\"The Sons of the Dragon\"\nThe Sons of the Dragon The Sons of the Dragon is a novella by George R. R. Martin, set in the fictional land of Westeros, the setting of Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series. The story commences about 270 years before the start of \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\" (1996). It portrays the death of Aegon I, known as \"\"Aegon the Conqueror\"\", and his two sons Aenys I, his successor to the throne, and Maegor I \"\"the Cruel\"\", in their respective successions to the throne thereafter, and the conflicts faced between them. The story concludes with the death of",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "12643815",
"chunk_text": "\"Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nand Fire\"\" takes place in a fictional world, primarily on a continent called Westeros, and additionally on a large landmass to the east, known as Essos. Three main story lines become increasingly interwoven: a dynastic civil war for control of Westeros among several competing families; the rising threat of the Others, who dwell beyond the immense wall of ice that forms Westeros's northern border; and the ambitions of Daenerys Targaryen, exiled daughter of the deposed king, to return to Westeros and claim her throne. Martin has said he believes in \"\"judicious use of magic\"\" in epic fantasy. \"\"I wanted to",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "11394538",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones title sequence\"\nThrones\"\"-style costumes. The Wall is replaced by the monolithic \"\"Couch\"\" at the end of the sequence. The title sequence won a Creative Arts Emmy Award on September 10, 2011. Game of Thrones title sequence The title sequence of the HBO fantasy television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" introduces every episode and changes depending on the locations visited in that particular episode. The title sequence was created by Elastic for HBO, and is accompanied by a theme tune composed by Ramin Djawadi. The sequence depicts a three-dimensional map of the series' fictional world, projected onto a concave earth, and lit by a",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nGame of Thrones\"\" () by series writer Bryan Cogman, was published on September 27, 2012. The 192-page book, illustrated with concept art and behind-the-scenes photographs, covers the creation of the series' first two seasons and its principal characters and families. \"\"After the Thrones\"\" is a live aftershow in which hosts Andy Greenwald and Chris Ryan discuss episodes of the series. It airs on HBO Now the Monday after each sixth-season episode. The Game of Thrones Live Concert Experience, a 28-city orchestral tour which will perform the series' soundtrack with composer Ramin Djawadi, is scheduled to begin February 15, 2017 in",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"World of A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nScotland. The climate is cold overall, with hard winters and mild snows common regardless of season. The region's northern border is the New Gift, which is a stretch of land 50 leagues wide and in possession of the Night's Watch. An isthmus of swampland named The Neck separates the North from the South. It is home to small, marsh-dwelling crannogmen and is ruled by House Reed of Greywater Watch, bannermen of House Stark. The Neck's narrowness, difficult terrain, and almost impenetrable Moat Cailin help protect the North from invasion. The city of White Harbor is a thriving port. Illegitimate children",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"World of A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nold kings of the North, known as the Kings of Winter, were in power. They ruled before Aegon the Conqueror and the arrival of the Andals before that. To depict Winterfell, both the pilot and season 1 of the television adaptation used the 16th century clock tower and ancient courtyard of the Clearsky Adventure Centre located at Castle Ward in County Down, Northern Ireland. Doune Castle in Stirling, Scotland, which previously featured as Castle Anthrax in the film \"\"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\"\", was also used for exterior scenes. Saintfield Estates stood in as Winterfell's godswood, which is an",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "3336459",
"chunk_text": "\"A Game of Thrones\"\nA Game of Thrones A Game of Thrones is the first novel in \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\", a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin. It was first published on August 1, 1996. The novel won the 1997 Locus Award and was nominated for both the 1997 Nebula Award and the 1997 World Fantasy Award. The novella \"\"Blood of the Dragon\"\", comprising the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel, won the 1997 Hugo Award for Best Novella. In January 2011 the novel became a \"\"New York Times\"\" Bestseller and reached #1 on the list",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "21004586",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 7)\"\nGame of Thrones (season 7) The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven. Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series, while also incorporating material Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "18656766",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nfocusing on the locations of the episode's events, clockwork mechanisms intertwine and allow buildings and other structures to emerge from the map. Accompanied by the title music, the names of the principal cast and creative staff appear. The sequence concludes after about 90 seconds with the title card and brief opening credits indicating the episode's writer(s) and director. Its composition changes as the story progresses, with new locations replacing those featuring less prominently or not at all. The music for the series was composed by Ramin Djawadi. The first season's soundtrack, written in about ten weeks before the premiere, was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12643814",
"chunk_text": "\"Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nThemes in A Song of Ice and Fire \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" is an ongoing series of epic fantasy novels by American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin. The first installment of the series, \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", which was originally planned as a trilogy, was published in 1996. The series now consists of five published volumes, and two more volumes are planned. The series is told in the third-person through the eyes of a number of point of view characters. A television series adaptation, \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", premiered on HBO in 2011. \"\"A Song of Ice",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14217874",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 3)\"\nGame of Thrones (season 3) The third season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" premiered in the United States on HBO on March 31, 2013, and concluded on June 9, 2013. It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes. The season is based roughly on the first half of \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (the third of the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" novels by George R. R. Martin, of which the series is an adaptation). The series is adapted for television by David",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13857941",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 5)\"\nGame of Thrones (season 5) The fifth season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" premiered on HBO on April 12, and concluded on June 14, 2015. It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes. The season primarily adapts material from \"\"A Feast for Crows\"\" and \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\", the fourth and fifth novels in George R. R. Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series, though it also uses elements from the third novel, \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\", as well as the upcoming",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16504753",
"chunk_text": "\"Winter Is Coming\"\nWinter Is Coming \"\"Winter Is Coming\"\" is the first episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". It was written by the show creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, in a faithful adaptation of the first chapters of George R. R. Martin's book \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\". The episode was directed by Tim Van Patten, redoing the work done by director Tom McCarthy in an unaired pilot. As the first episode of the series, it introduces the setting and the main characters of the show. The episode centers on the Stark family, and how its lord,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "11110272",
"chunk_text": "\"World of A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nby the Shivering Sea. To the south, across the Summer Sea, lies the uncharted jungle continent of Sothoryos. Much of the fictional history of Essos relates to Valyria, a city located on a peninsula in southern Essos and the origin of House Targaryen before the destruction of the Valyrian Empire in an unspecified cataclysm. After the destruction of Valyria, the cities of Astapor, Yunkai, and Meereen regained independence and ruled their respective areas as city-states. The area is known in the books as Slaver's Bay. Across the narrow sea on the western side of Essos lie the nine Free Cities,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12643819",
"chunk_text": "\"Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nand Fire\"\" story future lies sixteen years in the fictional past of which each volume reveals more. Events planned from the beginning are foreshadowed, although Martin heeds story developments to not be predictable. The viewpoint characters, who serve as unreliable narrators, may clarify or provide different perspectives on past events. What the readers believe to be true may therefore not necessarily be true. Martin intentionally avoids most overt fantasy elements in \"\"Ice and Fire\"\", preferring to instead have \"\"carefully rationed magic\"\". He set the \"\"Ice and Fire\"\" story in an alternate version of Earth or a \"\"secondary world\"\". The story",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15711234",
"chunk_text": "\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\nthe Middle Ages served as a model for Daenerys' sexual activity at the age of 13 in the books. The novels also allude to the incestuous practices in the Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt to keep their bloodlines pure. Martin provides a variety of female characters to explore the place of women in a patriarchal society. Writing all characters as human beings with the same basic needs, dreams, and influences, his female characters are to cover the same wide spectrum of human traits as the males. \"\"Science Fiction Weekly\"\" stated in 2000 that \"\"few would dispute that Martin's most monumental",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11196287",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 2)\"\nthe mythology of Westeros and Essos. The second season of \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" was the most-pirated TV series in 2012. Game of Thrones (season 2) The second season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" premiered in the United States on HBO on April 1, 2012, and concluded on June 3, 2012. It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States, consisting of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes. The season mostly covers the events of \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", the second novel of the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series by George",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14026389",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones title sequence\"\nWinterfell and the Horse Gate at Vaes Dothrak are also added at the various locations. The locations shown varies depending on the locations visited in that particular episode, and three or four variations of the title sequence are shown in each season. However, due to the limitation on time for the title sequence, no more than 6 locations may be shown in any episode. Also because of their importance in the show, every episode features King's Landing, Winterfell, The Wall and wherever Daenerys may be regardless of whether any of these locations are featured in that episode. The sigils of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19555706",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nthe individual novels; this enables them to move events across novels, according to screen-adaptation requirements. Principal photography for the first season was scheduled to begin on July 26, 2010, and the primary location was the Paint Hall Studios in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Exterior scenes in Northern Ireland were filmed at Sandy Brae in the Mourne Mountains (standing in for Vaes Dothrak), Castle Ward (Winterfell), Saintfield Estates (the Winterfell godswood), Tollymore Forest (outdoor scenes), Cairncastle (the execution site), the Magheramorne quarry (Castle Black) and Shane's Castle (the tourney grounds). Doune Castle in Stirling, Scotland, was also used in the original pilot",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9647646",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones (season 6)\"\nGame of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" premiered on HBO on April 24, 2016, and concluded on June 26, 2016. It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 50–60 minutes long, largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series. Some story elements were derived from the novels and from information Martin revealed to the show-runners. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered the season on April 8, 2014, together with the fifth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4043077",
"chunk_text": "\"A Game of Thrones (role-playing game)\"\nA Game of Thrones (role-playing game) A Game of Thrones is a role-playing game produced by Guardians of Order based on the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" fantasy series by George R. R. Martin. The game is designed to be usable with two RPG systems: the d20 System and the Tri-Stat dX system. Two editions were made: a serial-numbered edition limited to 2500 copies, ; and a standard edition, . The limited edition is faux-leather bound with silver gilt pages and includes rules for both systems, and includes an interview with Martin. The standard edition contains only the d20",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18656729",
"chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nthe longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm. \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" has attracted record viewership on HBO and has a broad, active, international fan base. It has been acclaimed by critics, particularly for its acting, complex characters, story, scope, and production values, although its frequent use of nudity and violence (including sexual violence) has been criticized. The series has received 47 Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series in 2015, 2016, and 2018, more than any other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_930
|
where does arsenic and old lace take place?
|
n/a
|
[
"Brooklyn, New York"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "13420684",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nroles from the 1941 stage production. Hull and Adair both received an eight-week leave of absence from the stage production that was still running, but Karloff did not as he was an investor in the stage production and its main draw. The entire film was shot within those eight weeks. The film cost just over $1.2 million of a $2 million budget to produce. The Brewster family of Brooklyn, New York, is descended from \"\"Mayflower\"\" settlers. Several illustrious forebears' portraits line the walls of the ancestral home. Mortimer Brewster (Cary Grant), a writer who has repeatedly denounced marriage as \"\"an",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14967272",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Lace (comics)\"\nOld Lace (comics) Old Lace (often nicknamed as OL) is a superheroine fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Old Lace appears in the Hulu television series \"\"Runaways\"\" which is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Old Lace was created by Brian K. Vaughan and artist Adrian Alphona and debuted attacking the other characters in \"\"Runaways\"\" vol. 1 #2. Old Lace was given her name by Gertrude Yorkes after she had taken the code name Arsenic, making the pair Arsenic and Old Lace, which is a reference to a movie of the same name. Old Lace",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7656500",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Lace (comics)\"\non Friday, April 10. Old Lace (comics) Old Lace (often nicknamed as OL) is a superheroine fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Old Lace appears in the Hulu television series \"\"Runaways\"\" which is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Old Lace was created by Brian K. Vaughan and artist Adrian Alphona and debuted attacking the other characters in \"\"Runaways\"\" vol. 1 #2. Old Lace was given her name by Gertrude Yorkes after she had taken the code name Arsenic, making the pair Arsenic and Old Lace, which is a reference to a movie of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
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"chunk_id": "4155416",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\nreview in \"\"The New York Times\"\", the play was \"\"so funny that none of us will ever forget it.\"\" The play is a farcical black comedy revolving around the Brewster family, descended from the \"\"Mayflower\"\" settlers, but now composed of insane homicidal maniacs. The hero, Mortimer Brewster, is a drama critic who must deal with his crazy, homicidal family and local police in Brooklyn, New York, as he debates whether to go through with his recent promise to marry the woman he loves, Elaine Harper, who lives next door and is the daughter of the local minister. His family includes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4155415",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\nArsenic and Old Lace (play) Arsenic and Old Lace is a play by American playwright Joseph Kesselring, written in 1939. It has become best known through the subsequent film adaptation starring Cary Grant and directed by Frank Capra. The play was directed by Bretaigne Windust, and opened on Broadway at the Fulton Theatre on January 10, 1941. On September 25, 1943, the play moved to the Hudson Theatre. It closed there on June 17, 1944, having played 1,444 performances. Of the twelve plays written by Kesselring, \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\" was the most successful, and, according to the opening night",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
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"chunk_id": "11598570",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nTeddy's commitment papers, and Teddy is safely consigned to an institution. His aunts insist upon joining him. Abby and Martha inform Mortimer that he is not a Brewster after all: his mother was the family cook and his father had been a chef on a steamship. Relieved, he lustily kisses Elaine and whisks her off to their honeymoon while yelling, \"\"Charge!\"\". The play was written by Joseph Kesselring, son of German immigrants and a former professor at Bethel College, a pacifist Mennonite college. It was written in the antiwar atmosphere of the late 1930s. Capra scholar Matthew C. Gunter argues",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6317528",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\nin the Brewster sisters' living room, where the action of the play is set. The Goerz House is now the home of the college president. Bethel College was a school of the pacifist Mennonite church. The play appeared at a time of strong isolationist sentiment regarding European affairs. The \"\"murderous old lady\"\" plot line may also have been inspired by actual events that occurred in a house on Prospect St in Windsor, Connecticut, where a woman, Amy Archer-Gilligan, took in boarders, promising \"\"lifetime care\"\", and poisoned them for their pensions. M. William Phelps book \"\"The Devil's Rooming House\"\" tells the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13420685",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nold fashioned superstition\"\", falls in love with Elaine Harper (Priscilla Lane), the minister's daughter who grew up next door to him. On Halloween day, Mortimer and Elaine marry. Elaine goes to her father's house to pack for the honeymoon and Mortimer returns to Abby (Josephine Hull) and Martha (Jean Adair), the aunts who raised him in the old family home. Mortimer's brother, Teddy (John Alexander), who believes he is Theodore Roosevelt, resides with them. Each time Teddy goes upstairs, he yells \"\"Charge!\"\" and takes the stairs at a run, imitating Roosevelt's famous charge up San Juan Hill. Searching for the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_id": "396514",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\nCarole Cook, and Michael Stever. A recent revival was mounted in February 2011 at the Dallas Theater Center starring Betty Buckley and Tovah Feldshuh. A Hebrew version was staged at the Habima Theatre in Tel Aviv with the opening night on October 29, 2012, with Lea Koenig and Dvora Kaydar in the main roles. On November 19, 2016, Independent Theatre Pakistan opened their new season with a rendition of the performance at Ali Auditorium in Lahore, Pakistan. Arsenic and Old Lace (play) Arsenic and Old Lace is a play by American playwright Joseph Kesselring, written in 1939. It has become",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6316583",
"chunk_text": "\"Joseph Kesselring\"\nJoseph Kesselring Joseph Otto Kesselring (July 21, 1902 – November 5, 1967) was an American playwright who was best known for writing \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\", a hit on Broadway from 1939 to 1944 and in other countries as well. He was born in New York City to Henry and Frances Kesselring. His father's parents were immigrants from Germany. His mother was an English Canadian. Kesselring spent much of his life in and around the theater. In 1922, he began teaching vocal music and directed stage productions at Bethel College, a Mennonite school in North Newton, Kansas. After two years,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13420686",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nnotes for his next book, Mortimer finds a corpse hidden in the window seat. He assumes in horror that Teddy's delusions have led him to murder. Abby and Martha cheerfully explain that they are responsible, that they minister to lonely old bachelors by ending their \"\"suffering\"\". They post a \"\"Room for Rent\"\" sign to attract a victim, then serve a cup of elderberry wine spiked with arsenic, strychnine and \"\"just a pinch of cyanide\"\" while getting acquainted. The bodies are buried in the basement by Teddy, who believes they are yellow fever victims who perished in the building of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14967275",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Lace (comics)\"\na girl that they had witnessed their parents sacrificing. Old Lace has a telepathic bond with Gert. This lets her feel each other's thoughts and pain, and allows Old Lace to act on Gert's emotions. Old Lace got her name from Gert Yorkes, who had temporarily been using \"\"Arsenic\"\" as her codename (essentially making the pair Arsenic and Old Lace, after the play and film of the same name). Though Gertrude later dropped the codename after deciding that some things from her parents (such as her real name) were worth keeping, Old Lace's name stuck. During their final encounter with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
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"chunk_id": "396513",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\nthe role of Jonathan Brewster with box office returns reflecting better sales than when Boris Karloff traveled through the same cities. In 1965, Sybil Thorndike, Athene Seyler and Richard Briers appeared in the play in London. The play is still widely performed and has been translated into many languages, including a Russian film. A Broadway revival of the play ran from June 26, 1986, to January 3, 1987, at the 46th Street Theatre in New York, starring Polly Holliday, Jean Stapleton, Tony Roberts and Abe Vigoda. It was revived again in 1998 with an Oklahoma based production starring Betty Garrett,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6317527",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\nnow looks like horror-film actor Boris Karloff (a self-referential joke, as the part was originally played on Broadway by Karloff). The film adaptation follows the same basic plot, with a few minor changes. August Strindberg is referenced by the character Mortimer Brewster when he compares the stories of his eccentric, and frequently murderous and disturbed, family as being as if \"\"...Strindberg wrote \"\"Hellzapoppin'\"\".\"\" The opening night cast consisted of: When Kesselring taught at Bethel College in North Newton, Kansas, he lived in a boarding house called the Goerz House, and many of the features of its living room are reflected",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14190195",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nArsenic and Old Lace (film) Arsenic and Old Lace is a 1944 American dark comedy film directed by Frank Capra, starring Cary Grant, and based on Joseph Kesselring's play \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\". The script adaptation was by Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein. Capra actually filmed the movie in 1941 because of star Cary Grant's availability, but it was not released until 1944, after the original stage version had finished its run on Broadway. The lead role of Mortimer Brewster was originally intended for Bob Hope, but he could not be released from his contract with Paramount Pictures.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_id": "6317526",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\ntwo spinster aunts who have taken to murdering lonely old men by poisoning them with a glass of home-made elderberry wine laced with arsenic, strychnine, and \"\"just a pinch\"\" of cyanide; a brother who believes he is Theodore Roosevelt and digs locks for the Panama Canal in the cellar of the Brewster home (which then serve as graves for the aunts' victims; he thinks that they died of yellow fever); and a murderous brother who has received plastic surgery performed by an alcoholic accomplice, Dr. Einstein (a character based on real-life gangland surgeon Joseph Moran) to conceal his identity, and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nCapra had also approached Jack Benny and Ronald Reagan before learning that Grant would accept the role. Boris Karloff played Jonathan Brewster, who \"\"looks like Karloff,\"\" on the Broadway stage, but he was unable to do the film as well because he was still appearing in the play during filming, and Raymond Massey took his place. The film's supporting cast also features Priscilla Lane, Jack Carson, Edward Everett Horton and Peter Lorre. Josephine Hull and Jean Adair portray the Brewster sisters, Abby and Martha, respectively. Hull and Adair, as well as John Alexander (who played Teddy Brewster), were reprising their",
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "2409281",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic & Old Lace\"\nArsenic & Old Lace Arsenic & Old Lace is a 1962 television film directed by George Schaefer and starring Tony Randall. It first aired during season 11 of the NBC anthology series \"\"Hallmark Hall of Fame\"\". It is an adaptation of Joseph Kesselring's 1939 play \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\". Boris Karloff reprised his role as Jonathan Brewster (who is described by the other characters as resembling the \"\"Frankenstein\"\" star), which he had originated on Broadway. He had been unable to appear in Frank Capra's 1944 film due to a scheduling conflict, but had played Jonathan on television once before, in",
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"chunk_id": "11598573",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nto Warner Bros records the film earned $2,836,000 domestically and $1,948,000 foreign. \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\" was adapted as a radio play for the November 25, 1946, broadcast of \"\"The Screen Guild Theater\"\" with Boris Karloff and Eddie Albert, and the January 25, 1948, broadcast of the \"\"Ford Theatre\"\". Explanatory notes Citations Bibliography Arsenic and Old Lace (film) Arsenic and Old Lace is a 1944 American dark comedy film directed by Frank Capra, starring Cary Grant, and based on Joseph Kesselring's play \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\". The script adaptation was by Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein. Capra actually",
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},
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"chunk_id": "12542207",
"chunk_text": "\"Lavender and Old Lace\"\nbecause she never leaves her house. Ruth is immediately taken with Miss Ainslie’s saintly demeanor and quickly forms a friendship with her. Ruth, who has resisted the urge to pillage her aunt’s love letters, unwittingly stumbles onto a partial letter, which states, \"\"At Gibraltar for some time, keeping a shop, but will probably be found now in some small town on the coast of Italy. Very truly yours\"\". The signature has been torn. Ruth's solitude is broken by Carl Winfield, a fellow journalist, who is staying in town at the suggestion of their mutual boss. She recognizes him as the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "13420688",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nleave on their honeymoon but is concerned about Mortimer's increasingly odd behavior as he frantically attempts to control the situation. He tries unsuccessfully to alert the bumbling police to Jonathan's presence. To draw attention away from his aunts and deprive them of their willing but uncomprehending accomplice, Mortimer tries to file paperwork to have Teddy legally committed to a mental asylum. Worrying that the genetic predisposition for mental illness resides within him (\"\"Insanity runs in my family; it practically gallops.\"\"), Mortimer explains to Elaine that he can't remain married to her. Eventually Jonathan is arrested, Einstein flees after having signed",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11217373",
"chunk_text": "\"Sophie and the Rising Sun\"\n\"\"Sophie and the Rising Sun\"\" takes place in a small fictional town called Salty Creek, Georgia, in the days before the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The story focuses on the main character Sophie, a single spinster who has spent the majority of her adult life caring for her aging mother and two elderly aunts, who suffer from dementia. Sophie's mother is controlling during her childhood and early adult years, refusing to allow Sophie to date, telling her \"\"Nothing lasts, so no use in getting started with it.\"\" Some speculation over her past love affair with a man who had died",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8357531",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Rose and Silver\"\nOld Rose and Silver Old Rose and Silver is a novel by Myrtle Reed first published in 1909. The novel follows the lives of Rose and her widowed Aunt, Madame Francesca Bernard, along with young visitor and cousin Isabel, whose lives are changed by the return of an old friend and neighbour Colonel Kent, and his grown son, Allison. Other characters that help shape their lives in significant ways are the Crosby twins, unconventional and uninhibited youths that set society at naught, and an unconventional doctor who specializes in the impossible. Through the limited \"\"wide-scope\"\" descriptions the reader is not",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2615646",
"chunk_text": "\"Gertrude Yorkes\"\nevery command. Clueing a holographic message featuring Gert's parents and the fact her basement is full of rare antiques, the Runaways conclude Gert's parents are actually time travellers. After running off, Gert takes the name Arsenic and dubs her dinosaur Old Lace, a reference to the film of the same name. While the other members take codenames to be more like superheroes, Gert takes her name to cut all ties to her parents and former life. Later she and the other Runaways decide to use their real names again, but Old Lace continues with her codename, since she did not",
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"chunk_id": "13420687",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nPanama Canal. While Mortimer digests this information, his brother Jonathan (Raymond Massey) arrives with his alcoholic accomplice, plastic surgeon Dr. Hermann Einstein (Peter Lorre). Jonathan is a serial murderer trying to escape from the police and dispose of his latest victim. Jonathan's face, altered by Einstein while drunk, resembles Boris Karloff's Frankenstein monster makeup. Jonathan learns his aunts' secret and proposes to bury his victim in the cellar. Abby and Martha object vehemently because their victims were \"\"nice\"\" gentlemen while Jonathan's victim is a stranger and a \"\"foreigner\"\". Jonathan also declares his intention to kill Mortimer. Elaine is impatient to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4954275",
"chunk_text": "\"Akron (2015 film)\"\nat a campgrounds where they consummate their love with all the tenderness of young love. Matters become complicated, however, when Christopher's mother Carol discovers who Benny is while the couple visit her home in Jacksonville. Against Christopher's wishes, she makes a heartfelt confession regarding her involvement in Davey's death, causing a distraught Benny to insist on going home to Ohio. Benny briefly breaks up with Christopher twice, while quarreling with his family over his relationship. The young couple finally reconcile for good, and attend a local stage production of Arsenic and Old Lace, in which Benny's sister Becca has a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12542204",
"chunk_text": "\"Lavender and Old Lace\"\nLavender and Old Lace Lavender and Old Lace is an Edwardian romance novel written by Myrtle Reed and published in September 1902. It tells the story of some remarkable women, each of whom has a unique experience with love. The book follows in Reed’s long history of inciting laughter and tears in her readers through provocative prose. She was often witty in dialogue and dispensing in advice, while gingerly skirting any moral issues. Miss Jane Hathaway is an astute pillar of a quaint coastal community, where her house sets atop a hill. She has long overcome the scandal created by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2409282",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic & Old Lace\"\na 1955 adaptation for the CBS anthology series \"\"The Best of Broadway\"\". Arsenic & Old Lace Arsenic & Old Lace is a 1962 television film directed by George Schaefer and starring Tony Randall. It first aired during season 11 of the NBC anthology series \"\"Hallmark Hall of Fame\"\". It is an adaptation of Joseph Kesselring's 1939 play \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\". Boris Karloff reprised his role as Jonathan Brewster (who is described by the other characters as resembling the \"\"Frankenstein\"\" star), which he had originated on Broadway. He had been unable to appear in Frank Capra's 1944 film due to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "6317529",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\nstory of the police officers and reporters from the \"\"Hartford Courant\"\" who solved the case. Kesselring originally conceived the play as a heavy drama, but it is widely believed that producers Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse (who were also well known as play doctors) convinced Kesselring that it would be much more effective as a comedy. On January 5, 1955, a 60-minute version of the play aired on the CBS Television series \"\"The Best of Broadway\"\". It starred Boris Karloff recreating his stage role as homicidal maniac Jonathan Brewster. Helen Hayes and Billie Burke played his not-so-innocent aunts, Abby and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16712102",
"chunk_text": "\"Victor Sutherland\"\nVictor Sutherland Victor Sutherland (February 28, 1889 – August 29, 1968) was an American stage, film, and television actor. Born in Paducah, Kentucky, Sutherland worked on stage and in motion pictures from the 1910s through the 1950s, when he also acted on television, including several episodes of \"\"Perry Mason\"\". He was also in the original cast of the 1939 hit play \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\". At age 19, Sutherland acted in a production of \"\"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde\"\" for 25 weeks. Sutherland made films for Fox Film Corporation, among other studios, and he acted in stock theater. On October",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "16712104",
"chunk_text": "\"Victor Sutherland\"\nthird wife Linda Sutherland, and his daughter Anne and four grandchildren. Victor Sutherland Victor Sutherland (February 28, 1889 – August 29, 1968) was an American stage, film, and television actor. Born in Paducah, Kentucky, Sutherland worked on stage and in motion pictures from the 1910s through the 1950s, when he also acted on television, including several episodes of \"\"Perry Mason\"\". He was also in the original cast of the 1939 hit play \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\". At age 19, Sutherland acted in a production of \"\"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde\"\" for 25 weeks. Sutherland made films for Fox Film Corporation,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "3628710",
"chunk_text": "\"Joseph Kesselring\"\nhit. \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\" appeared at a time of strong isolationist sentiment regarding European affairs, of the sort that was very strong at where Kesselring sent to college. The play suggested that the elite running America had a murderous heritage. Kesselring lived in a college house that would later be the basis of the set of \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\", and locals have tried to identify who were some of the character models he used. Kesselring was an Episcopalian who did not fit in well with the straight-laced college. He dropped out of college in 1924. Kesselring died on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "396512",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\nOur Cellar\"\" to Stickney when she was starring opposite her husband Howard Lindsay on Broadway in \"\"Life With Father\"\" with a view to her playing Abby Brewster. It would be 23 years before she would finally play the part. Tony Randall played Mortimer in the Hallmark production and Tom Bosley played Teddy. In 1969, Robert Scheerer directed a TV version for \"\"ABC Movie of the Week\"\", with Helen Hayes and Lillian Gish as the elderly aunts, Bob Crane as Mortimer, Fred Gwynne as Jonathan and David Wayne as Teddy. Later revivals in the 1940s and 1950s had Bela Lugosi playing",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "5106278",
"chunk_text": "\"White Anglo-Saxon Protestant\"\nbetween WASP families and urban Jewish families for potential comedic effect. The 1939 Broadway play \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\", later adapted into a Hollywood film released in 1944, ridiculed the old American elite. The play and film depict \"\"old-stock British Americans\"\" a decade before they were tagged as WASPS. The playwright A. R. Gurney (1930-2017), himself of WASP heritage, has written a series of plays that have been called \"\"penetratingly witty studies of the WASP ascendancy in retreat.\"\" Gurney told the \"\"Washington Post\"\" in 1982: In Gurney's play \"\"The Cocktail Hour\"\" (1988), a lead character tells her playwright son that",
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"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5846474",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Music and the Slave Women\"\nand the Slave Women\"\" takes place three years after an uprising of slaves takes place. Le Guin stated that the story was inspired by a visit to a large plantation in Charleston, South Carolina, that had used slave labor. The garden, house, and haunted ground in the story were inspired by what Le Guin referred to as a \"\"beautiful, terrible place.\"\" Sohikelwenyanmurkeres Esdan serves as the chief of intelligence for the embassy of the Ekumen to Werel. During a civil war on the planet, the government cuts the embassy off from access to the outside world. Esdan is clandestinely approached",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
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"chunk_id": "6317530",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (play)\"\nMartha. Peter Lorre and Edward Everett Horton repeated their roles as Dr. Einstein and Mr. Witherspoon which they had played in Frank Capra's film version. John Alexander, who created the role of Teddy Brewster on Broadway and reprised it in the film version, returned once more to play the role in the broadcast. Orson Bean played the role of Mortimer Brewster. Karloff played Jonathan once more (and for the last time) on the February 5, 1962 broadcast of NBC's \"\"Hallmark Hall of Fame\"\". Dorothy Stickney and Mildred Natwick played Abby and Martha. Joseph Kesselring sent his original play \"\"Bodies in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "1750084",
"chunk_text": "\"The Lace Reader\"\nThe Lace Reader The Lace Reader (2006) is a novel by Brunonia Barry. The novel is set in Salem, Massachusetts, the American town famous for the Salem witch trials. The novel came to be well known for its unusual route to mainstream publishing. Originally self-published by the author it became a local success story, got rave reviews in many places including \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\", and was eventually picked up by the US branch of HarperCollins in a multimillion-dollar deal. It soon became a New York Times bestseller and is currently under option for a film. Rumoured casting includes Rachel McAdams as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "16423985",
"chunk_text": "\"Big Stone Gap (film)\"\nthe house too, which leads to Aunt Alice yelling racist comments about Pearl. The crowd chases Aunt Alice away, chimes in their dislike of her, many mentioning their own Melungeon blood. Ave learns from Sweet Sue that she has reconciled with her husband during Ave's \"\"mental collapse.\"\" Jack gives Ave a book about the town in the Italian Alps where her father lives. Ave leaves her Cadillac in Aunt Alice’s front yard, with a note and the keys. Ave's last day in Big Stone Gap, Theodore takes her to the Outdoor Theater, where all her friends are gathered on stage.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "995179",
"chunk_text": "\"Allyn Joslyn\"\nHollywood Hills of Los Angeles. Allyn Joslyn Allyn Joslyn (July 21, 1901 – January 21, 1981) was an American stage, radio, television and film actor, known for his roles playing aristocratic wealthy snobs. Allyn Joslyn was born in Milford, Pennsylvania, the son of a mining engineer. On stage from age 17, Joslyn scored as a leading man in such Broadway productions as \"\"Boy Meets Girl\"\" (1936) and \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\" (1941), appearing in the latter as beleaguered theatrical critic Mortimer Brewster. However, Hollywood didn't see Joslyn as a leading type. Thus, he spent most of his film career playing",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "8258386",
"chunk_text": "\"Windsor, Connecticut\"\naccident, a three-track-wide plate girder bridge was installed to carry tracks over Palisado Avenue n Windsor Center. The Joseph Kesselring stage play and Frank Capra movie \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\" was inspired by actual events that took place in a three-story brick house on Prospect Street, just off the north end of the Windsor green. Sixty men died between 1907 and 1917 while in the care of Amy Archer-Gilligan. Most were proven to be victims of arsenic poisoning. On historic Palisado Avenue, one can find the First Church in Windsor, Congregational, and adjacent graveyard. Across the street on the Palisado",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12378263",
"chunk_text": "\"Ruth McDevitt\"\nRuth McDevitt Ruth McDevitt (September 13, 1895 – May 27, 1976) was an American stage, film, radio and television actress. She was born Ruth Thane Shoecraft in Coldwater, Michigan. After attending the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, she married Patrick McDevitt and decided to devote her time to her marriage. After her husband's death in 1934, she returned to acting. She performed on Broadway, in particular understudying and succeeding Josephine Hull in \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\" and \"\"The Solid Gold Cadillac\"\". She also worked as a radio actor. McDevitt was a familiar face on television during the 1950s, 1960s, and",
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"page_id": 40
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3869873",
"chunk_text": "\"Angel of mercy (criminology)\"\npatients. A number of medical murderers were involved in fraud. For example, H. H. Holmes was often involved in insurance scams and confidence tricks. Harold Shipman had a previous conviction for prescription fraud and forgery, for which he was fined £600. More known \"\"Angels of Death\"\" include: For others, see . The two spinster aunts in Joseph Kesselring's play \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\" act as angels of mercy for lonely old men, poisoning them with elderberry wine laced with arsenic, strychnine and cyanide. The character Annie Wilkes in the Stephen King novel \"\"Misery\"\" seems to be a serial killer of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11598571",
"chunk_text": "\"Arsenic and Old Lace (film)\"\nthat the deep theme of the play and film is the conflict in American history between the liberty to do anything (which the Brewsters demand), and America's bloody hidden past. The contemporary critical reviews were uniformly positive. \"\"The New York Times\"\" critic summed up the majority view, \"\"As a whole, \"\"Arsenic and Old Lace\"\", the Warner picture which came to the Strand yesterday, is good macabre fun.\"\" \"\"Variety\"\" declared, \"\"Capra's production, not elaborate, captures the color and spirit of the play, while the able writing team of Julius J. and Philip G. Epstein has turned in a very workable, tightly-compressed",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "15524527",
"chunk_text": "\"Lavender and Old Lace\"\nroving eye, she fires Hepsey and sends Ruth away, using her honeymoon as an excuse. Hepsey's and Joe's wedding is immediately put forth. Ruth, on the other hand, isn’t ready to rush into marriage. She heads for Miss Ainslie’s house instead. There, she knows, she will be comfortable for the duration of her holiday. Linens, china, and furniture make up the wedding gifts. While Ruth is staying with Miss Ainslie, the woman makes changes to her will, leaving everything to Ruth and Carl. Both insist they would rather have her, Carl especially. Strangely, Miss Ainslie and Carl share a dream",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16184023",
"chunk_text": "\"Oldtown Folks\"\ncome into the care of the nice Mrs. Smith. However her husband, Caleb (Old Crab) Smith, is a very unhappy man and decides they needed to be put to work immediately and separated. He intends to keep the boy as a field hand, and Tina is taken in by Caleb’s sister, Miss Asphyxia. The children are treated so harshly that they run away with the help of Miss Asphyxia's hired help, Sol. They are told to walk to the neighboring Oldtown. On the way they spend a night in the reportedly haunted Dench Mansion on the outskirts of Oldtown where",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10371426",
"chunk_text": "\"Witch's Dungeon Classic Movie Museum\"\nWitch's Dungeon Classic Movie Museum The Witch's Dungeon Classic Movie Museum in Bristol, Connecticut is a collection of figures of classic movie monsters. The museum is owned by Bristol-native Cortlandt Hull. Cortlandt is the great nephew of film actor Henry Hull. Josephine Hull, well known for her role in the classic film and stage play Arsenic and Old Lace, is also a relative. In 1966, Cortlandt's father helped him build the Swiss chalet-style building to house the museum. Cortlandt built life-size figures of classic movie monsters that were made of wax, fine wire mesh, papier-mache and polymers. The figures were",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15524526",
"chunk_text": "\"Lavender and Old Lace\"\nwoman! Not trusting the \"\"heathen laws\"\" with which she was married, Aunt Jane rushes to put forth a Christian union with one priest and two witnesses, Ruth and Carl. The bridegroom, James Ball, is anything but thrilled. He has lived a long sailor’s life and enjoyed his bachelor days no end. He also fancies younger women – like Ruth and Hepsey! To his credit, he is there upon his word, having proposed to Miss Hathaway 30 years ago! It turns out that he was the purpose of her trip to Italy. When Aunt Jane, now Mrs. Ball, discovers her husband’s",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2615648",
"chunk_text": "\"Gertrude Yorkes\"\nshares a passionate kiss after he awakens; it's generally accepted that Chase and Gert become a couple at this point. After the battle, the government is forced to admit the Runaways are not murderers, but innocent victims. Gert is sent to live in a boarding school while the Avengers detain Old Lace in a secret holding facility in LA itself. A few months later, she runs away from the school to join up with her friends and, with Chase's assistance, frees Old Lace. She joins the cadre in the Leapfrog, an old Pride land/sea transport also confiscated by the Avengers,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7645382",
"chunk_text": "\"The Lace Reader\"\nwere ultimately rescued from their plight by male heros. Unsatisfied, I wondered if I could write a Hero’s Journey for women where the strong but wounded heroine must find a way to save herself. The Lace Reader The Lace Reader (2006) is a novel by Brunonia Barry. The novel is set in Salem, Massachusetts, the American town famous for the Salem witch trials. The novel came to be well known for its unusual route to mainstream publishing. Originally self-published by the author it became a local success story, got rave reviews in many places including \"\"Publishers Weekly\"\", and was eventually",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8471738",
"chunk_text": "\"Lace (miniseries)\"\nthe best line in television history by \"\"TV Guide\"\" in its 1993 issue celebrating 40 years of television. The story opens circa 1980 at an abandoned chateau in the Swiss Alps, once a prestigious boarding school, L'Hirondelle. Internationally famous film siren, Lili, travels from there to a private meeting with the elderly Hortense Boutin, whom Lili knows was paying money on behalf of one of the school's students to a family which adopted the student's illegitimate child. Lili is the child, now grown up. The story flashes back to 1960, introducing schoolgirls Pagan Trelawney, Judy Hale, and Maxine Pascal. Each",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_931
|
what is the second book in the alchemyst series?
|
n/a
|
[
"The Magician"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5680262",
"chunk_text": "\"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nThe Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel (often shortened to The Alchemyst) is a fantasy novel and the first installment in the six part book series, \"\"The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\". It was written by Irish author Michael Scott and published in May 2007. \"\"The Alchemyst\"\" has been printed in 20 languages and is available in 37 countries. The film rights to the series have been sold to Lorenzo di Bonaventura. The \"\"Alchemyst\"\" refers to the historical character of Nicholas Flamel, a French scrivener and manuscript seller.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5680263",
"chunk_text": "\"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nFlamel developed a posthumous reputation for being an alchemist and for his search for the philosopher's stone and immortality. Sophie and Josh Newman are 15-year-old twins who are working at their summer jobs in The Coffee Cup in San Francisco (Sophie works at The Coffee Cup, Josh works at the bookstore on the other side of the street) when a mysterious man, John Dee, comes into the bookstore for a book, the \"\"Codex\"\" – or \"\"Book of Abraham the Mage\"\". Josh witnesses both Nick and Perry using magic. He discovers that Nick is not an ordinary bookseller, but is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12191376",
"chunk_text": "\"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nbook \"\"\"\" was released on 26 May 2009 in the US and the fourth book was released on 25 June 2009 in the UK \"\"\"\" followed with its US release on 25 May 2010. The fifth book, \"\"\"\" was released on 24 May 2011 in America. The final book in the series,\"\"\"\", was released 24 May 2012. The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel (often shortened to The Alchemyst) is a fantasy novel and the first installment in the six part book series, \"\"The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nall the dead in a nearby cemetery alive and they start to attack them, Josh hits Dee with their Hummer, distracting Dee long enough to escape with Scathach, Sophie and Nicholas Flamel by using a leygate (a teleportation device where two or more lines of energy, ley lines, cross each other) to go to Paris which is Nicholas Flamel's old home. The book ends when Dee surprises them. On 5 August 2010 in the UK, \"\"The Alchemyst\"\", was re-released featuring an alternate cover. \"\"The Alchemyst\"\" was released as part of a special edition boxed 3 book set called \"\"The First",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\n\"\"Variety Magazine\"\" that Lorenzo di Bonaventura had bought the film rights to the series. Michael Scott and Barry Krost will be the executive producers. The script writer has yet to be announced. On 20 June 2012 it was announced that the Australian company AMPCO Films had optioned the film. Michael Scott will write the screenplay. Production is due to start in early 2013 and filming will take place in Australia and New Zealand. The series continues in the sequel \"\"\"\" which was released in the UK on 5 June 2008 and on 24 June 2008 in the US. The third",
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"chunk_id": "5616731",
"chunk_text": "\"Septimus Heap\"\ndiscovers his magic powers and a legendary ring while at Zelda's. Marcia is imprisoned in DomDaniel's boat, \"\"Vengeance\"\", and nearly dies, but is rescued by Boy 412, Jenna and Nicko after they find a flying Dragon Boat in a secret cavern by Zelda´s cottage where Jenna finds a beautiful stone. At the end of the novel, Boy 412 is revealed to be Septimus, and his family hears of his past. The second book, \"\"Flyte\"\" (published in March 2006), begins with Septimus (now the apprentice to ExtraOrdinary Wizard Marcia Overstrand) witnessing the kidnapping of Jenna by her older brother Simon Heap.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Warriors (novel series)\"\nClan leaders decide that ShadowClan should take one kit and ThunderClan should take the other. ThunderClan takes Twigkit and ShadowClan takes Violetkit. The second book, \"\"Thunder and Shadow,\"\" was released on 6 September 2016. It follows Twigkit and Violetkit's lives in ThunderClan and ShadowClan. The two kits struggle to find their place in their respective Clans, and feel lonely. However, Alderpaw and Needlepaw befriend the kits, and even arrange for them to meet in secret between the two Clans' borders. The Clan cats discover that the rogues from \"\"A Vision of Shadows\"\" followed the quest cats to the lake, and",
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"chunk_id": "3113355",
"chunk_text": "\"Brimstone (Skinner novel)\"\nanachronism, as Brand didn’t discover phosphorus until 1669, slightly after the period implied (but unspecified) by the story. All the herbs mentioned in the book, such as burdock, goosefoot, masterwort, woundwort, dragon's blood and poppy juice, were used by medieval healers for the same (and other) purposes as in the story. Brimstone (Skinner novel) Brimstone is the title of the first book in the alchemy-themed Earth, Air, Fire and Water series by British author Alan Skinner. It was published in 2010. Before \"\"Brimstone\"\", Skinner had published the first two books in The Land's Tale series, \"\"Blue Fire and Ice\"\" and",
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"chunk_id": "3863625",
"chunk_text": "\"The Charnel Prince\"\nof antiquity, and his son Pharamond, serves to reinforce the cultural reference. The Charnel Prince The Charnel Prince is a fantasy novel by Greg Keyes. It is a sequel to \"\"The Briar King\"\" and the second book of The Kingdoms of Thorn and Bone. In this sequel to \"\"The Briar King\"\", Anne, her maid Austra, and her protectors Cazio and z'Acatto are working to earn passage by sea to her home in Eslen, while trying to keep a low profile. Anne and Austra experience further trials with their friendship and Anne learns more about her destiny and undergoes a transformation",
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"chunk_text": "\"Septimus Heap\"\nback to normal. The seventh and final novel, \"\"Fyre\"\" (published in April 2013), sees the cast featuring the toughest challenges yet as Septimus nears the end of his ExtraOrdinary Wizard training. When the darke wizards in the two faced ring,Shamandrigger Saarn and Dramindonnor Naarn escape and Inhabit Silas Heap's brothers Ernold and Edmund they try to destroy Marcellous Pye's Alchemical Fyre but they are defeated and returned to the two faced ring which is then destroyed in the Fyre. \"\"\"\" (published in June 2009) is a supplement to the series in a full-colour larger format with illustrations by Mark Zug.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Mana Khemia 2: Fall of Alchemy\"\nMana Khemia 2: Fall of Alchemy Mana Khemia 2: Fall of Alchemy (マナケミア2 〜おちた学園と錬金術士たち〜 Mana Khemia 2 ~Ochita Gakuen to Renkinjutsushi-tachi~ \"\"lit. Mana Khemia 2 ~The Fallen Academy and the Alchemists~\"\") is a role-playing video game developed by Japanese developer Gust Co. Ltd. for the PlayStation 2. A \"\"Portable+\"\" version for PlayStation Portable was released on 1 October 2009 (Japan only). The game is the direct sequel to \"\"\"\", as well as the tenth installment to the \"\"Atelier\"\" series. \"\"Mana Khemia 2\"\" is classified as a console role-playing video game and is a direct sequel to \"\"\"\" also created by",
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"chunk_text": "\"Brimstone (Skinner novel)\"\nBrimstone (Skinner novel) Brimstone is the title of the first book in the alchemy-themed Earth, Air, Fire and Water series by British author Alan Skinner. It was published in 2010. Before \"\"Brimstone\"\", Skinner had published the first two books in The Land's Tale series, \"\"Blue Fire and Ice\"\" and \"\"Furnaces of Forge\"\". Like \"\"Brimstone\"\", these are aimed at the young adult market. Skinner claims that he decided to write \"\"Brimstone\"\" because he was \"\"quite fed up with young adult books about wizards, witches, werewolves and vampires.\"\" It was time for a book that dealt with the other end of the",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nCodex\"\" in the US on 28 September 2010. \"\"The Alchemyst\"\" is also available as an unabridged audiobook. It was released by the Listening Library on 22 May 2007 and narrated by Denis O'Hare. The audiobook ISBN numbers are: (UK), (US). The first related online game to be launched was \"\"The Codex Master\"\". The object is to get money and guess a secret code composed of a sequence of coloured orbs by inputting various sequences and using logic. When a sequence is entered, indicators show when the player has the right colour and also when a colour is in the right",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Kane Chronicles\"\nhunted by the House of Life, the world's governing body of Egyptian magicians, as a result. Carter and Sadie learn that the god Set plans to destroy the North American continent using their father's power, and they embark on a quest to save him and prove their innocence and good intentions to the House. The second book in the series, \"\"The Throne of Fire\"\", was released on May 4, 2011. The book takes place roughly three months after the events of the first book, \"\"The Red Pyramid\"\". Carter and Sadie Kane have recruited several students to follow the path of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alchemy (novel)\"\nAlchemy (novel) Alchemy (released in 2004) is a novel for older children by the New Zealand author Margaret Mahy. Roland, a 7th former who has been caught shoplifting, is given an unusual assignment: to spy on a mysterious girl in his class who is studying alchemy. Jess Ferret is an eccentric girl who likes playing with words. However, an enemy from the boy's past wants the girl's power and is using him for information. Roland eventually finds out that he is not unlike Jess and her abilities, but gets them both into a situation which endangers their lives. \"\"Alchemy\"\" has",
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"chunk_id": "3863616",
"chunk_text": "\"The Charnel Prince\"\nThe Charnel Prince The Charnel Prince is a fantasy novel by Greg Keyes. It is a sequel to \"\"The Briar King\"\" and the second book of The Kingdoms of Thorn and Bone. In this sequel to \"\"The Briar King\"\", Anne, her maid Austra, and her protectors Cazio and z'Acatto are working to earn passage by sea to her home in Eslen, while trying to keep a low profile. Anne and Austra experience further trials with their friendship and Anne learns more about her destiny and undergoes a transformation into a mature and powerful adult. Sir Neil, against his wishes, and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Gordon Dahlquist\"\nnotable critical acclaim. Dahlquist was reportedly paid an advance of $2,000,000 for \"\"The Glass Books of the Dream Eaters\"\", the first of a two-book deal. Its sales were disappointing and it is estimated to have lost its publisher, Bantam, approximately $851,500. The sequel to \"\"The Glass Books of the Dream Eaters\"\", \"\"The Dark Volume\"\", was published in the UK by Penguin on May 1, 2008, and March 24, 2009 in the United States. A third volume, \"\"The Chemickal Marriage\"\" was published in July 2012. A young adult novel, \"\"The Different Girl\"\" was published in 2013. In 2015 he received the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Leven Thumps\"\nProper Etiquette for Well-mannered Sycophants\"\" which is Clover's handbook from when he was in school. Obert Skye happened to come across it. Sadly this happened because Clover dropped the book in reality. A sequel series, titled \"\"Beyond Foo\"\", has been announced and is set to be a trilogy taking place shortly after \"\"Leven Thumps and the Ruins of Alder\"\". The first book, \"\"Geth and the Return of the Lithens\"\", was released on May 9, 2011; and the second book, \"\"Geth and the Deception of Dreams\"\", was released on September 10, 2012. As of December 2018, there has been no word",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nin the US. , the translation rights have been purchased by 37 countries and the books have been translated into 20 languages. Each of the first four titles featured in the top ten of the New York Times Best Seller Children's Books list. \"\"The Alchemyst\"\" reached No. 2 on 26 August 2007 and as of 24 March 2008 it had sold in excess of 150,000 copies. \"\"\"\" reached No. 4 on 13 July 2008. \"\"\"\" reached No. 5, and \"\"\"\" reached No. 3. The books have been nominated for various teen literary and reader's awards. The film rights to the",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nmagical potential. Dee discovers this, and enlists the aid of Bastet and the Morrigan. The trio mount a massive assault on Hekate's shadowrealm, to destroy Yggdrasill – the world tree – that is the heart of Hekate's power. While Yggdrasill is attacked, Hekate awakens Sophie's magic abilities but does not have time to awaken Josh, as the tree has been set on fire by Dee. While she rushes to defend her home, Scathach, Flamel, and the twins attempt to escape the shadowrealm. While escaping, they encounter Dee and witness the power of the ancient Ice Elemental sword, Excalibur. They see",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nthey do not retrieve the \"\"Codex\"\", Dee will summon the Dark Elders to destroy the world and return to an age in which humans are but slaves and food. Flamel quickly takes Sophie and Josh to a hideout to enlist the aid of Scathach, a powerful Next Generation Elder. There, they are forced to run, threatened by rats sent by Dee, which is thwarted by Flamel and Scathach. Chased again almost immediately by tens of thousands of birds, Flamel then leads the twins and Scathach to secure the aid of Hekate, a powerful three-faced Elder, who can awaken the twins'",
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"chunk_text": "\"Jennifer Rowe\"\ngirl, Britta, who wants to be a trader like her father and sail the nine seas. The first book, \"\"Shadows of the Master\"\", was released on August 1, 2015, the second book, \"\"Two Moons\"\", on November 1, 2015, the third book, \"\"The Towers of Illica\"\", on April 1, 2016, and the fourth and final book, \"\"The Hungry Isle\"\", on September 1, 2016. A children's fantasy novel written by Emily Rodda titled \"\"The Shop at Hooper's Bend\"\" was released on August 7, 2017 by HarperCollins Australia, and on July 27, 2018 a children's fantasy novel titled \"\"His Name Was Walter\"\" was",
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"chunk_text": "\"Scott Meyer (author)\"\nthe website. \"\"Magic 2.0\"\" is a comic fantasy series of books written by Scott Meyer. The series so far consists of five novels, “Off to Be the Wizard”, “Spell or High Water”, “An Unwelcome Quest”, “Fight and Flight”, and “Out of Spite, Out of Mind” which were published by publisher 47North. The series follows Martin Banks, a programmer from 2012, who uses a computer file that allows him to alter reality to time travel to medieval England where he joins a community of other computer programmers posing as wizards. The first 4 books are also available as unabridged audiobooks on",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Book of Dust\"\nthe trilogy addresses consciousness: \"\"Perhaps the oldest philosophical question of all: are we matter? Or are we spirit and matter? What is consciousness if there is no spirit? Questions like that are of perennial fascination and they haven’t been solved yet, thank goodness.” The first book, \"\"La Belle Sauvage,\"\" was published on 19 October 2017. Set around twelve years before the \"\"His Dark Materials\"\" trilogy, the story follows 11-year-old Malcolm Polstead and his dæmon Asta, and a village girl named Alice and her dæmon Ben, who become the protectors of the infant Lyra Belacqua and her dæmon, Pantalaimon, in their",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Fire Chronicle\"\nThe Fire Chronicle The Fire Chronicle is an adventure and fantasy novel written by John Stephens. The book was released on October 9, 2012. It is the second book of the trilogy, and the sequel of \"\"The Emerald Atlas\"\". After the tumultuous events of last winter, protagonists Kate, Michael, and Emma long to continue the hunt for their missing parents. But they are soon discovered by their enemies, and a frantic chase sends Kate a hundred years into the past, where the various non-human sapients (Dwarves, Elves, Giants, Dragons, Trolls, etc.) are in preparation to create a parallel reality in",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nthe Greco-Roman, Egyptian, Norse and Celtic mythologies and historical characters from the Elizabethan, Renaissance, Egyptian and Gilded eras. He plotted the whole series to such an intricate level that his plot script is currently in excess of 80,000 words, equivalent to a book itself, and that he knew in 2009 what the last words to the series would be. Nicholas Flamel – The title character, an alchemyst. Along with his wife, Perenelle, he has lived for nearly 700 years searching for Josh and Sophie Newman, the Gold and Silver twins of legend, who can save the Shadowrealm of Earth from",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Fire Chronicle\"\nthat Emma has been kidnapped by Rourke, one of the Dire Magnus's most trusted subordinates. The Fire Chronicle The Fire Chronicle is an adventure and fantasy novel written by John Stephens. The book was released on October 9, 2012. It is the second book of the trilogy, and the sequel of \"\"The Emerald Atlas\"\". After the tumultuous events of last winter, protagonists Kate, Michael, and Emma long to continue the hunt for their missing parents. But they are soon discovered by their enemies, and a frantic chase sends Kate a hundred years into the past, where the various non-human sapients",
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"chunk_text": "\"Greg Weisman\"\nnot picked up, Weisman bought the property back to turn it into a series of novels. The first book, also titled \"\"Rain of the Ghosts\"\", came out in 2013. The second book, \"\"Spirits of Ash and Foam\"\", followed in 2014. Weisman has announced that the third book will be titled \"\"Masque of Bones\"\", and in 2015, he released a full-cast unabridged AudioPlay based on \"\"Rain of the Ghosts\"\" after successfully crowdfunding the project through Kickstarter. In 2016, Weisman released a children's novel in the \"\"World of Warcraft\"\" universe entitled \"\"World of Warcraft: Traveler\"\", with a sequel in the works. Greg",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Book of Dust\"\ncanoe, \"\"La Belle Sauvage\"\", after a flood. Malcolm forms a friendship with alethiometer specialist Hannah Relf, allied with the secret freedom-seeking organisation Oakley Street, and is drawn into their fight against the growing strength of the Magesterium, which has learned of a prophecy concerning Lyra. Malcolm and Alice are pursued by the maniacal villain Gerard Bonneville, an ally of the Consistorial Court of Discipline (CCD), as they struggle to reach London and Lyra's father Lord Asriel, in order to gain the protection of Jordan College for the baby.. The second book, \"\"The Secret Commonwealth\"\", begins with Lyra as a 20-year-old",
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"chunk_text": "\"Vampire Academy\"\nA spin-off series called \"\"Bloodlines\"\" follows several characters from the \"\"Vampire Academy\"\" series and is centered around alchemist, Sydney Sage. The series includes six books. The first book in the series \"\"Bloodlines\"\", was released August 23, 2011. It eventually reached the number two spot on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list in March 2013. It was followed by \"\"The Golden Lily\"\" on June 12, 2012, which debuted at number one on \"\"The New York Times\"\" Best Seller list. The third book, \"\"The Indigo Spell\"\", was released February 12, 2013. The fourth book, \"\"The Fiery Heart\"\", was released on November",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alchemy in art and entertainment\"\npopular in novels such as Paulo Coelho's \"\"The Alchemist\"\" (1988). David Meakin, in his 1995 book \"\"Hermetic Fictions; Alchemy and Irony in the Novel\"\" is unusual in categorizing stories as alchemic even if they do not mention alchemists or alchemy, nor include alchemic allegory or imagery, so long as they include elements which obliquely remind him personally of alchemy. For instance, he considers any book about a writer alchemic, because \"\"writing is a kind of alchemy.\"\" Captain Nemo's submarine the Nautilus is \"\"alchemic\"\" because it is a \"\"hermetically closed cell\"\" (all submarines are airtight, ergo \"\"hermetically closed\"\"). The game from",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alchemy (novel)\"\nsimilar themes to two other books by Mahy, \"\"The Changeover\"\" and \"\"The Haunting\"\". The book won the senior fiction section of the 2003 New Zealand Post Children's Book Awards. Alchemy (novel) Alchemy (released in 2004) is a novel for older children by the New Zealand author Margaret Mahy. Roland, a 7th former who has been caught shoplifting, is given an unusual assignment: to spy on a mysterious girl in his class who is studying alchemy. Jess Ferret is an eccentric girl who likes playing with words. However, an enemy from the boy's past wants the girl's power and is using",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Alchemyst: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel\"\nor wrong position to enable them to apply logic and guess the correct sequence. Film rights for the book were originally sold to New Line Cinema and Mark Burnett Productions. The film is currently in pre-production. This was reported at IMDb. According to \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\", the writer hired to pen the script was Eric Bress, who has written scripts for the television show, \"\"Kyle XY\"\". It was reported that the producer would be Mark Burnett and that he bought the rights to the book in an auction months before it was published. In November 2009 it was announced in",
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"chunk_id": "19816606",
"chunk_text": "\"Torchlight II\"\nTorchlight II Torchlight II is an action role-playing dungeon crawler video game developed by Runic Games, released for Microsoft Windows on September 20, 2012. It is the sequel to \"\"Torchlight\"\", and features peer-to-peer multiplayer support and extended modding capabilities. The game was released for OS X on February 2, 2015, and for Linux on March 4, 2015. \"\"Torchlight II\"\" takes place in a fantasy world where the player character can be any of four classes, each with different skills and abilities. The plot starts with the destruction of the town of Torchlight, at the hands of the Alchemist from the",
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"chunk_id": "4797825",
"chunk_text": "Eldest\nEldest Eldest is the second novel in the \"\"Inheritance Cycle\"\" by Christopher Paolini and the sequel to \"\"Eragon\"\". \"\"Eldest\"\" was first published in hardcover on August 23, 2005, and was released in paperback in September 2006. \"\"Eldest\"\" has been released in an audiobook format, and as an ebook. Like \"\"Eragon\"\", \"\"Eldest\"\" became a New York Times bestseller. A deluxe edition of \"\"Eldest\"\" was released on September 26, 2006, including new information and art by both the illustrator and the author. Other editions of \"\"Eldest\"\" are translated into different languages. \"\"Eldest\"\" begins following several important events in \"\"Eragon\"\". The story is",
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"chunk_id": "7267611",
"chunk_text": "\"The Book of Dust\"\nThe Book of Dust The Book of Dust is an as-yet-uncompleted trilogy of fantasy novels by Philip Pullman, which expands his \"\"His Dark Materials\"\" trilogy. The epic focuses on a battle for free speech and thought against a theocratic totalitarian organisation. The first book, \"\"La Belle Sauvage\"\", was published in October 2017, and is set 12 years before \"\"Northern Lights\"\", the first book of the original trilogy. It describes the 11 year old protagonist Malcolm Polstead's efforts, with a girl named Alice, to protect the baby Lyra Belacqua, the events which left Lyra in the care of Jordan College, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_text": "\"The Secret Series\"\nThe Secret Series The Secret Series is a series of 'secret'-themed adventure novels written by Pseudonymous Bosch, who is suspected to be Raphael Simon. The series centers on three middle school children, Cass, Max-Ernest, and Yo-Yoji, and their adventures as members of the Terces Society (\"\"secret society\"\" spelled backwards), a group that keeps a mysterious Secret from being found out or stolen by the Midnight Sun society. One of the subplots of the series is the alchemists of the Midnight Sun searching for the secret to immortality, and the Terces Society's plans to stop them. The first book in the",
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"chunk_id": "10408133",
"chunk_text": "\"The Emerald Atlas\"\nThe Emerald Atlas The Emerald Atlas is the first novel of the children's fantasy trilogy \"\"The Books of Beginning\"\" by John Stephens. The second book, \"\"The Fire Chronicle\"\", was released in 2012. The book follows orphan siblings Kate, Michael, and Emma who, following a succession of unsuccessful orphanage dwellings, are transferred to the mansion of Dr. Pym, where they find a magical book that grants the power of moving through time. Upon traveling to the past, they happen across a witch who has enslaved the nearby town, Cambridge Falls, in an attempt to find the book, known as the Atlas,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Lord of Souls\"\nLord of Souls Lord of Souls is an English Fantasy novel by Greg Keyes. It is the second of two planned books based on \"\"The Elder Scrolls\"\" series of video games. It was published on September 27, 2011 by Titan Books in the UK, and by Del Rey Books in the US. Like its predecessor \"\"\"\", the novel \"\"Lord of Souls\"\" takes places about 40 years after the events of \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", and some 160 years prior to the events of \"\"\"\". Prince Attrebus carries on with his quest to obtain a magical sword called Umbra, which will be",
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"chunk_id": "7302140",
"chunk_text": "\"The Familiars (novel)\"\nThe Familiars (novel) The Familiars is a series of children's fantasy books written by Adam Jay Epstein and Andrew Jacobson. \"\"The Familiars\"\" is also the title of the first book in the series, featuring familiars, magical animal companions to a wizard or witch. The series consists of 4 books, published between 2010 to 2013 by HarperCollins. Aldwyn is an ordinary alley cat, who accidentally enters a shop while attempting to escape from a bounty hunter named Grimslade. He discovers that it is a shop full of magical animals, who are all prepared to become a wizard's familiar - that is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8697444",
"chunk_text": "\"Elven Star\"\nElven Star Elven Star is the second book in The Death Gate Cycle series written by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman. It was released in 1990. <br> The book covers the reconnaissance of Pryan, by Haplo at the behest of the Lord of the Nexus. Pryan is one of the four elemental worlds in the universe of the series, created by the sundering of the Earth. On steamy Pryan, Realm of Fire, never-ending sunlight and plentiful rain have created a jungle so vast that humans and elves dwell high in the trees and only dwarves live anywhere near the ground.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3986945",
"chunk_text": "Boneland\nBoneland Boneland is a 2012 novel by Alan Garner, a sequel to \"\"The Weirdstone of Brisingamen\"\" and \"\"The Moon of Gomrath\"\". The boy Colin from the earlier novels is now an adult, still living near the top of Alderley Edge but now a Professor working at the nearby Jodrell Bank Observatory. His solitary home is a kit-built hut (\"\"A Bergli\"\") in a quarry. He has a form of amnesia which means he remembers nothing from before the age of 13, including his twin sister and his childhood adventures. He visits a psychotherapist and the gradual uncovering of his past forms",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5335947",
"chunk_text": "\"Galactic Milieu Series\"\nhe lies in his hospital room leads to an evolutionary jump in which Jack discards his physical form and metamorphoses into his final state as a disembodied brain. The second book deals mainly with Dorothea MacDonald on the Scottish world of Caledonia. Dorothea lives with her father and her brother amid several step brothers and sisters. Dorothea's mother and other relatives are killed in an attack by the entity known as Hydra, a “metapsychic entity” that Fury uses as an assassin. Hydra consists of four (formerly five) metapsychics who can mind-meld into a powerful vampiric metaconcert when not leading their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "845789",
"chunk_text": "\"Mana Khemia 2: Fall of Alchemy\"\nincrease the characters' stats. A \"\"Grow Book\"\" requires the player to create items through alchemy to unlock slots containing stat boosts acquirable by distributing AP (Ability Points) gained during battle. Mana Khemia 2 adds another layer to the Grow Book by requiring an Ether Level of 100 (the highest) for an item, weapon, armor, or accessory in order to unlock the third slot for that specific creation, thus encouraging the player to plan out the synthesis before using any ingredients in alchemy. The game is presented as a series of terms at Al-Revis Academy. Each term is made up of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13646413",
"chunk_text": "\"The Trials of Apollo\"\nThe Trials of Apollo The Trials of Apollo is a pentalogy of fantasy adventure and mythological fiction novels written by American author Rick Riordan that collectively form a sequel to the \"\"Heroes of Olympus\"\" series. It is set in the same world as other Riordan tales, and references characters and happenings from earlier series. A supplementary book, \"\"Camp Half-Blood Confidential\"\", has also been released in addition to the main series. The first book in the series, \"\"The Hidden Oracle\"\", was released on May 3, 2016. The second book in the series, \"\"The Dark Prophecy\"\", was released on May 2, 2017.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9937343",
"chunk_text": "\"Semyon Davidovich Kirlian\"\na pension and were provided with a pleasant new apartment and a well-equipped laboratory in Krasnodar. Their first scientific paper on Kirlian photography was published in 1961, in the (Russian) \"\"Journal of Scientific and Applied Photography\"\". Scientific institutions around the Soviet Union were set to work on Kirlian photography in 1962. The first appearance in the US is unknown, but an educational film about Kirlian photography and energy emissions from living things was seen in a Southern California elementary school about 1964. He died in 1978 in Krasnodar, Russia. In Michael Scott's bestselling novel \"\"The Alchemyst\"\", the protagonist, Nicholas Flamel,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14484276",
"chunk_text": "\"Hal Duncan\"\n(by Anna Reszka). Its sequel, \"\"Ink – The Book of All Hours 2\"\", was published in February 2007. Its two parts are linked to the two remaining seasons, winter (entitled \"\"Hinter's Knights\"\") and spring (\"\"Eastern Mourning\"\"), and it continues the narrative (and the style) of the first instalment. The ancient works here referred to are Euripides's \"\"The Bacchae\"\" and the Old Testament. \"\"Ink\"\" has been shortlisted for the 2011 Tähtivaeltaja Awards. \"\"Ink\"\" has been translated into German by Hannes Riffel, Finnish by Nina Saikkonen, French by Florence Dolisi, Spanish by Luis Gallego Tévar and Polish by Anna Reszka. In 2008",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9415583",
"chunk_text": "\"Jenna Heap\"\nthe Marram Marshes, Jenna becomes friends with Boy 412 and begins to learn magic from Marcia. She, along with Boy 412 and Nicko, discover a hidden Dragon-Boat, which she discovers is her legacy, and they use it to save Marcia. At the end of the first book, Jenna learns that Boy 412 is her long-lost adoptive brother, Septimus Heap. The second book, \"\"Flyte\"\", opens with Jenna getting kidnapped by her estranged brother Simon, who takes her to his hideout in the Badlands. Jenna escapes and meets her brothers Septimus and Nicko at the port, but a dark stranger tails her.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19445932",
"chunk_text": "\"The Saga of Recluce\"\nThe Saga of Recluce The Saga of Recluce is a series of fantasy novels written by L. E. Modesitt, Jr.. The initial novel in the series, \"\"The Magic of Recluce\"\" (from which the series derives its name), was published in 1991. The series is still in publication with the latest, \"\"Outcasts of Order\"\", published in June 2018. In 2015 Modesitt stated that the then 20 novels in the \"\"Recluce\"\" series had sold nearly three million copies. The 20 books of the series describe the changing, often confrontational, relationship between the descendants of two technologically advanced cultures, representatives of whom have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16563095",
"chunk_text": "\"The Neutronium Alchemist\"\nThe Neutronium Alchemist The Neutronium Alchemist is a science fiction novel by British writer Peter F. Hamilton, the second book in \"\"The Night's Dawn Trilogy\"\". It follows on from \"\"The Reality Dysfunction\"\" and precedes \"\"The Naked God\"\". It was published in the United Kingdom by Macmillan Publishers on 20 October 1997. The first United States edition, which is broken into two volumes, \"\"Consolidation\"\" and \"\"Conflict\"\", followed in April and May 1998 from Time Warner Books. The second US edition, as a single volume, was published in December 2008 by Orbit Books. This novel, along with others in the series, is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_932
|
bowler to take hattrick in both inning in test match?
|
n/a
|
[
"leg spinner Jimmy Matthews",
"Jimmy Matthews"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2722680",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\ngame in the eighth inning against the Minnesota Twins. A hat-trick occurs in cricket when a bowler dismisses three batsmen with consecutive deliveries. The deliveries may be interrupted by an over bowled by another bowler from the other end of the pitch or the other team's innings, but must be three consecutive deliveries by the individual bowler in the same match. Only wickets attributed to the bowler count towards a hat-trick; run outs do not count. In some countries, especially Australia, four wickets in four balls is sometimes referred to as a double hat-trick on the basis that there are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16117407",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nWarwickshire at Edgbaston in 2014 (all off SG Smith), and Marcus Trescothick for Somerset against Notts in 2018 at Trent Bridge (all off Craig Overton). Interestingly, Trescothick - though more famous as a batsman and only an occasional bowler - has also taken a hat-trick as a bowler, in 1995 against the Young Australians. A hat-trick in darts is a score of three consecutive bullseyes, also known as the \"\"Alan Evans Shot\"\", after Alan Evans scored three bulleyes during a match on numerous occasions. In field hockey and ice hockey, a hat trick occurs when a player scores three goals",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10662267",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\ntwo ways of compiling the three-in-three sequence (i.e. wickets 1,2 and 3 or wickets 2,3 and 4). However, the four successive wickets taken by Lasith Malinga of Sri Lanka in 2007 are recorded as a single hat-trick in the official records. Hat-tricks are rare, and as such are treasured by bowlers. In Test cricket history there have been just 43 hat-tricks, the first achieved by Fred Spofforth for Australia against England in 1879. In 1912, Australian Jimmy Matthews achieved the feat twice in one game against South Africa. The only other players to achieve two hat-tricks are Australia's Hugh Trumble,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16117400",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nplaying for Australia, dismissed Curtly Ambrose with the last ball of his penultimate over and Patrick Patterson with the first ball of his next over, wrapping up the West Indies first innings. When Hughes returned to bowl in the West Indies second innings, he trapped Gordon Greenidge lbw with his first ball, completing a hat-trick over two different innings and becoming the only player in Test cricket history to achieve the three wickets of a hat-trick in three different overs. In 1844, underarm bowler William Clark, playing for \"\"England\"\" against Kent, achieved a hat-trick spread over two innings, dismissing Kent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10662269",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nin total). Taking two wickets in two consecutive deliveries is occasionally known as a brace, or (more commonly, especially until the next delivery has been made) being on a hat-trick. The feat of taking four wickets in four balls has occurred only once in international one-day cricket, in the 2007 World Cup, when Sri Lanka's Lasith Malinga managed the feat against South Africa by dismissing Shaun Pollock, Andrew Hall, Jacques Kallis and Makhaya Ntini, though it has occurred on other occasions in first-class cricket. Kevan James of Hampshire took four wickets in four balls and scored a century in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2722674",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nHat-trick A hat-trick or hat trick is the achievement of a positive feat three times in a game, or another achievement based on the number three. The term first appeared in 1858 in cricket, to describe H. H. Stephenson's taking three wickets with three consecutive deliveries. Fans held a collection for Stephenson, and presented him with a hat bought with the proceeds. The term was used in print for the first time in 1865. The term was eventually adopted by many other sports including hockey, association football, water polo, and team handball. A hat-trick occurs in association football when a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16117404",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nAnother triple hat trick was taken by Hanuman Choudhary when playing for the Cricket Association of Memphis team (CAM) against Wolfpacks in the Arkansas Tennessee Cricket League on 23 October 2016, in the semifinal of India Association of Memphis tournament in Memphis Premier League 3. His five consecutive dismissals helped close the innings from 142–5 to 142 all out. A 'perfect over' of 6 wickets taken with 6 consecutive balls was achieved by Australian Aled Carey on 21 January 2017 while bowling for his club Golden Point against East Ballarat. This very rare quadruple Hat-Trick consisted of 2 catches, an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13387089",
"chunk_text": "\"Sohag Gazi\"\nSohag Gazi Sohag Gazi (born 5 August 1991) is a Bangladeshi international cricketer. He made his Test debut in first test during West Indies's tour of Bangladesh in 2012, taking six wickets in the second innings. He is the first and so far, only man to score a century and take a hat-trick in the same Test match and the first man to do it twice in first-class matches (the thirteenth to do it once). A pacer, he made his first-class debut in January 2001 for Kings XI Punjab against Chittagong, going on to become a regular throughout the 2009/10,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16117401",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nbatsman John Fagge twice within the hat-trick. Fagge batted at number 11 in the first innings and at number 3 in the second. This event is believed to be unique in first-class cricket. For Gloucestershire against Yorkshire in 1922, CWL Parker had a hat-trick that was so nearly five wickets in five balls: he actually struck the stumps with five successive deliveries, but the second was a no-ball. The most involved hat-trick was perhaps when Melbourne club cricketer Stephen Hickman, playing for Power House in March 2002, achieved a hat-trick spread over three overs, two days, two innings, involving the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5673293",
"chunk_text": "\"Peter Loader\"\nPeter Loader Peter James Loader (25 October 1929 – 15 March 2011) was an English cricketer and umpire, who played thirteen Test matches for England. He played for Surrey and Beddington Cricket Club. A whippet-thin fast bowler with a wide range of pace and a nasty bouncer, he took the first post-war Test hat-trick as part of his 6 for 36 against the West Indies at Headingley in 1957. It was only the twelfth hat-trick ever taken in Test cricket, and it was another 38 years before Dominic Cork became the next England bowler to take one. The cricket writer,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10662270",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nsame county game against India in 1996. The Cricinfo report on the game claimed that this was unique in cricket. Nuwan Zoysa of Sri Lanka is the only bowler to achieve a hat-trick off his first three balls in a Test, dismissing Murray Goodwin, Neil Johnson and Trevor Gripper of Zimbabwe. In 2006 Irfan Pathan of India achieved a hat-trick in the first over of the test match, off the last three balls, when dismissing Salman Butt, Younis Khan and Mohammad Yousuf of Pakistan. Chaminda Vaas is the only one to achieve a hat-trick of the very first deliveries in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6267107",
"chunk_text": "\"Test cricket\"\nand their opponents as \"\"Team B\"\". Usually the teams will alternate at the completion of each innings. Thus, Team A will bat (and Team B will bowl) until its innings ends, and then Team B will bat and Team A will bowl. When Team B's innings ends, Team A begin their second innings, and this is followed by Team B's second innings. The winning team is the one that scores more runs in their two innings. A team's innings ends in one of the following ways: If, at the completion of its first innings, Team B's first innings total is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14481310",
"chunk_text": "\"Pairs in Test and first-class cricket\"\nPairs in Test and first-class cricket A \"\"pair\"\" in cricket refers to when a batsman is dismissed for a duck (without scoring) in both innings. It is called a 'king pair' if the batsman gets out for a golden duck [getting out on the first ball he faced] in both innings. The name originates from the two noughts together being thought to resemble a pair of spectacles; the longer form is occasionally used. New Zealand fast bowler Chris Martin has been dismissed without scoring in both innings during seven Test matches, three more than any other player. Five players have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14481311",
"chunk_text": "\"Pairs in Test and first-class cricket\"\nbeen dismissed for four pairs of ducks in Tests. Four are bowlers with no great pretensions towards batsmanship – Bhagwat Chandrasekhar of India, Muttiah Muralitharan of Sri Lanka and West Indians Mervyn Dillon and Courtney Walsh – but the fifth is top order batsman Marvan Atapattu of Sri Lanka. He started his Test career with just one run in six innings – including two pairs – and has bagged two more since. The 14 men who have collected three pairs include Glenn McGrath, Curtly Ambrose and Andrew Flintoff. As of 14 May 2018, 44 batsmen have been dismissed for a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16117403",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nout of reach of Gunbower. In the second innings opener Taylor was joined by Higgins at the fall of the fourth wicket as Hickman returned to the attack. With his first ball, observed by an incredulous Taylor at the non-striker's end, he clean bowled Higgins, leaving Higgins with a pair of golden ducks. A triple hat-trick was achieved by Scott Babot of Wainuiomata Cricket Club playing in the Senior 3 competition in New Zealand in 2008. It consisted of five wickets in five balls, across two innings and separated by seven days, as the match took place on consecutive Saturdays.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16668546",
"chunk_text": "Follow-on\nwon their 16 previous Test matches, including the first of the three-Test series between the two teams, had scored 445 in the first innings of the second Test and restricted India to 171; only V. V. S. Laxman (59) and Rahul Dravid reached 25 runs. The only other bright spot for India was the bowling of Harbhajan Singh, who took 7 for 123, including a hat-trick (Ricky Ponting, Adam Gilchrist, Shane Warne). Australia then enforced the follow-on. Laxman came to the crease just before the end of Day 3 and proceeded to change the course of both the match and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19423502",
"chunk_text": "\"Century (cricket)\"\nCentury (cricket) In the sport of cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batsman. The term is also included in \"\"century partnership\"\" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batsmen and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in his career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking five wickets in an innings, and is commonly referred to as a ton or hundred. Scores",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16117399",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\none day internationals, against Bangladesh in the tenth match of 2003 ICC World Cup at City Oval, Pietermaritzburg. He got Hannan Sarkar, Mohammad Ashraful and Ehsanul Haque out in the first three balls and took his fourth wicket in the fifth ball of the same over, just missing the double-hat-trick. Albert Trott and Joginder Rao are the only two bowlers credited with \"\"two\"\" hat-tricks in the same innings in first-class cricket. One of Trott's two hat-tricks, for Middlesex against Somerset at Lords in 1907, was a four in four. Some hat-tricks are particularly extraordinary. On 2 December 1988, Merv Hughes,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8345229",
"chunk_text": "\"Hugh Trumble\"\nHugh Trumble Hugh Trumble (19 May 1867 – 14 August 1938) was an Australian cricketer who played 32 Test matches as a bowling all-rounder between 1890 and 1904. He captained the Australian team in two Tests, winning both. Trumble took 141 wickets in Test cricket—a world record at the time of his retirement—at an average of 21.78 runs per wicket. He is one of only four bowlers to twice take a hat-trick in Test cricket. Observers in Trumble's day, including the authoritative \"\"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\"\", regarded him as ranking among the great Australian bowlers of the Golden Age of cricket.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16834040",
"chunk_text": "All-rounder\nAll-rounder An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a few batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist batsman and have been referred to as all-rounders, but the term \"\"wicketkeeper-batsman\"\" is more commonly applied to them, even if they are substitute wicketkeepers who also bowl. There is no precise qualification for a player to be considered an all-rounder and use of the term tends to be subjective.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16780127",
"chunk_text": "\"Alok Kapali\"\nAlok Kapali Alok Kapali () (born 1 January 1984) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is an allrounder who bats in the middle to lower order and bowls leg spin. He was the first Bangladeshi to take a Test hat-trick. Alok Kapali is the youngest of six brothers and four sisters in his family. His father worked at a Hindu temple in his hometown, Sylhet. Kapali made his Test debut in 2002, against Sri Lanka at Colombo. He took 2 wickets, Michael Vandort and Upul Chandana as well as making 39 and 23 with the bat. In his next 16 Tests",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8741918",
"chunk_text": "\"The Oval\"\nThe Oval hosted its hundredth Test, against South Africa, on 27 July, 2017, becoming the fourth Test venue in the world after Lord's, MCG and SCG to do so.Moeen Ali also became the first player to ever take a Test hat-trick at The Oval, bowling out South Africa in the second innings to win the match. In Tests, the highest team score at The Oval is 903/7 declared by English national cricket team against Australia national cricket team on 20 August, 1938. The leading run scorers are Len Hutton (1,521 runs), Alastair Cook (1,217 runs) and Graham Gooch (1,097 runs).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2818923",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuwan Zoysa\"\nNuwan Zoysa Demuni Nuwan Tharanga Zoysa (born 13 May 1978 in Colombo), or Nuwan Zoysa, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer. He was a tall left-arm seam bowler, who played 30 Tests and 95 ODIs for Sri Lanka. Nuwan was educated at Isipathana College, Colombo. In his eighth Test, Zoysa became the first player in the history to take a hat-trick off his first three balls of a Test match. He achieved this against Zimbabwe at Harare in November 1999, dismissing Trevor Gripper, Murray Goodwin and Neil Johnson. Zoysa made his first class debut in 1996/97 and during his first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15960805",
"chunk_text": "\"Sohag Gazi\"\nTest against New Zealand in October 2013, Gazi scored his maiden test century, remaining unbeaten on 101 as Bangladesh hit 501 in reply to New Zealand's 469. He followed this up with a hat-trick in New Zealand's innings, dismissing Corey Anderson, BJ Watling and Doug Bracewell in consecutive deliveries to become the first person in history to score a century and take a hat-trick in the same Test match. He became the second Bangladeshi to take a Test hat-trick after Alok Kapali. Sohag Gazi Sohag Gazi (born 5 August 1991) is a Bangladeshi international cricketer. He made his Test debut",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12951923",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nhat-tricks in Australian first grade rugby league. Shaun Johnson scored a hat-trick in under 6 minutes against the Canberra Raiders in 2013, and in the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, Valentine Holmes scored a double hat-trick (6 tries) against Fiji. In Scrabble, a hat-trick occurs when a player plays three consecutive bingos. In handball or water polo, if a player scores three times in a game, a hat trick is made. Hat-trick A hat-trick or hat trick is the achievement of a positive feat three times in a game, or another achievement based on the number three. The term first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8664350",
"chunk_text": "\"Ryan Sidebottom\"\npick of the England bowlers, taking two wickets. The first innings ended on Day 2, Sidebottom with 4 wickets in total, 2 wickets from the last 2 balls of the innings. Despite missing out on a hat-trick with the first ball of the second innings (after forcing Jeetan Patel to edge his shot to Andrew Strauss, then cleaning Chris Martin for a duck), he went on to take the 37th Test cricket hat-trick, and the first in 2 years, in New Zealand's second innings. Dismissing Stephen Fleming (caught by Alastair Cook) with the final ball of his ninth over, he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14363021",
"chunk_text": "\"Single wicket cricket\"\nSingle wicket cricket Single wicket cricket is a form of cricket played between two individuals, who take turns to bat and bowl against each other. The one bowling is assisted by a team of fielders, who remain as fielders at the change of innings. The winner is the one who scores more runs. There was considerable interest in single wicket during the middle part of the 18th century when it enjoyed top-class status. Almost never seen professionally today, it is most often encountered in local cricket clubs, in which there are a number of knockout rounds leading to a final.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9477832",
"chunk_text": "\"Sheffield Shield\"\ntake a hat-trick in each innings of a first-class cricket match in Australia. He became the second Australian, and the eighth bowler overall, to take a two hat-tricks in each innings of a first-class match. In a match from 4–7 November 2017, New South Wales played against Western Australia at Hurstville Oval. In Western Australia's first innings, Starc dismissed Jason Behrendorff, David Moody and Simon Mackin in consecutive deliveries; in the second innings he dismissed Behrendorff, Moody and Jonathan Wells in consecutive deliveries. Sheffield Shield The Sheffield Shield is the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. The tournament is contested",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3567566",
"chunk_text": "\"Test cricket\"\nto spin bowlers, or those using reverse swing. The captain may delay the decision to take the new ball if he wishes to continue with his spinners (because the pitch favours spin). After a new ball has been taken, should an innings last a further 80 overs, then the captain will have the option to take another new ball. A Test match may end in one of six results: Test cricket is almost always played as a series of matches between two countries, with all matches in the series taking place in the same country (the host). Often there is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20198719",
"chunk_text": "\"Second Test, 1948 Ashes series\"\nin minutes, after a 174-run partnership with Bradman. Yardley bowled Hassett for a golden duck off the inside edge, so Miller came to the crease at 296/3 to face Yardley's hat-trick ball. The Australian all-rounder survived a loud lbw appeal on his first ball, denying the English captain his hat-trick. Despite Yardley's failure to complete the hat-trick, he had taken four wickets in the match, and was going through an unusually productive period with his semi-regular bowling. While England's front-line bowlers struggled, Yardley managed 9 wickets at a bowling average of 22.66 for the series. His average was second only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6811997",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nsame year, are also called hat tricks in poker. In both codes of rugby football (rugby union and rugby league) a hat-trick is when a player scores three or more tries in a game. In rugby union, a related concept is that of a \"\"full house\"\" (scoring a try, conversion, penalty goal, and drop goal) in a single game. When a player scored two tries, this is often referred to as a \"\"brace\"\". As with association football, it is common to award the match ball to a player who scores a hat-trick. Ken Irvine and Frank Burge both scored 16",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10569601",
"chunk_text": "\"Fred Spofforth\"\nFred Spofforth Frederick Robert \"\"Fred\"\" Spofforth (9 September 1853 – 4 June 1926), also known as \"\"The Demon Bowler\"\", was arguably the Australian cricket team's finest pace bowler of the nineteenth century and was the first bowler to take 50 Test wickets, and the first to take a Test hat-trick in 1879. He played in Test matches for Australia between 1877 and 1887, and then settled in England where he played for Derbyshire. In 2011, he was inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame. Spofforth was born in the Sydney suburb of Balmain, the son of Yorkshire-born Edward Spofforth, a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11383694",
"chunk_text": "\"Shane Harwood\"\nShane Harwood Shane Michael Harwood (born 1 March 1974) is an Australian cricketer who played for the Victorian Bushrangers. He bowls right-arm fast-medium and has represented Australia in three Twenty20 Internationals. Harwood began his Pura Cup career as a 28-year-old in 2002–03 and became the third Australian to get a hat-trick on debut. Harwood is also a useful tailender who in the ING Cup once scored a 31-ball 50. He has represented Australia A and was suggested by teammate Shane Warne as being a contender for the 2006 Australian Test tour of South Africa. Although he did not make the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2535307",
"chunk_text": "\"Albert Trott\"\nAlbert Trott Albert Edwin Trott (6 February 1873 – 30 July 1914) was a Test cricketer for both Australia and England. He was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1899. He is believed to be the only batsman to have struck a ball over the top of the Lord's Pavilion. He is also one of only two players to take two hat-tricks in the same first-class innings, the other being Joginder Rao. Despite his notability, having played in 375 first-class matches including 5 Tests, he was almost penniless when he committed suicide at the age",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16117402",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nsame batsman twice, and observed by the same non-striker, with the hat-trick ball being bowled from the opposite end to the first two. In the Mercantile Cricket Association C Grade semi-final at Fawkner Park, South Yarra, Gunbower United Cricket Club were 8 for 109 when Hickman came on to bowl his off spin. He took a wicket with the last ball of his third over and then bowled number 11 batsman Richard Higgins with the first ball of his next over to complete the Gunbower innings, leaving Chris Taylor the not out batsman. Power House scored 361, putting the game",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14434247",
"chunk_text": "\"Batting order (cricket)\"\ntournament or series. There are no rules about the nature or number of changes made and, if more than one innings is played, the order used in each need not be the same. It has even been known for a captain to completely reverse his batting order for the second innings after following on. This has made it possible for a bowler to take a hat-trick across three consecutive overs of a match, including the same batsman twice. There are various reasons why the captain might make a change from the established order. Usually, however, captains and coaches prefer not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2818926",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuwan Zoysa\"\nCouncil (ICC) for three breaches of the ICC Anti-Corruption Code. Nuwan Zoysa Demuni Nuwan Tharanga Zoysa (born 13 May 1978 in Colombo), or Nuwan Zoysa, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer. He was a tall left-arm seam bowler, who played 30 Tests and 95 ODIs for Sri Lanka. Nuwan was educated at Isipathana College, Colombo. In his eighth Test, Zoysa became the first player in the history to take a hat-trick off his first three balls of a Test match. He achieved this against Zimbabwe at Harare in November 1999, dismissing Trevor Gripper, Murray Goodwin and Neil Johnson. Zoysa made",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3399961",
"chunk_text": "\"Trivia Test Match\"\nscore a wicket and win the questioning. (\"\"Howzat\"\" in cricket is usually said by the bowler to the umpire to ask if the batsman's wicket was taken by the bowl. If they challenge the answer unsuccessfully, the batting team receives 2 runs in overthrows as compensation and keeps the batting.) Each team also has three bouncers, prepared earlier. They can say 'Bouncer' before the next question is asked. All the bouncers are very difficult (often estimation questions) and score six runs if successfully answered. (Six being the number of runs awarded for a boundary which doesn't hit the ground) However,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1445238",
"chunk_text": "\"Century (cricket)\"\nDecember 2017. Rohit Sharma got his century in 35 balls then equalling the record. Century (cricket) In the sport of cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batsman. The term is also included in \"\"century partnership\"\" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batsmen and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in his career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking five wickets",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14660762",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket (darts)\"\nall 10 wickets. A variation of this game is played in the West Riding of Yorkshire when the first to \"\"bat\"\" is decided by the first player to hit a double. The \"\"batsman\"\" has either 3 or 5 \"\"wickets\"\". The \"\"bowler\"\", in order to take a \"\"wicket\"\", must throw a double(s). The \"\"batsman\"\" must score over a previously agreed number (commonly 20 or 30) to score \"\"runs\"\". Only the excess of the agreed score counts as \"\"runs\"\" e.g. if the \"\"batsman\"\" throws a total of 58 (the agreed number for scoring being 30), then he would be credited with 28",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16780132",
"chunk_text": "\"Alok Kapali\"\na twenty20 tournament to be held in February that year. The BCB made Alok Kapali the 'icon player' for Sylhet Royals. He scored 124 runs from 9 matches. Alok Kapali Alok Kapali () (born 1 January 1984) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is an allrounder who bats in the middle to lower order and bowls leg spin. He was the first Bangladeshi to take a Test hat-trick. Alok Kapali is the youngest of six brothers and four sisters in his family. His father worked at a Hindu temple in his hometown, Sylhet. Kapali made his Test debut in 2002, against",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5247600",
"chunk_text": "\"Partnership (cricket)\"\nPartnership (cricket) In the sport of cricket, two batsmen always bat in partnership, although only one is a striker at any time. The partnership between two batsmen will come to an end when one of them is dismissed or retires, or the innings comes to a close (usually due to victory being achieved, a declaration, a time or over limit being reached, or the match being abandoned in mid-innings for inclement weather or, exceptionally, dangerous playing conditions). Various statistics may be used to describe a partnership, most notably the number of runs scored during it (either by the batsmen or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14326823",
"chunk_text": "\"Bill Woodfull\"\ninterruptions being frequent. Woodfull then regained his form, striking 102 not out in an innings win over Nottinghamshire. He then established himself as a Test opener in the third Test at Headingley, where Australia were sent in to bat on a sticky wicket with erratic bounce. After opening partner Warren Bardsley was dismissed without scoring from the first ball, Woodfull put on a second wicket partnership of 235 with Charlie Macartney to register his maiden Test century of 141. Macartney launched a vicious counterattack and became the second Australian to score a Test century before lunch on the opening day;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13147467",
"chunk_text": "\"Pairs in Test and first-class cricket\"\nfor a pair. Ian Botham's pair came in his last Test as captain while Mark Taylor, Rashid Latif and Habibul Bashar recorded a pair in their first games as captain. If a batsman is out first ball he has made a golden duck and if a batsman is dismissed first ball in both innings he has achieved a king pair. This worst of all batting fates has befallen 21 players in the history of Test cricket so far. King Pairs have been 'bagged' by many players in first-class cricket. Mick Norman of Northamptonshire bagged a king pair in a single",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10662268",
"chunk_text": "Hat-trick\nagainst England in 1902 and 1904, Pakistan's Wasim Akram, in separate games against Sri Lanka in 1999, and England's Stuart Broad. In One Day International cricket there have been 36 hat-tricks, the first by Jalal-ud-Din for Pakistan against Australia in 1982, and the most recent by Trent Boult. Lasith Malinga is the only bowler to take three hat-tricks in any form of international cricket with his three in ODI. Three players have taken at least two ODI hat-tricks in their careers: Wasim Akram and Saqlain Mushtaq of Pakistan and Chaminda Vaas of Sri Lanka. (Akram therefore has four international hat-tricks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16834049",
"chunk_text": "All-rounder\n\"\"batting all-rounder\"\". Also, batting all-rounders may not bowl much due to injury concerns (e.g. Corey Anderson, Angelo Mathews), or their batting skills are far better than their bowling to begin with (e.g. Kane Williamson, Steve Smith, Joe Root) to the point they revert to being known as a batsman. All-rounder An all-rounder is a cricketer who regularly performs well at both batting and bowling. Although all bowlers must bat and quite a few batsmen do bowl occasionally, most players are skilled in only one of the two disciplines and are considered specialists. Some wicket-keepers have the skills of a specialist",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9861695",
"chunk_text": "\"Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)\"\nmatch, which was played against Pakistan later the same month. He made his Test debut for Ireland, against Pakistan, on 11 May 2018, becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to appear in 300 matches for his country. He was the top scorer for Ireland in the first innings, with 40 runs. In the second innings of the match, he scored Ireland's first ever Test fifty, and then first ever Test century. Despite Ireland losing the Test by five wickets, O'Brien won the man of the match award for his batting performance. O'Brien is a strong batsman, with the ability to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18901013",
"chunk_text": "\"Anil Kumble\"\nAnil Kumble Anil Kumble ( born 17 October 1970) is a former Indian cricketer and a former captain of Tests and ODIs, who played Tests and ODIs for 18 years. A right-arm leg spin (leg break googly) bowler, he took 619 wickets in Test cricket and remains the third-highest wicket taker of all time (as of 2018, behind Muttiah Muralitharan and Shane Warne). In 1999 while playing against Pakistan, Kumble dismissed all ten batsmen in a Test match innings, joining England’s Jim Laker as the only players to achieve the feat. Unlike his contemporaries, Kumble was not a big turner",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8229660",
"chunk_text": "\"Mark Craig\"\nMark Craig Mark Donald Craig (born 23 March 1987) is a New Zealand Test cricketer who plays first-class cricket for Otago. A spin bowler, he bowls right-arm off spin, and bats left-handed. He fields predominantly at second-slip. In June 2018, he was awarded a contract with Otago for the 2018–19 season. Craig made his Test cricket debut for New Zealand against the West Indies in June 2014, winning the man of the match award for match bowling figures of 8 for 188. Craig has also shown the ability to bat in tight situations for his team,with his high score of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3090672",
"chunk_text": "\"Mohammad Sami\"\nMohammad Sami Mohammad Sami (, born 24 February 1981) is a Pakistani cricketer who plays all formats of the game as fast bowler. Considered to be one of the fastest bowlers in Pakistan after Shoaib Akhtar and Waqar Younis, Sami is the only bowler in cricket to notch hat-tricks in all three formats of the game. Sami is known for his quick yorkers, traditional swing and good pace. Sami joined the Indian Cricket League following the tour of India in December 2007. He played for the Lahore Badshahs, a team composed entirely of Pakistani cricketers, during the Indian Premier League's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_933
|
what is the width of a cricket bat?
|
n/a
|
[
"no more than 4.25 inches"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250355",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nrisk of the bat snapping. The bat may also need raw linseed oil, which fills in the gaps between the fibres. Law 5 of the Laws of Cricket, as the rules of the game are known, state that the length of the bat may be no more than 38 in (965 mm), the width no more than 4.25 in (108 mm), the overall depth no more than 2.64 in (67 mm) and edge no more than 1.56 in (40 mm). Bats typically weigh from 2 lb 7 oz to 3 lb (1.2 to 1.4 kg) though there is no standard.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250350",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nCricket bat A cricket bat is a specialised piece of equipment used by batsmen in the sport of cricket to hit the ball, typically consisting of a cane handle attached to a flat-fronted willow-wood blade. The length of the bat may be no more than 38 inches (965 mm) and the width no more than 4.25 inches (108 mm). Its use is first mentioned in 1624. Since 1979, a rule change stipulated that bats can only be made from wood. The \"\"blade\"\" of a cricket bat is a wooden block that is generally flat on the striking face and with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250356",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nAppendix B of the Laws of Cricket set out more precise specifications. This rule was introduced following the Monster Bat Incident of 1771. Bats are available in a range of sizes, with some manufacturers offering unique variations. Commonly found are children's sizes 0 to 6, youth size Harrow and adult sizes. SH (Short Handle) is the most common adult size, whilst long handle and long blade options are also available. Children's sizes increase in length and width as the size increase. Although most adult bats will be the maximum width permitted (4.25 inches), no generally available cricket bat is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16373593",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nwhere these bats are made in Kashmir are Anantnag, Baramula, and Pahalgam. Cricket bat A cricket bat is a specialised piece of equipment used by batsmen in the sport of cricket to hit the ball, typically consisting of a cane handle attached to a flat-fronted willow-wood blade. The length of the bat may be no more than 38 inches (965 mm) and the width no more than 4.25 inches (108 mm). Its use is first mentioned in 1624. Since 1979, a rule change stipulated that bats can only be made from wood. The \"\"blade\"\" of a cricket bat is a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11978306",
"chunk_text": "Cricket\nthe total length of the bat not more than 38 inches (965 mm). There is no standard for the weight which is usually between 2 lb 7 oz and 3 lb (1.1 and 1.4 kg). The ball is a hard leather-seamed spheroid, with a circumference of . The ball has a \"\"seam\"\": six rows of stitches attaching the leather shell of the ball to the string and cork interior. The seam on a new ball is prominent, and helps the bowler propel it in a less predictable manner. During matches, the quality of the ball deteriorates to a point where",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250357",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nmaximum length of 38 inches, indeed very few exceed 35 inches. Various companies have over the years tried new shapes that come within the laws of the game to make a name for themselves and to improve sales. In the 1960s the first shoulderless bats appeared from Slazenger. This allowed more of the weight to be redistributed to the \"\"sweet spot\"\" of the blade providing more power to each stroke, whilst still having good balance and light \"\"pick up.\"\" This style of bat was made famous by Lance Cairns's six sixes in a match played in 1983. The 1970s saw",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16837776",
"chunk_text": "\"Laws of Cricket\"\nbat\"\". The bat is no more than in length, no more than wide, no more than deep at its middle and no deeper than at the edge. The hand or glove holding the bat is considered part of the bat. Ever since the ComBat incident, a highly publicised marketing attempt by Dennis Lillee, who brought out an aluminium bat during an international game, the Laws have provided that the blade of the bat must be made of wood. \"\"Law 6: The pitch\"\". The pitch is a rectangular area of the ground long and wide. The Ground Authority selects and prepares",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250364",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nIPL. Gareth Andrew, the Worcestershire all-rounder, scored the maiden 100 with an MMi3 in professional cricket, when he hit 100 off 58 balls at the Oval in 2010 against Surrey. In 2008 Lekka Cricket launched a T20 format bat, the Big Hitter. Black Cat Cricket then launched a T20 format bat, the Joker, in 2009. These worked on a similar principle to other T20 bats with the blade length reduced by one inch and an inch longer handle, but uniquely reduced the width of the bat to 4 inches in an adult bat. Modern bats are usually hand made in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11110256",
"chunk_text": "\"World's biggest cricket bat\"\nhas been titled as \"\"Ambassadors of peace and love.\"\" The bat is 50 feet (15.2 m) in length, including the handle, which measures 15 feet (4.57 m) in length. The width of the bat measures 6 feet (1.82 m). The wooden bat is solid, and looks exactly like a normal one. Pakistan's ace batting star Javed Miandad was the first person to put his signature on the bat, followed by then-Sindh Chief Minister Abdullah Shah and the president of Pasban-e-Pakistan, Altaf Shakoor. After the unveiling ceremony, the bat was placed at the National Stadium in Karachi for public display. Later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250353",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nthe join. The taper provides a more gradual transfer of load from the bat's blade to the handle and avoids this problem. The edges of the blade closest to the handle are known as the \"\"shoulders\"\" of the bat, and the bottom of the blade is known as the \"\"toe\"\" of the bat. Bats were not always this shape. Before the 18th century bats tended to be shaped similarly to a modern hockey sticks. This may well have been a legacy of the game's reputed origins. Although the first forms of cricket are obscure, it may be that the game",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11110254",
"chunk_text": "\"World's biggest cricket bat\"\nLtd) in Bangladesh. They created \"\"LEMU WORLD's BIGGEST BAT\"\", a 70 feet (21.336 m) long and 8 feet (2.438 m) wide and 9300(9.3 K.G) bat, to wish the Bangladesh cricket team good luck in World Cup cricket. This bat collected about two million wishes and signature of cricket fans from different places of Bangladesh. LG Electronics presented a 16 m long, 2 m wide, 1 m deep bat to the South African national cricket team at their final warmup game prior to the 2003 Cricket World Cup, on February 10, 2003. According to LG's press release, this bat is the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9558096",
"chunk_text": "\"Comparison of baseball and cricket\"\nDay International cricket is played on a field with a minimum width of and length , giving a minimum area of , assuming an elliptical shape. However the shape of a cricket ground is not fixed. Test grounds around the world are typically , an area of about , ranging up to or at a venue such as the MCG. In cricket, the \"\"pitch\"\" is a prepared rectangular area between two wickets. Its length is the distance between the wickets, . While its width is 12 feet or 3.66 metres in length, the width of the playing area on that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7642161",
"chunk_text": "Cricket\nbeing lost to bad weather without a ball being bowled: for example, the third Test of the 1970/71 series in Australia. The essence of the sport is that a bowler delivers (i.e., bowls) the ball from his end of the pitch towards the batsman who, armed with a bat is \"\"on strike\"\" at the other end (see next sub-section: \"\"Basic gameplay\"\"). The bat is made of wood, usually \"\"salix alba\"\" (white willow), and has the shape of a blade topped by a cylindrical handle. The blade must not be more than four and one quarter inches (108 mm) wide and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15711323",
"chunk_text": "\"World's biggest cricket bat\"\nhand-crafted replica of the World Cup. Sports enthusiasts signing the bat to wish their favorite Indian team was the big high of the campaign. The cavalcade parked at prominent locations including Domino's Pizza, ending its four-day journey for a press conference at Hotel Taj Blue Diamond, Pune. The campaign was covered by leading national and vernacular press. On account of the first ODI in Indira Gandhi Municipal Stadium in Vijayawada on November 24, 2002, a cricket bat which is 100 feet in height and 10 feet in width has been installed at a prominent location inside the stadium. The bat",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7550631",
"chunk_text": "\"World's biggest cricket bat\"\nWorld's biggest cricket bat The world's biggest cricket bat is a title that has been sought by the constructors of at least four bats. These bats were both built to commemorate the games of the Cricket World Cup for the year they were constructed. Bangladeshi people are crazy for cricket. Cricket is now hope for nation. Surprisingly Bangladesh cricket team ever cannot win any world championship in cricket but the popularity of cricket in this country is much more. Cricket is now Bangladeshi people’s song. Beximco, The title sponsor of Bangladesh Cricket team, touch the people feeling. The largest cricket",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6720359",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket field\"\nmetres) from boundary to boundary square of the pitch, with the shorter of the two square boundaries being a minimum 65 yards (59.43 metres). The straight boundary at both ends of the pitch shall be a minimum of 70 yards (64.00 metres), measured from the centre of the pitch to be used. In all cases the aim shall be to provide the largest playing area, subject to no boundary exceeding 90 yards (82.29 metres) from the centre of the pitch to be used.\"\" In addition, the conditions require a minimum three-yard gap between the \"\"rope\"\" and the surrounding fencing or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14760328",
"chunk_text": "\"Crease (cricket)\"\nthrough the centres of the three stumps at each end. It is 8 ft 8 in (2.64 m) long, with the stumps in the centre. Four return creases are drawn, one on each side of each set of stumps. The return creases lie perpendicular to the popping crease and the bowling crease, 4 feet 4 inches (1.32 m) either side of and parallel to the imaginary line joining the centres of the two middle stumps. Each return crease line starts at the popping crease but the other end is considered to be unlimited in length and must be marked to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9558139",
"chunk_text": "\"Comparison of baseball and cricket\"\nhis bat. While there is no sharply defined \"\"strike zone\"\" in cricket as there is in baseball (but there are lines known as the return creases perpendicular to the other crease lines which the umpires can use as a guide, and in limited overs cricket specific wide lines are painted on the pitch 17 inches (43.2 cm) inside the return creases), in both cases the umpire must judge whether the ball was delivered fairly. Both the \"\"wide\"\" and the \"\"ball\"\" result in a \"\"penalty\"\". In cricket, like a no-ball, a single run is awarded to the battling team and it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6720357",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket field\"\nCricket field A cricket field is a large grassy ground on which the game of cricket is played. Although generally oval in shape, there is a wide variety within this: some are almost perfect circles, some elongated ovals and some entirely irregular shapes with little or no symmetry – but they will have entirely curved boundaries, almost without exception. There are no fixed dimensions for the field but its diameter usually varies between 450 feet (137 m) and 500 feet (150 m). Cricket is unusual among major sports (along with Golf, Australian rules football and baseball) in that there is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6548276",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket pitch\"\nfails to enter the \"\"strike zone\"\" and is not swung at by the \"\"batter\"\".) Cricket pitch In the game of cricket, the cricket pitch consists of the central strip of the cricket field between the wickets. It is 22 yards (20.12 m) long and 10 feet (3.05 m) wide. The surface is flat and normally covered with extremely short grass though this grass is soon removed by wear at the ends of the pitch. In amateur matches in some parts of the world, artificial pitches are sometimes used. These can be a slab of concrete overlaid with a coir mat",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6744395",
"chunk_text": "\"Baseball bat\"\nespecially when wielded by a particularly able batter. The \"\"bat drop\"\" of a bat is its weight, in ounces, minus its length, in inches. For example, a 30-ounce, 33-inch-long bat has a bat drop of minus 3 (30 − 33 = −3). Larger bat drops help to increase swing speed; smaller drops create more power. The bat's form has become more refined over time. In the mid-19th century, baseball batters were known to shape or whittle their own bats by hand, which resulted in a wide range of shapes, sizes, and weights. For example, there were flat bats, round bats,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15711322",
"chunk_text": "\"World's biggest cricket bat\"\nbat 111-feet was sponsored by Beximco in ICC world cup 2011, the cricket bat was made by Karikor. Beximco presented the 111-feet cricket bat to Bangladesh Cricket Team inscribed with messages from cricket lovers across the country. The Creative Agency created a 50-foot bat for LG Electronics association with the Cricket World Cup 1999. Made from composite materials, the bat toured Pune hand-lifted by a team 11. The 'All The Best' cavalcade was led by an elephant (considered pious and a harbinger of good luck), a traditional 'nagara' played to the crowds, and a hand-lifted 'Palkhi' in which perched a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8655084",
"chunk_text": "Cricket\ncentrally on the bowling crease, which is eight feet eight inches long. The popping crease is drawn four feet in front of the bowling crease and parallel to it; although it is drawn as a twelve-foot line (six feet either side of the wicket), it is in fact unlimited in length. The return creases are drawn at right angles to the popping crease so that they intersect the ends of the bowling crease; each return crease is drawn as an eight-foot line, so that it extends four feet behind the bowling crease, but is also in fact unlimited in length.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250362",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nlate 2008, SAFBats created a cricket bat with an offset edge, the edge offsetting allowed for an extended middle, better swing weight and increased performance without compromising the cricket bat's balance. The production models were available in 2009, and the bat won awards in 2010 and 2012. In 2004 Newbery created the Uzi, with a truncated blade and elongated handle for the new Twenty20 format of the game. This change allowed more wood to be placed in the middle, as more attacking shots are played in the shorter version of the game. In 2009 an extreme version of the Newbery",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250351",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\na ridge on the reverse (back) which concentrates wood in the middle where the ball is generally hit. The bat is traditionally made from willow wood, specifically from a variety of white willow called cricket bat willow (\"\"Salix alba\"\" var. \"\"caerulea\"\"), treated with raw (unboiled) linseed oil, which has a protective function. This variety of willow is used as it is very tough and shock-resistant, not being significantly dented nor splintering on the impact of a cricket ball at high speed, while also being light in weight. The face of the bat is often covered with a protective film by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "199492",
"chunk_text": "\"Line and length\"\nbeen outlawed. See Bodyline for full details. The length of a delivery is how far down the pitch towards the batsman the ball bounces. It is described as being either \"\"short\"\" (bouncing closer to the bowler), \"\"full\"\" (bouncing nearer the batsman), or a \"\"good length\"\" (an optimal length, somewhere in between). The length of a ball controls how high the ball rises from the pitch as it reaches the batsman's stance position. A ball pitched too short rises relatively high and loses some of its pace, making it easier to hit. A ball pitched too full does not have time",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16648082",
"chunk_text": "\"Short of a length\"\nShort of a length Short of a length (sometimes referred to as \"\"back of a length\"\" or \"\"short of a good length\"\") is a term used in the sport of cricket. It describes a delivery from the bowler that pitches short of the optimum length. Length in cricket defines where the ball pitches on the wicket. A good length ball is one that pitches at a distance that makes it difficult for the batsman to ascertain whether to play the ball on the front foot or back foot. A bouncer is a ball that passes the batsman above chest height.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6548289",
"chunk_text": "\"Stump (cricket)\"\n1 inches (3.81 cm) and 1 inches (3.49 cm). They have a spike at one end for inserting into the ground, and the other end has a U-shaped 'through groove' to provide a resting place for the bails. In junior cricket the items have lesser dimensions. Each stump is referred to by a specific name: These names are relative to the batsman, so a right-handed batsman's leg stump becomes the off stump when a left-handed player is batting. In modern professional play, the stumps are often branded with a sponsor's logo. Although they are too far away from spectators to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6577041",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket ball\"\nby cricket balls during matches. The hazards posed by cricket balls were a key motivator for the introduction of protective equipment. British Standard BS 5993 specifies the construction details, dimensions, quality and performance of cricket balls. A cricket ball is made with a core of cork, which is layered with tightly wound string, and covered by a leather case with a slightly raised sewn seam. In a top-quality ball suitable for the highest levels of competition, the covering is constructed of four pieces of leather shaped similar to the peel of a quartered orange, but one hemisphere is rotated by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18322263",
"chunk_text": "\"Comparison of baseball and cricket\"\nbody. Deliveries that reach the batsmen at rib or shoulder height are legal, and quite common. Depending on the form of the game, more or fewer deliveries can be bowled to reach the batsmen at throat or head level. Any fear or hesitation can lead to a batsman playing a poor shot which may result in him giving away his wicket (being dismissed). Since the cricket bat is wide and flat, while the baseball bat is narrow and round, on the whole cricket batsmen find it easier to hit and direct the ball than baseball batters, resulting in many more",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16837766",
"chunk_text": "\"Laws of Cricket\"\nplayers. As a result, it was decided by the game's lawmakers that the maximum width of the bat must be four and one quarter inches; this was included in the next revision of the Laws and it remains the maximum width. On Friday, 25 February 1774, the Laws were revised by a committee meeting at the \"\"Star and Garter\"\". Chaired by Sir William Draper, the members included prominent cricket patrons the 3rd Duke of Dorset, the 4th Earl of Tankerville, Charles Powlett, Philip Dehany and Sir Horatio Mann. The clubs and counties represented were Kent, Hampshire, Surrey, Sussex, Middlesex and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250363",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nUzi shape named the Mi3 was launched by Mongoose. The design is unusual in that the blade is 33% shorter than a conventional bat and the handle is 43% longer. Launched with a fanfare of publicity it proclaimed the idea of not defending the ball in the T20 format and purely playing attacking shots. On 11 March 2010, Mongoose launched its range in India with the announcement of Matthew Hayden as the brand ambassador. Stuart Law, the former Australian Test player, called it \"\"a half-brick on a stick\"\". The bat was used by Anuraag in the 2010 version of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8864429",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket field\"\nno official rule for a fixed-shape ground for professional games. On most grounds, a rope demarcates the perimeter of the field and is known as the \"\"boundary\"\". Within the boundary and generally as close to the centre as possible will be the \"\"square\"\" which is an area of carefully prepared grass upon which cricket pitches can be prepared and marked for matches. The ICC Standard Playing Conditions define the minimum and maximum size of the playing surface for international matches. Law 19.1 of ICC Test match Playing Conditions states: \"\"The playing area shall be a minimum of 150 yards (137.16",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9762509",
"chunk_text": "Cricket\nthe field is a rectangular pitch (see image, below) on which a wooden target called a wicket is sited at each end; the wickets are placed apart. The pitch is a flat surface wide, with very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses (cricket can also be played on artificial surfaces, notably matting). Each wicket is made of three wooden stumps topped by two bails. As illustrated above, the pitch is marked at each end with four white painted lines: a bowling crease, a popping crease and two return creases. The three stumps are aligned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6548240",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket pitch\"\nCricket pitch In the game of cricket, the cricket pitch consists of the central strip of the cricket field between the wickets. It is 22 yards (20.12 m) long and 10 feet (3.05 m) wide. The surface is flat and normally covered with extremely short grass though this grass is soon removed by wear at the ends of the pitch. In amateur matches in some parts of the world, artificial pitches are sometimes used. These can be a slab of concrete overlaid with a coir mat or artificial turf. sometimes dirt is put over the coir mat to provide an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12723059",
"chunk_text": "\"Line and length\"\nLine and length Line and length in cricket refers to the direction and point of bouncing on the pitch of a delivery. The two concepts are frequently discussed together. The line of a delivery is the direction of its trajectory measured in the horizontal plane. More simply, it is a measure of how far to the left or right the ball is travelling, compared to a line drawn straight down the pitch. It is usually referred to in terms of the directions off (away in front of the batsman) and leg (in towards or behind the batsman), rather than left",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16837774",
"chunk_text": "\"Laws of Cricket\"\numpires\"\". There are two umpires, who apply the Laws, make all necessary decisions, and relay the decisions to the scorers. While not required under the Laws of cricket, in higher level cricket a third umpire (located off the ground and available to assist the on-field umpires) may be used under the specific playing conditions of a particular match or tournament. \"\"Law 3: The scorers\"\". There are two scorers who respond to the umpires' signals and keep the score. \"\"Law 4: The ball\"\". A cricket ball is between 8.81 and 9 inches (22.4 cm and 22.9 cm) in circumference, and weighs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11110253",
"chunk_text": "\"World's biggest cricket bat\"\nis said to be made of a synthetic material costing about Rs. 1,400,000. It was designed by MAA Arts under the supervision of Andhra Cricket Association. The bat has a picteresque of the Krishna barrage on top and the names of the players of the host India team and the West Indies cricket team who played an ODI here on November 24, 2002. This bat holds the current world record in Guinness Book of World Records. The bat is installed here on permanent basis. This record has recently been broken by LEMU Soft drinks from AFBL (Akij Food & Beverage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9441810",
"chunk_text": "\"Forms of cricket\"\nshots are expressly forbidden, and instead the winning batsman is the one who can survive the longest number of deliveries. Typically this will be played with a tennis ball or other soft bouncy ball, and modified rules, such as \"\"one hand one bounce\"\" are often employed. The length of the wicket will typically be roughly 15 metres, and the non-bowling fielders will be encircled close round the bat looking for a catching chance. It is a game in which the ball is bowled at the legs of the batsman, with the batsman's legs forming the wicket. It is often played",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19376886",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket nets\"\na pulley and ratchet system where the net is mounted on a cable which spans posts located at either end of the practise net. Garden cricket nets are frequently DIY and quite often take the form of a professional design with locally sourced components. This occurs primarily due to cost implications, but also due to the fact cricket nets are fundamentally simple in design and purpose and thus greatly increase the feasibility of constructing a homemade cricket net. There are few rules of thumb to follow particularly with size. The width should be no less than 9 ft, with 12",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250360",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nwooden bat. The rules of cricket were shortly thereafter amended, stating that the blade of a bat must be made entirely of wood. In 2005 Kookaburra released a new type of bat that had a Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer support down the spine of the bat. It was put on the bat to provide more support to the spine and blade of the bat, thus prolonging the life of the bat. The first player to use this new bat in international cricket was Australian Ricky Ponting. Kookaburra withdrew it after advice was received by the ICC from MCC that it was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12149374",
"chunk_text": "\"Thomas White (cricketer, born c. 1740)\"\nversion of the Laws of Cricket wherein the maximum width of the bat was set at four and one quarter inches. White may have done this with the intention of seeking an unfair advantage or merely as a prank, or possibly even to force the issue in order to get the Laws changed. Straight bats had replaced the old hockey stick shape a few years earlier (in response to bowlers pitching instead of rolling the ball as formerly) and the width issue may have been rankling. His motive remains a mystery but the Hambledon objection has been preserved by Marylebone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16837767",
"chunk_text": "\"Laws of Cricket\"\nLondon. A summary of the main points \"\"vis-à-vis\"\" the 1744 code: The main innovation was the introduction of leg before wicket (lbw) as a means of dismissal. The practice of stopping the ball with the leg had arisen as a negative response to the pitched delivery. As in 1744, there is nothing about the bowler's delivery action. The maximum width of the bat was confirmed following the incident in 1771. As in 1744, the 1774 code asserted that \"\"the stumps must be twenty-two inches, the bail six inches long\"\". There were only two stumps then, with a single bail. At",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16373583",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nillegal under Law six. In 2005 Newbery created a carbon fibre handle, the C6 and C6+, which weighed 3 ounces/85 grams less than a standard laminated cane and rubber handle. It was used by Newbery and Puma for 3 years before the concept was copied by Gray Nicolls with a hollow plastic tube. However, this provoked the MCC to change the law on materials in handles amid fears that the new technology would lead to an increase in the distance the ball was hit. Now only 10% of the volume of the handle can be other than cane. Also in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6720364",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket field\"\nparallel, 30 yards (27.4 m) to the length of the pitch. This line, commonly known as the circle, divides the field into an infield and outfield. Two circles of radius 15 yards (13.7 m), centred at middle stump guard on the popping crease and often marked by dots, define the close-infield. The infield, outfield, and the close-infield are used to enforce fielding restrictions. Cricket field A cricket field is a large grassy ground on which the game of cricket is played. Although generally oval in shape, there is a wide variety within this: some are almost perfect circles, some elongated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9558097",
"chunk_text": "\"Comparison of baseball and cricket\"\npitch is distance between two return creases, which are 8 feet 8 inches or 2.44 metres apart. The popping creases at each end of the pitch, from which the bowler bowls and the batsman plays, are 4 feet or 1.22 metres in front of the wickets. The bowling, popping and return creases are defined by contrasting lines, generally white in color. In baseball, the pitcher must deliver from a rubber slab (typically referred to as \"\"the rubber\"\") that lies atop a raised area of the infield called the \"\"pitcher's mound\"\". The front of the rubber is from the rear point",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250371",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nby the British, who ruled India, during the 1820s. The industry, established in Kashmir, combines traditional tools with modern technology. Kashmiri bats require constant knocking and oiling to make the bat good enough to use in a cricket match. Knocking makes the fibres of the willow blade compress together, which helps the bat bear the impact of the ball. Another major aspect of taking care of such bats is oiling. Oil is applied on the back, toe, front and edges of the bat to make it more durable and to ensure the fibres get knitted properly. Some of the districts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7780698",
"chunk_text": "Infield\nwill attempt to hit the pitched ball with his bat. The umpire, who officiates the game, stands behind the catcher. The other important parts of the infield are the three bases, first base (to the pitcher's left, looking toward home plate), second base (behind the pitcher) and third base (to the pitcher's right). Together, home plate and the three bases form a diamond around the pitcher, with each side of the diamond measuring 90 feet. In cricket infield is a central oval on the cricket field, the reference point for fielding restrictions in short forms of the game; in contrast",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19250367",
"chunk_text": "\"Cricket bat\"\nand will feel softer to use. During the knocking-in process, a fingernail is pressed into the front face of the bat to check if the bat is properly knocked in. If an indentation is left on the bat during this process, it shows that the wood is still not fully compressed, and should be knocked in for longer. Many large sports stores and specialised cricket stores use special machines to knock in the bats for customers. Some manufacturers will roll the bats through a special press to compress the wood, however many bat manufacturers choose not to do this as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3461967",
"chunk_text": "\"The Cricketers of My Time\"\n5½ oz, or more than 5¾ oz. The Laws of cricket still stipulate the limit on the width of the bat that was agreed by the Hambledon Club as a result of the \"\"Monster Bat Incident\"\". While Nyren, a boy at the time of the incident in 1771, may have thought that White was cheating, it is now believed that he forced an issue as the modern straight bats were a recent innovation, replacing the original hockey-stick shape, and no standard dimensions had as yet been agreed. One of Nyren's most vivid biographical sketches is his chapter on Lamborn, who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_934
|
who played alex cross in along came a spider?
|
n/a
|
[
"Morgan Freeman"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19441770",
"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nD.C. detective, forensic psychologist and author Alex Cross (Morgan Freeman) loses control of a sting operation, resulting in the death of his partner, he opts to retire from the force. He finds himself drawn back to police work when Megan Rose (Mika Boorem), the daughter of a United States senator, is kidnapped from her exclusive private school by computer science teacher Gary Soneji (Michael Wincott). US Secret Service Special Agent Jezzie Flannigan (Monica Potter), held responsible for the breach in security, joins forces with Cross to find the missing girl. Soneji contacts Cross by phone and alerts him to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5033972",
"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (novel)\"\nAlong Came a Spider (novel) Along Came a Spider is the first novel in James Patterson's series about forensic psychologist Alex Cross. First published in 1993, its success has led to eighteen sequels as of 2012. It was adapted into a film of the same name in 2001, starring Morgan Freeman as Cross. Washington, D.C. homicide investigator and forensic psychologist Alex Cross investigates the brutal murders of two black prostitutes and an infant. Then, at an exclusive private school, math teacher Gary Soneji kidnaps Maggie Rose Dunne and Michael Goldberg. Cross is pulled off the murder case to investigate the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19441769",
"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nAlong Came a Spider (film) Along Came a Spider is a 2001 American neo noir psychological thriller film directed by Lee Tamahori. It is the second installment of \"\"Alex Cross\"\" film series and a sequel to the 1997 film \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\", with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as detective Alex Cross. The screenplay by Marc Moss was adapted from the 1993 novel of the same title by James Patterson, but many of the key plot elements of the book were controversially eliminated. The movie received negative to mixed critical reviews, although it became a box office success. After Washington,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18037498",
"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nWashington for \"\"Training Day\"\". There were no further sequels, but the character of Alex Cross was rebooted with a 2012 film adaptation of the novel \"\"Cross\"\" under the title \"\"Alex Cross\"\" starring Tyler Perry in the titular role. Along Came a Spider (film) Along Came a Spider is a 2001 American neo noir psychological thriller film directed by Lee Tamahori. It is the second installment of \"\"Alex Cross\"\" film series and a sequel to the 1997 film \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\", with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as detective Alex Cross. The screenplay by Marc Moss was adapted from the 1993",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6369637",
"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (novel)\"\nfeared criminal in America. A film adaptation of the same name was released on April 6, 2001, starring Morgan Freeman as Alex Cross, Monica Potter as Jezzie Flannagan, and Michael Wincott as Gary Soneji. The adaptation makes substantial changes to the plot, omitting much of Soneji's background and his split personality, as well as changing the identity of the kidnapped children's parents and many characters' eventual fate. Along Came a Spider (novel) Along Came a Spider is the first novel in James Patterson's series about forensic psychologist Alex Cross. First published in 1993, its success has led to eighteen sequels",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12929272",
"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross\"\nhe is revealed to be none other than Rashawn Turnbull's own grandfather Harold Caine. He enjoyed killing Rashawn because he felt that Rashawn had humiliated him because of the colour of Rashawn's skin. Cross is portrayed by Morgan Freeman in the 1997 film \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" and the 2001 film \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\". He is portrayed by Tyler Perry in the 2012 film \"\"Alex Cross\"\". In \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\", Alex is portrayed as a detective and a psychologist, who specializes in cases with the most frightening killers and situations. After handling a case where he convinces a woman who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13061468",
"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (film)\"\nAlex Cross (film) Alex Cross is a 2012 American crime thriller film directed by Rob Cohen and starring Tyler Perry as the title character and Matthew Fox as the villain Picasso. The adapted screenplay was written by Marc Moss and Kerry Williamson. It is based on the novel \"\"Cross\"\" by James Patterson and the third installment of the \"\"Alex Cross\"\" film series, which was considered as a reboot of the series. The title character was previously portrayed by Morgan Freeman in \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" (1997) and \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" (2001). Unlike the previous films, which were distributed by Paramount",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross\"\nDunne and Michael Goldberg, children kidnapped by serial killer Gary Soneji in \"\"Along Came A Spider\"\". They first meet at the school from where the kids were taken and later in Miami, where they share a drink or two. After discovering Michael's body, they become closer and after capturing Soneji they begin to fall in love. Many people in Alex's life, including Nana Mama and John Sampson, disapprove of the relationship because Alex and Jezzie are of different races. Alex ignores their warnings. It is later revealed that Jezzie had teamed up with Secret Service agent Mike Devine, her other",
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"chunk_text": "\"Marc Moss\"\nJason Statham and James Franco. Marc Moss Marc Moss is an American screenwriter raised in Norfolk, Virginia. He received his BA from the University of Chicago and his MFA from Columbia University School of the Arts. Moss was credited with the feature films \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" (2001), starring Morgan Freeman and Monica Potter, and \"\"Alex Cross\"\" (2012), starring Tyler Perry and Matthew Fox. He has also doctored numerous films including \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" (1997), starring Ashley Judd and Morgan Freeman; \"\"Runaway Jury\"\" (2003), featuring John Cusack and Academy Award winners Dustin Hoffman and Gene Hackman; \"\"Shooter\"\" (2007), starring Mark",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (novel series)\"\ntwo films (\"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" and\"\" Along Came a Spider\"\") both met to poor box-office. In 2012, a reboot titled \"\"Alex Cross\"\" based on the novel \"\"Cross\"\" with Tyler Perry was cast, his first role in a film that he doesn't direct, produce, write for his career. Two films, based on the first Cross novels, have been made starring Morgan Freeman (\"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" and \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\"), both released to negative reaction. Both of them are very loose adaptations of the books, with \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" changing many of the plot's elements, while \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" changes",
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"chunk_text": "\"Marc Moss\"\nMarc Moss Marc Moss is an American screenwriter raised in Norfolk, Virginia. He received his BA from the University of Chicago and his MFA from Columbia University School of the Arts. Moss was credited with the feature films \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" (2001), starring Morgan Freeman and Monica Potter, and \"\"Alex Cross\"\" (2012), starring Tyler Perry and Matthew Fox. He has also doctored numerous films including \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" (1997), starring Ashley Judd and Morgan Freeman; \"\"Runaway Jury\"\" (2003), featuring John Cusack and Academy Award winners Dustin Hoffman and Gene Hackman; \"\"Shooter\"\" (2007), starring Mark Wahlberg; and \"\"Homefront\"\" (2014), starring",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nfruition. After searching Flannigan's personal computer, he finds enough evidence to prove Flannigan and her fellow Secret Service agent Ben Devine (Billy Burke) used Soneji as a pawn in their own plot. He tracks them down to a secluded farmhouse where Flannigan has murdered Devine and is now intent on eliminating Megan Rose. Cross saves Megan and shoots Flannigan in the heart, killing her. Afterwards, Cross takes Megan back to her parents. One of the primary elements of the book screenwriter Marc Moss eliminated from his script was the fact that Soneji is actually a mild-mannered suburban husband and father",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (novel series)\"\nSoneji dies, which would therefore erase him from any future adaptation of \"\"Cat and Mouse\"\", nor does Soneji escape from prison, nor is the trial in court seen or mentioned in the film. A proposed third film based on \"\"Pop Goes the Weasel!\"\", but after \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" was panned at the box office, the plans were canceled. Many years after \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\"'s release, a reboot was revealed to be in the works, set for a 2011 release date. Idris Elba was attached to the film as the role of Alex Cross in the film. It was",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nto the audience. It draws you in to a (relatively) realistic depiction of a tense situation in which people behave less like action heroes and more like human beings.\"\" Compuserve's Harvey Karten argued, \"\"Some critics will tell you that despite Lee Tamahori's overplotting of Marc Moss's adaptation of James Patterson's novel, \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" is one of those thrillers that allow you to check your brains at the door. Not true. Did the journalists all go for popcorn when Detective Alex Cross and Special Agent Jezzie Flannigan (nice spelling) engaged first in a discussion of psychology and then of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (novel)\"\nhis life any further, Cross returns home to spend time with his family. Alex Cross: An African-American forensic psychologist as well as a detective, described as good-looking and well-built. He is often referred to as \"\"Doctor Detective.\"\" Despite being very dedicated to his job, he manages to be a devoted father to his two children. His wife, Maria, was killed in a shooting before the novel begins and he is romantically involved with Jezzie Flannagan before he finds out her role in Maggie Rose's disappearance. Jezzie Flannagan: Before the kidnapping of Maggie Rose and Michael Goldberg, she held an esteemed",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross\"\nAlex has bad luck with women. His wife Maria was murdered before the series began. His lover in \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\", Jezzie Flanigan, is involved in the kidnapping of two children, for which she is executed by lethal injection. In \"\"Kiss The Girls\"\", Cross develops a deep friendship with Dr. Kateyla \"\"Kate\"\" McTiernan. There were hints of a possible romantic relationship, but they preferred to remain friends. In \"\"Jack & Jill\"\", Alex meets Christine Johnson for the first time and falls in love with her by \"\"Cat & Mouse\"\", in which they start dating. In \"\"Pop Goes the Weasel\"\",",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross\"\nIan Flaherty is compromised and arrested. Gary Soneji first appears in \"\"Along Came a Spider.\"\" He kidnaps two children. At the end of that book Soneji is in prison, but in \"\"Kiss the Girls,\"\" he escapes. In \"\"Jack and Jill,\"\" Cross gets a call from Gary saying that he'll be seeing him soon. In \"\"Cat and Mouse,\"\" Soneji returns, opening fire in subway stations and killing his wife Missy. He locks his daughter Roni in a cellar as had happened to him as a kid. Eventually Cross finds out that while in prison Gary was raped and now has a",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nfact one of Megan's sneakers is in the detective's mailbox, proving Soneji is the kidnapper. Cross deduces the man is obsessed with the 1932 Charles A. Lindbergh Jr. kidnapping and hopes to become as infamous as Bruno Hauptmann by committing a new \"\"Crime of the Century\"\" which might be discussed by Cross in one of his true crime books. Megan's kidnapping proves to be only part of Soneji's real plan: to kidnap Dimitri Starodubov (Anton Yelchin), the son of the Russian president, guaranteeing himself greater infamy. After Cross and Flannigan foil his second kidnapping plot, a supposed call from the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nbook include: Dimitri (Michael \"\"Shrimpie\"\" Goldberg as referred to in the book) being kidnapped at the same time as Megan (Maggie); Megan's (Maggie's) mother was the more famous of her parents, being a popular actress; when the children are kidnapped they are sprayed with chloroform spray. Box office receipts totaled US$105,178,561, of which $74,078,174 was from the United States having earned US$16,712,407 in its opening weekend at 2,530 theaters. The film received mixed to negative reviews and has a \"\"rotten\"\" rating of 31% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 125 critic reviews. Elvis Mitchell of \"\"The New York Times\"\" called the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (novel series)\"\nnearly the entire story's plot, except for the fact that Alex's niece is kidnapped and its primary antagonist is Casanova. A significant, and well-noted, change upon the books in the movies is that John Sampson is not white but African-American, like Alex himself. Kyle Craig is briefly seen in \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\". \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\"'s adaptation was also changed with the film taking out major plot elements or changing them. For instance, Jezzie Flannagan and Alex Cross are dating in the book, but are described as only friends in the film. Also, the most important changed elements is Gary",
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"chunk_text": "\"Cat and Mouse (novel)\"\nCat and Mouse (novel) Cat and Mouse is the fourth novel in the Alex Cross series by James Patterson. It revolves around Cross dealing with Gary Soneji, the villain of \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\", and a serial killer known only as Mr. Smith. The book begins with Gary Soneji breaking into Alex Cross' home in Washington DC and contemplating the murders of Cross and his family. In London the killer dubbed Mr. Smith by the press is conducting a live autopsy. Mr. Smith explains to his victim what he will be feeling and that he envies his victim. At union",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (novel series)\"\nfavorable reviews, especially \"\"Double Cross;\"\" \"\"Cross Fire;\"\" \"\"I, Alex Cross;\"\" and \"\"Alex Cross, Run\"\". The series is published worldwide, with Little, Brown currently holding publication rights in the United States, in paperback, hardcover, and audiobook editions. The first book in the series, \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\", was released in 1993 to positive reviews, spawning a series of over twenty subsequent novels. The series has led to three films, \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" (1997), \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" (2001), and \"\"Alex Cross\"\" (2012). Alex Cross is a widower-detective-father who often fights against threatening villains—and criminals—who wish to kill Cross and others. It",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nEbert thought that Freeman's performance made Cross an intriguing character, even when the plot was verging on the nonsensical. Robert Koehler of \"\"Variety\"\" felt \"\"the very characteristics that have made Cross so appealing, particularly his mind-tickling abilities to assess and outmaneuver his criminal opponents, are reduced here to the most fundamental and predictable level ... As reliable as any actor in Hollywood, Freeman delivers the requisite gravitas, but the bland script curtails any personal touches he might have inserted were his sleuth character unraveling a truly vexing mystery.\"\" However, critic Harvey O'Brian weighed in with the sentiment that \"\"Unlike, for",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nphilosophy? This may have been Phil 101, but imagine the interest that must have been aroused in the audience with a product placement for university education. Says Cross in discussing what makes us choose our careers: 'You do what you are.' 'Not so,' replies Jezzie, every hair in place, not one gram of makeup disturbed, despite the excitement of the discussion... 'You are what you do.'\"\" Jerry Goldsmith won the BMI Film & TV Award for his original score, and Morgan Freeman was nominated for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture but lost to Denzel",
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"chunk_text": "\"Devon Sawa\"\nDevon Sawa Devon Edward Sawa (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He began acting when he was a teen, appearing in the films \"\"Little Giants\"\" (1994), \"\"Casper\"\" (1995), \"\"Now and Then\"\" (1995), \"\"Night of the Twisters\"\" (1996), \"\"Wild America\"\" (1997), and \"\"SLC Punk!\"\" (1998). In 1999 he starred in the comedy horror film \"\"Idle Hands\"\" with Jessica Alba. A year later he was cast as Alex Browning in the horror film \"\"Final Destination\"\". From 2010 to 2013, he had a recurring role on the drama spy fiction series \"\"Nikita\"\" as Owen Elliot. Sawa was born in Vancouver, British",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (film)\"\nsuffering from dissociative identity disorder resulting from having been abused as a child. After a lengthy trial for kidnapping and several murders not included in the film, he is found guilty but remanded to a mental institution to serve his sentence. Also missing from the film is a romantic relationship shared by Cross and Jezzie, her trial and eventual execution by lethal injection, and the discovery of Megan (Maggie as she is known in the book), hidden away with a native Bolivian family near the Andes Mountains, two years after her kidnapping. A few other minor differences from the original",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (film)\"\nMercier is arrested in Indonesia, where he will be condemned to death by firing squad. Having avenged Maria's murder, Cross decides to accept the job offer from the FBI and moved to Washington with his family. A reboot film about Alex Cross character began development in 2010, with a screenplay by Kerry Williamson and James Patterson. David Twohy was attached as director, and was set to rewrite the screenplay. In August 2010, Idris Elba was cast as Cross. Towards the end of 2010, QED International purchased the rights, and initial screenplay by Williamson and Patterson. By January 2011, Tyler Perry",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross\"\nit was of her. She cried in \"\"Merry Christmas, Alex Cross\"\" when Alex was called away on Christmas Eve, worrying that he might not return. Despite occasional arguments, they consistently show support for each other. Alex has three children, two by Maria, and the other by Christine. Janelle and Damon were part of the story from \"\"Along Came A Spider\"\" to \"\"Pop Goes the Weasel\"\", when \"\"Ali\"\" appears. Both Damon and Janelle were too little to remember Maria. Alex makes time with them whenever he can. He takes them to the movies or for ice cream. He also trains them",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross\"\ninvites Cross over for dinner. However, before Alex departs, he discovers that Casanova is really Nick Ruskin and guesses that he is going to kill Kate. He arrives in time to stop him from killing her, but is unable to use his gun due to the gas leak that Nick has caused. Trying to buy time, Alex talks with Nick, growing enraged when Nick talks about holding Naomi hostage. Nick taunts Alex, claiming they are the same, Alex shoots through a milk carton (to extinguish any spark) and kills Nick. In \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\", Alex is struggling to forgive",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (novel series)\"\nrumored to be based on \"\"I, Alex Cross\"\", but director Rob Cohen denied this, revealing he only titled the film like such so as to tell fans: \"\"their hero was back\"\"; to avoid confusion the film's name was changed to \"\"Alex Cross\"\" with Tyler Perry replacing Elba. Edward Burns and Matthew Fox were later confirmed to star as Cross's partner, Tommy Kane, and the main antagonist, Picasso. The film was later confirmed to be based on the 12th book in the series, \"\"Cross\"\". The film was released on October 19, 2012, to mixed to negative reviews. The film was a",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (novel)\"\nGoldberg's corpse is discovered, and the Dunnes receive a telegram demanding $10 million. Cross, Sampson and the FBI investigate, and Cross begins an affair with Jezzie Flannagan. He is ordered to deliver the money to Walt Disney World in Orlando, wondering how Soneji knows about his involvement. A man takes him on a plane, flying to a small island and taking the money, but never delivering Maggie Rose. At the old farmhouse, police officers find the empty graves where the children were held. Soneji returns to his home in Wilmington, Delaware, where it is revealed he has a wife and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Kyle Craig\"\nonwards, Craig is one of Cross' most formidable adversaries. In the film adaptations of Patterson's novels \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" and \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\", Craig is played by Jay O. Sanders. Serial killer Kyle Craig was raised in rural Charlotte, North Carolina to a general, who abused him emotionally and physically at a young age and later a claim which is denied by both his older brother and mother whom both state Kyle liked to \"\"make stuff up\"\". His elder brother once said that he became such a mean kid that they kicked him out of the house to live",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (film)\"\nPrior to the film's release, it was announced that \"\"Double Cross\"\" would be adapted into a film, with Perry reprising his role. However, the film was cancelled after \"\"Alex Cross\"\" did not perform well at the box office. Alex Cross (film) Alex Cross is a 2012 American crime thriller film directed by Rob Cohen and starring Tyler Perry as the title character and Matthew Fox as the villain Picasso. The adapted screenplay was written by Marc Moss and Kerry Williamson. It is based on the novel \"\"Cross\"\" by James Patterson and the third installment of the \"\"Alex Cross\"\" film series,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Kiss the Girls (1997 film)\"\nviewer interest.\"\" Judd was nominated for Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Drama at the 1998 Satellite Awards. Four years after \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\", a film adaptation of \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" was released. Morgan Freeman reprised his role. Later, the franchise was rebooted with a 2012 adaptation of the novel \"\"Cross\"\", titled \"\"Alex Cross\"\", starring Tyler Perry in the titular role. Kiss the Girls (1997 film) Kiss the Girls is a 1997 American neo-noir psychological thriller film directed by Gary Fleder and starring Morgan Freeman, Ashley Judd, and Cary Elwes. The screenplay by David Klass is based on",
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"chunk_text": "\"Monica Potter\"\ndied in 2002 of cardiovascular disease. Monica Potter Monica Potter (born Monica Gregg Brokaw; June 30, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles in the films \"\"Con Air\"\" (1997), \"\"Patch Adams\"\" (1998), and \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" (2001). She also appeared in the horror films \"\"Saw\"\" (2004) and the 2009 remake of \"\"The Last House on the Left\"\". Potter has also appeared on television, as a series regular on \"\"Boston Legal\"\", as well as a Golden Globe-nominated role as Kristina Braverman in the NBC drama series \"\"Parenthood\"\" (2010-2015). She was a series regular in the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (film)\"\nPictures, the film was released by Lionsgate Films on October 19, 2012. Dr. Alex Cross (Tyler Perry) is a psychologist and police lieutenant who now lives in Detroit with his wife Maria (Carmen Ejogo) and their children. After learning Maria is pregnant, Cross considers accepting a job as an FBI profiler. Meanwhile, a man (Matthew Fox) participates in an underground fighting match and seduces businesswoman Fan Yau (Stephanie Jacobsen). The man is invited to Yau's house, where he kills her. At the crime scene, Cross finds a charcoal sketch left behind by the killer in the style of the artist",
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"chunk_text": "\"Along Came a Spider (novel)\"\nMike Devine and Charley Chakely, the Secret Service agents in charge of protecting Maggie Rose and Michael when they were kidnapped. He meets with Soneji, who confirms he may have been followed. He did not make the connection until he recognized the man at his trial: Mike Devine. Cross meets with the FBI, who have believed for some time that Devine and Chakely took the ransom money, hiring and later murdering the pilot from Florida. Cross also learns that no other than Jezzie Flannagan masterminded the kidnapping using her lover, Devine, as a pawn. Around the same time, Soneji escapes",
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"chunk_text": "\"Kyle Craig\"\nshows up at Cross's honeymoon and attempts to take Cross' family hostage. With the help of Stone, Cross eventually subdues and arrests Craig, who is surprised that Cross refuses to kill him. As he is being taken into custody, Craig steals an officer's gun and shoots an air tank, which explodes and seemingly kills him. This marks the final appearance of Kyle Craig, officially making him the most recurring villain in the series. Kyle Craig has been in two films of the \"\"Alex Cross series\"\". He appeared in \"\"Kiss the Girls\"\" and \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\", being played by Jay",
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"chunk_text": "\"Gary Shail\"\nGary Shail Gary Shail (born 10 November 1959) is an English actor, director, producer and musician. Gary Shail began work in TV and film in 1977 and is best known for his roles as Spider in the 1979 film \"\"Quadrophenia\"\" and as Steve, the punky teenager in \"\"The Metal Mickey TV Show. Shail appeared in the 1980 series \"\"The Further Adventures of Oliver Twist\"\", portrayed Oscar Drill in \"\"Shock Treatment\"\", the 1981 follow-up to \"\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\"\", and portrayed Guy Raines in the 1983 BBC production \"\"Johnny Jarvis\"\". He wrote the original songs and theme music for this",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dominic Janes\"\nthe L.A. Connection in Sherman Oaks, California. His mother is an attorney and his father is a poet, and he has a brother Ian. His relative is Joe Preston. Dominic Janes Dominic Janes (born February 11, 1994) is an American actor. Born Dominic Roque Janes Centorbi in Tucson, Arizona, Janes has had recurring roles in \"\"ER\"\", as Alex Taggart, the son of Linda Cardellini's character R.N. Samantha Taggart, and in \"\"Dexter\"\", as the younger version of the title character. He also appeared in \"\"Crossing Jordan\"\". He starred in the Cartoon Network original film \"\"Re-Animated\"\" and its spin-off series \"\"Out of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (novel series)\"\nminor box office success, grossing $32 million against its $23 million budget. Matthew Fox and Tyler Perry were praised for their roles in the film however. Despite negative reception, a sequel based on \"\"Double Cross\"\" is being created, with Perry and Patterson in early talks for a deal for a sequel. Perry was confirmed to reprise his role as Cross for the sequel. The film still needs casting and a script however. A deal is being finalized between Patterson and Perry. However, as of 2018 no official word has been said on the sequel, with only news of Patterson and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Gary Shail\"\nand Wayne Sleep. The film is due for release early 2018. Selected films include: TV: Gary Shail Gary Shail (born 10 November 1959) is an English actor, director, producer and musician. Gary Shail began work in TV and film in 1977 and is best known for his roles as Spider in the 1979 film \"\"Quadrophenia\"\" and as Steve, the punky teenager in \"\"The Metal Mickey TV Show. Shail appeared in the 1980 series \"\"The Further Adventures of Oliver Twist\"\", portrayed Oscar Drill in \"\"Shock Treatment\"\", the 1981 follow-up to \"\"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\"\", and portrayed Guy Raines in the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Browning\"\ndirected both horror classics \"\"Dracula\"\" and \"\"Freaks\"\". Besides Alex, Wong also chose the name of Alex's best friend, Tod Waggner, as a reference to the director's first name. Sawa's performance earned him a Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor, and a nomination from Blockbuster Entertainment Awards for Favorite Actor in Horror (Internet Only). Moreover, Sawa's performance of Alex received generally positive reviews among critics. Stephen Holden of \"\"The New York Times\"\" commented that \"\"The disaster and Alex's premonitions set up a heavy-handed fable about death and teenage illusions of invulnerability.\"\", while Jami Bernard of the \"\"New York",
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"chunk_text": "\"Alex Cross (film)\"\nhad replaced Elba in the starring role, and Cohen was hired as director. QED set Marc Moss, who worked on the previous Alex Cross films, to refine the screenplay for Perry and Cohen. With a production budget of $35 million, filming began on August 8, 2011 in Cleveland, Ohio and lasted until September 16, 2011. Filming locations in northeast Ohio served as a backdrop to Detroit, Michigan, where the character works for the Detroit Police Department. After Ohio, filming also took place in Detroit itself for two weeks. Fox developed an extremely muscular physique for his role as Picasso, and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Cross My Heart (novel)\"\nCross My Heart (novel) Cross My Heart is the 21st novel in the Alex Cross series all written by author James Patterson. The novel takes place after \"\"Alex Cross, Run\"\", in which Alex tries contemplating a life outside the Metro Police, after the apparent death of Ava, an orphan girl they took in. It was initially not planned by Patterson, but was later confirmed to be in the works. The novel will once again feature Metro Police detective Alex Cross. \"\"Cross My Heart\"\" will be released 20 years after the original novel, \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\" was released. The novel's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7508527",
"chunk_text": "\"Emory Cohen\"\nEmory Cohen Emory Isaac Cohen (born March 13, 1990) is an American actor. He made his feature film debut in \"\"Afterschool\"\" (2008). He is best known for his roles as AJ Cross in Derek Cianfrance's film \"\"The Place Beyond the Pines\"\" (2012), Tony Fiorello in John Crowley's film \"\"Brooklyn\"\" (2015) and Homer in the Netflix series \"\"The OA\"\" (2016). Cohen was born in Manhattan, the only child of Donna (née Ackerman), a director of a preschool, and Noel Cohen, a music teacher. He is Jewish, a fourth generation New Yorker whose ancestors emigrated from Russia. Cohen made his stage debut",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11639256",
"chunk_text": "\"Cross (novel)\"\nWashington DC, not Detroit. Damon is the eldest child, not Janelle who was still a baby when Maria was killed in a drive-by (not by a sniper). Alex's partner and best friend is John Sampson, a black man bigger even that Cross, not a skinny white guy. Patterson implies in the on-disc interviews that this Alex Cross movie should be considered as a reboot of the franchise and is meant to continue through to the current novels. He also said that, although he loved Morgan Freeman in the first two movies, Along Came a Spider and Kiss the Girls, Tyler",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1954498",
"chunk_text": "\"Cat and Mouse (novel)\"\nPierce from killing himself and the two end up fighting. Sampson shoots Pierce, pointblank. Cat and Mouse (novel) Cat and Mouse is the fourth novel in the Alex Cross series by James Patterson. It revolves around Cross dealing with Gary Soneji, the villain of \"\"Along Came a Spider\"\", and a serial killer known only as Mr. Smith. The book begins with Gary Soneji breaking into Alex Cross' home in Washington DC and contemplating the murders of Cross and his family. In London the killer dubbed Mr. Smith by the press is conducting a live autopsy. Mr. Smith explains to his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6643335",
"chunk_text": "\"Big Ass Spider!\"\nBig Ass Spider! Big Ass Spider! is a 2013 science fiction comedy-horror film directed by Mike Mendez. The film tells the story of a bug exterminator, who, with the help of a hospital security guard and the military, battles a giant spider that goes on a rampage in Los Angeles. Alex Mathis (Greg Grunberg) is a cash-strapped but good-natured exterminator working in Los Angeles. While helping an elderly woman with a rodent problem, he is bitten by a poisonous spider and is treated at a hospital. Meanwhile, a mortician is bitten by a rodent-sized spider that crawls out of a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8694648",
"chunk_text": "\"Dominic Janes\"\nDominic Janes Dominic Janes (born February 11, 1994) is an American actor. Born Dominic Roque Janes Centorbi in Tucson, Arizona, Janes has had recurring roles in \"\"ER\"\", as Alex Taggart, the son of Linda Cardellini's character R.N. Samantha Taggart, and in \"\"Dexter\"\", as the younger version of the title character. He also appeared in \"\"Crossing Jordan\"\". He starred in the Cartoon Network original film \"\"Re-Animated\"\" and its spin-off series \"\"Out of Jimmy's Head\"\". He also portrayed Billy Madsen in the 2007 movie \"\"Wild Hogs\"\". He voiced Squidboy in television series \"\"Wolverine and the X-Men\"\". Janes has performed improvisation comedy at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_935
|
who was the first signatory of the israeli declaration of independence?
|
n/a
|
[
"David Ben-Gurion"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18136349",
"chunk_text": "\"Peretz Bernstein\"\nPeretz Bernstein Peretz Bernstein (, born Shlomo Fritz Bernstein; 12 June 1890 – 21 March 1971) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Bernstein was born in Meiningen in the German Empire. He moved to the Netherlands before World War I, where he worked in the grain trade. In 1917 he joined the Zionist Organisation, serving as secretary and board member. In 1925 he became editor-in-chief of a Zionist weekly, a role he held until 1935, and between 1930 and 1934 served as the Zionist Organisation's president. He emigrated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11982586",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\naudience \"\"I shall now read to you the scroll of the Establishment of the State, which has passed its first reading by the National Council\"\", Ben-Gurion proceeded to read out the declaration, taking 16 minutes, ending with the words \"\"Let us accept the Foundation Scroll of the Jewish State by rising\"\" and calling on Rabbi Fishman to recite the Shehecheyanu blessing. As leader of the Yishuv, David Ben-Gurion was the first person to sign. The declaration was due to be signed by all 37 members of Moetzet HaAm. However, twelve members could not attend, eleven of them trapped in besieged",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19504337",
"chunk_text": "\"Peretz Bernstein\"\nhe ran again for president, but lost by 67–33 to Zalman Shazar. Bernstein lost his seat in the 1965 elections and died in 1971. Peretz Bernstein Peretz Bernstein (, born Shlomo Fritz Bernstein; 12 June 1890 – 21 March 1971) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Bernstein was born in Meiningen in the German Empire. He moved to the Netherlands before World War I, where he worked in the grain trade. In 1917 he joined the Zionist Organisation, serving as secretary and board member. In 1925 he became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11722191",
"chunk_text": "\"Avraham Granot\"\nAvraham Granot Avraham Granot (, born Abraham Granovsky; 18 June 1890 – 5 July 1962) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Granot was born in Făleşti, Bessarabia in the Russian Empire (today Moldova). He attended Gymnasia Herzliya in Tel Aviv. In 1911, he traveled to Switzerland to study law and political economy at the University of Fribourg and University of Lausanne, graduating with a PhD in 1917. In 1919 he began working for the Jewish National Fund in The Hague, and was relocated to Jerusalem in 1922. Two years later he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18812221",
"chunk_text": "\"Mordechai Bentov\"\nMordechai Bentov Mordechai Bentov (, born Mordechai Gutgeld on 28 March 1900, died 18 January 1985) was an Israeli journalist and politician, and was one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in Grodzisk Mazowiecki in the Russian Empire (now in Poland), Bentov studied law for two years at the University of Warsaw and was one of the founding members and leaders of Hashomer Hatzair in Poland. He immigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1920, and continued studying law in Jerusalem. He had one younger sister, Shulamit Bat-Dori, who followed him to Palestine in 1923 and went on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3126585",
"chunk_text": "\"Meir David Loewenstein\"\nMeir David Loewenstein Meir David Loewenstein (, also spelt Levenstein or Levinstein; 1904 – 15 August 1995) was an Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in Copenhagen in Denmark in 1904, Loewenstein studied at a business school in Switzerland and a rabbinical seminary in Amsterdam, Netherlands. During his youth he became involved in the European Agudat Yisrael youth movement, of which he later became chair. After immigrating to Mandatory Palestine in 1934, he remained active in Agudat Yisrael. As a prominent member of the organisation, Loewenstein became a member of Moetzet HaAm",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "115529",
"chunk_text": "\"Zvi Lurie\"\nZvi Lurie Zvi Lurie (, 1 June, 1906 – 21 May 1968) was a Jewish political figure in Mandate Palestine. A member of the Jewish National Council, he was amongst the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Lurie was born in Łódź in the Russian Empire (today in Poland) and immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1924. Lurie was a founder of kibbutz Ein Shemer and was a member of its affiliation organisation, Hashomer Hatzair, serving as its general secretary between 1935 and 1937. He was a member of the Jewish National Council on behalf of Hashomer Hatzair, and was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11982569",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\nIsraeli Declaration of Independence The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel. It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1751399",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\nIsraeli Declaration of Independence The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel. It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18581784",
"chunk_text": "\"Moshe Kol\"\nMoshe Kol Moshe Kol (, born Moshe Kolodny on 28 May 1911, died 7 July 1989) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Moshe Kolodny (later Kol) was born in Pinsk in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus). He studied at a heder and Hebrew high school in his home town, and was one of the founders of HaOved HaTzioni youth movement in Poland. He immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1932 and joined Kibbutz Hamefales in Kfar Saba, which was associated with HaOved HaTzioni. He joined the Histadrut trade",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20742725",
"chunk_text": "\"Eliezer Kaplan\"\n(government complex) were all named in his honour. Eliezer Kaplan Eliezer Kaplan (; ; 27 January 1891–13 July 1952) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician, one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence and the country's first Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister. Born in Minsk in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus), Kaplan attended a Heder and high school in Łowicz. He joined the Socialist Zionist Party in 1905, and was one of the founders of the \"\"Youth of Zion – Renewal\"\" movement in 1908, elected secretary of its Minsk Region branch in 1912. He also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20742721",
"chunk_text": "\"Eliezer Kaplan\"\nEliezer Kaplan Eliezer Kaplan (; ; 27 January 1891–13 July 1952) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician, one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence and the country's first Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister. Born in Minsk in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus), Kaplan attended a Heder and high school in Łowicz. He joined the Socialist Zionist Party in 1905, and was one of the founders of the \"\"Youth of Zion – Renewal\"\" movement in 1908, elected secretary of its Minsk Region branch in 1912. He also helped found the \"\"Youth of Zion\"\" movement in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3271127",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\nalmost 50% compared to the 1947 UN Partition Plan. Following the declaration, Moetzet HaAm became the Provisional State Council, which acted as the legislative body for the new state until the first elections in January 1949. Many of the signatories would play a prominent role in Israeli politics following independence; Moshe Sharett and Golda Meir both served as Prime Minister, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi became the country's second president in 1952, and several others served as ministers. David Remez was the first signatory to pass away, dying in May 1951, while Meir Vilner, the youngest signatory at just 29, was the longest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11982589",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\nhis name to Vardi, he later admitted to regretting not signing as Rosenblum. Several other signatories later Hebraised their names, including Meir Argov (Grabovsky), Peretz Bernstein (then Fritz Bernstein), Avraham Granot (Granovsky), Avraham Nissan (Katznelson), Moshe Kol (Kolodny), Yehuda Leib Maimon (Fishman), Golda Meir (Meyerson/Myerson), Pinchas Rosen (Felix Rosenblueth) and Moshe Sharett (Shertok). Other signatories added their own touches, including Saadia Kobashi who added the phrase \"\"HaLevy\"\", referring to the tribe of Levi. After Sharett, the last of the signatories, had put his name to paper, the audience again stood and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra played \"\"Hatikvah\"\". Ben-Gurion concluded the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15782465",
"chunk_text": "\"Avraham Katznelson\"\nAvraham Katznelson Dr Avraham Katznelson (, also known as Avraham Nissan, born 1888, died 18 May 1956) was a Zionist political figure in Mandate Palestine and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Katznelson was born in 1888 in Babruysk in the Russian Empire, now in Belarus. A doctor and resident of Jerusalem, Katznelson was a member of the central committees of both Mapai and Hashomer Hatzair, representing the former in the Vaad Leumi and Moetzet HaAm, and also serving as director of the health department of the Zionist Executive. As such, in 1948 he was amongst the signatories",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15726554",
"chunk_text": "\"Eliyahu Berligne\"\nA founder of the Progressive Party, Berligne later joined the General Zionists and was a member of the Jewish National Council. He served as treasurer of the council between 1920 and 1948, as well as manager of Bank Hapoalim. In 1948 he was amongst the 37 people to sign Israel's declaration of independence, although he was unable to attend the declaration ceremony due to illness. Eliyahu Berligne Eliyahu Berligne (, born 1866 died 25 February 1959) was a founder of Tel Aviv, an important member of the Yishuv in Mandate Palestine and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3271123",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\nof his name would have fitted alphabetically, but he insisted on signing under his actual name so as to honour his father's memory and so moved down two spaces. He and Vilner would be the last surviving signatories, and remained close for the rest of their lives. Of the signatories, two were women (Golda Meir (Meyerson/Myerson) and Rachel Cohen-Kagan). When Herzl Rosenblum, a journalist, was called up to sign, Ben-Gurion instructed him to sign under the name Herzl Vardi, his pen name, as he wanted more Hebrew names on the document. Although Rosenblum acquiesced to Ben-Gurion's request and legally changed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "796062",
"chunk_text": "\"Avraham Granot\"\nof the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Weizmann Institute of Science. In 1960, Granot was elected chairman of the JNF Board of Directors. Neve Granot, a neighborhood in Jerusalem near the Israel Museum is named for him. The main street is Avraham Granot Street. Avraham Granot Avraham Granot (, born Abraham Granovsky; 18 June 1890 – 5 July 1962) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Granot was born in Făleşti, Bessarabia in the Russian Empire (today Moldova). He attended Gymnasia Herzliya in Tel Aviv. In 1911, he traveled to Switzerland",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1158992",
"chunk_text": "\"David Remez\"\nDavid Remez David Remez (, born David Drabkin in 1886, died 19 May 1951) was an Israeli politician, the country's first Minister of Transportation, and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Remez was born in the village of Kopys in the Russian Empire (now in Belarus) in 1886 and attended high school there. He studied Law in Turkey before starting work as a teacher. He moved to Ottoman Palestine in 1913, and worked as an agricultural laborer in Ben Shemen, Be'er Tuvia, Karkur and Zikhron Ya'akov. He became involved in politics and trade unionism soon after the Mandate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9722289",
"chunk_text": "\"Saadia Kobashi\"\nSaadia Kobashi Saadia Kobashi (; , 1904–1990) was a leader of the Yemenite Jewish community in Israel, and one of the signatories of the country's declaration of independence. Born in Yemen, he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine in 1909, settling in Jerusalem. A member of the Jewish National Council and Moetzet HaAm on behalf of the Yemenite Association, he signed the declaration of independence in 1948 as \"\"S. Kobashi\"\", adding \"\"HaLevi\"\" at the end (referring to the tribe of Levi). After independence, he moved to Tel Aviv and was appointed supervisor of the Religious-Zionist education system. He became headmaster of a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18581787",
"chunk_text": "\"Moshe Kol\"\nwas again appointed Minister of Tourism, and again vacated his Knesset seat. He lost his place in the Knesset in the 1977 elections when the party was reduced to just one seat. After leaving the Knesset he wrote several books on Israeli society and foreign affairs, and died in 1989. Moshe Kol Moshe Kol (, born Moshe Kolodny on 28 May 1911, died 7 July 1989) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Moshe Kolodny (later Kol) was born in Pinsk in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus). He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19504140",
"chunk_text": "\"Rachel Cohen-Kagan\"\nRachel Cohen-Kagan Rachel Cohen-Kagan (; 19 February 1888 – 15 October 1982) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician, and one of only two women to sign the Israeli declaration of independence. Rachel Lubersky (later Cohen-Kagan) was born in the city of Odessa in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Cohen-Kagan attended university in her home city and Moscow. She immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1919 on board the ship \"\"Ruslan\"\", and became involved in the Women's International Zionist Organization (WIZO). Cohen-Kagan had two children. In 1932 she was appointed chairwoman of the Committee for Social Aid in the Community",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11982587",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\nJerusalem and one abroad. The remaining 25 signatories present were called up in alphabetical order to sign, leaving spaces for those absent. Although a space was left for him between the signatures of Eliyahu Dobkin and Meir Vilner, Zerach Warhaftig signed at the top of the next column, leading to speculation that Vilner's name had been left alone to isolate him, or to stress that even a communist agreed with the declaration. However, Warhaftig later denied this, stating that a space had been left for him (as he was one of the signatories trapped in Jerusalem) where a Hebraicised form",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11894372",
"chunk_text": "\"Herzl Rosenblum\"\nHerzl Rosenblum Herzl Rosenblum (, also known as Herzl Vardi, 14 August 1903 – 1 February 1991) was an Israeli journalist and politician. A signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence, he worked as editor of Yedioth Ahronoth for more than 35 years. Born in Kaunas in the Russian Empire (today in Lithuania), Rosenblum moved to Vienna after experiencing anti-semitism and being prevented from studying law. In Vienna, he studied law and economics, gaining a PhD. He then moved to London, where he worked as an aide to Ze'ev Jabotinsky, a leader of the Revisionist Zionism movement. In 1935 he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14934035",
"chunk_text": "\"Eliyahu Dobkin\"\nEliyahu Dobkin Eliyahu Dobkin (, 31 December 1898 – 26 October 1976) was a leading figure of the Labor Zionism movement, a signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence and a founder of the Israel Museum. He was also active in the Jewish Agency and the World Zionist Organisation. Eliyahu Dobkin was born in Babruysk in the Russian Empire (today in Belarus) to a religious-Zionist family. His father, Yosef, worked in the lumber and banking industries, and was a member of the Mizrahi movement. Dobkin was schooled in a heder and gymnasium and later studied in Kharkiv (today in Ukraine),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17446646",
"chunk_text": "\"Meir Argov\"\nMeir Argov Meir Argov (, Meyer Grabovsky; 1905 – 24 November 1963) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in Rîbniţa in the Russian Empire (today in Transnistria/Moldova), Argov studied at a heder and then at Kiev University. He became involved in Zionist activism in his youth, heading the HeHalutz movement in Ukraine, and becoming a member of the Tzeiri Zion central committee in 1917. He was arrested for Zionist activities in 1922, and again in 1924, after which he was expelled from the Soviet Union. In 1927 he immigrated to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19504142",
"chunk_text": "\"Rachel Cohen-Kagan\"\non its list following the 1961 elections. However, Cohen-Kagan was one of the seven MKs that broke away from the party to found the Independent Liberals in opposition to the impending merger with Herut. She lost her seat in the 1965 elections. Rachel Cohen-Kagan Rachel Cohen-Kagan (; 19 February 1888 – 15 October 1982) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician, and one of only two women to sign the Israeli declaration of independence. Rachel Lubersky (later Cohen-Kagan) was born in the city of Odessa in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Cohen-Kagan attended university in her home city and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18767934",
"chunk_text": "\"David Ben-Gurion\"\nPalestine. On 14 May 1948, he formally proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel, and was the first to sign the Israeli Declaration of Independence, which he had helped to write. Ben-Gurion led Israel during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and united the various Jewish militias into the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Subsequently, he became known as \"\"Israel's founding father\"\". Following the war, Ben-Gurion served as Israel's first Prime Minister and Minister of Defense. As Prime Minister, he helped build the state institutions, presiding over various national projects aimed at the development of the country. He also oversaw the absorption",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11982575",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\nPinchas Rosen, Haim-Moshe Shapira, Moshe Sharett and Aharon Zisling. A second committee meeting, which included David Ben-Gurion, Yehuda Leib Maimon, Sharett and Zisling produced the final text. On 12 May 1948, the Minhelet HaAm (, lit. \"\"People's Administration\"\") was convened to vote on declaring independence. Three of the thirteen members were missing, with Yehuda Leib Maimon and Yitzhak Gruenbaum being blocked in besieged Jerusalem, while Yitzhak-Meir Levin was in the United States. The meeting started at 1:45 in the afternoon and ended after midnight. The decision was between accepting the American proposal for a truce, or declaring independence. The latter",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17446648",
"chunk_text": "\"Meir Argov\"\n1955, 1959 and 1961, serving as chair of the important Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee from 1951 onwards. He died in office in 1963. His seat was taken by Jenia Tversky. Meir Argov Meir Argov (, Meyer Grabovsky; 1905 – 24 November 1963) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in Rîbniţa in the Russian Empire (today in Transnistria/Moldova), Argov studied at a heder and then at Kiev University. He became involved in Zionist activism in his youth, heading the HeHalutz movement in Ukraine, and becoming a member of the Tzeiri",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7476772",
"chunk_text": "\"Berl Repetur\"\nBerl Repetur Berl Repetur (, 1902 – 23 March 1989) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in Ruzhyn in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Repetur was educated in a heder, and was a member of the Dror and HeHalutz youth movements. During the pogroms he helped to organize Jewish defense groups. In 1920, Repetur immigrated to Mandatory Palestine and joined Ahdut HaAvoda and the Haganah in Haifa. In 1922 he became a member of the Haifa Workers Council secretariat. In 1927, he was appointed secretary of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16360153",
"chunk_text": "\"Haim-Moshe Shapira\"\nHaim-Moshe Shapira Haim-Moshe Shapira (, 26 March 1902 – 16 July 1970) was a key Israeli politician in the early days of the state's existence. A signatory of Israel's declaration of independence, he served continuously as a minister from the country's foundation in 1948 until his death in 1970 apart from a brief spell in the late 1950s. Haim-Moshe Shapira was born to Zalman Shapira and Rosa Krupnik in the Russian Empire in Grodno in what is today Belarus, Shapiro was educated in cheder and a yeshiva, where he organised a youth group called \"\"Bnei Zion\"\" (lit. \"\"Sons of Zion\"\").",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11841063",
"chunk_text": "\"Saadia Kobashi\"\nreligious-Zionist school in Rosh HaAyin in 1949, where today a street is named after him. Saadia Kobashi Saadia Kobashi (; , 1904–1990) was a leader of the Yemenite Jewish community in Israel, and one of the signatories of the country's declaration of independence. Born in Yemen, he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine in 1909, settling in Jerusalem. A member of the Jewish National Council and Moetzet HaAm on behalf of the Yemenite Association, he signed the declaration of independence in 1948 as \"\"S. Kobashi\"\", adding \"\"HaLevi\"\" at the end (referring to the tribe of Levi). After independence, he moved to Tel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11982585",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\nhim. The car was stopped by a policeman for speeding while driving across the city though a ticket was not issued after it was explained that he was delaying the declaration of independence. Sherf arrived at the museum at 15:59. At 16:00, Ben-Gurion opened the ceremony by banging his gavel on the table, prompting a spontaneous rendition of Hatikvah, soon to be Israel's national anthem, from the 250 guests. On the wall behind the podium hung a picture of Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern Zionism, and two flags, later to become the official flag of Israel. After telling the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8719670",
"chunk_text": "\"Independence Hall (Israel)\"\nthe Tel Aviv Museum of Art in 1932. The museum moved to its current location in 1971. In the main hall of the building, at 4 PM on May 14, 1948, in the presence of the members of the Vaad Leumi (Jewish National Council) and the leaders of the Yishuv, David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel, eight hours before the British Mandate of Palestine was due to end. After Ben-Gurion read the Declaration of Independence, Rabbi Fischman (Maimon) recited the Shehecheyanu blessing, and the Declaration was signed. The ceremony concluded with the singing of Hatikvah, now",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13724758",
"chunk_text": "\"Haim-Moshe Shapira\"\nannexation of the West Bank to Israel, Shapira opposed it. Dayan wondered, \"\"How can a religious Jew be so yielding\"\". He remarked that Shapira's opinion differed from that of other party members. Haim-Moshe Shapira Haim-Moshe Shapira (, 26 March 1902 – 16 July 1970) was a key Israeli politician in the early days of the state's existence. A signatory of Israel's declaration of independence, he served continuously as a minister from the country's foundation in 1948 until his death in 1970 apart from a brief spell in the late 1950s. Haim-Moshe Shapira was born to Zalman Shapira and Rosa Krupnik",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9656265",
"chunk_text": "\"Yitzhak-Meir Levin\"\nin 1952 in protest at the National Service Law for Women. He remained a member of the Knesset until his death in 1971, but not a member of the cabinet; in his remaining terms, he represented Religious Torah Front—an alliance of Agudat Yisrael and its worker's branch Poalei Agudat Yisrael. Yitzhak-Meir Levin Yitzhak-Meir Levin, (, ; 30 January 1893 – 7 August 1971) was a Haredi politician in Poland and Israel. One of 37 people to sign the Israeli declaration of independence, he served in several Israeli cabinets, and was a longtime leader and Knesset minister for Agudat Yisrael and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11982593",
"chunk_text": "\"Israeli Declaration of Independence\"\nliving, serving in the Knesset until 1990 and dying in June 2003. Eliyahu Berligne, the oldest signatory at 82, died in 1959. Eleven minutes after midnight, the United States \"\"de facto\"\" recognized the State of Israel. This was followed by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's Iran (which had voted against the UN partition plan), Guatemala, Iceland, Nicaragua]l, Romania, and Uruguay. The Soviet Union was the first nation to fully recognize Israel de jure on 17 May 1948, followed by Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Ireland, and South Africa. The United States extended official recognition after the first Israeli election, as Truman had promised",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3021934",
"chunk_text": "\"Mordechai Shatner\"\nMordechai Shatner Mordechai Shatner (, 1904 – 1964) was a Zionist activist and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. A member of kibbutz Ein Harod, Shatner worked in Europe between the First and Second World Wars rescuing Jews, a period during which he met Adolf Eichmann. After the outbreak of World War II he worked for aliyah from England. After returning to Mandate Palestine, he joined the Vaad Leumi, working on national infrastructure. He campaigned against the treatment of Jewish prisoners held by the British, and was arrested during the Operation Agatha and imprisoned in the Atlit detainee",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13171997",
"chunk_text": "\"Nahum Nir\"\nNahum Nir Nahum Nir-Rafalkes (, 17 March 1884 – 10 July 1968) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. He is the only Speaker of the Knesset not to have been a member of the ruling party. Nahum Rafalkes (later Nir-Rafalkes) was born in Warsaw, then part of the Russian Empire. He studied at a Heder in the city before studying natural sciences at university in Warsaw, Zurich and St Petersburg. He also studied law at St Petersburg and Dorfat, gaining a LL.D in 1908. In 1903, he joined the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8297036",
"chunk_text": "\"Wolf Gold\"\nWolf Gold Rabbi Wolf Gold (, Ze'ev Gold, born Zev Krawczynski in 1889, died 8 April 1956) was a rabbi, Jewish activist, and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence Born in Szczuczyn he was a descendant on his father's side from at least eight generations of rabbis. Gold's first teacher was his maternal grandfather, Rabbi Yehoshuah Goldwasser. Later he studied at the Mir yeshiva under Rabbi Eliyahu Baruch Kamei. From there Gold moved on to study in Lida at Yeshiva Torah Vo'Da'as - the yeshiva of Rabbi Yitzchak Yaacov Reines where Torah was combined with secular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12485644",
"chunk_text": "\"Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit\"\nBechor-Shalom Sheetrit Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit (, 1895 – 28 January 1967) was an Israeli politician, minister and the only signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence to have been born in the country. He served as Minister of Police from independence until his death in 1967, making him the longest-serving cabinet member in the same portfolio to date. Born in Tiberias in the time of the Ottoman Empire to a Moroccan Jewish family who immigrated in the 19th century, Sheetrit was educated at a heder, Alliance school and a yeshiva. After school he attended the Hebrew University of Jerusalem where he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17810747",
"chunk_text": "\"Aharon Zisling\"\nAharon Zisling Aharon Zisling (, 26 February 1901 – 16 January 1964) was an Israeli politician and minister and a signatory of Israel's declaration of independence. Born in Minsk in the Russian Empire (now in Belarus), Zisling emigrated to Palestine in 1904. He was among the founders of Youth Aliyah and as a member of the Haganah command, and participated in the founding of the Palmach; he was a founder of the Ahdut HaAvoda party, a Jewish Agency delegate to the UN and a member of the Zionist Executive Committee. Following Israel's declaration of independence in 1948, he was appointed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12375196",
"chunk_text": "\"Kalman Kahana\"\nKalman Kahana Kalman Kahana (, 31 May 1910, Brody, western Ukraine – 20 August 1991) was a long-serving Israeli politician and journalist, and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. He was the brother of Yitzhak Kahan, former President of the Supreme Court of Israel. Kalman was born in Galicia, an area of the Austro-Hungarian Empire now in modern-day Ukraine. He studied Philosophy, Semitic Languages, History and Pedagogy at Berlin University and Würzburg University, eventually gaining a PhD in Philosophy. He also graduated as a Rabbi from the Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary of Berlin, and was also head of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15078740",
"chunk_text": "\"Meir Vilner\"\nMeir Vilner Meir Vilner (, born Ber Kovner; 23 October 1918 – 5 June 2003) was an Israeli communist politician and Jewish leader of the Communist Party of Israel (Maki), at one time a powerful force in the country. He was the youngest and longest surviving signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948. Born in Vilnius, German-occupied Lithuania, Vilner's political life began as the leader of the Marxist-oriented socialist-Zionist group HaShomer HaTzair (\"\"Young Guard\"\"). However, he soon grew disenchanted by what he viewed as a tendency in Zionist groups to dream of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, rather",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15726553",
"chunk_text": "\"Eliyahu Berligne\"\nEliyahu Berligne Eliyahu Berligne (, born 1866 died 25 February 1959) was a founder of Tel Aviv, an important member of the Yishuv in Mandate Palestine and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence. Born in what is today Belarus in 1866, Berligne was an activist in Hovevei Zion and attended the First Zionist Congress. An opponent of the British Uganda Program, he visited Ottoman Palestine in 1905, and immigrated two years later, settling in Jaffa. After arriving, he founded an olive oil and soap factory in the Haifa and Gush Dan area, with the principle of Hebrew Labour.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14532556",
"chunk_text": "\"David-Zvi Pinkas\"\nremained chairman of the finance committee. In his role as minister, Pinkas stopped public transport from operating on Shabbat. In June 1952, a bomb was left on his doorstep by Amos Kenan and Shaltiel Ben Yair. He was not harmed in the assassination attempt but died two months later of a heart attack. He is buried in the Trumpeldor Cemetery in Tel Aviv. Ramat Pinkas was named after him. David-Zvi Pinkas David-Zvi Pinkas (, 5 December 1895 – 14 August 1952) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician. A signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence, he was the country's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8414004",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock of Israel\"\nthe Jewish leadership included those with secular and socialist convictions who sought a clear separation of church and state. Aharon Zisling, the left-wing leader of Mapam refused to sign the declaration of independence if it contained references to \"\"a God in whom he did not believe.\"\" The disagreement threatened to derail the actual and ceremonial proclamation of the establishment of a Jewish state in the former British Mandate of Palestine. Israeli leader David Ben-Gurion, who would become the country's first Prime Minister, spent the morning of 14 May mediating the dispute between Rabbi Maimon and Zisling. After hours of talks,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13172002",
"chunk_text": "\"Nahum Nir\"\nas Deputy Speaker when the Knesset reconvened. After being re-elected in 1961 he served again as Deputy speaker and chairman of the committee for public services. He lost his seat in the 1965 elections. Nahum Nir Nahum Nir-Rafalkes (, 17 March 1884 – 10 July 1968) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence. He is the only Speaker of the Knesset not to have been a member of the ruling party. Nahum Rafalkes (later Nir-Rafalkes) was born in Warsaw, then part of the Russian Empire. He studied at a Heder",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "115530",
"chunk_text": "\"Zvi Lurie\"\nco-opted into the Provisional State Council following Israel's declaration of independence in May 1948. He also helped establish Kol Yisrael, which broadcast the declaration. After signing the declaration, Lurie left Israel to work on strengthening ties between Israel and the Jewish people with the Jewish Agency as a representative of Mapam (of which Hashomer Hatzair was a part). He died in 1968. Zvi Lurie Zvi Lurie (, 1 June, 1906 – 21 May 1968) was a Jewish political figure in Mandate Palestine. A member of the Jewish National Council, he was amongst the signatories of the Israeli declaration of independence.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_936
|
who came up with the first working periodic table?
|
n/a
|
[
"Dmitri Mendeleev"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "6954",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nHistory of the periodic table The periodic table is an arrangement of the chemical elements and are organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations and recurring chemical properties. Elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number. The standard form of the table consists of a grid of elements with rows called periods and columns called groups. The history of the periodic table reflects over a century of growth in the understanding of chemical properties. The most important event in its history occurred in 1869, when the table was published by Dmitri Mendeleev, who built upon earlier",
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"chunk_id": "2468180",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nthe Periodic Law for the chemical elements\"\". He contributed the word 'periodic' in chemistry. The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was the first scientist to make a periodic table similar to the one used today. Mendeleev arranged the elements by atomic mass, corresponding to relative molar mass. It is sometimes said that he played 'chemical solitaire' on long train journeys, using cards with various facts about the known elements. On March 6, 1869, Mendeleev gave a formal presentation, \"\"The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements\"\", to the Russian Chemical Society. In 1869, the table was published",
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"chunk_id": "2468181",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nin an obscure Russian journal and then republished in a German journal, \"\"Zeitschrift für Chemie\"\". In it, Mendeleev stated that: Scientific benefits of Mendeleev's table Unknown to Mendeleev, a German chemist, Lothar Meyer, was also working on a periodic table. Although his work was published in 1864, and was done independently of Mendeleev, few historians regard him as an equal co-creator of the periodic table. Meyer's table only included twenty-eight elements, which were not classified by atomic weight, but by valence, and he never reached the idea of predicting new elements and correcting atomic weights. A few months after Mendeleev",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "3454998",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\ndisplayed are four simple rectangular areas or blocks associated with the filling of different atomic orbitals. The organization of the periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the various element properties, but also the predicted chemical properties and behaviours of undiscovered or newly synthesized elements. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was the first to publish a recognizable periodic table in 1869, developed mainly to illustrate periodic trends of the then-known elements. He also predicted some properties of unidentified elements that were expected to fill gaps within the table. Most of his forecasts proved to be correct. Mendeleev's idea has",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
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"chunk_id": "9319956",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nat regular intervals. His chart included some ions and compounds in addition to elements. His paper also used geological rather than chemical terms and did not include a diagram; as a result, it received little attention until the work of Dmitri Mendeleev. In 1864, Julius Lothar Meyer, a German chemist, published a table with 44 elements arranged by valency. The table showed that elements with similar properties often shared the same valency. Concurrently, English chemist William Odling published an arrangement of 57 elements, ordered on the basis of their atomic weights. With some irregularities and gaps, he noticed what appeared",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2468182",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\npublished his periodic table of the known elements, predicted new elements to help complete his table and corrected the atomic weights of some of the elements, Meyer published a virtually identical periodic table. Meyer and Mendeleev are considered by some historians of science to be the co-creators of the periodic table, but Mendeleev's accurate prediction of the qualities of undiscovered elements enables him to have the larger share of the credit. In 1864, the English chemist William Odling also drew up a table that was remarkably similar to the table produced by Mendeleev. Odling overcame the tellurium-iodine problem and even",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9580759",
"chunk_text": "\"Dmitri Mendeleev\"\nhas occasionally awarded a Mendeleev Golden Medal since 1965. Dmitri Mendeleev Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ( ; , <nowiki>,</nowiki> ; 8 February 18342 February 1907 ) was a Russian chemist and inventor. He formulated the Periodic Law, created a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements, and used it to correct the properties of some already discovered elements and also to predict the properties of eight elements yet to be discovered. Mendeleev was born in the village of Verkhnie Aremzyani, near Tobolsk in Siberia, to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev (1783–1847) and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (née Kornilieva) (1793–1850). His paternal grandfather Pavel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15387475",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nWhile many leading chemists refused to believe Lavoisier's new revelations, the \"\"Elementary Treatise\"\" was written well enough to convince the younger generation. However, Lavoisier's descriptions of his elements lack completeness, as he only classified them as metals and non-metals. In 1815, the English physician and chemist William Prout noticed that atomic weights seemed to be multiples of that of hydrogen. In 1817, Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, a chemist, began to formulate one of the earliest attempts to classify the elements. In 1829, he found that he could form some of the elements into groups of three, with the members of each",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16422275",
"chunk_text": "\"Dmitri Mendeleev\"\nDmitri Mendeleev Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ( ; , <nowiki>,</nowiki> ; 8 February 18342 February 1907 ) was a Russian chemist and inventor. He formulated the Periodic Law, created a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements, and used it to correct the properties of some already discovered elements and also to predict the properties of eight elements yet to be discovered. Mendeleev was born in the village of Verkhnie Aremzyani, near Tobolsk in Siberia, to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev (1783–1847) and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (née Kornilieva) (1793–1850). His paternal grandfather Pavel Maximovich Sokolov was a Russian Orthodox priest from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15387471",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\ndiscoveries by scientists such as Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier and John Newlands, but who is nevertheless generally given sole credit for its development. A number of physical elements (such as platinum, mercury, tin and zinc) have been known from antiquity, as they are found in their native form and are relatively simple to mine with primitive tools. Around 330 BCE, the Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that everything is made up of a mixture of one or more \"\"roots\"\", an idea that had originally been suggested by the Sicilian philosopher Empedocles. The four roots, which were later renamed as \"\"elements\"\" by Plato,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9621996",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nknown as isotopes, from the Greek \"\"\"\" (\"\"same place\"\"). In 1914, a year before he was killed in action at Gallipoli, the English physicist Henry Moseley found a relationship between the X-ray wavelength of an element and its atomic number. He was then able to re-sequence the periodic table by nuclear charge, rather than by atomic weight. Before this discovery, atomic numbers were sequential numbers based on an element's atomic weight. Moseley's discovery showed that atomic numbers were in fact based upon experimental measurements. Using information about their X-ray wavelengths, Moseley placed argon (with an atomic number Z=18) before potassium",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13306125",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nGerman chemist Julius Lothar Meyer independently published their periodic tables in 1869 and 1870, respectively. Mendeleev's table was his first published version; that of Meyer was an expanded version of his (Meyer's) table of 1864. They both constructed their tables by listing the elements in rows or columns in order of atomic weight and starting a new row or column when the characteristics of the elements began to repeat. The recognition and acceptance afforded to Mendeleev's table came from two decisions he made. The first was to leave gaps in the table when it seemed that the corresponding element had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2468170",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nwere \"\"earth\"\", \"\"water\"\", \"\"air\"\" and \"\"fire\"\". Similar ideas about these four elements also existed in other ancient traditions, such as Indian philosophy. The history of the periodic table is also a history of the discovery of the chemical elements. The first person in history to discover a new element was Hennig Brand, a bankrupt German merchant. Brand tried to discover the Philosopher's Stone — a mythical object that was supposed to turn inexpensive base metals into gold. In 1669 (or later), his experiments with distilled human urine resulted in the production of a glowing white substance, which he called \"\"cold",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10535095",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table (detailed cells)\"\nbelow, while the f-block only has 14 columns. One lanthanide and actinide each are d-block elements, belonging to group 3 with scandium and yttrium, though whether these are the first of each series (lanthanum and actinium) or the last (lutetium and lawrencium) has been disputed. The tables below show lanthanum and actinium as group 3 elements, as this is the more common form in the literature. Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev invented the table to illustrate recurring (\"\"periodic\"\") trends in the properties of the elements. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5410507",
"chunk_text": "\"Julius Lothar Meyer\"\nJulius Lothar Meyer Julius Lothar Meyer (19 August 1830 – 11 April 1895) was a German chemist. He was one of the pioneers in developing the first periodic table of chemical elements. Both Mendeleev and Meyer worked with Robert Bunsen. He never used his first given name, and was known throughout his life simply as Lothar Meyer. Lothar Meyer was born in Varel, Germany (then part of the Duchy of Oldenburg). He was the son of Friedrich August Meyer, a physician, and Anna Biermann. After attending the Altes Gymnasium in Oldenburg, he studied medicine at the University of Zurich in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9319963",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\naccurately predict the properties of missing elements. Following the discovery, in 1911, by Ernest Rutherford of the atomic nucleus, it was proposed that the integer count of the nuclear charge is identical to the sequential place of each element in the periodic table. In 1913, Henry Moseley using X-ray spectroscopy confirmed this proposal experimentally. Moseley determined the value of the nuclear charge of each element, and showed that Mendeleev's ordering actually places the elements in sequential order by nuclear charge. Nuclear charge is identical to proton count, and determines the value of the atomic number (Z) of each element. Using",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14364321",
"chunk_text": "\"History of chemistry\"\nwell as in understanding the internal structure of atoms) was Dmitri Mendeleev's development of the first modern periodic table, or the periodic classification of the elements. Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, felt that there was some type of order to the elements and he spent more than thirteen years of his life collecting data and assembling the concept, initially with the idea of resolving some of the disorder in the field for his students. Mendeleev found that, when all the known chemical elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic weight, the resulting table displayed a recurring pattern, or periodicity, of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17454677",
"chunk_text": "\"William Odling\"\nWilliam Odling William Odling, FRS (5 September 1829 in Southwark, London – 17 February 1921 in Oxford) was an English chemist who contributed to the development of the periodic table. In the 1860s Odling, like many chemists, was working towards classifying the elements, an effort that would eventually lead to the periodic table of elements. He was intrigued by atomic weights and the periodic occurrence of chemical properties. William Odling and Lothar Meyer drew up tables similar, but with improvements on, Dmitri Mendeleev's original table. Odling drew up a table of elements using repeating units of seven elements, which bears",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2468178",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nthe work of Dmitri Mendeleev had been published. In 1864, the English chemist John Newlands classified the sixty-two known elements into eight groups, based on their physical properties. Newlands noted that many pairs of similar elements existed, which differed by some multiple of eight in mass number, and was the first to assign them an atomic number. When his 'law of octaves' was printed in \"\"Chemistry News\"\", likening this periodicity of eights to the musical scale, it was ridiculed by some of his contemporaries. His lecture to the Chemistry Society on 1 March 1866 was not published, the Society defending",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6160565",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nobserved that carbon often has four other atoms bonded to it. Methane, for example, has one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. This concept eventually became known as valency; different elements bond with different numbers of atoms. In 1862, Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois, a French geologist, published an early form of periodic table, which he called the telluric helix or screw. He was the first person to notice the periodicity of the elements. With the elements arranged in a spiral on a cylinder by order of increasing atomic weight, de Chancourtois showed that elements with similar properties seemed to occur",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "14364324",
"chunk_text": "\"History of chemistry\"\nmany of his predictions within his lifetime brought fame to Mendeleev as the founder of the periodic law. This organization surpassed earlier attempts at classification by Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois, who published the telluric helix, an early, three-dimensional version of the periodic table of the elements in 1862, John Newlands, who proposed the law of octaves (a precursor to the periodic law) in 1864, and Lothar Meyer, who developed an early version of the periodic table with 28 elements organized by valence in 1864. Mendeleev's table did not include any of the noble gases, however, which had not yet been",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
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"chunk_id": "12687221",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nalso observed that, when arranged by atomic weight, the second member of each triad was roughly the average of the first and the third; this became known as the Law of Triads. German chemist Leopold Gmelin worked with this system, and by 1843 he had identified ten triads, three groups of four, and one group of five. Jean-Baptiste Dumas published work in 1857 describing relationships between various groups of metals. Although various chemists were able to identify relationships between small groups of elements, they had yet to build one scheme that encompassed them all. In 1857, German chemist August Kekulé",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "3935943",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic orbital\"\nbe divided into several rows (called 'periods'), numbered starting with 1 at the top. The presently known elements occupy seven periods. If a certain period has number \"\"i\"\", it consists of elements whose outermost electrons fall in the \"\"i\"\"th shell. Niels Bohr was the first to propose (1923) that the periodicity in the properties of the elements might be explained by the periodic filling of the electron energy levels, resulting in the electronic structure of the atom. The periodic table may also be divided into several numbered rectangular 'blocks'. The elements belonging to a given block have this common feature:",
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "15445821",
"chunk_text": "\"Chemical element\"\n118 confirmed elements as of 10 April 2010. Although earlier precursors to this presentation exist, its invention is generally credited to the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, who intended the table to illustrate recurring trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time as new elements have been discovered and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior. Use of the periodic table is now ubiquitous within the academic discipline of chemistry, providing an extremely useful framework to classify, systematize and compare all the many different forms",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
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"chunk_id": "13306124",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nand the Chemical Society refused to publish his work. Newlands was nonetheless able to draft a table of the elements and used it to predict the existence of missing elements, such as germanium. The Chemical Society only acknowledged the significance of his discoveries five years after they credited Mendeleev. In 1867, Gustavus Hinrichs, a Danish born academic chemist based in America, published a spiral periodic system based on atomic spectra and weights, and chemical similarities. His work was regarded as idiosyncratic, ostentatious and labyrinthine and this may have militated against its recognition and acceptance. Russian chemistry professor Dmitri Mendeleev and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
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"chunk_id": "3908388",
"chunk_text": "\"Atomic number\"\ncharge and a physical characteristic of atoms, did the word (and its English equivalent \"\"atomic number\"\") come into common use in this context. Loosely speaking, the existence or construction of a periodic table of elements creates an ordering of the elements, and so they can be numbered in order. Dmitri Mendeleev claimed that he arranged his first periodic tables (first published on March 6th, 1869) in order of atomic weight (\"\"Atomgewicht\"\"). However, in consideration of the elements' observed chemical properties, he changed the order slightly and placed tellurium (atomic weight 127.6) ahead of iodine (atomic weight 126.9). This placement is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "4143983",
"chunk_text": "\"Alternative periodic tables\"\nexpanded, but not changed as a principle. The oldest periodic table is the short form table (columns I–VIII) by Dmitri Mendeleev, which shows secondary chemical kinships. For example, the alkali metals and the coinage metals (copper, silver, gold) are in the same column because both groups tend to have a valence of one. This format is still used by many, as shown by this contemporary Russian short form table, which includes all elements and element names until roentgenium. H. G. Deming used the so-called long periodic table (18 columns) in his textbook \"\"General Chemistry\"\", which appeared in the USA for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "31712",
"chunk_text": "\"Group 3 element\"\nbe reduced to their elements, meaning that the discovery of a new earth was equivalent to the discovery of the element within, which in this case would have been \"\"yttrium\"\". Until the early 1920s, the chemical symbol \"\"Yt\"\" was used for the element, after which \"\"Y\"\" came into common use. Yttrium metal was first isolated in 1828 when Friedrich Wöhler heated anhydrous yttrium(III) chloride with potassium to form metallic yttrium and potassium chloride. In 1869, Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev published his periodic table, which had empty spaces for elements directly above and under yttrium. Mendeleev made several predictions on the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "15387473",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nfire\"\" (\"\"kaltes Feuer\"\"). He kept his discovery secret until 1680, when Robert Boyle rediscovered phosphorus and published his findings. The discovery of phosphorus helped to raise the question of what it meant for a substance to be an element. In 1661, Boyle defined an element as \"\"those primitive and simple Bodies of which the mixt ones are said to be composed, and into which they are ultimately resolved.\"\" Lavoisier's \"\"Traité Élémentaire de Chimie\"\" (\"\"Elementary Treatise of Chemistry\"\"), which was written in 1789 and first translated into English by the writer Robert Kerr, is considered to be the first modern textbook",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "6959",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nof periodic table, which he named \"\"Vis tellurique\"\" (the 'telluric helix'), after the element tellurium, which fell near the center of his diagram. With the elements arranged in a spiral on a cylinder by order of increasing atomic weight, de Chancourtois saw that elements with similar properties lined up vertically. His 1863 publication included a chart (which contained ions and compounds, in addition to elements), but his original paper in the \"\"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences\"\" used geological rather than chemical terms and did not include a diagram. As a result, de Chancourtois' ideas received little attention until after",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "3455039",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nnot yet been discovered. Mendeleev was not the first chemist to do so, but he was the first to be recognized as using the trends in his periodic table to predict the properties of those missing elements, such as gallium and germanium. The second decision was to occasionally ignore the order suggested by the atomic weights and switch adjacent elements, such as tellurium and iodine, to better classify them into chemical families. Mendeleev published in 1869, using atomic weight to organize the elements, information determinable to fair precision in his time. Atomic weight worked well enough to allow Mendeleev to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "13306140",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nof the appearance of Mendeleev's table in 1869, Edward G. Mazurs had collected an estimated 700 different published versions of the periodic table. As well as numerous rectangular variations, other periodic table formats have been shaped, for example, like a circle, cube, cylinder, building, spiral, lemniscate, octagonal prism, pyramid, sphere, or triangle. Such alternatives are often developed to highlight or emphasize chemical or physical properties of the elements that are not as apparent in traditional periodic tables. A popular alternative structure is that of Otto Theodor Benfey (1960). The elements are arranged in a continuous spiral, with hydrogen at the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "13306132",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nform (as shown at various other points in this article), is attributable to Horace Groves Deming. In 1923, Deming, an American chemist, published short (Mendeleev style) and medium (18-column) form periodic tables. Merck and Company prepared a handout form of Deming's 18-column medium table, in 1928, which was widely circulated in American schools. By the 1930s Deming's table was appearing in handbooks and encyclopaedias of chemistry. It was also distributed for many years by the Sargent-Welch Scientific Company. With the development of modern quantum mechanical theories of electron configurations within atoms, it became apparent that each period (row) in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_text": "\"William Odling\"\nthe Institute of Chemistry. In 1859 he was made a fellow of the Royal Society of London and in 1875 he was granted an honorary PhD by Leiden University, the Netherlands. William Odling William Odling, FRS (5 September 1829 in Southwark, London – 17 February 1921 in Oxford) was an English chemist who contributed to the development of the periodic table. In the 1860s Odling, like many chemists, was working towards classifying the elements, an effort that would eventually lead to the periodic table of elements. He was intrigued by atomic weights and the periodic occurrence of chemical properties. William",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "14364322",
"chunk_text": "\"History of chemistry\"\nproperties within groups of elements. Mendeleev's law allowed him to build up a systematic periodic table of all the 66 elements then known based on atomic mass, which he published in \"\"Principles of Chemistry\"\" in 1869. His first Periodic Table was compiled on the basis of arranging the elements in ascending order of atomic weight and grouping them by similarity of properties. Mendeleev had such faith in the validity of the periodic law that he proposed changes to the generally accepted values for the atomic weight of a few elements and, in his version of the periodic table of 1871,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Chemistry\nweights. The development of the electrochemical theory of chemical combinations occurred in the early 19th century as the result of the work of two scientists in particular, J.J. Berzelius and Humphry Davy, made possible by the prior invention of the voltaic pile by Alessandro Volta. Davy discovered nine new elements including the alkali metals by extracting them from their oxides with electric current. British William Prout first proposed ordering all the elements by their atomic weight as all atoms had a weight that was an exact multiple of the atomic weight of hydrogen. J.A.R. Newlands devised an early table of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_id": "9319952",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\n13. The relatively inert noble gases, in group 18, bridge the most reactive groups of elements in the periodic table—the halogens in group 17 and the alkali metals in group 1. In 1789, Antoine Lavoisier published a list of 33 chemical elements, grouping them into gases, metals, nonmetals, and earths. Chemists spent the following century searching for a more precise classification scheme. In 1829, Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner observed that many of the elements could be grouped into triads based on their chemical properties. Lithium, sodium, and potassium, for example, were grouped together in a triad as soft, reactive metals. Döbereiner",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "6958",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\ngroup having related properties. He termed these groups \"\"triads\"\". Definition of Triad law:-\"\"Chemically analogous elements arranged in increasing order of their atomic weights formed well marked groups of three called Triads in which the atomic weight of the middle element was found to be generally the arithmetic mean of the atomic weight of the other two elements in the triad. Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois, a French geologist, was the first person to notice the periodicity of the elements — similar elements occurring at regular intervals when they are ordered by their atomic weights. In 1862 he devised an early form",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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"chunk_id": "16422288",
"chunk_text": "\"Dmitri Mendeleev\"\nChemists until 1887. Another person to propose a periodic table was Lothar Meyer, who published a paper in 1864 describing 28 elements classified by their valence, but with no prediction of new elements. After becoming a teacher in 1867, Mendeleev wrote the definitive textbook of his time: \"\"Principles of Chemistry\"\" (two volumes, 1868–1870). It was written as he was preparing a textbook for his course. This is when he made his most important discovery. As he attempted to classify the elements according to their chemical properties, he noticed patterns that led him to postulate his periodic table; he claimed to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "16253621",
"chunk_text": "\"Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois\"\nAlexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois (20 January 1820 – 14 November 1886) was a French geologist and mineralogist who was the first to arrange the chemical elements in order of atomic weights, doing so in 1862. De Chancourtois only published his paper, but did not publish his actual graph with the irregular arrangement. Although his publication was significant, it was ignored by chemists as it was written in terms of geology. It was Dmitri Mendeleev's table published in 1869 that became most recognized. De Chancourtois was also a professor of mine surveying, and later geology at the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "16253627",
"chunk_text": "\"Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois\"\nof many chemistry experts. It was not until 1869 that Dmitri Mendeleyev's periodic table attracted attention and gained widespread scientific acceptance. He always managed to put the names of his four children into his work by writing their names on a corner of his work. Landon, Lynelle, Steve and Berdine were on all his work. Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois (20 January 1820 – 14 November 1886) was a French geologist and mineralogist who was the first to arrange the chemical elements in order of atomic weights, doing so in 1862. De Chancourtois only published his paper,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "3455042",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\natomic number gives a definitive, integer-based sequence for the elements. Moseley predicted, in 1913, that the only elements still missing between aluminium (Z=13) and gold (Z=79) were Z = 43, 61, 72, and 75, all of which were later discovered. The atomic number is the absolute definition of an element, and gives a factual basis for the ordering of the periodic table. The periodic table is used to predict the properties of new synthetic elements before they are produced and studied. In 1871, Mendeleev published his periodic table in a new form, with groups of similar elements arranged in columns",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16422295",
"chunk_text": "\"Dmitri Mendeleev\"\nbelong with nitrogen and phosphorus. In both cases, the periodicities they discovered would later be explained by a theory of the internal structure of the elements. The original draft made by Mendeleev would be found years later and published under the name \"\"Tentative System of Elements.\"\" Dmitri Mendeleev is often referred to as the Father of the Periodic Table. He called his table or matrix, \"\"the Periodic System\"\". Mendeleev made other important contributions to chemistry. The Russian chemist and science historian Lev Chugaev has characterized him as \"\"a chemist of genius, first-class physicist, a fruitful researcher in the fields of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "8651402",
"chunk_text": "\"History of science\"\nall matter is made of atoms, which are the smallest constituents of matter that cannot be broken down without losing the basic chemical and physical properties of that matter, was provided by John Dalton in 1803, although the question took a hundred years to settle as proven. Dalton also formulated the law of mass relationships. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev composed his periodic table of elements on the basis of Dalton's discoveries. The synthesis of urea by Friedrich Wöhler opened a new research field, organic chemistry, and by the end of the 19th century, scientists were able to synthesize hundreds of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_id": "6160577",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nfound to be correct and he subsequently went on to win the 1951 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work in synthesizing actinide elements. Although minute quantities of some transuranic elements occur naturally, they were all first discovered in laboratories. Their production has expanded the periodic table significantly, the first of these being neptunium, synthesized in 1939. Because many of the transuranic elements are highly unstable and decay quickly, they are challenging to detect and characterize when produced. There have been controversies concerning the acceptance of competing discovery claims for some elements, requiring independent review to determine which party has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4878489",
"chunk_text": "Neptunium\nwhen in soil with a high clay content. The behavior provides an additional aid in the element's observed high mobility. When the first periodic table of the elements was published by Dmitri Mendeleev in the early 1870s, it showed a \"\" — \"\" in place after uranium similar to several other places for then-undiscovered elements. Other subsequent tables of known elements, including a 1913 publication of the known radioactive isotopes by Kasimir Fajans, also show an empty place after uranium, element 92. Up to and after the discovery of the final component of the atomic nucleus, the neutron in 1932,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20072842",
"chunk_text": "Gnomium\nGnomium Gnomium was the proposed name for a new element similar to nickel and cobalt. Gerhard Krüss and F. W. Schmidt thought that existence of this element would solve an apparent problem in the periodic table. Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer were the first to arrange elements in a periodic table ordered by atomic weight, thereby revealing periodic patterns of chemical and physical properties. The use of atomic weight in the ordering — the concept of atomic number not yet having been established — resulted in several problems, one being a discrepancy in the iron group elements. Ordered by atomic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15387485",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the periodic table\"\nand promethium respectively. During his Manhattan Project research in 1943, Glenn T. Seaborg experienced unexpected difficulties in isolating the elements americium and curium. Seaborg wondered if these elements belonged to a different series, which would explain why their chemical properties were different from what was expected. In 1945, against the advice of colleagues, he proposed a significant change to Mendeleev's table: the actinide series. Seaborg's actinide concept of heavy element electronic structure, predicting that the actinides form a transition series analogous to the rare earth series of lanthanide elements, is now well accepted and included in the periodic table. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3455050",
"chunk_text": "\"Periodic table\"\nin the sequence of increasing atomic numbers\"\". The relationship of the f-block to the other blocks of the periodic table also becomes easier to see. Jensen advocates a form of table with 32 columns on the grounds that the lanthanides and actinides are otherwise relegated in the minds of students as dull, unimportant elements that can be quarantined and ignored. Despite these advantages the 32-column form is generally avoided by editors on account of its undue rectangular ratio (compared to a book page ratio), and the familiarity of chemists with the modern form (as introduced by Seaborg). Within 100 years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16219980",
"chunk_text": "\"Antonius van den Broek\"\nAntonius van den Broek Antonius Johannes van den Broek (4 May 1870, Zoetermeer – 25 October 1926, Bilthoven) was a Dutch amateur physicist notable for being the first who realized that the number of an element in the periodic table (now called atomic number) corresponds to the charge of its atomic nucleus. This hypothesis was published in 1911 and inspired the experimental work of Henry Moseley, who found good experimental evidence for it by 1913. Van den Broek was the son of a civil law notary and trained to be a lawyer himself. He studied at Leiden University and at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_937
|
when did cybermen first appear in doctor who?
|
n/a
|
[
"in 1966",
"1966"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "5918695",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nusing period technology, but are again foiled by the Doctor. After Steven Moffat took over the role of executive producer in 2010, Cyberman of essentially the design introduced by Davies continued to appear. No explicit reference is made to their origin, but generally the stylised 'c' (for Cybus Corporation) on their breastplate had been replaced by a plain circle, implying that they were not from the parallel universe. They appear in \"\"The Pandorica Opens\"\" (2010) alongside many of the Doctor's recurring enemies as part of an alliance dedicated to stopping him, arriving in cyber ships in 102 CE. They appear",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18383197",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nCyberman The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs who are among the most persistent enemies of the Doctor in the British science fiction television programme, \"\"Doctor Who\"\". Within the context of the series, the Cybermen are a species of emotionless space-faring cyborgs who look to co-opt human beings or other similar species to join and populate their ranks. First appearing in 1966, the Cybermen were created by Dr. Kit Pedler (the unofficial scientific advisor to the show) and story editor Gerry Davis. The Cybermen have seen many redesigns and costume changes over \"\"Doctor Who\"\"s long run. Over the years,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18383203",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nhands, and their facial structures are visible beneath the masks they wear. However, over time, they evolved into metallic, more robot-like designs. The Cybermen first appear in the serial \"\"The Tenth Planet\"\" in 1966, set in 1986, in which their origin story is given as follows. Millions of years ago, during prehistoric times, Earth had a twin planet known as Mondas. Mondas was knocked out of solar orbit and drifted into deep space. The Mondasians, already far in advance of Earth's technology and fearful for their race's survival, their lifespans shortening, replaced most of their bodies with cybernetic parts. Having",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18383198",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nthe show and its many spin-offs in other media have also presented a number of varying origin stories for the species. In their first appearance, \"\"The Tenth Planet\"\" (1966), they are explained as being the product of humans from Earth's nearly identical \"\"twin planet\"\" of Mondas who upgraded themselves into cyborgs in a bid for self-preservation. Forty years later, \"\"The Age of Steel\"\" (2006) depicted the Cybermen's separate emergence on a parallel universe version of Earth. \"\"Doctor Who\"\" audio dramas, novels, and comic books have also elaborated on the origins for the Cybermen, or presented alternative origin stories. In the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18383205",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\ndestroying it and those Cybermen on Earth. The adventure takes its physical toll on the Doctor, forcing him to regenerate for the first time, becoming the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton). Redesigned Cybermen next appear in \"\"The Moonbase\"\" (1967), set in 2070, opposite the Second Doctor, who discovers a crypt containing Cybermen during a visit to the Moon. They attempt to remotely destroy the Earth by affecting its weather patterns with a device called the Gravitron. However, the Gravitron is used against them, hurling them into space. Later that year, \"\"The Tomb of the Cybermen\"\" sees a 25th Century human expedition",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5918688",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nof Cybermen in \"\"Revenge of the Cybermen\"\" (1975), for which they were once again redesigned. These Cybermen are depicted as the wandering remnants of a fallen empire, ravaged by the so-called Cyber-Wars against victorious humanity, which had crucially exploited the Cybermen's weakness to gold. These Cybermen attempt to restore the glory of their race by destroying the humans' gold-rich asteroid Voga. Another long hiatus preceded \"\"Earthshock\"\" (1982), in which the Fifth Doctor (Peter Davison) encounters Cybermen in Earth in the year 2526, who seek to destroy the planet with a large bomb while alien dignitaries visit Earth to discuss the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18383207",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\n\"\"The Invasion\"\" that same year, the Doctor and his companions visit late 20th century England where he discovers an army of Cybermen are hidden on Earth, working with magnate Tobias Vaughn (Kevin Stoney) for their fleet to invade Earth. Their invasion is defeated by the Doctor and the military support of the newly formed United Nations Intelligence Taskforce. The Cybermen were not shown to face the Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee) during his original run, but one is shown as part of an exhibit in \"\"Carnival of Monsters\"\" (1973). The Fourth Doctor (Tom Baker) is next to encounter a small group",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5918689",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nongoing Cyber-Wars. After the Doctor foils this plan, they decide to crash their freighter into the planet to much the same effect. The Doctor's companion, boy genius Adric (Matthew Waterhouse), is trapped on board and attempts to escape from the freighter, but inadvertently causes it to hurtle back in time. The freighter crashes into prehistoric Earth, killing Adric and triggering the K-T extinction event. The Cybermen appear once more in the Fifth Doctor's era, alongside the four previous Doctors, in \"\"The Five Doctors\"\" (1983), when they are all transported alongside other nemeses of the Doctor to his home planet of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nGallifrey by the Time Lord President Borusa (Philip Latham). \"\"Attack of the Cybermen\"\" (1985) is set much earlier in the Cyber-Wars than \"\"Revenge\"\", during a time in which the Cybermen faced defeat following the human invention of the glittergun and the discovery of gold-rich Voga. The Cybermen attempt to use a time machine to avert the destruction of Mondas. Their plan fails, and they also lose their adopted homeworld of Telos to its original inhabitants, the Cryons, following the intervention of the Sixth Doctor (Colin Baker). The Cybermen appeared for a final time in the classic series in \"\"Silver Nemesis\"\"",
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"chunk_text": "\"Attack of the Cybermen\"\nAttack of the Cybermen Attack of the Cybermen is the first serial of the 22nd season of the British science fiction television series \"\"Doctor Who\"\", which was first broadcast in two weekly parts on 5 and 12 January 1985. It was written by pseudonymous author \"\"Paula Moore\"\", who has conflicting accounts to whom this credit belongs, and directed by Matthew Robinson. Beginning with this serial and continuing for the remainder of Season 22, episodes were 45 minutes in length (as opposed to previous episodes which were 25 minutes long); for syndication, in some markets, this serial is re-edited into four",
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nin the UNIT Black Archive in \"\"The Day of the Doctor\"\", and in \"\"The Time of the Doctor\"\" they are among the many species which besiege the planet Trenzalore for centuries. In the latter episode, the Doctor also uses a disembodied Cyberman head, devoid of any remaining organic parts; named \"\"Handles\"\", he serves as the Doctor's personal assistant and confidant for several centuries until his eventual 'death' brings the Doctor to tears. In the finale of the 2014 series, \"\"Dark Water\"\"/\"\"Death in Heaven\"\", the Twelfth Doctor (Peter Capaldi) learns too late that the Cybermen have formed an alliance with Missy",
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nchoosing to fill in gaps in the history of the Cybermen or depict new encounters between them and the Doctor. The species also appeared in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" TV spin-off \"\"Torchwood\"\", appearing in the fourth episode, \"\"Cyberwoman\"\" (2006). The name \"\"Cyberman\"\" comes from cybernetics, a term used in Norbert Wiener's book \"\"Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine\"\" (MIT Press, 1948). Wiener used the term in reference to the control of complex systems in the animal world and in mechanical networks, in particular self-regulating control systems. By 1960, doctors were performing research into surgically or mechanically",
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nThe Cybermen were also featured in the novel \"\"Iceberg\"\" by actor David Banks, who played the Cyber Leader in the television series from \"\"Earthshock\"\" to \"\"Silver Nemesis\"\". Banks had previously written, in 1988, \"\"Cybermen\"\", a fictional history of the Cybermen which included a \"\"future\"\" design for them. The Missing Adventure Novel \"\"Killing Ground\"\" also features Cybermen of the type seen in \"\"Revenge of the Cybermen\"\". During this novel, the Sixth Doctor's new companion Grant Markham returns to his home planet and learns that a group of Cybermen have hidden on it for centuries, with his robophobia being based around the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Rise of the Cybermen\"\nRise of the Cybermen \"\"Rise of the Cybermen\"\" is the fifth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television programme \"\"Doctor Who\"\", which was first broadcast on BBC One on 13 May 2006. The episode introduces a non-extraterrestrial reinvention of the Cybermen, as well as a parallel universe which would serve as a recurring plot element in the series. It is the first part of a two-part story, the concluding part being \"\"The Age of Steel\"\", broadcast on 20 May. The episode is set in the parallel universe's version of London. In the episode, the businessman John",
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"chunk_text": "\"Attack of the Cybermen\"\nreleased as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files in Issue 82 on 22 February 2012. Attack of the Cybermen Attack of the Cybermen is the first serial of the 22nd season of the British science fiction television series \"\"Doctor Who\"\", which was first broadcast in two weekly parts on 5 and 12 January 1985. It was written by pseudonymous author \"\"Paula Moore\"\", who has conflicting accounts to whom this credit belongs, and directed by Matthew Robinson. Beginning with this serial and continuing for the remainder of Season 22, episodes were 45 minutes in length (as opposed to previous episodes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nend, with some evidence suggesting that the Silverati were adapted from remnants of the Cybermen of the present. The Cybermen have appeared in several Big Finish audio plays battling the Doctor, the first of which was \"\"Sword of Orion\"\" (released on CD in 2001 and broadcast on BBC 7 in 2005), where the Eighth Doctor deals with humans and androids engaged in a war who seek Cyber-technology to improve their sides. The 2002 play \"\"Spare Parts\"\" explored aspects of the Cybermen's origin, revealing that the design was ironically only perfected after their creator, Doctorman Allan, studied the biology of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nthe 2006 finale \"\"Army of Ghosts\"\"/\"\"Doomsday\"\", exploiting a breach between universes to invade the Doctor's Earth. This breach is caused by a transport device belonging to the Daleks, who reveal themselves and trigger all-out war between the two species. The Doctor ultimately re-opens the breach, causing the Cybermen and all but a few Daleks to become trapped inside before it is re-sealed. Cybermen next appear in the 2008 \"\"Doctor Who\"\" Christmas special \"\"The Next Doctor\"\", emerging in 1851 London after the Daleks damaged the walls of reality in the previous episode. They attempt to raise a new army on Earth",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nBent\"\", in which a rusted Cyberman is imprisoned in the Cloisters of Gallifrey. The origin of the Cybermen of Mondas is told in the two-episode series 10 finale \"\"World Enough and Time\"\" / \"\"The Doctor Falls\"\", when a Mondasian colony ship is stuck escaping the gravity of a black hole for many years. The human-like Mondasians, assisted unknowingly by the Master (John Simm), begin upgrading their population to adapt to life aboard the decaying ship. The Doctor reflects on all the societies that have created Cybermen and concludes that the Cybermen is an example of parallel evolution: a concept that",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nan appearance on the BBC science programmes \"\"Tomorrow's World\"\" and \"\"Horizon\"\", the BBC hired him to help on the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" serial \"\"The War Machines\"\" (1966). That eventually led to him writing, with Gerry Davis' help, \"\"The Tenth Planet\"\" (1966) for \"\"Doctor Who\"\". Pedler, influenced by the logic-driven Treens from the \"\"Dan Dare\"\" comic strip, originally envisaged the Cybermen as \"\"space monks\"\", but was persuaded by Davis to concentrate on his fears about the direction of spare-part surgery. The original Cybermen were imagined as human, but with plastic and metal prostheses. The Cybermen of \"\"The Tenth Planet\"\" still have human",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nencounter. The Cybermen are humanoid, but have been altered until they have few remaining organic parts. They retain living human brains. In their first appearance in the series, the only parts of their bodies that still seemed human were their hands; by their next appearance in \"\"The Moonbase\"\" (1967), their bodies were entirely covered in their metallic suits, with their hands replaced by three finger claws, but they changed back to regular five-fingered hands in \"\"The Invasion\"\" (1968). As they are relatively few, the Cybermen tend towards covert activity, scheming from hiding and using human pawns or robots to act",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\n\"\"Test-Flight\"\" (TVC Annual 1970). Their absence from the TV show for most of the 1970s was reflected in a lack of appearances in the strip: they eventually returned in the early 1980s in the \"\"Doctor Who Monthly\"\" strip \"\"Junk-Yard Demon\"\" (DWM #58-#59). They made further appearances after the publication was re-titled \"\"Doctor Who Magazine\"\": \"\"Exodus\"\"/\"\"Revelation\"\"/\"\"Genesis\"\" (DWM #108-#110), \"\"The World Shapers\"\" (DWM #127-#129, written by Grant Morrison, which revealed that the Voord were the race that evolved into the Cybermen and that Mondas was previously the planet Marinus), \"\"The Good Soldier\"\" (DWM #175-#178) and \"\"The Flood\"\" (DWM #346-#353). In addition, a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nTime Lady the Rani (Kate O'Mara) to hunt the Doctor. \"\"Doctor Who\"\" was revived after a long hiatus by new showrunner Russell T Davies in 2005. By then, development of CGI let script-writers include large numbers of Cybermen or Daleks in stories. In the first series of the revived programme, the Cybermen do not appear except for the inactive head of one, which is seen in a private museum of alien artefacts on Earth in the episode \"\"Dalek\"\". For series 2 in 2006, Cybermen were reintroduced with a new origin story set in a parallel universe. In the \"\"Rise of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18383206",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\ndiscover sarcophagi containing hibernating Cybermen on the planet Telos, where the creatures arise and attack. This episode introduces the cybermats, small mechanical scouts used by the Cybermen, as well as their leader, the Cyber Controller. In \"\"The Wheel in Space\"\" (1968), the Doctor and his crew face off against the Cybermen on a marooned Earth space station in the 21st Century. This episode introduces the Cyber-Planner, an immobile unit which directs the Cybermen. The Cybermen plan to take over the space station, after which their fleet will invade Earth. The Doctor uses an x-ray laser to destroy the Cybermen. In",
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\n(1988), in which a fleet of Cybermen warships assemble to convert Earth into a new Mondas. A Cybermen scouting party is sent to Earth in search of the legendary Nemesis statue, a Time Lord artefact of immense power, made of the \"\"living metal\"\" validium. The intervention of the Seventh Doctor (Sylvester McCoy) and his companion Ace (Sophie Aldred), however, ensures that the Nemesis destroys the entire cyber-fleet instead. Between the series' cancellation and its subsequent revival, they make one other brief appearance in the 1993 Children in Need special \"\"Dimensions in Time\"\", as one of several enemies used by evil",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberwoman\nbut the camera below it would descend, giving the illusion the platform is ascending. The visual effect of the tools used to create Cybermen were reused from the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episode \"\"The Age of Steel\"\", while the UFO footage when the Torchwood team return from the drinks was a tin foil-covered frisbee on a fishing line. \"\"Cyberwoman\"\" was first broadcast on BBC Three during the 10 pm time slot on Sunday 5 November 2006. The episode was seen by 1.391 million viewers, the highest viewing on the channel the week it was broadcast. The repeat on terrestrial channel BBC Two",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nmostly human bodies, but have Cyberman heads and arms. The Cybermen see the cyberslaves as inferior, and delete them once they have served their purpose. An upgraded form of cybermats appeared in \"\"Nightmare in Silver\"\". They were incredibly small mechanical insects that were more versatile and were able to partially convert other lifeforms into Cybermen. They were referred to as cybermites. <br> Cyberman The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs who are among the most persistent enemies of the Doctor in the British science fiction television programme, \"\"Doctor Who\"\". Within the context of the series, the Cybermen are a",
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"chunk_text": "\"Attack of the Cybermen\"\n25-minute segments. The serial is set in London in 1985 and the planet Telos in the future. In the serial, the Cybermen plot to change the course of history by destroying Earth with Halley's Comet in 1985, which would prevent the destruction of the Cybermen's original home planet Mondas. In the sewers of London, two workers are attacked by an unseen force. The Sixth Doctor's attempts to repair the TARDIS's systems, in particular the chameleon circuit, which enables the ship to alter its external form to something more suitable than the police box, cause the ship to behave chaotically in-flight.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nshow's 2017 episode \"\"The Doctor Falls\"\", it is stated that the Cybermen are the universe's great example of parallel evolution, due to the inevitability of humans and human-like species attempting to upgrade themselves through technology, thereby resolving continuity tensions in the history of the Cybermen. A mainstay of \"\"Doctor Who\"\" since the 1960s, the Cybermen have also made appearances in related programs and spin-off media, including novels, audiobooks, comic books, and video games. Cybermen stories continued to be produced in officially licensed \"\"Doctor Who\"\" productions between 1989 and 2005, when the TV show was off the air, with many writers",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nthe Cybermen\"\"/\"\"The Age of Steel\"\" two-part story, the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant) and his companions crash land in a parallel London where the Cybermen are being created on modern-day Earth. The Cybermen are created by the owner of Cybus Industries, the dying transhumanist mad scientist John Lumic (Roger Lloyd-Pack). Lumic's Cybermen successfully convert much of the world's population by placing their human brains into robotic shells. The Doctor and his friends free London from their control. A human resistance group, the Preachers, then sets about to clean up the remainder of Lumic's factories around the world. The Cybermen reappear in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "300030",
"chunk_text": "\"The Tomb of the Cybermen\"\nThe Tomb of the Cybermen The Tomb of the Cybermen is the first serial of the fifth season of the British science fiction television series \"\"Doctor Who\"\", which was originally broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 2 to 23 September 1967. In the serial, the time traveller the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton) and his travelling companions Jamie McCrimmon (Frazer Hines) and Victoria Waterfield (Deborah Watling) get caught up in an expedition to the planet Telos, where the financiers of the expedition, Eric Klieg (George Pastell) and Kaftan (Shirley Cooklin) intend to revitalise the Cybermen that are buried in",
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nin the Arctic in 2010; their ship is said to have been damaged by a time-storm and crashed 10,000 years earlier. The player plays as the Eleventh Doctor and his companion Amy, who work to defeat the Cybermen. They also appear on Telos in both the android games \"\"\"\" and Doctor Who And The Dalek. The Cybermen appear as enemies in \"\"Lego Dimensions\"\", and one was added as a playable character in Wave 3. While the Doctor's archenemy, the Daleks, were on the whole unchanged during the original series's 26-season run, the Cybermen were seen to change with almost every",
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nto have been replaced with electronics. Also in this story, two human slave-prisoners of the Cybermen on the planet Telos, named Bates and Stratton, reveal that their organic arms and legs have been removed by the Cybermen and replaced by cyber-substitutes. In \"\"Earthshock\"\" (1982), the actors' chins were vaguely visible through a clear perspex area on the helmet to suggest some kind of organic matter. In \"\"The Tomb of the Cybermen\"\" (1967), veins and brains were visible through the domed head of the Cyber-Controller, and similarly, in \"\"Attack of the Cybermen\"\" (1985) and \"\"The Age of Steel\"\" (2006), the Cyber-Controller's",
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"chunk_text": "\"Attack of the Cybermen\"\nThe Doctor eventually manages to pilot the TARDIS to Earth in the year 1985, where he shows Peri Halley's Comet, although she is more worried about the prospect of crashing into it. On Earth, the former Dalek mercenary Lytton (from \"\"Resurrection of the Daleks\"\") has apparently taken up a new life as a London gangster, and is plotting a £10 million diamond raid with his cohorts Griffiths, Payne and Russell. The four intend to enter the bank through the same sewers where the workmen were ambushed, but Lytton activates a strange transmitter before they enter. This emits a distress signal",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nhad skintone gloves or not to justify their addition. Unlike the Doctor's other foes, the Cybermen costumes have changed substantially in appearance over the years, looking more and more modern, although retaining certain commonalities of design, the most iconic being the \"\"handles\"\" attached to Cybermen heads. Other design elements include their round eyeholes and their chest units. Aside from these changes, variations in design between rank-and-file Cybermen and their leaders have been seen. In \"\"The Wheel in Space\"\" and \"\"The Invasion\"\" (both 1968), the Cyber Director was depicted as an immobile mechanism. The Cyber Leader in \"\"The Next Doctor\"\" sports",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nagain in \"\"A Good Man Goes to War\"\" (2011), when the Eleventh Doctor's (Matt Smith) companion Rory (Arthur Darvill) demands the location of a secret asteroid base in a quadrant of space which they monitor in the 52nd century. The Doctor destroys a large fleet of their spaceships to indicate their seriousness. In \"\"Closing Time\"\", an ancient slumbering cyber ship is awakened in 2011 Colchester, and the Doctor and his friend Craig (James Corden) work together to repel a Cyberman invasion. This episode also reintroduces cybermats to the series. Neil Gaiman's episode \"\"Nightmare in Silver\"\" (2013) depicts the re-emergence of",
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nattacking a human starship in 2220 and introduced the strip companion Stacy Townsend. In the \"\"Doctor Who\"\"/\"\"Star Trek\"\" crossover, , the Cybermen join forces with the Borg, forcing the Eleventh Doctor to join forces with the crew of the \"\"Enterprise\"\"-D to stop them. The Borg and Cybermen have begun to attack and convert worlds without warning, with the apparent 'leader' being a Cyber-Controller with Borg components. The Doctor also recalls a past incident where he helped the crew of the original \"\"Enterprise\"\" defeat a Cyberman infiltration of a Federation outpost in his fourth incarnation, although it would appear that this",
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nCybermen\"\". The sleeker and more elegant design introduced in \"\"Nightmare in Silver\"\" was made by the Millennium FX team from flexible polyurethane rubber, painted to look metallic using a new process originally developed for use in the car industry. The \"\"Mondasian Cybermen\"\" in \"\"World Enough and Time\"\" and \"\"The Doctor Falls\"\" were created by the Millennium FX team, and were an updated version of Sandra Reid's 1966 design of the Cybermen for \"\"The Tenth Planet\"\". The chest units were built by Rocky Marshall out of cardboard, plastic and \"\"other bits that he'd found\"\". The costumes themselves were built from a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\neventually removed all emotion from their brains, to maintain their sanity, the natives installed a drive propulsion system so they could pilot the planet itself through space. As the original race was limited in numbers and were continually being depleted, the Mondasians – now Cybermen – became a race of conquerors who reproduced by taking other organic beings and forcibly changing them into Cybermen. These Cybermen fight against the First Doctor (William Hartnell) when the Cybermen attempt to drain the Earth's energy to make way for Mondas' return to the solar system. However, Mondas absorbs too much energy from Earth,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Doctor Who\"\n\"\"The Daleks\"\" (1963–64), made both the Daleks and \"\"Doctor Who\"\" very popular. A Dalek appeared on a postage stamp celebrating British popular culture in 1999, photographed by Lord Snowdon. In \"\"Victory of the Daleks\"\" a new set of Daleks were introduced that come in a range of colours; the colour denoting its role within the species. Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth's twin planet Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies. This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating cyborgs, with emotions usually only shown when",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\ncalled \"\"cybermats\"\" as weapons of attack. In their first appearance in \"\"The Tomb of the Cybermen\"\", they resembled oversized metallic silverfish and had segmented bodies with hair-like tactile sensor probes along the base of their heads, which were topped with crystalline eyes. The Second Doctor described them as a \"\"form of metallic life,\"\" implying that they may be semi-organic like the Cybermen, and that they too attack by feeding off brain waves. The second model of Cybermat seen in \"\"The Wheel in Space\"\" was used for sabotage, able to tune in on human brainwaves. They were carried to the \"\"Wheel\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nin their place until they need to appear. They also seek to increase their numbers by converting others into Cybermen (a process known as \"\"cyber-conversion\"\" or Cybernisation\"\" in the older episodes and \"\"upgrading\"\" in the newer episodes), an often painful process as body parts are removed and replaced with cybernetic replacements. It is implied that there are still organic components beneath their suits, meaning they are cyborgs, not robots: in \"\"The Tenth Planet\"\", a Cyberman tells a group of humans that \"\"our brains are just like yours\"\", although by the time of \"\"Attack of the Cybermen\"\" (1985), their brains seem",
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"chunk_text": "\"Silver Nemesis\"\nlast appearance of the Cybermen in the original run of \"\"Doctor Who\"\". The Seventh Doctor and Ace visit England in 1988, where three rival factions—the Cybermen, a group of neo-Nazis and a 17th-century sorceress named Lady Peinforte—are attempting to gain control of a statue made of a living metal, validium, that was created by Omega and Rassilon as the ultimate defence for Gallifrey. The statue has three components - a bow, an arrow and the figure itself - that must be brought together in order for it to be activated. They have been separated since 1638 when, in order to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nA Cyberman tomb also appeared in the Bernice Summerfield play \"\"Silver Lining\"\", which came free with \"\"Doctor Who Magazine\"\" #351. They have also appeared in the various \"\"Doctor Who\"\" comic strips, beginning with \"\"The Coming of the Cybermen\"\" in \"\"TV Comic\"\" #824-#827. TV Comic cashed in on their frequent presence in the TV series in the late 1960s by featuring them regularly, and they appeared in \"\"Flower Power\"\" (TVC #832-#835), \"\"Cyber-Mole\"\" (TVC #842-#845), \"\"The Cyber Empire\"\" (TVC #850-#853), \"\"Eskimo Joe\"\" (TVC #903-#906), \"\"Masquerade\"\" (TVC Holiday Special 1968), \"\"The Time Museum\"\" (TVC Annual 1969), \"\"The Champion\"\" (TVC Holiday Special 1969) and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nFifth Doctor and duplicated a third lobe to the Doctor's brain that controlled his body functions. They were the villains in the company's BBCi webcast \"\"Real Time\"\" in 2002 and appeared in a linked trilogy of plays entitled \"\"The Harvest\"\" (2004), \"\"The Reaping\"\" (2006) and \"\"The Gathering\"\" (2006), where small groups of Cybermen attempt to manipulate humans into setting up conversion factories on Earth. They appear in \"\"Human Resources\"\", which Big Finish produced for radio BBC 7 and subsequently released on CD, and sees the Eighth Doctor averting a plan to take control of a new weapons system. In the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nis waiting to impose itself on human-like species across the universe. Ultimately, this encounter with the Cybermen proves brutal: the Doctor's companion Bill Potts (Pearl Mackie) is cyberconverted; two incarnations of the Master (Simm and Gomez) kill one another in a disagreement over standing alongside the Doctor; and the Doctor's companion Nardole (Matt Lucas) is left behind on the ship to look after human colonists, for whom inevitable cyberconversion has been delayed but not averted. The Doctor, exhausted to a point of nearing death, awakens in his TARDIS and begins to regenerate. The Cybermen have appeared in various spin-off media.",
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"chunk_text": "Voord\nVoord The Voord are a fictional extraterrestrial race of mutants portrayed in the British science fiction television programme \"\"Doctor Who\"\". Both \"\"Voord\"\" and \"\"Voords\"\" have been used as the plural form. The Voord were conceived by science-fiction writer Terry Nation and first appeared in the 1964 \"\"Doctor Who\"\" serial \"\"The Keys of Marinus\"\". They later appeared in \"\"Doctor Who\"\" stories in other formats. In one of those stories, written by Grant Morrison, the Voord are revealed to have evolved into the iconic \"\"Doctor Who\"\" villains the Cybermen. The Voord were conceived as the villains for the season 1 \"\"Doctor Who\"\"",
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"chunk_id": "15336277",
"chunk_text": "\"Revenge of the Cybermen\"\nRevenge of the Cybermen Revenge of the Cybermen is the fifth and final serial of the 12th season of the British science fiction television series \"\"Doctor Who\"\", which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 19 April to 10 May 1975. It was the first to feature the Cybermen since 1968's \"\"The Invasion\"\". The serial is set on Space Station Nerva, now called Nerva Beacon, and the \"\"planet of gold\"\" Voga, thousands of years before \"\"The Ark in Space\"\". In the serial, the Cybermen plot to destroy Voga, as the gold there is lethal to them. Following",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16470673",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nunits, with the light at the top of the unit as before, was commissioned. At each of the joints there were now domes connected by a set of ribbed rods. While production notes in \"\"Doctor Who: The Complete History\"\" claimed that the brief appearance of a Cyberman in \"\"Carnival of Monsters\"\" consisted of a diving suit from \"\"The Invasion\"\", Gavin Rymill in \"\"Doctor Who Magazine\"\" wrote that this Cyberman was a Cyber Controller costume from \"\"The Tomb of the Cybermen\"\". Both sources concurred that the helmet originated from \"\"The Invasion\"\", and the back of the helmet was left unfastened. Prue",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15368190",
"chunk_text": "Cyber-Scout\nCyber-Scout Cyber-Scouts (otherwise known as Stealth Cybermen) were from the BBC television show Doctor Who and were a division of the Cybermen that specialised in sabotaging enemies on scouting missions. The very first Cyber-Scouts infiltrated the United States Air Force's B-52 bomber holding the Dart, a rocket-powered fighter plane. At least two Scouts were identified in the comic, as they shared no distinguishable markings to that of the standard Cybermen also in the comic strip, Test Flight. Later, when a squadron of Cybermen were time scooped to the Death Zone on Gallifrey by Borusa, Cyber-Scouts were present when Cyber-Bombs were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5129773",
"chunk_text": "Cyberman\nthe Cybermen have the ability to move at a warp-like speed. At this speed they appear as blurry after images. Cyberman had also overcome the weakness of solely being able to convert human-like species; the Doctor had been safe from being in danger of conversion until this point. The Mondasian Cybermen from The Tenth Planet were updated for the Series 10 Finale. As opposed to shooting from their chest pieces they used their lanterns as weapons. This was in the Novelisation for The Tenth Planet. They also had the ability to emit electricity. The Cybermen also use smaller, cybernetic creatures",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_938
|
oklahoma's 10 geographic regions are defined by surface features called?
|
n/a
|
[
"ecological regions"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "16324620",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\nGeography of Oklahoma The Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains. Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions, more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin. It is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. Usually considered part of the South Central United States, Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16324622",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\nand with 200 lakes created by dams, it holds the highest number of reservoirs in the nation. Oklahoma covers an area of , with of land and of water, making it the 20th-largest state in the United States. Generally, it is divided into seven geographical regions: Green Country, or Northeast Oklahoma, Southeastern Oklahoma, Central Oklahoma, South Central Oklahoma, Southwest Oklahoma, Northwest Oklahoma, and the Oklahoma Panhandle. Situated between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, Oklahoma tends to slope gradually downward from its western to eastern boundaries. Its highest and lowest points follow this",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10766174",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\nin Norman. Winter and spring weather often are influenced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Winters during El Niño are cooler than average and wetter across the western portion of the state due to an amplified southern jet stream. During La Niña, the storm track is further north, therefore winters are warmer than average and drier in the western part of the state. Geography of Oklahoma The Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains. Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions, more per square mile than in any other state by a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7682800",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nits highest peak, Black Mesa, at above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, Oklahoma, which dips to above sea level. Among the most geographically diverse states, Oklahoma is one of four to harbor more than 10 distinct ecological regions, with 11 in its borders—more per square mile than in any other state. Its western and eastern halves, however, are marked by extreme differences in geographical diversity: Eastern Oklahoma touches eight ecological regions and its western",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11430382",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nanchors, with nearly two thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas. With ancient mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, and the U.S. Interior Highlands, a region prone mainly to severe weather. More than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, ranking third behind Alaska and California. Oklahoma is on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives, a destination for Southern settlers, and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans. The name \"\"Oklahoma\"\" comes from the Choctaw phrase",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16324621",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\nand near-west by Texas. The state has four primary mountain ranges: the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains. Part of the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozarks and Ouachitas form the only major highland region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and in the state's southeastern corner, Cavanal Hill is officially regarded as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails the definition of a mountain by one foot. More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma's waterways,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11430390",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\n200 lakes created by dams, it holds the nation's highest number of artificial reservoirs. Most of the state lies in two primary drainage basins belonging to the Red and Arkansas rivers, though the Lee and Little rivers also contain significant drainage basins. Due to Oklahoma's location at the confluence of many geographic regions, the state's climatic regions have a high rate of biodiversity. Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses. Where rainfall is sparse",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2164416",
"chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma Panhandle\"\nOklahoma Panhandle The Oklahoma Panhandle is the extreme northwestern region of the U.S. state of Oklahoma, consisting of Cimarron County, Texas County and Beaver County, from west to east. As with other salients in the United States, its name comes from the similarity of its shape to the handle of a pan. The three-county Oklahoma Panhandle region had a population of 28,751 at the 2010 U.S. Census, representing 0.77% of the state's population. This is a decrease in total population of 1.2%, a loss of 361 people, from the 2000 U.S. Census. The Panhandle, long and wide, is bordered by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12358896",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\nthe condition called the \"\"Dust Bowl\"\", led to the construction of a great many reservoirs throughout the state. Now, Oklahoma has the largest number of lakes created by dams of any state in the United States, with more than 200. Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma, and prairie grasslands, composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions. Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, junipers, and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12358895",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\nlike the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma, and transitional prairie and woodlands cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction. Oklahoma had few natural lakes. Those that did exist were either oxbow or playa lakes. Oklahoma has sixty-two oxbow lakes above in size. The largest, near the Red River in McCurtain County is . The prolonged drought that started in 1930 and created",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16324623",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\ntrend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,368 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near the far northwest corner of the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level. Most of the state lies in two primary drainage basins belonging to the Red and Arkansas rivers, though the Lee and Little rivers also contain significant drainage basins. In the state’s northwestern corner, semi-arid high plains harbor few natural forests and rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10766167",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\narmadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to black bear, red fox, grey fox, and river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Oklahoma has 41 state parks, two national protected forests or grasslands, and a network of wildlife preserves and conservation areas. Six percent of the state's 10 million acres (40,000 km) of forest is public land, including",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18598855",
"chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma statistical areas\"\ndescribes the 23 United States statistical areas and 77 counties of the State of Oklahoma with the following information: Oklahoma statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), the micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), and the combined statistical areas (CSAs) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Most recently on December 1, 2009, the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States, including 2 combined statistical areas, 4 metropolitan statistical areas, and 17 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Oklahoma. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14075078",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nfoot. The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma; transitional prairie and oak savannas cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction. More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma's waterways, and with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7682798",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nOklahoma Oklahoma () is a state in the South Central region of the United States, bordered by Kansas on the north, Missouri on the northeast, Arkansas on the east, Texas on the south, New Mexico on the west, and Colorado on the northwest. It is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the fifty United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words and , meaning \"\"red people\"\". It is also known informally by its nickname, \"\"The Sooner State\"\", in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9327332",
"chunk_text": "\"Tulsa, Oklahoma\"\nthe wetter forests of the east. With a wetter climate than points westward, Tulsa serves as a gateway to \"\"Green Country\"\", a popular and official designation for northeast Oklahoma that stems from the region's green vegetation and relatively large number of hills and lakes compared to central and western areas of Oklahoma, which lie largely in the drier Great Plains region of the Central United States. Located near the western edge of the U.S. Interior Highlands, northeastern Oklahoma is the most topographically diverse part of the state, containing seven of Oklahoma's 11 eco-regions and more than half of its state",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15272463",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nis and . Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of , with of land and of water. It lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas. Much of its border with Texas lies along the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, a failed continental rift. The geologic figure defines the placement of the Red River.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18598854",
"chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma statistical areas\"\nOklahoma statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), the micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), and the combined statistical areas (CSAs) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Most recently on December 1, 2009, the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States, including 2 combined statistical areas, 4 metropolitan statistical areas, and 17 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Oklahoma. The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 77 counties of Oklahoma. The table below",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14075077",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nhalf contains three. Although having fewer ecological regions Western Oklahoma contains many rare, relic species. Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the Ouachita Mountains, the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, and the Ozark Mountains. Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains are the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and near the state's eastern border, The Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department regards Cavanal Hill as the world's tallest hill; at , it fails their definition of a mountain by one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10766169",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\nprotected park or recreational sites, the Chickasaw National Recreation Area is the largest, with . Other federal protected sites include the Santa Fe and Trail of Tears national historic trails, the Fort Smith and Washita Battlefield national historic sites, and the Oklahoma City National Memorial. Oklahoma sits at a frequent crossroads between three different air masses: warm, humid air from the Gulf of Mexico; warm to hot, dry air from Mexico and the Southwestern U.S.; and cold, dry air from Canada. Especially from fall to spring, Oklahoma sees frequent air mass changes, which can produce drastic swings in both temperature",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15272515",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nMary Linn, an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Oklahoma and the associate curator of Native American languages at the Sam Noble Museum, notes Oklahoma also has high levels of language endangerment. Sixty-seven Native American tribes are represented in Oklahoma, including 39 federally recognized tribes, who are headquartered and have tribal jurisdictional areas in the state. Western ranchers, Native American tribes, Southern settlers, and eastern oil barons have shaped the state's cultural predisposition, and its largest cities have been named among the most underrated cultural destinations in the United States. Residents of Oklahoma are associated with traits of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10766168",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\nthe western portions of the Ouachita National Forest, the largest and oldest national forest in the southern United States. With , the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing . Of Oklahoma's federally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7682806",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nparks, six national parks or protected regions, two national protected forests or grasslands, and a network of wildlife preserves and conservation areas. Six percent of the state's 10 million acres (40,000 km) of forest is public land, including the western portions of the Ouachita National Forest, the largest and oldest national forest in the Southern United States. With , the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17708674",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographical feature\"\nBiomes are often identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorized by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers, and numerous other elements. Oceans and continents are the highest-order landforms. A body of water is any significant accumulation of water, usually covering the Earth. The term \"\"body of water\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14075075",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nwas much easier to leave the mistake than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd meridian. Cimarron County in Oklahoma's panhandle is the only county in the United States that touches four other states: New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, and Kansas. Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2914317",
"chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma City\"\nregion in the center of the state, making it an ideal location for state government. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Oklahoma City lies in the Sandstone Hills region of Oklahoma, known for hills of 250 to and two species of oak: blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica) and post oak (Q. stellata). The northeastern part of the city and its eastern suburbs fall into an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15272468",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nBlack Kettle National Grassland covers of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing . Of Oklahoma's federally protected parks or recreational sites, the Chickasaw National Recreation Area is the largest, with . Other sites include the Santa Fe and Trail of Tears national historic trails, the Fort Smith and Washita Battlefield national historic sites, and the Oklahoma City National Memorial. Oklahoma is in a humid subtropical region. Oklahoma lies in a transition zone between humid continental climate to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17440185",
"chunk_text": "\"Green Country\"\nand Stroud, the southwestern most town in the region. Green Country Green Country, sometimes referred to as Northeast Oklahoma, is the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Oklahoma, which lies west of the northern half of Arkansas, the southwestern corner of Missouri, and south of Kansas. The region is noted for its mild rainy climate and beautiful scenery. Its name was devised in the 1960s by the Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation as one of six travel destination regions within the state, but is the most historically significant of all of them, as the name's usage can be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12690109",
"chunk_text": "\"Tulsa, Oklahoma\"\nnortheastern quadrant. It is informally known as \"\"Green Country\"\", a longstanding name adopted the state's official tourism designation for all of northeastern Oklahoma (its usage in relation to the Tulsa Metropolitan Area can be traced to the early part of the 20th century). The Census Bureau defines the sphere of the city's influence as the Tulsa Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), spanning seven counties: Tulsa, Rogers, Osage, Wagoner, Okmulgee, Pawnee, and Creek. The 2015 U.S. Census estimate shows the Tulsa MSA to have 981,005 residents In 2015, U.S. Census estimates show the Tulsa-Muscogee-Bartlesville CMSA to have 1,151,172 residents. Tulsa has a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6218591",
"chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma City metropolitan area\"\nOklahoma City metropolitan area The Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area is an urban region in Central Oklahoma. It is the largest metropolitan area in the state of Oklahoma and contains the state capital and principal city, Oklahoma City. It is often known as the Oklahoma City Metro, Oklahoma City Metroplex, or Greater Oklahoma City in addition to the nicknames Oklahoma City is known for. Seven counties make up the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area: Canadian, Cleveland, Grady, Lincoln, Logan, McClain, and Oklahoma. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the region had a population of 1,252,987. The micro urban area of Shawnee (in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17129576",
"chunk_text": "\"Southwestern Oklahoma\"\nSouthwestern Oklahoma Southwest Oklahoma is a geographical name for the southwest portion of the state of Oklahoma, typically considered to be south of the Canadian River, extending eastward from the Texas border to a line roughly from Weatherford, to Anadarko, to Duncan. Geologically, the region is defined by a failed continental rift known as the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen. The austere nature of the prairie landscape with intermittent island ranges has made it a favorable place for artists and photographers alike. Anchored by Lawton, its largest city, Southwest Oklahoma's other important urban centers include Elk City, Clinton, Weatherford, Walters, Altus, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17854024",
"chunk_text": "\"Oklahoma City\"\nthough much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the ninth-largest city in the United States by total area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the second largest city in the United States by total area, after Houston, whose government is similarly not consolidated with that of a county or borough). Lying in the Great Plains region, Oklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is in the middle of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15319952",
"chunk_text": "\"Central Oklahoma\"\nCentral Oklahoma Central Oklahoma is the geographical name for the central region of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is also known by the Oklahoma Department of Tourism designation, Frontier Country. Central Oklahoma is dominated by the largest urban area in the state, the Greater Oklahoma City area. Oklahoma City is the political, economic, tourism, commercial, industrial, financial, and geographical hub of the state, as well as being its primary cultural center. The only Central Oklahoma city which is not officially considered a suburb of Oklahoma City is Stillwater, Oklahoma. Central Oklahoma is a humid-subtropical region dominated by the Cross",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10766173",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\ntemperature of 62 °F (17 °C) and an annual rainfall of over 40 and as high as , while areas of the panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with an annual rainfall under . All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C), or below 0 °F (−18 °C) (though subzero temperatures are rare in southeastern Oklahoma), and snowfall ranges from an average of less than in the far south to just over on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the National Storm Prediction Center of the National Weather Service located",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3006463",
"chunk_text": "\"Northwestern Oklahoma\"\nNorthwestern Oklahoma Northwestern Oklahoma is the geographical region of the state of Oklahoma which includes the Oklahoma Panhandle and a majority of the Cherokee Outlet, stretching to an eastern extent along Interstate 35, and its southern extent along the Canadian River to Noble County. Northwest Oklahoma is also known by its Oklahoma Department of Tourism designation, Red Carpet Country (www.RedCarpetCountry.com), which is named after the region's red soil and alludes to the metaphor that the panhandle is a \"\"red carpet\"\" into Oklahoma. The region consists of Cimarron, Texas, Beaver, Harper, Woods, Alfalfa, Grant, Kay, Ellis, Woodward, Major, Garfield, Noble, Dewey,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8634388",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Texas\"\nGeography of Texas By residents, the state is generally divided into North Texas, East Texas, Central Texas, South Texas, West Texas (and sometimes the Panhandle), but according to the \"\"Texas Almanac\"\", Texas has four major physical regions: Gulf Coastal Plains, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, and Basin and Range Province. This has been cited as the difference between human geography and physical geography, although the fact that Texas was granted the prerogative to divide into as many as five U.S. states may be a historical motive for Texans defining their state as containing exactly five regions. Some regions in Texas are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15273933",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nFollowing the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. In the current congress, Oklahoma's entire delegation are all Republicans. Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including four cities over 100,000 in population and 43 over 10,000. Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and sixty-five percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area. Oklahoma",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3006466",
"chunk_text": "\"Northwestern Oklahoma\"\nOklahoma Territory. \"\"No Man's Land\"\" became Seventh County under the newly organized Oklahoma Territory, land was soon renamed Beaver County. Northwestern Oklahoma took its current form when Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory joined the Union in 1907 as the single U.S. state of Oklahoma. Northwest Oklahoma ranges from dry and flat to an area with mountain ranges and mesas, a testament to the Southwest Tablelands ecoregion that dominates the area. Canyons and grasslands, such as the Rita Blanca National Grassland, help to give Northwest Oklahoma a distinctive Southwest-like landscape, differing from other parts of the state. Black Mesa, the state's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12358901",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Oklahoma\"\nand humidity. Much of the state is often subjected to extremes in temperature, wind, drought, and rainfall. Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characterized by frequent interaction between cold and warm air masses, producing severe weather, with the highest-risk months from April to June. An average of 62 tornadoes strike the state per year, making that one of the highest rates in the world. Due to its position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely between relatively short distances. Precipitation occurs year-round, but average monthly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15273923",
"chunk_text": "Oklahoma\nand ships over two million tons of cargo each year. Both ports are on the McClellan–Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River via the Verdigris and Arkansas rivers, contributing to one of the busiest waterways in the world. Oklahoma is a constitutional republic with a government modeled after the Federal government of the United States, with executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The state has 77 counties with jurisdiction over most local government functions within each respective domain, five congressional districts, and a voting base with a plurality in the Republican",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15285740",
"chunk_text": "\"Salient (geography)\"\nSalient (geography) A salient is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state. While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends out from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit. In American English the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extension of Oklahoma. Less common descriptors include chimney (if protruding northward, as a chimney does from a roof,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5070466",
"chunk_text": "Region\nbounded by large geological features that influence large-scale ecologies, such as plains and features. As a way of describing spatial areas, the concept of regions is important and widely used among the many branches of geography, each of which can describe areas in regional terms. For example, ecoregion is a term used in environmental geography, cultural region in cultural geography, bioregion in biogeography, and so on. The field of geography that studies regions themselves is called regional geography. In the fields of physical geography, ecology, biogeography, zoogeography, and environmental geography, regions tend to be based on natural features such as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "255126",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of the United States\"\nfound in Colorado, the tallest peak being Mount Elbert at . The Rocky Mountains contain some of the most spectacular, and well known scenery in the world. In addition, instead of being one generally continuous and solid mountain range, it is broken up into a number of smaller, intermittent mountain ranges, forming a large series of basins and valleys. West of the Rocky Mountains lies the Intermontane Plateaus (also known as the Intermountain West), a large, arid desert lying between the Rockies and the Cascades and Sierra Nevada ranges. The large southern portion, known as the Great Basin, consists of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16418580",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Basin\"\nGreat Basin The Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds in North America. It spans nearly all of Nevada, much of Oregon and Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, and Wyoming. It is noted for both its arid climate and the basin and range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than away at the summit of Mount Whitney. The region spans several physiographic divisions, biomes, ecoregions, and deserts. The term \"\"Great Basin\"\" is applied to hydrographic, biological, floristic, physiographic, topographic, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "719526",
"chunk_text": "\"Arkansas–White–Red water resource region\"\n1114. This region includes the drainage of the Arkansas, White, and Red River Basins above the points of highest backwater effect of the Mississippi River. Includes all of Oklahoma and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, and Texas. Arkansas–White–Red water resource region The Arkansas–White–Red water resource region is one of 21 major geographic areas, or regions, in the first level of classification used by the United States Geological Survey to divide and sub-divide the United States into successively smaller hydrologic units. These geographic areas contain either the drainage area of a major river, or the combined drainage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5654641",
"chunk_text": "\"South Central Oklahoma\"\ncedar and mesquite trees. In addition to abundant water resources latent in the Arbuckle-Simpson Aquifer, the region has some of the highest oil & gas production in the state, with Carter County seated as the largest producer in the state. The region consists of the following counties in Oklahoma: Atoka, Bryan, Carter, Coal, Garvin, Johnston, Love, Marshall, Murray and Pontotoc. The Arbuckle Mountains are the defining geographical entity in this region, with peaks (once taller than the Rockies) eroded down to their current elevation of 200-300' above the surrounding terrain. Many lakes are also located throughout the region, often shaped",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "279512",
"chunk_text": "\"Western United States\"\ndefinition of the 13 westernmost states includes the Rocky Mountains and the Great Basin to the West Coast, and the outlying states, Alaska and Hawaii. The West contains several major biomes, including arid and semi-arid plateaus and plains, particularly in the American Southwest; forested mountains, including two major ranges, the American Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains; the massive coastal shoreline of the American Pacific Coast; and the rainforests of the Pacific Northwest. The Western U.S. is the largest region of the country, covering more than half the land area of the United States. It is also the most geographically diverse,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10137692",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Plains\"\nwas not generally used before the early 20th century. Nevin Fenneman's 1916 study \"\"Physiographic Subdivision of the United States\"\" brought the term Great Plains into more widespread usage. Before that the region was almost invariably called the High Plains, in contrast to the lower Prairie Plains of the Midwestern states. Today the term \"\"High Plains\"\" is used for a subregion of the Great Plains. The Great Plains are the westernmost portion of the vast North American Interior Plains, which extend east to the Appalachian Plateau. The United States Geological Survey divides the Great Plains in the United States into ten",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3006467",
"chunk_text": "\"Northwestern Oklahoma\"\nhighest peak at 4,973 feet, is part of a large range of mesas in the panhandle which stretch into New Mexico. Another mesa range, the Glass (or Gloss) Mountains, sits in the center of Northwest Oklahoma, just south of the Cimarron River along Highway 412. Great Salt Plains Lake, one of the largest inland salt lakes in the United States, is located near Alva. Northwestern Oklahoma Northwestern Oklahoma is the geographical region of the state of Oklahoma which includes the Oklahoma Panhandle and a majority of the Cherokee Outlet, stretching to an eastern extent along Interstate 35, and its southern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15640045",
"chunk_text": "\"Tulsa metropolitan area\"\ndevised in the 1960s by the Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation as one of six travel destination regions within the state, but is the most historically significant of all of them, as the name's usage can be traced to the early part of the 20th century. While the Tulsa MSA only officially occupies a section of Green Country as it is defined by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation, the entire region is sometimes referred to as the Greater Tulsa Area. On the same accord, the term \"\"Green Country\"\" often applies to the immediate Tulsa urban area or the city",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_939
|
communities of similar organisms found in a particular environment are called?
|
n/a
|
[
"species",
"habitat"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14648798",
"chunk_text": "Biome\nBiome A biome is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. They can be found over a range of continents. Biomes are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate. \"\"Biome\"\" is a broader term than \"\"habitat\"\"; any biome can comprise a variety of habitats. While a biome can cover large areas, a microbiome is a mix of organisms that coexist in a defined space on a much smaller scale. For example, the human microbiome is the collection of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13185129",
"chunk_text": "\"Community (ecology)\"\nCommunity (ecology) In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also known as a biocoenosis. The term community has a variety of uses. In its simplest form it refers to groups of organisms in a specific place or time, for example, \"\"the fish community of Lake Ontario before industrialization\"\". Community ecology or synecology is the study of the interactions between species in communities on many spatial and temporal scales, including the distribution, structure, abundance, demography, and interactions between coexisting populations. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10369054",
"chunk_text": "\"Community (ecology)\"\nwhich a product of one organism has a negative effect on another organism but the original organism is unaffected. Parasitism is an interaction in which one organism, the host, is harmed while the other, the parasite, benefits. A major research theme among community ecology has been whether ecological communities have a (nonrandom) structure and, if so how to characterise this structure. Forms of community structure include aggregation and nestedness. Community (ecology) In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3205724",
"chunk_text": "Ecology\nof similar species inhabiting species-rich communities. The habitat plus the niche is called the ecotope, which is defined as the full range of environmental and biological variables affecting an entire species. Organisms are subject to environmental pressures, but they also modify their habitats. The regulatory feedback between organisms and their environment can affect conditions from local (e.g., a beaver pond) to global scales, over time and even after death, such as decaying logs or silica skeleton deposits from marine organisms. The process and concept of ecosystem engineering is related to niche construction, but the former relates only to the physical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19399354",
"chunk_text": "\"Ecological niche\"\nEcological niche In ecology, a niche (, or ) is the fit of a species living under specific environmental conditions. The ecological niche describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors (for example, by growing when resources are abundant, and when predators, parasites and pathogens are scarce) and how it in turn alters those same factors (for example, limiting access to resources by other organisms, acting as a food source for predators and a consumer of prey). \"\"The type and number of variables comprising the dimensions of an environmental niche vary from one species",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7550661",
"chunk_text": "\"Guild (ecology)\"\nsimilar niches (for example, \"\"the insect community\"\"). Nor is a guild the same as a trophic species, organisms of the same species that have mutual predators and prey. Guild (ecology) A guild (or ecological guild) is any group of species that exploit the same resources, or that exploit different resources in related ways. It is not necessary that the species within a guild occupy the same, or even similar, ecological niches. An ecological niche is defined as the role an organism plays in its community, i.e. decomposer, primary producer, etc. Guilds are defined according to the locations, attributes, or activities",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17708673",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographical feature\"\nincluding \"\"inter alia\"\", terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems. Living organisms are continually engaged in a set of relationships with every other element constituting the environment in which they exist, and ecosystem describes any situation where there is relationship between organisms and their environment. Biomes represent large areas of ecologically similar communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms. Biomes are defined based on factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and needleleaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and climate. Unlike ecozones, biomes are not defined by genetic, taxonomic, or historical similarities.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5844088",
"chunk_text": "Habitat\nHabitat In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives. It is characterized by both physical and biological features. A species' habitat is those places where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction. The physical factors are for example soil, moisture, range of temperature, and light intensity as well as biotic factors such as the availability of food and the presence or absence of predators. Every organism has certain habitat needs for the conditions in which it will thrive, but some are tolerant of wide variations while others",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15626171",
"chunk_text": "Ecology\nknown to occur and the type of community that is formed as a result. More specifically, \"\"habitats can be defined as regions in environmental space that are composed of multiple dimensions, each representing a biotic or abiotic environmental variable; that is, any component or characteristic of the environment related directly (e.g. forage biomass and quality) or indirectly (e.g. elevation) to the use of a location by the animal.\"\" For example, a habitat might be an aquatic or terrestrial environment that can be further categorized as a montane or alpine ecosystem. Habitat shifts provide important evidence of competition in nature where",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1302346",
"chunk_text": "\"Plant community\"\nPlant community A plant community (sometimes \"\"phytocoenosis\"\" or \"\"phytocenosis\"\") is a collection or association of plant species within a designated geographical unit, which forms a relatively uniform patch, distinguishable from neighboring patches of different vegetation types. The components of each plant community are influenced by soil type, topography, climate and human disturbance. In many cases there are several soil types within a given phytocoenosis. A plant community can be described \"\"floristically\"\" (the species it contains) and/or \"\"physiognomically\"\" (its physical structure). For example, a forest (a community of trees) includes the overstory, or upper tree layer of the canopy, as well",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "410266",
"chunk_text": "\"Insect ecology\"\nman and infect one in six humans with a pathogen. Community ecology is the process by which a group of organisms which live in the same location interact. There is direct interaction, which takes the form of symbiosis, competition and predation, which are the most easily notable. There is also indirect interaction, such as reproduction, foraging patterns and decaying. Every organism is at its most basic state could be a consumer in some situations, and a producer in others. The culmination of all these interactions is what defines a community and what differentiates one from another. Insects often play several",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8796977",
"chunk_text": "Metacommunity\nMetacommunity An ecological metacommunity is a set of interacting communities which are linked by the dispersal of multiple, potentially interacting species. The term is derived from the field of community ecology, which is primarily concerned with patterns of species distribution, abundance and interactions. Metacommunity ecology combines the importance of local factors (environmental conditions, competition, predation) and regional factors (dispersal of individuals, immigration, emigration) to explain patterns of species distributions that happen in different spatial scales. There are four theoretical frameworks, or unifying themes, that each detail specific mechanistic processes useful for predicting empirical community patterns. These are the patch dynamics,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "840132",
"chunk_text": "Community\nconstituted a social community, and spatial subdivisions of cities and other large settlements may have formed communities. Archaeologists typically use similarities in material culture—from house types to styles of pottery—to reconstruct communities in the past. This is based on the assumption that people or households will share more similarities in the types and styles of their material goods with other members of a social community than they will with outsiders. In ecology, a community is an assemblage of populations of different species, interacting with one another. Community ecology is the branch of ecology that studies interactions between and among species.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13566584",
"chunk_text": "Biology\nthe environment are possible, even on small scales. A microscopic bacterium responding to a local sugar gradient is responding to its environment as much as a lion searching for food in the African savanna. For any species, behaviors can be co-operative, competitive, parasitic, or symbiotic. Matters become more complex when two or more species interact in an ecosystem. Ecological systems are studied at several different levels, from the scale of the ecology of individual organisms, to those of populations, to the ecosystems and finally the biosphere. The term population biology is often used interchangeably with population ecology, although \"\"population biology\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19565066",
"chunk_text": "\"Natural environment\"\nand services on a sustainable level. The term ecosystem can also pertain to human-made environments, such as human ecosystems and human-influenced ecosystems, and can describe any situation where there is relationship between living organisms and their environment. Fewer areas on the surface of the earth today exist free from human contact, although some genuine wilderness areas continue to exist without any forms of human intervention. Biomes are terminologically similar to the concept of ecosystems, and are climatically and geographically defined areas of ecologically similar climatic conditions on the Earth, such as communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, often referred",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7682632",
"chunk_text": "\"Relative species abundance\"\nRelative species abundance Relative species abundance is a component of biodiversity and refers to how common or rare a species is relative to other species in a defined location or community. Relative abundance is the percent composition of an organism of a particular kind relative to the total number of organisms in the area. Relative species abundances tend to conform to specific patterns that are among the best-known and most-studied patterns in macroecology. Different populations in a community exist in relative proportions; this idea is known as relative abundance. Relative species abundance and species richness describe key elements of biodiversity.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8465512",
"chunk_text": "Ecology\nEcology Ecology (from , \"\"house\"\", or \"\"environment\"\"; -λογία, \"\"study of\"\") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment. Objects of study include interactions of organisms with each other and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest include the biodiversity, distribution, biomass, and populations of organisms, as well as cooperation and competition within and between species. Ecosystems are dynamically interacting systems of organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and niche construction, regulate the flux of energy and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12762934",
"chunk_text": "\"Colony (biology)\"\nColony (biology) In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another. This association is usually for mutual benefit such as stronger defense or the ability to attack bigger prey. It is a cluster of identical cells (clones) on the surface of (or within) a solid medium, usually derived from a single parent cell, as in bacterial colony. In contrast, a solitary organism is one in which all individuals live independently and have all of the functions needed to survive and reproduce. Colonies, in the context of development,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15626215",
"chunk_text": "Ecology\nit becomes selectively advantageous for groups if their members express altruistic behaviours to one another. Groups with predominantly altruistic members survive better than groups with predominantly selfish members. Ecological interactions can be classified broadly into a host and an associate relationship. A host is any entity that harbours another that is called the associate. Relationships within a species that are mutually or reciprocally beneficial are called mutualisms. Examples of mutualism include fungus-growing ants employing agricultural symbiosis, bacteria living in the guts of insects and other organisms, the fig wasp and yucca moth pollination complex, lichens with fungi and photosynthetic algae,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1358882",
"chunk_text": "Biotope\nBiotope A biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals. \"\"Biotope\"\" is almost synonymous with the term \"\"habitat\"\", which is more commonly used in English-speaking countries. However, in some countries these two terms are distinguished: the subject of a habitat is a population, the subject of a biotope is a \"\"biocoenosis\"\" or \"\"biological community. It is an English loanword derived from the German \"\"\"\", which in turn came from the Greek \"\"bios\"\", \"\"life\"\" and \"\"topos\"\", \"\"place\"\". (The related word \"\"geotope\"\" has made its way into the English language",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19565063",
"chunk_text": "\"Natural environment\"\nthe capacity for growth, functional activity and the continual change preceding death. A diverse variety of living organisms (life forms) can be found in the biosphere on Earth, and properties common to these organisms—plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria—are a carbon- and water-based cellular form with complex organization and heritable genetic information. Living organisms undergo metabolism, maintain homeostasis, possess a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce and, through natural selection, adapt to their environment in successive generations. More complex living organisms can communicate through various means. An ecosystem (also called as environment) is a natural unit consisting of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5862329",
"chunk_text": "\"Species–area relationship\"\nSpecies–area relationship The species–area relationship or species–area curve describes the relationship between the area of a habitat, or of part of a habitat, and the number of species found within that area. Larger areas tend to contain larger numbers of species, and empirically, the relative numbers seem to follow systematic mathematical relationships. The species–area relationship is usually constructed for a single type of organism, such as all vascular plants or all species of a specific trophic level within a particular site. It is rarely, if ever, constructed for all types of organisms if simply because of the prodigious data requirements.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18418771",
"chunk_text": "\"Holistic community\"\nHolistic community A holistic community (also referred to as closed or unitary) is an ecosystem where the species within the community are interdependent on each other for keeping balance and stability of the system. These communities are described as working like a superorganism, meaning that every species plays an important part in the overall well being of the ecosystem in which the community resides; much like the organelles within a cell, or even the cells making up one organism. Holistic communities have diffused boundaries, and an independent species range. Co-evolution is likely to be found in communities structured after this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6950502",
"chunk_text": "Microbiota\nMicrobiota A microbiota is an \"\"ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms\"\" found in and on all multicellular organisms studied to date from plants to animals. A microbiota includes bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi and viruses. Microbiota have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal and metabolic homeostasis of their host. The synonymous term microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microorganisms that reside in an environmental niche or the microorganisms themselves. The microbiome and host emerged during evolution as a synergistic unit from epigenetics and genetic characteristics, sometimes collectively referred to as a holobiont. All plants and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7550658",
"chunk_text": "\"Guild (ecology)\"\nGuild (ecology) A guild (or ecological guild) is any group of species that exploit the same resources, or that exploit different resources in related ways. It is not necessary that the species within a guild occupy the same, or even similar, ecological niches. An ecological niche is defined as the role an organism plays in its community, i.e. decomposer, primary producer, etc. Guilds are defined according to the locations, attributes, or activities of their component species. For example, the mode of acquiring nutrients, the mobility, and the habitat zones that the species occupy or exploit can be used to define",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19399359",
"chunk_text": "\"Ecological niche\"\nof the thrasher's behavior and physical traits (camouflaging color, short wings, strong legs) with this habitat. This perspective of niche allows for the existence of both ecological equivalents and empty niches. An ecological equivalent to an organism is an organism from a different taxonomic group exhibiting similar adaptations in a similar habitat, an example being the different succulents found in American and African deserts, cactus and euphorbia, respectively. As another example, the anole lizards of the Greater Antilles are a rare example of convergent evolution, adaptive radiation, and the existence of ecological equivalents: the anole lizards evolved in similar microhabitats",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13856686",
"chunk_text": "Species\nbiological species concept, \"\"the several versions\"\" of the phylogenetic species concept, and the idea that species are of the same kind as higher taxa are not suitable for biodiversity studies (with the intention of estimating the number of species accurately). They further suggest that the concept works for both asexual and sexually-reproducing species. An ecological species is a set of organisms adapted to a particular set of resources, called a niche, in the environment. According to this concept, populations form the discrete phenetic clusters that we recognise as species because the ecological and evolutionary processes controlling how resources are divided",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "3360760",
"chunk_text": "Fauna\nFauna Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is \"\"flora\"\". Flora, fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as \"\"biota\"\". Zoologists and paleontologists use \"\"fauna\"\" to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the \"\"Sonoran Desert fauna\"\" or the \"\"Burgess Shale fauna\"\". Paleontologists sometimes refer to a sequence of faunal stages, which is a series of rocks all containing similar fossils. The study of animals of a particular region is called faunistics. \"\"Fauna\"\" comes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12324548",
"chunk_text": "Biocoenosis\nBiocoenosis A biocenosis (UK English, \"\"biocoenosis\"\", also biocenose, biocoenose, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, life assemblage,) coined by Karl Möbius in 1877, describes the interacting organisms living together in a habitat (biotope). In the palaeontological literature, the term distinguishes \"\"life assemblages\"\", which reflect the original living community, living together at one place and time. In other words, it is an assemblage of fossils or a community of specific time, which is different from \"\"death assemblages\"\" (thanatocoenoses). No palaeontological assemblage will ever completely represent the original biological community (i.e. the biocoenosis, in the sense used by an ecologist); the term",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7550660",
"chunk_text": "\"Guild (ecology)\"\nplants. Each of those two sub-guilds may be regarded as guilds in appropriate contexts, and they might, in turn, have sub-guilds in more closely selective contexts. Some authorities even speak of guilds in terms of a fractal resource model. This concept arises in several related contexts, such as the metabolic theory of ecology, the scaling pattern of occupancy, and spatial analysis in ecology, all of which are fundamental concepts in defining guilds. An ecological guild is not to be confused with a taxocene, a group of phylogenetically related organisms in a community that do not necessarily share the same or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20000246",
"chunk_text": "\"Biophysical environment\"\nBiophysical environment A biophysical environment is a biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development, and evolution. A biophysical environment can vary in scale from microscopic to global in extent. It can also be subdivided according to its attributes. Examples include the marine environment, the atmospheric environment and the terrestrial environment. The number of biophysical environments is countless, given that each living organism has its own environment. The term \"\"environment\"\" can refer to a singular global environment in relation to humanity, or a local biophysical environment,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10749674",
"chunk_text": "\"Mutualism (biology)\"\nMutualism (biology) Mutualism or interspecific cooperation is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual fitness benefits from the activity of the other. Similar interactions \"\"within\"\" a species are known as co-operation. Mutualism can be contrasted with interspecific competition, in which each species experiences \"\"reduced\"\" fitness, and exploitation, or parasitism, in which one species benefits at the \"\"expense\"\" of the other. Symbiosis involves two species living in close proximity and may be mutualistic, parasitic, or commensal, so symbiotic relationships are not always mutualistic. A well-known mutualism is the relationship between ungulates (such as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7021314",
"chunk_text": "Habitat\ngrow. It is similar in meaning to a biotope; an area of uniform environmental conditions associated with a particular community of plants and animals. The chief environmental factors affecting the distribution of living organisms are temperature, humidity, climate, soil type and light intensity, and the presence or absence of all the requirements that the organism needs to sustain it. Generally speaking, animal communities are reliant on specific types of plant communities. Some plants and animals are generalists, and their habitat requirements are met in a wide range of locations. The small white butterfly (\"\"Pieris rapae\"\") for example is found on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "841386",
"chunk_text": "\"Microsite (ecology)\"\nMicrosite (ecology) All living things live in a physical environment. This environment may or may not have the required features we need for our fitness. This environment is further divided into sub environment within the same environment and it is term microsite. Each microsite has a direct influence on the our survival. This article is about your microsite. A microsite is a term used in ecology to describe a pocket within an environment with unique features, conditions or characteristics. Classifying different microsites may depend on temperature, humidity, sunlight, nutrient availability, soil physical characteristics, vegetation cover, etc. Being a sub environment",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16179752",
"chunk_text": "\"Competition (biology)\"\nCompetition (biology) Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed. Limited supply of at least one resource (such as food, water, and territory) used by both can be a factor. Competition both within and between species is an important topic in ecology, especially community ecology. Competition is one of many interacting biotic and abiotic factors that affect community structure. Competition among members of the same species is known as intraspecific competition, while competition between individuals of different species is known as interspecific competition. Competition is not always straightforward, and can occur",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17126146",
"chunk_text": "\"Microbial ecology\"\nMicrobial ecology Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. It concerns the three major domains of life—Eukaryota, Archaea, and Bacteria—as well as viruses. Microorganisms, by their omnipresence, impact the entire biosphere. Microbial life plays a primary role in regulating biogeochemical systems in virtually all of our planet's environments, including some of the most extreme, from frozen environments and acidic lakes, to hydrothermal vents at the bottom of deepest oceans, and some of the most familiar, such as the human small intestine. As a consequence of the quantitative magnitude",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10270205",
"chunk_text": "\"Ecological niche\"\nof a realized niche are described by the realized niche width of that species. Some plants and animals, called specialists, need specific habitats and surroundings to survive, such as the spotted owl, which lives specifically in old growth forests. Other plants and animals, called generalists, are not as particular and can survive in a range of conditions, for example the dandelion. Ecological niche In ecology, a niche (, or ) is the fit of a species living under specific environmental conditions. The ecological niche describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors (for example,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7682633",
"chunk_text": "\"Relative species abundance\"\nRelative species abundance refers to how common or rare a species is relative to other species in a given location or community. Usually relative species abundances are described for a single trophic level. Because such species occupy the same trophic level they will potentially or actually compete for similar resources. For example, relative species abundances might describe all terrestrial birds in a forest community or all planktonic copepods in a particular marine environment. Relative species abundances follow very similar patterns over a wide range of ecological communities. When plotted as a histogram of the number of species represented by 1,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12324551",
"chunk_text": "Biocoenosis\nunder the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). Biocoenosis A biocenosis (UK English, \"\"biocoenosis\"\", also biocenose, biocoenose, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, life assemblage,) coined by Karl Möbius in 1877, describes the interacting organisms living together in a habitat (biotope). In the palaeontological literature, the term distinguishes \"\"life assemblages\"\", which reflect the original living community, living together at one place and time. In other words, it is an assemblage of fossils or a community of specific time, which is different from \"\"death assemblages\"\" (thanatocoenoses). No palaeontological assemblage will ever completely represent the original biological community (i.e.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19271915",
"chunk_text": "\"Sympatric speciation\"\nallopatric, once the time spent flying over or moving quickly through intervening non-preferred niches is taken into account. Sympatric speciation Sympatric speciation is the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region. In evolutionary biology and biogeography, sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organisms whose ranges overlap so that they occur together at least in some places. If these organisms are closely related (e.g. sister species), such a distribution may be the result of sympatric speciation. Etymologically, sympatry is derived from the Greek roots \"\"συν\"\" (\"\"together\"\") and \"\"πατρίς\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10369051",
"chunk_text": "\"Community (ecology)\"\nand random extinctions (which decrease diversity). Species interact in various ways: competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, etc. The organization of a biological community with respect to ecological interactions is referred to as community structure. Species can compete with each other for finite resources. It is considered to be an important limiting factor of population size, biomass and species richness. Many types of competition have been described, but proving the existence of these interactions is a matter of debate. Direct competition has been observed between individuals, populations and species, but there is little evidence that competition has been the driving force",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9710568",
"chunk_text": "\"Flora (microbiology)\"\nFlora (microbiology) In microbiology, flora (plural: floras or floræ) refers to the collective bacteria and other microorganisms in an ecosystem (e.g., some part of the body of an animal host). While the term microflora is common, it is technically a misnomer since \"\"flora\"\" pertains to the kingdom Plantae. Some textbooks now use the term microbiota. Microorganisms with animal-like characteristics are classed as microfauna. Bacterial flora is a community of bacteria that exists on or in the body, and possesses a unique ecological relationship with the host. Bacterial flora encompasses a wide variety microorganisms, and the interactions between microbes and host",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3205737",
"chunk_text": "Ecology\nof species that inhabit the same geographic area. Community ecologists study the determinants of patterns and processes for two or more interacting species. Research in community ecology might measure species diversity in grasslands in relation to soil fertility. It might also include the analysis of predator-prey dynamics, competition among similar plant species, or mutualistic interactions between crabs and corals. Ecosystems may be habitats within biomes that form an integrated whole and a dynamically responsive system having both physical and biological complexes. Ecosystem ecology is the science of determining the fluxes of materials (e.g. carbon, phosphorus) between different pools (e.g., tree",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4831378",
"chunk_text": "\"Niche differentiation\"\nbeetles, prairie birds and algae.The basic idea is that there can be clusters of very similar species all applying the same successful strategy and between them open spaces. Here the species cluster takes the place of a single species in the classical ecological models. Department of Entomology, University of Queensland, Australia. Niche differentiation The term niche differentiation (synonymous with niche segregation, niche separation and niche partitioning), as it applies to the field of ecology, refers to the process by which competing species use the environment differently in a way that helps them to coexist. The competitive exclusion principle states that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18260563",
"chunk_text": "Habitat\na zoological monotypic-habitat example; the predators that control it in its home-range in Russia are absent and it proliferates abundantly. Even though its name may seem to imply simplicity as compared with habitats, the monotypic habitat can be complex. Aquatic habitats, such as exotic \"\"Hydrilla\"\" beds, support a similarly rich fauna of macroinvertebrates to a more varied habitat, but the creatures present may differ between the two, affecting small fish and other animals higher up the food chain. Habitat In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives. It is characterized",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20478743",
"chunk_text": "Phytobiome\nPhytobiome Phytobiome is a term that relates to a plant (phyto) in a specific ecological area (biome). It includes the plant itself, the environment and all micro- and macro-organisms living in, on, or around the plant. These organisms include microbes, animals and other plants. The environment includes the soil, air and climate. Examples of ecological areas are fields, rangelands, forests. Knowledge of the interactions within a phytobiome can be used to create tools for agriculture, crop management, increased health, preservation, productivity, and sustainability of cropping and forest systems. In 2015 the American Phytopathological Society (APS) launched a research framework, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "339931",
"chunk_text": "Symbiosis\nSymbiosis Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις \"\"living together\"\", from σύν \"\"together\"\" and βίωσις \"\"living\"\") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, may be of the same or of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as \"\"the living together of unlike organisms\"\". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens; biologists have now abandoned that restriction. Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or both of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20544608",
"chunk_text": "\"Species complex\"\nSpecies complex In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related species that are very similar in appearance to the point that the boundaries between them are often unclear. Terms sometimes used synonymously but with more precise meanings are: cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two cryptic species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species living in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa once considered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1688081",
"chunk_text": "\"Plagioclimax community\"\nPlagioclimax community A Plagioclimax community is an area or habitat in which the influences of the humans have prevented the ecosystem from developing further. The ecosystem may have been stopped from reaching its full climatic climax or deflected towards a different climax by activities such as: These are known as disturbances, or arresting factors. In each case, human activity has led to a community which is not the climax community expected in such an area. If the human activity continues, the community will be held in a stable position and further succession will not occur until the human activity ceases.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10455867",
"chunk_text": "Community\nCommunity A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) that has something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity. Communities often share a sense of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms. Durable relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical ties also define a sense of community. People tend to define those social ties as important to their identity, practice, and roles in social institutions (such as family, home, work, government, society, or humanity at-large). Although communities",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_940
|
who plays scrooge mcduck in the new ducktales?
|
n/a
|
[
"David Tennant"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12829814",
"chunk_text": "\"Scrooge McDuck\"\n2016 \"\"Mickey Mouse\"\" Christmas special, \"\"Duck the Halls\"\", after Young's death, John Kassir took over voicing Scrooge McDuck, however he later tweeted that he won't be reprising his role in the reboot. Kassir continues to voice the character in subsequent appearances in this series. Scrooge makes a cameo appearance in the \"\"Legend of the Three Caballeros\"\" episode \"\"Shangri-La-Di-Da\"\", voiced by Eric Bauza. In the new \"\"DuckTales,\"\" Scrooge is played by Scottish actor David Tennant, who brings both the nephews and Donald into his home at the end of the series premier. This series shows that Scrooge previously adventured with his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8080106",
"chunk_text": "\"DuckTales (2017 TV series)\"\ncast from the original series would not be returning for the reboot, which made him \"\"heartsick\"\" at the news. The new voice cast for the series was revealed on December 16, 2016 in a video where they sing an a cappella version of the original theme song in promotion of the news. The following May, Lin-Manuel Miranda was announced as the voice of Fenton Crackshell-Cabrera / Gizmoduck. The character was changed to being Latino due to Lin-Manuel's heritage and because Angones felt that there were not enough positive Latino superheroes. In June, more cast members, including Tony Anselmo reprising his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8337374",
"chunk_text": "\"DuckTales: Remastered\"\nthem. Capcom first announced the game at PAX East 2013 on March 22, 2013. While full development of the game started in late 2011, Disney and Capcom were previously discussing the possibility of a remake from 2010. The game's backgrounds and layouts were created by Disney Television artists Mike Peraza and Rick Evans. The game features full voice acting for the characters, including the then surviving members of the original animated series cast, such as Alan Young reprising his role as Scrooge McDuck and June Foray as Magica De Spell. \"\"DuckTales: Remastered\"\" features new music composed by Jake Kaufman. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8080107",
"chunk_text": "\"DuckTales (2017 TV series)\"\nrole as Donald Duck, were announced, and during the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, Disney announced that Darkwing Duck would also make an appearance in the TV series. The art style of the show is heavily influenced not just by Carl Barks' original \"\"Uncle Scrooge\"\" comics, but also some of Barks' paintings. The theme song, written by Mark Mueller for the 1987 series, was re-recorded for the 2017 reboot. It was arranged by Michael \"\"Smidi\"\" Smithand and TJ Stafford and sung by Felicia Barton. Released through the Disney XD YouTube channel ahead of the show's premiere, these shorts spotlight several characters.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7896164",
"chunk_text": "DuckTales\non August 3, 1990 by Walt Disney Pictures and Disney MovieToons, Disney TV Animation division and Disney France. The film follows Scrooge McDuck and his nephews as they try to defeat the evil warlock Merlock from taking over the legendary magic lamp. Disney XD announced that it is planning to reboot the original \"\"DuckTales\"\" TV series. The new reboot premiered on August 11, 2017. In May 2015, Terry McGovern (the original voice of Launchpad McQuack) stated on Facebook that the entire voice cast would be replaced, stating he felt \"\"heartsick\"\" at the news. A \"\"DuckTales\"\" video game was developed by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16495826",
"chunk_text": "\"Sacco van der Made\"\nSacco van der Made Gerard Johannes \"\"Sacco\"\" van der Made (4 April 1918, Rotterdam – 21 December 1997, Rotterdam) was a Dutch actor and voice actor. He provided the voice of Scrooge McDuck in the Dutch version in the television show \"\"DuckTales\"\". His last big TV role was that of Bert Jansen in the comedy show \"\"Het zonnetje in huis\"\", the Dutch version of \"\"Tom, Dick and Harriet\"\". His last role was that of Gerard Krol in the crime series \"\"Baantjer\"\". He died at the age of 79 and is buried at a general burial site in Nisse. His son,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17059302",
"chunk_text": "\"Flintheart Glomgold\"\nA spike in the price of gold during the late 2000s and early 2010s allowed Glomgold to become the second-wealthiest fictional character. His nemesis, Scrooge McDuck (who has appeared in most of the \"\"Fictional 15\"\" lists to date), surpassed him in the 2013 list, in which Glomgold did not appear. Glomgold, now voiced by Keith Ferguson, returns as Scrooge's nemesis in the 2017 reboot of \"\"DuckTales\"\". Glomgold also now appears much stouter than in previous versions, however, his outfit and personality remains relatively unchanged from the 1987 version. In this version, it is implied Glomgold is South African but pretends",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1448782",
"chunk_text": "\"David Tennant\"\n\"\"Kinect Sports Rivals\"\". On 9 February 2015, Tennant appeared on the Radio 4 panel show \"\"Just a Minute\"\", becoming the show's most successful debut contestant. Between March and June 2017 Tennant will appear in Patrick Marber's \"\"Don Juan in Soho\"\" at the Wyndham's Theatre. Also in 2017, he took over as the voice of Scrooge McDuck for Disney XD's \"\"DuckTales\"\" reboot, replacing the character's longtime voice actor Alan Young, who died in May 2016. Tennant was named \"\"Coolest Man on TV\"\" of 2007 in a Radio Times survey. He won the National Television Awards award for Most Popular Actor in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5506042",
"chunk_text": "\"Alan Young\"\nChristian Science Church. During the 1970s, Young became active in voice acting. After 1974, he voiced Scrooge McDuck in numerous Disney films and in the popular series \"\"DuckTales\"\" (1987-1990). In \"\"Mickey's Christmas Carol\"\", he portrayed the character's miserly namesake. He also played Scrooge in video games such as the \"\"Kingdom Hearts\"\" series, \"\"\"\" in 2013, and the \"\"Mickey Mouse\"\" cartoon \"\"Goofy's First Love\"\" released in 2015. Apart from Scrooge McDuck, his other prominent roles were Farmer Smurf on \"\"The Smurfs\"\", Haggis McHaggis on \"\"The Ren & Stimpy Show\"\", 7-Zark-7, Keyop in \"\"Battle of the Planets\"\", and Hiram Flaversham in \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1089724",
"chunk_text": "\"Scrooge McDuck\"\nScrooge McDuck Scrooge McDuck is a fictional character created in 1947 by Carl Barks as a work-for-hire for The Walt Disney Company. Scrooge is an elderly Scottish anthropomorphic Pekin duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs, and feet. He typically wears a red or blue frock coat, top hat, pince-nez glasses, and spats. He is portrayed in animations as speaking with a Scottish accent. Named after Ebenezer Scrooge from the 1843 novel \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\", Scrooge is an incredibly wealthy business magnate and self-proclaimed \"\"adventure-capitalist\"\" whose dominant character trait is his thrift. He is brother to Matilda McDuck and Hortense McDuck,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8080104",
"chunk_text": "\"DuckTales (2017 TV series)\"\nseason on March 2, 2017. The second season premiered on October 20, 2018, and included a Christmas episode under the title \"\"Last Christmas!\"\". On September 21, 2018, \"\"DuckTales\"\" was renewed for a third season. After not speaking to each other for ten years, Scrooge McDuck is reunited with his nephew Donald Duck after he asks Scrooge to babysit his three nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie for the day. The presence of the newcomers rekindles Scrooge's sense of adventure, leading the group to go on many new treasure-hunting expeditions. The nephews and their new friend Webby seek the truth behind their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8080113",
"chunk_text": "\"DuckTales (2017 TV series)\"\ndenying the heart and adventurous spirit it gets from the original series.\"\" Disney comics creator Don Rosa, primarily known for his Uncle Scrooge comic sub-series \"\"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\"\", has expressed his dislike of the \"\"DuckTales\"\" reboot series, claiming that it bears \"\"virtually no resemblance whatsoever\"\" to Barks' original comics. An ongoing comic series based on the show is being published by IDW Publishing, with Joe Caramagna, Joey Cavalieri and Steve Behling sharing writing duties, and Luca Usai, Gianfranco Florio and others providing the art. \"\"Ducktales\"\" #0 was released on July 19, 2017, and #1 of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11307876",
"chunk_text": "\"Duck Duck Goose (film)\"\nfor a worldwide total of $15,299,974. It was originally intended to be theatrically released in the United States by Open Road Films on April 20, 2018 before being removed from the release schedule, and ultimately ending up as a Netflix original film, with a projected release of July 20. Duck Duck Goose (film) Duck Duck Goose is a 2018 computer-animated comedy film directed by Chris Jenkins and starring the voices of Jim Gaffigan, Zendaya and Carl Reiner. An international co-production between the United States and China, the film was released in China in March 2018 with an intended North American",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5622487",
"chunk_text": "\"Clan McDuck\"\nis that Scrooge would feel better building his own fortune instead of inheriting one. Fergus appears in the classic \"\"DuckTales\"\" episode \"\"Once Upon a Dime\"\", which explores Scrooge's history; here he is referred to as \"\"McPapa.\"\" Fergus' name and image are also present in the 2017 \"\"DuckTales\"\" series, which draws heavily from the comics. He later appears (voiced by Graham McTavish) in the episode \"\"The Secret(s) of Castle McDuck!\"\", having survived to the present due to Scrooge rebuilding Castle McDuck using magic stones that have granted his parents-and possibly Scrooge himself-immortality. Scrooge and Fergus' relationship is initially tense, with Fergus",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_id": "16495827",
"chunk_text": "\"Sacco van der Made\"\nGuus van der Made, is a TV producer who has worked on \"\"Het zonnetje in huis\"\". His brother, Jan van der Made, was a writer and a member of the NSB. He died in 1981. Sacco van der Made Gerard Johannes \"\"Sacco\"\" van der Made (4 April 1918, Rotterdam – 21 December 1997, Rotterdam) was a Dutch actor and voice actor. He provided the voice of Scrooge McDuck in the Dutch version in the television show \"\"DuckTales\"\". His last big TV role was that of Bert Jansen in the comedy show \"\"Het zonnetje in huis\"\", the Dutch version of \"\"Tom,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "7896172",
"chunk_text": "DuckTales\nthat contained completely different lyrics. The series aired in India on Doordarshan, dubbed in Hindi. The title track was sung in Hindi by Chetan Shasital. The features were dubbed and the episodes has voice cast of Chetan Shasital, Javed Jaffery, Rakshanda Khan and others. In many countries, the theme song was performed by well-known singers (like in Finland, where it was sung by Pave Maijanen, or in Germany, where it was sung by Thomas Anders in English). In Spanish speaking countries of Latin America, the series was called \"\"Pato aventuras\"\" (Duck Adventures). Scrooge McDuck is called \"\"Rico McPato\"\" and the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "7896142",
"chunk_text": "DuckTales\nin \"\"Darkwing Duck\"\". In February 2015, Disney XD announced the revival of the show, with the intention of rebooting the series. The rebooted series premiered on August 12, 2017. When Donald Duck decides to join the US Navy, he enlists his uncle Scrooge McDuck to look after his nephews, Huey, Dewey, and Louie. Although reluctant to do so due to their hyperactivity, along with his continual pursuit of increasing his wealth and maintaining harsh business ethics, he eventually warms to them upon seeing how smart and resourceful they are, and takes them into his manor as well as a number",
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"chunk_id": "20926145",
"chunk_text": "\"J. P. Manoux\"\nnot informing his house guests of the device. J. P. Manoux Jean-Paul Christophe \"\"J. P.\"\" Manoux (born June 8, 1969) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and television personality best known for his work in multiple Disney productions, including S.T.A.N. in \"\"Aaron Stone\"\", Curtis the Caveman and Vice Principal Hackett in \"\"Phil of the Future\"\", and the voice of Kuzco in \"\"The Emperor's New School\"\" (replacing David Spade). He voiced Scrappy Rex in \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\". Manoux was also a contestant on \"\"Jeopardy!\"\", \"\"Family Feud\"\", and \"\"Wheel of Fortune\"\". Jean-Paul Christophe Manoux was born on June 8, 1969, in Fresno, California.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "6322903",
"chunk_text": "\"Ben Schwartz\"\nBolo Trolo\"\" (2016), \"\"Solo Bolo Cuatrolo\"\" (2016), and \"\"Solo Bolo Cincolo\"\" (2017). In nearly each episode he and host Scott Aukerman compete in the Olympic Song Challenge. In 2017, Schwartz began voicing Dewey in the Disney XD revival of \"\"DuckTales\"\". Schwartz has been featured as himself in Netflix's \"\"\"\"’s 2017 animated Christmas special - \"\"Home for the Holidays\"\" - alongside Kelly Clarkson. He is currently the voice of Leonardo in \"\"Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\". In August 2018, Schwartz was announced to voice the titular character in the 2019 film, \"\"Sonic the Hedgehog\"\". Schwartz will also co-star in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "20515736",
"chunk_text": "\"J. P. Manoux\"\nJ. P. Manoux Jean-Paul Christophe \"\"J. P.\"\" Manoux (born June 8, 1969) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian and television personality best known for his work in multiple Disney productions, including S.T.A.N. in \"\"Aaron Stone\"\", Curtis the Caveman and Vice Principal Hackett in \"\"Phil of the Future\"\", and the voice of Kuzco in \"\"The Emperor's New School\"\" (replacing David Spade). He voiced Scrappy Rex in \"\"Scooby-Doo\"\". Manoux was also a contestant on \"\"Jeopardy!\"\", \"\"Family Feud\"\", and \"\"Wheel of Fortune\"\". Jean-Paul Christophe Manoux was born on June 8, 1969, in Fresno, California. He grew up in Santa Barbara, California, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_text": "\"Duck Duck Goose (film)\"\nDuck Duck Goose (film) Duck Duck Goose is a 2018 computer-animated comedy film directed by Chris Jenkins and starring the voices of Jim Gaffigan, Zendaya and Carl Reiner. An international co-production between the United States and China, the film was released in China in March 2018 with an intended North American theatrical release date of April 2018; it was quietly pulled from the schedule and was made available on Netflix on July 20, 2018. Peng is a carefree goose whose flock is migrating in China. His attitude and demeanor is disapproved by leader Bing, who he and his flock abandon",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "5426399",
"chunk_text": "\"John Gemberling\"\nfor Comedy Central's \"\"The President Show\"\", where he also has a recurring role as Steve Bannon. Gemberling also has a recurring role as Bevers on the Comedy Central series \"\"Broad City\"\". Gemberling portrayed John Belushi in the Netflix film \"\"A Futile and Stupid Gesture\"\", a biopic of \"\"National Lampoon\"\" co-founder Douglas Kenney. In 2018, he voiced Doofus Drake in \"\"Ducktales\"\". He also voiced Tyler the Hormone Monster in season 2 of the Netflix series \"\"Big Mouth\"\". Gemberling is married to comedic actress Andrea Rosen and they have two sons. John Gemberling John Gemberling (born February 1, 1981) is an American",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12781835",
"chunk_text": "\"Gheorghe Dinică\"\nFrench actor Alain Delon, Dinică refused to act in movies produced in the United States. Since 2002, Dinică was an honorary member of the society of \"\"I.L.Caragiale National Theatre\"\". He is also an honorary citizen of the city of Bucharest. He was awarded the \"\"\"\"Faithful Service\"\" Order\"\" in the \"\"Grand Officer\"\" class. Dinica died of cardiac arrest at Floreasca Emergency Hospital, Bucharest. For his popularity in Romania, he received an offer from Walt Disney Pictures, and provides the voice of Scrooge McDuck in 1996 for the Romanian version of the series, Duck Tales. Gheorghe Dinică Gheorghe Dinică (; January 1,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "2544632",
"chunk_text": "\"Alan Young\"\nAlan Young Alan Young (born Angus Young; November 19, 1919 – May 19, 2016) was a British–American actor, voice actor, comedian and radio and television host/personality who \"\"TV Guide\"\" called \"\"the Charlie Chaplin of television\"\". He was best known for his role as gentle Wilbur Post in the television comedy series, \"\"Mister Ed\"\" (1961–1966). Young was also the voice of Disney's Scrooge McDuck for over thirty years, first in the Academy Award-nominated short film \"\"Mickey's Christmas Carol\"\" (1983) and in various other films, TV series and video games until his death. During the 1940s and 1950s, he starred in his",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "DuckTales\nDuckTales DuckTales is an American animated television series, produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and distributed by Buena Vista Television. The cartoon series premiered on September 18, 1987, and ran for a total of 100 episodes over four seasons, with its final episode airing on November 28, 1990. Based upon \"\"Uncle Scrooge\"\" and other Duck universe comic books created by Carl Barks, the show follows Scrooge McDuck, his three grandnephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie, and close friends of the group, on various adventures, most of which either involve seeking out treasure or thwarting the efforts of villains seeking to steal",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Scrooge McDuck\"\nhe was voiced by Will Ryan). Scrooge's biggest role outside comics would come in the 1987 animated series \"\"DuckTales\"\", a series loosely based on Carl Barks's comics, and where Alan Young returned to voice his character. In this series, premiered over two-hours on September 18, 1987, while the regular episodes began three days later, Scrooge becomes the legal guardian of Huey, Dewey and Louie when Donald joins the United States Navy. Scrooge's \"\"DuckTales\"\" persona is considerably mellow compared to most previous appearances; his aggression is played down and his often duplicitous personality is reduced in many episodes to that of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18231650",
"chunk_text": "\"Francesco Prando\"\n\"\"The Simpsons\"\" since Season 4, replacing Pino Insegno. He also performed the Italian voices of Prince Charming in the \"\"Shrek\"\" films, Phineas T. Ratchet in \"\"Robots\"\", Li Shang in \"\"Mulan\"\" and more. Francesco Prando Francesco Prando (born February 22, 1960) is an Italian actor and voice actor. Prando was born in Rome to actors Marcello Prando and Luciana Durante. His maternal grandparents were actors Checco and Anita Durante. As a voice actor, Prando is renowned for dubbing over the voices of Luke Perry, Vince Vaughn, Matthew McConaughey, Keanu Reeves, Daniel Craig, Paul Rudd, Guy Pearce and many more. Some of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9339032",
"chunk_text": "\"Tony Anselmo\"\nTony Anselmo Tony Anselmo (born February 18, 1960) is an American voice actor and animator. Since 1985, he has been the official character voice of Donald Duck. Anselmo was born on February 18, 1960 in Salt Lake City, Utah. His grandfather had emigrated there from Italy in the 1920s to work in the Bingham Canyon Mine. Anselmo formed an early fascination with all things Disney sparked by a screening of Mary Poppins at the age of four. Anselmo says, “I remember leaving the theater and asking, ‘How did they do this? Who did that?’ and so on…So a seed was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "9830042",
"chunk_text": "\"Santiago Ziesmer\"\nsame name. He is also the official German dub voice of Steve Buscemi, the dubover voice of Ted Schmidt in \"\"Queer as Folk\"\", and the dubover voice of the Chris Rock character Pookie in the film \"\"New Jack City\"\". He is the German voices of Wakko Warner from Animaniacs and Dale Gribble from King of the Hill. He has supplied his voice to a number of Disney productions, including the German dub of \"\"DuckTales\"\" as Dewey and the \"\"Winnie-the-Pooh\"\" series as Piglet, and Beauty and the Beast as LeFou. Ziesmer played a dual role in the popular \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" franchise",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "20952023",
"chunk_text": "\"Duck family (Disney)\"\nfounder of The Junior Woodchucks, inspired by the book given to him by his father. In \"\"The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\"\" it is revealed that he is the father of Grandma Duck. In Don Rosa's Duck Family Tree, Clinton is married to Gertrude Gadwall and their two children are Grandma Duck (Elvira Coot) and Casey Coot. He is named after Bill Clinton, who was running for President of the United States when Don Rosa created the character. In his first animated appearance in the \"\"Legend of the Three Caballeros\"\" 2018 TV show, he is voiced by Thomas Lennon.",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "8820723",
"chunk_text": "\"Scrooge McDuck\"\nnephew Donald and his niece Della Duck, but a tragic event ten years prior to the start of the series resulted in Scrooge and Donald going their separate ways. He seems to have a rather pessimistic attitude about family as a result, and is initially reluctant in spending time with the boys until they assist him in a couple of adventures. Scrooge McDuck Scrooge McDuck is a fictional character created in 1947 by Carl Barks as a work-for-hire for The Walt Disney Company. Scrooge is an elderly Scottish anthropomorphic Pekin duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs, and feet. He typically",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "8080103",
"chunk_text": "\"DuckTales (2017 TV series)\"\nDuckTales (2017 TV series) DuckTales is an American comedy-adventure animated television series developed by Matt Youngberg and Francisco Angones originally for Disney XD, and then later for Disney Channel. Produced by Disney Television Animation, the series is a reboot of the original 1987 series of the same name. \"\"DuckTales\"\" was officially announced in February 2015 and premiered on August 12, 2017 with a 44-minute special titled \"\"Woo-oo!\"\". The first season, which resumed on September 23, 2017, consisted of 21 further twenty-two minute episodes and a 44-minute season finale special. Before the series was released, it was renewed for a second",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "15253369",
"chunk_text": "\"Billy West\"\nBilly West William Richard Werstine (born April 16, 1952), known professionally as Billy West, is an American voice actor, singer, musician, and songwriter who is known for his voice-over work in a number of television series, films, video games and commercials. He has done hundreds of voice-overs in his career such as Ren (season 3 to season 5) and Stimpy on \"\"The Ren & Stimpy Show\"\"; Doug Funnie and Roger Klotz on \"\"Doug\"\"; and Philip J. Fry, Professor Farnsworth, Dr. Zoidberg, Zapp Brannigan and a number of others on \"\"Futurama\"\". He does voices for commercials and is the current voice",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "8080114",
"chunk_text": "\"DuckTales (2017 TV series)\"\nmonthly series followed on September 27. In 2018, Disney Press published \"\"DuckTales: Solving Mysteries and Rewriting History!\"\", a companion book covering the majority of season one, as seen from the perspective of Scrooge, Huey, Dewey, Louie, and Webby. It is written by Rob Renzetti and one of the shows writers, Rachel Vine. DuckTales (2017 TV series) DuckTales is an American comedy-adventure animated television series developed by Matt Youngberg and Francisco Angones originally for Disney XD, and then later for Disney Channel. Produced by Disney Television Animation, the series is a reboot of the original 1987 series of the same name.",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "10404857",
"chunk_text": "\"Giorgio Lopez\"\nMarx, John Hurt, Ian Holm and Bob Hoskins. His character roles include Garrick Ollivander in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" films, Geoffrey Butler in \"\"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\"\", King Harold in the \"\"Shrek\"\" movies, Mr. Miyagi in \"\"The Karate Kid\"\" and since 1996, he has been the official voice of Scrooge McDuck, replacing Gigi Angelillo. Lopez has served as a dubbing director for a majority of Italian dubbed animated films and cartoons. Lopez is the father of voice actors Gabriele and Andrea Lopez. He is also the older brother of voice actor and \"\"Trio\"\" member Massimo Lopez. Giorgio Lopez Giorgio Lopez",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
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"chunk_id": "8261641",
"chunk_text": "\"Gilbert Gottfried\"\nMarch 14, 2011, and announced a casting call for his replacement as the voice of the duck. He was replaced by Daniel McKeague (who did an impression of Gottfried) on April 26, 2011. Gilbert Gottfried Gilbert Jeremy Gottfried (born February 28, 1955) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and voice actor. Gottfried's persona as a comedian features an exaggerated shrill voice and emphasis on crude humor. His numerous roles in film and television include voicing the parrot Iago in Disney's \"\"Aladdin\"\", Digit in the children's cartoon/educational math-based show \"\"Cyberchase\"\", and Kraang Subprime in \"\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\". Gottfried was also",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "1089730",
"chunk_text": "\"Scrooge McDuck\"\ninto other languages. Comics have remained Scrooge's primary medium, although he has also appeared in animated cartoons, most extensively in the television series \"\"DuckTales\"\" (1987–1990) and its reboot as the main protagonist of both series. Scrooge McDuck, maternal uncle of previously established character Donald Duck, made his first named appearance in the story \"\"Christmas on Bear Mountain\"\" which was published in Dell's Four Color Comics #178, December 1947, written and drawn by artist Carl Barks. His appearance may have been based on a similar-looking, Scottish \"\"thrifty saver\"\" Donald Duck character from the 1943 propaganda short \"\"The Spirit of '43\"\". In",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "7031234",
"chunk_text": "\"Chip Zien\"\ncritically acclaimed film \"\"United 93\"\" as Mark Rothenberg. He played Dr. Marsh in the vampire comedy film \"\"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Undead\"\". He provided the voice of the title character in Marvel Comics' \"\"Howard the Duck\"\". Chip Zien Jerome Herbert \"\"Chip\"\" Zien (born March 20, 1947) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the lead role of the Baker in the original Broadway production of \"\"Into the Woods\"\" by Stephen Sondheim. He has appeared in all of the \"\"Marvin Stories\"\" musicals by William Finn: \"\"In Trousers\"\", \"\"March of the Falsettos\"\", \"\"Falsettoland\"\" and \"\"Falsettos\"\". He played the role",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10195739",
"chunk_text": "DuckTales\nseeks to replace Scrooge as the \"\"Richest duck in the world\"\"; the Beagle Boys, who seek to rob Scrooge of his fortune and often target his money bin; and Magica De Spell, who seeks to steal his Number One Dime. A few changes were made to these villains – unlike the comics, Flintheart is of Scottish descent and wears a couple of pieces of Scottish attire, including a kilt; Magica, who is Italian in the comics, has an Eastern European accent, as well as a brother named Poe, who was transformed into a raven; the Beagle Boys have individual personalities",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "DuckTales\nfirst democratically elected Prime Minister of Hungary, was announced during a \"\"DuckTales\"\" episode in 1993. This was the generation's first encounter with politics. In Romania, the series was called \"\"Povești cu Mac-Mac\"\" (\"\"Stories with Mac-Mac\"\"). Only the episodes 1-65 were dubbed and aired. Scrooge McDuck was dubbed by a well-known actor, Gheorghe Dinică, until his death (only 5 episodes remained after his death). After Gheorghe Dinică's death, Valentin Uritescu dubbed Scrooge (episodes 50, 57, 60, 64, 65). Also, Angela Filipescu provided the voices of Huey, Dewey and Louie, Tamara Buciuceanu-Botez provides the voice of Ms. Beakley, Mihaela Mitrache was Webbigail",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
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"chunk_id": "4792653",
"chunk_text": "\"Russi Taylor\"\nRussi Taylor Russell \"\"Russi\"\" Taylor (born May 4, 1944) is an American voice actress. She has been the voice actress of Disney's Minnie Mouse character since 1986. Taylor was born on May 4, 1944. She has voiced Huey, Dewey and Louie and Webby Vanderquack in the television series \"\"DuckTales\"\", the video game \"\"\"\" and in other appearances such as in the holiday movies \"\"Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas\"\" and \"\"Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas\"\". In appearances where the three young ducks appear at an older age, such as in \"\"Mickey Mouse Works\"\" and \"\"Disney's House of Mouse\"\", Tony Anselmo, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10981362",
"chunk_text": "\"Magica De Spell\"\n2017 reboot, Magica speaks with an English accent as she is voiced by Catherine Tate, former \"\"Doctor Who\"\" costar to David Tennant (who voices Scrooge McDuck in the new series). In the reboot storyline, Magica apparently has a history with Clan McDuck and a vendetta against Scrooge after he sealed her physical body within Scrooge's Number One Dime as the result of their climactic battle atop Mount Vesuvius fifteen years prior to the start of the series. Throughout the first season, manifesting as a shadowy specter, Magica has her niece Lena LeStrange, revealed to be a familiar she created, gain",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20655729",
"chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Potts\"\nJonathan Potts Jonathan Potts (born July 17, 1961) is a Canadian actor and voice actor whose career began in the late 1980s. His earliest work was as the voice of Troy Jeffries in the animated television series \"\"Beverly Hills Teens\"\". He is best known for providing the voice of Link from \"\"The Legend of Zelda\"\" animated series, and in the cartoon \"\"\"\". He also lent his voice to the character Delbert in the \"\"Swamp Thing\"\" animated series. His other voice work includes \"\"The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3\"\", \"\"Rusty Rivets\"\" (as Officer Carl), \"\"Arthur\"\" (as Rufus Compson), \"\"Hello Kitty",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "45342",
"chunk_text": "\"Brock Pierce\"\nthe Mastercoin Foundation. He was also a member investor of Bit Angels and an investor in BTC China. Pierce has been a guest speaker at the Milken Global Conference Singularity University, and Caltech. Brock Pierce Brock Pierce (born November 14, 1980) is an American entrepreneur known for his work in the cryptocurrency industry. As a child actor, he was in Disney films \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\" (1992), \"\"\"\" (1994) and \"\"First Kid\"\" (1996). Pierce was born in Minnesota, and appeared in commercials as a toddler. His first major role was playing a young Gordon Bombay in \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\" (1992). Pierce",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8530139",
"chunk_text": "\"Robbie Rist\"\nRobbie Rist Robert Anthony \"\"Robbie\"\" Rist (born April 4, 1964) is an American actor, voice actor, singer, and musician. He is known for playing Cousin Oliver in \"\"The Brady Bunch\"\" and Martin in \"\"Grady\"\", and also for voicing assorted characters in television shows, games and movies, including Stuffy, the overly-proud stuffed dragon in \"\"Doc McStuffins\"\"; Whiz in \"\"Kidd Video\"\"; Star in \"\"Balto\"\"; Maroda in \"\"Final Fantasy X\"\"; Chōji Akimichi in \"\"Naruto\"\"; and Michelangelo in the 1990 film \"\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\". Additionally, he and director Anthony C. Ferrante provided music for the \"\"Sharknado\"\" film and the theme song for the",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "12205250",
"chunk_text": "\"Parker Goris\"\nShow and others. Parker Goris Parker Goris (born January 16, 1995) is an American actor who is the voice of Flounder in Walt Disney's direct-to-video animated film \"\"\"\" and the \"\"Kingdom Hearts\"\" series. He has also made guest appearances in TV shows like \"\"Monk\"\" and \"\"Summerland\"\" as well as having a recurring role as Garret in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". He has played the son of Bill Engvall in the feature film, Delta Farce, as well as the son of the Emmy award-winning star Kristen Johnston in \"\"The New Adventures of Old Christine\"\". Other credits include co-star roles in , Zoey 101",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "9992868",
"chunk_text": "\"Dave Goelz\"\nin Grouchland\"\" as Humongous Chicken. His most recent credits include \"\"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\"\" and the first few installments of the online series \"\"\"\". In 2011 and 2014, he reprised his performance as Gonzo, Dr. Bunsen Honeydew, Zoot, Waldorf, Beauregard and other signature roles in \"\"The Muppets\"\" and \"\"Muppets Most Wanted\"\". In 2015, Goelz voiced Subconscious Guard Frank in the Disney·Pixar film \"\"Inside Out\"\". Dave Goelz David Charles Goelz (born July 16, 1946) is an American puppeteer and puppet builder, known for his work with the Muppets. As part of the Muppets' performing cast, Goelz performs The Great Gonzo,",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "11275876",
"chunk_text": "\"Charlie Day\"\nCharlie Day Charles Peckham Day (born February 9, 1976) is an American actor, screenwriter, producer, comedian, and musician. He is best known for playing Charlie Kelly on \"\"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\"\". In film, he is known for his role as Dale in the films \"\"Horrible Bosses\"\" (2011) and its 2014 sequel, as well as for his roles in \"\"Monsters University\"\" (2013), \"\"Pacific Rim\"\" (2013), \"\"The Lego Movie\"\" (2014), \"\"Fist Fight\"\" (2017), and \"\"Pacific Rim Uprising\"\" (2018). Since 2018, Day is the executive producer on the Fox comedy \"\"The Cool Kids\"\". Day was born in New York City. His mother,",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "18274585",
"chunk_text": "\"Raviv Ullman\"\nRaviv Ullman Raviv Ullman (; born January 24, 1986), is an Israeli-American actor and musician. He is best known for playing Phil Diffy, the main character in the Disney Channel series \"\"Phil of the Future\"\". The actor was credited as Ricky Ullman from 1997 until 2006. Ullman was born in Eilat, Israel, to American parents Laura (née Ehrenkranz), a teacher, and Brian Ullman, a printer. He has a younger sister and younger brother named Tali and Nadav, respectively. After his first birthday, his family left their kibbutz in Israel for Norwalk, Connecticut, United States, and then to Fairfield, Connecticut the",
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"page_id": 48
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"chunk_id": "5320093",
"chunk_text": "\"Bill Farmer\"\nBill Farmer William Farmer (born November 14, 1952) is an American voice actor and comedian. He has performed the voice of the Disney character Goofy since 1987, and is also the current voice of Pluto and Horace Horsecollar. Farmer was born on November 14, 1952 in Pratt, Kansas, as the second child in his family. His parents were of English and Welsh descent. Farmer's first job, at the age of 15, involved doing voices, especially those of Western stars like John Wayne or Walter Brennan. He and his friends would sometimes go through fast food drive-thrus and order foods in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_941
|
who wrote i'm in the mood for dancing?
|
n/a
|
[
"Ben Findon",
"Mike Myers",
"Bob Puzey"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16035616",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\"\nI'm In the Mood for Dancing \"\"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\"\" is a single by the Irish pop group, The Nolan Sisters. Originally released in November 1979, the song became a top three hit in the UK in February 1980. A blend of pop and disco, it has since become synonymous with the group and remains their biggest hit. It was also a hit in many countries around the world such as New Zealand and Japan, where it was a number one hit. The song was originally recorded as part of the Nolan Sisters' first mainstream pop album, simply",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16035617",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\"\ntitled \"\"Nolan Sisters\"\" in 1979. It was written by Ben Findon, Mike Myers and Bob Puzey, and featured lead vocals by group member Bernie Nolan. The group recorded a promotional video for the song, which featured youngest sister Coleen, even though she was not an official member of the group at the time and was not featured on the recording. Soon after the release of this song, the group changed their name to The Nolans and Coleen became a full-time member, replacing eldest sister Anne. The song became the second single from the album, following the group's first UK top",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11219179",
"chunk_text": "\"The Nolans\"\nthat country. Dash indicates did not chart in that country. <small>Notes: The Nolans The Nolans are an Irish/British girl group who formed in 1974 as The Nolan Sisters, before changing their name in 1980. They are best known for their hit single \"\"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\"\". Released in December 1979, the song reached number three in the UK in February 1980 and topped the Japanese charts in November 1980. Five of the sisters, Anne, Denise, Maureen, Linda, and Bernie, became regular guest performers on numerous television shows in the UK in the 1970s and supported Frank Sinatra on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7665619",
"chunk_text": "\"The Nolans\"\nThe Nolans The Nolans are an Irish/British girl group who formed in 1974 as The Nolan Sisters, before changing their name in 1980. They are best known for their hit single \"\"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\"\". Released in December 1979, the song reached number three in the UK in February 1980 and topped the Japanese charts in November 1980. Five of the sisters, Anne, Denise, Maureen, Linda, and Bernie, became regular guest performers on numerous television shows in the UK in the 1970s and supported Frank Sinatra on his 1975 European tour. Denise left for a solo career in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13895552",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm in the Mood for Love\"\nI'm in the Mood for Love \"\"I'm in the Mood for Love\"\" is a popular song published in 1935. The music was written by Jimmy McHugh, the lyrics by Dorothy Fields. The song was introduced by Frances Langford in the movie \"\"Every Night at Eight\"\" released that year. It became Langford's signature song. Bob Hope, who frequently worked with Langford entertaining troops in World War II, later wrote that her performance of the song was often a show-stopper. Popular recordings in 1935 were by Frances Langford; Little Jack Little; Louis Armstrong; and Leo Reisman & His Orchestra (vocal by Frank",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15016302",
"chunk_text": "\"Diamond Lights\"\nRent a Car, at an annual company awards ceremony. Hoddle and Waddle attempted an impromptu karaoke performance which was praised by a friend with connections in the music industry who was able to introduce the duo to Bob Puzey. Puzey, whose writing credits included \"\"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\"\" by The Nolan Sisters and \"\"Wanted\"\" by The Dooleys, auditioned the pair and agreed to write and co-produce a single for them. The \"\"diamond lights\"\" of the title refer to the songwriter's wife's eyes. Written by Bob Puzey and co-produced by Puzey and Terry Hobart, \"\"Diamond Lights\"\" debuted in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14187483",
"chunk_text": "\"Nolan Sisters (album)\"\nNolan Sisters (album) Nolan Sisters is the self-titled 1979 album by the Irish sibling pop group The Nolan Sisters. It was their first album to be released on Epic Records, and contained a mixture of original material (composed for the group by Ben Findon, Mike Myers, and Robert Puzey) and covers of popular songs. The singles \"\"Spirit Body and Soul\"\" and \"\"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\"\" were released from the album, the latter becoming the group's best-known song, peaking at No.3 in the UK, while the former was also a top 40 hit. The release of that single also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16035618",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\"\n40 hit, \"\"Spirit, Body and Soul\"\" some weeks earlier. After a slow start in the charts, the single became their first top 10 hit in January 1980, eventually peaking at number 3 during a 15-week chart run. The single was certified Gold by the BPI. \"\"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\"\" charted well elsewhere, particularly so in Japan, where it reached number 1 - a rarity for English-language songs at the time, and began a run of success for the group there. Released as 「ダンシング・シスター」 (literal romanisation: \"\"Dancing Sister(s)\"\"), it remained at no. 1 for two weeks and sold 670,000",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18031225",
"chunk_text": "\"Bernie Nolan\"\nheavy drinker who died of liver cancer at the age of 73 in 1998, and Maureen Nolan, who died at the age of 81 of Alzheimer's disease in 2007. The Nolan family moved from Dublin to Blackpool in 1962 and began performing as the Singing Nolans. In 1974, the sisters formed the Nolan Sisters, later shortened to the Nolans, and made their TV debut that year on Cliff Richard's show, \"\"It's Cliff Richard\"\". In 1975, they supported Frank Sinatra on his European tour. In 1979, they released their biggest hit \"\"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\"\", which reached number three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19910280",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm in the Mood\"\nI'm in the Mood \"\"I'm in the Mood\"\" is a 1993 song by the musician CeCe Peniston, released as the first commercial single taken from \"\"Thought 'Ya Knew\"\", the singer's second studio album. The composition scored singer her fourth number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart, and also entered the Top 10 of the US R&B chart, peaking at number 7. On the Hot 100 the song peaked at number 32 and made number 16 on the UK Top 75. In a 2011 interview for \"\"Boy Culture\"\", TypePad's bloging service, Peniston disclosed that she had actually expected",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16461265",
"chunk_text": "\"In the Mood\"\nIn the Mood \"\"In the Mood\"\" is a popular big band-era No. 1 hit recorded by American bandleader Glenn Miller. It topped the charts for 13 straight weeks in 1940 in the U.S. and one year later was featured in the movie \"\"Sun Valley Serenade\"\". \"\"In the Mood\"\" is based on the composition \"\"Tar Paper Stomp\"\" by Wingy Manone. The first recording under the name \"\"In the Mood\"\" was released by Edgar Hayes & His Orchestra in 1938. In 1983, the Glenn Miller recording from 1939 was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, the recording was inducted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "815087",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm in the Mood for Love\"\nLuther). The song was in the 1936 \"\"Our Gang\"\" (\"\"Little Rascals\"\") short, \"\"The Pinch Singer\"\", when it was performed by Darla Hood and Carl \"\"Alfalfa\"\" Switzer (on separate occasions). Switzer also performed the song in the 1936 film \"\"Palm Springs\"\". I'm in the Mood for Love \"\"I'm in the Mood for Love\"\" is a popular song published in 1935. The music was written by Jimmy McHugh, the lyrics by Dorothy Fields. The song was introduced by Frances Langford in the movie \"\"Every Night at Eight\"\" released that year. It became Langford's signature song. Bob Hope, who frequently worked with Langford",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5173065",
"chunk_text": "\"Moody's Mood for Love\"\nMoody's Mood for Love \"\"Moody's Mood for Love\"\" is a 1952 song by Eddie Jefferson, whose melody is derived from an improvised solo by jazz saxophonist James Moody on a 1949 recording of the 1935 song \"\"I'm in the Mood for Love\"\". It gained widespread popularity after being recorded in 1954 by singer King Pleasure. It has since been covered by many artists. Moody himself adopted the song as his own, recording it with Jefferson on the 1956 album \"\"Moody's Mood for Love\"\" and often singing the song himself in concert. James Moody created his improvised solo in 1949 on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19910281",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm in the Mood\"\na better reception of the single. A special extended remix of \"\"Keep On Walkin'\"\", one of the Peniston's previous singles, appeared on the B-side. I'm in the Mood \"\"I'm in the Mood\"\" is a 1993 song by the musician CeCe Peniston, released as the first commercial single taken from \"\"Thought 'Ya Knew\"\", the singer's second studio album. The composition scored singer her fourth number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart, and also entered the Top 10 of the US R&B chart, peaking at number 7. On the Hot 100 the song peaked at number 32 and made",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16035619",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\"\ncopies. Eventually, the group recorded a version of the song in Japanese. The group have re-recorded \"\"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\"\" a number of times, with two further single releases of the song in the UK. Firstly in 1989 and again in 1995 - both times reaching the lower regions of the charts. In 2009, The Nolans reunited and embarked on a UK and Ireland tour in honour of the 30th anniversary of \"\"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\"\", with the tour and accompanying album titled \"\"I'm in the Mood Again\"\". 1979 single 1989 single 1995 single I'm In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8013467",
"chunk_text": "\"Joe Garland\"\nJoe Garland Joseph Copeland \"\"Joe\"\" Garland (August 15, 1903, Norfolk, Virginia – April 21, 1977, Teaneck, New Jersey) was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, and arranger, best known for writing \"\"In the Mood\"\". Garland studied music at Shaw University and the Aeolian Conservatory. He started by playing classical music but joined a jazz band, Graham Jackson's Seminole Syncopators, in 1924, where he first recorded. He had a long run of associations as a sideman on saxophone and clarinet, with Elmer Snowden (1925), Joe Steele, Henri Saparo, Leon Abbey (including a tour of South America), Charlie Skeete and Jelly Roll Morton",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16461276",
"chunk_text": "\"In the Mood\"\nof the \"\"Billboard\"\" popular hit parade and number 7 by means of both the Rhythm and Blues and the \"\"Cash Box\"\" hit parades. In the winter of 1977, a novelty version by the Henhouse Five Plus Too employing the sounds of clucking chickens entered the U.S. Pop Top 40: (\"\"Billboard\"\" No. 40, \"\"Cash Box\"\" #37). John Lee Hooker said that \"\"In the Mood\"\" was the inspiration for his song \"\"I'm in the Mood\"\" which became a No. 1 hit on the R&B Singles chart. In the Mood \"\"In the Mood\"\" is a popular big band-era No. 1 hit recorded by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14187485",
"chunk_text": "\"Nolan Sisters (album)\"\n1979 Eurovision Song Contest. Released by Cherry Red Records, it was packaged with the follow-up album, \"\"Making Waves\"\". Side One Side Two Bonus track (2009 re-issue) Nolan Sisters (album) Nolan Sisters is the self-titled 1979 album by the Irish sibling pop group The Nolan Sisters. It was their first album to be released on Epic Records, and contained a mixture of original material (composed for the group by Ben Findon, Mike Myers, and Robert Puzey) and covers of popular songs. The singles \"\"Spirit Body and Soul\"\" and \"\"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\"\" were released from the album, the latter",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5173066",
"chunk_text": "\"Moody's Mood for Love\"\na visit to Sweden. Moody’s version clearly shows the influence of Charlie Parker. In 1952, jazz singer Eddie Jefferson wrote lyrics to this improvisation by Moody, a practice known as vocalese. This particular arrangement of the song did not come to be known by its now common title of \"\"Moody's Mood for Love\"\" until King Pleasure released a very popular vocal version in 1954. Following King Pleasure's successful hit version of \"\"Moody's Mood for Love\"\", Jimmy McHugh, who wrote the music for \"\"I'm in the Mood for Love\"\", sued for copyright infringement and won a partial victory in court. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20706446",
"chunk_text": "\"Jimmy McHugh\"\n\"\"I Feel a Song Comin' On\"\" and \"\"I'm in the Mood for Love\"\" from 1935's \"\"Every Night at Eight\"\". In the artistically fruitful years after they first collaborated in 1930, McHugh and Fields wrote over 30 songs for the film world. Fields and McHugh finally parted company in 1935. McHugh's longest songwriting partner was Harold Adamson. Adamson provided lyrics to McHugh's compositions. Such hits as \"\"Comin' in on a Wing and a Prayer\"\" found its way into \"\"Bartlett's Familiar Quotations\"\". For the 1948 film \"\"A Date with Judy\"\", he composed \"\"It's a Most Unusual Day\"\" for Jane Powell. It became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11789550",
"chunk_text": "\"You Make Me Feel Like Dancing\"\nYou Make Me Feel Like Dancing \"\"You Make Me Feel Like Dancing\"\" is a song by the British singer Leo Sayer, taken from his 1976 album \"\"Endless Flight\"\". The song reached number one on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, making it his first number-one single in the United States, and reached number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked it as the No. 13 song of 1977. Songwriters Sayer and Vini Poncia won a Grammy Award for the song in 1978 in the category Best R&B Song. In Australia, a live performance from the TV show \"\"Countdown\"\" is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2799564",
"chunk_text": "\"Tony Romeo\"\nTony Romeo Tony Romeo (December 25, 1938 – June 23, 1995) was an American songwriter. He is famous for writing the No.1 hit \"\"I Think I Love You\"\" by The Partridge Family as well as many other hit records, mostly during the 1960s and 1970s. Other hits written by Romeo include \"\"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\"\" by both Diana Trask and Brotherhood of Man; \"\"Walking in the Sand,\"\" sung by Al Martino, which reached #9 on the Adult Contemporary charts in 1970; \"\"Indian Lake\"\" for The Cowsills; and \"\"I'm Gonna Make You Mine\"\" by Lou Christie. He wrote songs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11241479",
"chunk_text": "\"In the Mood (Ricki-Lee Coulter song)\"\nIn the Mood (Ricki-Lee Coulter song) \"\"In the Mood\"\" is a song recorded by Australian singer and songwriter Ricki-Lee Coulter for her fourth studio album \"\"Dance in the Rain\"\". It was written by Coulter, Stuart Crichton and Brian Lee. Following the album's iTunes pre-order release, \"\"In the Mood\"\" debuted at number 97 on the ARIA Singles Chart. \"\"In the Mood\"\" was written by Ricki-Lee Coulter, Stuart Crichton and Brian Lee. During the summer of 2013, Coulter rented a house in Whale Beach, New South Wales and invited Crichton and Lee over to write songs with her. Together they \"\"setup a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5173071",
"chunk_text": "\"Moody's Mood for Love\"\n\"\"A Prince Among Thieves\"\" (1999). In 2016, Australian singer/songwriter Grace interpolated the song in \"\"Boys Boys Boys,\"\" from her album \"\"FMA\"\". Moody's Mood for Love \"\"Moody's Mood for Love\"\" is a 1952 song by Eddie Jefferson, whose melody is derived from an improvised solo by jazz saxophonist James Moody on a 1949 recording of the 1935 song \"\"I'm in the Mood for Love\"\". It gained widespread popularity after being recorded in 1954 by singer King Pleasure. It has since been covered by many artists. Moody himself adopted the song as his own, recording it with Jefferson on the 1956 album",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5074236",
"chunk_text": "\"In the Mood for Love\"\n\"\"I'm In the Mood for Love\"\", which shared its title with a popular jazz standard of the mid 20th century. Many of Wong's previous English language titles had come from pop songs, so he found this title particularly appropriate. Three years later, Sofia Coppola credited \"\"In the Mood for Love\"\" as her largest inspiration on her Academy Award-winning film \"\"Lost in Translation\"\", which itself ended with secrets being shared, and made important use of another song by Bryan Ferry. \"\"Lost in Translation\"\"'s iconic opening shot was inspired by a shot from \"\"In the Mood For Love\"\". Coppola thanked Wong Kar-wai",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17448787",
"chunk_text": "\"Barry Blue\"\nBarry Blue Barry Blue (born Barry Ian Green, 4 December 1950) is an English singer, producer, and songwriter. As an artist he is best known for his hit songs \"\"Dancin' (on a Saturday Night)\"\" and \"\"Do You Wanna Dance\"\" (both 1973). Blue has also been a prolific songwriter and producer for many artists and has had over forty worldwide hits including Andrea Bocelli, Diana Ross, Celine Dion, The Saturdays, The Wanted, and Pixie Lott. In film and television, Blue has provided scores and/or themes for productions including \"\"The Eyes of Laura Mars\"\", \"\"Long Good Friday\"\", and \"\"Escape to Athena\"\". At",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15530145",
"chunk_text": "\"In the Mood (Robert Plant song)\"\nchart. \"\"In the Mood\"\" was written by Plant, guitarist Robbie Blunt and bassist Paul Martinez. The drummer on the recording was Genesis' Phil Collins. In the Mood (Robert Plant song) \"\"In the Mood\"\" is a song by English recording artist Robert Plant from his second solo studio album, \"\"The Principle of Moments\"\" (1983). As a popular album track it reached No. 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Top Tracks chart It was later released as a single and entered the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on November 19, 1983, peaking at No. 39 in January 1984. It was Plant's second Top 40 single as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17448793",
"chunk_text": "\"Barry Blue\"\na supporter of the creator's rights in music of all genres and styles, and is dedicating his time to become more pro-active in this pursuit. From 2010, Blue has served on the board of directors of PRS for Music. Blue has provided scores and/or themes for various productions: Barry Blue Barry Blue (born Barry Ian Green, 4 December 1950) is an English singer, producer, and songwriter. As an artist he is best known for his hit songs \"\"Dancin' (on a Saturday Night)\"\" and \"\"Do You Wanna Dance\"\" (both 1973). Blue has also been a prolific songwriter and producer for many",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11978354",
"chunk_text": "\"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\"\nthe streets in an attempt to find him. Tony Romeo who wrote the song is best known for his 1970 hit \"\"I Think I Love You\"\" by The Partridge Family, which became a US No.1. Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In) \"\"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\"\" is a popular song written by Tony Romeo. It has been recorded by Diana Trask and Brotherhood of Man, among others. The song was originally recorded by Australian artist Diana Trask in 1975. Trask had achieved much success on the Country scene in the US throughout the 1960s and 1970s, but it was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1963952",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You\"\nI'm Happy Just to Dance with You \"\"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You\"\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by The Beatles for the film soundtrack to \"\"A Hard Day's Night\"\". Lead vocals are by George Harrison, whose performance in the film marked the first mass media depiction of Harrison singing lead. It was written specifically for George Harrison to sing at a time when he lacked the confidence to compose his own material. Years later, McCartney described it as a \"\"formula song\"\", and Lennon said, \"\"I would never have sung it myself.\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11978352",
"chunk_text": "\"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\"\nOh Boy (The Mood I'm In) \"\"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\"\" is a popular song written by Tony Romeo. It has been recorded by Diana Trask and Brotherhood of Man, among others. The song was originally recorded by Australian artist Diana Trask in 1975. Trask had achieved much success on the Country scene in the US throughout the 1960s and 1970s, but it was this song which became her biggest hit and signature song. The song reached number 10 in Australia in 1975. In 1977, the song was recorded by UK pop group Brotherhood of Man. The group had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18271805",
"chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Dance Wit' Choo (Doo Dat Dance)\"\nI Wanna Dance Wit' Choo (Doo Dat Dance) \"\"I Wanna Dance Wit' Choo (Doo Dat Dance)\"\" is a song written by Bob Crewe and Denny Randell and performed by Disco-Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes. In 1975, it reached #3 on the US Disco chart, #6 on the UK Singles Chart, #7 on the US Dance chart, #23 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, #25 in Canada, #33 on the US R&B chart, and #100 in Australia. The song was featured on their 1975 album, \"\"Disco Tex & His Sex-O-Lettes Review\"\". The song was produced by Bob Crewe and arranged by Denny Randell.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18271804",
"chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Dance Wit' Choo (Doo Dat Dance)\"\nI Wanna Dance Wit' Choo (Doo Dat Dance) \"\"I Wanna Dance Wit' Choo (Doo Dat Dance)\"\" is a song written by Bob Crewe and Denny Randell and performed by Disco-Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes. In 1975, it reached #3 on the US Disco chart, #6 on the UK Singles Chart, #7 on the US Dance chart, #23 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, #25 in Canada, #33 on the US R&B chart, and #100 in Australia. The song was featured on their 1975 album, \"\"Disco Tex & His Sex-O-Lettes Review\"\". The song was produced by Bob Crewe and arranged by Denny Randell.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4384827",
"chunk_text": "\"Joe Garland\"\nband, The Fletcher Henderson Orchestra, on March 19, 1931. This song was first performed by bandleaders Charlie Barnet and Artie Shaw, but fell out of favor because Garland's original arrangement was too long to fit on one side of a 78rpm record. Garland then brought \"\"In the Mood\"\" to Glenn Miller, who created a shorter arrangement. Joe Garland Joseph Copeland \"\"Joe\"\" Garland (August 15, 1903, Norfolk, Virginia – April 21, 1977, Teaneck, New Jersey) was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, and arranger, best known for writing \"\"In the Mood\"\". Garland studied music at Shaw University and the Aeolian Conservatory. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10970535",
"chunk_text": "\"Bernie Nolan\"\nBernie Nolan Bernadette Therese \"\"Bernie\"\" Nolan (17 October 1960 – 4 July 2013) was an English-Irish actress, singer and television personality, formerly lead vocalist of the girl group the Nolans. She was the second youngest of sisters Anne, Denise, Maureen, Linda and Coleen Nolan. From the age of two, she was brought up in Blackpool, Lancashire, England. The Nolans began in 1974 and went on to have seven UK Top 20 hits, including \"\"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\"\" (1979), \"\"Gotta Pull Myself Together\"\" (1980) and \"\"Attention to Me\"\" (1981). They won the 1981 Tokyo Music Festival with \"\"Sexy Music\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2683966",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicky Ryan\"\nNicky Ryan Nicholas Dominick Ryan (born 1949) is an Irish music producer, recording engineer, and manager. He is best known as the longtime business and recording partner for the singer, songwriter and musician Enya alongside his wife, poet and lyricist Roma Ryan. Born and raised in Dublin, Ryan gained initial recognition in the 1970s and 1980s for his work with several artists including Gary Moore, Planxty, Christy Moore and Clannad. Nicholas Dominick Ryan was born in 1949 in Dublin, Ireland. As a youngster, he won a song contest with a rendition of \"\"In the Mood\"\" by Glenn Miller for which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4435933",
"chunk_text": "\"King Pleasure\"\nKing Pleasure King Pleasure (March 24, 1922 – March 21, 1982) was a jazz vocalist and an early master of vocalese, where a singer sings words to a famous instrumental solo. Born as Clarence Beeks in Oakdale, Tennessee, he moved to New York City in the mid-1940s working as a bartender and became a fan of bebop music. King Pleasure first achieved popularity by singing the Eddie Jefferson vocalese classic \"\"Moody's Mood For Love\"\", based on a 1949 James Moody saxophone solo to \"\"I'm In The Mood For Love\"\". Pleasure's 1952 recording, his first after signing a contract with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11219170",
"chunk_text": "\"The Nolans\"\nthroughout the 1990s and 2000s in Japan, while several budget-priced compilations of their Epic-era material (sometimes re-recorded) appeared in the UK. Coleen, who had married performer Shane Richie in 1990, and was now a mother of two, quit the group in 1994. In 1995, longstanding lead singer Bernie left to pursue an acting career; Anne and Maureen continued as a two-piece version of The Nolans. A re-recorded version of \"\"I'm In the Mood for Dancing\"\", released on the Living Beat label, reached No. 51 in the UK in 1995. From 2000, the line-up consisted of Maureen and Anne, together with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8360697",
"chunk_text": "\"In the Mood (Robert Plant song)\"\nIn the Mood (Robert Plant song) \"\"In the Mood\"\" is a song by English recording artist Robert Plant from his second solo studio album, \"\"The Principle of Moments\"\" (1983). As a popular album track it reached No. 4 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Top Tracks chart It was later released as a single and entered the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 on November 19, 1983, peaking at No. 39 in January 1984. It was Plant's second Top 40 single as a solo artist, following \"\"Big Log\"\", also from \"\"The Principle of Moments\"\". In the UK the single peaked at No. 81 on the singles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1470569",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Spector\"\nAdult Standards format. That station began mixing in more rock and roll oldies by the early '90s. After a few Radio Greats Weekends at WCBS-FM, Jack Spector returned as a part-time swing announcer there in 1993 while working full-time at WHLI. On March 8, 1994, shortly after starting a recording of Louis Prima's \"\"I'm In The Mood For Love\"\", he suffered an apparent heart attack and collapsed to the floor. Following a long silence after the song had finished, radio station employees ran into the studio and found Spector on the floor. Attempts to revive him failed and he was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13990475",
"chunk_text": "\"Harry Wayne Casey\"\nand the Sunshine Band became prominent in the United States in 1975 with \"\"Get Down Tonight\"\" and \"\"That's the Way (I Like It).\"\" Other Casey-Finch favorites include \"\"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty,\"\" \"\"I'm Your Boogie Man,\"\" \"\"Keep It Comin' Love\"\" and \"\"Please Don't Go.\"\" \"\"Boogie Shoes\"\" appeared on the soundtrack album for \"\"Saturday Night Fever\"\". He also joined Teri DeSario on her hit \"\"Yes, I'm Ready\"\" in 1979. Casey also part-wrote \"\"I Ain't Lyin'\"\" (a UK hit for George McCrae in late 1975). As a result of the soaring popularity of New Wave and Synthpop in the early 1980s,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1399079",
"chunk_text": "\"Take Your Clothes Off When You Dance\"\nTake Your Clothes Off When You Dance \"\"Take Your Clothes Off When You Dance\"\" is a song written by Frank Zappa, with the first officially available version being recorded and released by The Mothers of Invention on their 1968 album \"\"We're Only in It for the Money\"\". The song was originally recorded as an instrumental by Frank Zappa in 1961 at Pal Recording Studio. The first instance of lyrics being written for the melody is on a 1965 demo tape by The Mothers Of Invention on which the song is recorded as \"\"I'm So Happy I Could Cry.\"\" The lyrics",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6632571",
"chunk_text": "\"Swing the Mood\"\nSwing the Mood \"\"Swing the Mood\"\" is a song by Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers from their debut album \"\"\"\". Produced by the father and son DJ team of Andy and John Pickles, \"\"Swing the Mood\"\" was a cut and paste record which fused a number of early rock and roll records with liberal use of Glenn Miller's \"\"In the Mood.\"\" Copyright problems caused a re-recorded version to be released; despite this version being derided by critics it nevertheless became a massive hit in the United Kingdom spending 5 weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart in July",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10011297",
"chunk_text": "\"Linda Nolan\"\nand Cozy Powell. She left the Nolans in 1983 and quickly gained the label \"\"Naughty Nolan\"\" due to her posing in risqué publicity photos. The Nolans reunited as a five-piece (Bernie, Anne, Coleen, Maureen and Linda) for one-off performances of \"\"I'm in the Mood for Dancing\"\" first for BBC One's \"\"All Time Greatest Party Songs\"\", hosted by Tess Daly, which aired on 17 December 2005 and again on 9 August 2007 on \"\"Loose Women\"\". Four of the sisters (Linda, Bernie, Coleen & Maureen) reunited in 2009 for a successful tour of the UK and Ireland. They also released an album",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13741641",
"chunk_text": "\"The Chimes (US band)\"\nThe Chimes (US band) The Chimes (later Lenny Cocco & the Chimes) were an American doo wop group from Brooklyn. The group came together under the direction of lead singer Lenny Cocco in the mid-1950s. Their first single was a version of \"\"Once in a While\"\"—a 1937 hit for Tommy Dorsey—released on Tag Records. The song became a hit in the U.S., peaking at #11 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in January 1961. The follow-up single was \"\"I'm in the Mood for Love\"\", a song from the 1930s. This hit #38 later that year. In 1962, they began recording as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16566668",
"chunk_text": "\"Tony Calder\"\nTony Calder Tony Calder (27 June 1943 – 2 January 2018) was an English record manager, impresario, talent-spotter, promoter and public relations agent. He was Andrew Loog Oldham's business partner from 1963 to December 1969. During a career spanning over 50 years he was instrumental in promoting a number of successful songs in the UK Singles Chart, including the Rolling Stones \"\"Little Red Rooster\"\" and \"\"Paint It, Black\"\", the Small Faces \"\"Itchycoo Park\"\", Amen Corner's \"\"(If Paradise Is) Half as Nice\"\", Eddy Grant’s \"\"I Don't Wanna Dance\"\" and Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers single \"\"Swing the Mood\"\". Calder was born",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9797559",
"chunk_text": "\"Endless Flight\"\nnumber one hits, first with the disco-styled \"\"You Make Me Feel Like Dancing\"\" (a Grammy Award winner for the year's best Rhythm and Blues Song), followed by the romantic ballad, \"\"When I Need You\"\" (1977), which reached number one in both the UK and US. Written by Albert Hammond and Carole Bayer Sager, it was Sayer's first UK #1 single (after three number two hits). It was also the first of two UK chart-toppers in a row for producer Richard Perry. This album received critical acclaim upon release, and won a Grammy Award for the hit single \"\"You Make Me",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13159335",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing in the Sheets\"\nDancing in the Sheets \"\"Dancing in the Sheets\"\" is a song written by Bill Wolfer and Dean Pitchford and recorded by American R&B group Shalamar. It was featured on the chart-topping soundtrack album of the 1984 motion picture \"\"Footloose\"\" and was also the first single from their album \"\"Heartbreak\"\", featuring the new line-up of Howard Hewett, Delisa Davis and Micki Free. The synth melody on the song is similar in structure to Prince's \"\"1999\"\". A music video was made featuring the new line-up and did not feature any footage from the film. \"\"Dancing in the Sheets\"\" was a top 20",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "331681",
"chunk_text": "\"I'm in the Mood for Love...The Most Romantic Melodies of All Time\"\nI'm in the Mood for Love...The Most Romantic Melodies of All Time I'm in the Mood For Love...The Most Romantic Melodies of All Time is the third cover album and fourteenth studio album by saxophonist Kenny G. It was released by Arista Records in 2006 and was the last album for the label. The Asian version also includes a bonus track. The album debuted at number 37 on the United States \"\"Billboard\"\" 200, selling about 32,000 copies in its first week. This was also the album's peak position on the chart. It also reached number 1 on the Contemporary Jazz",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17588171",
"chunk_text": "\"Attitude Dancing\"\nAttitude Dancing \"\"Attitude Dancing\"\" is a song written by Carly Simon and Jacob Brackman, performed by Simon and produced by Richard Perry. The song served as lead single from Simon's fifth studio album, \"\"Playing Possum\"\". The single became a Top 40 hit, peaking at #21 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Pop singles chart and #18 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Adult Contemporary chart. The single also charted in Australia, peaking at #70 on the ARIA Charts, and was a Top 40 hit in Canada, peaking at #21. The song was the first real disco hit of both herself and of her record label at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_942
|
most passing yards in nfl history in a game?
|
n/a
|
[
"Norm Van Brocklin",
"554"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8478890",
"chunk_text": "\"Drew Brees\"\n(Colts), Brett Favre (Packers), Dan Marino (Dolphins), Tom Brady (Patriots) and John Elway (Broncos). In Week 7, Drew Brees became the first player in NFL history with 100 games of 300+ passing yards, in a loss against the Kansas City Chiefs on October 23. During Week 16, Brees and Aaron Rodgers tied the NFL record for most seasons with at least 35 touchdown passes with four—a record shared with Peyton Manning and Tom Brady. Brees finished the 2016 season leading the league in passing yards with 5,208, the second most of his career and the fifth 5,000-yard season of his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10544100",
"chunk_text": "\"Anthony Calvillo\"\nand his wife Alexia have two daughters and reside year-round in Montreal. Anthony Calvillo Anthony Calvillo (born August 23, 1972) is the assistant head coach for the Montreal Carabins football team in U Sports and he is a former Canadian Football League (CFL) quarterback. He is professional football's all-time passing yards leader, and first in all-time CFL passing yards. In his career, he passed for 79,816 yards and is one of seven professional quarterbacks to have completed over 400 touchdown passes (the others being Brett Favre, Warren Moon, Peyton Manning, Dan Marino, Tom Brady, and Drew Brees). Calvillo won three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10544084",
"chunk_text": "\"Anthony Calvillo\"\nAnthony Calvillo Anthony Calvillo (born August 23, 1972) is the assistant head coach for the Montreal Carabins football team in U Sports and he is a former Canadian Football League (CFL) quarterback. He is professional football's all-time passing yards leader, and first in all-time CFL passing yards. In his career, he passed for 79,816 yards and is one of seven professional quarterbacks to have completed over 400 touchdown passes (the others being Brett Favre, Warren Moon, Peyton Manning, Dan Marino, Tom Brady, and Drew Brees). Calvillo won three Grey Cup championships in 2002, 2009, and 2010, and named Grey Cup",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9568736",
"chunk_text": "\"Vince Ferragamo\"\ntouchdown passes and 25 interceptions. On December 26, 1982, Ferragamo threw for 509 yards in a game against the Chicago Bears, at the time the second highest mark for passing yards in a game in league history behind former Ram Norm Van Brocklin. It was the third time in league history that a quarterback had passed for over 500 yards in a game, following Van Brocklin in 1951 (554 yards) and Y. A. Tittle in 1962 (505 yards). Subsequent to his return, Ferragamo led the Rams back to the NFL playoffs during the 1983 season behind the running of rookie",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3520384",
"chunk_text": "\"Lynn Dickey\"\nlate in training camp. He holds Packers records for highest completion percentage in a game with a minimum of 20 attempts (19-21, 90.48%, versus New Orleans on December 13, 1981). His record for most passing yards in a 1980 game (418 versus Tampa Bay on October 12) was broken by Matt Flynn on Jan. 1, 2012 with 480 yards. (Aaron Rodgers had 422 in a playoff game against the Arizona Cardinals); and highest average gain in a season (9.21 yards per attempt in 1983). The latter is an NFL single-season record for quarterbacks with 400 or more attempts. After retiring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4742453",
"chunk_text": "\"Karl Sweetan\"\nKarl Sweetan Karl Robert Sweetan (October 2, 1942 in Dallas, Texas – July 2, 2000, in Las Vegas, Nevada) was a professional NFL quarterback who played in five NFL seasons from 1966 to 1970 for 3 teams. He is tied with several other players for the record longest pass completion (99 yards to Pat Studstill on October 16, 1966) against the Colts. However, the Lions lost 45-14 in front of 60,238 fans at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. It is notable that he was the first non-Redskins quarterback to accomplish this feat. He was the Lions starting quarterback during the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11899756",
"chunk_text": "\"2011 NFL season\"\nweeks and 4 days (130 days). Although it initially threatened to postpone or cancel the season, the only game that was canceled was the August 7 Pro Football Hall of Fame Game. The 2011 season saw an unprecedented amount of passing offense: Three of the nine highest passing yardage totals of all time were established: No. 2 Drew Brees (5,476), No. 3 Tom Brady (5,235), and No. 9 Matthew Stafford (5,038); Eli Manning threw for 4,933 yards, which places him 14th all time. It also saw Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers establish the all-time single-season best QB Rating of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6808929",
"chunk_text": "\"Sonny Jurgensen\"\nbroken ribs and elbow surgery. He did, however, tie an NFL record early in the 1968 season for the longest pass play in NFL history. The 99-yard pass play to Jerry Allen occurred September 15, 1968 during the Redskins' game against the Chicago Bears. Coincidentally, Redskins' quarterbacks had three of the first four occurrences of a 99-yard pass play (Frank Filchock to Andy Farkas in 1939 and George Izo to Bobby Mitchell in 1963 were the other two occurrences of the play). Since Jurgensen's feat, no other Redskins' quarterback has completed a 99-yard pass. In 1969, Vince Lombardi took over",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18020236",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nstreak interrupted by a road loss to Manning's old team. Peyton Manning broke the all-time passing yardage record previously held by Brett Favre in a week nine home loss to the Kansas City Chiefs. However, the day's celebration was hollow as Manning was intercepted four times and ultimately benched during the game in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler. Osweiler helped the Broncos to five wins in seven starts in relief of the injured Manning, including overtime triumphs over eventual playoff teams Cincinnati and New England. Manning returned to the lineup during the final week of the regular season, helping",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4257650",
"chunk_text": "\"Dan Fouts\"\nmark with a career-high 33 in 1981. His career high of 4,802 passing yards during the 1981 season was an NFL record at the time. Fouts set NFL season passing yardage records in three consecutive seasons from 1979 to 1981 with totals of 4,082, 4,715, and 4,802 yards. He broke Joe Namath's professional record of 4,007 set in the American Football League in 1967, and Dan Marino broke Fouts' record in 1984 with 5,084 yards. The Chargers in 1979 were the first AFC Western Division champion to run more passing plays (541) than rushing (481). In 1982, a season shortened",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "21000481",
"chunk_text": "\"Andrew Luck\"\nby a rookie quarterback. Starting every game, Luck eventually led the Colts to 11 wins, and reached the playoffs with a team that had gone 2-14 the year before. Playing against the Kansas City Chiefs on December 23, 2012, Luck broke the record for most passing yards in a season by a rookie, throwing 205 to bring his season total to 4,183. Cam Newton held the previous record with 4,051 yards. In 2013, Luck was reunited with offensive coordinator Pep Hamilton, who was his offensive coordinator and quarterback coach at Stanford. In week 1 against the Oakland Raiders, Luck capped",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9459556",
"chunk_text": "\"Rudy Bukich\"\nlater years, he was diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and he died at age 85 in San Diego in 2016. He was buried at Miramar National Cemetery in San Diego. Rudy Bukich Rudolph Andrew Bukich (September 15, 1930 – February 29, 2016) was an American football player, a quarterback in the National Football League from 1953 to 1968. Known as \"\"Rudy the Rifle\"\" for his uncommon arm strength, he tied an NFL record with 13 consecutive pass completions in the season. One year later, he was the second-leading passer in the league. He played college football at the University",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14216786",
"chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XIX\"\nyoung quarterback, Dan Marino. In just his second year in the league, he broke nearly every NFL single-season passing record. Marino set a record for the most completions in a season (362) and became the first quarterback ever to throw for over 5,000 yards, reaching a total of 5,084. He set the record for the most games throwing for at least 300 passing yards (9) and the most games with 400 yards (4). Marino's 48 touchdown passes broke the previous record of 36, which was held by both George Blanda for the Houston Oilers in 1961 and Y. A. Tittle",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11481288",
"chunk_text": "Quarterback\nof 73–0. The blowout led other teams across the league to adopt variations on the T-formation, including the Philadelphia Eagles, Cleveland Rams and Detroit Lions. Baugh and the Redskins converted to the T-formation and continued to succeed. Thanks in part to the emergence of the T-formation and changes in the rulebooks to liberalize the passing game, passing from the quarterback position became more common in the 1940s. Over the course of the decade, passing yards began to exceed rushing yards for the first time in the history of football. The Cleveland Browns of the late 1940s in the All-America Football",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10379083",
"chunk_text": "\"Joe Montana\"\nall-time. Montana also had won 100 games faster than any other quarterback until surpassed by Tom Brady in 2008. His record as a starter was 117-47. His number 16 was retired by the 49ers on December 15, 1997, during halftime of the team's game against the Denver Broncos on \"\"Monday Night Football\"\". Montana also held the record for most passing yards on a Monday night game with 458 against the Los Angeles Rams in 1989. Montana holds postseason records for most games with a passer rating over 100.0 (12) and is second in career postseason touchdown passes (45), passing yards",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2260089",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthew Stafford\"\npassing yards against the Green Bay Packers in a 45–41 loss in Week 17. (It should be noted that in this game, Stafford threw an interception on an attempted 37-yd touchdown pass that, had he been successful, he would've broken Norm Van Brocklin's record for most yards in a game.) The accomplishment made Stafford the second-youngest quarterback in NFL history to reach 5,000 yards, behind only Dan Marino. Over the last four games of the 2011 regular season, Stafford became the only quarterback in NFL history to pass for over 1,500 yards (1,511) and 14 touchdowns over a four-game span.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20048974",
"chunk_text": "\"Matthew Stafford\"\nreached 25,000 passing yards in his 90th career game, becoming the fastest quarterback to reach this milestone, surpassing the previous record held by Dan Marino of 92 games. On December 21, Stafford posted a single-game career high in passer rating, and broke Jon Kitna's single-game franchise record with an 88.0 completion percentage. He completed 22 of 25 passes for 254 yards and three touchdowns in a Week 15 35-27 win over the New Orleans Saints. Stafford became the first quarterback in NFL history to complete 60 percent or more of his passes in all 16 games. Despite Stafford's success, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9459552",
"chunk_text": "\"Rudy Bukich\"\nRudy Bukich Rudolph Andrew Bukich (September 15, 1930 – February 29, 2016) was an American football player, a quarterback in the National Football League from 1953 to 1968. Known as \"\"Rudy the Rifle\"\" for his uncommon arm strength, he tied an NFL record with 13 consecutive pass completions in the season. One year later, he was the second-leading passer in the league. He played college football at the University of Southern California, after transferring from the University of Iowa. Born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri, Bukich was the son of Croatian immigrants. He was starting quarterback in his senior",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6336902",
"chunk_text": "\"Passer rating\"\nhas the highest career rating of any non-QB with more than twenty attempts. Ben Roethlisberger holds the record for the most games with a perfect passer rating (4). As of 2012, 61 NFL quarterbacks have completed a game with a perfect passer rating of 158.3, and seven have done so multiple times. Phil Simms holds the record for the highest passer rating in a Super Bowl, at 150.92 in Super Bowl XXI. Passer rating Passer rating (also known as quarterback rating, QB rating, or passing efficiency in college football) is a measure of the performance of passers, primarily quarterbacks, in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7044797",
"chunk_text": "\"1984 NFL season\"\nwith CBS and NBC. This game marked the second shortest distance between the Super Bowl host stadium (Stanford, California) and a Super Bowl team (San Francisco 49ers). The 49ers became the first team in NFL history to win 15 games in a regular season and to win 18 in an entire season (including the postseason). Additionally, two major offensive records were set this season, with quarterback Dan Marino establishing a new single-season passing yards record with 5,084 (later broken by Drew Brees and Tom Brady in 2011 and by Peyton Manning in 2013), and Eric Dickerson establishing a new single-season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3358105",
"chunk_text": "\"Damon Allen\"\nClemons. In 2018, Allen was inducted into the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame. Damon Allen Damon Allen (born July 29, 1963) is a former professional quarterback who played in the Canadian Football League. He is currently second in all-time professional football passing yards and second in all-time CFL passing yards after he was surpassed for first place by the Montréal Alouettes' Anthony Calvillo on October 10, 2011. He is pro-football's combined passing & rushing leader with a total of 84,301 yards. Allen retired as professional football's all-time leading passer with 72,381 passing yards after he surpassed Warren Moon's total of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18321721",
"chunk_text": "\"Milt Plum\"\nwith Plum in 1967. Plum backed up Roman Gabriel on the 1968 Rams and Fran Tarkenton and Gary Wood on the 1969 Giants, playing sparingly both years. He retired after the 1969 season. Plum went 7-2-1 in starting season openers as quarterback for a .778 winning percentage, the second highest for a quarterback since 1950. He also holds the NFL record for longest completed pass to himself (20 yards). Milt Plum Milton Ross Plum (born January 20, 1935) is a former American football quarterback who played for the Cleveland Browns (1957–61), Detroit Lions (1962–67), Los Angeles Rams (1968) and New",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15937605",
"chunk_text": "\"Ken Anderson (quarterback)\"\ncompletions (25; Tom Brady holds the current record with 37). While Anderson's record for regular season completion percentage happened in a strike-shortened 9-game season, the previous record he surpassed had been set by Sammy Baugh in a 10-game season (1945), in which Baugh threw 125 fewer passes then Anderson did in 1982. Furthermore, Anderson was ranked 6th all-time for passing yards in a career at the time of his retirement. Anderson’s record for completion percentage in a season stood for 27 years after his retirement (broken by Drew Brees in 2009). As of 2005, he is among the top 30",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15639751",
"chunk_text": "\"Hail Mary pass\"\nHail Mary pass A Hail Mary pass, also known as a shot play, is a very long forward pass in American football, made in desperation, with only a small chance of success and time running out on the clock. The term became widespread after a December 28, 1975 NFL playoff game between the Dallas Cowboys and the Minnesota Vikings, when Cowboys quarterback Roger Staubach (a Roman Catholic and fan of \"\"The Godfather Part II\"\" (1974), whose character Fredo had popularized the phrase) said about his game-winning touchdown pass to wide receiver Drew Pearson, \"\"I closed my eyes and said a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12003447",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Brady\"\nhistory. During this victory, Brady also became the fifth quarterback to record 60,000 career regular season passing yards, joining Peyton Manning, Brett Favre, Drew Brees, and Dan Marino. The following week, Brady completed 33-of-46 passes for 269 yards and one touchdown as the Patriots defeated the Los Angeles Rams by a score of 26–10. The Patriots' win against the Rams gave Brady his 201st career victory, including playoff games, breaking Peyton Manning's record of 200. In Week 14, Brady completed 25 of 38 passes for 406 yards, three touchdowns, and one interception during a 30–23 victory against the Baltimore Ravens",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8537358",
"chunk_text": "\"Notre Dame Box\"\n1933 (when official championship games began), beating the Boston Redskins 21-6 in 1936, defeating the New York Giants 27-0 in 1939, and beating the Giants again in 1944 by a score of 14-7. Green Bay tailbacks of those years were among the first NFL passers to post \"\"modern\"\" numbers. Arnie Herber was the first NFL player to pass for over 1,000 yards in 1936, throwing for 1239 yards and 11 touchdowns. Of that, 526 yards and 8 touchdowns were to Hutson. In 1939, Herber and Cecil Isbell combined for 1856 yards passing and 14 touchdowns. In 1941, Isbell broke Herber's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8478870",
"chunk_text": "\"Drew Brees\"\npassing touchdowns, which is known as the \"\"Triple Crown\"\". He broke Dan Marino's 27-year-old record for most passing yards in one season (5,084) in the 15th game of the season (week 16) against the Atlanta Falcons at home in New Orleans at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome with a touchdown pass to Darren Sproles. Brees also set a new Saints franchise record for passing touchdowns in a season with 46. In Week 2, during the Saints' home-opener, Brees defeated the Chicago Bears for the first time in his career as a starting quarterback, leaving the Baltimore Ravens as the only remaining NFL",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18164564",
"chunk_text": "\"Matt Schaub\"\nwas thought to have lost part of his earlobe on the play, however he suffered only a laceration. In week 11 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Schaub threw for a career-high 527 yards and a career-high 5 touchdown passes in a 43–37 overtime victory for the Texans. Schaub's 527 yards is tied with Hall of Famer and former Houston Oilers quarterback Warren Moon for the second-most passing yards in a single game in NFL history, only behind Norm Van Brocklin's 554 yards passing in 1951 against the already defunct Boston Yanks. In week 12, during the Thanksgiving game against the Detroit",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15163103",
"chunk_text": "\"Damon Allen\"\nDamon Allen Damon Allen (born July 29, 1963) is a former professional quarterback who played in the Canadian Football League. He is currently second in all-time professional football passing yards and second in all-time CFL passing yards after he was surpassed for first place by the Montréal Alouettes' Anthony Calvillo on October 10, 2011. He is pro-football's combined passing & rushing leader with a total of 84,301 yards. Allen retired as professional football's all-time leading passer with 72,381 passing yards after he surpassed Warren Moon's total of 70,553 yards (in both the CFL and NFL combined) on September 4, 2006",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8903244",
"chunk_text": "\"Sam Etcheverry\"\nwas awarded the Schenley Award (most outstanding player in the Canadian Rugby Union). Etcheverry set a single-game passing record of 586 yards in 1954 that stood for 39 years until the 1993 CFL season. He also set a season passing record in 1954 of 3,610 yards that was not only a CFL record but also eclipsed the NFL record set in the 1947 NFL season by Pro Football Hall of Famer Sammy Baugh of the Washington Redskins. He led the CFL in passing from 1954 to 1959. In 1956, he became the first professional quarterback to pass for over 4,000",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8660118",
"chunk_text": "\"Phil Simms\"\n513 yards—the fifth most passing yards in a single game in NFL history. In 1986, he passed for 3,487 yards and 21 touchdown passes during a season in which the Giants won 14 games. In week 11, he completed a desperate fourth-and-17 pass to Bobby Johnson late in the game to set up Raul Allegre's game-winning field goal, which gave the Giants a 22–20 victory over the Minnesota Vikings. Simms later commented: On January 25, 1987, the Giants met the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXI. In the biggest game of his life, Simms had one of the finest performances",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6356234",
"chunk_text": "\"Peyton Manning\"\ntied his career-high with a 86-yard touchdown pass to Demaryius Thomas, threw his 500th career touchdown pass to Julius Thomas, and also tied Dan Marino for the most 400-yard games by a quarterback. On October 19, 2014, against the San Francisco 49ers on \"\"NBC Sunday Night Football\"\", Manning threw his 509th career touchdown pass to Demaryius Thomas, passing Brett Favre to become the NFL's all-time leader in passing touchdowns. His historic touchdown was part of a 318-yard, four-touchdown passing performance where he earned AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors for the 27th and final time in his career. Overall,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19588993",
"chunk_text": "\"Sid Luckman\"\nand seven touchdowns, still tied for the most passing touchdowns in one game; it was also the first 400-yard passing game in NFL history. His 28 touchdown passes in 1943 (in only 10 games) was a record that lasted until 1959, a 12-game season. Luckman led the NFL in yards per attempt an NFL record seven times, including a record five consecutive years from 1939 to 1943, and led the NFL in passing yards three times. Luckman was a five-time All-NFL selection, was named the National Football League's Most Valuable Player Award in 1943, and led the \"\"Monsters of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12325271",
"chunk_text": "\"Bill Munson\"\nstarted eight games for the Rams, leading them to a 2–4–2 record in those games. On December 14, 1964, he connected with Bucky Pope for a 95-yard touchdown against the Green Bay Packers, ranking as the longest pass play in the NFL during the 1964 season. The following year, he started the first 10 games for the Rams, compiling a 1–9 record, but missed the final four games due to a knee injury. Munson eventually lost the starting quarterback job to Roman Gabriel and saw only limited action as a backup for the Rams in 1966 and 1967. In May",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4742454",
"chunk_text": "\"Karl Sweetan\"\nfilming of the movie \"\"Paper Lion\"\". He also saw playing time in the Canadian Football League with the 1964 Toronto Argonauts. Sweetan also gained notoriety of sorts later when it was alleged that he tried to sell an NFL football playbook to another team; however, the charge was not proven. Karl Sweetan Karl Robert Sweetan (October 2, 1942 in Dallas, Texas – July 2, 2000, in Las Vegas, Nevada) was a professional NFL quarterback who played in five NFL seasons from 1966 to 1970 for 3 teams. He is tied with several other players for the record longest pass completion",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "413984",
"chunk_text": "\"Warren Moon\"\n1990, Moon led the league with 4,689 passing yards. He also led the league in attempts (584), completions (362), and touchdowns (33), and tied Dan Marino's record with nine 300-yard games in a season. That included throwing for 527 yards against Kansas City on December 16, 1990, the second-most passing yards ever in a single game. The following year, he again led the league in passing yards, with 4,690. At the same time, he joined Marino and Dan Fouts as the only quarterbacks to post back-to-back 4,000-yard seasons. Moon also established new NFL records that season with 655 attempts and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20462599",
"chunk_text": "\"Bob Hayes\"\nto contain him. Hayes' first two seasons were most successful, during which he led the NFL both times in receiving touchdowns with 12 and 13 touchdowns, respectively. In 1966 Hayes caught six passes for 195 yards against the New York Giants at the Cotton Bowl. Later, in the Dallas Cowboys-Washington Redskins match-up, Hayes caught nine passes for 246 yards (a franchise record until Miles Austin broke it with a 250-yard performance on October 11, 2009, against the Kansas City Chiefs). Hayes' speed forced other teams to go to a zone since no single player could keep up with him. Spreading",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15639760",
"chunk_text": "\"Hail Mary pass\"\noften used in crowded situations. In computer security, a \"\"Hail Mary attack\"\" will throw every exploit it has against a system to see whether any of them work. Hail Mary pass A Hail Mary pass, also known as a shot play, is a very long forward pass in American football, made in desperation, with only a small chance of success and time running out on the clock. The term became widespread after a December 28, 1975 NFL playoff game between the Dallas Cowboys and the Minnesota Vikings, when Cowboys quarterback Roger Staubach (a Roman Catholic and fan of \"\"The Godfather",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13195832",
"chunk_text": "\"Joe Montana\"\nMontana and the 49ers. The team finished the regular season with an NFL-best 14–2 record, and their two losses were by a total of only five points. Montana threw for 3,521 yards and 26 touchdowns, with only 8 interceptions, giving him what was then the highest single-season passer rating in NFL history, a mark subsequently broken by Young in 1994, and later broken again by Indianapolis Colts quarterback Peyton Manning in 2004 and by Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers during his record-breaking 2011 season. He also rushed for 227 yards and three touchdowns on the ground, and earned the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6193026",
"chunk_text": "Quarterback\nplays occurred more frequently than passes. NFL quarterback Milt Plum later stated that during his career (1957-1969) passes typically only occurred on third downs and sometimes on first downs. Quarterbacks only increased in importance as rules changed to favor passing and higher scoring and as football gained popularity on television after the 1958 NFL Championship Game, often referred to as \"\"The Greatest Game Ever Played\"\". Early modern offenses evolved around the quarterback as a passing threat, boosted by rules changes in 1978 and 1979 that made it a penalty for defensive backs to interfere with receivers downfield and allowed offensive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13195850",
"chunk_text": "\"Joe Montana\"\n(5,772) and games with 300+ passing yards (6, tied with Kurt Warner). He also tied Terry Bradshaw's record for consecutive playoff games with at least two touchdown passes (7), though this record has since been broken by Baltimore Ravens quarterback Joe Flacco. In his four Super Bowls, Montana completed 83 of 122 passes for 1,142 yards and 11 touchdowns with no interceptions, earning him a passer rating of 127.8. Montana led his team to victory in each game, and was the first player ever to win three Super Bowl MVP awards. Montana also held the record for most Super Bowl",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19043810",
"chunk_text": "\"Boomer Esiason\"\nhis charitable work. At his retirement in 1997 Esiason finished in the top 10 all-time in many QB career statistical categories. In addition, he is the only quarterback to hold a franchise records in single game passing yards with two different teams, having thrown for 522 yards with the Arizona Cardinals on November 10, 1996 and 490 yards for the Cincinnati Bengals on October 7, 1990. Football Nation ranks Esiason as the 25th greatest quarterback of the post-merger era. In 2004, he was inducted into the Nassau County Sports Hall of Fame. Esiason has appeared in over 25 commercials including",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15021708",
"chunk_text": "\"Johnny Unitas\"\nJohnny Unitas John Constantine Unitas (; May 7, 1933 – September 11, 2002), nicknamed \"\"Johnny U\"\" and \"\"The Golden Arm\"\", was an American football player in the National Football League (NFL). He spent the majority of his career playing for the Baltimore Colts. He was a record-setting quarterback, and the NFL's most valuable player in 1959, 1964, and 1967. For 52 years he held the record for most consecutive games with a touchdown pass (which he set between 1956 and 1960), until quarterback Drew Brees broke his long standing record on October 7, 2012. Unitas was the prototype of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15712265",
"chunk_text": "\"Daryle Lamonica\"\nLeague Most Valuable Player Award for the season by UPI and TSN, with Joe Namath being named MVP by AP. It was in Oakland that Lamonica's passing acumen earned him the nickname \"\"the Mad Bomber,\"\" though his accuracy was sometimes suspect, as indicated by the fact that as a Raider starter from 1967 to 1972, his best completion average was only 53.0% (in 1972), though it may be argued that was because his passes were so very long. Lamonica holds the NFL record for most passing yards in a season without a single fumble (2,516 yards in 1970). On September",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15639392",
"chunk_text": "\"Drew Brees\"\nMarino's record with 5,235 yards. Brees averaged 342.25 yards passing per game, which broke Dan Fouts' record of 320.3 in a strike-shortened season. In 2013, Peyton Manning bested Brees' record by 1 yard, and finished the season with an NFL-record 5,477 passing yards, averaging 342.31 yards per game. After defeating the Detroit Lions 45–28 in the NFC Wild Card game, Brees and the Saints lost the NFC Divisional Round Playoff game to the San Francisco 49ers. He was named to his sixth career Pro Bowl. He was ranked as the second-best player in the league by his peers on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19953008",
"chunk_text": "\"Total quarterback rating\"\nopponent team’s defense is based on the opponent's’ defensive FPI, among other factors. Conceptualizing the detail Total QBR puts in can be explained through the 2015 NFC Wild Card game between the Green Bay Packers and the Washington Redskins. Aaron Rodgers of the Packers completed 21 of 36 passes for 210 yards, 2 touchdowns, and 0 interceptions, which computes to a 93.5 passer rating. Kirk Cousins of the Redskins completed 29 of 46 passes for 329 yards with 1 touchdown and 0 interceptions, computing a 91.7 passer rating. Observing these statistics, one is likely to conclude that Cousins had a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6849371",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 New Orleans Saints season\"\nthe first half of the Week 5, Monday Night game against the Washington Redskins quarterback, Drew Brees surpassed Brett Favre (71,838) and Peyton Manning (71,940) for the most career passing yards. Brees surpassed Favre on a 2-yard touchdown pass to tight end Josh Hill, and later he surpassed Manning with a 62-yard touchdown pass to rookie wide receiver Tre'Quan Smith, giving him the NFL's All-Time Career pass yardage record. Brees also threw his 500th touchdown pass against the Baltimore Ravens, with a 1-yard touchdown pass to tight end Benjamin Watson. As a result of clinching the NFC South division title",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1831237",
"chunk_text": "\"Anthony Calvillo\"\nof that same season, and again against the Argonauts, Calvillo completed his 5159th pass completion to Brandon London to move past Damon Allen to become the leader in that category as well. Then, on October 10, 2011, Calvillo completed a touchdown pass to Jamel Richardson to become professional football's all-time leading passer, in the Alouettes' third and final game against the Toronto Argonauts that year. In 2012, Calvillo became the only player in football history to pass 5,000 yards seven times in his career. He reached 4,000 yards passing eleven times in his career (a CFL record), only Peyton Manning",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8478844",
"chunk_text": "\"Drew Brees\"\n(1,678). He tied an NCAA record with the longest pass ever (99 yards), to receiver Vinny Sutherland against Northwestern on September 25, 1999 and held the NCAA record for pass attempts in a game (83) for fifteen years, until Washington State quarterback Connor Halliday broke it in October 2013. In 2009, Brees was inducted into Purdue's Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame. The Big Ten Conference's Griese–Brees Quarterback of the Year award initiated in 2011 was named in his and Bob Griese's honor. He was named the Big Ten's best quarterback of the 1990s and ranked number 48 on the 2010",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "569130",
"chunk_text": "\"Bret Stafford\"\nBret Stafford Bret Alan Stafford (born December 15, 1964) is a former American football player. He started as quarterback for the Texas Longhorns for almost 2½ seasons, 1985-87 during which time he established 14 UT records, among them most passing yards in a season (2,233) in 1986, and most passing yards over a career (4,735). However, most of his records have since been surpassed by Peter Gardere, James Brown, Major Applewhite, and Vince Young. Bret Stafford was a talented athlete who spent his life surrounded by sports. A native of Amarillo, Texas, Stafford's family moved to Temple in 1972, where",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_943
|
how many world series wins does the dodgers have?
|
n/a
|
[
"6",
"six"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9242194",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\n1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956) and the World Series in 1955. After moving to Los Angeles, the team won National League pennants in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, 2017, and 2018, with World Series championships in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981 and 1988. In all, the Dodgers have appeared in 20 World Series: 9 in Brooklyn and 11 in Los Angeles. For most of the first half of the 20th century, no Major League Baseball team employed an African American player. Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play for a Major League Baseball team",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9242186",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nLos Angeles Dodgers The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. The Dodgers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. Established in 1883 in Brooklyn, New York, the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium in . The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 23 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9242191",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\ntwo outs in the bottom of the ninth inning of game 1, in his only appearance of the series. The Dodgers won the pennant in 2017 and 2018, but lost the World Series to the Houston Astros and Boston Red Sox respectively. The Dodgers share a fierce rivalry with the San Francisco Giants, the oldest rivalry in baseball, dating back to when the two franchises played in New York City. Both teams moved west for the 1958 season. The Brooklyn Dodgers and Los Angeles Dodgers have collectively appeared in the World Series 20 times, while the New York Giants and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9242203",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nquickly became an icon of the Dodgers and their new California lifestyle. O'Malley was determined that there would not be a bad seat in the house, achieving this by cantilevered grandstands that have since been widely imitated. More importantly for the team, the stadium's spacious dimensions, along with other factors, gave defense an advantage over offense and the Dodgers moved to take advantage of this by assembling a team that would excel with its pitching. Since moving to Los Angeles, the Dodgers have won 11 more National League Championships and five World Series rings. The Dodgers' official history reports that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9242187",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nthe Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards; eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996. In the early 20th century, the team, then known as the Robins, won league pennants in 1916 and 1920, losing the World Series both times, first to Boston and then Cleveland. In the 1930s, the team changed its name",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9242192",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nSan Francisco Giants have also collectively appeared 20 times. The Giants have won two more World Series (8); the Dodgers and Giants share the record of 23 National League Pennants. Although the two franchises have enjoyed near equal success, the city rivalries are rather lopsided and in both cases, a team's championships have predated to the other's first one in that particular location. When the two teams were based in New York, the Giants won five World Series championships, and the Dodgers one. After the move to California, the Dodgers have won five in Los Angeles, the Giants have won",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4801549",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\ntwo teams. While the Giants have more wins in franchise history, the Dodgers and Giants are tied for most National League Pennants at 23, though the Giants have won eight World Series titles, while the Dodgers have won six. The 2010 World Series was the Giants' first championship since moving to California, while the Dodgers had won five World Series titles since their move, their last title coming in the 1988 World Series. This rivalry refers to a series of games played with the Los Angeles Angels. The Freeway Series takes its name from the massive freeway system in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4801552",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\na three-game interleague series. Their last meeting was in September 2016, when the Dodgers won two out of three games in New York. The Dodgers have a loyal fanbase, evidenced by the fact that the Dodgers were the first MLB team to attract more than 3 million fans in a season (in 1978), and accomplished that feat six more times before any other franchise did it once. The Dodgers drew at least 3 million fans for 15 consecutive seasons from 1996 to 2010, the longest such streak in all of MLB. On July 3, 2007, Dodgers management announced that total",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "311427",
"chunk_text": "\"Dodgers–Giants rivalry\"\nWhile the Dodgers have won the National League West fourteen times compared to the Giants' eight since the beginning of the Divisional Era in 1969, the Giants have more total wins, head-to-head wins, and World Series titles (8–6) in franchise history. Since moving to California, Los Angeles holds the edge in pennants (10–6) and World Series titles (5–3). Each team has advanced to the postseason as the wild card twice, the Giants most recently in 2016. The 2014 World Series was the Giants' most recent championship, while the Dodgers lost the 2017 World Series and the 2018 World Series. As",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "311440",
"chunk_text": "\"Dodgers–Giants rivalry\"\nand their first in San Francisco (). Since 2000, the Giants have advanced to the postseason seven times while the Dodgers have advanced eight times. In that time, the Giants made first-round playoff appearances in 2000, 2003 and 2016, won a National League pennant in 2002, and won the 2010 World Series, 2012 World Series and the 2014 World Series. The Dodgers have made first-round playoff appearances in 2004, 2006, 2014, and 2015, made NLCS appearances in 2008, 2009, 2013, and 2016, and won National League pennants in 2017 and 2018. Ardent fans of each club would be likely to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14218584",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\nteam to win six straight division championships since the New York Yankees won nine straight from 1998-2006 and only the third overall (the Atlanta Braves won 14 from 1991-2005). They opened the playoffs by defeating the Atlanta Braves in four games in the Division Series and defeated the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the National League Championship Series. It was the third straight NLCS appearance for the Dodgers, a franchise record and the second consecutive National League pennant. They lost to the Boston Red Sox in the 2018 World Series, their second straight World Series loss. The Dodgers became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5214565",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\n2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season The 2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 128th for the franchise in Major League Baseball, and their 59th season in Los Angeles, California. They finished the season with the most wins in Los Angeles team history with a major league best 104 wins (2nd best in overall team history, tied with the 1942 team and behind only the 1953 Brooklyn Dodgers). They won their fifth straight National League West championship and swept the Arizona Diamondbacks in three games in the Division Series. They advanced to the National League Championship Series for the second year",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9242189",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nthe first time, a story notably described in the 1972 book \"\"The Boys of Summer\"\". Following the 1957 season the team left Brooklyn. In just their second season in Los Angeles, the Dodgers won their second World Series title, beating the Chicago White Sox in six games in 1959. Spearheaded by the dominant pitching style of Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale, the Dodgers captured three pennants in the 1960s and won two more World Series titles, sweeping the Yankees in four games in 1963, and edging the Minnesota Twins in seven in 1965. The 1963 sweep was their second victory",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13573825",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nsince the franchise moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles in 1958, and the 19th overall. Entering the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers bullpen had thrown 23 consecutive scoreless innings, a postseason record for a bullpen. Additionally, by outscoring the Arizona Diamondbacks and Chicago Cubs by a combined 48–19 margin, the Dodgers entered the World Series with the third-best run differential of any pennant winner since the playoff structure was expanded in 1995. All-Star shortstop Corey Seager, who was out for the entire National League Championship Series with a back injury, was included on the Dodgers' World Series roster. Manager Dave",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4801521",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nagainst the Yankees, and their first against them as a Los Angeles team. The Dodgers won four more pennants in 1966, 1974, 1977 and 1978, but lost in each World Series appearance. They went on to win the World Series again in 1981, thanks in part to pitching sensation Fernando Valenzuela. The early 1980s were affectionately dubbed \"\"Fernandomania.\"\" In 1988, another pitching hero, Orel Hershiser, again led them to a World Series victory, aided by one of the most memorable home runs of all time, by their injured star outfielder Kirk Gibson coming off the bench to pinch hit with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6206291",
"chunk_text": "\"1966 World Series\"\nJim Gilliam announced his retirement. The Dodgers still had decent pitching, but their offense was among the worst in the majors. They finished in eighth place in 1967 and in seventh in 1968, before a new group of young players led the team back into contention in 1969. For the twenty-year period from 1969 to 1988, the Dodgers won 2 World Series (1981 and 1988), 5 National League pennants (1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988), and 7 National League Western Division titles (1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1988). Meanwhile, the Baltimore Orioles became the dominant team in the American League",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4801563",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\n2007 season, Jackie Robinson Day (April 15, commemorating Opening Day of Robinson's rookie season of 1947) has featured many or all players and coaches wearing the number 42 as a tribute to Robinson. The Dodgers have not issued the number 34 since the departure of Fernando Valenzuela in 1991, although it has not been officially retired. Since 1884, the Dodgers have used a total of 31 Managers, the most current being Dave Roberts, who was appointed following the 2015 postseason, after the departure of Don Mattingly. Over the nearly 43 years from 1954 to mid-1996, the Dodgers employed only two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4801553",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nfranchise attendance, dating back to 1901, had reached 175 million, a record for all professional sports. In 2007, the Dodgers set a franchise record for single-season attendance, attracting over 3.8 million fans. In 2009, the Dodgers led MLB in total attendance. The Dodger baseball cap is consistently in the top three in sales. During the 2011–2012 season, Frank McCourt, the owner of the Dodgers at that time, was going through a rough divorce with his wife over who should be the owner of the Dodger team. Instead, Frank McCourt paid $131 million to his wife as part of the divorce",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19136319",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nNational League West title and home field advantage throughout the MLB playoffs. In the postseason, the Dodgers swept the Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League Division Series and defeated the defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs in the National League Championship Series in five games to advance to the World Series against the Houston Astros. The Dodgers lost the series in seven games. Bellinger would be honored as the National League's Rookie of the Year for 2017, marking the third time the Dodgers had their players take home back-to-back Rookie of the Year honors in their history. Despite a 16-26",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8175599",
"chunk_text": "\"2016 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\nby the Chicago Cubs; the eventual World Series champion, in six games in the National League Championship Series. This was the 67th and final season for Hall of Fame broadcaster Vin Scully. The Dodgers announced on October 22, 2015 that Manager Don Mattingly would not be returning to the team for the 2016 season. In five seasons as manager, Mattingly had a record of 446–363, a .551 winning percentage (2nd best in Los Angeles Dodgers history) and guided the team to three straight National League West titles for the first time in franchise history. On November 23, the team announced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13743383",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nthen each league has conducted a championship series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance. As of 2018, the World Series has been contested 114 times, with the AL winning 66 and the NL winning 48. The 2018 World Series took place between the Los Angeles Dodgers and Boston Red Sox from October 23-28, with the Red Sox winning in five games to earn their ninth title. This was the first World Series meeting between these two teams since 1916. Having previously lost to the Houston Astros in the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4801564",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nmanagers, Walter Alston and Tommy Lasorda, both of whom are in the Hall of Fame. During this entire time period of extraordinary stability, the Dodgers were family owned by Walter O'Malley and then his son Peter O'Malley. It was during this era that the Dodgers won 11 of their 21 pennants, and all six of their World Series championships. The managers of the Los Angeles Dodgers (1958–present) are as follows: From the Dodgers' move to Los Angeles from Brooklyn in 1958, the Dodgers employed a handful of well-known public address announcers; the most famous of which was John Ramsey, who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13573824",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nregular season. The Dodgers held a 91–36 record through August 25 and ended the season with a 104–58 record. They won their fifth consecutive National League West title and home field advantage throughout the playoffs as the overall #1 seed. In the postseason, the Dodgers swept the 4th-seeded Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League Division Series and then defeated the number 3 seed and defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs in the previous year's rematch of the National League Championship Series in five games. This was the first appearance in the Fall Classic for the Dodgers since 1988, the tenth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20171192",
"chunk_text": "\"Dodger Stadium\"\nfielders more room to catch foul balls, so there was some tradeoff. Following the 2004 season, the stadium underwent a renovation which significantly reduced the amount of foul territory. Seats were added which were closer to home plate than the pitcher's mound, the dugouts were moved 20 feet closer to the field, and previously open space down the foul lines was filled with new seats. The Dodgers won the 1963 World Series over the New York Yankees, sweeping the Yankees by winning game 4 by a score of 2-1. Through the 2018 season, this remains the only time the Dodgers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7303317",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\"\npitchers (Kershaw, Greinke, Ryu and Dan Haren) all win 13 or more games. The Dodgers won their second straight NL West championship but lost again to the Cardinals in the Division Series. Kershaw would win the NL Cy Young Award and the NL MVP Award, making him the first National League player to win both awards in the same season since Bob Gibson in 1968. In 2015, journalist Molly Knight published a book named 'Best Team Money Can Buy', chronicling the team's 2012, 2013, and 2014 seasons. The book goes inside-the-clubhouse story of tumultuous years when the team was re-made",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7303326",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nin a season by a Dodger team. With a 92–71 record, the team entered the playoffs as a second seed and went on to beat the Atlanta Braves in four games in the NLDS and the Milwaukee Brewers in a hard-fought seven games in the NLCS, becoming the first team in either league to win Game 7 of an LCS on the road since the 2006 Cardinals. The Dodgers again came up short in the World Series, this time losing to the Boston Red Sox in five games. Major League Baseball awarded the 2020 All-Star Game to the Dodgers, which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "591551",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\ntwice from three runs down in a World Series game. The other were the Toronto Blue Jays in the 15–14 win during Game 4 of the 1993 World Series. This World Series set a new record for most players to hit a home run (14 to date in the World Series). The 2017 World Series also set a record for the number of players who hit at least one home run Game 5 lasted five hours and seventeen minutes, making it the second longest World Series game in history, trailing only the 14 inning contest between the Astros and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15978545",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\nstruggled in his second start, allowing five runs on seven hits in three innings as the Dodgers lost 7–2. However, in game 7, Buehler pitched a strong game, striking out seven and only allowing one run in 4 innings. Cody Bellinger hit a two run homer and Yasiel Puig hit a three-run homer and the Dodgers won 5–1 to clinch their second straight National League championship, the first time they had done that since 1977 and 1978. The Dodgers faced the Boston Red Sox, who had the best record in baseball in 2018, in the World Series. The series began",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13573820",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\n2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"\"2017 World Series presented by YouTube TV\"\". The Astros defeated the Dodgers, four games to three, to win their first World Series in franchise history, also becoming the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15512867",
"chunk_text": "\"Buzzie Bavasi\"\nNovember 3, 1950. O'Malley would acquire Mrs. Smith's 25 percent share in 1958, then become sole owner in 1975 when he bought out the heirs of Dearie Mulvey's one-quarter stake in the team. Bavasi would be given the formal title of executive vice president/general manager prior to the 1958 season. In Bavasi's nearly 18 years as the team's top baseball operations executive, the Dodgers won eight National League pennants (, , , , , , and )—including the first four World Series titles in franchise history (1955, 1959, 1963 and 1965). Three world championships occurred after the team's move to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15978485",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\n2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season The 2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season was the 129th for the franchise in Major League Baseball, and their 60th season in Los Angeles, California. They played their home games at Dodger Stadium. The Dodgers suffered a season-ending injury to star shortstop Corey Seager early in the season and started the season 16-26, but went 76-45 to close out the season. Rookie pitcher Walker Buehler had a break out season. They defeated the Colorado Rockies in the 2018 National League West tie-breaker game to claim their sixth straight National League West Championship and became the first",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14218646",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\n20 minutes this game became the longest World Series game by both innings and time, surpassing (in playing time) Game 3 of the 2005 World Series, which lasted 14 innings and 5 hours and 41 minutes, and breaking the record (in innings) first set by the Red Sox and Dodgers in the 1916 World Series. In Game 4, the game was scoreless for the first five innings until the Dodgers jumped out to a 4–0 lead thanks to a throwing error and a thee-run homer by Yasiel Puig. Rich Hill was dominant, only allowing one hit in 6 innings while",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20171162",
"chunk_text": "\"Dodger Stadium\"\nbaseball stadium by seat capacity. Often referred to as a \"\"pitcher's ballpark\"\", the stadium has seen twelve no-hitters, two of which were perfect games. The stadium hosted the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in 1980 - and will host in 2020 - as well as games of 10 World Series (1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, 2017, and 2018). It also hosted the semifinals and finals of the 2009 and 2017 World Baseball Classics. It also hosted exhibition baseball during the 1984 Summer Olympics. It will also host baseball and softball during the 2028 Summer Olympics. The stadium",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19976585",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nin the 16-year stretch from 1949 through 1964, and because of the Dodgers' move to Los Angeles, this resulted in the first World Series since 1948 to have no games in New York City. In a lively World Series, the Dodgers defeated the \"\"Go-Go\"\" White Sox in six games, thoroughly cementing the bond between the baseball team and its new Southern California fans. Commemorating their 50th year in Los Angeles, the Dodgers would play one more game in the Memorial Coliseum on March 29, 2008 – an exhibition game to benefit a cancer research charity. The crowd of 115,300, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7303322",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nthe loss of Kershaw for two months with a back injury. They won the NL West for the fourth straight season and defeated the Washington Nationals in the Division Series before losing in the NLCS to the eventual World Series champion Cubs. Corey Seager won the National League Rookie of The Year award. Following the 2016 season, the Dodgers re-signed free agents Justin Turner, Kenley Jansen, and Rich Hill. During the season, the Dodgers received surprise performances from utility man Chris Taylor and relief pitcher Brandon Morrow and rookie first baseman/outfielder Cody Bellinger, all three whom started the season in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19396095",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\nhis 33rd strikeout. Morton pitched four innings of relief to end the game, earning the win, as the Astros won their first World Series. \"\"List does not include pitchers. Stats in bold are the team leaders..\"\" \"\"Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home Runs; RBI = Runs Batted In; BB = Walks; SO = Strikeouts; SB = Stolen Bases; Avg. = Batting Average; OBP = On Base Percentage; SLG = Slugging; OPS = On Base + Slugging\"\" Stats in bold are the team",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4801542",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nand the red number on the front. These were worn with white pants and a new cap with silver brim, top button and Dodger logo. These alternates proved unpopular and the team abandoned them after only one season. In 2014, the Dodgers introduced an alternate road jersey: a gray version with the \"\"Dodgers\"\" script instead of the city name. In 2018, the Dodgers will be wearing their 60th anniversary patch to honor the 60 years of being in Los Angeles. The Dodgers have been groundbreaking in their signing of players from Asia; mainly Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Former owner",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19976580",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nTrolley Dodgers) in the 1930s. During the Brooklyn era, the team won the AA championship in 1889 and National League championships twelve times (1890, 1899, 1900, 1916, 1920, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955 1956) and won their first World Series championship in . The Brooklyn Dodgers had several Hall of Fame players on their rosters during this era including Roy Campanella, Leo Durocher, Burleigh Grimes, Willie Keeler, Pee Wee Reese, Wilbert Robinson, Duke Snider, Dazzy Vance, Zack Wheat and Jackie Robinson. Robinson, the first African American to play major professional baseball, made his debut as a Dodger in 1947",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5214566",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\nin a row and the third time in five seasons, where they faced the Chicago Cubs for the second year in a row. They defeated the Cubs in five games and advanced to the World Series for the first time since 1988, where they lost to the Houston Astros in seven games. The day after the 2016 World Series several Dodgers instantly became free agents: Pitchers Kenley Jansen, Brett Anderson, Rich Hill, Jesse Chavez, Joe Blanton and J. P. Howell, second baseman Chase Utley, third baseman Justin Turner and outfielder Josh Reddick. On November 9, relief pitcher Chin-hui Tsao was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18150071",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\n2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9242188",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nto the Dodgers, named after the Brooklyn pedestrians who dodged the streetcars in the city. In 1941, the Dodgers captured their third National League pennant, only to lose to the New York Yankees. This marked the onset of the Dodgers–Yankees rivalry, as the Dodgers would face them in their next six World Series appearances. Led by Jackie Robinson, the first black Major League Baseball player of the modern era; and three-time National League Most Valuable Player Roy Campanella, also signed out of the Negro Leagues, the Dodgers captured their first World Series title in 1955 by defeating the Yankees for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14885788",
"chunk_text": "\"1981 World Series\"\none World Series title during the 1980s. However, since their 1988 World Series win, the Dodgers would not appear in another World Series until 2017 (which they lost to the Houston Astros), despite reaching the NLCS in 2008, 2009, 2013, and 2016. The Yankees, on the other hand, appeared in seven World Series (1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2009) in that span, winning all but 2001 and 2003. 1981 World Series (4–2): Los Angeles Dodgers (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.) SERIES STATS | REGULAR SEASON SERIES STATS | REGULAR SEASON SERIES STATS | REGULAR SEASON SERIES STATS",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14218634",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\nclinch their sixth consecutive division championship. They became the first team to win six straight division championships since the New York Yankees won 13 straight from 1995-2007 and only the third overall (the Atlanta Braves won 14 from 1991-2005). On October 4th, they are set to play the Atlanta Braves. The first NLDS game will be pitched by Hyun Jin Ryu, leaving Kershaw to be left out until game 2. This is the first time in 8 out of 10 games that Kershaw has not been selected to start. The Dodgers, as the second seed in the National League, opened",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1255103",
"chunk_text": "\"Dodgers–Giants rivalry\"\nDuring the 2010s, the Giants have won three World Series titles, while the Dodgers are waiting for their first since 1988. When not tied for first during the last few days of the season, both teams have a long and storied history of eliminating their rival from playoff contention. All of these events and their associated quirks and symbols are relished by the fans of these two teams. In a unique case of the rivalry playing out \"\"indirectly\"\", some New York Mets fans in their championship season of who happened to have been Brooklyn fans in years past, took vicarious",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9242193",
"chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nthree in San Francisco. The Dodgers were founded in 1883 as the Brooklyn Atlantics, taking the name of a defunct team that had played in Brooklyn before them. The team joined the American Association in 1884 and won the AA championship in 1889 before joining the National League in 1890. They promptly won the NL Championship their first year in the League. The team was known alternatively as the Bridegrooms, Grooms, Superbas, Robins, and Trolley Dodgers before officially becoming the Dodgers in the 1930s. In Brooklyn, the Dodgers won the NL pennant several times (1890, 1899, 1900, 1916, 1920, 1941,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13743384",
"chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nbecame the 11th team to lose the World Series in consecutive seasons. In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 14 and won 9, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 20 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6869667",
"chunk_text": "\"Dodgers–Giants rivalry\"\nfive world championships, whereas the Dodgers won one. After the move to California, the Dodgers have won five, the Giants three. In both New York and in California, all of one team's world championships preceded the other's first one in that region to date. The Giants' five world championships won in New York preceded the Dodgers' only one in Brooklyn, in . The Dodgers' five world championships won in Los Angeles preceded the Giants' first one in San Francisco, in . All six of the Dodgers' world championships are sandwiched by the Giants' final world championship in New York ()",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17741304",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Los Angeles Dodgers\"\nnumber of radio stations that carried Dodger games increased that year from three stations to 17. Valenzuela became the only pitcher ever to be named Rookie of the Year and win the Cy Young Award in the same season. The Dodgers' torrid start assured them of a playoff berth in the strike-shortened split season. After defeating the Montreal Expos with the help of a ninth-inning two-out home run by Rick Monday in the fifth and deciding game of the National League Championship Series they proceeded to defeat the Yankees in the World Series in six games, with the World Series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "591550",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\nthe series, tying the record set in the 2002 World Series. Puig broke the record with a two-run home run in the top of the ninth inning. Taylor drove in Barnes to tie the game. With the teams combining to score 24 runs through the first nine innings, this was the highest scoring World Series game since the Florida Marlins beat the Cleveland Indians 14–11 in Game 3 of the 1997 World Series. Bregman singled in pinch runner Derek Fisher for the winning run in the tenth off of Jansen. The Astros became only the second team to come back",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "591542",
"chunk_text": "\"2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season\"\ncruised to an 11–1 win and a trip to their first World Series since 1988. Chris Taylor and Justin Turner were voted co-MVPs of the series. The Dodgers bullpen set a record with 23 consecutive scoreless innings in the post-season from game two of the NLDS through the completion of the NLCS. The Dodgers faced the Houston Astros in the World Series, their first appearance in the series since they won in 1988. Clayton Kershaw started Game 1 for the Dodgers, while Dallas Keuchel started for the Astros. The temperature at the start of the game was , which made",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_944
|
who has the world's largest standing army?
|
n/a
|
[
"China",
"South Korea"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13144466",
"chunk_text": "Army\ndifferentiate it from an air force called the Air Army, notably France. In such countries, the word \"\"army\"\" on its own retains its connotation of a land force in common usage. The current largest army in the world, by number of active troops, is the People's Liberation Army Ground Force of China with 1,600,000 active troops and 510,000 reserve personnel followed by the Indian Army with 1,129,000 active troops and 960,000 reserve personnel. By convention, irregular military is understood in contrast to regular armies which grew slowly from personal bodyguards or elite militia. Regular in this case refers to standardized",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6390537",
"chunk_text": "\"India as an emerging superpower\"\nprocedures, and the number is increasing at the rate of about 15 percent a year. The Indian Armed Forces, India's main defence organisation, consists of two main branches: the core Military of India and the Indian Paramilitary Forces. The Military of India maintains the second largest active duty force in the world after China, while the Indian Paramilitary Forces, over a million strong, is the second largest paramilitary force in the world. Combined, the total armed forces of India are 2,414,700 strong, the world's third largest defence force. The Army of India, as the Indian army was called under British",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17825941",
"chunk_text": "\"Volunteer military\"\nVolunteer military A volunteer military or all-volunteer military is one which derives its manpower from volunteers rather than conscription or mandatory service. A country may offer attractive pay and benefits through military recruitment to attract potential recruits. Many countries with volunteer militaries reserve the right to renew conscription in the event of an emergency. The Indian Army is the world's largest standing volunteer army. According to the International Institute for Strategic Studies, in 2010 the army had a strength of 1,129,900 active personnel and 960,000 reserve personnel In recent decades, the trend among numerous countries has been to move from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15027949",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian Army\"\nsystem, but is operationally and geographically divided into seven commands, with the basic field formation being a division. It is an all-volunteer force and comprises more than 80% of the country's active defence personnel. It is the 2nd largest standing army in the world, with 1,237,117 active troops and 960,000 reserve troops. The army has embarked on an infantry modernisation program known as Futuristic Infantry Soldier As a System (F-INSAS), and is also upgrading and acquiring new assets for its armoured, artillery and aviation branches. A Military Department was created within the Government of the East India Company at Kolkata",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1381843",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian Armed Forces\"\nimposed in India. It is one of the largest standing armies (and the largest standing volunteer army) in the world, with 1,129,900 active troops and 960,000 reserve troops. The force is headed by the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, General Bipin Rawat. The highest rank in the Indian Army is Field Marshal, but it is a largely ceremonial rank and appointments are made by the President of India, on the advice of the Union Cabinet of Ministers, only in exceptional circumstances. (See Field Marshal (India)). Late Field Marshal S.H.F.J. Manekshaw and the late Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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"chunk_id": "20419386",
"chunk_text": "\"Standing Army (film)\"\nStanding Army (film) Standing Army, directed by Enrico Parenti and Thomas Fazi, is a 2010 documentary film about the global network of U.S. military bases, the impact that these have on local populations, and the military-industrial complex that lies behind it. The United States has 250,000 soldiers stationed on more than 700 military bases in at least 40 countries across the globe. This deployment has continued to increase. The film explores historical displacement of native populations, including Italy, on Diego Garcia (an Indian Ocean island) and the Middle East. The film posits that while the traditional definition of the term",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
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"chunk_id": "1023262",
"chunk_text": "\"North Korea\"\nlife. Security forces employ mass surveillance. It is believed they tightly monitor cellular and digital communications. The Korean People's Army (KPA) is North Korea's military organization. The KPA has 1,106,000 active and 8,389,000 reserve and paramilitary troops, making it the largest military institution in the world. About 20 percent of men aged 17–54 serve in the regular armed forces, and approximately one in every 25 citizens is an enlisted soldier. The KPA has five branches: Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Special Operations Force, and Rocket Force. Command of the Korean People's Army lies in both the Central Military Commission of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
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"chunk_id": "542214",
"chunk_text": "\"People's Liberation Army\"\nPeople's Liberation Army The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Communist Party of China (CPC). The PLA consists of five professional service branches: the Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Rocket Force, and the Strategic Support Force. Units around the country are assigned to one of five Theater commands by geographical location. The PLA is the world's largest military force and constitutes the second largest defence budget in the world. It is one of the fastest modernising military power in the world and has been termed as a potential military",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
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"chunk_id": "2853798",
"chunk_text": "\"Volunteer military\"\nconscription to all-volunteer military forces. One significant example is in France, which has historically been the first to introduce modern conscription and whose model was followed by many other countries in Europe and elsewhere around the world. Volunteer military A volunteer military or all-volunteer military is one which derives its manpower from volunteers rather than conscription or mandatory service. A country may offer attractive pay and benefits through military recruitment to attract potential recruits. Many countries with volunteer militaries reserve the right to renew conscription in the event of an emergency. The Indian Army is the world's largest standing volunteer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3834613",
"chunk_text": "\"Standing army\"\nStanding army A standing army, unlike a reserve army, is a permanent, often professional, army. It is composed of full-time soldiers (who may be either career soldiers or conscripts) and is not disbanded during times of peace. It differs from army reserves, who are enrolled for the long term, but activated only during wars or natural disasters, and temporary armies, which are raised from the civilian population only during a war or threat of war and disbanded once the war or threat is over. The term dates from approximately 1600, although the phenomenon it describes is much older. Tiglath-Pileser III",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13714170",
"chunk_text": "\"Military service\"\nin January 2012. According to the legislation, the conscripts can only be drafted in \"\"state of emergency\"\" or as defensive measure, the National Assembly can authorise drafting. India has never had mandatory military service, either under British rule or since independence in 1947. In WWII the Indian Army became the largest all-volunteer force in history, rising to over 2.5 million men in size. It has since maintained the world's second largest army after China and the world's largest all volunteer army. Saddam Hussein's large Iraqi army was largely composed of conscripts, except for the elite Republican Guard. About 20,000-35,000 conscripts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12054882",
"chunk_text": "\"Mexican Army\"\nMexican Army The Mexican Army () is the combined land and air branch and is the largest of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army. It was the first army to adopt (1908) and use (1910) a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle. The Mexican Army has an active duty force of 274,500 with 110,500 men and women of military service age (2015 est.). Mexico has no major foreign nation-state adversaries. It officially repudiates the use of force to settle disputes and rejects interference by one nation in the affairs of another. Although it has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12054933",
"chunk_text": "\"Mexican Army\"\nMexican Army The Mexican Army () is the combined land and air branch and is the largest of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army. It was the first army to adopt (1908) and use (1910) a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle. The Mexican Army has an active duty force of 274,500 with 110,500 men and women of military service age (2015 est.). Mexico has no major foreign nation-state adversaries. It officially repudiates the use of force to settle disputes and rejects interference by one nation in the affairs of another. Although it has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
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{
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"chunk_id": "4029505",
"chunk_text": "China\nthe world, commanded by the Central Military Commission (CMC). China has the second-biggest military reserve force, only behind North Korea. The PLA consists of the Ground Force (PLAGF), the Navy (PLAN), the Air Force (PLAAF), and the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF). According to the Chinese government, China's military budget for 2017 totalled US$151,5 billion, constituting the world's second-largest military budget, although the military expenditures-GDP ratio with 1,3% of GDP is below world average. However, many authorities – including SIPRI and the U.S. Office of the Secretary of Defense – argue that China does not report its real level",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17190330",
"chunk_text": "Military\nperformed to assess military capability of potential future aggressors, and provide combat modelling that helps to understand factors on which comparison of forces can be made. This helps to quantify and qualify such statements as: \"\"China and India maintain the largest armed forces in the World\"\" or that \"\"the U.S. Military is considered to be the world's strongest\"\". Although some groups engaged in combat, such as militants or resistance movements, refer to themselves using military terminology, notably 'Army' or 'Front', none have had the structure of a national military to justify the reference, and usually have had to rely on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19761088",
"chunk_text": "\"Army group\"\nArmy group An army group is a military organization consisting of several field armies, which is self-sufficient for indefinite periods. It is usually responsible for a particular geographic area. An army group is the largest field organization handled by a single commander—usually a full general or field marshal—and it generally includes between 400,000 and 1,000,000 soldiers. In the Polish Armed Forces and former Soviet Red Army an army group was known as a Front. The equivalent of an army group in the Imperial Japanese Army was a \"\"general army\"\" (). Army groups may be multi-national formations. For example, during World",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "14144592",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea\"\nGDP: 14.967%), while maintaining compulsory conscription for men. Consequently, South Korea has the world's seventh largest number of active troops (630,000 in 2017), the world's highest number of reserve troops (7,500,000 in 2017) and the tenth largest defense budget. The South Korean military consists of the Army (ROKA), the Navy (ROKN), the Air Force (ROKAF), and the Marine Corps (ROKMC), and reserve forces. Many of these forces are concentrated near the Korean Demilitarized Zone. All South Korean males are constitutionally required to serve in the military, typically 21 months. Previous exceptions for South Korean citizens of mixed race no longer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "11484772",
"chunk_text": "Russia\nmale citizens aged 18–27 to be drafted for a year of service in Armed Forces. Russia has the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons in the world, the second largest fleet of ballistic missile submarines, and the only modern strategic bomber force outside the United States. Russia's tank force is the largest in the world, while its surface navy and air force are among the largest. The country has a large and fully indigenous arms industry, producing most of its own military equipment with only a few types of weapons imported. It has been one of the world's top supplier of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15415950",
"chunk_text": "\"Defence industry of India\"\nDefence industry of India The Defence industry of India is a strategically important sector in India. With strength of over 1.39 million active personnel, it is world's 2nd largest military force and has the world's largest volunteer army. The total budget sanctioned for the Indian military for the financial year 2018 is $62.8 billion, about five times what it spends on education and welfare. Despite having a modest internal defence industry, India is the largest arms importer in the world, with most of its arms purchases coming in from Russia. 12% of worldwide arms exports (by value) reach India. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "13901402",
"chunk_text": "\"Military budget\"\non Military Spending (GDAMS), which aims to gather people and create a global movement that persuades governments to reallocate their military spending to essential human needs such as food, education, health care, social services and environmental concerns. Among the countries maintaining some of the world's largest military budgets, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are frequently recognized to be great powers. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, in 2014, total world military expenditure amounted to 1.8 trillion US$. The \"\"Saturday Review\"\" magazine in February 1898 outlined the levels of military expenditure as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "1849062",
"chunk_text": "\"Republic of Korea Armed Forces\"\nRepublic of Korea Armed Forces The Republic of Korea Armed Forces (), also known as the ROK Armed Forces, are the armed forces of South Korea. Created in 1948, following the division of Korea, the Republic of Korea Armed Forces is one of the largest standing armed forces in the world with a reported personnel strength of 3,725,000 in 2016 (625,000 active and 3,100,000 reserve). South Korea's military forces are responsible for maintaining the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state, but often engage in humanitarian and disaster-relief efforts nationwide. The South Korean armed forces were largely constabulary forces until",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "13144492",
"chunk_text": "Army\non technological firepower and better-trained fighting forces, the sheer unlikelihood of a conventional military assault on most developed nations, as well as memories of the contentiousness of the Vietnam War experience, make mass conscription unlikely in the foreseeable future. Russia, as well as many other nations, retains mainly a conscript army. There is also a very rare \"\"citizen army\"\" as used in Switzerland (see Military of Switzerland). Western armies are usually subdivided as follows: A field army is composed of a headquarters, army troops, a variable number of corps, typically between three and four, and a variable number of divisions,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "14477242",
"chunk_text": "Army\nkings and their supportive chieftains. During the Iron Age, the Maurya and Nanda Empires had the largest armies in the world, the peak being approximately over 600,000 Infantry, 30,000 Cavalry, 8,000 War-Chariots and 9,000 War Elephants not including tributary state allies. In the Gupta age, large armies of longbowmen were recruited to fight off invading horse archer armies. Elephants, pikemen and cavalry were other featured troops. In Rajput times, the main piece of equipment was iron or chain-mail armour, a round shield, either a curved blade or a straight-sword, a chakra disc and a katar dagger. The states of China",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "14894272",
"chunk_text": "\"Modernization of the People's Liberation Army\"\ncapability to wage combined-arms warfare. Breaking with the previously triangular organization of military units, the group armies combined formerly independent arms or services into a comprehensive combat unit. Group armies consisted of infantry and mechanized infantry divisions, tank divisions or brigades, and a number of artillery, antichemical, air defense, engineer, signal, reconnaissance, electronic countermeasure, and logistics troops. In the late 1980s, some group armies also had helicopter, air support, or naval units. In 1987 PLA strength was about 3 million. Ground forces numbered about 2.1 million—the world's largest standing army; the Navy about 350,000—including those assigned to Naval Aviation, Coastal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
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"chunk_id": "6164681",
"chunk_text": "\"Pakistan Armed Forces\"\nacts as principle military adviser to the prime minister in the supervision and conduct of joint warfare. estimations by national and international bodies were that approximately 617,000 people were on active duty in the three main service branches, with an additional 420,000 serving in paramilitary forces and 513,000 in reserve. It is an all-volunteer military, but conscription can be enacted at the request of the president with the approval of the parliament of Pakistan. The military is the seventh largest in the world and has troops deployed around the globe in military assistance and peacekeeping operations. Pakistan is the only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3834620",
"chunk_text": "\"Standing army\"\nthe British Army, President James Madison commented, \"\"I could never have believed so great a difference existed between regular troops and a militia force, if I not witnessed the scenes of this day.\"\" Standing army A standing army, unlike a reserve army, is a permanent, often professional, army. It is composed of full-time soldiers (who may be either career soldiers or conscripts) and is not disbanded during times of peace. It differs from army reserves, who are enrolled for the long term, but activated only during wars or natural disasters, and temporary armies, which are raised from the civilian population",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4501294",
"chunk_text": "\"Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army\"\nby the \"\"Rodong Sinmun\"\", on 24 December 2011 and officially appointed to the position on 30 December 2011. Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army The Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army is the highest post in command of the Korean People's Army (KPA), the armed forces of North Korea, and is in charge of one of the largest standing armed forces in the world with around 1.8 million active duty military personnel and military reserves. Constitutionally, the position is attached to the office of Chairman of the State Affairs Commission. According to the constitution of North Korea: \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "3834615",
"chunk_text": "\"Standing army\"\nthe land for subsistence and occasionally mustered for campaigns. The first modern standing armies in Europe were the Janissaries of the Ottoman Empire, formed in the fourteenth century. Prior to the influence of Oliver Cromwell, England did not have a standing army with professional officers or careerist corporals or sergeants. It relied on militia organized by local officials, private forces mobilized by the nobility and hired mercenaries from Europe. This changed during the English Civil War, when Cromwell formed his New Model Army of 50,000 men. This professional body of soldiers proved more effective than untrained militia, and enabled him",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16308529",
"chunk_text": "\"Myanmar Army\"\nMyanmar Army The Myanmar Army (, ) is the largest branch of the Armed Forces (\"\"Tatmadaw\"\") of Myanmar (Burma) and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. The Myanmar Army maintains the second largest active force in Southeast Asia after the People's Army of Vietnam. The Myanmar Army had a troop strength of around 350,000 as of 2006. The army has extensive combat experience in fighting insurgents in rough terrains, considering it has been conducting non-stop counter-insurgency operations against ethnic and political insurgents since its inception in 1948. The force is headed by the Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar Army(),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
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"chunk_id": "3834619",
"chunk_text": "\"Standing army\"\narmy not under civilian control. The U.S. Constitution in () limits federal appropriations to two years, and reserves financial control to Congress, instead of to the President. The President, however, retains \"\"command\"\" of the armed forces when they are raised, as commander-in-chief. In the course of this constitutional debate, Elbridge Gerry arguing against a large standing army, compared it, mischievously, to a standing penis: \"\"An excellent assurance of domestic tranquility, but a dangerous temptation to foreign adventure.\"\" After the Battle of Bladensburg in 1814, during the War of 1812, in which the Maryland and Virginia militias were soundly defeated by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3834618",
"chunk_text": "\"Standing army\"\nKing whilst under his personal command, Parliament reduced the cadre to 7000 in 1697. Scotland and Ireland had theoretically separate military establishments, but they were \"\"de facto\"\" merged with the English force. The Bill of Rights 1689 officially reserved authority over a standing army to Parliament, not the King. In his influential work \"\"The Wealth of Nations\"\" (1776), economist Adam Smith comments that standing armies are a sign of modernizing society as modern warfare requires the increased skill and discipline of regularly trained standing armies. In the British Thirteen Colonies in America, there was a strong distrust of a standing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "265324",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Armed Forces\"\n$6.9 billion for military construction and $1.3 billion for family housing. The projected active duty end strength in the armed forces for fiscal year 2017 was 1,281,900 servicemembers, with an additional 801,200 people in the seven reserve components. It is an all-volunteer military, but conscription through the Selective Service System can be enacted at the President's request and Congress' approval. All males ages 18 through 25 who are living in the United States are required to register with the Selective Service for a potential future draft. The U.S. Armed Forces is the world's third largest military, after the Chinese's People's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1869303",
"chunk_text": "\"Active duty\"\nup. This varies from once every few years to a month every year. During active reserve duty, military law can be applied to reservists, similarly to regular soldiers. The Pakistan Armed Forces are one of the largest active service forces in the world, with almost 617,000 full-time personnel, due to the complex and volatile nature of Pakistan's relationship with India and the Kashmir region, and its porous border with Afghanistan. An additional 513,000 part-time reservists (including armed civilians of FATA) can be activated in a few weeks as per the situation under the order of the President of Pakistan who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15027946",
"chunk_text": "\"Indian Army\"\nIndian Army The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and it is commanded by the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four-star general. Two officers have been conferred with the rank of field marshal, a five-star rank, which is a ceremonial position of great honour. The Indian Army originated from the armies of the East India Company, which eventually became the British Indian Army, and the armies of the princely states, which finally became the national army",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "10551295",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\nsenior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY) and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2017, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 476,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 343,000 soldiers and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 199,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9328150",
"chunk_text": "\"Pakistan Armed Forces\"\nPakistan Armed Forces The Pakistan Armed Forces (, \"\"Pākistān Musallah Afwāj\"\") are the military forces of Pakistan. They are the sixth largest in the world in terms of active military personnel and the largest among Muslim countries. The armed forces comprise three main service branches – Army, Navy, and Air Force – together with a number of paramilitary forces and the Strategic Plans Division Force. Chain of command of the military is organized under the Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC) alongside chiefs of staff of the army, navy, and air force. All of the branches work together",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7641503",
"chunk_text": "India\nbetween India and the United States. Although India possessed nuclear weapons at the time and was not party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, it received waivers from the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear Suppliers Group, ending earlier restrictions on India's nuclear technology and commerce. As a consequence, India became the sixth \"\"de facto\"\" nuclear weapons state. India subsequently signed co-operation agreements involving civilian nuclear energy with Russia, France, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The President of India is the supreme commander of the nation's armed forces; with 13.95 lakh (1.395 million) active troops, they compose the world's second-largest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14331328",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Armed Forces\"\ndefense and power projection due to its large budget, resulting in advanced and powerful technologies which enables a widespread deployment of the force around the world, including around 800 military bases outside the United States. The U.S. Air Force is the world's largest air force, the U.S. Navy is the world's largest navy by tonnage, and the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps combined are the world's second largest air arm. In terms of size, the U.S. Coast Guard is the world's 12th largest naval force. The history of the U.S. Armed Forces dates to 14 June 1775, with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11072432",
"chunk_text": "\"French Armed Forces\"\nFrench Armed Forces The French Armed Forces () encompass the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the National Guard and the Gendarmerie of the French Republic. The President of France heads the armed forces as \"\"chef des armées\"\". France maintains the sixth largest defence budget in the world and the largest armed forces in size in the European Union (EU). France also maintains the world's third-largest nuclear deterrent (behind Russia and the United States). The military history of France encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas including modern France, greater Europe,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2258219",
"chunk_text": "\"Republic of China Army\"\nRepublic of China Army The Republic of China Army (ROCA) is the largest branch of the Republic of China Armed Forces. An estimated 80% of the ROC Army is located on Taiwan, while the remainder are stationed on the Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, Dongsha and Taiping Island. Since the Chinese Civil War, no armistice or peace treaty has ever been signed, as the final line of defense against a possible invasion by the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the primary focus is on defense and counterattack against amphibious assault and urban warfare. The ROC Army's current operational strength includes 3 armies, 5",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4189729",
"chunk_text": "\"India as an emerging superpower\"\nrule before 1947, played a crucial role in checking the advance of Imperial Japan into South Asia during World War II. It also played a leading role in the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971. Today, the Indian Army is the world's third largest army after United States Army and Chinese People's Liberation Army. The Indian Air Force is the fourth largest air force in the world. India recently inducted its second indigenously manufactured combat aircraft. India is also developing the fifth generation stealth aircraft. The Indian Navy is the world's fifth largest navy. It is considered to have blue-water capabilities",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4501290",
"chunk_text": "\"Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army\"\nSupreme Commander of the Korean People's Army The Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army is the highest post in command of the Korean People's Army (KPA), the armed forces of North Korea, and is in charge of one of the largest standing armed forces in the world with around 1.8 million active duty military personnel and military reserves. Constitutionally, the position is attached to the office of Chairman of the State Affairs Commission. According to the constitution of North Korea: \"\"The Chairman of the State Affairs Commission is the supreme commander of the whole armed forces of the Democratic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "609163",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian Army\"\nEgyptian Army The Egyptian Army or Egyptian Ground Forces ( \"\"al-Quwwāt al-Barriyya al-Miṣriyya\"\") is the largest service branch within the Egyptian Armed Forces. The modern army was established during the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805–1849), widely considered to be the \"\"founder of modern Egypt\"\". Its most significant engagements in the 20th century were in Egypt's five wars with the State of Israel (in 1948, 1956, 1967, 1967–1970, and 1973), one of which, the Suez Crisis of 1956, also saw it do combat with the armies of Britain, and France. The Egyptian army was also engaged heavily in the protracted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10415304",
"chunk_text": "Brazil\nministers, to inform the daily actions of the Court and the most important decisions made by them. The armed forces of Brazil are the largest in Latin America by active personnel and the largest in terms of military equipment. It consists of the Brazilian Army (including the Army Aviation Command), the Brazilian Navy (including the Marine Corps and Naval Aviation), and the Brazilian Air Force. Brazil's conscription policy gives it one of the world's largest military forces, estimated at more than 1.6 million reservists annually. Numbering close to 236,000 active personnel, the Brazilian Army has the largest number of armored",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11604502",
"chunk_text": "\"International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)\"\ntraining. Men from higher social statuses became officers. Each country devised a mobilisation system whereby the reserves could be called up quickly and sent to key points by rail. Every year the plans were updated and expanded in terms of complexity. Each country stockpiled arms and supplies for an army that ran into the millions. Germany in 1874 had a regular professional army of 420,000 with an additional 1.3 million reserves. By 1897 the regular army was 545,000 strong and the reserves 3.4 million. The French in 1897 had 3.4 million reservists, Austria 2.6 million, and Russia 4.0 million. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9292210",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean People's Army\"\nartillery pieces, 5,100 multiple rocket launchers, 11,000 air defense guns and some 10,000 MANPADS and anti-tank guided missiles in the Ground force; about 500 vessels in the Navy and 730 combat aircraft in the Air Force, of which 478 are fighters and 180 are bombers. North Korea also has the largest special forces in the world, as well as the largest submarine fleet. The equipment is a mixture of World War II vintage vehicles and small arms, widely proliferated Cold War technology, and more modern Soviet or locally produced weapons. North Korea possesses a vast array of long range artillery",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15905760",
"chunk_text": "\"Russian Armed Forces\"\nRussian Armed Forces The Russian Armed Forces () are the military forces of the Russian Federation, established after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. On 7 May 1992, Boris Yeltsin signed a presidential decree establishing the Russian Ministry of Defence and placing all Soviet Armed Forces troops on the territory of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic under Russian control. The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces is the President of Russia. The Russian Armed Forces were formed in 1992. The Russian Armed Forces is one of the world's largest and most powerful military forces. It is also the second largest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4876595",
"chunk_text": "\"North Korea\"\narmy of 1.21 million is the fourth largest in the world, after China, the United States and India. It possesses nuclear weapons. International organizations have assessed that human rights violations in North Korea are commonplace and are so severe as to have no parallel in the contemporary world. The North Korean government strongly denies most allegations, accusing international organizations of fabricating human rights abuses as part of a smear campaign with the covert intention of regime change, although they admit that there are human rights issues relating to living conditions which the government is attempting to correct. The name \"\"Korea\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14477241",
"chunk_text": "Army\ndoctrines, uniforms, organizations, etc. Regular military can also refer to full-time status (standing army), versus reserve or part-time personnel. Other distinctions may separate statutory forces (established under laws such as the National Defence Act), from de facto \"\"non-statutory\"\" forces such as some guerrilla and revolutionary armies. Armies may also be expeditionary (designed for overseas or international deployment) or fencible (designed for – or restricted to – homeland defence) India has had the earliest armies in the world. The first known recorded battles, the War of the 10 Kings, happened when a Hindu Aryan emperor Sudas defeated an alliance of ten",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12322468",
"chunk_text": "\"Myanmar Army\"\nForces are usually seasoned veteran soldiers. Thus both Officers and enlisted men refer to them as \"\"teacher\"\" out of respect. Myanmar Army The Myanmar Army (, ) is the largest branch of the Armed Forces (\"\"Tatmadaw\"\") of Myanmar (Burma) and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. The Myanmar Army maintains the second largest active force in Southeast Asia after the People's Army of Vietnam. The Myanmar Army had a troop strength of around 350,000 as of 2006. The army has extensive combat experience in fighting insurgents in rough terrains, considering it has been conducting non-stop counter-insurgency operations",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_945
|
what is one element a topographic map shows?
|
n/a
|
[
"relief"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2211771",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic map\"\nof 2011, the future of standardized, centrally printed topographical maps is left somewhat in doubt. Topographic maps have multiple uses in the present day: any type of geographic planning or large-scale architecture; earth sciences and many other geographic disciplines; mining and other earth-based endeavours; civil engineering and recreational uses such as hiking and orienteering. The various features shown on the map are represented by conventional signs or symbols. For example, colors can be used to indicate a classification of roads. These signs are usually explained in the margin of the map, or on a separately published characteristic sheet. Topographic maps",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "632918",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic map\"\nTopographic map In modern mapping, a topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines, but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made features. A topographic survey is typically published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A contour line is a line connecting places of equal elevation. Natural Resources Canada provides this description of topographic maps: Other authors define topographic maps by contrasting them with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8551342",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographic information system\"\ntoxic spill. Traditional maps are abstractions of the real world, a sampling of important elements portrayed on a sheet of paper with symbols to represent physical objects. People who use maps must interpret these symbols. Topographic maps show the shape of land surface with contour lines or with shaded relief. Today, graphic display techniques such as shading based on altitude in a GIS can make relationships among map elements visible, heightening one's ability to extract and analyze information. For example, two types of data were combined in a GIS to produce a perspective view of a portion of San Mateo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5492674",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic profile\"\nTopographic profile A topographic profile or topographic cut is a representation of the relief of the terrain that is obtained by cutting transversely the lines of a topographic map. Each contour line can be defined as a closed line joining relief points at equal height above sea level. It is usually drawn on the same horizontal scale as the map, but the use of an exaggerated vertical scale is advisable to underline the elements of the relief. This can vary according to the slope and amplitude of the terrestrial relief, but is usually three to five times the horizontal scale.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
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"chunk_id": "1463490",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic map\"\nare also commonly called \"\"contour maps\"\" or \"\"topo maps\"\". In the United States, where the primary national series is organized by a strict 7.5-minute grid, they are often called \"\"topo quads\"\" or quadrangles. Topographic maps conventionally show topography, or land contours, by means of contour lines. Contour lines are curves that connect contiguous points of the same altitude (isohypse). In other words, every point on the marked line of 100 m elevation is 100 m above mean sea level. These maps usually show not only the contours, but also any significant streams or other bodies of water, forest cover, built-up",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18011407",
"chunk_text": "\"Map symbolization\"\nmaps use one single dot to represent where a single phenomenon is the most likely to occur. The total amount of dots can cover a single area or multiple areas. The density of the dots is interpreted by the user as areas of high value. This method is more accurate than proportional and Isopleth maps. Map symbolization Map symbolization is the characters, letters, or similar graphic representations used on a map to indicate an object or characteristic in the real world. In cartography, the principles of cognition are important since they explain why certain map symbols work. In the past,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18011393",
"chunk_text": "\"Map symbolization\"\nmay be symbolized as a picture of a little church or cross or the town hall may have a special color or symbol. Many of the symbol feature on maps of the earth will be shown by straight, curved, dashed, or solid lines. They may also be colored to represent different classes of information. The typical color standard for topographic maps depicts contours in brown, bodies of water in blue, boundaries in black, and grids and roads in red. Topographic maps may use different colors to represent area features. Most topographic maps will use green for vegetation or national parks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18116850",
"chunk_text": "Topography\nexample) or inconsistencies (due to the timing of specific image captures). Most modern topographic mapping includes a large component of remotely sensed data in its compilation process. In its contemporary definition, topographic mapping shows relief. In the United States, USGS topographic maps show relief using contour lines. The USGS calls maps based on topographic surveys, but without contours, \"\"planimetric maps.\"\" These maps show not only the contours, but also any significant streams or other bodies of water, forest cover, built-up areas or individual buildings (depending on scale), and other features and points of interest. While not officially \"\"topographic\"\" maps, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
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"chunk_id": "17039920",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic map\"\nprotect natural resources and the public at large, or because such features are not present in any public domain database. Topographic map In modern mapping, a topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines, but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made features. A topographic survey is typically published as a map series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to form the whole map. A contour line is a line connecting places of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4826675",
"chunk_text": "Map\nMap A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes. Many maps are static, fixed to paper or some other durable medium, while others are dynamic or interactive. Although most commonly used to depict geography, maps may represent any space, real or fictional, without regard to context or scale, such as in brain mapping, DNA mapping, or computer network topology mapping. The space being mapped may be two dimensional, such as the surface of the earth, three dimensional, such as the interior of the earth, or even more abstract spaces",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17708674",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographical feature\"\nBiomes are often identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorized by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers, and numerous other elements. Oceans and continents are the highest-order landforms. A body of water is any significant accumulation of water, usually covering the Earth. The term \"\"body of water\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13281257",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic profile\"\nworks of great length and small width, for example roads, sewers or pipelines. Sometimes topographical profiles appear in printed maps, such as those designed for navigation routes, excavations and especially for geological maps, where they are used to show the internal structure of the rocks that populate a territory. People who study natural resources such as geologists, geomorphologists, soil scientists and vegetation scholars, among others, build profiles to observe the relationship of natural resources to changes in topography and analyze numerous problems. Topographic profile A topographic profile or topographic cut is a representation of the relief of the terrain that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19402042",
"chunk_text": "\"Map symbolization\"\nintervals of 10 feet or less. Areas that contain mountain or other high slope can use an interval of 100 feet. Apart from showing just contour lines, topographic maps also use a lot of map symbols to represent its features. Features are represented by using point, line, and area symbols. Individual features, such as houses, are shown as point symbols like a small dot or square. However, a cluster of houses or neighborhood can be shown as a shaded area or polygon. Areas of importance or landmarks may receive special symbols that represent what they are. For instance, a church",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "996009",
"chunk_text": "Map\nthere, making them subject to Chinese laws. Map A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes. Many maps are static, fixed to paper or some other durable medium, while others are dynamic or interactive. Although most commonly used to depict geography, maps may represent any space, real or fictional, without regard to context or scale, such as in brain mapping, DNA mapping, or computer network topology mapping. The space being mapped may be two dimensional, such as the surface of the earth, three dimensional, such as the interior of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3035942",
"chunk_text": "Elevation\nthe Earth. Due to the equatorial bulge, the summits of Mount Everest and Chimborazo have, respectively, the largest elevation and the largest geocentric distance. GIS or geographic information system is a computer system that allows for visualizing, manipulating, capturing, and storage of data with associated attributes. GIS offers better understanding of patterns and relationships of the landscape at different scales. Tools inside the GIS allow for manipulation of data for spatial analysis or cartography. A topographical map is the main type of map used to depict elevation, often through use of contour lines. In a Geographic Information System (GIS), digital",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5274761",
"chunk_text": "Landform\ncliffs, valleys, rivers, peninsulas, volcanoes, and numerous other structural and size-scaled (i.e. ponds vs. lakes, hills vs. mountains) elements including various kinds of inland and oceanic waterbodies and sub-surface features. Oceans and continents exemplify the highest-order landforms. Landform elements are parts of a high-order landforms that can be further identified and systematically given a cohesive definition such as hill-tops, shoulders, saddles, foreslopes and backslopes. Some generic landform elements including: pits, peaks, channels, ridges, passes, pools and plains. Terrain (or \"\"relief\"\") is the third or vertical dimension of \"\"land surface\"\". Topography is the study of terrain, although the word is often",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9682880",
"chunk_text": "\"Contour line\"\ndifferent elevations, for example, living on different floor levels of an urban apartment. In actuality, both plan and profile view contour maps are used in air pollution and noise pollution studies. Labels are a critical component of elevation maps. A properly labeled contour map helps the reader to quickly interpret the shape of the terrain. If numbers are placed close to each other, it means that the terrain is steep. Labels should be placed along a slightly curved line \"\"pointing\"\" to the summit or nadir, from several directions if possible, making the visual identification of the summit or nadir easy.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18779722",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic map\"\nareas or individual buildings (depending on scale), and other features and points of interest. Today, topographic maps are prepared using photogrammetric interpretation of aerial photography, lidar and other Remote sensing techniques. Older topographic maps were prepared using traditional surveying instruments. The cartographic style (content and appearance) of topographic maps is highly variable between national mapping organizations and aesthetic traditions and conventions persist, particularly amongst European countries at medium map scales. Although virtually the entire terrestrial surface of Earth has been mapped at scale 1:1,000,000, medium and large-scale mapping has been accomplished intensively in some countries and much less in others.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18831065",
"chunk_text": "Topography\nposition of any feature or more generally any point in terms of both a horizontal coordinate system such as latitude, longitude, and altitude. Identifying (naming) features, and recognizing typical landform patterns are also part of the field. A topographic study may be made for a variety of reasons: military planning and geological exploration have been primary motivators to start survey programs, but detailed information about terrain and surface features is essential for the planning and construction of any major civil engineering, public works, or reclamation projects. There are a variety of approaches to studying topography. Which method(s) to use depend",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18779707",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic map\"\nanother type of map; they are distinguished from smaller-scale \"\"chorographic maps\"\" that cover large regions, \"\"planimetric maps\"\" that do not show elevations, and \"\"thematic maps\"\" that focus on specific topics. However, in the vernacular and day to day world, the representation of relief (contours) is popularly held to define the genre, such that even small-scale maps showing relief are commonly (and erroneously, in the technical sense) called \"\"topographic\"\". The study or discipline of topography is a much broader field of study, which takes into account all natural and man-made features of terrain. Topographic maps are based on topographical surveys. Performed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18831062",
"chunk_text": "Topography\nterrain, the three-dimensional quality of the surface, and the identification of specific landforms. This is also known as geomorphometry. In modern usage, this involves generation of elevation data in digital form (DEM). It is often considered to include the graphic representation of the landform on a map by a variety of techniques, including contour lines, hypsometric tints, and relief shading. The term \"\"topography\"\" originated in ancient Greece and continued in ancient Rome, as the detailed description of a place. The word comes from the Greek (\"\"topos\"\", \"\"place\"\") and (\"\"-graphia\"\", \"\"writing\"\"). In classical literature this refers to writing about a place",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12725187",
"chunk_text": "\"World map\"\ncoastlines, let alone its interior regions, were known to any culture. New knowledge of the Earth's surface has been accumulating ever since and continues to this day. Maps of the world generally focus either on political features or on physical features. Political maps emphasize territorial boundaries and human settlement. Physical maps show geographic features such as mountains, soil type or land use. Geological maps show not only the surface, but characteristics of the underlying rock, fault lines, and subsurface structures. Choropleth maps use color hue and intensity to contrast differences between regions, such as demographic or economic statistics. A map",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "995996",
"chunk_text": "Map\nuser to toggle decluttering between ON, OFF and AUTO as needed. In AUTO the degree of decluttering is adjusted as the user changes the scale being displayed. Maps of the world or large areas are often either 'political' or 'physical'. The most important purpose of the political map is to show territorial borders; the purpose of the physical is to show features of geography such as mountains, soil type or land use including infrastructure such as roads, railroads and buildings. Topographic maps show elevations and relief with contour lines or shading. Geological maps show not only the physical surface, but",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18831061",
"chunk_text": "Topography\nTopography Topography is the study of the shape and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area could refer to the surface shapes and features themselves, or a description (especially their depiction in maps). Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief but also natural and artificial features, and even local history and culture. This meaning is less common in the United States, where topographic maps with elevation contours have made \"\"topography\"\" synonymous with relief. Topography in a narrow sense involves the recording of relief or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10272119",
"chunk_text": "\"Map symbolization\"\nshape of Earth’s surface by using contour lines, the lines on the map that join points of equal elevation. They are among the most well-known symbols on modern maps as they are self-explanatory and accurately represent their phenomena. They make it possible to the depict height, depth, and even slope. Contour lines will be closer together or spaced apart to show the steepness of the area. If the line is spaced closer together, it means that there is a steeper slope. If they are farther apart, the area has a low slope. An area of low slope generally uses contour",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8384271",
"chunk_text": "\"Terrain cartography\"\nrelief was standardized by the Austrian topographer Johann Georg Lehmann in 1799. Contour lines (or isohypses) are isolines showing equal elevation. This is the most common way of numerically showing elevation, and is familiar from topographic maps. Most 18th and early 19th century national surveys did not record relief across the entire area of coverage, calculating only spot elevations at survey points. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographical survey maps included contour representation of relief, and so maps that show relief, especially with exact representation of elevation, came to be called topographic maps (or \"\"topo\"\" maps) in the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4679421",
"chunk_text": "Cartography\nin order to design a map with a specific audience in mind. Oftentimes, the type of audience an orienteering map is made for is in a particular industry or occupation. An example of this kind of map would be a municipal utility map. A topographic map is primarily concerned with the topographic description of a place, including (especially in the 20th and 21st centuries) the use of contour lines showing elevation. Terrain or relief can be shown in a variety of ways (see Cartographic relief depiction). In the present era, one of the most widespread and advanced methods used to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8027315",
"chunk_text": "\"Dot distribution map\"\nDot distribution map A dot distribution map, or dot density map, is a map type that uses a dot symbol to show the presence of a feature or a phenomenon. Dot maps rely on a visual scatter to show spatial pattern. In a one-to-one dot map, each dot represents one single recording of a phenomenon. Because the location of the dot corresponds to only one piece of data, care must be taken to ensure that the dot is represented in its correct spatial location. Inaccuracies in the location of the dot can misrepresent the data being mapped. Various methods exist",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3716780",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography Markup Language\"\ncharacteristics\"\", of geographic objects as elements within GML documents according to the \"\"vector\"\" model. The geometries of those objects may describe, for example, roads, rivers, and bridges. The key GML geometry object types in GML 1.0 and GML 2.0, are the following: GML 3.0 and higher also includes structures to describe \"\"coverage\"\" information, the \"\"raster\"\" model, such as gathered via remote sensors and images, including most satellite data. GML defines \"\"features\"\" distinct from \"\"geometry objects\"\". A \"\"feature\"\" is an application object that represents a physical entity, e.g. a building, a river, or a person. A \"\"feature\"\" may or may not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17708676",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographical feature\"\nponds, parks and woods, mills, manor houses, moats, and churches may be considered part of a settlement. Engineered geographic features include highways, bridges, airports, railroads, buildings, dams, and reservoirs, and are part of the anthroposphere because they are man-made geographic features. Cartographic features are types of abstract geographical features, which appear on maps but not on the planet itself, even though they are located on the planet. For example, the Equator is shown on maps of the Earth, but it does not physically exist. It is a theoretical line used for reference, navigation, and measurement. Geographical feature Geographical features are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11776816",
"chunk_text": "\"Contour line\"\nthe reader to decipher the background information in the map itself. If there is little or no content on the base map, the contour lines may be drawn with relatively heavy thickness. Also, for many forms of contours such as topographic maps, it is common to vary the line weight and/or color, so that a different line characteristic occurs for certain numerical values. For example, in the topographic map above, the even hundred foot elevations are shown in a different weight from the twenty foot intervals. Line color is the choice of any number of pigments that suit the display.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18116854",
"chunk_text": "Topography\nengineering, atomic force microscopy is used to map nanotopography. In human anatomy, topography is superficial human anatomy. In mathematics the concept of topography is used to indicate the patterns or general organization of features on a map or as a term referring to the pattern in which variables (or their values) are distributed in a space. Topography Topography is the study of the shape and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area could refer to the surface shapes and features themselves, or a description (especially their depiction in maps). Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18116851",
"chunk_text": "Topography\nnational surveys of other nations share many of the same features, and so they are often called \"\"topographic maps.\"\" Existing topographic survey maps, because of their comprehensive and encyclopedic coverage, form the basis for much derived topographic work. Digital Elevation Models, for example, have often been created not from new remote sensing data but from existing paper topographic maps. Many government and private publishers use the artwork (especially the contour lines) from existing topographic map sheets as the basis for their own specialized or updated topographic maps. Topographic mapping should not be confused with geologic mapping. The latter is concerned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15638249",
"chunk_text": "\"Geologic map\"\nGeologic map A geologic map or geological map is a special-purpose map made to show geological features. Rock units or geologic strata are shown by color or symbols to indicate where they are exposed at the surface. Bedding planes and structural features such as faults, folds, foliations, and lineations are shown with strike and dip or trend and plunge symbols which give these features' three-dimensional orientations. Stratigraphic contour lines may be used to illustrate the surface of a selected stratum illustrating the subsurface topographic trends of the strata. Isopach maps detail the variations in thickness of stratigraphic units. It is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18011404",
"chunk_text": "\"Map symbolization\"\na map with good visual hierarchy, thematic symbols should be graphically emphasized. A map with a visual hierarchy that is effective attracts the map user’s eyes to the symbols with the most important aspects of the map first and to the symbols with the lesser importance later. The legend of the map also contains important information and all of the thematic symbols of the map. Symbol that need no explanation, or do not coincide with the theme of the map, are normally omitted from the map legend. Thematic symbols directly represent the maps theme and should stand out. Choropleth mapping",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5722840",
"chunk_text": "\"Thematic map\"\nretained, but gaps appear between units. Isarithmic maps, also known as contour maps or isoline maps depict smooth continuous phenomena such as precipitation or elevation. Each line-bounded area on this type of map represents a region with the same value. For example, on an elevation map, each elevation line indicates an area at the listed elevation. An Isarithmic map is a planimetric graphic representation of a 3-D surface. Isarithmic mapping requires 3-D thinking for surfaces that vary spatially. A dot distribution map might be used to locate each occurrence of a phenomenon, as in the map made by Dr. Snow",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12213403",
"chunk_text": "Schematic\nSchematic A schematic, or schematic diagram, is a representation of the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures. A schematic usually omits all details that are not relevant to the information the schematic is intended to convey, and may add unrealistic elements that aid comprehension. For example, a subway map intended for passengers may represent a subway station with a dot; the dot does not resemble the actual station at all but gives the viewer information without unnecessary visual clutter. A schematic diagram of a chemical process uses symbols to represent the vessels, piping, valves,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "137042",
"chunk_text": "\"Terrain cartography\"\nTerrain cartography Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography, and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartography, and more recently GIS and geovisualization. The most obvious way to depict relief is to imitate it at scale, as in molded or sculpted solid terrain models and molded-plastic raised-relief maps. Because of the disparity between the horizontal and vertical scales of maps, raised relief is typically exaggerated. On flat paper maps and computer screens, terrain can be depicted in a variety of ways, outlined below. The most ancient form of relief depiction in cartography, hill profiles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19426638",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic map\"\nmost common scale is the first one, which utilizes the UTM system. The (CD:NGI) produces three topographic map series, each covering the whole country, at scales 1:50 000, 1:250 000, and 1:500 000. Swisstopo (the Federal Office of Topography) produces topographic maps of Switzerland at seven different scales. Topographic maps for Taiwan had long been kept as confidential information due to security concerns. It has only been recently made available to public from the National Land Surveying and Mapping Center, the government agency responsible for surveying and publishing various maps. Topographic maps of up to 1:25,000 is now available in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18116852",
"chunk_text": "Topography\nwith underlying structures and processes to the surface, rather than with identifiable surface features. The digital elevation model (DEM) is a raster-based digital dataset of the topography (hypsometry and/or bathymetry) of all or part of the Earth (or a telluric planet). The pixels of the dataset are each assigned an elevation value, and a header portion of the dataset defines the area of coverage, the units each pixel covers, and the units of elevation (and the zero-point). DEMs may be derived from existing paper maps and survey data, or they may be generated from new satellite or other remotely sensed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6199994",
"chunk_text": "\"Trail map\"\nTrail map A trail map is a map used to aid in navigation and can symbolize an assorted amount of information of a particular area or contain only a single representation of the data it represents. Trail maps are produced in a variety of scales, sizes, formats, and media, depending on the audience and purpose of the map. Some trail maps have been extensively edited for content giving detail about nearby features, places of interest, or interesting facts, while some maps may only give minimal information of the trail. Today’s World Wide Web is one of the primary sources for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11776802",
"chunk_text": "\"Contour line\"\nflatter areas; these can be dashed or dotted lines at half the noted contour interval. When contours are used with hypsometric tints on a small-scale map that includes mountains and flatter low-lying areas, it is common to have smaller intervals at lower elevations so that detail is shown in all areas. Conversely, for an island which consists of a plateau surrounded by steep cliffs, it is possible to use smaller intervals as the height increases. An isopotential map is a measure of electrostatic potential in space, often depicted in two dimensions with the electostatic charges inducing that electric potential. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17600900",
"chunk_text": "Terrain\nTerrain Terrain or relief (also topographical relief) involves the vertical and horizontal dimensions of land surface. The term bathymetry is used to describe underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level. The Latin word \"\"terra\"\" (the root of \"\"terrain\"\") means \"\"earth.\"\" In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. The understanding of terrain is critical for many reasons: Relief (or \"\"local relief\"\") refers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "632928",
"chunk_text": "\"Topographic map\"\n1913 saw the beginning of the International Map of the World initiative, which set out to map all of Earth's significant land areas at a scale of 1:1 million, on about one thousand sheets, each covering four degrees latitude by six or more degrees longitude. Excluding borders, each sheet was 44 cm high and (depending on latitude) up to 66 cm wide. Although the project eventually foundered, it left an indexing system that remains in use. By the 1980s, centralized printing of standardized topographic maps began to be superseded by databases of coordinates that could be used on computers by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19625500",
"chunk_text": "\"Map symbolization\"\nand have a length. This would include any line feature on a map like roads or sidewalks. Areal phenomena are 2-D that has both a length and a width. The best example of this would be a lake or other body of water. When volume comes into consideration, it is broken down into two types, 2 ½ dimensions and 3-D. A good example of 2 ½ D would be the elevation of a place above sea level, while 3-D being any three-dimensional objects. An important factor in map symbols is the order in which they are ranked according to their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "137046",
"chunk_text": "\"Terrain cartography\"\nStates, and the usage has spread internationally. On maps produced by Swisstopo, the color of the contour lines is used to indicate the type of ground: black for bare rock and scree, blue for ice and underwater contours, brown for earth-covered ground. The Tanaka (Relief) Contours technique is a method used to illuminate contour lines in order to help visualize terrain. Lines are highlighted or shaded depending on their relationship to a light source in the Northwest. If the object being illustrated would shadow a section of contour line, that contour would be represented with a black band. Otherwise, slopes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14871207",
"chunk_text": "Generalization\nthis way, every map has, to some extent, been generalized to match the criteria of display. This includes small cartographic scale maps, which cannot convey every detail of the real world. Cartographers must decide and then adjust the content within their maps to create a suitable and useful map that conveys geospatial information within their representation of the world. Generalization is meant to be context-specific. That is to say, correctly generalized maps are those that emphasize the most important map elements while still representing the world in the most faithful and recognizable way. The level of detail and importance in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3035943",
"chunk_text": "Elevation\nelevation models (DEM) are commonly used to represent the surface (topography) of a place, through a raster (grid) dataset of elevations. Digital terrain models are another way to represent terrain in GIS. USGS (United States Geologic Survey) is developing a 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) to keep up with growing needs for high quality topographic data. 3DEP is a collection of enhanced elevation data in the form of high quality LiDAR data over the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and the U.S. territories. There are three bare earth DEM layers in 3DEP which are nationally seamless at the resolution of 1/3, 1,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20003715",
"chunk_text": "\"Hachure map\"\nrelaxed in order to obtain a more suggestive representation. Hachures are still used today on Large Scale maps to show slopes and on British Ordnance Survey Maps and also in various countries toposheets to show Road and Railway Cutting and Embankments. On British OS Maps they have become long triangles with the short base at the top, and always pointing downwards. Embankments are further identified by having a line around them. Hachure map Hachures are an older mode of representing relief. They show orientation of slope, and by their thickness and overall density they provide a general sense of steepness.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17708672",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographical feature\"\nGeographical feature Geographical features are naturally-created features of the Earth. Natural geographical features consist of landforms and ecosystems. For example, terrain types, physical factors of the environment) are natural geographical features. Conversely, human settlements or other engineered forms are considered types of artificial There are two different terms to describe habitats: ecosystem and biome. An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with its environment. In contrast, biomes occupy large areas of the globe and often encompass many different kinds of geographical features, including mountain ranges. Biotic diversity within an ecosystem is the variability among living organisms from all sources,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_946
|
who played bat masterson in the movie tombstone?
|
n/a
|
[
"Mason Alan Dinehart"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1070170",
"chunk_text": "\"Mason Alan Dinehart\"\nMason Alan Dinehart Mason Alan Dinehart (born April 30, 1936), also known as Mason Alan Dinehart III, Alan Dinehart III, or Mase Dinehart, is an American businessman and former actor best known for his role as a youthful Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes between 1955 and 1959 of the ABC/Desilu television series \"\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\", starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role of the frontier marshal Wyatt Earp. The Hollywood-born Dinehart was the only son of the actor Alan Dinehart and Dinehart's second wife, actress and journalist Mozelle Britton. In 1936, Alan Dinehart legally changed his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1070187",
"chunk_text": "\"Mason Alan Dinehart\"\nworks at times in any one of twenty-two states. Mason Alan Dinehart Mason Alan Dinehart (born April 30, 1936), also known as Mason Alan Dinehart III, Alan Dinehart III, or Mase Dinehart, is an American businessman and former actor best known for his role as a youthful Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes between 1955 and 1959 of the ABC/Desilu television series \"\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\", starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role of the frontier marshal Wyatt Earp. The Hollywood-born Dinehart was the only son of the actor Alan Dinehart and Dinehart's second wife, actress and journalist",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1011923",
"chunk_text": "\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\nBarry as Bat Masterson and again in 1991 in \"\"\"\", also with Barry as Masterson. An independent movie, \"\",\"\" was released in 1994 featuring new footage of O'Brian as Earp mixed with flashbacks consisting of colorized scenes from the original series. The new sequences co-starred Bruce Boxleitner (who had himself played Earp in the telefilm \"\"I Married Wyatt Earp\"\"), Paul Brinegar (who later joined the \"\"Rawhide\"\" cast), Harry Carey, Jr. (who had, a year earlier, played Marshal Fred White in \"\"Tombstone\"\"), and Bo Hopkins. With the emergence of television in the 1950s, producers spun out a large number of Western-oriented",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13752268",
"chunk_text": "\"Gene Barry\"\nGene Barry Gene Barry (born Eugene Klass, June 14, 1919 – December 9, 2009) was an American stage, screen, and television actor. Barry is best remembered for his leading roles in the films \"\"The Atomic City\"\" (1952) and \"\"The War of The Worlds\"\" (1953) and for his portrayal of the title characters in the TV series \"\"Bat Masterson\"\" and \"\"Burke's Law\"\", among many roles. Barry was born on June 14, 1919, in New York City, the son of Eva (née Conn) and Martin Klass; all of his grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russia. Barry grew up in Brooklyn and attended",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16103202",
"chunk_text": "\"Ed Masterson\"\nMGM film, \"\"The Gunfight at Dodge City\"\", Harry Lauter portrayed Ed Masterson, historically portraying him as killed, shot in the back by a man avenging his own brother's death. In the 1994 Warner Bros. film, \"\"Wyatt Earp\"\", Bill Pullman portrayed Ed Masterson, whom Wyatt Earp (played by Kevin Costner) claimed lacked the temperament to be a lawman. Ed Masterson Ed Masterson (September 22, 1852 – April 9, 1878) was a lawman and the oldest brother of the American West gunfighters Bat Masterson and James Masterson. Of Irish descent, Edward John Masterson was born in Henryville in Canada East. In the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13445173",
"chunk_text": "\"Mason Alan Dinehart\"\nto run for sheriff again. Earp as an appointed town marshal works with an elected sheriff, and their differences in jurisdiction do not cause any problems. Bat's brother, Ed Masterson, played by Brad Johnson, formerly the deputy sheriff on the \"\"Annie Oakley\"\" television series, is shot in an ambush by drunken cowboys, and Masterson settles the score. When Earp finally comes to Tombstone, Arizona Territory, he lacks the working relationship with Sheriff Johnny Behan that he had in Kansas with Bat Masterson. Dinehart's performance of Masterson was so highly regarded that ABC offered him a spinoff series, but he declined,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13752277",
"chunk_text": "\"Gene Barry\"\n90. He was buried at the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. His marker bears the epitaph, \"\"A Class Act\"\". His wife, Betty, died in 2003, after 58 years of marriage. Gene Barry Gene Barry (born Eugene Klass, June 14, 1919 – December 9, 2009) was an American stage, screen, and television actor. Barry is best remembered for his leading roles in the films \"\"The Atomic City\"\" (1952) and \"\"The War of The Worlds\"\" (1953) and for his portrayal of the title characters in the TV series \"\"Bat Masterson\"\" and \"\"Burke's Law\"\", among many roles. Barry was born",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12389734",
"chunk_text": "\"Val Kilmer\"\nVal Kilmer Val Edward Kilmer (born December 31, 1959) is an American actor. Originally a stage actor, Kilmer became popular in the mid-1980s after a string of appearances in comedy films, starting with \"\"Top Secret!\"\" (1984), then the cult classic \"\"Real Genius\"\" (1985), as well as the military action film \"\"Top Gun\"\" (1986), the fantasy film \"\"Willow\"\" (1988), and Doc Holliday in \"\"Tombstone\"\" (1993). Some of his other notable film roles include Jim Morrison in \"\"The Doors\"\" (1991), \"\"Mentor\"\" Elvis Presley in \"\"True Romance\"\" (1993), armed robber Chris Shiherlis in \"\"Heat\"\" (1995), Bruce Wayne / Batman in \"\"Batman Forever\"\" (1995),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20972297",
"chunk_text": "\"Tombstone (film)\"\nTombstone (film) Tombstone is a 1993 American Western film directed by George P. Cosmatos, written by Kevin Jarre (who was also the original director, but was replaced early in production), and starring Kurt Russell and Val Kilmer, with Sam Elliott, Bill Paxton, Powers Boothe, Michael Biehn, and Dana Delany in supporting roles, as well as narration by Robert Mitchum. The film is based on events in Tombstone, Arizona, including the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral and the Earp Vendetta Ride, during the 1880s. It depicts a number of Western outlaws and lawmen, such as Wyatt Earp, William Brocius, Johnny Ringo,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1011894",
"chunk_text": "\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\nRagan played Clay Allison in a 1957 episode, \"\"The Time for All Good Men\"\". Mason Alan Dinehart, or Alan Dinehart, III, son of film stars Alan Dinehart and Mozelle Britton, was cast in 34 episodes between 1955 and 1959 as Bat Masterson, a role filled on the NBC series of the same name by the late Gene Barry. Dinehart played Masterson from the ages of 19 to 23. The bearded Paul Brinegar in 33 episodes played James H. \"\"Dog\"\" Kelley, a veteran of the Union Army, the owner of the Alhambra Saloon, and a city council member and then the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20163499",
"chunk_text": "\"Bat Masterson (TV series)\"\nBowie\"\", and \"\"Dead Man's Claim\"\"). Ron Foster (1960) appeared twice as Toby Dawson in \"\"Six Feet of Gold\"\" and as Sheriff Buck Simpson in \"\"Jeopardy at Jackson Hole\"\" (1961). James Coburn also appeared in \"\"Six Feet of Gold\"\". Tom Greenway guest starred twice, as Charlie in \"\"Buffalo Kill\"\" (1959) and as Ben Pick in \"\"Dagger Dance\"\" (1961). Brett King appeared four times, beginning with the role of Hub Elliott in \"\"License to Cheat\"\" (1959); Douglas Kennedy was cast as Sheriff Jeb Crater in that same episode. William Tannen was cast in four episodes of \"\"Bat Masterson\"\". Diane Brewster, also known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5412115",
"chunk_text": "\"Batman Forever\"\nan offer was made to Ethan Hawke, who turned it down. Schumacher had seen Val Kilmer in \"\"Tombstone\"\", but was also interested in Daniel Day-Lewis, Ralph Fiennes, William Baldwin, and Johnny Depp. Kilmer signed on without reading the script or knowing who the new director was. With Kilmer's casting, Warner Bros. dropped Rene Russo as Chase Meridian. Robin Wright, Jeanne Tripplehorn, and Linda Hamilton were all considered for the role, which was eventually recast with Nicole Kidman. Billy Dee Williams took on the role of Harvey Dent in \"\"Batman\"\" on the possibility of portraying Two-Face in a sequel, but Schumacher",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20163498",
"chunk_text": "\"Bat Masterson (TV series)\"\nMacready appeared as Clyde Richards in the 1961 episode \"\"Tempest at Tioga Pass\"\". Quintin Sondergaard appeared in various roles on the series five times between 1958 and 1961. Dan Sheridan was cast as Joe Rankin in the 1959 episode \"\"Election Day\"\". Yvonne Lime Fedderson was cast as Lola White in the 1960 episode \"\"The Snare\"\". Ron Hayes appeared four times in the role of Wyatt Earp. Gary Vinson appeared as Billy Thompson in the 1958 episode \"\"A Noose Fits Anybody\"\". Tyler McVey appeared from 1958 to 1961 in different roles in three episodes (\"\"Dynamite Blows Two Ways\"\", \"\"Incident at Fort",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18854826",
"chunk_text": "\"Tombstone (film)\"\nscenery, to give them authenticity. All the mustaches in the movie were real. Val Kilmer practiced for a long time on his quick-draw speed, and gave his character a Southern Aristocrat accent. Two locations were used to make the town of Tombstone look bigger. The scene in which Wyatt throws an abusive card dealer (Billy Bob Thornton) out of a saloon was to show that Wyatt was a man who used psychology to intimidate. Thornton's lines in the scene were ad-libbed, as he was only told to \"\"be a bully\"\". The center of the film to Cosmatos was the loyalty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10602212",
"chunk_text": "\"Tombstone, the Town Too Tough to Die\"\nTombstone, the Town Too Tough to Die Tombstone: The Town Too Tough to Die is a 1942 Western film about the gunfight at the OK Corral directed by William McGann and starring Richard Dix as Wyatt Earp, Kent Taylor as Doc Holliday and Edgar Buchanan as Curly Bill Brocious. The supporting cast features Rex Bell as Virgil Earp and Victor Jory as Ike Clanton. Set in the legendary town of Tombstone, Arizona, the plot centers on former gunslinger Wyatt Earp, who helps the sheriff round up criminals. Earp becomes a lawman after he sees an outlaw accidentally kill a child",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5946748",
"chunk_text": "\"Frontier Doctor\"\nJr., as Sam, one of the ill cowboys. In \"\"The Twisted Road\"\" (1959), two young women are strangled to death shortly after a brother and sister, Stan and Hester Gray, played by Robert Vaughn and Virginia Christine, arrive in Rising Springs. Stan is soon suspected in the slayings, but there is a surprise ending. Chubby Johnson was cast as Sheriff Ed Wilson, with Malcolm Atterbury as the father of one of the victims, Mary Ross. Alan Dinehart, III, who played Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes of ABC's \"\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\", was cast in this episode as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20163501",
"chunk_text": "\"Bat Masterson (TV series)\"\ncredits with an onscreen notation \"\"based on\"\". From 1955 to 1959, Mason Alan Dinehart played a 20-something Bat Masterson in thirty-four episodes of the ABC/Desilu western series, \"\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\", starring Hugh O'Brian as the frontier peace officer Wyatt Earp. Dinehart left the series, and Barry was hence cast as a 40-something Masterson in a separate series on a different network. In the year 1958-1959 both actors were featured in the role of Masterson. The theme song was sung by Bill Lee, a member of the Mellomen. Barry went on to star in \"\"Burke's Law\"\", a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10851066",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael Biehn\"\nreplacing Ellen Ripley (Sigourney Weaver). However, Walter Hill and David Giler penned the final script, which had Hicks killed off in the opening scene. Biehn, upon learning of his character's demise, demanded and received almost as much money for the use of his likeness in one scene as he had been paid for his role in \"\"Aliens\"\". Biehn reprised the role of Hicks by voicing the character in the video game \"\"\"\". Biehn played the role of Johnny Ringo in \"\"Tombstone\"\" with the showdown scene with Val Kilmer as Doc Holiday. In the 2000s, Biehn took acting roles ranging from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16103201",
"chunk_text": "\"Ed Masterson\"\nsoutheast in Ford County. In later years all but military graves were moved to a new city cemetery, but it is unknown whether Ed's grave was moved. His current location is unknown. On April 2, 1957, the western actor Brad Johnson played Ed Masterson in the episode \"\"The Nice Ones Always Die First\"\" of the ABC television series, \"\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\", a Desilu Production starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role. Mason Alan Dinehart is cast as Ed's brother, Bat, who took the view that his brother was unsuited to be a lawman. In the 1959",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14748059",
"chunk_text": "\"Bat Masterson\"\nBat Masterson Bartholemew William Barclay \"\"Bat\"\" Masterson (November 26, 1853 – October 25, 1921) was a U.S. Army scout, lawman, professional gambler, and journalist known for his exploits in the 19th-century American Old West. Born to a working-class Irish family in Quebec, Masterson moved to the Western frontier as a young man and quickly distinguished himself as a buffalo hunter, civilian scout, and Indian fighter on the Great Plains. He later earned fame as a gunfighter and sheriff in Dodge City, Kansas, during which time he was involved in several notable shootouts. By the mid-1880s, Masterson moved to Denver, Colorado",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1070172",
"chunk_text": "\"Mason Alan Dinehart\"\nformer Miranda Gazal have four children. One of his children, Scott Dinehart, died in 2010 of an emergency hip operation. Dinehart played the youthful Bat Masterson who is the understudy of Wyatt Earp in learning the proper techniques of frontier law enforcement. Earp rarely calls him \"\"Bat\"\" but \"\"Mr. Masterson\"\" to teach the young man maturity. In a 1956 episode \"\"Bat Masterson Again,\"\" Earp shows young Masterson on the proper use of a pistol. During this time Masterson was elected sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, which includes the county seat of Dodge City. Bill Tilghman had been denied the right",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20107210",
"chunk_text": "\"John L. Cason\"\n1960, and on \"\"The Untouchables\"\" and \"\"Bat Masterson\"\" in 1961. His final performance was on the 1961 episode of \"\"Lawman\"\", \"\"By the Book\"\", in which he played the character Brad Oliver, which aired after his death in December 1961. Cason was killed in a car accident on July 7, 1961. He was buried in Grangeville Cemetery, in Armona, California. John L. Cason John L. Cason (July 30, 1918 – July 7, 1961), also known as Bob Cason or simply as John Cason, was an American actor active in both films and television. During his 20 year career he appeared in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16103306",
"chunk_text": "\"James Masterson\"\nJames Masterson James Masterson (September 18, 1855 – March 31, 1895), also known as Jim Masterson, was a lawman of the American West and the youngest brother of gunfighters and lawmen Bat Masterson and Ed Masterson. After working on the western frontier as a buffalo hunter with his brothers, he returned to Kansas. He and Ben Springer were the co-owners of the successful \"\"Lady Gay Dance Hall and Saloon\"\" in Dodge City, which employed the popular singer Dora Hand. Masterson became the assistant marshal in Dodge City in June 1878. At that time Charlie Bassett was the Marshal, having replaced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12897038",
"chunk_text": "\"Alan Dinehart\"\nfilms between 1931 and 1944. Earlier, he appeared in more than twenty Broadway plays. Dinehart's likeness was drawn in caricature by Alex Gard for Sardi's, the New York City theater district restaurant. The picture is now part of the collection of the New York Public Library. Dinehart's second son, Mason Alan Dinehart, was cast in several 1950s television series, including the role of a young Bat Masterson in the ABC/Desilu Studios western, \"\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\", starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role. In 1936, Dinehart had his name legally changed to Mason Alan Dinehart. He had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3067239",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers Boothe\"\nPowers Boothe Powers Allen Boothe (June 1, 1948 – May 14, 2017) was an American television, video game, and film actor and voice actor. Some of his most notable roles include his Emmy-winning portrayal of Jim Jones in \"\"\"\" and his turns as TV detective Philip Marlowe in the 1980s, Cy Tolliver on \"\"Deadwood\"\", \"\"Curly Bill\"\" Brocius in \"\"Tombstone\"\", Vice-President and subsequently President Noah Daniels on \"\"24\"\", and Lamar Wyatt in \"\"Nashville\"\". Boothe, the youngest of three boys, was born on a cotton farm in Snyder, Texas to Kathryn Emily (née Reeves) and Merrill Vestal Boothe, a rancher. His father",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17181775",
"chunk_text": "\"Powers Boothe\"\nin east Texas. Powers Boothe Powers Allen Boothe (June 1, 1948 – May 14, 2017) was an American television, video game, and film actor and voice actor. Some of his most notable roles include his Emmy-winning portrayal of Jim Jones in \"\"\"\" and his turns as TV detective Philip Marlowe in the 1980s, Cy Tolliver on \"\"Deadwood\"\", \"\"Curly Bill\"\" Brocius in \"\"Tombstone\"\", Vice-President and subsequently President Noah Daniels on \"\"24\"\", and Lamar Wyatt in \"\"Nashville\"\". Boothe, the youngest of three boys, was born on a cotton farm in Snyder, Texas to Kathryn Emily (née Reeves) and Merrill Vestal Boothe, a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6537046",
"chunk_text": "\"Bud Osborne\"\nAs he grew older Osborne played small character parts in such television western series as \"\"Have Gun – Will Travel\"\", \"\"Bonanza\"\", \"\"Bat Masterson\"\", \"\"Rawhide\"\" and \"\"The Lone Ranger\"\". His last role was in an episode of \"\"Gunsmoke\"\" in 1963. His career spanned 51 years, with a total of 607 films and television episodes to his credit. He was buried at the Forest Lawn, Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. Bud Osborne Bud Osborne (July 20, 1884 – February 2, 1964) was an American film actor. He appeared in more than 600 films and television programs between 1912 and 1963. Osborne",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10559760",
"chunk_text": "\"The Westerner (TV series)\"\nof 1950s and 1960s television Western series leads reprising their roles in quick cameo appearances (Gene Barry as Bat Masterson, Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp, Jack Kelly as Bart Maverick, Clint Walker as Cheyenne Bodie, David Carradine as \"\"Kung Fu\"\"'s Caine, Chuck Connors as The Rifleman, and so on). A two-DVD set of the complete series was released by Shout! Factory in February 2017. The Westerner (TV series) The Westerner is a highbrow American Western series that aired on NBC from September 30 to December 30, 1960. Created, written and produced by Sam Peckinpah, who also directed some episodes, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9048248",
"chunk_text": "\"Phillip Pine\"\nand Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\", starring Hugh O'Brian in the title role. In a 1957 episode of the same series, Pine again played Hardin, along with Mike Ragan as Clay Allison, Denver Pyle as Ben Thompson, and Mason Alan Dinehart as Bat Masterson, all of whom come to Earp's aid in a shootout with the owner and foreman of the Big T Ranch, Rance Purcell (Richard Devon) and Gus Andrews (Grant Withers). Pine appeared in two episodes of \"\"Wagon Train\"\" titled \"\"The Ben Courtney Story\"\" and \"\"The Esteban Zamora Story\"\" in 1959. Pine was in the second episode of \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20163502",
"chunk_text": "\"Bat Masterson (TV series)\"\ndetective series set in modern-day Los Angeles, as well as \"\"The Name of the Game\"\". The series consisted of three seasons and 107 episodes: Barry recreated the role of Bat Masterson in an episode of the television series \"\"Guns of Paradise\"\" (1990), alongside Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp. In \"\"\"\" (1991) Barry played Masterson, also with O'Brian as Earp, as well as Jack Kelly as Bart Maverick and Clint Walker as Cheyenne Bodie. TGG Direct released seasons the first and second seasons on DVD in Region 1 on January 29, 2013. The third and final season was released on November",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12810615",
"chunk_text": "\"Mason Alan Dinehart\"\ninspired the name of the Brown Derby restaurants in Los Angeles. By the time Dinehart left \"\"The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\", Gene Barry had already assumed for nearly a year the role of a more mature Masterson, one in his early forties, in the NBC western series \"\"Bat Masterson\"\". Some viewers complained of the change in actors portraying Bat Masterson, but in time Barry was the one most remembered for the role, not Dinehart, who left show business. Dinehart's first acting role was uncredited as \"\"Superman\"\" at the age of twelve in the 1948 film \"\"Superman\"\". Dinehart was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3196871",
"chunk_text": "\"Bat Masterson\"\nactress named Dora Hand, known professionally as \"\"Fannie Keenan,\"\" was shot and killed by James Kenedy, son of the wealthy Texas cattleman, Miflin Kenedy. Masterson's posse, which included Wyatt Earp and Bill Tilghman, captured Kenedy the following day after Masterson shot him in the left arm, and other posse members killed his horse. Santa Fe Railroad officials had wired Sheriff Bat Masterson asking him to recruit men to battle the forces of the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad, which were contesting the right-of-way through the Royal Gorge near Pueblo, Colorado. As a sheriff in Kansas, Masterson had no authority",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1349069",
"chunk_text": "\"Joe Sawyer\"\nwestern series \"\"Frontier Doctor\"\" starring Rex Allen, with Doris Singleton and Michael Ansara as fellow guest stars. Sawyer also appeared on ABC's, \"\"Maverick\"\", \"\"Sugarfoot\"\", \"\"Peter Gunn\"\", and \"\"Surfside 6\"\" as well as NBC's \"\"Bat Masterson\"\". Sawyer died April 21, 1982, in Ashland, Oregon from liver cancer. He was 75. His interment was in Oregon. Joe Sawyer Joe Sawyer (born Joseph Sauers, August 29, 1906 – April 21, 1982) was a Canadian film actor. He appeared in more than 200 films between 1927 and 1962, and was sometimes billed under his birth name. He was born in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Sawyer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "282455",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Sizemore\"\nof July\"\" (1989). Other early roles included \"\"Lock Up\"\" (1989), \"\"Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man\"\" (1991), \"\"Point Break\"\" (1991), \"\"True Romance\"\" (1993), \"\"Natural Born Killers\"\" (1994) and \"\"Strange Days\"\" (1995). Sizemore starred in the independent drama film \"\"Love Is Like That\"\" (1993) with actress and model Pamela Gidley and had a supporting role in Kevin Costner's \"\"Wyatt Earp\"\" (1994) as Bat Masterson. For his performance in \"\"Heart and Souls\"\" (1993), he was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor. A succession of well-received supporting parts followed, notably including his portrayal of Michael Cheritto in the heist film",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18854834",
"chunk_text": "\"Tombstone (film)\"\nwhen you read that Bill Clinton loved the performance, you figured you better catch up with the movie.\"\" Ultimately, Ebert recommended the movie while Siskel did not. Ebert was later to refer to \"\"Tombstone\"\" in future reviews, comparing it favorably to Kevin Costner's \"\"Wyatt Earp\"\" (\"\"It forced the comparison upon me.\"\") and, in his review of \"\"Wild Bill\"\", singling out Val Kilmer's portrayal as \"\"the definitive saloon cowboy of our time.\"\" In his review of Kurt Russell's \"\"Dark Blue\"\", he stated, \"\"Every time I see Russell or Val Kilmer in a role, I'm reminded of their \"\"Tombstone\"\", which got lost",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20163496",
"chunk_text": "\"Bat Masterson (TV series)\"\nBat Masterson (TV series) Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real-life marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half-hour black-and-white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions. \"\"Bat\"\" is a nickname for Masterson's first name, Bartholemew. The show took a tongue-in-cheek outlook, with Barry's Masterson often dressed in expensive Eastern clothing and preferring to use his cane rather than a gun to get himself out of trouble. Masterson was also portrayed as a ladies'",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18352795",
"chunk_text": "\"The Rifleman\"\nlook for Indians suspected of murdering a Texas Ranger and his family. He subsequently reappeared in \"\"The Raid\"\". Chuck Connors briefly played the same character again in 1991's \"\"\"\", which featured a number of 1950s and 1960s television Western series leads reprising their roles in quick cameo appearances (Gene Barry as Bat Masterson, Hugh O'Brian as Wyatt Earp, Jack Kelly as Bart Maverick, Clint Walker as Cheyenne Bodie, David Carradine as \"\"Kung Fu\"\"'s Caine). In late 2011, CBS announced plans to remake the original \"\"Rifleman\"\" series. Chris Columbus was slated to be the executive producer and direct, with Robert Levy,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20972562",
"chunk_text": "\"Tombstone Territory\"\nCorral. Located south of Tucson, Tombstone was then known by the sobriquet \"\"the town too tough to die.\"\" The program's theme song, \"\"Whistle Me Up a Memory,\"\" was written and performed by William M. Backer. The series did not deal with real characters in the history of Tombstone in the 1880s, such as Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday, or the Clanton Gang. It was about fictional characters in the American Southwest. Conway played Sheriff Clay Hollister. Eastham, the only other actor besides Conway to appear in all the episodes, played Harris Claibourne, editor of \"\"The Tombstone Epitaph\"\" (an actual newspaper that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2187664",
"chunk_text": "\"Matt Dallas\"\nABC declined to order any additional episodes of \"\"Eastwick\"\", effectively cancelling the series. In 2009, it was announced that Dallas would be appearing in the movie \"\"Beauty and the Briefcase\"\" with Hilary Duff. Dallas was in an indie western film called \"\"The First Ride of Wyatt Earp\"\" as Bat Masterson, which was released on March 6, 2012. In 2012, Dallas starred as Max in the musical love story movie \"\"You, Me & The Circus\"\". He played the role of Bat Masterson in an action packed western movie \"\"Wyatt Earp's Revenge\"\" with Val Kilmer. He also starred as Lance Leigh in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11038077",
"chunk_text": "\"Bat Masterson\"\neffort came to an abrupt end, however, when 25-year-old City Marshal Ed Masterson was shot and killed in the line of duty on April 9, 1878. Ed Masterson was mortally wounded by a cowboy named Jack Wagner, who was unaware that Bat Masterson was in the vicinity. As Ed stumbled away from the scene, Bat Masterson responded from across the street, firing on both Wagner and Wagner's boss, Alf Walker — who was holding a gun. Wagner died the next day, but Walker was taken back to Texas and recovered. More violence followed on October 4, 1878, when a variety",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11456611",
"chunk_text": "\"Wyatt Earp (film)\"\nWyatt Earp (film) Wyatt Earp is a 1994 American biographical Western film directed, produced, and co-written by Lawrence Kasdan, with Dan Gordon. It stars Kevin Costner in the title role as the lawman of the same name, and features an ensemble cast that includes Gene Hackman, Mark Harmon, Michael Madsen, Bill Pullman, Dennis Quaid, Isabella Rossellini, Tom Sizemore, JoBeth Williams, Mare Winningham and Jim Caviezel in one of his earliest roles. The film received mixed reviews and was a box office bomb. A teenaged Wyatt Earp lives on the family farm. His older brothers, Virgil and James, are away at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17375493",
"chunk_text": "\"Tombstone (film)\"\nnewspaper account, the DVD-ROM feature \"\"Faro at the Oriental: Game of Chance\"\", and a collectible \"\"Tombstone\"\" map. The widescreen high-definition Blu-ray Disc edition of the theatrical cut was released on April 27, 2010, featuring the making of \"\"Tombstone\"\", director's original storyboards, trailers, and TV spots. A supplemental viewing option for the film in the media format of video-on-demand is available, as well. Tombstone (film) Tombstone is a 1993 American Western film directed by George P. Cosmatos, written by Kevin Jarre (who was also the original director, but was replaced early in production), and starring Kurt Russell and Val Kilmer, with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20176794",
"chunk_text": "\"Dora Hand\"\nby Kelley. Rellance believes, however, that he is shooting Kelley, not Dora. Earlier in 1943, the Dora Hand role is portrayed by the actress Claire Trevor in the film \"\"The Woman of the Town\"\". In this fictional account, Hand is depicted as a girlfriend of Bat Masterson, played by Albert Dekker. Phyllis Coates played Hand in the 1964 episode, \"\"The Left Hand Is Damned\"\", of the syndicated television anthology series, \"\"Death Valley Days\"\", hosted by Ronald Reagan. In the story line, Hand nurses an ungrateful gunslinger, Bill Crawford (John Clarke) back to health after he is shot in self-defense by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17738357",
"chunk_text": "\"Pat Conway\"\nPat Conway Patrick Douglas Conway (January 9, 1931 – April 24, 1981) was an American actor best known for his starring role as young but tough Sheriff Clay Hollister on the ABC and then syndicated western television series \"\"Tombstone Territory\"\" (1957–1960). He was a maternal grandson of silent film star Francis X. Bushman (1883–1966). Conway was born in Los Angeles, California, to director Jack Conway (1887–1952) and the former Virginia Bushman (1908 - 2001). He was a maternal nephew of actor Ralph Bushman (1903–1978), sometimes cited as Francis X. Bushman Jr., and the art director Bruce Bushman (1911–1972). He died",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12880971",
"chunk_text": "\"Chill Wills\"\n\"\"City That Never Sleeps\"\" (1953), and that of Uncle Bawley in \"\"Giant\"\" (1956), which also features Rock Hudson, Elizabeth Taylor and James Dean. Wills was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for his role as Davy Crockett's companion \"\"Beekeeper\"\" in the film \"\"The Alamo\"\" (1960). However, his aggressive campaign for the award was considered tasteless by many, including the film's star/director/producer John Wayne, who publicly apologized for Wills. Wills' publicity agent, W.S. \"\"Bow-Wow\"\" Wojciechowicz, accepted blame for the ill-advised effort, claiming that Wills had known nothing about it. The Oscar was instead won by Peter Ustinov for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20738655",
"chunk_text": "\"Tombstone (film)\"\nby \"\"True West Magazine\"\". The film was also called \"\"One of the year's 10 best!\"\" by KCOP-TV in Los Angeles, California. Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert of \"\"Siskel & Ebert\"\" originally thought they would have to miss reviewing the film, as they could not get a screening, but as Ebert explained, \"\"... a strange thing started to happen. People started telling me they really liked Val Kilmer's performance in \"\"Tombstone\"\", and I heard this every where I went. When you hear this once or twice, it's interesting, when you hear it a couple of dozen times, it's a trend. And",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16103309",
"chunk_text": "\"James Masterson\"\nin city government, and the belief that the long-standing hard-lined stance of the Marshal's Office was past its prime and no longer useful. He fell out with his business partner, A.J. Peacock, over the hiring of the latter's brother-in-law, Al Updegraph, as bartender, and someone wired Bat Masterson in Tombstone that his brother's life was in danger. Bat arrived in Dodge on 16 April and saw Peacock and Updegraph near the station. Firing broke out, with Jim and others also taking part. Updegraph was the only casualty, taking a bullet through the lungs. Bat was fined for discharging a gun",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16198832",
"chunk_text": "\"Don Wilbanks\"\nthroughout the 1960s. Wilbanks died on July 26, 2013. Don Wilbanks Don Wilbanks (born Thomas Donald Wilbanks on October 4, 1926; died July 26, 2013) was an American actor who appeared in such television series as \"\"Rawhide\"\", \"\"Tate\"\", \"\"Twilight Zone\"\", \"\"Tales of Wells Fargo\"\", \"\"Laramie\"\", \"\"Bat Masterson\"\", \"\" The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp\"\", \"\"Bonanza\"\", \"\"Cheyenne\"\", \"\"Convoy\"\", \"\"Mayberry R.F.D.\"\", \"\"The Guns of Will Sonnett \"\", \"\"77 Sunset Strip\"\", \"\"Ironside\"\", \"\"Mod Squad\"\", \"\"Lancer\"\", \"\"The Virginian\"\", \"\"Charlie's Angels\"\" and \"\"Lawman\"\", among others. Wilbanks was born in Holdenville, Oklahoma, and moved to California to live with his mother when his father was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20972301",
"chunk_text": "\"Tombstone (film)\"\nthe other Cowboys. Curly Bill stands trial, but is found not guilty due to a lack of witnesses. Virgil, unable to tolerate lawlessness, becomes the new marshal and imposes a weapons ban within the city limits. This leads to a gunfight at the O.K. Corral, in which Billy Clanton, Tom McLaury, and Frank McLaury are killed. Virgil and Morgan are wounded, and the allegiance of county sheriff Johnny Behan with the Cowboys is made clear. As retribution for the Cowboy deaths, Wyatt's brothers are ambushed; Morgan is killed, while Virgil is left handicapped. A despondent Wyatt and his family leave",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6979834",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Bice\"\nRobert Bice Robert Bice (March 14, 1914 – January 8, 1968), was an American television and film actor. He was born on March 14, 1914 in Dallas, Texas. He died on January 8, 1968 in Los Angeles, California. Bice appeared in 199 films and television programs between 1943 and 1967. His first film was the comedy/horror \"\"The Ghost and the Guest\"\" (1943) and his career ended with four episodes in the popular western TV series \"\"Death Valley Days.\"\" Between 1957-1964 Bice made seven appearances on \"\"Perry Mason\"\" as Frank Faulkner, operative for Mason's private detective Paul Drake. His television credits",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_947
|
who started the tradition of coloring easter eggs?
|
n/a
|
[
"early Christians of Mesopotamia"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8442054",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\neggs red, the early Christians of Mesopotamia also stained Easter eggs green and yellow. Influential 19th century folklorist and philologist Jacob Grimm speculates, in the second volume of his \"\"Deutsche Mythologie\"\", that the folk custom of Easter eggs among the continental Germanic peoples may have stemmed from springtime festivities of a Germanic goddess known in Old English as Ēostre (namesake of modern English \"\"Easter\"\") and possibly known in Old High German as *\"\"Ostara\"\" (and thus namesake of Modern German \"\"Ostern\"\" 'Easter'): Although one of the Christian traditions are to use dyed or painted chicken eggs, a modern custom is to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15604797",
"chunk_text": "Easter\nearly Christian community of Mesopotamia, who stained eggs red in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at his crucifixion. As such, for Christians, the Easter egg is a symbol of the empty tomb. The oldest tradition is to use dyed chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute decorated chocolate, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jellybeans. The Easter Bunny is a popular legendary anthropomorphic Easter gift-giving character analogous to Santa Claus in American culture. Many Americans follow the tradition of coloring hard-boiled eggs and giving baskets of candy. On Easter Monday, the President of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16144883",
"chunk_text": "Paas\n\"\"Paas\"\" comes from \"\"Pasen\"\", Dutch for Easter. In 1901, according to a State of New Jersey inspection report, seven men and twenty women were employed in Townley's production facility at 60 Shipman Street in Newark. Paas eventually became the largest manufacturer of Easter egg dyes and Philip B. Townley succeeded his father as head of the company. Paas Easter Egg Coloring Kits offered in 2009 include: Paas Paas (trademarked as PAAS) is a brand of Easter egg dye. It is owned by Signature Brands, LLC. The original Paas Easter egg dye was invented by American William Townley, the owner of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8442052",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\ncultures in those areas, as well as through mercantile, religious, and political links from those areas around the Mediterranean. The Christian custom of Easter eggs, specifically, started among the early Christians of Mesopotamia, who stained eggs with red colouring \"\"in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at His crucifixion\"\". The Christian Church officially adopted the custom, regarding the eggs as a symbol of the resurrection of Jesus, with the Roman Ritual, the first edition of which was published in 1610 but which has texts of much older date, containing among the Easter Blessings of Food, one for eggs, along",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11814324",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nEaster egg Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are decorated eggs that are usually used as gifts on the occasion of Easter. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season). The oldest tradition is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in colored foil, hand-carved wooden eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate. However, real eggs continue to be used in Central and Eastern European tradition. Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20823060",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg decorating\"\nscratch-work, wax encaustic and carving. The renowned Russian court artist and jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé made exquisitely decorated precious metal and gemstone eggs for the Romanovs. These Fabergé eggs resembled standard decorated eggs, but they were made from gold and precious stones. The Persian culture also has a tradition of egg decorating, which takes place during the spring equinox. This time marks the Persian New Year, and is referred to as Nowruz. Family members decorate eggs together and place them in a bowl. It is said that it is from this cultural tradition that the Christian practice originates. In Egypt,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15604687",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\ncelebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Jesus, from which Jesus resurrected. In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red \"\"in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion.\"\" This custom of the Easter egg can be traced to early Christians of Mesopotamia, and from there it spread into Russia and Siberia through the Orthodox Churches, and later into Europe through the Catholic and Protestant Churches. This Christian use of eggs may have been influenced by practices in \"\"pre-dynastic period in Egypt, as well",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11814358",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nto the early Christian church in Mesopotamia. In Greece, superstitions of the past included the custom of placing the first-dyed red egg at the home's iconostasis (place where icons are displayed) to ward off evil. The heads and backs of small lambs were also marked with the red dye to protect them. The egg is widely used as a symbol of the start of new life, just as new life emerges from an egg when the chick hatches out. Painted eggs are used at the Iranian spring holidays, the Nowruz that marks the first day of spring or Equinox, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20823061",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg decorating\"\nit is a tradition to decorate boiled eggs during Sham el-Nessim, a spring-ushering national holiday celebrated by Egyptians regardless of religion, which falls every year after the Eastern Christian Easter. Although some Orthodox Christian societies sometimes richly decorate their eggs at Easter, like the Ukrainian ones as shown, it is more normal to dye eggs red all over, using onion skins. Many modern egg artists decorate their \"\"art eggs\"\" by etching or carving, while others paint or cover their eggs with different materials, from paper and fabric to polymer clay and are often painted in bright, spring colours. Using eggs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15604729",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nthe parents give up, the children demand a prize for revealing its location. Easter egg Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are decorated eggs that are usually used as gifts on the occasion of Easter. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season). The oldest tradition is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in colored foil, hand-carved wooden eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate. However, real eggs continue to be used in Central and Eastern European tradition. Although eggs, in",
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"chunk_id": "2819059",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nlong-dead time of winter. The Ukrainian art of decorating eggs for Easter, known as \"\"pysanky\"\", dates to ancient, pre-Christian times. Similar variants of this form of artwork are seen amongst other eastern and central European cultures. The idea of an egg-giving hare went to the U.S. in the 18th century. Protestant German immigrants in the Pennsylvania Dutch area told their children about the \"\"Osterhase\"\" (sometimes spelled \"\"Oschter Haws\"\"). \"\"Hase\"\" means \"\"hare\"\", not rabbit, and in Northwest European folklore the \"\"Easter Bunny\"\" indeed is a hare. According to the legend, only good children received gifts of colored eggs in the nests",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nor using artificial colourings. A greater variety of colour was often provided by tying on the onion skin with different coloured woollen yarn. In the North of England these are called pace-eggs or paste-eggs, from a dialectal form of Middle English \"\"pasche\"\". They were usually eaten after an egg-jarping (egg tapping) competition. In the Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches, Easter eggs are dyed red to represent the blood of Christ, with further symbolism being found in the hard shell of the egg symbolizing the sealed Tomb of Christ — the cracking of which symbolized his resurrection from the dead. When",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "18487722",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg tapping\"\nwas a symbol of rebirth, adopted by early Christians as a symbol of the resurrection of Jesus at Easter. During medieval times, egg tapping was practiced in Europe. For instance, the practice was mentioned to have played an important part in the 14th century in Zagreb in relation to the Easter festival. A study of folklore quotes an early 15th-century reference Poland. In North America, in colonial New Amsterdam in the 1600s, \"\"cracking of eggs\"\" was invented by Jonathon Day on Easter Monday with the winner keeping both eggs. During the Revolutionary war egg picking was observed by a British",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "18372326",
"chunk_text": "Egg\nrebirth in many cultures around the world. Christians view Easter eggs as symbolic of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. A popular Easter tradition in some parts of the world is the decoration of hard-boiled eggs (usually by dyeing, but often by spray-painting). Adults often hide the eggs for children to find, an activity known as an Easter egg hunt. A similar tradition of egg painting exists in areas of the world influenced by the culture of Persia. Before the spring equinox in the Persian New Year tradition (called Norouz), each family member decorates a hard-boiled egg and sets them together",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nthe celebrations. Later, German Protestants retained the custom of eating colored eggs for Easter, though they did not continue the tradition of fasting. Eggs boiled with some flowers change their color, bringing the spring into the homes, and some over time added the custom of decorating the eggs. Many Christians of the Eastern Orthodox Church to this day typically dye their Easter eggs red, the color of blood, in recognition of the blood of the sacrificed Christ (and, of the renewal of life in springtime). Some also use the color green, in honor of the new foliage emerging after the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "14070340",
"chunk_text": "\"Peter Carl Fabergé\"\nPeter Carl Fabergé Peter Carl Fabergé, also known as Karl Gustavovich Fabergé (, \"\"Karl Gustavovich Faberzhe\"\"; 30 May 1846 – 24 September 1920), was a Russian jeweller best known for the famous Fabergé eggs made in the style of genuine Easter eggs, but using precious metals and gemstones rather than more mundane materials. He's the founder of the famous jewelry legacy House of Fabergé. He was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to the Baltic German jeweller Gustav Fabergé and his Danish wife Charlotte Jungstedt. Gustav Fabergé's paternal ancestors were Huguenots, originally from La Bouteille, Picardy, who fled from France after",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nkilled and brought back to life. The plays take place in England during Easter. In 1873 J.S. Fry & Sons of England introduced the first chocolate Easter egg in Britain. In Western cultures, the giving of chocolate eggs is now commonplace, with 80 million Easter eggs sold in the UK alone. Formerly, the containers Easter eggs were sold in contained large amounts of plastic, although in the United Kingdom this has gradually been replaced with recyclable paper and cardboard. In the Indian state of Goa, the Goan Catholic version of marzipan is used to make easter eggs. In the Philippines,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15375871",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg decorating in Slavic culture\"\ncognate with Latin \"\"pictura\"\"). In Slavic tradition, the egg (similar to icons) is written, not drawn or painted. This is a Central and Eastern European and not strictly Slavic tradition, since non-Slavic ethnic groups in the area also practice it: Hungarians (\"\"hímestojás\"\"), Lithuanians (\"\"margutis\"\"), and Romanians (\"\"ouă vopsite\"\", \"\"incondeiate\"\" or \"\"impistrite\"\")). The pattern is often applied to an egg by the process of wax-resist, similar to batik. A stylus is used to apply hot wax to the shell of an egg, which is placed in a series of dye baths. The wax seals the dye into the egg; the colors",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
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"chunk_id": "18643276",
"chunk_text": "\"Twelve Panel (Fabergé egg)\"\nTwelve Panel (Fabergé egg) The Twelve Panel is a jewelled enameled Easter egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1899. The egg was made for Alexander Kelch, who presented it to his wife, Barbara (Varvara) Kelch-Bazanova. The egg was created by Peter Carl Faberge's workmaster, Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860-1903) and is crafted of yellow gold, rose-cut diamonds, portrait diamonds, translucent pink en green enamel and opaque white enamel. The upper and lower sections of the Egg are each divided into six panels by bands of matt-finished gold, overlaid with rows of pink enamel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4425144",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg rolling\"\nEgg rolling Egg rolling, or an Easter egg roll is a traditional game played with eggs at Easter. Different nations have different versions of the game, usually played with hard-boiled, decorated eggs. Starting in 1835, Jacob Grimm and other writers proposed that the pre-Christian Saxons had a spring goddess, Eostre, whose feast was held on the Vernal Equinox, around 21 March. Grimm also suggested that her symbolic animal was \"\"probably\"\" the spring hare, and that the egg symbolized the rebirth of the land in spring. Some claim that Pope Gregory the Great had ordered his missionaries to use old religious",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18487750",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg dance\"\nEgg dance An egg dance is a traditional Easter game in which eggs are laid on the ground or floor and the goal is to dance among them damaging as few as possible. The egg was a symbol of the rebirth of the earth in Pagan celebrations of spring and was adopted by early Christians as a symbol of the rebirth of man at Easter. Another form of egg dancing was a springtime game depicted in the painting of Pieter Aertsen. The goal was to roll an egg out of a bowl while keeping within a circle drawn by chalk",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "16144882",
"chunk_text": "Paas\nPaas Paas (trademarked as PAAS) is a brand of Easter egg dye. It is owned by Signature Brands, LLC. The original Paas Easter egg dye was invented by American William Townley, the owner of a drug store in Newark, New Jersey, where he concocted recipes for home products. In 1893, he figured out how to concentrate dye in tablet form and launched the modern Easter egg dyeing kit. The original price of each tablet was five cents, and customers would make the dye by combining the tablets with water and vinegar. Townley eventually renamed his business the Paas Dye Company.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
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"chunk_id": "8526380",
"chunk_text": "\"Fabergé egg\"\nFabergé egg A Fabergé egg (, \"\"yaytsa faberzhe\"\") is a jeweled egg (possibly numbering as many as 69, of which 57 survive today) created by the House of Fabergé, in St. Petersburg, Imperial Russia. Virtually all were manufactured under the supervision of Peter Carl Fabergé between 1885 and 1917, the most famous being the 50 \"\"Imperial\"\" eggs, 43 of which survive, made for the Russian Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II as Easter gifts for their wives and mothers. The first Fabergé egg was crafted for Tsar Alexander III, who had decided to give his wife, the Empress Maria Feodorovna,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18061235",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg hunt\"\nHowever, the Easter egg itself was defined by early Christians as an Easter symbol of the resurrection of Jesus: the egg symbol was likened to the tomb from which Christ arose. Lizette Larson-Miller, a professor with the Graduate Theological Union of Berkeley, traces the specific custom of the Easter egg hunt to the Protestant Christian Reformer Martin Luther, stating \"\"We know that Martin Luther had Easter egg hunts where the men hid the eggs for the women and children, and it probably has this connection back to this idea of eggs being the tomb.\"\" At least since the 17th century",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4425149",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg rolling\"\nevent, and is held on the White House South Lawn each Easter Monday for children (age 13 and younger) and their parents. It is hosted by the President of the United States and the First Lady of the United States. The Egg Roll is a race, where children push an egg through the grass with a long-handled spoon. Surrounding events include appearances by White House personalities in Easter Bunny costumes, speeches and book-reading by cabinet secretaries, and exhibits of artistically-decorated eggs. According to tradition, Dolley Madison, the wife of President James Madison, began the event in 1814 and hundreds of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4425153",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg rolling\"\nother traditions such as egg tapping and egg decorating. Egg rolling Egg rolling, or an Easter egg roll is a traditional game played with eggs at Easter. Different nations have different versions of the game, usually played with hard-boiled, decorated eggs. Starting in 1835, Jacob Grimm and other writers proposed that the pre-Christian Saxons had a spring goddess, Eostre, whose feast was held on the Vernal Equinox, around 21 March. Grimm also suggested that her symbolic animal was \"\"probably\"\" the spring hare, and that the egg symbolized the rebirth of the land in spring. Some claim that Pope Gregory the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15842028",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter traditions\"\nplant ryegrass in a pot as a symbol of spring and new life. After the grass has grown, many people put chick decorations on it. Children busy themselves painting eggs and making paper bunnies. Denmark has the gækkebrev tradition of sending relatives and friends artful paper cuttings, often with a snowdrop, and a rhyme with the letters of the sender's name replaced by dots. If the recipient guesses who sent it, the sender owes them a chocolate egg; and vice versa if they can't. The decorated letter custom was originally a means of proposal or courtship, but is now considered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10328851",
"chunk_text": "\"Pisanica (Croatian)\"\nPisanica (Croatian) Pisanica (pl. \"\"pisanice\"\") is a decorated Croatian Easter egg that comes from an old Slavic custom dating back to pagan times. During Easter, eggs would be painted with bright colors, and would be given as gifts, especially to young children or a significant other. Before paint became common, villagers would have to use whatever resources they had available around them to make the dyes and paints themselves. The most common color for eggs was red, due to the abundance of red beets and other vegetables. In the Međimurje area, soot would often be mixed with oak to make",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "11814360",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nexisted for at least 2,500 years. The sculptures on the walls of Persepolis show people carrying eggs for Nowruz to the king. The Neo-Pagan holiday of Ostara occurs at roughly the same time as Easter. While it is often claimed that the use of painted eggs is an ancient, pre-Christian component of the celebration of Ostara there are no historical accounts that the celebration of Ostara included this practice, apart from the Old High German lullaby which is believed by most to be a modern fabrication. Rather, the use of painted eggs has been adopted under the assumption that it",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
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"chunk_id": "11814430",
"chunk_text": "Easter\nUnited States holds an annual Easter egg roll on the White House lawn for young children. Since the rabbit is a pest in Australia, the Easter Bilby is available as an alternative. Easter eggs are a widely popular symbol of new life in Poland and other Slavic countries' folk traditions. A batik-like decorating process known as pisanka produces intricate, brilliantly-colored eggs. The celebrated House of Fabergé workshops created exquisite jewelled Easter eggs for the Russian Imperial family from 1885 to 1916. Easter Easter, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8226789",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg shoeing\"\nEgg shoeing Egg shoeing is an egg decorating technique. According to Hungarian oral traditions, egg shoeing was invented by village blacksmiths to prove their skills by creating an egg which was shod by miniature horseshoes. This technique is currently in decline due to the decreasing number of blacksmiths; it is mainly practiced in arts and crafts workshops, fairs and in the Szentendre open-air museum. The current world record holder of egg shoeing is the Hungarian József Koszpek, who used 1119 pieces in decorating an ostrich shell. He also holds various related records: 34 pieces of iron on a shoed parrot",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "8442063",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nare not painted on, but written with beeswax. Decorating eggs for Easter using wax resistant batik is a popular method in some other eastern European countries. In some Mediterranean countries, especially in Lebanon, chicken eggs are boiled and decorated by dye and/or painting and used as decoration around the house. Then, on Easter Day, young kids would duel with them saying 'Christ is resurrected, Indeed, He is', breaking and eating them. This also happens in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine. In Easter Sunday friends and family hit each other's egg with their own. The one whose",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "15604712",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nEaster. In the United Kingdom, Germany, and other countries children traditionally rolled eggs down hillsides at Easter. This tradition was taken to the New World by European settlers, and continues to this day each Easter with an Easter egg roll on the White House lawn. Different nations have different versions of the game. In the North of England, during Eastertide, a traditional game is played where hard boiled \"\"pace eggs\"\" are distributed and each player hits the other player's egg with their own. This is known as \"\"egg tapping\"\", \"\"egg dumping\"\", or \"\"egg jarping\"\". The winner is the holder of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "8526383",
"chunk_text": "\"Fabergé egg\"\neach contain a surprise, and that each be unique. Once Fabergé had approved an initial design, the work was carried out by a team of craftsmen, among them Michael Perkhin, Henrik Wigström and Erik August Kollin. After Alexander III's death on 1 November 1894, his son, Nicholas II, presented a Fabergé egg to both his wife, Alexandra Fedorovna, and his mother, the Dowager Empress Maria Fedorovna. Records have shown that of the 50 imperial Easter eggs, 20 were given to the former and 30 to the latter. Eggs were made each year except 1904 and 1905, during the Russo-Japanese War.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Egg decorating\"\nas a canvas has become so popular that special terms have developed with the art form. Egg artists also have their own guild, the International Egg Art Guild, which promotes the craft of egg artistry. In the United States there are shows in many states where artists show their eggs and vendors of \"\"egging\"\" supplies can be found. Each year, the White House chooses a decorated egg from each state to display at easter. Another type of egg decoration is egg shoeing, which requires goose eggs and miniature horse-shoes, made of iron or lead. The current world record of egg",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18061236",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg hunt\"\nthe idea of the Easter Bunny to bring the Easter eggs has been known. The novelty of the introduction of Easter egg hunts into England is evidenced by A. E. Housman's inaugural lecture as Professor of Latin at University College, London in 1892, in which he said, \"\"In Germany at Easter time they hide coloured eggs about the house and garden that the children may amuse themselves in discovering them.\"\" Reverend MaryJane Pierce Norton, Associate General Secretary of Leadership Ministries at the General Board of Discipleship, states that \"\"there’s something about going to hunt the eggs just as we might",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18319124",
"chunk_text": "\"The Egg Tree\"\nThe Egg Tree The Egg Tree is a 1950 book by Katherine Milhous that won the 1951 Caldecott Medal, based on the author's family tradition. It tells the classic tale of a Pennsylvania Dutch Easter, with its main characters being Katy and Carl. One day, near Easter, they look for Easter eggs and found eggs that their grandmother had painted on a tree. They were interested, so they ask their grandmother about the eggs. They eventually create one, and it becomes a big success the next Easter. The book \"\"The egg tree\"\" is an illustrated book, with the image of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2819055",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nboth bring gifts to children on the night before their respective holidays. The custom was first mentioned in Georg Franck von Franckenau's \"\"De ovis paschalibus\"\" ('About Easter Eggs') in 1682, referring to a German tradition of an Easter Hare bringing Easter eggs for the children. The hare was a popular motif in medieval church art. In ancient times, it was widely believed (as by Pliny, Plutarch, Philostratus, and Aelian) that the hare was a hermaphrodite. The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary, with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18113073",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter Fire\"\nmunicipality of Rijssen-Holten holds the world record with an Easter fire that measured high. Most of these fires take place in the provinces of Drenthe, Groningen, and Gelderland, with the largest being in Twente, a part of Overijssel. In Fredericksburg, Texas, each year the residents have Easter Fires the night before Easter, commemorating a peace treaty with the Comanche Indians. In 1847 when the original treaty was signed, the Comanches lit signal fires on the area hills. One mother calmed her children's fears, telling them the smoke came from the Easter Bunny who was dyeing eggs. Easter Fire Easter fires",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "18487723",
"chunk_text": "\"Egg tapping\"\nprisoner of war, Thomas Anbury, in Frederick Town in Maryland in 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. The local custom at that time was to dye the eggs with Logwood or Bloodwood to give them a crimson color which as Anbury observed gave them \"\"great strength\"\". Thomas Anbury was a young British officer who travelled extensively as a prisoner-of-war during the American Revolution. Anbury was near Frederick Town in Maryland, July 11, 1781, when he noted the egg picking custom which was prevalent at that time. By the mid-20th century, a Baltimore Maryland newspaper, the Evening Sun would devote an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2819054",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nEaster Bunny The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the \"\"Easter Hare\"\" originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes. In legend, the creature carries colored eggs in his basket, candy, and sometimes also toys to the homes of children, and as such shows similarities to Santa Claus or the Christkind, as they",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8442051",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nas amid the early cultures of Mesopotamia and Crete\"\". The practice of decorating eggshells as part of spring rituals is ancient, with decorated, engraved ostrich eggs found in Africa which are 60,000 years old. In the pre-dynastic period of Egypt and the early cultures of Mesopotamia and Crete, eggs were associated with death and rebirth, as well as with kingship, with decorated ostrich eggs, and representations of ostrich eggs in gold and silver, were commonly placed in graves of the ancient Sumerians and Egyptians as early as 5,000 years ago. These cultural relationships may have influenced early Christian and Islamic",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18274791",
"chunk_text": "Egging\ncake being made on their heads\"\". This was common in the 80s but not widely performed anymore, with a few exceptions, such as the Guarani FC midfielder José Fernando Fumagalli, that had eggs and wheat flour thrown by his team colleagues in his 40th birthday in 2017, along with his eventual retirement announcement. The tradition originated in the 1980s, in Mexico, where it was common to break \"\"\"\"cascarones\"\"\"\" (eggshells) on a person's head at their birthday party as a vow of good fortune. The eggs were usually filled with confetti and colored with dye or crayons. Egging Egging is the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11098737",
"chunk_text": "\"Fabergé egg\"\nevolved over time. An earlier chronology dated the Blue Serpent Clock Egg to 1887 and identified the egg of 1895 as the Twelve Monograms Egg. The discovery of the previously lost Third Imperial Easter Egg confirms the chronology below. Faberge was also commissioned to make twelve eggs for Alexander Ferdinandovich Kelch, a Siberian gold mine industrialist, as gifts for his wife Barbara (Varvara) Kelch-Bazanova. Though still \"\"Fabergé eggs\"\" by virtue of having been produced by his workshop, these eggs were not as elaborate as the imperial eggs, and were not unique in design. Most are copies of other eggs. Of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11367939",
"chunk_text": "\"Hatching (heraldry)\"\nHatching (heraldry) Hatchings are distinctive and systematic patterns of lines and dots used for designating heraldic tinctures or other colours on uncoloured surfaces, such as woodcuts or engravings, seals and coins. Several systems of hatchings were developed during the Renaissance as an alternative to tricking, the earlier method of indicating heraldic tinctures by use of written abbreviations. The present day hatching system was developed during the 1630s by Silvester Petra Sancta and Marcus Vulson de la Colombière. Some earlier hatching methods were also developed, but did not come into wide use. Hatching developed as a method of screening used by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9746511",
"chunk_text": "\"Mauve (Fabergé egg)\"\nMauve (Fabergé egg) The Mauve egg is a jewelled Easter egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1898, for Nicholas II of Russia, who presented it to his mother, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna on April 18, 1897. One of seven eggs which are currently lost, Fabergé billed Nicholas II for the egg, described as a \"\"mauve enamel egg, with 3 miniatures\"\" on May 17, 1897 for 3,250 rubles. The surprise is a heart shaped photo frame that opened as a three-leaf clover with each leaf containing three miniature portraits of Nicholas II, his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
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{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8442060",
"chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\non Thursday (also the day of Communion). These ceremonial eggs are known as kokkina avga. They also bake tsoureki for the Easter Sunday feast. Red Easter eggs are sometimes served along the centerline of tsoureki (braided loaf of bread). In Egypt, it's a tradition to decorate boiled eggs during Sham el-Nessim holiday, which falls every year after the Eastern Christian Easter. The dying of Easter eggs in different colours is commonplace, with colour being achieved through boiling the egg in natural substances (such as, onion peel (brown colour), oak or alder bark or walnut nutshell (black), beet juice (pink) etc.),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3098264",
"chunk_text": "\"Twelve Panel (Fabergé egg)\"\nFeodorovna. 3. Mosaic, Gift of Nicholas II to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Twelve Panel (Fabergé egg) The Twelve Panel is a jewelled enameled Easter egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1899. The egg was made for Alexander Kelch, who presented it to his wife, Barbara (Varvara) Kelch-Bazanova. The egg was created by Peter Carl Faberge's workmaster, Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860-1903) and is crafted of yellow gold, rose-cut diamonds, portrait diamonds, translucent pink en green enamel and opaque white enamel. The upper and lower sections of the Egg are each divided into six panels",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11292950",
"chunk_text": "\"Bay Tree (Fabergé egg)\"\nVekselberg Collection, owned by The Link of Times Foundation and housed in the Fabergé Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Bay Tree (Fabergé egg) The Bay Tree egg (also known as the Orange Tree egg) is a jewelled nephrite and enameled Easter egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1911, for Nicholas II of Russia who presented the egg to his mother, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, on 12 April 1911. Its 1911 counterpart, presented to the Empress, is the Fifteenth Anniversary egg. Turning a tiny lever disguised as a fruit, hidden among the leaves",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3888493",
"chunk_text": "\"Francis Dennis Ramsay\"\nthe 20th century (Annigoni subsequently became a godfather to Ramsay’s younger son, Justin). Ramsay’s training included drawing, both in pencil and in china ink, as well as water colour. However, much of his time as a pupil of Annigoni involved oil tempera (or tempera grassa, i.e. egg-oil) – originally a 16th-century technique which entails meticulous time consuming work and which was revived in Italy during the 1930s by Dr Nikolai Lokoff (Николай Николаевич Лохов 1872–1948 ), an exiled Russian industrial chemist and amateur painter. With the egg acting as an emulsifier, the technique allows water to be mixed with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_948
|
why was hong kong important to the british empire?
|
n/a
|
[
"a centre for international trade"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3751842",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\nBritish Hong Kong British Hong Kong denotes the period during which Hong Kong was governed as a colony and British Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom. Excluding the Japanese occupation during the Second World War, Hong Kong was under British rule from 1841 to 1997. The colonial period began with the occupation of Hong Kong Island in 1841 during the First Opium War. The island was ceded by Qing China in the aftermath of the war in 1842 and established as a Crown colony in 1843. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10679558",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong Island\"\nHong Kong Island Hong Kong Island () is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong. It has a population of 1,289,500 and its population density is 16,390/km², . The island had a population of about 3,000 inhabitants scattered in a dozen fishing villages when it was occupied by the United Kingdom in the First Opium War. In 1842, the island was formally ceded in perpetuity to the UK under the Treaty of Nanking and the City of Victoria was then established on the island by the British Force in honour of Queen Victoria. The Central area on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4033651",
"chunk_text": "\"Battle of Hong Kong\"\nBattle of Hong Kong The Battle of Hong Kong (8–25 December 1941), also known as the Defence of Hong Kong and the Fall of Hong Kong, was one of the first battles of the Pacific War in World War II. On the same morning as the attack on Pearl Harbor, forces of the Empire of Japan attacked the British Crown colony of Hong Kong. The attack was in violation of international law as Japan had not declared war against the British Empire. The Hong Kong garrison consisted of British, Indian and Canadian units besides Chinese soldiers and conscripts from both",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3751850",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\nIn the Treaty of Tientsin, the Chinese accepted British demands to open more ports, navigate the Yangtze River, legalise the opium trade and have diplomatic representation in Beijing. During the conflict, the British occupied the Kowloon Peninsula, where the flat land was valuable training and resting ground. The area in what is now south of Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island was ceded in the Convention of Peking. In 1898, the British sought to extend Hong Kong for defence. After negotiations began in April 1898, with the British Minister in Beijing, Sir Claude MacDonald, representing Britain, and diplomat Li Hongzhang leading",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3751870",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\nbeginning of the emergence of a Hong Kong identity, changed the attitude of the local Chinese. They overwhelmingly rallied around the colonial British regime. British Hong Kong British Hong Kong denotes the period during which Hong Kong was governed as a colony and British Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom. Excluding the Japanese occupation during the Second World War, Hong Kong was under British rule from 1841 to 1997. The colonial period began with the occupation of Hong Kong Island in 1841 during the First Opium War. The island was ceded by Qing China in the aftermath of the war",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11923809",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong\"\nHong Kong Hong Kong (; ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China. With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities in a territory, Hong Kong is the world's fourth-most-densely-populated region. Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after Qing China ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War, and was further extended when Britain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3751843",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\nand was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Although Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded in perpetuity, the leased area, which comprised 92 per cent of the territory, had such a vital role in the economy that Britain agreed to transfer the entire colony to China upon the expiration of that lease in 1997. The transfer has been considered by many as marking the end of the British Empire. In 1836, the Manchu Qing government undertook a major policy review of the opium trade. Lin Zexu volunteered to take on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2504954",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Hong Kong\"\nthe British had grown increasingly worried about the security of their free port at Hong Kong. It was an isolated island, surrounded by areas still under Chinese control. The British decided the answer would be to lease a buffer zone around Hong Kong that would make the island less vulnerable to invasion. In 1860, at the end of the Second Opium War, the UK gained a perpetual lease over the Kowloon Peninsula, which is the mainland Chinese area just across the strait from Hong Kong Island. This agreement was part of the Convention of Beijing that ended that conflict. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2504948",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Hong Kong\"\nBy the early 19th century, the British Empire trade was heavily dependent upon the importation of tea from China. While the British exported to China luxury items like clocks and watches, there remained an overwhelming imbalance in trade. China developed a strong demand for silver, which was a difficult commodity for the British to come by in large quantities. The counterbalance of trade came with exports of opium to China, opium being legal in Britain and grown in significant quantities in the UK and later in far greater quantities in India. A Chinese commissioner Lin Zexu voiced to Queen Victoria",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19540750",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)\"\nHistory of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s) Hong Kong (1800s–1930s) was a period largely dominated by the British Empire. After invading the territory in 19th century during the Opium War, the British gained land in a series of unequal treaties. Hong Kong became one of the first parts of East Asia to undergo industrialisation. China was the main supplier of its native tea to the British, whose annual domestic consumption reached in 1830, an average of per head of population. From the British economic standpoint, Chinese tea was a crucial item since it provided massive wealth for the taipansforeign (especially British) businessmen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3751867",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\none of the colony's wealthiest people by this time. During China's turbulent period in the 20th century, Hong Kong served as a safe haven for dissidents, political refugees, and officials who lost power. British policy allowed dissidents to live in Hong Kong as long as they did not break local laws or harm British interests. The implementation of this policy varied according to what the senior officials thought constituted British interests and the state of relations with China. The Canton–Hong Kong strike (1925–1926) was anti-imperialist in nature. The 1966 riots and Maoist-led 1967 riots, essentially spillovers from the Cultural Revolution,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7764287",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong independence\"\nJuly 2016, nearly 40% of Hongkongers aged 15 to 24 supported the territory becoming an independent entity, whereas 17.4% of the overall respondents supported independence, despite only 3.6% stating that they think it is \"\"possible\"\". Hong Kong Island was first ceded as a crown colony to the United Kingdom from the Qing Empire in 1841 during the First Opium War. The other parts of Hong Kong, Kowloon and the New Territories were ceded permanently and leased for 99 years to Britain in 1860 Convention of Peking and 1898 Second Convention of Peking respectively. Although the Chinese government, governed by the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14928659",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong\"\ndestroyed opium stockpiles and halted all foreign trade, forcing a British military response and triggering the First Opium War. The Qing surrendered early in the war and ceded Hong Kong Island in the Convention of Chuenpi. However, both countries were dissatisfied and did not ratify the agreement. After over a year of further hostilities, Hong Kong Island was formally ceded to the United Kingdom in the 29 August 1842 Treaty of Nanking. The colony was further expanded in 1898, when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories. The University of Hong Kong was established in 1911 as the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3751866",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\ncentre for international trade. In the colony's first decade, the revenue from the opium trade was a key source of government funds. The importance of opium reduced over time, but the colonial government was dependent on its revenues until the Japanese occupation in 1941. Although the largest businesses in the early colony were operated by British, American, and other expatriates, Chinese workers provided the bulk of the manpower to build a new port city. By the late 1980s, many ethnic Chinese people had become major business figures in Hong Kong. Amongst these billionaires was Sir Ka-shing Li, who had become",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3751848",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\nwhere the Union Jack was raised under a \"\"feu de joie\"\" from the marines and a royal salute from the warships. Hong Kong was ceded in the Treaty of Nanking on 29 August 1842 and established as a Crown colony after ratification was exchanged on 26 June 1843. The treaty failed to satisfy British expectations of a major expansion of trade and profit, which led to increasing pressure for a revision of the terms. In October 1856, Chinese authorities in Canton detained the \"\"Arrow\"\", a Chinese-owned ship registered in Hong Kong to enjoy protection of the British flag. The Consul",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4970915",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong Island\"\nthe first year of the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty (1573), it was the territory of Xin'an County until it was ceded to the United Kingdom. ( source of information: https://www.amo.gov.hk/en/archaeology_work.php) Hong Kong island became a colony of the British Empire when their forces defeated the Chinese in the First Opium War (1839-1842). The island was populated by only a few thousand people when British empire colonized it, and was thus described as being almost uninhabited. The Second World War was a dark period for Hong Kong. In the 1930s, the British anticipated a Japanese attack on Hong Kong.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2521524",
"chunk_text": "\"British Empire\"\nthe Qing dynasty in 1729, helped reverse the trade imbalances resulting from the British imports of tea, which saw large outflows of silver from Britain to China. In 1839, the confiscation by the Chinese authorities at Canton of 20,000 chests of opium led Britain to attack China in the First Opium War, and resulted in the seizure by Britain of Hong Kong Island, at that time a minor settlement. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the British Crown began to assume an increasingly large role in the affairs of the Company. A series of Acts of Parliament were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17079843",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations\"\na deeply important role in the formation of the modern Hong Kong. Sovereignty of Hong Kong was ceded to the UK \"\"in perpetuity\"\" on 29 August 1842 through the Treaty of Nanking. The UK further expanded the territory of Hong Kong in 1860 by another cessation, plus a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. The stability, security, and predictability of British law and government enabled Hong Kong to flourish as a centre for international trade. Localisation of teritary institutions, the Hong Kong government and the independent Judiciary in the run-up to the 1997 Handover of sovereignty, caused a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6758004",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong independence\"\nHong Kong independence Hong Kong independence () is a movement that advocates Hong Kong becoming an independent sovereign state. Hong Kong is a special administrative region (SAR) which enjoys a high degree of autonomy under the People's Republic of China (PRC), guaranteed under Article 2 of Hong Kong Basic Law as ratified under the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Since the transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the PRC in 1997, some Hongkongers have been concerned about Beijing's growing encroachment on the territory's freedoms and the failure of the Hong Kong government to deliver \"\"genuine democracy\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19296069",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\nEmpire. In 1861, Governor Sir Hercules Robinson introduced the Hong Kong Cadetship, which recruited young graduates from Britain to learn Cantonese and written Chinese for two years, before deploying them on a fast track to the Civil Service. Cadet officers gradually formed the backbone of the civil administration. After the Second World War, ethnic Chinese were allowed into the service, followed by women. Cadets were renamed Administrative Officers in the 1950s, and they remained the elite of the Civil Service during British rule. The stability, security, and predictability of British law and government enabled Hong Kong to flourish as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2320566",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)\"\nwas first used by the British as a staging post during the war, and while the East India Company intended to establish a permanent base on the island of Zhoushan, Elliot took it upon himself to claim the island on a permanent basis. The ostensible authority for the occupation was negotiated between Captain Eliot and the Viceroy of Liangguang, the Manchu official Qishan. The Convention of Chuenpi was concluded but had not been recognised by the Qing Dynasty court at Beijing. Subsequently, Hong Kong Island was ceded to Britain in 1842 under the Treaty of Nanking, when the territory became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3751847",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\nthe Convention of Chuenpi during the First Opium War. On 20 January, Elliot announced \"\"the conclusion of preliminary arrangements\"\", which included the cession of Hong Kong Island and its harbour to the British Crown. Elliot chose Hong Kong instead of Chusan because he believed a settlement further east would cause an \"\"indefinite protraction of hostilities\"\", whereas Hong Kong's harbour was a valuable base for the British trading community in Canton. British rule began with the occupation of the island on 26 January. Commodore Gordon Bremer, commander-in-chief of British forces in China, took formal possession of the island at Possession Point,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2504949",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Hong Kong\"\nthe Qing state's opposition to the opium trade. The First Opium War which ensued lasted from 1839 to 1842. Britain occupied the island of Hong Kong on 25 January 1841 and used it as a military staging point. China was defeated and was forced to cede Hong Kong to Britain in the Treaty of Nanking signed on 29 August 1842. Hong Kong became a Crown Colony of the British Empire. Christian missionaries founded many schools and churches in Hong Kong. St Stephen's Anglican Church located in West Point was founded by the Church Mission Society in 1865. Ying Wa Girls'",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13681984",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day\"\nusually held on the evening of 1 July in Victoria Harbour. Hong Kong's territory was acquired by United Kingdom from China through three separate treaties: the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, the Treaty of Beijing in 1860, and The Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory in 1898, which gave the UK the control of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon (area south of Boundary Street), and the New Territories (area north of Boundary Street and south of the Shenzhen River, and outlying islands), respectively. Although Hong Kong Island and Kowloon had been ceded to the United Kingdom in perpetuity, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2521479",
"chunk_text": "\"British Empire\"\nBritish Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered , of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19296059",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\nJapanese colony, with Japanese businesses replacing the British. However, the Japanese Empire had severe logistical difficulties and by 1943 the food supply for Hong Kong was problematic. The overlords became more brutal and corrupt, and the Chinese gentry became disenchanted. With the surrender of Japan, the transition back to British rule was smooth, for on the mainland the Nationalist and Communist forces were preparing for a civil war and ignored Hong Kong. In the long run the occupation strengthened the pre-war social and economic order among the Chinese business community by eliminating some conflicts of interests and reducing the prestige",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10061956",
"chunk_text": "\"Britons in Hong Kong\"\nnot have that right), and China does not recognise Hong Kong-born ethnic Chinese BN(O)s as British nationals. However, BN(O) are considered British outside China. The first British presence in the area was the British East India Company, which started trading in the area in 1699 and set up a trading post in Canton in 1711. The British captured Hong Kong Island in 1841 during the First Opium War and were officially ceded the territory in 1842 under the Treaty of Nanking. Over the next 150 years Britons came to Hong Kong in relatively large numbers—many to work in the colony's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13730926",
"chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Nanking\"\nQing government agreed to make Hong Kong Island a crown colony, ceding it to the British Queen \"\"in perpetuity\"\" (, \"\"Cháng yuǎn\"\", in the Chinese version of the treaty), to provide British traders with a harbour where they could \"\"careen and refit their ships and keep stores for that purpose\"\" (Article III). Pottinger was later appointed the first governor of Hong Kong. In 1860, the colony was extended with the Kowloon peninsula and in 1898, the Second Convention of Peking further expanded the colony with the 99-year lease of the New Territories. In 1984, the governments of the United Kingdom",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9024583",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Hong Kong under Imperial China\"\nHistory of Hong Kong under Imperial China The History of Hong Kong under Imperial China began in 214 BC during the Qin dynasty. The territory remained largely unoccupied until the later years of the Qing dynasty when Imperial China ceded the region to Great Britain under the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, whereupon Hong Kong became a British Colony. Prior to the Qin dynasty, the area was populated by a large family of non-Chinese tribes known as the Yue people (). Little is known for certain about the Yue people other than from information gleaned from ancient Chinese records and modern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11616334",
"chunk_text": "\"Handover of Hong Kong\"\nin India, convert it into opium, trade the opium in China for tea, and sell the tea back in Britain. Opium sales were highly successful and the drugs were being pushed into China at a ridiculous scale. The United Kingdom obtained control over portions of Hong Kong's territory through three treaties with Qing China: Despite the finite nature of the New Territories lease, this portion of the colony was developed just as rapidly as, and became highly integrated with, the rest of Hong Kong. By the time of serious negotiations over the future status of Hong Kong in the 1980s,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7161997",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations\"\nHong Kong–United Kingdom relations Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations refers to international relations between the post-colonial Hong Kong and the United Kingdom. UK policy toward Hong Kong is underpinned by its substantial commercial interests, and fulfilling obligation as the other signatory of Sino–British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong, in addition to support Hong Kong's mini-constitution, the Basic Law, and in accordance with China's policy of observing \"\"one country, two systems\"\". The United Kingdom and the group of offshore islands in the southeastern Pearl River Delta that is today known as Hong Kong have had a long history, playing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8608975",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong\"\nterritory's first higher-education institute. Kai Tak Airport began operation in 1924, and the colony avoided a prolonged economic downturn after the 1925–26 Canton–Hong Kong strike. At the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Governor Geoffry Northcote declared Hong Kong a neutral zone to safeguard its status as a free port. The colonial government prepared for a possible attack, evacuating all British women and children in 1940. The Imperial Japanese Army attacked Hong Kong on 8 December 1941, the same morning as its attack on Pearl Harbor. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan for almost four years before Britain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17189663",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)\"\nforce to the region. The First Opium War (1839–1842) began at the hands of Captain Charles Elliot of the Royal Navy and Capt. Anthony Blaxland Stransham of the Royal Marines. After a series of Chinese defeats, Hong Kong Island was occupied by the British on 20 January 1841. Sir Edward Belcher, aboard HMS \"\"Sulphur\"\", landed in Hong Kong on 25 January 1841. Possession Street still exists to mark the event. Commodore Sir Gordon Bremer raised the Union Jack and claimed Hong Kong as a colony on 26 January 1841. He erected naval store sheds there in April 1841. The island",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "217592",
"chunk_text": "\"Handover of Hong Kong\"\ncentury on the site of an earlier 17th century watch post on the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong. After the ceding of Hong Kong Island to Britain in 1842 (Treaty of Nanjing), Manchu Qing Dynasty authorities of China felt it necessary for them to establish a military and administrative post to rule the area and to check further British influence in the area. The 1898 Convention which handed additional parts of Hong Kong (the New Territories) to Britain for 99 years excluded the Walled City, with a population of roughly 700. It stated that China could continue to keep troops",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5224469",
"chunk_text": "\"Westernisation in Hong Kong\"\nWesternisation in Hong Kong After the First Opium War in 1842, China ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain under the Nanking Treaty. Subsequently in 1898, China leased the lands surrounding Hong Kong Island which includes the New Territories, the Kowloon peninsula and outlying islands to Britain rent free for 99 years under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory following China's defeat in the First Sino Japanese War. These unequal treaties has granted Britain the power to colonise the whole of Hong Kong. Even though Hong Kong was eventually handed back to China at the handover in 1997,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2521485",
"chunk_text": "\"British Empire\"\nIn the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East and Southeast Asia were occupied by Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped to accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence as part of a larger decolonisation movement in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the empire. The transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire. Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3751845",
"chunk_text": "\"British Hong Kong\"\nthat the Chinese should be made to pay for the destruction of British property, either by the threat or use of force. An expeditionary force was placed under Elliot and his cousin, Rear-Admiral George Elliot, as joint plenipotentiaries in 1840. Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston stressed to the Chinese government that the British government did not question China's right to prohibit opium, but it objected to the way this was handled. He viewed the sudden strict enforcement as laying a trap for the foreign traders, and the confinement of the British with supplies cut off was tantamount to starving them into",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19280086",
"chunk_text": "\"New Territories\"\nceded to Britain in 1842 and Kowloon south of Boundary Street and Stonecutters Island in 1860. The colony of Hong Kong attracted a large number of Chinese and Westerners to seek their fortune in the city. Its population increased rapidly and the city became overcrowded. The outbreak of bubonic plague in 1894 became a concern to the Hong Kong Government. There was a need to expand the colony to accommodate its growing population. The Qing Dynasty's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War had shown that it was incapable of defending itself. Victoria City and Victoria Harbour were vulnerable to any",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7764325",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong independence\"\nLaw. Reasons cited in favour of maintaining Hong Kong as part of China include: Hong Kong independence Hong Kong independence () is a movement that advocates Hong Kong becoming an independent sovereign state. Hong Kong is a special administrative region (SAR) which enjoys a high degree of autonomy under the People's Republic of China (PRC), guaranteed under Article 2 of Hong Kong Basic Law as ratified under the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Since the transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the PRC in 1997, some Hongkongers have been concerned about Beijing's growing encroachment on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3496763",
"chunk_text": "\"Japanese occupation of Hong Kong\"\nJapanese occupation of Hong Kong The Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (香港日據時期) began when the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, surrendered the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to the Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. The surrender occurred after 18 days of fierce fighting against the overwhelming Japanese forces that had invaded the territory. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan surrendered at the end of Second World War. The length of this period (三年零八個月) later became a metonym of the occupation. During the Imperial Japanese military's full-scale invasion of China",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11923811",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong\"\nsevere income inequality. The territory has the largest number of skyscrapers in the world, most surrounding Victoria Harbour. Hong Kong ranks seventh on the UN Human Development Index, and has the seventh-longest life expectancy in the world. Although over 90 per cent of its population uses public transportation, air pollution from neighbouring industrial areas of mainland China has resulted in a high level of atmospheric particulates. The name of the territory, first spelled \"\"He-Ong-Kong\"\" in 1780, originally referred to a small inlet between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Aberdeen was an initial point of contact",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10251441",
"chunk_text": "\"Australia–Hong Kong relations\"\nAustralia–Hong Kong relations Australia–Hong Kong relations refers to international relations between Australia and Hong Kong. Australia has extensive and enduring interests in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Commonwealth of Australia supports Hong Kong's \"\"high degree of autonomy\"\" under Chinese sovereignty as provided for by the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Hong Kong's mini-constitution, the Basic Law, and in accordance with China's policy of observing \"\"one country, two systems\"\". Both colonies Australia and Hong Kong established by the British Empire in 1788 and 1841, which also on 26 January. Australian gold rushes in the 1850s was the first interaction between Australians",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11616332",
"chunk_text": "\"Handover of Hong Kong\"\nHandover of Hong Kong The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, commonly known as the handover of Hong Kong (or simply \"\"the Handover\"\", also \"\"the Return\"\" in mainland China) was the transition of control over the former British colony of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. The returned territory comprised Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, which were respectively ceded to Britain in 1842 and 1860, as well as the New Territories, which were leased for 99 years from 1898. The transfer was arranged to coincide with the expiration",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4924352",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict\"\nis believed to be the result of the aforementioned conflicts. The recent conflicts (anchor babies, D&G crisis, and parallel trading) further contributed to the rise of local awareness in self-identity. There are differences in culture and political backgrounds between those from Hong Kong and China. Hong Kong was ruled by the British based on the system of letters patent from the 1850s to 1997, whereas China was under the control of the Chinese Communist Party from 1949 onwards. The education that people received, the culture, and lifestyle were very different which lead to the cultural conflicts. Some Hong Kong people",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4048671",
"chunk_text": "\"Bilingualism in Hong Kong\"\nKong when the Chinese population of the colony grew. Hong Kong's population reached 6.99 million in 2006, of which approximately 95% are of Chinese descent, the majority of which was Cantonese, Hakka, and Teochew. Hong Kong became a crown colony of the United Kingdom in 1840, and was established as a free port to serve as an entrepôt of the British Empire. The government officials and businessmen from Britain spoke English. The British administration in Hong Kong continued to use English as an official language, but added Chinese (Cantonese) as another official language in 1974. Following the 1997 transfer, English",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17189660",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Hong Kong (1800s–1930s)\"\nin Chinawhile the duty on tea accounted for 10% of the government's income. Since the ill-fated Macartney Mission of 1793, British diplomats resented performing kowtow as a form of obsequience to the Emperor of China. Many considered it a religious rite and although they insisted on being treated as equals, the British and other foreign nationals were seen by the Qing Emperor and court officials as uncivilised foreigners only there to acquire tea, silk and other Chinese goods. At the time, China's social structure, as dictated by Confucian tradition, looked down on merchants, ranking them below farmers and above slaves,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19657750",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong Canadians\"\nand settled in Hong Kong for a short while before migrating to North America. In 1984, the Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed which largely shaped the future politics and economy of Hong Kong. The then British colony would become a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Many people in Hong Kong at the time perceived a negative image of the China's government which was largely influenced by their experience with the illegal immigrants from the Canton province who smuggled into Hong Kong in the hope of finding freedom and better living standard than the lives ruled by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2291056",
"chunk_text": "\"Hong Kong English\"\nHong Kong English Hong Kong English () is the dialect of the English language most commonly used in Hong Kong. The dialect is a result of Hong Kong's British overseas territory history and the influence of native Cantonese speakers. Being a former British colony, Hong Kong predominantly uses British spellings. Pronunciations and words are also predominantly British, although influences from American, Canadian and Australian English do exist as a result of Hollywood movies, TV and Internet culture. In fact, a lot of Hong Kong Chinese families migrated to (in alphabetical order) Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10034341",
"chunk_text": "\"Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory\"\nConvention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory The Convention between the United Kingdom and China, Respecting an Extension of Hong Kong Territory, commonly known as the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory or the Second Convention of Peking, was a lease signed between Qing China and the United Kingdom on 9 June 1898. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China now keeps the original copy of the Convention in the National Palace Museum in Taiwan. In the wake of China's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (18941895), the British took advantage of the other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5411920",
"chunk_text": "\"British Empire\"\nprotectorate, gained its independence. In September 1982 the Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, travelled to Beijing to negotiate with the Chinese government, on the future of Britain's last major and most populous overseas territory, Hong Kong. Under the terms of the 1842 Treaty of Nanking and 1860 Convention of Peking, Hong Kong Island and Kowloon Peninsula had been respectively ceded to Britain \"\"in perpetuity\"\", but the vast majority of the colony was constituted by the New Territories, which had been acquired under a 99-year lease in 1898, due to expire in 1997. Thatcher, seeing parallels with the Falkland Islands, initially wished",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_949
|
where does cleavage of the peptide bond by chymotrypsin occur?
|
n/a
|
[
"digestive systems"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "888861",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsin\nturn, aminic group (-NH3) of the Ile16 residue interacts with the side chain of Glu194, producing the \"\"oxyanion hole\"\" and the hydrophobic \"\"S1 pocket\"\". Moreover, chymotrypsin induces its own activation by cleaving in positions 14-15, 146-147, and 148-149, producing α-chymotrypsin (which is more active and stable than π-chymotrypsin). The resulting molecule is a three-polypeptide molecule interconnected via disulfide bonds. \"\"In vivo\"\", chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme (serine protease) acting in the digestive systems of many organisms. It facilitates the cleavage of peptide bonds by a hydrolysis reaction, which despite being thermodynamically favorable, occurs extremely slowly in the absence of a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15519032",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsin\nChymotrypsin Chymotrypsin (, chymotrypsins A and B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin A, alpha-chymotrypsin) is a digestive enzyme component of pancreatic juice acting in the duodenum, where it performs proteolysis, the breakdown of proteins and polypeptides. Chymotrypsin preferentially cleaves peptide amide bonds where the side chain of the amino acid N-terminal to the scissile amide bond (the P position) is a large hydrophobic amino acid (tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine). These amino acids contain an aromatic ring in their side chain that fits into a hydrophobic pocket (the S position) of the enzyme. It is activated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "888862",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsin\ncatalyst. The main substrates of chymotrypsin are peptide bonds in which the amino acid N-terminal to the bond is a tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, or leucine. Like many proteases, chymotrypsin also hydrolyses amide bonds \"\"in vitro\"\", a virtue that enabled the use of substrate analogs such as N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine p-nitrophenyl amide for enzyme assays. Chymotrypsin cleaves peptide bonds by attacking the unreactive carbonyl group with a powerful nucleophile, the serine 195 residue located in the active site of the enzyme, which briefly becomes covalently bonded to the substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate intermediate. Along with histidine 57 and aspartic acid 102, this serine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "888865",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsin\nin the oxyanion hole. This forms a tetrahedral adduct and breakage of the peptide bond. An acyl-enzyme intermediate, bound to the serine, is formed, and the newly formed amino terminus of the cleaved protein can dissociate. In the second reaction step, a water molecule is activated by the basic histidine, and acts as a nucleophile. The oxygen of water attacks the carbonyl carbon of the serine-bound acyl group, resulting in formation of a second tetrahedral adduct, regeneration of the serine -OH group, and release of a proton, as well as the protein fragment with the newly formed carboxyl terminus Chymotrypsin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11715530",
"chunk_text": "\"Active site\"\ncomplex and release the second SG anion. It receives one proton in solution and forms the second glutathione monomer. Chymotrypsin is a serine endopeptidase that always presents in pancreatic juice and helps the hydrolysis of proteins and peptide. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in L-isomers of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan.In the active site of this enzyme three amino acid residues work together to form a catalytic triad which forms the catalytic site.In chymotrypsin, these enzymes are ser-195, His-157 and Asp-102. The mechanism of chymotrypsin can be divided into two phases. Firstly Serine-195 nucleophilically attacks the carbon in peptide",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15519033",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsin\nin the presence of trypsin. The hydrophobic and shape complementarity between the peptide substrate P side chain and the enzyme S binding cavity accounts for the substrate specificity of this enzyme. Chymotrypsin also hydrolyzes other amide bonds in peptides at slower rates, particularly those containing leucine and methionine at the P position. Structurally, it is the archetypal structure for its superfamily, the PA clan of proteases. Chymotrypsin is synthesized in the pancreas by protein biosynthesis as a precursor called chymotrypsinogen that is enzymatically inactive. Trypsin activates chymotrypsinogen by cleaving peptidic bonds in positions Arg15 - Ile16 and produces π-chymotrypsin. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "888863",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsin\nresidue constitutes the catalytic triad of the active site. These findings rely on inhibition assays and the study of the kinetics of cleavage of the aforementioned substrate, exploiting the fact that the enzyme-substrate intermediate \"\"p\"\"-nitrophenolate has a yellow colour, enabling measurement of its concentration by measuring light absorbance at 410 nm. The reaction of chymotrypsin with its substrate was found to take place in two stages, an initial “burst” phase at the beginning of the reaction and a steady-state phase following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The mode of action of chymotrypsin explains this as hydrolysis takes place in two steps. First, acylation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "888864",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsin\nof the substrate to form an acyl-enzyme intermediate, and then deacylation to return the enzyme to its original state. This occurs via the concerted action of the three-amino-acid residues in the catalytic triad. Aspartate hydrogen bonds to the N-δ hydrogen of histidine, increasing the pKa of its ε nitrogen, thus making it able to deprotonate serine. This deprotonation allows the serine side chain to act as a nucleophile and bind to the electron-deficient carbonyl carbon of the protein main chain. Ionization of the carbonyl oxygen is stabilized by formation of two hydrogen bonds to adjacent main chain N-hydrogens. This occurs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11002893",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsinogen\nany other organs. It is activated into its active form by another enzyme called trypsin. This active form is called π-chymotrypsin and is used to create α-chymotrypsin. Trypsin cleaves the peptide bond in chymotrypsinogen between arginine-15 and isoleucine-16. This creates two peptides within π-chymotrypsin molecule held together by a disulfide bond. One of the π-chymotrypsins acts on another by breaking a leucine and serine peptide bond. The activated π-chymotrypsin reacts with other π-chymotrypsin molecules to cleave out two dipeptides, which are, serine-14–arginine-15 and threonine-147–asparagine-148. This reaction yields the α-chymotrypsin. The yield of α-chymotrypsin can be affected by inhibitors such as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7149637",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsinogen\nhydrocinnate and also by pH, temperature and calcium chloride. The activation process can be studied using fluorescence probe 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS). TNS forms covalent bonds with chymotrypsinogen and as the bonds break to from chymotrypsin in the presence of trypsin the fluorescence increases. Chymotrypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen is an inactive precursor (zymogen) of chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme which breaks proteins down into smaller peptides. Chymotrypsinogen is a single polypeptide chain consisting of 245 amino acid residues. It is synthesized in the acinar cells of the pancreas and stored inside membrane-bounded granules at the apex of the acinar cell. Release of the granules from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "862011",
"chunk_text": "\"Serine protease\"\nSerine protease Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins, in which serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like. In humans, they are responsible for coordinating various physiological functions, including digestion, immune response, blood coagulation and reproduction. The MEROPS protease classification system counts 16 superfamilies (as of 2013) each containing many families. Each superfamily uses the catalytic triad or dyad in a different protein fold and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14085263",
"chunk_text": "Proteolysis\namino acids so they can be absorbed by the intestines, and the absorbed tripeptides and dipeptides are also further broken into amino acids intracellularly before they enter the bloodstream. Different enzymes have different specificity for their substrate; trypsin, for example, cleaves the peptide bond after a positively charged residue (arginine and lysine); chymotrypsin cleaves the bond after an aromatic residue (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan); elastase cleaves the bond after a small non-polar residue such as alanine or glycine. In order to prevent inappropriate or premature activation of the digestive enzymes (they may, for example, trigger pancreatic self-digestion causing pancreatitis), these",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7149635",
"chunk_text": "Chymotrypsinogen\nChymotrypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen is an inactive precursor (zymogen) of chymotrypsin, a digestive enzyme which breaks proteins down into smaller peptides. Chymotrypsinogen is a single polypeptide chain consisting of 245 amino acid residues. It is synthesized in the acinar cells of the pancreas and stored inside membrane-bounded granules at the apex of the acinar cell. Release of the granules from the cell is stimulated by either a hormonal signal or a nerve impulse, and the granules spill into a duct leading into the duodenum. Chymotrypsinogen must be inactive until it gets to the digestive tract. This prevents damage to the pancreas or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3516514",
"chunk_text": "Trypsin\nTrypsin Trypsin () is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins. Trypsin is formed in the small intestine when its proenzyme form, the trypsinogen produced by the pancreas, is activated. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine, except when either is followed by proline. It is used for numerous biotechnological processes. The process is commonly referred to as trypsin proteolysis or trypsinisation, and proteins that have been digested/treated with trypsin are said to have been trypsinized. Trypsin was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20799699",
"chunk_text": "Serpin\ninserting into β-sheet A, forming an extra antiparallel β-strand. This converts the serpin from a stressed state, to a lower-energy relaxed state (S to R transition). Serine and cysteine proteases catalyse peptide bond cleavage by a two-step process. Initially, the catalytic residue of the active site triad performs a nucleophilic attack on the peptide bond of the substrate. This releases the new N-terminus and forms a covalent ester-bond between the enzyme and the substrate. This covalent complex between enzyme and substrate is called an acyl-enzyme intermediate. For standard substrates, the ester bond is hydrolysed and the new C-terminus is released",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3516519",
"chunk_text": "Trypsin\nfor the specificity of the enzyme. This means that trypsin predominantly cleaves proteins at the carboxyl side (or \"\"C-terminal side\"\") of the amino acids lysine and arginine except when either is bound to a C-terminal proline, although large-scale mass spectrometry data suggest cleavage occurs even with proline. Trypsin is considered an endopeptidase, i.e., the cleavage occurs within the polypeptide chain rather than at the terminal amino acids located at the ends of polypeptides. Human trypsin has an optimal operating temperature of about 37 °C. In contrast, the Atlantic cod has several types of trypsins for the poikilotherm fish to survive",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9147451",
"chunk_text": "OmpT\nC-terminus, but only between nonterminal amino acids. The peptide bond cleavage occurs via the nucleophilic attack of water at the carbonyl between two adjacent amino acid residues. Water enters the protease from the intracellular surface and is stabilized by Asp83 and His212. During the proton transfer associated with the peptide cleavage, the negatively charged aspartate residue stabilizes the positively charged histidine. Once docked in this position, water is positioned to attack the peptide in the active site. The cleavage of peptide bonds by OmpT is also dependent on the presence of bound lipopolysaccharide (LPS). When LPS is not present, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6347250",
"chunk_text": "\"Bond cleavage\"\nparts of the structure. For example, an epoxide ring can be opened by heterolytic cleavage of one of the polar carbon–oxygen bonds to give a single acyclic structure. In biochemistry, the process of breaking down large molecules by splitting their internal bonds is catabolism. Enzymes which catalyse bond cleavage are known as lyases, unless they operate by hydrolysis or oxidoreduction, in which case they are known as hydrolases and oxidoreductases respectively. In proteomics, cleaving agents are used in proteome analysis where proteins are cleaved into smaller peptide fragments. Examples of cleaving agents used are cyanogen bromide, pepsin, and trypsin. Bond",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "862022",
"chunk_text": "\"Serine protease\"\nlead to decreased or increased activity of enzymes. This may have different consequences, depending on the normal function of the serine protease. For example, mutations in protein C can lead to protein C deficiency and predisposing to thrombosis. Determination of serine protease levels may be useful in the context of particular diseases. Serine protease Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins, in which serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10523305",
"chunk_text": "\"Peptide bond\"\nfrom free amino acids, by two enzymes: glutamate–cysteine ligase (forms an isopeptide bond, which is not a peptide bond) and glutathione synthetase (forms a peptide bond). A peptide bond can be broken by hydrolysis (the addition of water). In the presence of water they will break down and release 8–16 kilojoule/mol (2–4 kcal/mol) of Gibbs energy. This process is extremely slow, with the half life at 25 °C of between 350 and 600 years per bond. In living organisms, the process is normally catalyzed by enzymes known as peptidases or proteases, although there are reports of peptide bond hydrolysis caused",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19697870",
"chunk_text": "\"Isopeptide bond\"\nhydrophobic domain, a positively charged tail region, and final specific sequence used for recognition. The best studied of these signals is the LPXTG, which acts as the point of cleavage, where the sortase attacks in between Thr and Gly, conjugating to the Thr carboxyl group. Then the thioester is resolved by the transfer of the peptide to a primary amine, and this generally has a very high specificity, which is seen in the example of B. cereus where the sortase D enzyme helps to polymerize the BcpA protein via two recognition signals, the LPXTG as the cleavage and thioester forming",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7685247",
"chunk_text": "\"Enzyme kinetics\"\nthat are shown above, rapid kinetic measurements can follow the release of product P and measure the formation of the modified enzyme intermediate E*. In the case of chymotrypsin, this intermediate is formed by an attack on the substrate by the nucleophilic serine in the active site and the formation of the acyl-enzyme intermediate. In the figure to the right, the enzyme produces E* rapidly in the first few seconds of the reaction. The rate then slows as steady state is reached. This rapid burst phase of the reaction measures a single turnover of the enzyme. Consequently, the amount of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3516521",
"chunk_text": "Trypsin\nTPCK, which deactivates chymotrypsin. This is important because, in some applications, like mass spectrometry, the specificity of cleavage is important. Trypsin should be stored at very cold temperatures (between −20 and −80 °C) to prevent autolysis, which may also be impeded by storage of trypsin at pH 3 or by using trypsin modified by reductive methylation. When the pH is adjusted back to pH 8, activity returns. These human genes encode proteins with trypsin enzymatic activity: Other isoforms of trypsin may also be found in other organisms. Activation of trypsin from proteolytic cleavage of trypsinogen in the pancreas can lead",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4937950",
"chunk_text": "\"Protein primary structure\"\nof the protein, inhibiting its function. The protein is activated by cleaving off the inhibitory peptide. Some proteins even have the power to cleave themselves. Typically, the hydroxyl group of a serine (rarely, threonine) or the thiol group of a cysteine residue will attack the carbonyl carbon of the preceding peptide bond, forming a tetrahedrally bonded intermediate [classified as a hydroxyoxazolidine (Ser/Thr) or hydroxythiazolidine (Cys) intermediate]. This intermediate tends to revert to the amide form, expelling the attacking group, since the amide form is usually favored by free energy, (presumably due to the strong resonance stabilization of the peptide group).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19398784",
"chunk_text": "Chymosin\nat the peptide bond between amino acid residues 105 and 106, phenylalanine and methionine. The resultant product is calcium phosphocaseinate. When the specific linkage between the hydrophobic (para-casein) and hydrophilic (acidic glycopeptide) groups of casein is broken, the hydrophobic groups unite and form a 3D network that traps the aqueous phase of the milk. Charge interactions between histidines on the kappa-casein and glutamates and aspartates of chymosin initiate enzyme binding to the substrate. When chymosin is not binding substrate, a beta-hairpin, sometimes referred to as \"\"the flap,\"\" can hydrogen bond with the active site, therefore covering it and not allowing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13186703",
"chunk_text": "Carboxypeptidase\nnot themselves digested. Carboxypeptidase A carboxypeptidase (EC number 3.4.16 - 3.4.18) is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes (cleaves) a peptide bond at the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) end of a protein or peptide. (Contrast with an aminopeptidase, which cleaves peptide bonds at the other end of the protein.) Humans, animals, and plants contain several types of carboxypeptidases that have diverse functions ranging from catabolism to protein maturation. The mechanism to produce carboxypeptidase involve that the substrate coordinate water is replaced by substrate of carbonyl (C=O) groups. The first carboxypeptidases studied were those involved in the digestion of food (pancreatic carboxypeptidases A1, A2,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17190101",
"chunk_text": "Exopeptidase\nExopeptidase An exopeptidase is any peptidase that catalyzes the cleavage of the terminal (or the penultimate) peptide bond; the process releases a single amino acid or dipeptide from the peptide chain. Depending on whether the amino acid is released from the amino or the carboxy terminal, an exopeptidase is further classified as an aminopeptidase or a carboxypeptidase, respectively. Thus, an aminopeptidase, an enzyme in the brush border of the small intestine, will cleave a single amino acid from the amino terminal, whereas carboxypeptidase, which is a digestive enzyme present in pancreatic juice, will cleave a single amino acid from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9147450",
"chunk_text": "OmpT\nbetween two basic (positively charged) residues. The active site of OmpT resembles that of other omptins, and is characterized by conserved residues at Asp84, Asp86, Asp206, and His208. The most common bond cleavage by OmpT is between two arginine residues because their positive charge can favorably interact with the negatively charged species at the active site during substrate binding. Because of the specificity of the active site, OmpT does not act on peptides with a negatively charged residue adjacent to the scissile bond. Also, OmpT is specifically identified an endopeptidase because it does not cleave peptides at the N- or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10370613",
"chunk_text": "Carboxypeptidase\nCarboxypeptidase A carboxypeptidase (EC number 3.4.16 - 3.4.18) is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes (cleaves) a peptide bond at the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) end of a protein or peptide. (Contrast with an aminopeptidase, which cleaves peptide bonds at the other end of the protein.) Humans, animals, and plants contain several types of carboxypeptidases that have diverse functions ranging from catabolism to protein maturation. The mechanism to produce carboxypeptidase involve that the substrate coordinate water is replaced by substrate of carbonyl (C=O) groups. The first carboxypeptidases studied were those involved in the digestion of food (pancreatic carboxypeptidases A1, A2, and B). However,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5857427",
"chunk_text": "\"Early 35 kDa protein\"\nafter the sequence DKID in P35 from BmNPV, resulting in two polypeptide products of about 10 kDa and 25 kDa in size. The cleavage site is situated in a solvent-exposed loop that extends from the protein's beta sheet core, thus ensuring good accessibility to the caspase. However, unlike other caspase substrate proteins, the fragments of P35 do not dissociate from the caspase after cleavage. Instead, the N-terminal, 10 kDa cleavage fragment remains bound to the caspase by a covalent, stable thioester bond between the cleavage residue D87 of P35 and the cysteine residue at the active site of the caspase.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13791051",
"chunk_text": "Protease\nthe protein chain (exopeptidases, such as aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidase A); others attack internal peptide bonds of a protein (endopeptidases, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, papain, elastase). Catalysis is achieved by one of two mechanisms: Proteolysis can be highly promiscuous such that a wide range of protein substrates are hydrolysed. This is the case for digestive enzymes such as trypsin which have to be able to cleave the array of proteins ingested into smaller peptide fragments. Promiscuous proteases typically bind to a single amino acid on the substrate and so only have specificity for that residue. For example, trypsin is specific for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10523310",
"chunk_text": "\"Peptide bond\"\nless than similar compounds such as esters. Nevertheless, peptide bonds can undergo chemical reactions, usually through an attack of an electronegative atom on the carbonyl carbon, breaking the carbonyl double bond and forming a tetrahedral intermediate. This is the pathway followed in proteolysis and, more generally, in N-O acyl exchange reactions such as those of inteins. When the functional group attacking the peptide bond is a thiol, hydroxyl or amine, the resulting molecule may be called a cyclol or, more specifically, a thiacyclol, an oxacyclol or an azacyclol, respectively. Peptide bond A peptide bond is an amide type of covalent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "862014",
"chunk_text": "\"Serine protease\"\ndementia. Elastase-like proteases have a much smaller S1 cleft than either trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like proteases. Consequently, residues such as alanine, glycine and valine tend to be preferred. Subtilisin is a serine protease in prokaryotes. Subtilisin is evolutionarily unrelated to the chymotrypsin-clan, but shares the same catalytic mechanism utilising a catalytic triad, to create a nucleophilic serine. This is the classic example used to illustrate convergent evolution, since the same mechanism evolved twice independently during evolution. The main player in the catalytic mechanism in the serine proteases is the catalytic triad. The triad is located in the active site of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17190102",
"chunk_text": "Exopeptidase\ncarboxylic end of the peptide. Exopeptidase An exopeptidase is any peptidase that catalyzes the cleavage of the terminal (or the penultimate) peptide bond; the process releases a single amino acid or dipeptide from the peptide chain. Depending on whether the amino acid is released from the amino or the carboxy terminal, an exopeptidase is further classified as an aminopeptidase or a carboxypeptidase, respectively. Thus, an aminopeptidase, an enzyme in the brush border of the small intestine, will cleave a single amino acid from the amino terminal, whereas carboxypeptidase, which is a digestive enzyme present in pancreatic juice, will cleave a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19543600",
"chunk_text": "\"TEV protease\"\ncontains an internal self-cleavage site. This site is slowly cleaved to inactivate the enzyme (the physiological reason for this is unknown). The structure of TEV protease has been solved by X-ray crystallography. It is composed of two β-barrels and a flexible C-terminal tail and displays structural homology to the chymotrypsin superfamily of proteases (PA clan, C4 family by MEROPS classification). Although homologous to cellular serine proteases (such as trypsin, elastase, thrombin etc.), TEV protease uses a cysteine as its catalytic nucleophile (as do many other viral proteases). Covalent catalysis is performed with an Asp-His-Cys triad, split between the two barrels",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20112015",
"chunk_text": "Trypsinogen\nTrypsinogen Trypsinogen (EC 3.4.23.18/20/21/23/24/26) () is the precursor form or zymogen of trypsin, a digestive enzyme. Produced by the pancreas, it is found in pancreatic juice, along with amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsinogen. It is activated by enterokinase, which is found in the intestinal mucosa, to form trypsin. Once activated, the trypsin can activate more trypsinogen into trypsin. Trypsin cleaves the peptide bond on the carboxyl side of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine. Trypsinogen, as a precursor of trypsin, functions as storage of an inactive form of trypsin so that it may be kept in the pancreas and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2638705",
"chunk_text": "Trypsin\ninhibitors nearly irreversibly. In contrast with nearly all known protein assemblies, some complexes of trypsin bound by its inhibitors do not readily dissociate after treatment with 8M urea. Trypsin Trypsin () is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins. Trypsin is formed in the small intestine when its proenzyme form, the trypsinogen produced by the pancreas, is activated. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine, except when either is followed by proline. It is used for numerous biotechnological",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13791048",
"chunk_text": "Protease\nrespectively. The mechanism used to cleave a peptide bond involves making an amino acid residue that has the cysteine and threonine (proteases) or a water molecule (aspartic acid, metallo- and acid proteases) nucleophilic so that it can attack the peptide carboxyl group. One way to make a nucleophile is by a catalytic triad, where a histidine residue is used to activate serine, cysteine, or threonine as a nucleophile. This is not an evolutionary grouping, however, as the nucleophile types have evolved convergently in different superfamilies, and some superfamilies show divergent evolution to multiple different nucleophiles. A seventh catalytic type of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12698471",
"chunk_text": "Metalloexopeptidase\nMetalloexopeptidase A metalloexopeptidase is a type of enzyme that acts as a metalloproteinase exopeptidase. These enzymes have a catalytic mechanism involving a metal, often zinc. They function in molecular biology as agents that cut the terminal (or penultimate) peptide bonds ending peptide chains. Analogous to slicing the end off a loaf of bread, the process releases a single amino acid (or dipeptide) for use. The terms \"\"metallo carboxypeptidase\"\", \"\"metallo-carboxypeptidase\"\" and \"\"metallocarboxypeptidase\"\" are used to describe a metalloexopeptidase carboxypeptidase. These peptidases specifically target the C-terminus, the unbound carboxyl group (-COOH) at one distinct end of the amino acid chain (cutting one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4937949",
"chunk_text": "\"Protein primary structure\"\ncan also be modified covalently, e.g., Most of the polypeptide modifications listed above occur \"\"post-translationally\"\", i.e., after the protein has been synthesized on the ribosome, typically occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum, a subcellular organelle of the eukaryotic cell. Many other chemical reactions (e.g., cyanylation) have been applied to proteins by chemists, although they are not found in biological systems. In addition to those listed above, the most important modification of primary structure is peptide cleavage (by chemical hydrolysis or by proteases). Proteins are often synthesized in an inactive precursor form; typically, an N-terminal or C-terminal segment blocks the active site",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20112017",
"chunk_text": "Trypsinogen\nresidues. The amino group of Gly 193 orientates itself into the correct position, which completes the oxyanion hole in active site, thereby activating the protein. Since trypsin also cleaves the peptide bond after an arginine or a lysine, it can cleave other trypsinogen, and the activation process therefore becomes autocatalytic. Trypsin is produced, stored and released as the inactive trypsinogen to ensure that the protein is only activated in the appropriate location. Premature trypsin activation can be destructive and may trigger a series of events that lead to pancreatic self-digestion. In normal pancreas, around 5% of trypsinogens are thought to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2707290",
"chunk_text": "Ubiquitin\nlast amino acid of ubiquitin (glycine 76) to a lysine residue on the substrate. An isopeptide bond is formed between the carboxyl group (COO) of the ubiquitin's glycine and the epsilon-amino group (ε-) of the substrate's lysine. Trypsin cleavage of a ubiquitin-conjugated substrate leaves a di-glycine \"\"remnant\"\" that is used to identify the site of ubiquitination. Ubiquitin can also be bound to other sites in a protein which are electron-rich nucleophiles, termed \"\"non-canonical ubiquitination\"\". This was first observed with the amine group of a protein's N-terminus being used for ubiquitination, rather than a lysine residue, in the protein MyoD and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5091157",
"chunk_text": "\"Protein catabolism\"\nthe serine proteases, such as trypsin, engage in a nucleophilic attack on the hydroxyl oxygen of the serine on the peptide bond's carbonyl carbon in order to cleave this bond. An acyl-enzyme intermediate is created and the mechanism continues to hydrolize the other remaining linkages. On the other hand, for metalloproteases, such as zinc proteases, incorporate metals to break the bonds. With zinc, its active site incorporates the zinc ion, water, and histidines (which are ligands to the zinc ion). The zinc protease also engages in a nucleophilic attack but on the carbonyl carbon, using the water's oxygen atom. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6672426",
"chunk_text": "\"Catalytic triad\"\nA serine in each of trypsin and chymotrypsin was identified as the catalytic nucleophile (by diisopropyl fluorophosphate modification) in the 1950s. The structure of chymotrypsin was solved by X-ray crystallography in the 1960s, showing the orientation of the catalytic triad in the active site. Other proteases were sequenced and aligned to reveal a family of related proteases, now called the S1 family. Simultaneously, the structures of the evolutionarily unrelated papain and subtilisin proteases were found to contain analogous triads. The 'charge-relay' mechanism for the activation of the nucleophile by the other triad members was proposed in the late 1960s. As",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10588266",
"chunk_text": "\"Regulatory enzyme\"\nbe enough to change the conformation of the protein and build an active zone, allowing the interaction between the enzyme and the substrate, for instance, chymotrypsin activation (as it can be seen in the images). Many different types of proteins with different roles in metabolism are activated by proteolysis for big reasons: Proteolysis is irreversible, which implies the need of a process of enzyme deactivation. Specific inhibitors, analogous to the substrate, will strongly join the enzyme, blocking the substrate to join the enzyme. This union may last for months. Regulatory enzyme A regulatory enzyme is an enzyme in a biochemical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10371128",
"chunk_text": "\"Cathepsin C\"\nand S. The translated prepro-cathepsin C is processed into the mature form by at least four cleavages of the polypeptide chain. The signal peptide is removed during translocation or secretion of the pro-enzyme (pro-cathepsin C) and a large N-terminal proregion fragment (also known as the exclusion domain), which is retained in the mature enzyme, is separated from the catalytic domain by excision of a minor C-terminal part of the pro-region, called the activation peptide. A heavy chain of about 164 residues and a light chain of about 69 residues are generated by cleavage of the catalytic domain. Unlike the other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19543601",
"chunk_text": "\"TEV protease\"\n(Asp on β1 and His and Cys on β2). The substrate is held as a β-sheet, forming an antiparallel interaction with the cleft between the barrels and a parallel interaction with the C-terminal tail. The enzyme therefore forms a binding tunnel around the substrate and side chain interactions control specificity. The preferred, native cleavage sequence was first identified by examining the cut sites in the native polyprotein substrate for recurring sequence. The consensus for these native cut sites is ENLYFQ\\S where ‘\\’ denotes the cleaved peptide bond. Residues of the substrate are labelled P6 to P1 before the cut site",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6094650",
"chunk_text": "Isopeptidase\npresence of a non-main-chain linkage between an acidic amino acid and the peptide's N-terminus to form the knot. (Some lasso peptides also have topological complexity conferred by disulfide bonds.) Isopeptidase enzymes linearize the peptides by cleaving the isopeptide bond. Isopeptidase An isopeptidase is a protease enzyme that hydrolyzes isopeptide bonds, or amide bonds that occur outside the main chain in a polypeptide chain. Isopeptide bonds occur in the linkage of protein amino acid side chains to proteins such as ubiquitin and SUMO in the protein degradation pathway. In eukaryotes, enzymes with isopeptidase activity are often involved in this pathway; all",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9568090",
"chunk_text": "\"Enzyme catalysis\"\nadditional covalent intermediate to the reaction, and helps to reduce the energy of later transition states of the reaction. The covalent bond must, at a later stage in the reaction, be broken to regenerate the enzyme. This mechanism is utilised by the catalytic triad of enzymes such as proteases like chymotrypsin and trypsin, where an acyl-enzyme intermediate is formed. An alternative mechanism is schiff base formation using the free amine from a lysine residue, as seen in the enzyme aldolase during glycolysis. Some enzymes utilize non-amino acid cofactors such as pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) or thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to form covalent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18574558",
"chunk_text": "P-site\nP-site The P-site (for peptidyl) is the second binding site for tRNA in the ribosome. The other two sites are the A-site (aminoacyl), which is the first binding site in the ribosome, and the E-site (exit), is the third and final binding site in the ribosome. During Protein translation, the P-site holds the tRNA which is linked to the growing polypeptide chain. When a stop codon is reached, the peptidyl-tRNA bond of the tRNA located in the P-site is cleaved releasing the newly synthesized protein. During the translocation step of the elongation phase, the mRNA is advanced by one codon,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_950
|
who were the first non native settlers in the us?
|
n/a
|
[
"European colonization",
"West Norse sailors"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4352328",
"chunk_text": "Americans\nfirst voyage of Christopher Columbus, the European colonization of the Americas began, with St. Augustine, Florida becoming the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States. From the 16th through the 19th centuries, the population of Native Americans declined in the following ways: epidemic diseases brought from Europe; genocide and warfare at the hands of European explorers and colonists, as well as between tribes; displacement from their lands; internal warfare, enslavement; and intermarriage. As defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders are \"\"persons having origins in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9153433",
"chunk_text": "\"Juan (Jan) Rodriguez\"\nJohn Keene published a brief, fictional version of Juan Rodríguez's (Jan Rodrigues's) story, entitled \"\"Mannahatta\"\", focusing on the trader's decision to flee the Dutch, in the Winter/Spring 2014 issue of the literary journal \"\"TriQuarterly\"\". A revised version of the story appears in his 2015 collection \"\"Counternarratives\"\", published by New Directions. Juan (Jan) Rodriguez Juan Rodriguez (Dutch: , Portuguese: ) was the first documented non-Native American to live on Manhattan Island. As such, he is considered the first non-native resident of what would eventually become New York City, predating the Dutch settlers. As he was born in Santo Domingo (now in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13272548",
"chunk_text": "\"Juan (Jan) Rodriguez\"\nJuan (Jan) Rodriguez Juan Rodriguez (Dutch: , Portuguese: ) was the first documented non-Native American to live on Manhattan Island. As such, he is considered the first non-native resident of what would eventually become New York City, predating the Dutch settlers. As he was born in Santo Domingo (now in the Dominican Republic) to a Portuguese sailor and an African woman, he is also considered the first immigrant, the first person of African heritage, the first person of European heritage, the first merchant, the first Latino, and the first Dominican to settle in Manhattan. He was born in the Captaincy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5696539",
"chunk_text": "\"American pioneer\"\nAmerican pioneer American pioneers are any of the people in American history who migrated west to join in settling and developing new areas. The term especially refers to those who were going to settle any territory which had previously not been settled or developed by European, African or American society, although the territory was inhabited by or utilized by Native Americans. The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the migration to parts of the United States now called Western, as many places now considered as East were also settled by pioneers from the coast. For example, Daniel Boone, a key",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17695898",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-Hispanic whites\"\ndeclined by .005% and then declined by .016% between 2016 and 2017 to a historic low of 60.7%. Between 2042 and 2045, the United States is projected to be a majority minority nation and by 2060 the white population will decline by roughly 16.1 million. The first Europeans who came to North Americas were Norse explorers around the year 1000, however they ultimately left the continent leaving no permanent settlements behind. Later, pilgrims and colonists came in the 1600s along the east coast, mainly from England, in search of economic opportunities and religious freedom. Over time emigrants from Europe settled",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20444823",
"chunk_text": "\"Hispanic and Latino Americans\"\nPortolà, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Tristán de Luna y Arellano and Juan de Oñate, and non-Spanish explorers working for the Spanish Crown, such as Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. In all, Spaniards probed half of today's lower 48 states before the first English colonization effort in 1585 at Roanoke Island off the East Coast. In 1565, the Spanish created the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States, at St. Augustine, Florida. Santa Fe, New Mexico was founded before Jamestown, Virginia (founded in 1607) and the New England Plymouth Colony (1620, of \"\"Mayflower\"\" and Pilgrims fame).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12655436",
"chunk_text": "\"George Washington Bush\"\nGeorge Washington Bush George Washington Bush (1779 – April 5, 1863) was an American pioneer and one of the first multiracial (Irish and African) non-Amerindian settlers of the Pacific Northwest. George Washington Bush was born in Pennsylvania around 1779. An only child, he was raised as a Quaker and educated in Philadelphia. Bush's father Matthew, of African descent, was born in India. Matthew Bush worked for a wealthy English merchant named Stevenson for most of his life. At Stevenson's home in Philadelphia, Matthew Bush met his wife, an Irish maid who also worked for Stevenson, and they married in 1778.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12655448",
"chunk_text": "\"George Washington Bush\"\nTumwater, Washington at Union Cemetery, now a city pioneer cemetery called Bush/Union/Pioneer Calvary Cemetery. The cemetery is listed on the national, state and city registers of historic places. George Washington Bush George Washington Bush (1779 – April 5, 1863) was an American pioneer and one of the first multiracial (Irish and African) non-Amerindian settlers of the Pacific Northwest. George Washington Bush was born in Pennsylvania around 1779. An only child, he was raised as a Quaker and educated in Philadelphia. Bush's father Matthew, of African descent, was born in India. Matthew Bush worked for a wealthy English merchant named Stevenson",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12042536",
"chunk_text": "\"Ohio Company of Associates\"\nOhio Company of Associates The Ohio Company of Associates, also known as the Ohio Company, was a land company whose members are today credited with becoming the first non-Native American group to settle in the present-day state of Ohio. In 1788 they established Marietta, Ohio as the first permanent settlement of the new United States in the newly organized Northwest Territory. The company was formed on March 1, 1786, by Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Tupper, Samuel Holden Parsons and Manasseh Cutler in Boston, Massachusetts. They had met at The Bunch-of-Grapes tavern, located on King Street, to discuss the settlement of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11085899",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Native Americans in the United States\"\nHistory of Native Americans in the United States The history of Native Americans in the United States began in ancient times tens of thousands of years ago with the settlement of the Americas by the Paleo-Indians. Anthropologists and archeologists have identified and studied a wide variety of cultures that existed during this era. Their subsequent contact with Europeans had a profound impact on their history of the people. According to the most generally accepted theory of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Eurasia to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which connected the two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12020828",
"chunk_text": "\"Turkish Americans\"\nTurkish Americans Turkish Americans () are Americans of Turkish descent or origin. The earliest known Turkish settlers in the United States arrived in 1586 when Sir Francis Drake brought at least 200 Muslims, identified as Turks and Moors, to the newly established English colony of Roanoke on the coast of present-day North Carolina. Only a short time before reaching Roanoke, Drake's fleet of some thirty ships had liberated these Muslims from Spanish colonial forces in the Caribbean where they had been condemned to hard labor as galley slaves. Historical records indicate that Drake had promised to return the liberated galley",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19286936",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nHistory of the United States The history of the United States began with the settlement of Indigenous people before 15,000 BC. Numerous cultures formed. The arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 started the European colonization of the Americas. Most colonies formed after 1600. By the 1770s, thirteen British colonies contained 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains. After defeating France, the British government imposed a series of new taxes after 1765, rejecting the colonists' argument that new taxes needed their approval (see Stamp Act 1765). Tax resistance, especially the Boston Tea Party (1773), led to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20518670",
"chunk_text": "\"Spanish Americans\"\nUnited States from Latin American republics. An exception to this rule are Tejanos, Nuevomexicanos and Californios, descendants of Mexican citizens inhabiting Mexican territory later acquired by the United States, who are typically considered to be Spanish Americans. Throughout the colonial times, there were a number of white settlements of Spanish populations in the present-day United States of America with governments answerable to Madrid. The first settlement was at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, followed by others in New Mexico, California, Arizona, Texas, and Louisiana. In 1598, San Juan de los Caballeros was established, near present-day Santa Fe, New Mexico, by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20209054",
"chunk_text": "\"European Americans\"\nEuropean Americans European Americans (also referred to as Euro-Americans) are Americans of European ancestry. This term includes people who are descended from the first European settlers in America and as well as people who are descended from more recent European arrivals. Euro-Americans are the largest panethnic group in the United States, both historically and at present. The Spaniards are thought to be the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the contiguous United States, with Martín de Argüelles ( 1566) in St. Augustine, then a part of Spanish Florida. Virginia Dare ( August 18, 1587) on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "926035",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\nroughly north, past the site of the present-day New York State capital city of Albany, in the belief that it might be an oceanic tributary before the river became too shallow to continue. He made a ten-day exploration of the area and claimed the region for the Dutch East India Company. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay was claimed by the Netherlands and called \"\"Nieuw-Nederland\"\" (New Netherland). The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as \"\"Jan Rodrigues\"\"), a merchant from Santo Domingo. Born in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16893703",
"chunk_text": "Americans\nany of the original peoples of Europe. This includes people via African, North American, Caribbean, Central American or South American and Oceanian nations that have a large European descended population. The Spanish were some of the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the United States in 1565. Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida then a part of New Spain, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the United States. Twenty-one years later, Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17579767",
"chunk_text": "\"New Netherlander\"\nand African population and do not include the Native Americans. Among the many settlers who sailed from the United Provinces of the Netherlands were Dutch, Flemish, Walloon, Huguenot, German, and Scandinavian people, who are sometimes called \"\"New Netherland Dutch\"\". The first non-Native American to settle in Manhattan was Juan Rodriguez (Jan Rodrigues in Dutch), a Dominican man of African and Portuguese descent born in Santo Domingo. Early ships to the new colony carried mostly Walloon passengers and Africans brought as slaves, many of whom later became free. The black population is dated to the importation of eleven black slaves in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19927692",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-Hispanic whites\"\nthe Irish, and English (additionally Americans). In the United States, this population was first derived from English (and, to a lesser degree, French) settlement of the Americas, as well as settlement by other Europeans such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century (see History of the United States). Continued growth since the early 19th century is attributed to sustained very high birth rates alongside relatively low death rates among settlers and natives alike as well as periodically massive immigration from European countries, especially Germany, Ireland, England, Italy, Greece, Sweden and Norway, as well as Poland, Russia,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20684536",
"chunk_text": "\"Exploration of North America\"\nExploration of North America The exploration of North America by non-indigenous people was a continuing effort to map and explore the continent of North America. It spanned centuries, and consisted of efforts by numerous people and expeditions from various foreign countries to map the continent. The European colonization of the Americas followed. According to the Sagas of Icelanders, Norse sailors (often called Vikings) from Iceland first settled Greenland in the 980s. Erik the Red explored and settled southwestern Greenland, which he named to entice potential Icelandic settlers, eventually establishing the Eastern and Western Settlements, which were abandoned around 1350. L'Anse",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14706894",
"chunk_text": "Chicago\nmid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, who had taken the place of the Miami and Sauk and Fox peoples. The first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s. He is commonly known as the \"\"Founder of Chicago\"\". In 1795, following the Northwest Indian War, an area that was to be part of Chicago was turned over to the United States for a military post by native tribes in accordance with the Treaty of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11085980",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Native Americans in the United States\"\nattempted to address. History of Native Americans in the United States The history of Native Americans in the United States began in ancient times tens of thousands of years ago with the settlement of the Americas by the Paleo-Indians. Anthropologists and archeologists have identified and studied a wide variety of cultures that existed during this era. Their subsequent contact with Europeans had a profound impact on their history of the people. According to the most generally accepted theory of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Eurasia to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16157289",
"chunk_text": "\"Settlement of the Americas\"\nSettlement of the Americas The first settlement of the Americas began when Paleolithic hunter-gatherers first entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge, which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum. These populations expanded south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and rapidly throughout both North and South America, by 14,000 years ago. The earliest populations in the Americas, before roughly 10,000 years ago, are known as Paleo-Indians. The peopling of the Americas is a long-standing open question, and while advances in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18677782",
"chunk_text": "\"Colonial history of the United States\"\nthe indigenous peoples of California, while protecting historic Spanish claims to the area. The missions introduced European technology, livestock, and crops. The Indian Reductions converted the native peoples into groups of Mission Indians; they worked as laborers in the missions and the ranchos. In the 1830s the missions were disbanded and the lands sold to Californios. The indigenous Native American population was around 150,000; the \"\"Californios\"\" (Mexican era Californians) around 10,000; with the rest immigrant Americans and other nationalities involved in trade and business in California. In September 1493, Christopher Columbus set sail on his second voyage with 17 ships",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15272488",
"chunk_text": "\"History of immigration to the United States\"\nyear. The Dutch, primarily driven by the United East Indian Company, first established settlements along the Hudson River in New York starting about 1626. Wealthy Dutch patroons set up large landed estates along the Hudson River and brought in farmers who became renters. Others established rich trading posts to trade with Native Americans and started cities such as New Amsterdam (now New York City) and Albany, New York. After the British took over and renamed the colony New York, Germans (from the Palatinate), and Yankees (from New England) began arriving. Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware formed the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3869401",
"chunk_text": "\"San Miguel de Guadalupe\"\nSan Miguel de Guadalupe San Miguel de Guadalupe, founded in 1526 by Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, was the first European settlement in what became the continental United States. Two-thirds of the 600 Spanish settlers of San Miguel de Guadalupe died before they reached the end of their three-month winter stay, most of disease. They also suffered a rebellion by their African slaves and the native Guales before abandoning the site in early 1527, with 100 African slaves escaping to take refuge with the neighboring Guale people. This is the first known such rebellion in the future US, with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2062982",
"chunk_text": "\"United States\"\n1492, other explorers followed. The first Europeans to arrive in the territory of the modern United States were Spanish conquistadors such as Juan Ponce de León, who made his first visit to Florida in 1513; however, if unincorporated territories are accounted for, then credit would go to Christopher Columbus who landed in Puerto Rico on his 1493 voyage. The Spanish set up the first settlements in Florida and New Mexico such as Saint Augustine and Santa Fe. The French established their own as well along the Mississippi River. Successful English settlement on the eastern coast of North America began with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20795175",
"chunk_text": "\"Colonial history of the United States\"\nand religious groups, including adventurers, soldiers, farmers, indentured servants, tradesmen, and a few from the aristocracy. Settlers traveling to the continent included the Dutch of New Netherland, the Swedes and Finns of New Sweden, the English Quakers of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English Puritans of New England, the English settlers of Jamestown, Virginia, the English Catholics and Protestant nonconformists of the Province of Maryland, the \"\"worthy poor\"\" of the Province of Georgia, the Germans who settled the mid-Atlantic colonies, and the Ulster Scots people of the Appalachian Mountains. These groups all became part of the United States when it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7528557",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Native Americans in the United States\"\nfrom the strong, centralized European monarchies. After 1492 European exploration and colonization of the Americas revolutionized how the Old and New Worlds perceived themselves. One of the first major contacts, in what would be called the American Deep South, occurred when the conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed in La Florida in April 1513. He was later followed by other Spanish explorers, such as Pánfilo de Narváez in 1528 and Hernando de Soto in 1539. The subsequent European colonists in North America often rationalized their expansion of empire with the assumption that they were saving a barbaric, pagan world by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10474653",
"chunk_text": "\"John Ogden (colonist)\"\nJohn Ogden (colonist) John Ogden (19 September 1609 – 30 May 1682), known as \"\"The Pilgrim\"\", was an early settler in New England, originally on Long Island, and an original patentee of the Elizabethtown Purchase, \"\"the first English settlement in the Colony of New Jersey.\"\" John Ogden was born in England on 19 September 1609, and emigrated to New England in 1641. His parentage and town of birth are unknown. Previous histories showing that he was born in Hampshire are unfounded and were the result of a fraudulent genealogy created by Gustave Anjou in the early 1900s. Almost all the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "21012599",
"chunk_text": "\"John Y. T. Smith\"\nJohn Y. T. Smith John Y. T. Smith (born John Smith; September 16, 1831 – July 15, 1903) was an American businessman and politician who became the first non-Indian to live in what would become Phoenix, Arizona. He served three times as a member of the Arizona Territorial Legislature, becoming Speaker of the House during his final term, and was appointed to a two-year term as Territorial treasurer. Smith was born September 16, 1831 near Buffalo, New York. At the age of 10, he became a cabin boy on a riverboat. He worked on the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4860549",
"chunk_text": "\"Native Americans in the United States\"\nand prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period. While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until they were conquered or significantly influenced by Europeans, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus' initial landing. Native American cultures are not normally included in characterizations of advanced stone age cultures as \"\"Neolithic,\"\" which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10820418",
"chunk_text": "Hispanophone\nStates. Other Spanish explorers of the United States make up a long list that includes, among others, Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón, Pánfilo de Narváez, Sebastián Vizcaíno, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Gaspar de Portolà, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Tristán de Luna y Arellano, and Juan de Oñate. In all, Spaniards probed half of today's lower 48 states before the first English colonization attempt at Roanoke Island in 1585. The Spanish created the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States, at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565. Santa Fe, New Mexico also predates Jamestown, Virginia (founded in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17010871",
"chunk_text": "\"Appalachian Plateau\"\nmade life more sustainable for the Native Americans. They continued to invent new weapons and made advancements in agriculture until the Europeans arrived in North America. Europeans settled in North America beginning in the seventeenth century. In 1749, Jacob Martin and Steven Sewell were the first Europeans known to settle the Appalachian Plateau, specifically in what is now Pocahontas County in West Virginia. European colonization and competition with the Native Americans resulted in high mortality due to new diseases, as well as more deaths and social disruption due to warfare. After pushing out the Native Americans, the European American settlers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17791027",
"chunk_text": "\"Northeastern United States\"\nwhose lands European fishermen began camping to dry their codfish in the early 1600s, lived in villages, especially after being influenced by the agricultural traditions of the Ohio and Mississippi valley societies. All of the states making up the Northeastern region were among the original Thirteen Colonies, though Maine, Vermont, and Delaware were part of other colonies before the United States became independent in the American Revolution. The two cultural and geographic regions that form parts of the Northeastern region have distinct histories. The first Europeans to settle New England were Pilgrims from England, who landed in present-day Massachusetts in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "491978",
"chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nthe new Pennsylvania colony was given to William Penn in settlement of a debt the king owed his father. Its government was set up by William Penn in about 1682 to become primarily a refuge for persecuted English Quakers; but others were welcomed. Baptists, German and Swiss Protestants and Anabaptists also flocked to Pennsylvania. The lure of cheap land, religious freedom and the right to improve themselves with their own hand was very attractive. Slavery was a common practice in the Americas prior to the arrival of Europeans, as different American Indian groups captured and held other tribes' members as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19286968",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nNew England was initially settled primarily by Puritans. The Pilgrims established a settlement in 1620 at Plymouth Colony, which was followed by the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. The Middle Colonies, consisting of the present-day states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, were characterized by a large degree of diversity. The first attempted English settlement south of Virginia was the Province of Carolina, with Georgia Colony – the last of the Thirteen Colonies – established in 1733. The colonies were characterized by people primarily of the Judeo-Christian faiths, with many Congregationalists in New England, German",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1019036",
"chunk_text": "\"New Amsterdam\"\nfirst recorded non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City. The territory of New Netherland was originally a private, profit-making commercial enterprise focused on cementing alliances and conducting trade with the diverse Native American ethnic groups. Surveying and exploration of the region was conducted as a prelude to an anticipated official settlement by the Dutch Republic, which occurred in 1624. In 1620 the Pilgrims attempted to sail to the Hudson River from England. However, the \"\"Mayflower\"\" reached Cape Cod (now part of Massachusetts) on November 9, 1620, after a voyage of 64 days. For a variety of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6772652",
"chunk_text": "\"American pioneer\"\nPrairie\"\", a century later, typified a later series of novels describing a pioneer family. Daniel Boone and Davy Crockett are two real-life icons of pioneer history. American pioneer American pioneers are any of the people in American history who migrated west to join in settling and developing new areas. The term especially refers to those who were going to settle any territory which had previously not been settled or developed by European, African or American society, although the territory was inhabited by or utilized by Native Americans. The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the migration to parts of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17285492",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nbetween the Trump campaign and Russian officials, led to the launch of investigations into the matter by the FBI, and the Senate and the House Intelligence Committees. History of the United States The history of the United States began with the settlement of Indigenous people before 15,000 BC. Numerous cultures formed. The arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 started the European colonization of the Americas. Most colonies formed after 1600. By the 1770s, thirteen British colonies contained 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains. After defeating France, the British government imposed a series of new",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5056780",
"chunk_text": "\"Native American civil rights\"\nspirit world, and ceremonies that renew communities. In 1585, a tribe on the eastern coast of North America interacted with the first English person to travel to the continent, Richard Grenville. The Native people were hospitable and receptive to Grenville. Yet, when one Native stole a small silver cup from him, Grenville sacked and burned down the entire village in revenge. In 1607, decades after this initial interaction, the English established Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement on North America, in the middle of the Powhatan confederacy in what is now Virginia. Powhatan, the leader, did not attack the English",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11378104",
"chunk_text": "\"Native Americans in the United States\"\nregion and generation, with many older Native Americans self-identifying as \"\"Indians\"\" or \"\"American Indians\"\", while younger Native Americans often identify as \"\"Indigenous\"\" or \"\"Aboriginal\"\". The term \"\"Native American\"\" has not traditionally included Native Hawaiians or certain Alaskan Natives, such as Aleut, Yup'ik, or Inuit peoples. By comparison, the indigenous peoples of Canada are generally known as First Nations. It is not definitively known how or when the Native Americans first settled the Americas and the present-day United States. The prevailing theory proposes that people migrated from Eurasia across Beringia, a land bridge that connected Siberia to present-day Alaska during the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20518684",
"chunk_text": "\"Spanish Americans\"\nand granted them to Mexican citizens (including many Californios) resident in California. The Spanish colonial and later Mexican national governments encouraged settlers from the northern and western provinces of Mexico, whom Californios called \"\"Sonorans.\"\" People from other parts of Latin America (most notably Peru and Chile) did settle in California. However, only a few official colonization efforts were ever undertaken—notably the second expeditions of Gaspar de Portolá (1770) and of Juan Bautista de Anza (1775–1776). Children of those few early settlers and retired soldiers became the first true Californios. One genealogist estimated that, in 2004, between 300,000 and 500,000 Californians",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4860670",
"chunk_text": "\"Native Americans in the United States\"\nprotection against the area's frequent droughts. In the early years, as these native peoples encountered European explorers and settlers and engaged in trade, they exchanged food, crafts, and furs for blankets, iron and steel implements, horses, trinkets, firearms, and alcoholic beverages. Interracial relations between Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans is a complex issue that has been mostly neglected with \"\"few in-depth studies on interracial relationships\"\". Some of the first documented cases of European/Native American intermarriage and contact were recorded in Post-Columbian Mexico. One case is that of Gonzalo Guerrero, a European from Spain, who was shipwrecked along the Yucatan Peninsula,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7080279",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States\"\nDon Tristán de Luna y Arellano as the first European settlement in the continental United States, but it had become abandoned by 1561 and would not be reinhabited until the 1690s. French Huguenots founded Fort Caroline in modern-day Jacksonville in 1564, but this fort was conquered by forces from the new Spanish colony of St. Augustine the following year. After Huguenot leader Jean Ribault had learned of the new Spanish threat, he launched an expedition to sack the Spanish settlement; en route, however, severe storms at sea waylaid the expedition, which consisted of most of the colony's men, allowing St.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "833511",
"chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of North America prior to 1763\"\nthe Clovis peoples. Upon the arrival of the Europeans in the \"\"New World\"\", Native American population declined substantially, primarily due to the introduction of European diseases to which the Native Americans lacked immunity. There was limited contact between North American people and the outside world before 1492. Several theoretical contacts have been proposed, but the earliest physical evidence comes from the Norse or Vikings. Norse captain Leif Ericson is believed to have reached the Island of Newfoundland circa 1000 AD. In 1492 Columbus reached land in the Bahamas. Almost 500 years after the Norse, John Cabot explored the east coast",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5238523",
"chunk_text": "\"New England Colonies\"\ncolony in North America following Jamestown, Virginia. About half of the one hundred-plus passengers on the \"\"Mayflower\"\" died that first winter, mostly because of diseases contracted on the voyage followed by a harsh winter. In 1621, an Indian named Squanto taught the colonists how to grow corn and where to catch eels and fish. His assistance was invaluable and helped them to survive the early years of the colonization. The Pilgrims lived on the same site where Squanto's Patuxet tribe had established a village before they were wiped out from diseases. The Plymouth settlement faced great hardships and earned few",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "115861",
"chunk_text": "\"Names for United States citizens\"\nto refer to people from the United States while others, particularly Spanish, primarily use terms derived from United States. There are various other local and colloquial names for Americans. Amerigo Vespucci first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as conjectured by Christopher Columbus, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the peoples of the Old World. Martin Waldseemüller coined the term America (in honor of Vespucci) in a 1507 world map. First uses of the adjective American referenced European settlements in the New World. Americans referred to the indigenous peoples",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9038866",
"chunk_text": "\"John Hance\"\nJohn Hance John Hance (1840 – January 8, 1919) is thought to be the first non-Native American resident of the Grand Canyon, US. He opened the first tourist trail in the canyon in the late nineteenth century. He started giving tours of the canyon after his attempts at mining asbestos failed, largely due to the expense of removing the asbestos from the canyon. \"\"Captain\"\" John Hance was said to be one of the Grand Canyon's most colorful characters, and it had been declared by one early visitor that \"\"To see the canyon only and not to see Captain John Hance,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20994065",
"chunk_text": "\"Caledonia, New York\"\nwas born here around 1750 into the Wolf clan of his Seneca mother. His father was a Dutch fur trader, John Abeel, whose family had been established in Albany. Cornplanter was known as a statesman as well as a war chief, and he was influential in inviting Quakers to teach Seneca children on his land. The first European-American settlements did not take place until around 1795, after the American Revolutionary War. The Seneca, as allies of the defeated British, were forced to give up most of their land to the United States. The first known permanent white settlement began in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10996470",
"chunk_text": "\"Northkill Amish Settlement\"\nNorthkill Amish Settlement The Northkill Amish Settlement was established in 1740 in Berks County, Pennsylvania. As the first identifiable Amish community in the new world, it was the foundation of Amish settlement in the Americas. The first Amish began migrating to the United States in the 18th century, largely to avoid religious persecution and compulsory military service. The Northkill Creek watershed, in eastern Province of Pennsylvania, was opened for settlement in 1736 and that year Melchior Detweiler and Hans Seiber settled near Northkill. Shortly thereafter many Amish began to move to Northkill with large groups settling in 1742 and 1749.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_951
|
how long did it take to build the great pyramid of egypt?
|
n/a
|
[
"20-year period"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15708828",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nestimated that the total project required an average workforce of about 14,500 people and a peak workforce of roughly 40,000. Without the use of pulleys, wheels, or iron tools, they used critical path analysis methods, which suggest that the Great Pyramid was completed from start to finish in approximately 10 years. The original entrance to the Great Pyramid is on the north, vertically above ground level and east of the centre line of the pyramid. From this original entrance, there is a Descending Passage 0 high and wide, which goes down at an angle of 26° 31'23\"\" through the masonry",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6826134",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nTheir calculations suggest the workforce could have sustained a rate of 180 blocks per hour (3 blocks/minute) with ten-hour work days for putting each individual block in place. They derived these estimates from modern third-world construction projects that did not use modern machinery, but conclude it is still unknown exactly how the Great Pyramid was built. As Dr. Craig Smith of the team points out: The entire Giza Plateau is believed to have been constructed over the reign of five pharaohs in less than a hundred years, which generally includes: the Great Pyramid, Khafre and Menkaure's pyramids, the Great Sphinx,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15708805",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nan internal hillock, is roughly . Based on these estimates, building the pyramid in 20 years would involve installing approximately 800 tonnes of stone every day. Additionally, since it consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks, completing the building in 20 years would involve moving an average of more than 12 of the blocks into place each hour, day and night. The first precision measurements of the pyramid were made by Egyptologist Sir Flinders Petrie in 1880–82 and published as \"\"The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh\"\". Almost all reports are based on his measurements. Many of the casing-stones and inner",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12010118",
"chunk_text": "\"Red Pyramid\"\nbegun during the thirtieth year of Sneferu's reign. Egyptologists disagree on the length of time it took to construct. Based on quarry marks found at various phases of construction, Rainer Stadelmann estimates the time of completion to be approximately 17 years while John Romer, based on this same graffiti, suggests it took only ten years and seven months to build. Archaeologists speculate its design may be an outcome of engineering crises experienced during the construction of Sneferu's two earlier pyramids. The first of these, the Pyramid at Meidum, collapsed in antiquity, while the second, the Bent Pyramid, had the angle",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6826133",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nproject required an average workforce of 14,567 people and a peak workforce of 40,000. Without the use of pulleys, wheels, or iron tools, they used critical path analysis to suggest the Great Pyramid was completed from start to finish in approximately 10 years. Their study estimates the number of blocks used in construction was between 2 and 2.8 million (an average of 2.4 million), but settles on a reduced finished total of 2 million after subtracting the estimated volume of the hollow spaces of the chambers and galleries. Most sources agree on this number of blocks somewhere above 2.3 million.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4814632",
"chunk_text": "\"Giza pyramid complex\"\nnumber of workers needed for a building project of this magnitude. When Greek historian Herodotus visited Giza in 450 BC, he was told by Egyptian priests that \"\"the Great Pyramid had taken 400,000 men 20 years to build, working in three-month shifts 100,000 men at a time.\"\" Evidence from the tombs indicates that a workforce of 10,000 laborers working in three-month shifts took around 30 years to build a pyramid. The Giza pyramid complex is surrounded by a large stone wall, outside which Mark Lehner and his team discovered a town where the pyramid workers were housed. The village is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
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"chunk_id": "11106861",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nchamber blocks of the Great Pyramid fit together with extremely high precision. Based on measurements taken on the north-eastern casing stones, the mean opening of the joints is only wide. The pyramid remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years, unsurpassed until the spire of Lincoln Cathedral was completed c. 1300. The accuracy of the pyramid's workmanship is such that the four sides of the base have an average error of only 58 millimetres in length. The base is horizontal and flat to within ±. The sides of the square base are closely aligned to the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "275837",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nof a total of , or about 405 tons. It was made out of 186 stones weighing an average of 2.2 tons each. Twelve quarrymen carved 186 stones in 22 days, and the structure was erected using 44 men. They used iron hammers, chisels and levers (this is a modern shortcut, as the ancient Egyptians were limited to using copper and later bronze and wood). But Lehner and Hopkins did experiments with copper tools, noting that they were adequate for the job in hand, provided that additional manpower was available to constantly resharpen the ancient tools. They estimated they would",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6826135",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nthe Sphinx and Valley Temples, 35 boat pits cut out of solid bedrock, and several causeways, as well as paving nearly the entire plateau with large stones. This does not include Khafre's brother Djedefre's northern pyramid, Abu Rawash, which would have also been built during this time frame of 100 years. In the hundred years prior to Giza—beginning with Djoser, who ruled from 2687–2667 BC, and amongst dozens of other temples, smaller pyramids, and general construction projects—four other massive pyramids were built: the Step pyramid of Saqqara (believed to be the first Egyptian pyramid), the pyramid of Meidum, the Bent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6826136",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nPyramid, and the Red Pyramid. Also during this period (between 2686 and 2498 BC) the Sadd el-Kafara dam, which used an estimated 100,000 cubic meters of rock and rubble, was built. In October 2018, a team of archaeologists from the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale and University of Liverpool had announced the discovery of the remains of a 4,500-year-old ramp contraption at Hatnub, excavated since 2012. This method which aided in lifting the heavy alabaster stones up from their quarries, may have been used to build Egypt's Great Pyramid as well. Yannis Gourdon, co-director of the joint mission at Hatnub, said:",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1824846",
"chunk_text": "Pyramid\nbe plated with gold, silver, or electrum and would also be highly reflective. After 2700 BC, the ancient Egyptians began building pyramids, until around 1700 BC. The first pyramid was erected during the Third Dynasty by the Pharaoh Djoser and his architect Imhotep. This step pyramid consisted of six stacked mastabas. The largest Egyptian pyramids are those at the Giza pyramid complex. The Egyptian sun god Ra, considered the father of all pharaohs, was said to have created himself from a pyramid-shaped mound of earth before creating all other gods. The age of the pyramids reached its zenith at Giza",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1824847",
"chunk_text": "Pyramid\nin 2575–2150 BC. Ancient Egyptian pyramids were in most cases placed west of the river Nile because the divine pharaoh's soul was meant to join with the sun during its descent before continuing with the sun in its eternal round. As of 2008, some 135 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest in Egypt and one of the largest in the world. It was the tallest building in the world until Lincoln Cathedral was finished in 1311 AD. The base is over in area. While pyramids are associated with Egypt, the nation of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7546758",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nconcluding around 2560 BC. Initially at , the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by limestone casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been varying scientific and alternative theories about the Great Pyramid's construction techniques. Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3342177",
"chunk_text": "\"Giza pyramid complex\"\nin the afterlife. The tombs' proximity to the pyramids and the manner of burial supports the theory that they were paid laborers who took great pride in their work and were not slaves, as was previously thought. Evidence from the tombs indicates that a workforce of 10,000 laborers working in three-month shifts took around 30 years to build a pyramid. Most of the workers appear to have come from poor families. Specialists such as architects, masons, metalworkers and carpenters, were permanently employed by the king to fill positions that required the most skill. During the New Kingdom, Giza was still",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6826131",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nto Miroslav Verner, a workforce of no more than 30,000 was needed in the Great Pyramid's construction. Evidence suggests that around 5,000 were permanent workers on salaries with the balance working three- or four-month shifts in lieu of taxes while receiving subsistence \"\"wages\"\" of ten loaves of bread and a jug of beer per day. Zahi Hawass believes that the majority of workers may have been volunteers. It is estimated that only 4,000 of the total workforce were labourers who quarried the stone, hauled blocks to the pyramid and set the blocks in place. The vast majority of the workforce",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8536962",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nwhich may have been further divided according to the skills of the workers. One mystery of the pyramid's construction is its planning. John Romer suggests that they used the same method that had been used for earlier and later constructions, laying out parts of the plan on the ground at a 1-to-1 scale. He writes that \"\"such a working diagram would also serve to generate the architecture of the pyramid with precision unmatched by any other means\"\". He also argues for a 14-year time-span for its construction. A modern construction management study, in association with Mark Lehner and other Egyptologists,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14835183",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nthe pyramid for nobles. Egyptologists believe the pyramid was built as a tomb for the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (often Hellenized as \"\"Cheops\"\") and was constructed over a 20-year period. Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon) is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian Royal cubits tall (), but with erosion and absence of its pyramidion, its present height is . Each base side was 440 cubits, long. The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes. The volume, including",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15708857",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nwood, the longest long, the shortest . These were entrusted to a boat builder, Haj Ahmed Yusuf, who worked out how the pieces fit together. The entire process, including conservation and straightening of the warped wood, took fourteen years. The result is a cedar-wood boat long, its timbers held together by ropes, which is currently housed in a special boat-shaped, air-conditioned museum beside the pyramid. During construction of this museum, which stands above the boat pit, a second sealed boat pit was discovered. It was deliberately left unopened until 2011 when excavation began on the boat. Although succeeding pyramids were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11106862",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nfour cardinal compass points (within four minutes of arc) based on true north, not magnetic north, and the finished base was squared to a mean corner error of only 12 seconds of arc. The completed design dimensions, as suggested by Petrie's survey and subsequent studies, are estimated to have originally been 280 Egyptian Royal cubits high by 440 cubits long at each of the four sides of its base. The ratio of the perimeter to height of 1760/280 Egyptian Royal cubits equates to 2π to an accuracy of better than 0.05 percent (corresponding to the well-known approximation of π as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3883478",
"chunk_text": "\"Ancient Egyptian architecture\"\nas grave sites and also as a way to make their names last forever. The size and simple design show the high skill level of Egyptian design and engineering on a large scale. The Great Pyramid of Giza, which was probably completed c. 2580 BC, is the oldest of the Giza pyramids and the largest pyramid in the world, and is the only surviving monument of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The pyramid of Khafre is believed to have been completed around 2532 BC, at the end of Khafre's reign. Khafre ambitiously placed his pyramid next to his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11106865",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nTraditionally, ancient Egyptians cut stone blocks by hammering into them wooden wedges, which were then soaked with water. As the water was absorbed, the wedges expanded, causing the rock to crack. Once they were cut, they were carried by boat either up or down the Nile River to the pyramid. It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of granite (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid. At completion, the Great Pyramid was surfaced by white \"\"casing stones\"\"—slant-faced, but flat-topped, blocks of highly polished white limestone. These",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9992797",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramids\"\nEgyptian pyramids The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt. As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids. Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis. The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser, which was built 2630–2610 BC during the Third Dynasty. This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8607655",
"chunk_text": "Neferefre\ncanon which credits Neferefre with less than two full years of reign. The combination of archaeological and historical evidence led to the consensus that Neferefre's reign lasted \"\"not longer than about two years\"\". Neferefre started the construction of a pyramid for himself in the royal necropolis of Abusir, where his father and grandfather had built their own pyramids. It was known to the Ancient Egyptians as \"\"Netjeribau Raneferef\"\" meaning \"\"The bas of Neferefre are divine\"\". Planned with a square base of , the pyramid of Neferefre was to be larger than those of Userkaf and Sahure, but smaller than that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9921868",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\na two-ton stone with 12 to 20 men. The wood for these sledges and tracks would have to have been imported from Lebanon at great cost since there was little, if any, wood in ancient Egypt. While the builders failed to duplicate the precise jointing created by the ancient Egyptians, Hopkins was confident that this could have been achieved with more practice. Some research suggests alternate estimates to the accepted workforce size. For instance, mathematician Kurt Mendelssohn calculated that the workforce may have been 50,000 men at most, while Ludwig Borchardt and Louis Croon placed the number at 36,000. According",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1936533",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nbe cast in place, on top of and pressed against the old blocks. Proof-of-concept tests using similar compounds were carried out at a geopolymer institute in northern France and it was found that a crew of five to ten, working with simple hand tools, could agglomerate a structure of five, 1.3 to 4.5 ton blocks in a couple of weeks. He also claims that the Famine Stele, along with other hieroglyphic texts, describe the technology of stone agglomeration. Davidovits's method is not accepted by the academic mainstream. His method does not explain the granite stones, weighing well over 10 tons,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4943430",
"chunk_text": "\"Old Kingdom of Egypt\"\nBC), which began with Sneferu (2613–2589 BC). After Djoser, Pharaoh Snefru was the next great pyramid builder. Snefru commissioned the building of not one, but three pyramids. The first is called the Meidum pyramid, named for its location in Egypt. Snefru abandoned it after the outside casing fell off of the pyramid. The Meidum pyramid was the first to have an above-ground burial chamber. Using more stones than any other Pharaoh, he built the three pyramids: a now collapsed pyramid in Meidum, the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur, and the Red Pyramid, at North Dahshur. However, the full development of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13863998",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Cholula\"\nuntil it became the largest in Mexico by volume. The temple-pyramid complex was built in four stages, starting from the 3rd century BC through the 9th century AD, and was dedicated to the deity Quetzalcoatl. It has a base of and a height of 66 m (217 ft). According to the \"\"Guinness Book of Records,\"\" it is in fact the largest pyramid as well as the largest monument ever constructed anywhere in the world, with a total volume estimated at over 4.45 million cubic metres, even larger than that of the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which is about",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5810837",
"chunk_text": "\"History of construction\"\ntheories centre on the use of ramps. Imhotep, who lived circa 2650–2600 BC, is credited with being the first recorded architect and engineer. The pyramids are chiefly impressive for their enormous size and the staggering manpower that must have been employed in their construction. The largest is the Great Pyramid of Giza which remained the tallest structure in the world for 3800 years (see List of tallest freestanding structures in the world). The engineering problems involved were chiefly to do with the transport of blocks, sometimes over long distances, their movement into location and exact alignment. It is now generally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15424842",
"chunk_text": "\"Pyramid of Djoser\"\nand developments of the original plan. The pyramid originally stood tall, with a base of and was clad in polished white limestone. The step pyramid (or proto-pyramid) is considered to be the earliest large-scale cut stone construction, although the nearby enclosure of Gisr el-Mudir predates the complex, and the South American pyramids at Caral are contemporary. Djoser was the first or second king of the 3rd Dynasty (c. 2667–2648 BC) of the Egyptian Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2125 BC). He is believed to have ruled for 19 years or, if the 19 years were biennial taxation years, 38 years. He reigned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "275815",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\neven earlier 4th Dynasty pyramids. Carbon dating samples from core blocks and other materials revealed that dates from the 1984 study averaged 374 years earlier than currently accepted and the 1995 dating averaging 100–200 years. As suggested by team members, \"\"We thought that it was unlikely that the pyramid builders consistently used centuries-old wood as fuel in preparing mortar. The 1984 results left us with too little data to conclude that the historical chronology of the Old Kingdom was wrong by nearly 400 years, but we considered this at least a possibility\"\". To explain this discrepancy, Egyptologists proposed the \"\"old",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6826115",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nused to build the pyramids. One of the widely discredited ramping methods is the large straight ramp, and it is routinely discredited on functional grounds for its massive size, lack of archaeological evidence, huge labor cost, and other problems (Arnold 1991: 99, Lehner 1997: 215, Isler 2001: 213). Other ramps serve to correct these problems of ramp size, yet either run into critiques of functionality and limited archaeological evidence. There are zig-zagging ramps, straight ramps using the incomplete part of the superstructure (Arnold 1991), spiraling ramps supported by the superstructure and spiraling ramps leaning on the monument as a large",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15708825",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\na level bed, which enabled the masons to set the stones exactly. Many alternative, often contradictory, theories have been proposed regarding the pyramid's construction techniques. Many disagree on whether the blocks were dragged, lifted, or even rolled into place. The Greeks believed that slave labour was used, but modern discoveries made at nearby workers' camps associated with construction at Giza suggest that it was built instead by tens of thousands of skilled workers. Verner posited that the labour was organized into a hierarchy, consisting of two \"\"gangs\"\" of 100,000 men, divided into five \"\"zaa\"\" or \"\"phyle\"\" of 20,000 men each,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1936506",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nGreeks, many years after the event, believed that the pyramids must have been built by slave labor. Archaeologists now believe that the Great Pyramid of Giza (at least) was built by tens of thousands of skilled workers who camped near the pyramids and worked for a salary or as a form of tax payment (levy) until the construction was completed, pointing to workers' cemeteries discovered in 1990 by archaeologists Zahi Hawass and Mark Lehner. For the Middle Kingdom Pyramid of Amenemhat II, there is evidence from the annal stone of the king that foreigners from Canaan were used. Pseudoscientific theories",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14986417",
"chunk_text": "\"Bent Pyramid\"\npyramids (see Step pyramid). It has been suggested that due to the steepness of the original angle of inclination the structure may have begun to show signs of instability during construction, forcing the builders to adopt a shallower angle to avert the structure's collapse. This theory appears to be borne out by the fact that the adjacent Red Pyramid, built immediately afterwards by the same Pharaoh, was constructed at an angle of 43 degrees from its base. This fact also contradicts the theory that at the initial angle the construction would take too long because Sneferu's death was nearing, so",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14900768",
"chunk_text": "\"Time pyramid\"\nor some form of scaffolding such as an earthen ramp used as an incline. The planned third layer will consist of 16 blocks arranged in 4 by 4 with a presumptive stage completion date of 3143. The planned final, fourth layer consists of 4 blocks, arranged in 2 by 2, upon completion of which the structure will be finished, having taken just shy of a decade less time to build than Wemding had been in existence at the time the first block was laid. The pyramid, when completed in the year 3183, is scheduled to consist of 120 stone or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7546776",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nwere carefully cut to what is approximately a face slope with a seked of 5 palms to give the required dimensions. Visibly, all that remains is the underlying stepped core structure seen today. In AD 1303, a massive earthquake loosened many of the outer casing stones, which were then carted away by Bahri Sultan An-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din al-Hasan in 1356 to build mosques and fortresses in nearby Cairo. Many more casing stones were removed from the great pyramids by Muhammad Ali Pasha in the early 19th century to build the upper portion of his Alabaster Mosque in Cairo, not far from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "15708797",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Pyramid of Giza\"\nGreat Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10- to 20-year period",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10974643",
"chunk_text": "Khufu\nthe pyramid itself there passed a period of 20 years; and the pyramid is square, each side measuring 800 feet, and the height of it is the same. It is built of stone smoothed and fitted together in the most perfect manner, not one of the stones being less than 30 feet in length. This pyramid was made after the manner of steps, which some call 'rows' and others 'bases': When they had first made it thus, they raised the remaining stones with devices made of short pieces of timber, lifting them first from the ground to the first stage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16121221",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nis similar to Isler's method and instead used small manufactured concrete blocks as shims, wooden pallets, and a pit where their experimental tests were performed. Keable was able to perform his method in approximately 2 minutes. Scott Hussey-Pailos's (2005) method uses a simple levering device to lift a block up a course in one movement. This method was tested with materials of less strength than historical analogs (tested with materials weaker than those available in ancient Egypt), a factor of safety of 2, and lifted a 2500-pound block up one course in under a minute. This method is presented as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16121212",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramid construction techniques\"\nBC) visited the Egyptian pyramids during the 7th century BC and by using the intercept theorem, also known as Thales's theorem, measured their height and thus their volume. The first historical accounts of the construction of these monuments came centuries after the era of pyramid construction, by Herodotus in the 5th century BC and Diodorus Siculus in the 1st century BC. Herodotus's account states: Diodorus Siculus's account states: Diodorus Siculus's description of the shipment of the stone from Arabia is correct since the term \"\"Arabia\"\" those days implied the land between the Nile and the Red Sea where the limestone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20256027",
"chunk_text": "\"History of structural engineering\"\nHistory of structural engineering The history of structural engineering dates back to at least 2700 BC when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep, the first engineer in history known by name. Pyramids were the most common major structures built by ancient civilizations because it is a structural form which is inherently stable and can be almost infinitely scaled (as opposed to most other structural forms, which cannot be linearly increased in size in proportion to increased loads). Another notable engineering feat from antiquity still in use today is the qanat water management system. Qanat technology developed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2585412",
"chunk_text": "Pyramid\nconstruction in Cairo. It remains the tallest pyramid. The Mesopotamians built the earliest pyramidal structures, called \"\"ziggurats\"\". In ancient times, these were brightly painted in gold/bronze. Since they were constructed of sun-dried mud-brick, little remains of them. Ziggurats were built by the Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Akkadians, and Assyrians for local religions. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex which included other buildings. The precursors of the ziggurat were raised platforms that date from the Ubaid period during the fourth millennium BC. The earliest ziggurats began near the end of the Early Dynastic Period. The latest Mesopotamian ziggurats date from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12825835",
"chunk_text": "\"History of science and technology in Africa\"\nstep pyramid built at Saqqara is the oldest major stone building in the world. The Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years. The earliest style of Nubian architecture included the speos, structures carved out of solid rock, an A-Group (3700–3250 BCE) achievement. Egyptians made extensive use of the process at Speos Artemidos and Abu Simbel. Sudan, site of ancient Nubia, has more pyramids than anywhere in the world, even more than Egypt, a total of 223 pyramids exist. Aksumites built in stone. Monolithic stelae on top of the graves of kings like King",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20475331",
"chunk_text": "\"Seti I\"\nSeti was constructed in what is now known as Qurna (Mortuary Temple of Seti I), on the west bank of the Nile at Thebes while a magnificent temple made of white limestone at Abydos featuring exquisite relief scenes was started by Seti, and later completed by his son. His capital was at Memphis. He was considered a great king by his peers, but his fame has been overshadowed since ancient times by that of his son, Ramesses II. Seti I's reign length was either 11 or 15 full years. Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen has estimated that it was 15 years, but",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9992798",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramids\"\nmonumental structures constructed of dressed masonry. The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built. The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence. By the time of the Early Dynastic Period, those with sufficient means were buried in bench-like structures known as mastabas. The second historically-documented Egyptian pyramid is attributed to the architect Imhotep, who planned what Egyptologists believe to be a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2585418",
"chunk_text": "Pyramid\nAhmose I who founded the 18th Dynasty and the New Kingdom. The building of pyramids began in the Third Dynasty with the reign of King Djoser. Early kings such as Snefru built several pyramids, with subsequent kings adding to the number of pyramids until the end of the Middle Kingdom. The last king to build royal pyramids was Ahmose, with later kings hiding their tombs in the hills, such as those in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor's West Bank. In Medinat Habu, or Deir el-Medina, smaller pyramids were built by individuals. Smaller pyramids were also built by the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3904796",
"chunk_text": "\"Buried Pyramid\"\nBuried Pyramid The Buried Pyramid (also called the Pyramid of Sekhemkhet) is an unfinished step pyramid constructed ca. 2645 BC for Sekhemkhet Djoserty. This pharaoh was the second of the Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, which reigned over Egypt circa 2686–2613 BC and is usually placed at the beginning of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Many historians believe that the third dynasty played an important role in the transition from Early Dynastic Period of Egypt to the Age of the Pyramids. The pyramid may be visited, but the public is not allowed access to the base and substructures. Sekhemkhet Djoserty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6663089",
"chunk_text": "\"Great Sphinx of Giza\"\nNew Kingdom () to the Great Sphinx more specifically. Medieval Arab writers, including al-Maqrīzī, call the Sphinx \"\"balhib\"\" and \"\"bilhaw\"\", which suggest a Coptic influence. The modern Egyptian Arabic name is (, ). Though there have been conflicting evidence and viewpoints over the years, the view held by modern Egyptology at large remains that the Great Sphinx was built in approximately 2500 BC for the pharaoh Khafra, the builder of the Second Pyramid at Giza. Selim Hassan, writing in 1949 on recent excavations of the Sphinx enclosure, summed up the problem: The \"\"circumstantial\"\" evidence mentioned by Hassan includes the Sphinx's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15424841",
"chunk_text": "\"Pyramid of Djoser\"\nPyramid of Djoser The Pyramid of Djoser (or Djeser and Zoser), or Step Pyramid (\"\"kbhw-ntrw\"\" in Egyptian) is an archeological remain in the Saqqara necropolis, Egypt, northwest of the city of Memphis. The earliest colossal stone building in Egypt, it was built in the 27th century BC during the Third Dynasty for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser by his vizier, Imhotep. The pyramid is the central feature of a vast mortuary complex in an enormous courtyard surrounded by ceremonial structures and decoration. The pyramid consisted of six mastabas (of decreasing size) built atop one another in what were clearly revisions",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9992800",
"chunk_text": "\"Egyptian pyramids\"\ntime that the most famous pyramids, the Giza pyramid complex, were built. Over time, as authority became less centralized, the ability and willingness to harness the resources required for construction on a massive scale decreased, and later pyramids were smaller, less well-built and often hastily constructed. Long after the end of Egypt's own pyramid-building period, a burst of pyramid-building occurred in what is present-day Sudan, after much of Egypt came under the rule of the Kingdom of Kush, which was then based at Napata. While Napatan rule was brief, ending in 661 BC, Egyptian culture made an indelible impression. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_952
|
which is the world's largest company in terms of revenue?
|
n/a
|
[
"Walmart"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14242771",
"chunk_text": "\"World's largest airlines\"\nWorld's largest airlines The world's largest airlines can be defined in several ways. American Airlines Group is the largest by its fleet size, revenue, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile. Delta Air Lines is the largest by assets value and market capitalization. Lufthansa Group is the largest by number of employees, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served and UPS Airlines by number of destinations served. Note that Emirates is a government-owned company and is thus not included in this list of public companies. Its 2014-2015 revenue was billion ( billion), profit billion (",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6735651",
"chunk_text": "\"Apple Inc.\"\nof environmental projects. Apple is the world's largest information technology company by revenue, the world's largest technology company by total assets, and the world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung. In its fiscal year ending in September 2011, Apple Inc. reported a total of $108billion in annual revenues—a significant increase from its 2010 revenues of $65billion—and nearly $82billion in cash reserves. On March 19, 2012, Apple announced plans for a $2.65-per-share dividend beginning in fourth quarter of 2012, per approval by their board of directors. The company's worldwide annual revenue in 2013 totaled $170billion. In May 2013, Apple entered the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4098371",
"chunk_text": "Walmart\nJapan, and as Best Price in India. It has wholly owned operations in Argentina, Chile, Canada, and South Africa. Since August 2018, Walmart only holds a minority stake in Walmart Brasil, with 20% of the company's shares, and private equity firm Advent International holding 80% ownership of the company. Walmart is the world's largest company by revenue—over US$500 billion, according to Fortune Global 500 list in 2018—as well as the largest private employer in the world with 2.3million employees. It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family. Sam Walton's heirs own over",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6735530",
"chunk_text": "\"Apple Inc.\"\nCEO. Two months later, Jobs died, marking the end of an era for the company. Apple is well known for its size and revenues. Its worldwide annual revenue totaled $265billion for the 2018 fiscal year. Apple is the world's largest information technology company by revenue and the world's third-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung and Huawei. In August 2018, Apple became the first public U.S. company to be valued at over US$1 trillion. The company employs 123,000 full-time employees and maintains 504 retail stores in 24 countries . It operates the iTunes Store, which is the world's largest music retailer.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12740139",
"chunk_text": "\"Nestlé\"\nNestlé Nestlé S.A. (, ; ) is a Swiss transnational food and drink company headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is the largest food company in the world, measured by revenues and other metrics, since 2014. It ranked No. 64 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2017 and No. 33 on the 2016 edition of the Forbes Global 2000 list of largest public companies. Nestlé's products include baby food, medical food, bottled water, breakfast cereals, coffee and tea, confectionery, dairy products, ice cream, frozen food, pet foods, and snacks. Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over CHF1 billion",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6042907",
"chunk_text": "\"Apple Inc.\"\nof $250 billion, officially confirmed by Apple as specifically $256.8 billion a few days later. , Apple is the largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization. On August 2, 2018, Apple became the first publicly traded U.S. company to reach a $1 trillion market value. Apple is currently ranked #4 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. Apple has created subsidiaries in low-tax places such as Ireland, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and the British Virgin Islands to cut the taxes it pays around the world. According to \"\"The New York Times,\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4008834",
"chunk_text": "\"UnitedHealth Group\"\nUnitedHealth Group UnitedHealth Group Inc. is an American for-profit managed health care company based in Minnetonka, Minnesota. As of 2018, it is ranked #5 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. UnitedHealth Group offers health care products and insurance services. UnitedHealth Group is the largest healthcare company in the world by revenue with $201 billion in 2017. UnitedHealth Group subsidiary companies together serves approximately 115 million individuals in 2016. Beginning in 2011 and continuing into 2012, UnitedHealth Group implemented an enterprise reorganization. This coincided with retiring brands adopted following the various acquisitions of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20307576",
"chunk_text": "AT&T\nAT&T AT&T Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas. It is the world's largest telecommunications company, the second largest provider of mobile telephone services, and the largest provider of fixed telephone services in the United States through AT&T Communications. Since June 14, 2018, it is also the parent company of mass media conglomerate WarnerMedia, making it the world's largest media and entertainment company in terms of revenue. , AT&T is ranked #9 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. AT&T began its history as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4872356",
"chunk_text": "Nokia\nNokia Nokia Corporation (commonly referred to as Nokia; , , ) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics company, founded in 1865. Nokia's headquarters are in Espoo, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area. In 2017, Nokia employed approximately 102,000 people across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. It is the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues according to the \"\"Fortune Global 500,\"\" having peaked at 85th place",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13661294",
"chunk_text": "\"Royal Dutch Shell\"\nRoyal Dutch Shell Royal Dutch Shell plc (, ), commonly known as Shell, is a British-Dutch oil and gas company headquartered in the Netherlands and incorporated in the United Kingdom. It is one of the six oil and gas \"\"supermajors\"\" and the sixth-largest company in the world measured by 2016 revenues (and the largest based in Europe). Shell was first in the 2013 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies; in that year its revenues were equivalent to 84% of the Dutch national $556 billion GDP. Shell is vertically integrated and is active in every area of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6272409",
"chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\nrights. When it comes to trade in intellectual property, the United States remains unrivalled. Income from royalties and licensing amounted to $129.2 billion in 2013, the highest in the world. Japan comes a distant second, with receipts of $31.6 billion in 2013. The United States' payments for use of intellectual property amounted to $39.0 billion in 2013, exceeded only by Ireland ($46.4 billion). In 2011, the 20 largest U.S.-based companies by revenue were Walmart, ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Fannie Mae, General Electric, Berkshire Hathaway, General Motors, Ford Motor Company, Hewlett-Packard, AT&T, Cargill, McKesson Corporation, Bank of America, Federal Home Loan Mortgage",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12155484",
"chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\nCorporation, Apple Inc., Verizon, JPMorgan Chase, and Cardinal Health. In 2013, eight of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization were American: Apple Inc., ExxonMobil, Berkshire Hathaway, Walmart, General Electric, Microsoft, IBM, and Chevron Corporation. According to Fortune Global 500 2011, the ten largest U.S. employers were Walmart, U.S. Postal Service, IBM, UPS, McDonald's, Target Corporation, Kroger, The Home Depot, General Electric, and Sears Holdings. Apple, Google, IBM, McDonald's, and Microsoft are the world's five most valuable brands in an index published by Millward Brown. A 2012 Deloitte report published in \"\"STORES\"\" magazine indicated that of the world's top",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18057325",
"chunk_text": "\"Big business\"\nBig business Big business involves large-scale corporate-controlled financial or business activities. As a term, it describes activities that run from \"\"huge transactions\"\" to the more general \"\"doing big things\"\". The concept first rose in a symbolic sense after 1880 in connection with the combination movement that began in American business at that time. United States corporations that fall into the category of \"\"big business\"\" include ExxonMobil, Walmart, Google, Microsoft, Apple, General Electric, General Motors, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, and JPMorgan Chase. The largest German corporations included Daimler AG, Deutsche Telekom, Siemens, and Deutsche Bank. Among the largest companies in the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17480214",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Apple Inc.\"\na leader in the consumer electronics and media sales industries, leading it to drop \"\"Computer\"\" from the company's name in 2007. The company is now also known for its iOS range of smart phone, media player, and tablet computer products that began with the iPhone, followed by the iPod Touch and then iPad. , Apple was the largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization, with an estimated value of US$1 trillion as of August 2, 2018. Apple's worldwide annual revenue in 2010 totaled US$65 billion, growing to US$127.8 billion in 2011 and $156 billion in 2012. Steve",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14652311",
"chunk_text": "\"UnitedHealth Group\"\n1999 as a not for profit private foundation, the United Health Foundation has committed more than $170 million to improve health and health care. UnitedHealth Group UnitedHealth Group Inc. is an American for-profit managed health care company based in Minnetonka, Minnesota. As of 2018, it is ranked #5 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. UnitedHealth Group offers health care products and insurance services. UnitedHealth Group is the largest healthcare company in the world by revenue with $201 billion in 2017. UnitedHealth Group subsidiary companies together serves approximately 115 million individuals in 2016.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14242772",
"chunk_text": "\"World's largest airlines\"\nbillion), and assets billion ( billion) with 56,725 employees. The IATA reports numbers for individual air operator's certificates and groups of multiple airlines can report larger numbers. \"\"Airline holding groups\"\" \"\"Individual airlines\"\" World's largest airlines The world's largest airlines can be defined in several ways. American Airlines Group is the largest by its fleet size, revenue, profit, passengers carried and revenue passenger mile. Delta Air Lines is the largest by assets value and market capitalization. Lufthansa Group is the largest by number of employees, FedEx Express by freight tonne-kilometers, Turkish Airlines by number of countries served and UPS Airlines by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16311271",
"chunk_text": "\"Stock market\"\nin various ways. One way is by the country where the company is domiciled. For example, Nestlé and Novartis are domiciled in Switzerland, so they may be considered as part of the Swiss stock market, although their stock may also be traded on exchanges in other countries, for example, as American depository receipts (ADRs) on U.S. stock markets. As of mid 2017, the size of the world stock market (total market capitalization) was about US$76.3 trillion. By country, the largest market was the United States (about 34%), followed by Japan (about 6%) and the United Kingdom (about 6%). These numbers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18210467",
"chunk_text": "\"Saudi Aramco\"\nSaudi Aramco Saudi Aramco ( '), officially the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, (formerly Arabian-American Oil Company), is a Saudi Arabian national petroleum and natural gas company based in Dhahran. It is one of the largest companies in the world by revenue, and according to accounts seen by Bloomberg News, the most profitable company in the world. Saudi Aramco has both the world's second-largest proven crude oil reserves, at more than , and second-largest daily oil production. Saudi Aramco's financial data were leaked in April 2018 and according to Bloomberg's analysts the company could be valued at $1.2 trillion, significantly lower",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "691573",
"chunk_text": "\"Nielsen Holdings\"\nthe impact of their promotion budgets and optimize their product assortment. They also can provide insights into how changes in product offerings, pricing or marketing would change sales. Major clients include The Coca-Cola Company, Nestlé S.A., The Procter & Gamble Company, Unilever Group, and Walmart. While the United States is the company's largest market, Nielsen is a global company. In the Buy business, it covers 106 countries representing more than 90% of the world's population. Nielsen's Watch segment (approx. 55% of global revenues) primarily measures what consumers are watching (and listening to) across most devices: TV, radio, computers, mobile, over-the-top,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20006162",
"chunk_text": "\"Fortune Global 500\"\nFortune Global 500 The Fortune Global 500, also known as Global 500, is an annual ranking of the top 500 corporations worldwide as measured by revenue and the list is compiled and published annually by \"\"Fortune\"\" magazine. Until 1989, it listed only non-United States industrial corporations under the title \"\"International 500\"\" while the Fortune 500 contained and still contains exclusively United States corporations. In 1990, United States companies were added to compile a truly global list of top industrial corporations as ranked by sales. Since 1995, the list has had its current form, listing also top financial corporations and service",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20307615",
"chunk_text": "AT&T\nprograms would be able to \"\"clearly take into account the attributes associated with the products they purchase\"\" and, thus, be able to distinguish them. AT&T AT&T Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas. It is the world's largest telecommunications company, the second largest provider of mobile telephone services, and the largest provider of fixed telephone services in the United States through AT&T Communications. Since June 14, 2018, it is also the parent company of mass media conglomerate WarnerMedia, making it the world's largest media and entertainment company in terms of revenue.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16850064",
"chunk_text": "\"Multinational corporation\"\nbecome the largest company in the world for nearly 200 years. The main characteristics of multinational companies are: Multinational corporations can select from a variety of jurisdictions for various subsidiaries, but the ultimate parent company can select a single legal domicile; as of 2014, the Netherlands has been a popular choice, as it has fewer requirements for meetings, compensation, and audit committees. As of 2014, Great Britain had advantages due to laws on withholding dividends and a double-taxation treaty with the United States. Corporations can legally engage in tax avoidance through their jurisdiction, but must be careful to avoid illegal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2104264",
"chunk_text": "\"Alibaba Group\"\nAlibaba Group Alibaba Group Holding Limited () is a Chinese multinational conglomerate specializing in e-commerce, retail, Internet, AI and technology. Founded April 4, 1999, the company provides consumer-to-consumer, business-to-consumer and business-to-business sales services via web portals, as well as electronic payment services, shopping search engines and cloud computing services. It owns and operates a diverse array of businesses around the world in numerous sectors, and is named as one of the world's most admired companies by Fortune. At closing time on the date of its initial public offering (IPO) – US$25 billion – the world's highest in history, 19 September",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8531819",
"chunk_text": "\"General Motors\"\nGeneral Motors General Motors Company, commonly referred to as General Motors (GM), is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services, with global headquarters in Detroit's Renaissance Center. It was originally founded by William C. Durant on September 16, 1908 as a holding company. The company is the largest American automobile manufacturer, and one of the world's largest. As of 2018, General Motors is ranked #10 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. General Motors manufactures vehicles in 37 countries;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20976276",
"chunk_text": "\"Principal Financial Group\"\non \"\"Fortune\"\" magazine's list of the 500 largest U.S. corporations by revenue. In 2013, Principal earned the top spot in its category for the second year in a row of Pensions & Investments' annual survey of \"\"Best Places to Work\"\" in \"\"Money Management\"\". In 2013, Principal ranked 528th on the Forbes Global 2000 list, which recognizes the world's biggest and most powerful companies, as measured by a composite ranking for sales profits, assets and market value (as of April 2013). Four segments comprise the company: Retirement and Income Solutions, Principal Global Investors, Principal International, and U.S. Insurance Solutions. The company",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "170749",
"chunk_text": "Switzerland\nthe world's largest account balances as a percentage of GDP. Switzerland is home to several large multinational corporations. The largest Swiss companies by revenue are Glencore, Gunvor, Nestlé, Novartis, Hoffmann-La Roche, ABB, Mercuria Energy Group and Adecco. Also, notable are UBS AG, Zurich Financial Services, Credit Suisse, Barry Callebaut, Swiss Re, Tetra Pak, The Swatch Group and Swiss International Air Lines. Switzerland is ranked as having one of the most powerful economies in the world. Switzerland's most important economic sector is manufacturing. Manufacturing consists largely of the production of specialist chemicals, health and pharmaceutical goods, scientific and precision measuring instruments",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6187528",
"chunk_text": "\"State Grid Corporation of China\"\nState Grid Corporation of China The State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC; ), commonly known as the State Grid, is the state-owned electric utility monopoly of China. It is the largest utility company in the world, and as of 2018, the world's second largest company overall by revenue. In 2016/17 it was reported as having 927,839 employees, 1.1 billion customers and revenue of 363.125 billion dollars. After the electricity \"\"Plant-Grid Separation\"\" reform in early 2002, the assets of State Electric Power Corporation (国家电力公司) were divided into the five \"\"power generation groups\"\" that retained the power plants and five regional subsidiaries",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16030960",
"chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\n250 largest retailers by retail sales revenue in fiscal year 2010, 32% of those retailers were based in the United States, and those 32% accounted for 41% of the total retail sales revenue of the top 250. Amazon is the world's largest online retailer. Half of the world's 20 largest semiconductor manufacturers by sales were American-origin in 2011. Most of the world's largest charitable foundations were founded by Americans. American producers create nearly all of the world's highest-grossing films. Many of the world's best-selling music artists are based in the United States. U.S. tourism sector welcomes approximately 60 million international",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "607494",
"chunk_text": "Unilever\nUnilever Unilever is a British-Dutch transnational consumer goods company co-headquartered in London, United Kingdom and Rotterdam, Netherlands. Its products include food and beverages (about 40 percent of its revenue), cleaning agents and personal care products. It is the world's largest consumer goods company measured by 2012 revenue. It is Europe’s seventh most valuable company. Unilever is one of the oldest multinational companies; its products are available in around 190 countries. Unilever owns over 400 brands, with a turnover in 2017 of 53.7 billion euros, and thirteen brands with sales of over one billion euros: Axe/Lynx, Dove, Omo, Heartbrand ice creams,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4534450",
"chunk_text": "\"Morgan Stanley\"\nMorgan Stanley Morgan Stanley is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered at 1585 Broadway in the Morgan Stanley Building, Midtown Manhattan, New York City. With offices in more than 42 countries and more than 55,000 employees, the firm's clients include corporations, governments, institutions and individuals. Morgan Stanley ranked No. 67 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. The original Morgan Stanley, formed by J.P. Morgan & Co. partners Henry Sturgis Morgan (grandson of J.P. Morgan), Harold Stanley and others, came into existence on September 16, 1935, in response",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3519196",
"chunk_text": "\"Reliance Industries\"\nReliance Industries Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is an Indian conglomerate holding company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Reliance owns businesses across India engaged in energy, petrochemicals, textiles, natural resources, retail, and telecommunications. Reliance is one of the most profitable companies in India, the largest publicly traded company in India by market capitalization, and the second largest company in India as measured by revenue after the government-controlled Indian Oil Corporation. On 18 October 2007, Reliance Industries became the first Indian company to breach $100 billion market capitalization. The company is ranked 203rd on the \"\"Fortune Global 500\"\" list of the world's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15543752",
"chunk_text": "\"Berkshire Hathaway\"\ntraded companies, but more recently he has more frequently bought whole companies. Berkshire now owns a diverse range of businesses including confectionery, retail, railroads, home furnishings, encyclopedias, manufacturers of vacuum cleaners, jewelry sales, newspaper publishing, manufacture and distribution of uniforms, and several regional electric and gas utilities. According to the Forbes Global 2000 list and formula, Berkshire Hathaway is the third largest public company in the world, the ninth largest conglomerate by revenue and the largest financial services company by revenue in the world. Berkshire is currently the seventh largest company in the S&P 500 Index by market capitalization, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3011235",
"chunk_text": "\"Wells Fargo\"\nWells Fargo Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with central offices throughout the United States. It is the world's second-largest bank by market capitalization and the fourth largest bank in the US by total assets. Wells Fargo is ranked #26 on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest US corporations by total revenue. In July 2015, Wells Fargo became the world's largest bank by market capitalization, edging past ICBC, before slipping behind JPMorgan Chase in September 2016, in the wake of a scandal involving the creation of over 2",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10780191",
"chunk_text": "Allianz\nAllianz Allianz SE ( ; ) is a European financial services company headquartered in Munich, Germany. Its core businesses are insurance and asset management. As of 2014, it is the world's largest insurance company, the largest financial services group and the largest company according to a composite measure by \"\"Forbes\"\" magazine, as well as the largest financial services company when measured by 2013 revenue. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. Its asset management division, which consists of PIMCO and Allianz Global Investors, has €1,960 billion of assets under management (AuM), of which €1,448",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Rosneft\nassets of former oil company Yukos at state-run auctions. After acquiring OJSC TNK-BP in 2013, then-one of the largest oil companies of Russia, Rosneft became the world's largest publicly-traded petroleum company. Rosneft is the third largest company of Russia and the second-largest state-controlled company after Gazprom in Russia in terms of revenue (₽4,134 billion). Internationally, it is one of the largest oil companies, ranking 24 in terms of revenue. The company operates in more than twenty countries around the world. Rosneft had played a major role in the history of Russia's oil industry. The first mentioning of the name Rosneft",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "8795193",
"chunk_text": "ExxonMobil\nby using a membrane and osmosis instead of heat. However, it is unlikely the company will commercialize these projects before 2030. In 2005, ExxonMobil surpassed Wal-Mart as the world's largest publicly held corporation when measured by revenue, although Wal-Mart remained the largest by number of employees. ExxonMobil's $340 billion revenues in 2005 were a 25.5 percent increase over their 2004 revenues. In 2006, Wal-Mart recaptured the lead with revenues of $348.7 billion against ExxonMobil's $335.1. ExxonMobil continued to lead the world in both profits ($39.5 billion in 2006) and market value ($460.43 billion). In 2007, ExxonMobil had a record net",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "11258778",
"chunk_text": "\"HCL Technologies\"\noperates across sectors including aerospace and defense, automotive, banking, capital markets, chemical and process industries, consumer goods, energy and utilities, healthcare, hi-tech, industrial manufacturing, insurance, life sciences, manufacturing, media and entertainment, mining and natural resources, oil and gas, retail, telecom, and travel, transportation, logistics & hospitality. HCL Technologies is on the Forbes Global 2000 list. It is among the top 20 largest publicly traded companies in India with a market capitalisation of $18.7 billion as of May 2017. As of May 2018, the company, along with its subsidiaries, had a consolidated revenue of $7.8 billion. HCL Enterprise was founded in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "6735652",
"chunk_text": "\"Apple Inc.\"\ntop ten of the Fortune 500 list of companies for the first time, rising 11 places above its 2012 ranking to take the sixth position. , Apple has around US$234billion of cash and marketable securities, of which 90% is located outside the United States for tax purposes. Apple amassed 65% of all profits made by the eight largest worldwide smartphone manufacturers in quarter one of 2014, according to a report by Canaccord Genuity. In the first quarter of 2015, the company garnered 92% of all earnings. On April 30, 2017, \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" reported that Apple had cash reserves",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "691566",
"chunk_text": "\"Nielsen Holdings\"\nNielsen Holdings Nielsen Holdings PLC (formerly known as Nielsen N.V.) is a global information, data and measurement company with headquarters in New York City, USA. Nielsen operates in over 100 countries and employs approximately 44,000 people worldwide. Total revenues were $6.2 billion in 2016. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and is currently a component of the S&P 500. In 2018, American Marketing Association ranked Nielsen number 1 among top 50 Market Research Firms in the United States. Nielsen was founded in 1923 by Arthur C. Nielsen, Sr., who invented an approach to measuring competitive",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "14751513",
"chunk_text": "\"Sony Entertainment\"\nSony Entertainment Sony Entertainment, Inc. is a global entertainment company established in 2012. It focuses on Sony's motion picture, television, and music businesses. It is currently the world's seventh largest entertainment company in terms of revenue, alongside AT&T, Comcast, The Walt Disney Company, 21st Century Fox, National Amusements and [[Bertelsmann|<nowiki>Bertelsmann.</nowiki> On March 30, 2012, [[Michael Lynton]], co-chairman and CEO of [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] (SPE), was named as CEO of Sony Corporation of America to oversee all of Sony's global entertainment businesses and [[Nicole Seligman]], Executive Vice President and General Counsel of Sony Corporation, was named as president. On April 9,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "6036639",
"chunk_text": "\"Amazon (company)\"\nsite with a sales revenue model; Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products. , Amazon.com is ranked 8th on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. For the fiscal year 2017, Amazon reported earnings of US$3.03 billion, with an annual revenue of US$177.866 billion, an increase of 30.8% over the previous fiscal cycle. Since 2007 sales increased from 14.835 billion to 177.866 billion, thanks to continued business",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "15969723",
"chunk_text": "\"Nestlé\"\naccusing Nestle of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestle to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board. In September 2018, Nestlé announced to sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion. Nestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 231",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_id": "13401966",
"chunk_text": "\"Vinci SA\"\nVinci SA Vinci, corporately styled VINCI, is a French concessions and construction company founded in 1899 as Société Générale d'Enterprises. It employs over 194,000 people, operates in more than 100 countries and is the largest construction company in the world by revenue. Vinci is listed on Euronext's Paris stock exchange and is a member of the Euro Stoxx 50 index. Its head office is in Rueil-Malmaison, in the western suburbs of Paris. The company was founded by Alexandre Giros and Louis Loucheur as Société Générale d’Entreprises S.A. (SGE) in 1899. In 1986 SGE acquired Sogea, founded in 1878. In 1988",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "9009806",
"chunk_text": "Megacorporation\nterm itself arose out of science fiction, certain real-life corporations, such as colonial-era chartered companies and zaibatsu, have achieved or approached megacorporation status in various ways. The private Dutch East India Company, for example, operated 40 warships and had 10,000 private soldiers to monitor its farflung spice empire, while the British East India Company controlled a large colonial empire in the mid-19th century before the company was dissolved and its territories absorbed into the British Empire. The Hudson's Bay Company was once the world's largest landowner, exercising legal control and a trading monopoly on its territory known as Rupert's Land",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3355536",
"chunk_text": "\"Economy of Malaysia\"\nbillion (US$3.2 billion) in revenue from 1.9 million foreign patients by 2020. Malaysia has a vibrant oil and gas industry. The national oil company, Petronas is ranked the 69th biggest company in the world in the Fortune 500 list in 2014, with a revenue of over US100.7 billion and total assets of over US$169 billion. Petronas provides around 30% of the Malaysian government's revenue, although the government has been actively cutting down on its reliance of petroleum, with a target of 20%. Petronas is also the custodian of oil and gas reserves for Malaysia. Hence, all oil and gas activities",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "20615996",
"chunk_text": "\"Nielsen Holdings\"\nofficial market research for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Nielsen Holdings Nielsen Holdings PLC (formerly known as Nielsen N.V.) is a global information, data and measurement company with headquarters in New York City, USA. Nielsen operates in over 100 countries and employs approximately 44,000 people worldwide. Total revenues were $6.2 billion in 2016. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and is currently a component of the S&P 500. In 2018, American Marketing Association ranked Nielsen number 1 among top 50 Market Research Firms in the United States. Nielsen was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
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"chunk_id": "1164293",
"chunk_text": "\"Economy of the United States\"\nvisitors every year. In a recent study by Salam Standard, it has been reported that the United States is the biggest beneficiary of global Muslim tourism spend, enjoying 24 percent share of the total Muslim travel spend worldwide or almost $35 billion. Top 10 U.S. corporations by revenue in 2013 Measured by value of its listed companies' securities, the New York Stock Exchange is more than three times larger than any other stock exchange in the world. As of October 2008, the combined capitalization of all domestic NYSE listed companies was US$10.1 trillion. NASDAQ is another American stock exchange and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
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"chunk_id": "6227085",
"chunk_text": "\"Tata Group\"\nTata Group Tata Group () is an Indian multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Founded in 1868 by Jamshedji Tata, the company gained international recognition after purchasing several global companies, beginning with Tetley in 2000, recorded as \"\"the biggest acquisition in Indian corporate history.\"\" One of India's largest conglomerates, Tata Group is owned by Tata Sons. Each Tata company operates independently under the guidance and supervision of its own board of directors and shareholders. There are 29 publicly listed Tata enterprises with a combined market capitalisation of about $151.62 billion as of March 1, 2018. Significant Tata companies",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1912623",
"chunk_text": "\"Nike, Inc.\"\nNike, Inc. Nike, Inc. () is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design, development, manufacturing, and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories, and services. The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area. It is the world's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment, with revenue in excess of US$24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 (ending May 31, 2012). As of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide. In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6640807",
"chunk_text": "Pfizer\nPfizer Pfizer Inc. () is an American pharmaceutical corporation headquartered in New York City, with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut. It is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and its shares have been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 2004. Pfizer ranked No. 57 on the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. On Wednesday 19th December 2018, Pfizer announced a joint merger with UK pharma giant GlaxoSmithKline, the British company will maintain a controlling share (listed at 68%). The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_953
|
what is the term for circular movement around a central point?
|
n/a
|
[
"angular rotation",
"Coriolis effect"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19603701",
"chunk_text": "\"Circular motion\"\nCircular motion In physics, circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path. It can be uniform, with constant angular rate of rotation and constant speed, or non-uniform with a changing rate of rotation. The rotation around a fixed axis of a three-dimensional body involves circular motion of its parts. The equations of motion describe the movement of the center of mass of a body. Examples of circular motion include: an artificial satellite orbiting the Earth at a constant height, a ceiling fan's blades rotating around a hub, a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17546181",
"chunk_text": "\"Circular motion\"\nsum of the tangential acceleration and the radial acceleration. Radial acceleration is still equal to formula_62. Tangential acceleration is simply the derivative of the velocity at any given point: formula_63. This root sum of squares of separate radial and tangential accelerations is only correct for circular motion; for general motion within a plane with polar coordinates formula_64, the Coriolis term formula_65 should be added to formula_66, whereas radial acceleration then becomes formula_67. Circular motion In physics, circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular path. It can be uniform,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19794145",
"chunk_text": "\"Circular motion\"\nnon-uniform circular motion an object is moving in a circular path with a varying speed. Since the speed is changing, there is tangential acceleration in addition to normal acceleration. In non-uniform circular motion the net acceleration (a) is along direction of Δv which is directed inside circle but does not pass through its center (see figure). The net acceleration may be resolved into two components: tangential acceleration and normal acceleration also known as the centripetal or radial acceleration. Unlike tangential acceleration, centripetal acceleration is present in both uniform and non-uniform circular motion. In non-uniform circular motion, normal force does not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16518077",
"chunk_text": "\"Circular orbit\"\nCircular orbit A circular orbit is the orbit with a fixed distance around the barycenter, that is, in the shape of a circle. Below we consider a circular orbit in astrodynamics or celestial mechanics under standard assumptions. Here the centripetal force is the gravitational force, and the axis mentioned above is the line through the center of the central mass perpendicular to the plane of motion. In this case, not only the distance, but also the speed, angular speed, potential and kinetic energy are constant. There is no periapsis or apoapsis. This orbit has no radial version. Transverse acceleration (perpendicular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12991513",
"chunk_text": "Rotation\nRotation A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a center (or point) of rotation. A three-dimensional object can always be rotated around an infinite number of imaginary lines called \"\"rotation axes\"\" ( ). If the axis passes through the body's center of mass, the body is said to rotate upon itself, or spin. A rotation about an external point, e.g. the Earth about the Sun, is called a revolution or orbital revolution, typically when it is produced by gravity. The axis is called a pole. Mathematically, a rotation is a rigid body movement which, unlike a translation,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5070328",
"chunk_text": "\"Central angle\"\nCentral angle Central angles are subtended by an arc between those two points, and the arc length is the central angle of a circle of radius one (measured in radians). The central angle is also known as the arc's angular distance. The size of a central angle is or (radians). When defining or drawing a central angle, in addition to specifying the points and , one must specify whether the angle being defined is the convex angle (<180°) or the reflex angle (>180°). Equivalently, one must specify whether the movement from point to point is clockwise or counterclockwise. If the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2700715",
"chunk_text": "\"Instant centre of rotation\"\nInstant centre of rotation The instant center of rotation, also called \"\"instantaneous velocity center\"\", or also \"\"instantaneous center\"\" or \"\"instant center\"\", is the point fixed to a body undergoing planar movement that has zero velocity at a particular instant of time. At this instant, the velocity vectors of the trajectories of other points in the body generate a circular field around this point which is identical to what is generated by a pure rotation. Planar movement of a body is often described using a plane figure moving in a two-dimensional plane. The instant center is the point in the moving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19603702",
"chunk_text": "\"Circular motion\"\nstone which is tied to a rope and is being swung in circles, a car turning through a curve in a race track, an electron moving perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field, and a gear turning inside a mechanism. Since the object's velocity vector is constantly changing direction, the moving object is undergoing acceleration by a centripetal force in the direction of the center of rotation. Without this acceleration, the object would move in a straight line, according to Newton's laws of motion. In physics, uniform circular motion describes the motion of a body traversing a circular path at constant",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19603704",
"chunk_text": "\"Circular motion\"\na fixed axis of a rigid body that is not negligibly small compared to the radius of the path, each particle of the body describes a uniform circular motion with the same angular velocity, but with velocity and acceleration varying with the position with respect to the axis. For motion in a circle of radius \"\"r\"\", the circumference of the circle is \"\"C\"\" = 2 \"\"r\"\". If the period for one rotation is \"\"T\"\", the angular rate of rotation, also known as angular velocity, ω is: The speed of the object travelling the circle is: The angle θ swept out",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12494014",
"chunk_text": "Circle\nCircle A circle is a simple closed shape. It is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre; equivalently it is the curve traced out by a point that moves so that its distance from a given point is constant. The distance between any of the points and the centre is called the radius. This article is about circles in Euclidean geometry, and, in particular, the Euclidean plane, except where otherwise noted. A circle is a simple closed curve that divides the plane into two regions: an interior",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15441300",
"chunk_text": "\"Centered trochoid\"\nCentered trochoid In geometry, a centered trochoid is the roulette formed by a circle rolling along another circle. That is, it is the path traced by a point attached to a circle as the circle rolls without slipping along a fixed circle. The term encompasses both epitrochoid and hypotrochoid. The center of this curve is defined to be the center of the fixed circle. Alternatively, a centered trochoid can be defined as the path traced by the sum of two vectors, each moving at a uniform speed in a circle. Specifically, a centered trochoid is a curve that can be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6792472",
"chunk_text": "\"Guiding center\"\nGuiding center In physics, the motion of an electrically charged particle such as an electron or ion in a plasma in a magnetic field can be treated as the superposition of a relatively fast circular motion around a point called the guiding center and a relatively slow drift of this point. The drift speeds may differ for various species depending on their charge states, masses, or temperatures, possibly resulting in electric currents or chemical separation. If the magnetic field is uniform and all other forces are absent, then the Lorentz force will cause a particle to undergo a constant acceleration",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7451688",
"chunk_text": "Trochoid\nTrochoid A trochoid (from the Greek word for wheel, \"\"trochos\"\") is the curve described by a fixed point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line. The cycloid is a notable member of the trochoid family. The word \"\"trochoid\"\" was coined by Gilles de Roberval. As a circle of radius \"\"a\"\" rolls without slipping along a line \"\"L,\"\" the center \"\"C\"\" moves parallel to \"\"L,\"\" and every other point \"\"P\"\" in the rotating plane rigidly attached to the circle traces the curve called the trochoid. Let \"\"CP = b\"\". Parametric equations of the trochoid for which \"\"L\"\" is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10911555",
"chunk_text": "\"Screw axis\"\nor 'instantaneous helical axis' (IHA), is the axis of the helicoidal field generated by the velocities of every point in a moving body. When a spatial displacement specializes to a planar displacement, the screw axis becomes the \"\"displacement pole\"\", and the instantaneous screw axis becomes the \"\"velocity pole\"\", or instantaneous center of rotation, also called an \"\"instant center\"\". The term \"\"centro\"\" is also used for a velocity pole, and the locus of these points for a planar movement is called a centrode. The proof that a spatial displacement can be decomposed into a rotation and slide around and along a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4033747",
"chunk_text": "\"Centered trochoid\"\nexample following F. Morley) use \"\"trochoid\"\" to mean a roulette of a circle rolling along another circle, though this is inconsistent with the more common terminology. The term \"\"Centered trochoid\"\" as adopted by combines \"\"epitrochoid\"\" and \"\"hypotrochoid\"\" into a single concept to streamline mathematical exposition and remains consistent with the existing standard. The term \"\"Trochoidal curve\"\" describes epitrochoids, hypotrochoids, and trochoids (see ). A trochoidal curve can be defined as the path traced by the sum of two vectors, each moving at a uniform speed in a circle or in a straight line (but not both moving in a line).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4686242",
"chunk_text": "\"Centripetal force\"\ncentripetal force and the negative of the second term related to angular acceleration is sometimes called the Euler force. For trajectories other than circular motion, for example, the more general trajectory envisioned in the image above, the instantaneous center of rotation and radius of curvature of the trajectory are related only indirectly to the coordinate system defined by u and u and to the length |r(\"\"t\"\")| = \"\"ρ\"\". Consequently, in the general case, it is not straightforward to disentangle the centripetal and Euler terms from the above general acceleration equation. Local coordinates mean a set of coordinates that travel with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14600154",
"chunk_text": "\"Precession (mechanical)\"\nPrecession (mechanical) Precession, also called epicyclic fretting precession, (or more accurately hypocyclic fretting precession since \"\"epicyclic\"\" applies to a round part spinning outside a circle and \"\"hypocyclic\"\" applies to a round part spinning inside a circle) is the process of a round part in a round hole rotating with respect to that hole because of clearance between them and a radial force on the part that changes direction. The direction of rotation of the inner part is opposite to the direction of rotation of the radial force. Fretting between the part and the hole is often a result of this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "612473",
"chunk_text": "Polhode\na moment of inertia somewhere between the maximum and minimum. If energy is dissipated while an object is rotating, this will cause the polhode motion about the axis of maximum inertia (also called the major principal axis) to damp out or stabilize, with the polhode path becoming a smaller and smaller ellipse or circle, closing in on the axis. A body is never stable when spinning about the intermediate principal axis, and dissipated energy will cause the polhode to start migrating to the object’s axis of maximum inertia. The transition point between two stable axes of rotation is called the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17514184",
"chunk_text": "\"Classical central-force problem\"\nr, i.e., that the angular momentum vector L = r × \"\"m\"\" v is not zero. Every central force can produce uniform circular motion, provided that the initial radius \"\"r\"\" and speed \"\"v\"\" satisfy the equation for the centripetal force If this equation is satisfied at the initial moments, it will be satisfied at all later times; the particle will continue to move in a circle of radius \"\"r\"\" at speed \"\"v\"\" forever. The central-force problem concerns an ideal situation (a \"\"one-body problem\"\") in which a single particle is attracted or repelled from an immovable point O, the center of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15533098",
"chunk_text": "\"Centripetal force\"\nCentripetal force A centripetal force (from Latin \"\"centrum\"\", \"\"center\"\" and \"\"petere\"\", \"\"to seek\"\") is a force that makes a body follow a curved path. Its direction is always orthogonal to the motion of the body and towards the fixed point of the instantaneous center of curvature of the path. Isaac Newton described it as \"\"a force by which bodies are drawn or impelled, or in any way tend, towards a point as to a centre\"\". In Newtonian mechanics, gravity provides the centripetal force responsible for astronomical orbits. One common example involving centripetal force is the case in which a body",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14600159",
"chunk_text": "\"Precession (mechanical)\"\ngears. Transmission failure due to lack of precession is possible in gear boxes when low gears are engaged for long periods of time. Precession (mechanical) Precession, also called epicyclic fretting precession, (or more accurately hypocyclic fretting precession since \"\"epicyclic\"\" applies to a round part spinning outside a circle and \"\"hypocyclic\"\" applies to a round part spinning inside a circle) is the process of a round part in a round hole rotating with respect to that hole because of clearance between them and a radial force on the part that changes direction. The direction of rotation of the inner part is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2467369",
"chunk_text": "Trochoid\na stationary circle of radius formula_17, have the following properties: where formula_19 is the radius of the orbit of the moving axis. The number of cusps given above also hold true for any epitrochoid and hypotrochoid, with \"\"cusps\"\" replaced by either \"\"radial maxima\"\" or \"\"radial minima.\"\" Trochoid A trochoid (from the Greek word for wheel, \"\"trochos\"\") is the curve described by a fixed point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line. The cycloid is a notable member of the trochoid family. The word \"\"trochoid\"\" was coined by Gilles de Roberval. As a circle of radius \"\"a\"\" rolls",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4966339",
"chunk_text": "\"Newton's theorem of revolving orbits\"\nparticle) is a central force. Newton showed that a force is central if and only if the particle sweeps out equal areas in equal times as measured from the center. Newton's derivation begins with a particle moving under an arbitrary central force \"\"F\"\"(\"\"r\"\"); the motion of this particle under this force is described by its radius \"\"r\"\"(\"\"t\"\") from the center as a function of time, and also its angle θ(\"\"t\"\"). In an infinitesimal time \"\"dt\"\", the particle sweeps out an approximate right triangle whose area is Since the force acting on the particle is assumed to be a central force,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4511301",
"chunk_text": "\"Retrograde and prograde motion\"\nRetrograde and prograde motion Retrograde motion in astronomy is, in general, orbital or rotational motion of an object in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is the central object (right figure). It may also describe other motions such as precession or nutation of the object's rotational axis. Prograde or direct motion is motion in the same direction as the primary rotates. Rotation is determined by an inertial frame of reference, such as distant fixed stars. However, retrograde and prograde can also refer to an object other than the primary if so described. In our Solar System, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16548539",
"chunk_text": "Kinematics\ncenter of curvature of the path at that point on the path, is commonly called the centripetal acceleration. The term formula_87 is called the Coriolis acceleration. If the trajectory of the particle is constrained to lie on a cylinder, then the radius \"\"R\"\" is constant and the velocity and acceleration vectors simplify. The velocity of V is the time derivative of the trajectory P(t), The acceleration vector becomes: A special case of a particle trajectory on a circular cylinder occurs when there is no movement along the \"\"Z\"\" axis: where \"\"R\"\" and \"\"Z\"\" are constants. In this case, the velocity",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13927646",
"chunk_text": "\"Diurnal motion\"\nDiurnal motion Diurnal motion (, from \"\"dies\"\", lit. \"\"day\"\") is an astronomical term referring to the apparent motion of celestial objects (e.g. the Sun and stars) around Earth, or more precisely around the two celestial poles, over the course of one day. It is caused by Earth's rotation around its axis, so almost every star appears to follow a circular arc path called the diurnal circle. The time for one complete rotation is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.09 seconds – one sidereal day. The first experimental demonstration of this motion was conducted by Léon Foucault. The relative direction of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11266103",
"chunk_text": "\"Circular sector\"\nCircular sector A circular sector or circle sector (symbol: ⌔), is the portion of a disk enclosed by two radii and an arc, where the smaller area is known as the minor sector and the larger being the major sector. In the diagram, θ is the central angle in radians, formula_1 the radius of the circle, and formula_2 is the arc length of the minor sector. A sector with the central angle of 180° is called a half-disk and is bounded by a diameter and a semicircle. Sectors with other central angles are sometimes given special names, these include quadrants",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4006188",
"chunk_text": "\"Areal velocity\"\ngeneral property of central force motion, and, within the context of classical mechanics, is equivalent to the conservation of angular momentum. Areal velocity In classical mechanics, areal velocity (also called sector velocity or sectorial velocity) is the rate at which area is swept out by a particle as it moves along a curve. In the adjoining figure, suppose that a particle moves along the blue curve. At a certain time \"\"t\"\", the particle is located at point \"\"B\"\", and a short while later, at time \"\"t\"\" + Δ\"\"t\"\", the particle has moved to point \"\"C\"\". The area swept out by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2799276",
"chunk_text": "\"Centrifugal force\"\nIn the case of motion in a central potential the Lagrangian centrifugal force has the same form as the fictitious centrifugal force derived in a co-rotating frame. However, the Lagrangian use of \"\"centrifugal force\"\" in other, more general cases has only a limited connection to the Newtonian definition. In another instance the term refers to the reaction force to a centripetal force, or reactive centrifugal force. A body undergoing curved motion, such as circular motion, is accelerating toward a center at any particular point in time. This centripetal acceleration is provided by a centripetal force, which is exerted on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8291719",
"chunk_text": "\"Centered trochoid\"\nfact the only exception) to the dual generation theorem stated above. This degenerate case, in which the curve is a straight-line segment, underlies the Tusi-couple. Centered trochoid In geometry, a centered trochoid is the roulette formed by a circle rolling along another circle. That is, it is the path traced by a point attached to a circle as the circle rolls without slipping along a fixed circle. The term encompasses both epitrochoid and hypotrochoid. The center of this curve is defined to be the center of the fixed circle. Alternatively, a centered trochoid can be defined as the path traced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7676891",
"chunk_text": "Nutation\nNutation Nutation (from Latin \"\"nūtātiō\"\", \"\"nodding, swaying\"\") is a rocking, swaying, or nodding motion in the axis of rotation of a largely axially symmetric object, such as a gyroscope, planet, or bullet in flight, or as an intended behaviour of a mechanism. In an appropriate reference frame it can be defined as a change in the second Euler angle. If it is not caused by forces external to the body, it is called \"\"free nutation\"\" or \"\"Euler nutation\"\". A \"\"pure nutation\"\" is a movement of a rotational axis such that the first Euler angle is constant. In spacecraft dynamics, precession",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13743562",
"chunk_text": "\"Contra body movement\"\n(the second \"\"slow\"\"), CBM occurs as the left leg moves forward and the right side of the torso moves forward, causing the body to begin rotation to the left. An exaggerated CBM is the basic of some specific dance moves, e.g., Chicken Walks in Jive and East Coast Swing. Contra body movement position (CBMP) is a position rather than a movement. CBMP is the foot position achieved when the moving foot is placed on or across the line of the standing foot, in front of or behind it. The term is slightly verbose in an attempt to make it self-describing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10115628",
"chunk_text": "\"Motion (geometry)\"\nMotion (geometry) In geometry, a motion is an isometry of a metric space. For instance, a plane equipped with the Euclidean distance metric is a metric space in which a mapping associating congruent figures is a motion. More generally, the term \"\"motion\"\" is a synonym for surjective isometry in metric geometry, including elliptic geometry and hyperbolic geometry. In the latter case, hyperbolic motions provide an approach to the subject for beginners. Motions can be divided into direct and indirect motions. Direct, proper or rigid motions are motions like translations and rotations that preserve the orientation of a chiral shape. Indirect,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4686252",
"chunk_text": "\"Centripetal force\"\nAlso, the derivatives of these vectors can be found: To obtain velocity and acceleration, a time-dependence for \"\"s\"\" is necessary. For counterclockwise motion at variable speed \"\"v\"\"(\"\"t\"\"): where \"\"v\"\"(\"\"t\"\") is the speed and \"\"t\"\" is time, and \"\"s\"\"(\"\"t\"\" = 0) = 0. Then: where it already is established that α = ρ. This acceleration is the standard result for non-uniform circular motion. Centripetal force A centripetal force (from Latin \"\"centrum\"\", \"\"center\"\" and \"\"petere\"\", \"\"to seek\"\") is a force that makes a body follow a curved path. Its direction is always orthogonal to the motion of the body and towards the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19292567",
"chunk_text": "\"Hyperbolic trajectory\"\nHyperbolic trajectory In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics, a hyperbolic trajectory is the trajectory of any object around a central body with more than enough speed to escape the central object's gravitational pull. The name derives from the fact that according to Newtonian theory such an orbit has the shape of a hyperbola. In more technical terms this can be expressed by the condition that the orbital eccentricity is greater than one. Under simplistic assumptions a body traveling along this trajectory will coast towards infinity, settling to a final excess velocity relative to the central body. Similarly to parabolic trajectories, all",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19603715",
"chunk_text": "\"Circular motion\"\nalways point in the opposite direction of weight. Here is an example with an object traveling in a straight path then loops a loop back into a straight path again. This diagram shows the normal force pointing in other directions rather than opposite to the weight force. The normal force is actually the sum of the radial and tangential forces. The component of weight force is responsible for the tangential force here (We have neglected frictional force). The radial force (centripetal force) is due the change in direction of velocity as discussed earlier. In non-uniform circular motion, normal force and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18233422",
"chunk_text": "\"Circular motion\"\nillustrates velocity and acceleration vectors for uniform motion at four different points in the orbit. Because the velocity v is tangent to the circular path, no two velocities point in the same direction. Although the object has a constant \"\"speed\"\", its \"\"direction\"\" is always changing. This change in velocity is caused by an acceleration a, whose magnitude is (like that of the velocity) held constant, but whose direction also is always changing. The acceleration points radially inwards (centripetally) and is perpendicular to the velocity. This acceleration is known as centripetal acceleration. For a path of radius \"\"r\"\", when an angle",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9949885",
"chunk_text": "Rotation\na translation. Rotations around the \"\"x\"\", \"\"y\"\" and \"\"z\"\" axes are called \"\"principal rotations\"\". Rotation around any axis can be performed by taking a rotation around the \"\"x\"\" axis, followed by a rotation around the \"\"y\"\" axis, and followed by a rotation around the \"\"z\"\" axis. That is to say, any spatial rotation can be decomposed into a combination of principal rotations. In flight dynamics, the principal rotations are known as \"\"yaw\"\", \"\"pitch\"\", and \"\"roll\"\" (known as Tait–Bryan angles). This terminology is also used in computer graphics. In astronomy, rotation is a commonly observed phenomenon. Stars, planets and similar bodies",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12744224",
"chunk_text": "\"Rotation around a fixed axis\"\nfrom the axis of rotation. This is also the tangential component of acceleration: it is tangential to the direction of motion of the point. If this component is 0, the motion is uniform circular motion, and the velocity changes in direction only. The radial acceleration (perpendicular to direction of motion) is given by It is directed towards the center of the rotational motion, and is often called the \"\"centripetal acceleration\"\". The angular acceleration is caused by the torque, which can have a positive or negative value in accordance with the convention of positive and negative angular frequency. The ratio of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6648260",
"chunk_text": "\"Tusi couple\"\nknown as \"\"Cardan's movement\"\" (also known as a \"\"Cardan gear\"\"). Nineteenth-century engineers James White, Matthew Murray, as well as later designers, developed practical applications of the hypocycloid straight-line mechanism. A property of the Tusi couple is that points on the inner circle that are not on the circumference trace ellipses. These elipses, and the straight line traced by the classic Tusi couple, are special cases of hypotrochoids. Tusi couple The Tusi couple is a mathematical device in which a small circle rotates inside a larger circle twice the diameter of the smaller circle. Rotations of the circles cause a point",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6622815",
"chunk_text": "\"Archimedean spiral\"\nArchimedean spiral The Archimedean spiral (also known as the arithmetic spiral) is a spiral named after the 3rd century BC Greek mathematician Archimedes. It is the locus of points corresponding to the locations over time of a point moving away from a fixed point with a constant speed along a line which rotates with constant angular velocity. Equivalently, in polar coordinates (\"\"r\"\", \"\"θ\"\") it can be described by the equation with real numbers \"\"a\"\" and \"\"b\"\". Changing the parameter \"\"a\"\" will turn the spiral, while \"\"b\"\" controls the distance between successive turnings. Archimedes described such a spiral in his book",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20107705",
"chunk_text": "\"Classical central-force problem\"\nout by the particle relative to the center. Thus, the areal velocity is constant for a particle acted upon by any type of central force; this is Kepler's second law. Conversely, if the motion under a conservative force F is planar and has constant areal velocity for all initial conditions of the radius r and velocity v, then the azimuthal acceleration \"\"a\"\" is always zero. Hence, by Newton's second law, F = \"\"m\"\"a, the force is a central force. The constancy of areal velocity may be illustrated by uniform circular and linear motion. In uniform circular motion, the particle moves",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17821516",
"chunk_text": "\"Centre (geometry)\"\nCentre (geometry) In geometry, a centre (or center) (from Greek \"\"κέντρον\"\") of an object is a point in some sense in the middle of the object. According to the specific definition of centre taken into consideration, an object might have no centre. If geometry is regarded as the study of isometry groups then a centre is a fixed point of all the isometries which move the object onto itself. The centre of a circle is the point equidistant from the points on the edge. Similarly the centre of a sphere is the point equidistant from the points on the surface,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2752495",
"chunk_text": "\"Curvilinear motion\"\nup into both a tangential and normal component. With cylindrical co-ordinates which are described as î and j, the motion is best described in polar form with components that resemble polar vectors. As with planar motion, the velocity is always tangential to the curve, but in this form acceleration consist of different intermediate components that can now run along the radius and its normal vector. This type of co-ordinate system is best used when the motion is restricted to the plane upon which it travels. Curvilinear motion The motion of an object moving in a curved path is called \"\"curvilinear",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14441096",
"chunk_text": "Epitrochoid\nEpitrochoid An epitrochoid ( or ) is a roulette traced by a point attached to a circle of radius \"\"r\"\" rolling around the outside of a fixed circle of radius \"\"R\"\", where the point is at a distance \"\"d\"\" from the center of the exterior circle. The parametric equations for an epitrochoid are where formula_3 is a parameter (not the polar angle). Special cases include the limaçon with \"\"R = r\"\" and the epicycloid with \"\"d = r\"\". The classic Spirograph toy traces out epitrochoid and hypotrochoid curves. The orbits of planets in the once popular geocentric Ptolemaic system are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20107706",
"chunk_text": "\"Classical central-force problem\"\nwith constant speed \"\"v\"\" around the circumference of a circle of radius \"\"r\"\". Since the angular velocity ω = \"\"v\"\"/\"\"r\"\" is constant, the area swept out in a time Δ\"\"t\"\" equals ω \"\"r\"\"Δ\"\"t\"\"; hence, equal areas are swept out in equal times Δ\"\"t\"\". In uniform linear motion (i.e., motion in the absence of a force, by Newton's first law of motion), the particle moves with constant velocity, that is, with constant speed \"\"v\"\" along a line. In a time Δ\"\"t\"\", the particle sweeps out an area ½\"\"v\"\"Δ\"\"tr\"\" (the impact parameter). The distance \"\"r\"\" does not change as the particle moves",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19580238",
"chunk_text": "\"Classical central-force problem\"\nClassical central-force problem In classical mechanics, the central-force problem is to determine the motion of a particle under the influence of a single central force. A central force is a force (possibly negative) that points from the particle directly towards a fixed point in space, the center, and whose magnitude only depends on the distance of the object to the center. In many important cases, the problem can be solved analytically, i.e., in terms of well-studied functions such as trigonometric functions. The solution of this problem is important to classical physics, since many naturally occurring forces are central. Examples include",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5987832",
"chunk_text": "\"Orthogonal trajectory\"\nOrthogonal trajectory In mathematics an orthogonal trajectory is For example, the orthogonal trajectories of a pencil of \"\"concentric circles\"\" are the lines through their common center (see diagram). Suitable methods for the determination of orthogonal trajectories are provided by solving differential equations. The standard method establishes a first order ordinary differential equation and solves it by separation of variables. Both steps may be difficult or even impossible. In such cases one has to apply numerical methods. Orthogonal trajectories are used in mathematics for example as curved coordinate systems (i.e. elliptic coordinates) or appear in physics as electric fields and their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "286718",
"chunk_text": "Gyromancy\nderived from Medieval Latin, \"\"gyromantia\"\", which is derived from Greek \"\"gyros\"\" (circle) and \"\"manteia\"\" (oracle). Gyromancy Gyromancy is a method of divination in which a person spins around inside or walks the circumference of a circle drawn on the ground, the perimeter of which is marked with the letters of an alphabet. The divination is inferred from the letter at the position where the person either stumbles or falls across the circle’s edge. The person would repeat the practice \"\"...till he evolved an intelligible sentence, or till death or madness intervened.\"\" The dizziness brought on by spinning or circling is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3513783",
"chunk_text": "\"Glossary of dance moves\"\nthe left moving foot). During this step feet tracks of both partners do not overlap. See also #Inside partner step. \"\"Cf. Inside turn.\"\" The term is applied to an individual turn of a partner in the couple. Basically, it denotes the lead/follow connection directed \"\"outside\"\" of the center of the spinning individual. Inside and Outside terminology can not be determined by relativity to partnership as such position alternates every 180 degrees of rotation. Connection points and application of active side are consistent only with regard to the axis of rotation and direction of spin. See Direction of movement for more",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_954
|
where do the secretory cells of endocrine glands secrete their products?
|
n/a
|
[
"epithelial surface",
"bloodstream",
"directly into the bloodstream"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18264538",
"chunk_text": "Gland\nEndocrine glands secrete substances that circulate through the blood stream. The glands secrete their products through basal lamina into the blood stream. Basil lamina typically can be seen a layer around the glands to which a million maybe more tiny blood vessels are attached. These glands often secrete hormones which play an important role in maintaining homeostasis. The pineal gland, thymus gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and the two adrenal glands are all endocrine glands. Exocrine glands secrete their products through a duct onto an outer surface of the body, such as the skin or the gastrointestinal tract. Secretion is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7622281",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\nEndocrine gland Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine organs. The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by a stalk and is enclosed by bone. It consists of a hormone-producing glandular portion (anterior pituitary) and a neural portion (posterior pituitary), which is an extension of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10979825",
"chunk_text": "\"Exocrine gland\"\nExocrine gland Exocrine glands are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous. Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. The liver and pancreas are both exocrine and endocrine glands; they are exocrine glands because they secrete products—bile and pancreatic juice—into the gastrointestinal tract through a series of ducts, and endocrine because they secrete other substances directly into the bloodstream. Exocrine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11814028",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine system\"\n\"\"krīnō\"\", \"\"to separate, distinguish\"\". The human endocrine system consists of several systems that operate via feedback loops. Several important feedback systems are mediated via the hypothalamus and pituitary. Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into interstitial spaces and then absorbed into blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine organs. There are many types of cells that comprise the endocrine system and these",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4377330",
"chunk_text": "Gland\nGland A gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland). Every gland is formed by an ingrowth from an epithelial surface. This ingrowth may in the beginning possess a tubular structure, but in other instances glands may start as a solid column of cells which subsequently becomes tubulated. As growth proceeds, the column of cells may divide or give off offshoots, in which case a compound gland is formed. In many glands, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10979826",
"chunk_text": "\"Exocrine gland\"\nglands contain a glandular portion and a duct portion, the structures of which can be used to classify the gland. Exocrine glands are named apocrine glands, holocrine glands, or merocrine glands based on how their products are secreted. Exocrine gland Exocrine glands are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples of exocrine glands include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous. Exocrine glands are one of two types of glands in the human body, the other being endocrine glands, which secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. The liver and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3579960",
"chunk_text": "\"Secretory protein\"\nSecretory protein A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes, toxins, and antimicrobial peptides. Secretory proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. The production of a secretory protein starts like any other protein. The mRNA is produced and transported to the cytosol where it interacts with a free cytosolic ribosome. The part that is produced first, the N-terminal, contains a signal sequence consisting of 6 to 12 amino acids with hydrophobic side chains. This sequence is recognised by a cytosolic protein, SRP (Signal Recognition",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11814026",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine system\"\nendocrine glands are, in general, their ductless nature, their vascularity, and commonly the presence of intracellular vacuoles or granules that store their hormones. In contrast, exocrine glands, such as salivary glands, sweat glands, and glands within the gastrointestinal tract, tend to be much less vascular and have ducts or a hollow lumen. A number of glands that signal each other in sequence are usually referred to as an axis, for example, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In addition to the specialized endocrine organs mentioned above, many other organs that are part of other body systems, such as bone, kidney, liver, heart and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8622961",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\nuptake and metabolism by most body cells. Somatostatin is released by Delta cells and act as an Inhibitor of GH, Insulin and Glucagon. The ovaries of the female, located in the pelvic cavity, release two main hormones. Secretion of estrogens by the ovarian follicles begins at puberty under the influence of FSH. Estrogens stimulate maturation of the female reproductive system and development of the secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone is released in response to high blood levels of LH. It works with estrogens in establishing the menstrual cycle. The testes of the male begin to produce testosterone at puberty in response",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11814027",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine system\"\ngonads, have secondary endocrine functions. For example, the kidney secretes endocrine hormones such as erythropoietin and renin. Hormones can consist of either amino acid complexes, steroids, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, or prostaglandins. The endocrine system is in contrast to the exocrine system, which secretes its hormones to the outside of the body using ducts. As opposed to endocrine factors that travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system, other signaling molecules, such as paracrine factors involved in paracrine signalling diffuse over a relatively short distance. The word \"\"endocrine\"\" derives via New Latin from the Greek words , \"\"endon\"\", \"\"inside, within,\"\" and ,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11814025",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine system\"\nEndocrine system The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system consisting of hormones, the group of glands of an organism that secrete those hormones directly into the circulatory system to regulate the function of distant target organs, and the feedback loops which modulate hormone release so that homeostasis is maintained. In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. The study of the endocrine system and its disorders is known as endocrinology. Endocrinology is a branch of internal medicine. Special features of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18983367",
"chunk_text": "Apocrine\nApocrine Apocrine () is a term used to classify exocrine glands in the study of histology. Cells which are classified as apocrine bud their secretions off through the plasma membrane producing extracellular membrane-bound vesicles. The apical portion of the secretory cell of the gland pinches off and enters the lumen. It loses part of its cytoplasm in their secretions. Apocrine glands are found primarily in the breast of lactating mammals (i.e. the mammary glands are apocrine glands). Secretion occurs when the release of secretory materials is accompanied with loss of part of cytoplasm. Apocrine secretion is less damaging to the",
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"page_id": 11
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"chunk_id": "12959535",
"chunk_text": "Pancreas\nPancreas The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. The pancreas is a mixed gland, having both an endocrine and an exocrine function. As an endocrine gland, it secretes into the blood several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. As an exocrine gland, it secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. This juice contains bicarbonate, which neutralizes acid entering the duodenum from the stomach; and digestive enzymes, which break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in ingested",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "8880375",
"chunk_text": "\"Follicular cell\"\nFollicular cell Follicular cells (also called thyroid epithelial cells or thyrocytes) are cells in the thyroid gland that are responsible for the production and secretion of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). They are simple cuboidal epithelium and are arranged in spherical follicles surrounding colloid. The interiors of one of these follicles is known as the follicular lumen. They have thyrotropin receptors on their surface, which respond to thyroid-stimulating hormone. Calcitonin-producing parafollicular cells (C cells) can be found scattered along the basement membrane of the thyroid epithelium. Their embryologic origin is from a median endodermal mass in the region",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_id": "5832518",
"chunk_text": "\"Pituitary gland\"\nsecretes hormones. All releasing hormones (-RH) referred to, can also be referred to as releasing factors (-RF). Somatotropes: Corticotropes: Thyrotropes: Gonadotropes: Lactotropes: These hormones are released from the anterior pituitary under the influence of the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic hormones are secreted to the anterior lobe by way of a special capillary system, called the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system. There is also a non-endocrine cell population called folliculostellate cells. The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes the following important endocrine hormone: The posterior pituitary stores and secretes (but does not synthesize) the following important endocrine hormones: Magnocellular neurons: Hormones secreted from the pituitary gland",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3882001",
"chunk_text": "\"Enteroendocrine cell\"\nsomatostatin Gastric enteroendocrine cells are found in the gastric glands, mostly at their base. The G cells secrete gastrin, post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve can release gastrin-releasing peptide during parasympathetic stimulation to stimulate secretion. Enterochromaffin-like cells are enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cells also known for their similarity to chromaffin cells secreting histamine, which stimulates G cells to secrete gastrin. Other hormones produced include cholecystokinin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, alpha and gamma-endorphin. Pancreatic enteroendocrine cells are located in the islets of Langerhans and produce most importantly the hormones insulin and glucagon. The autonomous nervous system strongly regulates their secretion,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8622957",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\ngonads in both sexes. FSH stimulates sex cell production; LH stimulates gonadal hormone production. Gonadotropin levels rise in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Negative feedback of gonadal hormones inhibits gonadotropin release. Prolactin (PRL) promotes milk production in human females. Its secretion is prompted by prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) and inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH). The neurohypophysis stores and releases two hypothalamic hormones: The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck, in front of the thyroid cartilage, and is shaped like a butterfly, with two wings connected by a central . Thyroid tissue consists of follicles with stored protein",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18264539",
"chunk_text": "Gland\ndirectly onto the apical surface. The glands in this group can be divided into three groups: The type of secretory product of exocrine glands may also be one of three categories: Adenosis is any disease of a gland. The diseased gland has abnormal formation or development of glandular tissue which is sometimes tumorous. Gland A gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland). Every gland is formed by an ingrowth from an epithelial",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8622962",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\nto LH. Testosterone promotes maturation of the male reproductive organs, development of secondary sex characteristics, and production of sperm by the testes. The pineal gland is located in the diencephalon of the brain. It primarily releases melatonin, which influences daily rhythms and may have an antigonadotropic effect in humans. It may also influence the melanotropes and melanocytes located in the skin. Many body organs not normally considered endocrine organs contain isolated cell clusters that secrete hormones. Examples include the heart (atrial natriuretic peptide); gastrointestinal tract organs (gastrin, secretin, and others); the placenta (hormones of pregnancy—estrogen, progesterone, and others); the kidneys",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12959538",
"chunk_text": "Pancreas\nof the pancreas and lies behind the pylorus, at the same level as the transpyloric plane. The \"\"tail\"\" ends by abutting the spleen. The pancreas is a secretory structure with an internal hormonal role (endocrine) and an external digestive role (exocrine). The endocrine part is composed of hormonal tissue distributed along the pancreas in discrete units called islets of Langerhans. Islets of Langerhans have a well-established structure and form density routes through the exocrine tissue. The exocrine part has two main ducts, the main pancreatic duct and the accessory pancreatic duct. These drain enzymes through the ampulla of Vater into",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11814029",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine system\"\ncells typically make up larger tissues and organs that function within and outside of the endocrine system. A hormone is any of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour. Hormones have diverse chemical structures, mainly of 3 classes: eicosanoids, steroids, and amino acid/protein derivatives (amines, peptides, and proteins). The glands that secrete hormones comprise the endocrine system. The term hormone is sometimes extended to include chemicals produced by cells that affect the same cell (autocrine or intracrine signalling) or nearby",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8622958",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\ncalled colloid, containing thyroglobulin, a precursor to other thyroid hormones, which are manufactured within the colloid. The thyroid hormones increase the rate of cellular metabolism, and include thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Secretion is stimulated by the hormone TSH, secreted by the anterior pituitary. When thyroid levels are high, there is negative feedback that decreases the amount of TSH secreted. Most T4 is converted to T3 (a more active form) in the target tissues. Calcitonin, produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in response to rising blood calcium levels, depresses blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone matrix resorption",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9916116",
"chunk_text": "Pancreas\nthe culinary name of sweetbread. Pancreas The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. The pancreas is a mixed gland, having both an endocrine and an exocrine function. As an endocrine gland, it secretes into the blood several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. As an exocrine gland, it secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. This juice contains bicarbonate, which neutralizes acid entering the duodenum from the stomach; and digestive enzymes, which break down carbohydrates,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8622970",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\ncretinism in infants and myxoedema in adults. Hyperparathyroidism results in hypercalcaemia and its effects and in extreme bone wasting. Hypoparathyroidism leads to hypocalcaemia, evidenced by tetany seizure and respiratory paralysis. Hyposecretion of insulin results in diabetes mellitus; cardinal signs are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Endocrine gland Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine organs.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7622287",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\nand enhancing calcium deposit in bone. The parathyroid glands, of which there are 4-6, are found on the back of the thyroid glands, and secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which causes an increase in blood calcium levels by targeting bone, the intestine, and the kidneys. PTH is the antagonist of calcitonin. PTH release is triggered by falling blood calcium levels and is inhibited by rising blood calcium levels. The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys in humans and in front of the kidneys in other animals. The adrenal glands produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8441424",
"chunk_text": "Endocrinology\nEndocrinology Endocrinology (from \"\"endocrine\"\" + \"\"-ology\"\") is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones. It is also concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioral activities of metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep, digestion, respiration, excretion, mood, stress, lactation, movement, reproduction, and sensory perception caused by hormones. Specializations include behavioral endocrinology and comparative endocrinology. The endocrine system consists of several glands, all in different parts of the body, that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than into",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9168334",
"chunk_text": "\"Cytoplasmic inclusion\"\ncalled lipofuscin, some believed that they have lysosomal activity. Secretory products: Hormones, mucus, digestives enzymes, neurotransmitters, fibrous proteins, and hydrochloric acid are all different types of secretory products found in cytoplasmic inclusions. The cytoplasmic inclusions bound for secretion in some secretory cells are sometimes not visible by microscopy; some glands secrete products that are only released when needed by the body. An example of such glands is steroid-secreting endocrine gland. Cytoplasmic inclusion Cytoplasmic inclusions are diverse intracellular non-living substances that are not able to carry out any metabolic activity and are not bound by membranes. Inclusions are stored nutrients, secretory",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6231737",
"chunk_text": "\"Sweat gland\"\n\"\"secretory unit\"\" consisting of a base rolled into a glomerulum, and a \"\"duct \"\"that carries the sweat away. The \"\"secretory coil \"\"or base, is set deep in the lower dermis and hypodermis, and the entire gland is surrounded by adipose tissue. In both sweat gland types, the secretory coils are surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells that function to facilitate excretion of secretory product. The secretory activities of the gland cells and the contractions of myoepithelial cells are controlled by both the autonomic nervous system and by the circulating hormones. The distal or apical part of the duct that opens to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8622963",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\n(erythropoietin and renin); the thymus; skin (cholecalciferol); and adipose tissue (leptin and resistin). Endocrine glands derive from all three germ layers. The natural decrease in function of the female’s ovaries during late middle age results in menopause. The efficiency of all endocrine glands seems to decrease gradually as aging occurs. This leads to a generalized increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and a lower metabolic rate. Local chemical messengers, not generally considered part of the endocrine system, include autocrines, which act on the cells that secrete them, and paracrines, which act on a different cell type nearby. The ability",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8622960",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\nand cortisol. It controls the behaviour during crisis and emotional situations. It stimulates the heart and its conducting tissues and metabolic processes. The pancreas, located in the abdomen, below and behind the stomach, is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The alpha and beta cells are the endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets that release insulin and glucagon and smaller amounts of other hormones into the blood. Insulin and glucagon influence blood sugar levels. Glucagon is released when blood glucose level is low, and stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood. Insulin increases the rate of glucose",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8606730",
"chunk_text": "Hormone\nhormones, are lipid-soluble; to allow for their widespread distribution, these hormones must bond to carrier plasma glycoproteins (e.g., thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)) to form ligand-protein complexes. Some hormones are completely active when released into the bloodstream (as is the case for insulin and growth hormones), while others are prohormones that must be activated in specific cells through a series of activation steps that are commonly highly regulated. The endocrine system secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream, typically via fenestrated capillaries, whereas the exocrine system secretes its hormones indirectly using ducts. Hormones with paracrine function diffuse through the interstitial spaces to nearby",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5924254",
"chunk_text": "Neuroendocrinology\nits product?\"\" and \"\"how is information encoded in electrical activity?\"\"[It appears that this is a primary source observation.] The pituitary gland is divided into two sections: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary. The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary's hormone secretion by sending trophic hormones down the hypothalamohypophysial portal system. For example, thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary. The posterior pituitary is innervated by the hypothalamus; the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin are synthesized by neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus and stored at the nerves' ends in the posterior pituitary. They are secreted directly into",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276392",
"chunk_text": "Secretin\nSecretin Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. It is a peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum, which are located in the intestinal glands. In humans, the secretin peptide is encoded by the SCT gene. Secretin helps regulate the pH of the duodenum by (1) inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach and (2) stimulating the production of bicarbonate from the ductal cells of the pancreas. It also stimulates bile",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18320485",
"chunk_text": "\"Apocrine sweat gland\"\nonly restricted areas, including the armpits and external genitalia. They are inactive until stimulated by hormonal changes in puberty. The apocrine gland secretes an oily fluid with proteins, lipids, and steroids that is odorless before microbial activity. It appears on the skin surface mixed with sebum, as sebaceous glands open into the same hair follicle. Unlike eccrine sweat glands, which secrete continuously, the apocrine glands secrete in periodic spurts. Apocrine sweat glands were originally thought to use only apocrine secretion: vesicles pinch off from the secretory cells, then degrade in the secretory lumen, releasing their product. More recent research has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8017137",
"chunk_text": "Secretin\nbe released. Secretin primarily functions to neutralize the pH in the duodenum, allowing digestive enzymes from the pancreas (e.g., pancreatic amylase and pancreatic lipase) to function optimally. Secretin targets the pancreas; pancreatic centroacinar cells have secretin receptors in their plasma membrane. As secretin binds to these receptors, it stimulates adenylate cyclase activity and converts ATP to cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP acts as second messenger in intracellular signal transduction and causes the organ to secrete a bicarbonate-rich fluid that flows into the intestine. Bicarbonate is a base that neutralizes the acid, thus establishing a pH favorable to the action of other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6680911",
"chunk_text": "\"Digestive enzyme\"\nsystem) activates the ENS, in turn leading to the release of acetylcholine. Once present, acetylcholine activates G cells and parietal cells. Pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland, in that it functions to produce endocrinic hormones released into the circulatory system (such as insulin, and glucagon), to control glucose metabolism, and also to secrete digestive/exocrinic pancreatic juice, which is secreted eventually via the pancreatic duct into duodenum. Digestive or exocrine function of pancreas is as significant to the maintenance of health as its endocrine function. Two of the population of cells in the pancreatic parenchyma make up its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20082443",
"chunk_text": "\"Human digestive system\"\ngland in the digestive system. It is both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland. The endocrine part secretes insulin when the blood sugar becomes high; insulin moves glucose from the blood into the muscles and other tissues for use as energy. The endocrine part releases glucagon when the blood sugar is low; glucagon allows stored sugar to be broken down into glucose by the liver in order to re-balance the sugar levels. The pancreas produces and releases important digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice that it delivers to the duodenum. The pancreas lies below and at the back of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6693823",
"chunk_text": "Secretion\nSecretion Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, e.g. secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. In contrast, excretion, is the removal of certain substances or waste products from a cell or organism. The classical mechanism of cell secretion is via secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structure at the cell plasma membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell. Secretion in bacterial species means the transport or translocation of effector molecules for example: proteins, enzymes or toxins (such as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9916098",
"chunk_text": "Pancreas\nSecretion of these proenzymes is via the hormones gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin, which are secreted by cells in the stomach and duodenum in response to distension and/or food. About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and about 50% of these genes are expressed in the normal pancreas. Less than 100 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the pancreas. Similar to the salivary glands, most of the pancreas specific genes encode for secreted proteins. Corresponding pancreas specific proteins are either expressed in the exocrine cellular compartment and have functions related to digestion of food uptake such",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2506138",
"chunk_text": "Neurosecretion\nNeurosecretion Neurosecretion is the storage, synthesis and release of hormones from neurons. These neurohormones, produced by neurosecretory cells, are normally secreted from nerve cells in the brain that then circulate into the blood. These neurohormones are similar to nonneural endocrine cells and glands in that they also regulate both endocrine and nonendocrine cells. Neurosecretion cells synthesize and package their product in vesicles and exocytose them at axon endings just as normal neurons do, but release their product farther from their target than normal neurons (which release their neurotransmitters short distances at synapses), typically releasing their neurohormones into the circulatory system",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12959543",
"chunk_text": "Pancreas\nThese supply the head of the pancreas. The body and neck of the pancreas drain into the splenic vein; the head drains into the superior mesenteric and portal veins. The pancreas contains tissue with an endocrine and exocrine role, and this division is also visible when the pancreas is viewed under a microscope. The tissues with an endocrine role can be seen under staining as lightly-stained clusters of cells, called pancreatic islets (also called islets of Langerhans). Darker-staining cells form clusters called acini, which are arranged in lobes separated by a thin fibrous barrier. The secretory cells of each acinus",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10559366",
"chunk_text": "Neurohormone\nlocal inputs. The adrenomedullary hormones are: Enterochromaffin cells in the epithelia lining the lumen of the digestive tract secrete serotonin, while enterochromaffin-like cells at the stomach glands secrete histamine. Their synthesis, storage, and release of hormones is co-regulated by hormonal, local and nervous inputs. Neurohormone A neurohormone is any hormone produced and released by neuroendocrine cells (also called neurosecretory cells) into the blood. By definition of being hormones, they are secreted into the circulation for systemic effect, but they can also have a role of neurotransmitter or other roles such as autocrine (self) or paracrine (local) messenger. The hypothalamus produces",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5647030",
"chunk_text": "Holocrine\nHolocrine Holocrine is a term used to classify the mode of secretion in exocrine glands in the study of histology. Holocrine secretions are produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and released by the rupture of the plasma membrane, which destroys the cell and results in the secretion of the product into the lumen. Holocrine gland secretion is the most damaging (to the cell itself and not to the host which begot the cell) type of secretion, with merocrine secretion being the least damaging and apocrine secretion falling in between. Examples of holocrine glands include the sebaceous glands of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2999268",
"chunk_text": "\"Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis\"\nin which the hypothalamus and pituitary direct neuroendocrine function. The hypothalamus is located in the brain and secretes GnRH. GnRH travels down the anterior portion of the pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system and binds to receptors on the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis. In response to GnRH stimulation these cells produce LH and FSH, which travel into the blood stream. These two hormones play an important role in communicating to the gonads. In females FSH and LH act primarily to activate the ovaries to produce estrogen and inhibin and to regulate the menstrual cycle and ovarian cycle. Estrogen forms",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3882000",
"chunk_text": "\"Enteroendocrine cell\"\nin the duodenum and jejunum. I cells secrete cholecystokinin (CCK), and are located in the duodenum and jejunum. They modulate bile secretion, exocrine pancreas secretion, and satiety. Stomach enteroendocrine cells, which release gastrin, and stimulate gastric acid secretion. Enterochromaffin cells are enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cells with a close similarity to adrenomedullary chromaffin cells secreting serotonin. Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell secreting histamine. Located in the jejunum, N cells release neurotensin, and control smooth muscle contraction. S cells secrete secretin from the duodenum and jejunum, and stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion. also called Delta cells, secrete",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8622956",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\nand inhibits glucose uptake and metabolism. Secretion is regulated by growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH), or somatostatin. Hypersecretion causes gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults; hyposecretion in children causes pituitary dwarfism. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) promotes normal development and activity of the thyroid gland. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates its release; negative feedback of thyroid hormone inhibits it. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids. ACTH release is triggered by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and inhibited by rising glucocorticoid levels. The gonadotropins—follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) regulate the functions of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18320478",
"chunk_text": "\"Apocrine sweat gland\"\nApocrine sweat gland An apocrine sweat gland (; from Greek \"\"apo–\"\" \"\"away\"\" and \"\"krinein\"\" \"\"to separate\"\") is composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle. In humans, apocrine sweat glands are found only in certain locations of the body: the axillae (armpits), areola and nipples of the breast, ear canal, eyelids, wings of the nostril, perianal region, and some parts of the external genitalia. Modified apocrine glands include the ciliary glands in the eyelids; the ceruminous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4090148",
"chunk_text": "\"Secretory protein\"\nthe process has been extended to host-pathogen interface, wherein, gram negative microbes secrete bacterial outer membrane vesicles containing fully conformed signal proteins and virulence factors via exocytosis of nano-sized vesicles, in order to control host or target cell activities and exploit their environment. UniProt contains manually curated secretory proteins. There are also computationally predicted secretory protein databases, these databases are listed in the Secretome section. Secretory protein A secretory protein is any protein, whether it be endocrine or exocrine, which is secreted by a cell. Secretory proteins include many hormones, enzymes, toxins, and antimicrobial peptides. Secretory proteins are synthesized in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10673633",
"chunk_text": "\"Neuroendocrine cell\"\nof these factors (releasing hormones), released at the hypothalamic median eminence, control the secretion of pituitary hormones, while others (the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin) are released directly into the blood. APUD cells are considered part of the neuroendocrine system, and share many staining properties with neuroendocrine cells. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) are specialized airway epithelial cells that occur as solitary cells or as clusters called neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) in the lung. They are located in the nasal respiratory epithelium, laryngeal mucosa and throughout the entire respiratory tract from the trachea to the terminal airways. PNEC and NEB exist from fetal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7622292",
"chunk_text": "\"Endocrine gland\"\nof a target cell to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of receptors, within the cell or on its plasma membrane, to which the hormone can bind. Hormone receptors are dynamic structures. Changes in number and sensitivity of hormone receptors may occur in response to high or low levels of stimulating hormones. Blood levels of hormones reflect a balance between secretion and degradation/excretion. The liver and kidneys are the major organs that degrade hormones; breakdown products are excreted in urine and feces. Hormone half-life and duration of activity are limited and vary from hormone to hormone. Interaction of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_955
|
where did the cosbys live in new york?
|
n/a
|
[
"in Brooklyn",
"Brooklyn, New York"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
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"chunk_text": "\"The Cosby Show\"\ndriver, who owned his own car, and the mother an electrician. With advice from his wife Camille Cosby, though, the concept was changed so that the family was well-off financially, with the mother a lawyer and the father a physician. Cosby wanted the program to be educational, reflecting his own background in education. He also insisted that the program be taped in New York City instead of Los Angeles, where most television programs were taped. The Huxtable home exterior was filmed at 10 St. Luke's Place near 7th Avenue in Manhattan's Greenwich Village (although in the show, the residence was",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Cosby Show\"\nlife. The show led to the spinoff \"\"A Different World\"\", which ran for six seasons from 1987 to 1993. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family, living in a brownstone in Brooklyn Heights, New York, at 10 Stigwood Avenue. The patriarch is Cliff Huxtable, an obstetrician and son of a prominent jazz trombonist. The matriarch is his wife, attorney Clair Huxtable. They have four daughters and one son: Sondra, Denise, Theo, Vanessa, and Rudy. Despite its comedic tone, the show sometimes involves serious subjects, like Theo's experiences dealing with dyslexia, inspired by Cosby's dyslexic son,",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Cosby Show\"\nthe fictional \"\"10 Stigwood Avenue\"\"). The earliest episodes of the series were videotaped at NBC's Brooklyn studios (now owned by JC Studios). The network later sold that building, and production moved to the Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens. Even though the show was set to take place in Brooklyn, the exterior façade was actually of a brownstone townhouse located in Manhattan's Greenwich Village at 10 Leroy Street/ 10 St. Luke's Place. The pilot was filmed in May 1984, with season one's production commencing in July 1984, and the first taping on August 1, 1984 (\"\"Goodbye Mr. Goldfish\"\"). During its original",
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"chunk_text": "\"William Cosby\"\nMontgomerie, died soon after taking office. On 13 January 1732, George II appointed Cosby as \"\"Captain General & Governor in Chief of the Provinces of New York, New Jersey and Territories depending thereon in America\"\". The interim governor, who would serve until Cosby arrived in America, was Rip Van Dam. Cosby arrived in New York City on 24 April 1732, bringing his wife, two of his daughters, and one of his sons. He assumed office on 7 August. At the time, New York had 50,000 inhabitants, but its port activity was booming with docks and shipyards. King George II gave",
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"chunk_text": "\"William Cosby\"\nCosby a land grant on 2 January 1734, of 22,000 acres on the Mohawk River, in what became Herkimer County, New York, and named Cosby's Manor later (19 February 1736). The grant, sold in 1772 to Philip Schuyler and four other proprietors, included the later sites of Utica and Schuyler, New York. Cosby was promoted to vice admiral on 29 September 1735, and to brigadier general on 30 November 1735, while serving as royal governor. The salaries of British colonial governors were always a contentious issue in eighteenth-century British America. When Cosby arrived in New York, he demanded that the",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Cosby Show\"\nThe Cosby Show The Cosby Show was an American television sitcom starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from September 20, 1984, until April 30, 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York. \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" spent five consecutive seasons as the number-one rated show on television. \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" and \"\"All in the Family\"\" are the only sitcoms in the history of the Nielsen ratings to be the number-one show for five seasons. It spent all eight of its seasons in the top 20. According to",
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"chunk_text": "\"William Cosby\"\nCosby's dismissal as governor or to secure his own reappointment as chief justice. Nevertheless, Morris was ultimately appointed governor of New Jersey. In New York, the Septennial Act of 1743 ensured that assembly elections would henceforth be held at regular intervals, no less than once every seven years. As royal governor, Cosby illegally seized lands owned by colonists in Hopewell, New Jersey, awarding them to his royalist allies, Dr Daniel Coxe and his son. Cosby pushed out the settlers, forcing them to repurchase their properties, and then, as supreme judicial official of the colony, rejected the popular pleas led by",
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"chunk_text": "\"William Cosby\"\nIreland (24 December 1717 to 1732). In 1711, Cosby married Grace Montagu, a British lady with connections at Buckingham Palace, as sister of George Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax. They had children: William (1713), Grace (1716), Elizabeth (1721), Grace (1723) and Henry (1719). All of them were born in Britain, mostly at Westminster, London. Both sons followed careers in the military afterward. A third son, Alexander, born 1717, is not recorded as a son of William in contemporary documents, but was a son of Grace. Cosby had a home in Soho Square and one in St. Leonard's Hill (the old",
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"chunk_text": "\"Erika Cosby\"\nErika Cosby Erika Ranee Cosby (born April 8, 1965) is a contemporary American painter and was an adjunct professor of Art at New York University (2012–2013). She is known as a daughter of philanthropist Camille Cosby and comedian Bill Cosby. Erika Cosby was born on April 8, 1965 in Los Angeles, California, the oldest of five children born to Camille Olivia (née Hanks) and William Henry Cosby, Jr. All five of the siblings' names began with E, for \"\"excellence.\"\" has two living siblings; sisters Erinn (born 1966), and Evin (born 1976). Her brother, Ennis Cosby (born in 1969), was murdered",
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"chunk_id": "8937662",
"chunk_text": "\"Denise Huxtable\"\neclectic style has had a profound impact on modern-day fashion trends; media publications frequently rank Denise among television's best-dressed characters. \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" follows the daily goings-on of the Huxtable family, an upper-middle class African American family who reside in Brooklyn, New York. The family is run by Dr. Cliff Huxtable (Bill Cosby), an obstetrician, and his wife Clair (Phylicia Rashad), a lawyer. The second eldest of their five children, Denise is a younger sister of Sondra (Sabrina Lebeauf) and an elder sister to Theo (Malcolm-Jamal Warner), Vanessa (Tempestt Bledsoe) and Rudy (Keshia Knight Pulliam). After graduating from high school,",
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"chunk_id": "14579998",
"chunk_text": "\"Andrea Constand v. William H. Cosby, Jr.\"\nat Temple as director of operations for the women's team. In 2002, Cosby and Constand became friends in her new role; Cosby is an alumnus of Temple and maintained a close relationship with the college. Constand attended dinner parties and private dinners at Cosby’s home in Elkins Park, a suburb of Philadelphia. In January 2004, Constand went to Cosby's house in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania after a night out with friends. Constand stated that Cosby listened to her complaints about stress. According to Constand, Cosby gave her three blue pills he claimed would help her relax (Cosby would later, in a",
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"chunk_id": "17207049",
"chunk_text": "\"Murder of Ennis Cosby\"\nMurder of Ennis Cosby Ennis William Cosby (April 15, 1969 – January 16, 1997) was the only son of American comedian Bill Cosby. On January 16, 1997, Cosby was murdered near Interstate 405 in Los Angeles, California. He was shot in the head by 18-year-old Mikhail Markhasev in a failed robbery attempt. Cosby's death resulted in significant media coverage, public outrage and an outpouring of support for the Cosby family. Seeking the $100,000 reward offered by the \"\"National Enquirer\"\", an acquaintance of the shooter provided information that led to Markhasev's arrest in March 1997. Subsequently, Markhasev was tried and convicted",
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"chunk_text": "\"Erika Cosby\"\nin 1997. Her youngest sister, Ensa Cosby (born in 1973), died of kidney disease in 2018. Following high school, Cosby attended Wesleyan University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1987. After Wesleyan, she attended the School of Visual Arts in New York City, earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1989. She then attended the University of California, Berkeley and graduated in 1991 with a Masters of Fine Arts. Following the completion of her MFA, Cosby attended the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in Maine for a nine-week summer residency course. David C. Driskell wrote that Cosby's",
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"chunk_text": "\"William Cosby\"\nbe punished unless what it had printed was falsely seditious. The principle he proclaimed still stands in modern United States law: libel only exists when falsehoods are perpetrated. Zenger was acquitted by the jury on 18 August 1735. De Lancey declined to reverse that decision. Although the Zenger case did not entirely put an end to prosecutions for seditious libel, it set a precedent for freedom of the press. Cosby died of tuberculosis on 10 March 1736, between 1 and 2 pm, in the Governor's House at Ft. George, today's Battery Park, New York City. First, he was buried in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby 77\"\nyears old on July 12, 2014. The same day, \"\"Bill Cosby 77\"\" was filmed live in California during his performance at the San Francisco Jazz Center. In August 2014, in an interview with \"\"The Patriot Ledger\"\", Cosby explained why he selected the San Francisco Jazz Center as the venue for the performance: \"\"We taped at the SFJazz Center, because San Francisco was the city that put me on the map.\"\" Cosby stated that he had driven to San Francisco from Philadelphia in 1962 and encountered Enrico Banducci at an establishment called the hungry i. Cosby commented: \"\"The new special is",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby\"\nassault accusations, the earliest of which date back decades. More than 60 women accused him of rape, drug-facilitated sexual assault, sexual battery, child sexual abuse, and sexual misconduct, allegations he denies, for which the statute of limitations had by then expired in nearly all cases. Cosby was found guilty of three counts of aggravated indecent assault in April 2018, and sentenced to three to ten years in prison on September 25, 2018. Cosby was born on July 12, 1937, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is one of four sons of Anna Pearl (née Hite), a maid, and William Henry Cosby Sr.,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dabney Cosby\"\nNorth Carolina, and worked in many styles throughout his career. In 1840 he purchased a lot in Raleigh, North Carolina, living in that town until his death; his letters indicate that he travelled greatly during this time. Most of Cosby's surviving buildings are in Virginia. These include Cumberland County Courthouse in Cumberland, Virginia; Grace Church in the former community of Ca Ira; Halifax County Courthouse in Halifax, Virginia, Venable Hall, on the campus of Hampden–Sydney College; the Sussex County Courthouse in Sussex, and the Goochland County Courthouse complex in Goochland, all of which are listed on the National Register of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby\"\nin Harlem, at the Apollo Theater in New York City. Cosby and his wife have collected over 300 works of African-American art since 1967. The works went on display in \"\"Conversations\"\", an exhibit at the National Museum of African Art in 2014. The show became controversial as the increasing number of sexual assault allegations against Cosby became prominent. Cosby is a supporter of his alma mater, Temple University, particularly its men's basketball team, whose games Cosby frequently attended prior to his arrest. He is also a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity; he was initiated in the fraternity's Beta",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby\"\nAlpha Alpha graduate chapter in White Plains, New York, in 1988. In 2016, Cosby's attorneys reported that he is now legally blind. In an April 2017 interview with the National Newspaper Publishers Association – an interview he only agreed to do as long as the NNPA portrayed him in a positive light – both Cosby and one of his former publicists confirmed this, noting he lost his sight at some point in 2015. During Autumn Jackson's extortion trial in July 1997, Cosby testified that he made private payments to Shawn Upshaw, a woman who had briefly been his lover in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Stan Lee\"\n1947, Lee lived in the rented top floor of a brownstone in the East 90s in Manhattan. He married Joan Clayton Boocock, originally from Newcastle, England, on December 5, 1947, and in 1949, the couple bought a house in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island, living there through 1952. Their daughter Joan Celia \"\"J. C.\"\" Lee was born in 1950. Another daughter, Jan Lee, died three days after delivery in 1953. The Lees resided in the Long Island town of Hewlett Harbor, New York, from 1952 to 1980. They also owned a condominium on East 63rd Street in Manhattan from",
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"chunk_text": "\"Cosby, Tennessee\"\nBig Creek (between Cosby and Newport) in 1867 and the 1870s, respectively. In the 1890s, a lumber mill was established at nearby Hartford, adjacent to the Tennessee-North Carolina border. By 1900, most Cosby residents were either farmers or worked in lumber mills. Some residents supplemented their income by gathering ginseng, evergreens, and moss in the mountains, and some distilled corn liquor. Religion was still of utmost importance. Most church services were held once every month, usually in framed buildings. Mary Bell Smith, who grew up in Cosby in the 1920s, remembered: Sermons were long and harrowing. In vivid language, the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby sexual assault cases\"\nwould later have his medical license revoked in California and New York; he died in 2002. On December 30, 2015, in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Cosby was charged with three counts of aggravated indecent assault on Constand as a result of a single incident alleged to have occurred at his home in Cheltenham Township on an unspecified date between mid-January and mid-February 2004 (referred to by media coverage as \"\"January 2004\"\"), according to the very detailed arrest warrant filed on December 15, 2015. These are the first criminal charges as a result of sexual assault allegations that have been made by",
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"chunk_text": "\"Pilot (The Cosby Show)\"\ndecided whether the brownstone would be set in Brooklyn or Manhattan. The set used for the pilot episode of \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" was notably different than the one used during the remainder of the series. In the first episode, the first floor has extra rooms that it does not have in the rest of the series. In the pilot, Cliff and Clair Huxtable have only four children. The fifth child, Sondra - who was the eldest child - was not introduced until the tenth episode of the first season, entitled \"\"Bon Jour, Sondra\"\". Her being away at college is the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Cosby, Tennessee\"\nMountain communities, such as Cades Cove and the Sugarlands, only part of Cosby was incorporated into the national park. Many farmers were indeed glad to sell their land, but according to Mary Bell Smith: The day was mournful for many families when the government bought the Great Smokey Mountains and created a national park. Our friends and acquaintances who had lived there for generations had to find new homes and a new way of life. For much of the first half of the 20th century, Cosby was known to East Tennesseans as \"\"The Moonshine Capital of the World.\"\" Of Cosby's",
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"chunk_text": "\"William Cosby\"\nWilliam Cosby Brigadier-General William Cosby (1690–1736) was an Irish soldier who served as the British royal governor of New York from 1732 to 1736. During his short term as governor, Cosby was portrayed as one of the most oppressive royal placeholders in British Colonial America. In 1735, Cosby accused publisher John Peter Zenger of sedition and libel for publishing unflattering reports about Cosby. In spite of Cosby's efforts, Zenger was acquitted of all charges and the case helped to establish the concept of freedom of the press. William Cosby was born in Stradbally Hall, Queen's County, Ireland, in 1690. His",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby\"\nbased on ideas that Cosby suggested while in meetings with the writing staff. The show had parallels to Cosby's actual family life: like the characters Cliff and Clair Huxtable, Cosby and his wife Camille were college educated and financially successful, and they had five children. On the show, Cosby played the role of an obstetrician. Much of the material from the pilot and first season of \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" was taken from his video \"\"\"\", released in 1983. The series was an immediate success, debuting near the top of the ratings and staying there for most of its eight-season run.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Cosby, Tennessee\"\nCosby, Tennessee Cosby is an unincorporated community in Cocke and Sevier counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Although it is not a census-designated place, the ZIP Code Tabulation Area for the ZIP Code (37722) that serves Cosby had a population of 5,201 as of the 2000 U.S. Census. The community has given its name to the northeastern section of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which forms its southern boundary. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,201 people, 2,091 households, and 1,525 families residing in the Zip Code Tabulation Area for the zip code (37722) that serves",
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"chunk_text": "\"Murder of Ennis Cosby\"\nhis legacy. His parents had the phrase put on a sign near his grave, and several months after his death, his father released a jazz collection titled, \"\"Hello, Friend: To Ennis With Love\"\". Cosby was in Los Angeles in January 1997, while on winter break from his classes at Columbia University. In the early hours of January 16, 1997, he was visiting friends in Los Angeles and driving north on Interstate 405 through the Sepulveda Pass when, at approximately 1 a.m., he pulled off the freeway onto Skirball Center Drive to fix a flat tire. He called a friend, Stephanie",
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"chunk_text": "\"Spencer Cosby\"\nrank of major. However, he remained in the regular army, in which he became a captain on February 2, 1901. In March 1909 he was appointed in charge of public buildings and grounds for the District of Columbia, with the rank of colonel. On September 16, 1909 in Southampton, New York he married E. Yvonne Shepard, the daughter of Dr. Charles R. Shepard. He managed the design and construction of new White House executive offices and the Oval Office. In 1912 he supervised the planting of Japanese cherry trees at the United States Capitol. On August 7, 1913 he was",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dabney Cosby\"\nHistoric Places, as well as Hotel A, one of the buildings designed by Jefferson that comprise the core of the University of Virginia, which has long housed the \"\"Virginia Quarterly Review\"\". In North Carolina he designed the Dr. Beverly Jones House near Bethania, Forsyth County, North Carolina. Cosby died in 1862. Dabney Cosby Dabney Cosby (c. 1793 – August 1862) was an American architect and builder active primarily in Virginia and North Carolina. His earliest known work dates to the 1820s; he is known to have been active until the time of his death. Cosby is said to have worked",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby\"\nHe transferred to Germantown High School but failed the tenth grade. In 1956, Cosby enlisted in the Navy and served as a hospital corpsman at the Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia; at Naval Station Argentia in Newfoundland, Canada; and at the National Naval Medical Center in Maryland. He worked in physical therapy with Navy and Marine Corps personnel who were injured during the Korean War. Cosby earned his high school equivalency diploma through correspondence courses and was awarded a track and field scholarship to Temple University in 1961. At Temple, he studied physical education while he ran track and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Murder of Ennis Cosby\"\non falsehood and deceit,\"\" wrote Markhasev, who is incarcerated at California State Prison, Corcoran. \"\"I am guilty, and I want to do the right thing ... More than anything, I want to apologize to the victim's family. It is my duty as a fellow citizen, and it's the least I can do, after the great wickedness for which I am responsible.\"\" Murder of Ennis Cosby Ennis William Cosby (April 15, 1969 – January 16, 1997) was the only son of American comedian Bill Cosby. On January 16, 1997, Cosby was murdered near Interstate 405 in Los Angeles, California. He was",
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"chunk_text": "\"Camille Cosby\"\non January 25, 1964. Following their marriage, Cosby and her husband had five children: Erika (born 1965), Erinn (born 1966), Ennis(April 15, 1969 – January 16, 1997), Ensa (April 8, 1973 – February 23, 2018), and Evin (born 1976). Ennis was murdered on January 16, 1997 at age 27. Her daughter Ensa died February 23, 2018 of renal disease while awaiting a kidney transplant. She was 44. Cosby acts as manager for her husband and has been depicted as a \"\"shrewd businesswoman.\"\" During an interview with \"\"Ebony Magazine\"\", Bill Cosby stated, \"\"People would rather deal with me than with Camille.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby\"\nWhat is the value of it? Is it that some people are angry because my people no longer want to work for free?\"\" Cosby married Camille Hanks on January 25, 1964. Together, they had five children, Erika (b. 1965), Erinn (b. 1966), Ennis (1969–1997), Ensa (1973–2018), and Evin (b. 1976). Their only son, Ennis, was murdered on January 16, 1997, while changing a flat tire on the side of Interstate 405 in Los Angeles. Cosby's daughter Ensa died of renal disease on February 23, 2018, while awaiting a kidney transplant. The Cosbys have three grandchildren. Cosby, a Protestant, maintains homes",
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"chunk_text": "\"Marcy Houses\"\nin 1946 by the NYCHA; this playground was reconstructed in 1989. In October 2008, Marcy's neighborhood garden earned 3rd place at the 43rd Annual Garden and Greening Awards Ceremony, and its evergreen garden earned second place. It is famous as the childhood home of Jay-Z, and Memphis Bleek, whom the former signed to his label Roc-A-Fella. Jay-Z often described \"\"Marcy\"\" as a dangerous place to live, with high crime rates and prevalence of crack cocaine. On \"\"Chappelle's Show\"\", the fictional character Ashy Larry is from Marcy. Marcy Houses Marcy, or Marcy Projects, is a public housing complex built and operated",
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"chunk_text": "\"Camille Cosby\"\nCamille Cosby Camille Olivia Cosby (née Hanks; born March 20, 1944) is an American television producer, author, philanthropist, and the wife of comedian Bill Cosby. The character of Clair Huxtable from \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" was based on her. Camille was born Camille Olivia Hanks on March 20, 1944, in Washington D.C., to Guy A. Hanks Sr. and Catherine C. Hanks. She grew up in Norbeck, Maryland, just outside Washington. She is the oldest of four children and is a distant cousin of Nancy Hanks Lincoln, mother of United States President Abraham Lincoln. Through Lincoln, she is a distant cousin of",
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"chunk_text": "\"Henry Cosby\"\naround the city, before joining Berry Gordy's company. After leaving Motown when the company moved to Los Angeles in the early 1970s, Cosby worked for a time as a producer with Fantasy Records, including production work for Rance Allen, a gospel-influenced artist from Detroit. Cosby died at age 73 on January 22, 2002, at the William Beaumont Hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan, after complications from a cardiac bypass surgery. His name is written on an honorary South Tower Construction beam of the hospital. Prior to his death, Cosby requested that two people sing at his funeral—Stevie Wonder and Jennifer Fouché—and",
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"chunk_text": "Cosby\nCosby Cosby is an American sitcom television series broadcast on CBS from September 16, 1996, until April 28, 2000. The program starred Bill Cosby and Phylicia Rashad, who had previously worked together in the 1984–1992 NBC sitcom \"\"The Cosby Show\"\". Madeline Kahn portrayed their neighbor, Pauline, until her death in 1999. The series is loosely based on the British sitcom \"\"One Foot in the Grave\"\" airing on BBC from 1990 until 2001. This was also the second and final sitcom that Madeline Kahn made for The Carsey-Werner Company, her first being \"\"Oh Madeline\"\" (based on the British sitcom \"\"Pig in",
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"chunk_id": "10249295",
"chunk_text": "\"African Americans in New York City\"\npower and demography in the city from other districts of the city to Harlem. The tipping point occurred on June 15, 1904 when up-and-coming real estate entrepreneur Philip A. Payton, Jr. established the Afro-American Realty Company, which began to aggressively buy and lease houses in the ethnically-mixed but predominantly-white Harlem following the housing crashes of 1904 and 1905. In addition to an influx of long-time African-American residents from other neighborhoods, the Tenderloin, San Juan Hill (now the site of Lincoln Center), Minetta Lane in Greenwich Village and Hell's Kitchen in the west 40s and 50s. The move to northern Manhattan",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4043238",
"chunk_text": "\"Cosby, Tennessee\"\nthe population was 18 years of age or older with 14.4% being 62 years of age or older. The median age was 38.1 years. The population was 48.1% male and 51.9% female. The median income for a household in the area was $26,533, and the median income for a family was $30,444. The per capita income for the city was $12,992. About 9.2% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line. Cosby is located at (35.8172, -83.2469). The community is spread out over a narrow valley that runs from Allen Grove near Newport in the north",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17207050",
"chunk_text": "\"Murder of Ennis Cosby\"\nof first-degree murder and attempted robbery on July 7, 1998, and was sentenced to life in prison the following month. Markhasev maintained his innocence until 2001, when he admitted to committing the murder and asked that appeals in his case stop. Ennis William Cosby was born April 15, 1969 to Camille Olivia (née Hanks) and William Henry Cosby, Jr. He was their third child and only son. Cosby had four sisters; Erika (born 1965), Erinn (born 1966), Ensa (April 8, 1973 – February 23, 2018), and Evin (born 1976). When Camille was due to give birth to Ennis, Cosby joked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17207060",
"chunk_text": "\"Murder of Ennis Cosby\"\nwas about to be shown. The network received hundreds of calls of complaint, and anchor Bobbie Battista apologized on air for broadcasting the footage. (KTLA had not shown the footage as it was deemed too graphic by the station's standards.) In the hours after Cosby's death, photographers and news cameras gathered outside Bill and Camille Cosby's Manhattan home. Bill Cosby, returning home from the studio in Queens after being informed of Ennis' death, was met with a \"\"media circus\"\" outside his home. When pressed for quotes by reporters, Cosby said of his son, \"\"He was my hero.\"\" The family began",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2355031",
"chunk_text": "\"Dabney Cosby\"\nDabney Cosby Dabney Cosby (c. 1793 – August 1862) was an American architect and builder active primarily in Virginia and North Carolina. His earliest known work dates to the 1820s; he is known to have been active until the time of his death. Cosby is said to have worked with Thomas Jefferson on the construction of some of the original buildings of the University of Virginia early in his career, but the precise nature of their collaboration remains unknown. His earliest documented work is the courthouse of Sussex County, Virginia, dated to 1825. Cosby was well-known around southern Virginia and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8590111",
"chunk_text": "\"Joseph Hathaway Cosby\"\nJoseph Hathaway Cosby Joseph Hathaway Cosby (June 2, 1902October 11, 1998) was an American pastor, US Army chaplain, and the third President of Hargrave Military Academy. Joseph Hathaway Cosby was born on June 2, 1902 in Hampton, Virginia to Joseph Hugh and Harriet Hathaway Cosby. After attending a variety of public schools, he entered Fork Union Military Academy, from which he graduated in 1921. Cosby then attended the University of Richmond, the University of Virginia, and the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, receiving a degree from each college. On September 17, 1924, Cosby married Helen Frances Eubank of Newport News, Virginia.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8937665",
"chunk_text": "\"Denise Huxtable\"\ndecides to enroll at Medgar Evers College. Finally, Denise relocates to Asia to live with Martin, where he is stationed for the remainder of the series, while Olivia remains in Brooklyn with her parents. In the series finale, Denise phone calls her family from Asia to announce that she is pregnant with her and Martin's first child. Comedian Bill Cosby became interested in developing \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" partially because he was unimpressed with popular family sitcoms that were airing at the time, some of which often depicted children talking back to and disrespecting their parents without suffering serious consequences. Cosby",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14164808",
"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby 77\"\nBill Cosby 77 Bill Cosby 77 is an unreleased 2014 stand-up comedy film featuring Bill Cosby, filmed before a live audience at the San Francisco Jazz Center in California. Cosby chose the venue in honor of his friend Enrico Banducci and his establishment the hungry i. The comedian said his wife Camille Cosby helped with the editing process of the film. Around sixty minutes in duration, the film features Cosby pontificating on matters of children, romance, and matrimony. The film was named because was taped on Cosby's 77th birthday on July 12, 2014. Cosby chose Netflix to release the performance",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2700390",
"chunk_text": "\"The Cosby Show\"\nshe was intending to be a full-time music recording artist. Most of the story in the pilot presentation is taken from Bill Cosby's classic comedy film \"\"\"\". Cosby's character is called \"\"Clifford\"\" in the early episodes of the first season (as evidenced by his name plate on the exterior of the Huxtable home). His name was later switched to \"\"Heathcliff\"\". Additionally, Vanessa refers to Theo as \"\"Teddy\"\" twice in the dining room scene. The interior of the Huxtables' home features an entirely different living room from subsequent episodes, and different color schemes in the dining room and the master bedroom.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19823261",
"chunk_text": "\"John Paulson\"\nGeorge, a track star in Romania, defected and moved to Queens. They have two daughters, Giselle and Danielle, and live most of the year in a 28,500-square-foot Upper East Side townhouse on East 86th Street, obtained for $14.7 million in 2004. He also owns a home in Aspen purchased for $24.5 million in 2010 and an estate in Southampton that he bought for $41 million in 2008. Paulson has an older sister named Theodora Bar-El, an Israeli biologist. Paulson rarely gives television interviews and told one interviewer, \"\"I avoid the media.\"\" John Paulson John Alfred Paulson (born December 14, 1955)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14579996",
"chunk_text": "\"Andrea Constand v. William H. Cosby, Jr.\"\nin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At that time, no criminal charges were filed. On December 30, 2015, however, Cosby was charged with three second degree felony counts of aggravated indecent assault as a result of the accusations made by Constand about the January 2004 incident, including revelations in Cosby's 2005 deposition in the case which came to public and investigators' attention when they were unsealed by a judge in 2015. In 2018, Cosby was found guilty of all three counts against Constand. He was sentenced to 3-10 years in state prison. Upon his release, he must register as a sexually violent predator",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1057083",
"chunk_text": "\"Bill Cosby\"\nplayed fullback on the college's football team. He began bartending at a Philadelphia club where he became more aware of his ability to make people laugh. He entertained his customers with humor, which caused his tips to increase, and he then took his talent to the stage. Cosby left Temple to pursue a career in comedy. He lined up stand-up jobs at clubs in Philadelphia and then in New York City, where he appeared at The Gaslight Cafe beginning in 1961. He booked dates in cities such as Chicago, Las Vegas, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. In the summer of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_956
|
christmas though a christian holiday began as a celebration of?
|
n/a
|
[
"the winter solstice"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "12494941",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nChristmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is preceded by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an octave. Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated religiously by a majority of Christians, as well as culturally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12494970",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nin pre-Christian festivals that were celebrated around the winter solstice by pagan populations who were later converted to Christianity. The prevailing atmosphere of Christmas has also continually evolved since the holiday's inception, ranging from a sometimes raucous, drunken, carnival-like state in the Middle Ages, to a tamer family-oriented and children-centered theme introduced in a 19th-century transformation. In fact, the celebration of Christmas was banned on more than one occasion within certain groups, such as the Puritans and Jehovah's Witnesses (who do not celebrate birthdays in general), due to concerns that it was too unbiblical. Prior to and through the early",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
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"chunk_id": "12494944",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nthe day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas. The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian, and secular themes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving, completing an Advent calendar or Advent wreath, Christmas music and caroling, lighting a Christingle, viewing a Nativity play, an exchange of Christmas cards, church services, a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12712287",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas Eve\"\nChristmas Eve Christmas Eve is the evening or entire day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus. Christmas Day is observed around the world, and Christmas Eve is widely observed as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day. Together, both days are considered one of the most culturally significant celebrations in Christendom and Western society. Christmas celebrations in the denominations of Western Christianity have long begun on the night of the 24th, due in part to the Christian liturgical day starting at sunset, a practice inherited from Jewish tradition and based on the story",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "14697183",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nsteadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world. \"\"Christmas\"\" is a shortened form of \"\"Christ's mass\"\". It is derived from the Middle English \"\"Cristemasse\"\", which is from Old English \"\"Crīstesmæsse\"\", a phrase first recorded in 1038 followed by the word \"\"Cristes-messe\"\" in 1131. \"\"Crīst\"\" (genitive \"\"Crīstes\"\") is from Greek \"\"Khrīstos\"\" (Χριστός), a translation of Hebrew \"\"Māšîaḥ\"\" (מָשִׁיחַ), \"\"Messiah\"\", meaning \"\"anointed\"\"; and \"\"mæsse\"\" is from Latin \"\"missa\"\", the celebration of the Eucharist. The form \"\"Christenmas\"\" was also historically used, but is now considered archaic and dialectal; it derives from Middle English \"\"Cristenmasse\"\", literally \"\"Christian mass\"\". \"\"Xmas\"\" is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15966132",
"chunk_text": "\"Twelve Days of Christmas\"\nTwelve Days of Christmas The Twelve Days of Christmas, also known as Twelvetide, is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus. In most Western ecclesiastical traditions, \"\"Christmas Day\"\" is considered the \"\"First Day of Christmas\"\" and the Twelve Days are 25 December – 5 January, inclusive. For many Christian denominations; for example, the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Church, the Twelve Days are identical to Christmastide, but for others, e.g., the Roman Catholic Church, \"\"Christmastide\"\" lasts longer than the Twelve Days of Christmas. Because the Armenian Apostolic Church and Armenian Catholic Church celebrate the Birth and Baptism of Christ",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14697230",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nthe totalitarian state, propagandists sought to deemphasize—or eliminate altogether—the Christian aspects of the holiday\"\" and that \"\"Propagandists tirelessly promoted numerous Nazified Christmas songs, which replaced Christian themes with the regime's racial ideologies.\"\" As Christmas celebrations began to be held around the world even outside traditional Christian cultures in the 20th century, some Muslim-majority countries subsequently banned the practice of Christmas, claiming it undermines Islam. Christmas Day is celebrated as a major festival and public holiday in countries around the world, including many whose populations are mostly non-Christian. In some non-Christian areas, periods of former colonial rule introduced the celebration (e.g.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14697275",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nrespect, even if they disagree with it. <categorytree depth=0>Public holidays by country</categorytree> Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is preceded by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an octave. Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world's nations,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6883496",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas controversies\"\nChristmas controversies Christmas, the Christian celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ held annually on 25 December, has come under both secular and religious attack since its earliest days. In the 17th century, the Puritans had laws forbidding the celebration of Christmas, unlike the Catholic Church or the Anglican Church, the latter from which they separated. With the atheistic Cult of Reason in power during the era of Revolutionary France, Christian Christmas religious services were banned and the three kings cake was forcibly renamed the \"\"equality cake\"\" under anticlerical government policies. Later, in the 20th century, Christmas celebrations were prohibited",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1737252",
"chunk_text": "\"True meaning of Christmas\"\nTrue meaning of Christmas The \"\"true meaning of Christmas\"\" is a phrase that began to appear in the mid-19th century when a shift toward a more secular culture resulted in a national backlash. Christians began to see the secularization of the celebration day of the birth of Christ as the shift toward Santa and gift exchanging replaced the celebration of the advent of Christ and giving to the poor and needy without expectation of receiving anything in return. The poem \"\"A Visit From St. Nicholas\"\" (1822) helped popularize the tradition of exchanging gifts, and seasonal Christmas shopping began to assume",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6413518",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas and holiday season\"\ntraditional Christian Advent season, the period observed in Western Christianity from the fourth Sunday before Christmas Day until Christmas Day itself. The term \"\"Advent calendar\"\" continues to be widely known in Western parlance as a term referring to a countdown to Christmas Day from the beginning of December. Beginning in the mid-20th century, as the Christian-associated Christmas holiday and liturgical season, in some circles, became increasingly commercialized and central to American economics and culture while religio-multicultural sensitivity rose, generic references to the season that omitted the word \"\"Christmas\"\" became more common in the corporate and public sphere of the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18213873",
"chunk_text": "Christmastide\nChristmastide Christmastide (also Christmas Time or the Christmas season) is a season of the liturgical year in most Christian churches. In some Christian denominations, Christmastide is identical to Twelvetide, a similar concept. For most Christian denominations, such as the United Methodist Church and the Roman Catholic Church, Christmastide begins on Christmas Eve at sunset or First Vespers, which is liturgically the beginning of Christmas Day. Most of Christmas Eve, understood as 24 December, is thus not part of Christmastide, but of Advent, the season in the Church Year that precedes Christmastide; in many liturgical calendars, Christmastide is followed by the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14697186",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nthe magi follow a star to Bethlehem to bring gifts to Jesus, born the king of the Jews. King Herod orders the massacre of all the boys less than two years old in Bethlehem, but the family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels and early Christian writers suggested various dates for the anniversary. The first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century. In the early Middle Ages, it was overshadowed by Epiphany. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "52442",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nwith Christian Christmas. \"\"Noel\"\" (or \"\"Nowel\"\") entered English in the late 14th century and is from the Old French \"\"noël\"\" or \"\"naël\"\", itself ultimately from the Latin \"\"nātālis (diēs)\"\" meaning \"\"birth (day)\"\". The canonical gospels of Luke and Matthew both describe Jesus as being born in Bethlehem to a virgin mother. In the Gospel of Luke, Joseph and Mary travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem for the census, and Jesus is born there and laid in a manger. It says that angels proclaimed him a savior for all people, and shepherds came to adore him. The Gospel of Matthew adds that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6414182",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas and holiday season\"\n4th century, the calendars of both churches included both feasts. The earliest suggestions of a fast of Baptism of Jesus on January 6 during the 2nd century comes from Clement of Alexandria, but there is no further mention of such a feast until 361 when Emperor Julian attended a feast on January 6 in the year 361. In the Christian tradition the Christmas season is a period \"\"beginning\"\" on Christmas Day (December 25). In some churches (e.g. the Lutheran Churches and the Anglican Communion) the season continues through Twelfth Night, the day before the Epiphany, which is celebrated either on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20578682",
"chunk_text": "\"Proclamation of the Birth of Christ\"\nProclamation of the Birth of Christ The Proclamation of the Birth of Christ, Kalenda Proclamation, or Christmas Proclamation, is a chant sung before the Midnight Mass for Christmas in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. The long text is a timeline, in which each verse represents the years from an historical event, either secular or religious, until birth of Jesus Christ, and the number of years – expressed in centuries or years – decreases until the day of the first Christmas. Originating from the Roman Martyrology, traditionally read during the hour of Prime, the proclamation places the birth of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10702473",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas controversies\"\nthe east\"\". In Christian belief, the teaching that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas; the exact date of the birth of Jesus of Nazareth is considered a non-issue. During the winter, the burning of logs was a common practice among many cultures across Northern Europe. In Scandinavia, this was known as the yule log and originally had a pagan significance; after the Christianization of Scandinavia, it may have been incorporated into the Christian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13038551",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas gift\"\nwinter solstice which in Europe occurs in December. This was celebrated during the Saturnalia holiday, which took place that month. As this feast was abandoned, the custom died out and is not the foundation of the Christian custom on the Feast of the Nativity of Our Lord, Christmas. As Christianity became increasingly widespread in the Roman lands, the custom of gift-giving occurred on New Year's Day. Around the year 336 AD the date of December 25 appears to have become established as the day of Jesus's birth, and the tradition of gift-giving was tied to the story of the Biblical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3970804",
"chunk_text": "\"Christianization of saints and feasts\"\nthis is clearly derived from the pre-Christian events. The Christian festival was originally held annually on the week after Pentecost, and is still held at about this date by the Orthodox churches, but in western Europe, churches began to hold it at the same time as the pre-Christian festivals commemorating the dead, and it was eventually moved officially, by Pope Gregory III. Christmas on 25 December is, according to Christian tradition, a celebration of the birth of Jesus. Although there have been various folk suggestions regarding the origin of Christmas, the earliest historical source stating December 25 as the date",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "52481",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\na family-centered festival of generosity, linking \"\"worship and feasting, within a context of social reconciliation.\"\" Superimposing his humanitarian vision of the holiday, in what has been termed \"\"Carol Philosophy\"\", Dickens influenced many aspects of Christmas that are celebrated today in Western culture, such as family gatherings, seasonal food and drink, dancing, games, and a festive generosity of spirit. A prominent phrase from the tale, \"\"Merry Christmas\"\", was popularized following the appearance of the story. This coincided with the appearance of the Oxford Movement and the growth of Anglo-Catholicism, which led a revival in traditional rituals and religious observances. The term",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6413517",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas and holiday season\"\nthe end of the season (the \"\"January sales\"\"). Christmas window displays and Christmas tree lighting ceremonies when trees decorated with ornaments and light bulbs are illuminated, are traditions in many areas. In the denominations of Western Christianity, the term \"\"Christmas season\"\" is considered synonymous with Christmastide, which runs from December 25 (Christmas Day) to January 5 (Epiphany Eve), popularly known as the 12 Days of Christmas. However, as the economic impact involving the anticipatory lead-up to Christmas Day grew in America and Europe into the 19th and 20th centuries, the term \"\"Christmas season\"\" began to become synonymous instead with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13038550",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas gift\"\nChristmas gift A Christmas gift or Christmas present is a gift given in celebration of Christmas. Christmas gifts are often exchanged on Christmas Day itself, December 25, or on the last day of the twelve-day Christmas season, Twelfth Night (January 5). The practice of giving gifts during Christmastide, according to Christian tradition, is symbolic of the presentation of the gifts by the Three Wise Men to the infant Jesus. The tradition of gift-giving in general is an old one, but it became associated with Christian feast of Christmas more recently. In ancient Rome, gift giving may have occurred near the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "52474",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nof Christmas, much copied in North America.\"\" Among the congregations of the Dutch Reformed Church, Christmas was celebrated as one of the principal evangelical feasts. However, in 17th century England, some groups such as the Puritans, strongly condemned the celebration of Christmas, considering it a Catholic invention and the \"\"trappings of popery\"\" or the \"\"rags of the Beast\"\". In contrast, the established Anglican Church \"\"pressed for a more elaborate observance of feasts, penitential seasons, and saints' days. The calendar reform became a major point of tension between the Anglican party and the Puritan party.\"\" The Catholic Church also responded, promoting",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18939251",
"chunk_text": "Christmastide\nWestern Christian phrase \"\"Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!\"\" and the Eastern Christian greeting \"\"Christ is born!\"\", to which others respond, \"\"Glorify Him!\"\" Christmastide begins very early on 25 December. Historically, the ending of Christmastide was 5 January. This traditional date is still followed by the Anglican Church and Lutheran Church, where Christmastide, commonly called the Twelve Days of Christmas, lasts 12 days, from 25 December to 5 January, the latter date being named as Twelfth Night. However, the ending is defined differently by some Christian denominations. In 1969, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church expanded Christmastide by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1028619",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas carol\"\nChristmas carol A Christmas carol (also called a noël, from the French word meaning \"\"Christmas\"\") is a carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas, and which is traditionally sung on Christmas itself or during the surrounding holiday season. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music. The first known Christmas hymns may be traced to 4th-century Rome. Latin hymns such as \"\"Veni redemptor gentium\"\", written by Ambrose, Archbishop of Milan, were austere statements of the theological doctrine of the Incarnation in opposition to Arianism. \"\"Corde natus ex Parentis\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "52464",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nChristian Thought\"\" remarks on the uncertainty about the order of precedence between the religious celebrations of the Birthday of the Unconquered Sun and of the birthday of Jesus, stating that the hypothesis that December 25 was chosen for celebrating the birth of Jesus on the basis of the belief that his conception occurred on March 25 \"\"potentially establishes 25 December as a Christian festival before Aurelian's decree, which, when promulgated, might have provided for the Christian feast both opportunity and challenge\"\". Many popular customs associated with Christmas developed independently of the commemoration of Jesus' birth, with certain elements having origins",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12494947",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nan abbreviation of \"\"Christmas\"\" found particularly in print, based on the initial letter chi (Χ) in Greek \"\"Khrīstos\"\" (Χριστός), \"\"Christ\"\", though numerous style guides discourage its use; it has precedent in Middle English \"\"Χρ̄es masse\"\" (where \"\"Χρ̄\"\" is an abbreviation for Χριστός). In addition to \"\"Christmas\"\", the holiday has been known by various other names throughout its history. The Anglo-Saxons referred to the feast as \"\"midwinter\"\", or, more rarely, as \"\"Nātiuiteð\"\" (from Latin \"\"nātīvitās\"\" below). \"\"Nativity\"\", meaning \"\"birth\"\", is from Latin \"\"nātīvitās\"\". In Old English, \"\"Gēola\"\" (\"\"Yule\"\") referred to the period corresponding to December and January, which was eventually equated",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14878672",
"chunk_text": "Holiday\nChristian holidays are defined as part of the liturgical year, the chief ones being Easter and Christmas. The Orthodox Christian and Western-Roman Catholic patronal feast day or \"\"name day\"\" are celebrated in each place's patron saint's day, according to the Calendar of saints. Jehovah's Witnesses annually commemorate \"\"The Memorial of Jesus Christ's Death\"\", but do not celebrate other holidays with any religious significance such as Easter, Christmas or New Year's. This holds especially true for those holidays that have combined and absorbed rituals, overtones or practices from non-Christian beliefs into the celebration, as well as those holidays that distract from",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9815214",
"chunk_text": "\"Advent Sunday\"\nAdvent Sunday Advent Sunday, also called the First Sunday of Advent or First Advent Sunday, among the Western Christian Churches, is the first day of the liturgical year and the start of the season of Advent. In Lutheran, Anglican, and Methodist churches the celebrant wears violet-coloured or blue vestments on this day, and the first violet or blue Advent candle is lit in the worship service. In the Church of Sweden, a Lutheran former national Church, the Liturgical colour is specifically white: the motivation is that the day is a joyful feast (the colour is changed to blue, the traditional",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13045900",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas controversies\"\nBritain), and the viewing of a Nativity play (first enacted by Catholic monks in 11th century Italy). Prior to the Victorian era, Christmas in the United States was primarily a religious holiday observed by Christians of the Roman Catholic, Episcopalian, and Lutheran denominations. Its importance was often considered secondary to that of Epiphany and Easter. The Puritans, on the other hand, objected to the Christian feast of Christmas, during the English Interregnum, when England was ruled by a Puritan Parliament. Puritans sought to remove elements they viewed as unbiblical from their practice of Christianity, including those feasts established by the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "12494984",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nthe era of Revolutionary France, Christian Christmas religious services were banned and the three kings cake was renamed the \"\"equality cake\"\" under anticlerical government policies. In the UK, Christmas Day became a bank holiday in 1834, Boxing Day was added in 1871. In the early-19th century, writers imagined Tudor Christmas as a time of heartfelt celebration. In 1843, Charles Dickens wrote the novel \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\" that helped revive the \"\"spirit\"\" of Christmas and seasonal merriment. Its instant popularity played a major role in portraying Christmas as a holiday emphasizing family, goodwill, and compassion. Dickens sought to construct Christmas as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10702481",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas controversies\"\ndemanding alcohol and food into one centered on the happiness of children. He notes that there was a deliberate effort to prevent children from becoming greedy in response. Christmas was not proclaimed a holiday by the United States Congress until 1870. In the early 20th century, Christian writers such as C. S. Lewis noted what he saw as a distinct split between the religious and commercialized observance of Christmas, the latter of which he deplored. In \"\"Xmas and Christmas: A Lost Chapter from Herodotus\"\", Lewis gives a satire of the observance of two simultaneous holidays in \"\"Niatirb\"\" (\"\"Britain\"\" spelled backwards)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12494942",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nby many non-Christians, and forms an integral part of the holiday season centered around it. The traditional Christmas narrative, the Nativity of Jesus, delineated in the New Testament says that Jesus was born in Bethlehem, in accordance with messianic prophecies. When Joseph and Mary arrived in the city, the inn had no room and so they were offered a stable where the Christ Child was soon born, with angels proclaiming this news to shepherds who then further disseminated the information. Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early-to-mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12494952",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nneo-Gothic churches, and the revival and increasing centrality of the keeping of Christmas itself as a Christian festival\"\" as well as \"\"special charities for the poor\"\" in addition to \"\"special services and musical events\"\". Charles Dickens and other writers helped in this revival of the holiday by \"\"changing consciousness of Christmas and the way in which it was celebrated\"\" as they emphasized family, religion, gift-giving, and social reconciliation as opposed to the historic revelry common in some places. As Christmas was unknown to the early Christian writers, it must have been introduced sometime after 300. Irenaeus and Tertullian omit it",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "12494954",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nnot necessarily show that Christmas was not a feast at this time. The earliest known Christmas celebration is recorded in a fourth-century manuscript compiled in Rome. This manuscript is thought to record a celebration that occurred in 336. It was prepared privately for Furius Dionysius Filocalus, a Roman aristocrat, in 354. The reference in question states, \"\"VIII kal. ian. natus Christus in Betleem Iudeæ\"\" translated as \"\"8 Kalends January Birth of Christ in Bethlehem, Judea.\"\" This reference is in a section of the manuscript that was copied from earlier source material. The document also contains the earliest known reference to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_id": "859423",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nthe world. On Christmas, people exchange gifts based on the Christian tradition associated with Saint Nicholas, and the gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh which were given to the baby Jesus by the Magi. The practice of gift giving in the Roman celebration of Saturnalia may have influenced Christian Christian customs, but on the other hand the Christian \"\"core dogma of the Incarnation, however, solidly established the giving and receiving of gifts as the structural principle of that recurrent yet unique event\"\", because it was the Biblical Magi, \"\"together with all their fellow men, who received the gift of God",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1737255",
"chunk_text": "\"True meaning of Christmas\"\ntime the true meaning of Christmas!\"\" True meaning of Christmas The \"\"true meaning of Christmas\"\" is a phrase that began to appear in the mid-19th century when a shift toward a more secular culture resulted in a national backlash. Christians began to see the secularization of the celebration day of the birth of Christ as the shift toward Santa and gift exchanging replaced the celebration of the advent of Christ and giving to the poor and needy without expectation of receiving anything in return. The poem \"\"A Visit From St. Nicholas\"\" (1822) helped popularize the tradition of exchanging gifts, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"chunk_id": "12494951",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nday that is December 25. In the Council of Tours of 567, the Church, with its desire to be universal, \"\"declared the twelve days between Christmas and Epiphany to be one unified festal cycle\"\", thus giving significance to both the Western and Eastern dates of Christmas. Associating it with drunkenness and other misbehaviour, the Puritans banned Christmas in the 17th century. It was restored as a legal holiday in 1660, but remained disreputable. In the early 19th century, the Oxford Movement in the Anglican Church ushered in \"\"the development of richer and more symbolic forms of worship, the building of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12494955",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nthe feast of Sol Invictus. The fact the Donatists of North Africa celebrated Christmas suggests that the feast was established by the time that church was created in 311. In Eastern Christianity the birth of Jesus was celebrated in connection with the Epiphany on January 6, which however emphasized celebration of the baptism of Jesus. Christmas was promoted in the Christian East as part of the revival of Nicene Christianity following the death of the pro-Arian Emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. The feast was introduced at Constantinople in 379, in Antioch by John Chrysostom towards the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "8694055",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas traditions\"\nand sometimes money or gold. For the Three Wise Men gave Baby Jesus Gold for his future. Christmas is a widely celebrated festive holiday in the United States, and Christmas Day is officially recognized as a federal holiday by the US Government. The Christmas and holiday season begins around the end of November with a major shopping kickoff on Black Friday, the day after the U.S. holiday of Thanksgiving, though Christmas decorations and music playing in stores sometimes extend into the period between Halloween and Thanksgiving. Many schools and businesses are closed during the period between Christmas and the New",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11563983",
"chunk_text": "\"Twelve Days of Christmas\"\non Christmas Eve and letting it burn some more on each of the twelve nights. For some, the Twelfth Night remains the night of the most festive parties and exchanges of gifts. Some households exchange gifts on the first (25 December) and last (5 January) days of the Twelve Days. As in former times, the Twelfth Night to the morning of Epiphany is the traditional time during which Christmas trees and decorations are deposed. Twelve Days of Christmas The Twelve Days of Christmas, also known as Twelvetide, is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus. In most Western",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13185055",
"chunk_text": "\"Christianity and Paganism\"\nfire festival or Litha was a tradition for many pagans. This pagan holiday was basically brought in and given a name change, and in Christianity was then associated with the nativity of John the Baptist, which now is observed on the same day, June 24, in the Catholic, Orthodox and some Protestant churches. It is six months before Christmas because Luke 1:26 and Luke 1.36 imply that John the Baptist was born six months earlier than Jesus, although the Bible does not say at which time of the year this happened. Christianity originated in the Roman province of Judaea, a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9815217",
"chunk_text": "\"Advent Sunday\"\nlast Thursday of November; it can also be computed as the Sunday before the first Thursday of December. Advent Sunday Advent Sunday, also called the First Sunday of Advent or First Advent Sunday, among the Western Christian Churches, is the first day of the liturgical year and the start of the season of Advent. In Lutheran, Anglican, and Methodist churches the celebrant wears violet-coloured or blue vestments on this day, and the first violet or blue Advent candle is lit in the worship service. In the Church of Sweden, a Lutheran former national Church, the Liturgical colour is specifically white:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "52458",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nhis universal history. This conclusion was based on solar symbolism, with March 25 the date of the equinox. As this implies a birth in December, it is sometimes claimed to be the earliest identification of December 25 as the nativity. However, Africanus was not such an influential writer that it is likely he determined the date of Christmas. The tractate \"\"De solstitia et aequinoctia conceptionis et nativitatis Domini nostri Iesu Christi et Iohannis Baptistae,\"\" falsely attributed to John Chrysostom, also argued that Jesus was conceived and crucified on the same day of the year and calculated this as March 25.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1488949",
"chunk_text": "Advent\nnow called Advent first began – it was certainly in existence from about 480 – and the novelty introduced by the Council of Tours of 567 was to order monks to fast every day in the month of December until Christmas. It is \"\"impossible to claim with confidence a credible explanation of the origin of Advent\"\". Associated with Advent was a period of fasting, known also as the Nativity Fast or the Fast of December. According to Saint Gregory of Tours the celebration of Advent began in the fifth century when the Bishop Perpetuus directed that starting with the feast",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12495028",
"chunk_text": "Christmas\nConstantinople, Antioch, Alexandria, Albania, Cyprus, Finland, and the Orthodox Church in America, among others, began using the Revised Julian calendar in the early 20th century, which at present corresponds exactly to the Gregorian calendar. Therefore, these Orthodox Christians mark December 25 (and thus Christmas) on the same day that is internationally considered to be December 25, and which is also the date of Christmas among Western Christians. A further complication is added by the fact that the Armenian Apostolic Church continues the original ancient Eastern Christian practice of celebrating the birth of Christ not as a separate holiday, but on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8367612",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nwhite and gold. First introduced by North American Lutherans in 1957, the practice has rapidly spread to other Christian denominations, including Anglicans, Catholics, Methodists, and the Reformed. \"\"Chrismon\"\" (plural \"\"Chrismons\"\") was adopted for the type of Christmas decoration and explained as a portmanteau of \"\"Christ-monogram\"\" (a Christogram). Both setting up and taking down a Christmas tree are associated with specific dates. Traditionally, Christmas trees were not brought in and decorated until Christmas Eve (24 December) or, in the traditions celebrating Christmas Eve rather than the first day of Christmas, 23 December, and then removed the day after Twelfth Night (5",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20760191",
"chunk_text": "\"Nativity of Jesus\"\nwas sanctified at the moment of birth so that his generation was without blemish; as generation has been blemishless before the fall of Adam. In the 1st and 2nd centuries, the Lord's Day (Sunday) was the earliest Christian celebration and included a number of theological themes. In the 2nd century, the Resurrection of Jesus became a separate feast as Easter and in the same century Epiphany began to be celebrated in the Churches of the East on January 6. The celebration of the feast of the Magi on January 6 may relate to a pre-Christian celebration for the blessing of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13523201",
"chunk_text": "Christingle\nChristingle A Christingle is a symbolic object used in the Advent, Christmas and Epiphany services of many Christian denominations. , a word of German origin, means 'Christ Child' and is used to celebrate Jesus Christ as the \"\"Light of the World\"\". The authentic origins of the Christingle can be found on the website of the Moravian Church in the British Province. The history of the Christingle can be traced back to Bishop Johannes de Watteville, who started the tradition in Germany in 1747. At that time it was just a red ruff wrapped around a candle. It was popularized in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18995658",
"chunk_text": "\"Christmas in Sweden\"\ncelebration. Moreover, there is the Christian Christmas celebration in memory of the birth of Jesus Christ. The earliest records of these celebrations are from year 333. Eight hundred years later this is merged with the Old Norse Christmas celebration. In the Old Norse sources the pagan celebration of Jul in the Nordic countries is often described as \"\"to drink jul/yule\"\". The central aspect of the pagan Germanic celebration of midwinter was to eat and drink well. To bake and to produce ale and mead were important preparations for the celebration. In medieval wooden calendars and pre-Christian picture stones, this celebration",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_957
|
where did the beer hall putsch take place?
|
n/a
|
[
"Munich, Bavaria"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "13798968",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nBeer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, and, in German, as the Hitlerputsch, Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch, Bürgerbräu-Putsch or Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle (\"\"March on the general's hall\"\"), was a failed coup d'état by the Nazi Party (NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler—along with \"\"Generalquartiermeister\"\" Erich Ludendorff and other \"\"Kampfbund\"\" leaders—to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923. Approximately two thousand Nazis were marching to the Feldherrnhalle, in the city center, when they were confronted by a police cordon, which resulted in the death of 16 Nazis and four police officers. Hitler, who was wounded during the",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "13799004",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\n(Scheubner-Richter's servant), Gottfried Feder, Theodor von der Pfordten, Wilhelm Kolb, Rolf Reiner, Hans Streck, and Heinrich Bennecke, Brückner's adjutant. Behind this row marched the \"\"Stoßtrupp-Hitler\"\", the SA, the Infantry School, and the \"\"Oberländer\"\". Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, and, in German, as the Hitlerputsch, Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch, Bürgerbräu-Putsch or Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle (\"\"March on the general's hall\"\"), was a failed coup d'état by the Nazi Party (NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler—along with \"\"Generalquartiermeister\"\" Erich Ludendorff and other \"\"Kampfbund\"\" leaders—to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, on 8–9 November 1923. Approximately two thousand Nazis were marching",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13798999",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\n1933. Annually until the fall of Nazi Germany, the putsch would be commemorated nationwide, with the major events taking place in Munich. On the night of 8 November, Hitler would address the \"\"Alte Kämpfer\"\" (Old Fighters) in the Bürgerbräukeller (after 1939, the Löwenbräu, in 1944, the Circus Krone Building), followed the next day by a re-enactment of the march through the streets of Munich. The event would climax with a ceremony recalling the 16 dead marchers on the Königsplatz. The anniversary could be a time of tension in Nazi Germany. The ceremony was cancelled in 1934, coming as it did",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
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"chunk_id": "2090365",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nmaking a speech in front of 3,000 people. In the cold, dark evening, 603 SA surrounded the beer hall and a machine gun was set up in the auditorium. Hitler, surrounded by his associates Hermann Göring, Alfred Rosenberg, Rudolf Hess, Ernst Hanfstaengl, Ulrich Graf, Johann Aigner, Adolf Lenk, Max Amann, Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, Wilhelm Adam, and others (some 20 in all), advanced through the crowded auditorium. Unable to be heard above the crowd, Hitler fired a shot into the ceiling and jumped on a chair yelling: \"\"The national revolution has broken out! The hall is filled with six hundred",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2090363",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nmass meetings beginning on 27 September 1923. Afraid of the potential disruption, one of Kahr's first actions was to ban the announced meetings. Hitler was under pressure to act. The Nazis, with other leaders in the \"\"Kampfbund\"\", felt they had to march upon Berlin and seize power or their followers would turn to the Communists. Hitler enlisted the help of World War I general Erich Ludendorff in an attempt to gain the support of Kahr and his triumvirate. However, Kahr had his own plan with Seisser and Lossow to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. The attempted putsch was inspired",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5821353",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nto deal with a crisis elsewhere. Around 10:30 p.m., Ludendorff released Kahr and his associates. The night was marked by confusion and unrest among government officials, armed forces, police units, and individuals deciding where their loyalties lay. Units of the Kampfbund were scurrying around to arm themselves from secret caches, and seizing buildings. At around 3 am, the first casualties of the putsch occurred when the local garrison of the Reichswehr spotted Röhm's men coming out of the beer hall. They were ambushed while trying to reach the Reichswehr barracks by soldiers and state police; shots were fired, but there",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5821345",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nby Benito Mussolini's successful March on Rome, from 22 to 29 October 1922. Hitler and his associates planned to use Munich as a base for a march against Germany's Weimar Republic government. But the circumstances were different from those in Italy. Hitler came to the realization that Kahr sought to control him and was not ready to act against the government in Berlin. Hitler wanted to seize a critical moment for successful popular agitation and support. He decided to take matters into his own hands. Hitler, along with a large detachment of SA, marched on the Bürgerbräukeller, where Kahr was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2090373",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nlike his commanding officer, Generalleutnant Otto von Lossow, \"\"a sorry figure of a man\"\". He was determined to put down the putsch with or without Lossow. Danner set up a command post at the 19th Infantry Regiment barracks and alerted all military units. Meanwhile, Captain Karl Wild, learning of the putsch from marchers, mobilized his command to guard Kahr's government building, the \"\"Commissariat\"\", with orders to shoot. Around 11 p.m., Major-General von Danner, along with fellow generals Adolf Ritter von Ruith and Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, compelled Lossow to repudiate the putsch. There was one member of the cabinet",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4329684",
"chunk_text": "\"Otto von Lossow\"\nOtto von Lossow General Otto Hermann von Lossow (15 January 1868 – 25 November 1938) was a Bavarian Army and then German Army officer who played a prominent role in the events surrounding the attempted Beer Hall Putsch by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in November 1923. Lossow was born in Hof in the Kingdom of Bavaria. He entered the Bavarian Army in 1888. He served in a variety of assignments, and was trained as a general staff officer. He served with the German contingent of the relief expedition during the Boxer Rebellion. Immediately prior to World War I,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2090375",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nto the government. The action of these few men spelled doom for those attempting the putsch. On Wednesday, 3,000 students from the University of Munich rioted and marched to the \"\"Feldherrnhalle\"\" to lay wreaths. They continued to riot until Friday, when they learned of Hitler's arrest. Kahr and Lossow were called Judases and traitors. Two days after the putsch, Hitler was arrested and charged with high treason in the special People's Court. Some of his fellow conspirators, including Rudolf Hess, were also arrested, while others, including Hermann Göring and Ernst Hanfstaengl, escaped to Austria. The Nazi Party's headquarters was raided,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11357609",
"chunk_text": "Kampfbund\nthe split between Bavaria and the central government. The impetus of this consolidation was the ending of the clandestine Ruhr war by the Berlin central government which infuriated the freebooters and nationalists. The \"\"Kampfbund\"\" conducted the Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923 in Munich, Germany. By this time, the German Workers' Party (DAP) had changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). It had grown from a fringe sect to Bavaria's most powerful political force of 70,000 members. By 1923, the SA was the Nazi Party's private army with about 15,000 members. A subgroup of the NSDAP",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5821351",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nus is neither self-conceit or self-interest, but only a burning desire to join the battle in this grave eleventh hour for our German Fatherland ... One last thing I can tell you. Either the German revolution begins tonight or we will all be dead by dawn! Hitler returned to the anteroom, where the triumvirs remained, to ear-shattering acclaim, which the triumvirs could not have failed to notice. On his way back, Hitler ordered Göring and Hess to take Eugen von Knilling and seven other members of the Bavarian government into custody. During Hitler's speech, Pöhner, Weber, and Kriebel had been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2090369",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nHitler realized that the putsch was going nowhere. The Putschists did not know what to do and were about to give up. At this moment, Ludendorff cried out, \"\"Wir marschieren!\"\" (We will march!). Röhm's force together with Hitler's (a total of approximately 2000 men) marched out—but with no specific plan of where to go. On the spur of the moment, Ludendorff led them to the Bavarian Defence Ministry. However, at the \"\"Odeonsplatz\"\" in front of the \"\"Feldherrnhalle\"\", they met a force of 130 soldiers blocking the way under the command of State Police Senior Lieutenant Baron Michael von Godin. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1160809",
"chunk_text": "\"Bürgerbräukeller\"\nBürgerbräukeller The Bürgerbräukeller was a large beer hall in Munich, Germany. Opened in 1885, it was one of the largest beer halls of the Bürgerliches Brauhaus. After Bürgerliches merged with Löwenbräu in 1921, the hall was transferred to that company. The Bürgerbräukeller was where Adolf Hitler launched the Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923, and in 1939 saw an attempted assassination of Hitler and other Nazi leaders by Georg Elser. It survived aerial bombing in World War II. The Bürgerbräukeller was demolished in 1979, the Gasteig complex being built on its site. The Bürgerbräukeller was located in the Haidhausen district",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2721801",
"chunk_text": "\"Julius Schaub\"\nterms of the Treaty of Versailles, antisemitism, and anti-Bolshevism, driven by Adolf Hitler and his world view. After getting involved with the Nazi Party, Schaub lost his job at the Munich Central Supply Office. Upon hearing the news, Hitler hired him as his personal aide-de-camp. Thereafter, Schaub looked after his confidential papers, carried money for Hitler's use and provided both secretary and security duties. In 1923, the Nazis felt strong enough to try to seize power in Munich. They decided to march on the city, inspired by Benito Mussolini's successful march on Rome. Known as the Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2563806",
"chunk_text": "\"Coup d'état\"\nto gaining a sudden advantage on a rival. Since an unsuccessful \"\"coup d'état\"\" in 1920 (the Kapp Putsch), the Swiss-German word \"\"Putsch\"\" (pronounced , coined for the Züriputsch of 6 September 1839, in Zurich), also denotes the politico-military actions of an unsuccessful minority reactionary coup. Other recent and notable unsuccessful minority reactionary coups that are often referred to as \"\"Putsches\"\" are the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch and Küstrin Putsch, 1961 Algiers Putsch and the 1991 August Putsch. \"\"Putsch\"\" was used as disinformation by Hitler and his Nazi supporters to falsely claim that he had to suppress a reactionary coup during",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5821360",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nwho was not at the Bürgerbräukeller: Franz Matt, the vice-premier and minister of education and culture. A staunchly conservative Roman Catholic, he was having dinner with the Archbishop of Munich, Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber and with the Nuncio to Bavaria, Archbishop Eugenio Pacelli (who would later become Pope Pius XII), when he learned of the putsch. He immediately telephoned Kahr. When he found the man vacillating and unsure, Matt decisively began plans to set up a rump government-in-exile in Regensburg and composed a proclamation calling upon all police officers, members of the armed forces, and civil servants to remain loyal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19263622",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nafter the so-called Night of the Long Knives. In 1938, it coincided with the \"\"Kristallnacht\"\", and in 1939 with the attempted assassination of Hitler by Johann Georg Elser. With the outbreak of war in 1939, security concerns caused the re-enactment of the march to be suspended, never to be resumed. However, Hitler continued to deliver his 8 November speech through 1943. In 1944, Hitler skipped the event and Heinrich Himmler spoke in his place. As the war went on, residents of Munich came increasingly to dread the approach of the anniversary, concerned that the presence of the top Nazi leaders",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2090358",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nclash, escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with treason. The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation and generated front page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicized and gave him a platform to publicize his nationalist sentiment to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in Landsberg Prison, where he dictated \"\"Mein Kampf\"\" to his fellow prisoners Emil Maurice and Rudolf Hess. On 20 December",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14310427",
"chunk_text": "\"Bürgerbräukeller\"\nwas one of the main gathering places of the Nazi party. There, on 8 November 1923, Adolf Hitler launched the Beer Hall Putsch. After Hitler seized power in 1933, he commemorated each anniversary on the night of 8 November with an address to the \"\"Alte Kämpfer\"\" (Old Campaigners) in the great hall of the Bürgerbräukeller. The following day, a re-enactment was conducted of the march through the streets of Munich from the Bürgerbräukeller to Königsplatz. The event climaxed with a ceremony at the Feldherrnhalle to revere the 16 'blood martyrs' of the Beer Hall Putsch. In 1939, a time bomb",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14310432",
"chunk_text": "\"Bürgerbräukeller\"\nconcealed Georg Elser's bomb in his attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. Bürgerbräukeller The Bürgerbräukeller was a large beer hall in Munich, Germany. Opened in 1885, it was one of the largest beer halls of the Bürgerliches Brauhaus. After Bürgerliches merged with Löwenbräu in 1921, the hall was transferred to that company. The Bürgerbräukeller was where Adolf Hitler launched the Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923, and in 1939 saw an attempted assassination of Hitler and other Nazi leaders by Georg Elser. It survived aerial bombing in World War II. The Bürgerbräukeller was demolished in 1979, the Gasteig complex being built",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19263623",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nin their city would act as a magnet for Allied bombers. Every Gau (administrative region of Germany) was also expected to hold a small remembrance ceremony. As material given to propagandists said, the 16 fallen were the first losses and the ceremony was an occasion to commemorate everyone who had died for the movement. On 9 November 1935, the dead were taken from their graves and to the Feldherrnhalle. The SA and SS carried them down to the Königplatz, where two Ehrentempel (Honour Temples) had been constructed. In each of the structures eight of the martyrs were interred in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5821358",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nhis book, and which Shirer did not have access to) nullifies Shirer's statement. State Police and Police units were first notified of trouble by three police detectives stationed at the Löwenbräukeller. These reports reached Major Sigmund von Imhoff of the State police. He immediately called all his green police units and had them seize the central telegraph office and the telephone exchange, although his most important act was to notify Major-General Jakob von Danner, the Reichswehr city commandant of Munich. As a staunch aristocrat, Danner loathed the \"\"little corporal\"\" and those \"\"\"\"Freikorps\"\" bands of rowdies\"\". He also did not much",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13798978",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nmen. Nobody is allowed to leave.\"\" He went on to state the Bavarian government was deposed and declared the formation of a new government with Ludendorff. Hitler, accompanied by Hess, Lenk and Graf, ordered the triumvirate of Kahr, Seisser, and Lossow into an adjoining room at gunpoint and demanded they support the putsch. Hitler demanded they accept government positions he assigned them. Hitler had promised Lossow a few days earlier that he would not attempt a coup, but now thought that he would get an immediate response of affirmation from them, imploring Kahr to accept the position of Regent of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13798970",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\n1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Hitler now saw that the path to power was through legal means rather than revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing Nazi propaganda. In the early 20th century, many of the larger cities of southern Germany had beer halls where hundreds or even thousands of people would socialize in the evenings, drink beer and participate in political and social debates. Such beer halls also became the host of occasional political rallies. One of Munich's largest beer halls was the Bürgerbräukeller. This was the location of the famous Beer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7408239",
"chunk_text": "\"Adolf Hitler\"\nsupporting elites [and had] profound disdain for civil order, for human and moral values\"\" and for the ideas of classical liberalism as well as those of Marxism. In 1923 Hitler enlisted the help of World War I General Erich Ludendorff for an attempted coup known as the \"\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\". The NSDAP used Italian Fascism as a model for their appearance and policies. Hitler wanted to emulate Benito Mussolini's \"\"March on Rome\"\" of 1922 by staging his own coup in Bavaria, to be followed by a challenge to the government in Berlin. Hitler and Ludendorff sought the support of \"\"Staatskommissar\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15816986",
"chunk_text": "\"Hans Ritter von Seisser\"\nalso the Nazi (NSDAP) group, led by Adolf Hitler. Hitler decided to try to seize power in what was later known as the \"\"Hitler Putsch\"\" or Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler and Ludendorff sought the support of the \"\"triumvirate\"\". However, Kahr, Seisser and Lossow had their own plan to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. Hitler was determined to act before the appeal of his agitation waned. So on November 8, 1923, Hitler and the SA stormed a public meeting of 3,000 people which had been organized by Kahr in the Bürgerbräukeller, a large beer hall in Munich. Hitler interrupted Kahr's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14107911",
"chunk_text": "\"Goebbels Diaries\"\ntook an interest in Adolf Hitler and Nazism in March 1924. In February 1924, Hitler's trial for treason had begun in the wake of his failed attempt to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, during 8–9 November 1923 (this failed coup became known as the Beer Hall Putsch). The trial garnered Hitler much press and gave him a platform for propaganda. After Goebbels first met Hitler in July 1925, however, the Nazi leader increasingly became the central figure in the diary. By July 1926 Goebbels was so enraptured by Hitler speaking on \"\"racial issues\"\", that he wrote: \"\"It is impossible to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13799003",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nfollowed by Adolf Lenk and Kurt Neubauer, Ludendorff's servant. Behind those two came more flag bearers, then the leadership in two rows. Hitler was in the centre, slouch hat in hand, the collar of his trenchcoat turned up against the cold. To his left, in civilian clothes, a green felt hat, and a loose loden coat, was Ludendorff. To Hitler's right was Scheubner-Richter. To his right came Alfred Rosenberg. On either side of these men were Ulrich Graf, Hermann Kriebel, Friedrich Weber, Julius Streicher, Hermann Göring, and Wilhelm Brückner. Behind these came the second string of Heinz Pernet, Johann Aigner",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2090360",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nHall Putsch. The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, sounded the death knell of German power and prestige. Like many Germans of the period, Hitler (who still held Austrian citizenship at the time) believed that the treaty was a betrayal, with the country having been \"\"stabbed in the back\"\" by its own government, particularly as the German Army was popularly thought to have been undefeated in the field. Germany, it was felt, had been betrayed by civilian leaders and Marxists, who were later called the \"\"November Criminals\"\". Hitler remained in the army, in Munich, after World War I.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7154901",
"chunk_text": "\"German Revolution of 1918–19\"\nnow known as the Beer Hall Putsch, the Nazis took control of parts of Munich, arrested the president of Bavaria, the chief of police, and others and forced them to sign an agreement in which they endorsed the Nazi takeover and its objective to overthrow the German government. The putsch came to an end when the German army and police were called in to put it down, resulting in an armed confrontation in which a number of Nazis and some police were killed. The Weimar Republic was always under great pressure from both left-wing and right-wing extremists. The left-wing extremists",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17340069",
"chunk_text": "\"Political views of Adolf Hitler\"\nWar I General Erich Ludendorff to try to seize power in Munich (the capital of Bavaria) in an attempt later known as the \"\"Beer Hall \"\"Putsch\"\"\"\" of 8–9 November 1923. This would be a step in the seizure of power nationwide, overthrowing the Weimar Republic in Berlin. On 8 November, Hitler's forces initially succeeded in occupying the local Reichswehr and police headquarters; however, neither the army nor the state police joined forces with him. The next day, Hitler and his followers marched from the beer hall to the Bavarian War Ministry to overthrow the Bavarian government on their \"\"March on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11067117",
"chunk_text": "\"Helmuth Raithel\"\ntraffic accident. Born Helmuth Hans Walter Paul Raithel in Ingolstadt, Kingdom of Bavaria, a federated state of the German Empire, on 9 April 1907, he was the second son of a Bavarian Army officer. Raithel attended primary school then the \"\"Wittelsbacher-Gymnasium München\"\" (secondary school) until 1926. On 9 November 1923 at the age of 16, Raithel was walking his bicycle in Munich when he stumbled across the Beer Hall Putsch being led by Adolf Hitler. Swept up in the excitement, he fell in with a group led by \"\"Freikorps\"\" veteran Gerhard Roßbach. After shots were fired, he took cover with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2090370",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\ntwo groups exchanged fire, killing four state police officers and 16 Nazis. This was the origin of the \"\"Blutfahne\"\" (blood-flag), which became stained with the blood of two SA members who were shot: the flagbearer Heinrich Trambauer, who was badly wounded, and Andreas Bauriedl, who fell dead onto the fallen flag. A bullet killed Scheubner-Richter. Göring was shot in the leg, but escaped. The rest of the Nazis scattered or were arrested. Hitler was arrested two days later. In a description of Ludendorff's funeral at the Feldherrnhalle in 1937 (which Hitler attended but without speaking) William L. Shirer wrote: \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17102939",
"chunk_text": "Feldherrnhalle\nFeldherrnhalle The Feldherrnhalle (Field Marshals' Hall) is a monumental loggia on the Odeonsplatz in Munich, Germany. Modeled after the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence, it was commissioned in 1841 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria to honor the tradition of his army. In 1923, it was the site of the brief battle that ended Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch. During the Nazi era, it served as a monument commemorating the death of 16 members of the Nazi party. The Feldherrnhalle was built between 1841 and 1844 at the southern end of Munich's Ludwigstrasse next to the Palais Preysing and east of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5821348",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nBavaria. Kahr replied that he could not be expected to collaborate, especially as he had been taken out of the auditorium under heavy guard. Heinz Pernet, Johann Aigne and Scheubner-Richter were dispatched to pick up Ludendorff, whose personal prestige was being harnessed to give the Nazis credibility. A telephone call was made from the kitchen by Hermann Kriebel to Ernst Röhm, who was waiting with his \"\"Bund Reichskriegsflagge\"\" in the \"\"Löwenbräukeller\"\", another beer hall, and he was ordered to seize key buildings throughout the city. At the same time, co-conspirators under Gerhard Rossbach mobilized the students of a nearby Officers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2090361",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nHe participated in various \"\"national thinking\"\" courses. These had been organized by the Education and Propaganda Department of the Bavarian Army, under Captain Karl Mayr, of which Hitler became an agent. Captain Mayr ordered Hitler, then an army lance corporal, to infiltrate the tiny \"\"Deutsche Arbeiterpartei\"\", abbreviated DAP (German Workers' Party). Hitler joined the DAP on 12 September 1919. He soon realized that he was in agreement with many of the underlying tenets of the DAP, and he rose to its top post in the ensuing chaotic political atmosphere of postwar Munich. By agreement, Hitler assumed the political leadership of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11488703",
"chunk_text": "\"Jakob Ritter von Danner\"\nJakob Ritter von Danner Jakob Ritter von Danner (7 August 1865 – 28 December 1942) was a Bavarian general in the Imperial German Army and the Reichswehr. As commandant of the Munich garrison of the \"\"Reichswehr\"\", he was a central figure in putting down the attempted Beer Hall Putsch by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis in 1923. Born Jakob Danner, he was commissioned a lieutenant in the Royal Bavarian Army on 7 July 1886. He was promoted to \"\"Oberleutnant\"\" (1st lieutenant) on 6 November 1894 and captain on 28 October 1901. He served in the German expeditionary forces sent to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5821343",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\na number of Bavarian \"\"patriotic associations\"\" (revanchist), called the \"\"Kampfbund\"\". This political base extended to include about 15,000 Sturmabteilung (SA, lit. \"\"Storm Detachment\"\"), the paramilitary wing of the NSDAP. On 26 September 1923, following a period of turmoil and political violence, Bavarian Prime Minister Eugen von Knilling declared a state of emergency, and Gustav von Kahr was appointed \"\"Staatskomissar\"\", or state commissioner, with dictatorial powers to govern the state. In addition to von Kahr, Bavarian state police chief Colonel Hans Ritter von Seisser and Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow formed a ruling triumvirate. Hitler announced that he would hold 14",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5499238",
"chunk_text": "\"Erhard Heiden\"\nsmall personal bodyguard unit for Adolf Hitler named \"\"Stoßtrupp-Hitler\"\" (\"\"Shock Troop-Hitler\"\"). That same year, Hitler felt strong enough to try to seize power in Munich. Inspired by Benito Mussolini's \"\"March on Rome\"\" the previous year, the Nazis aimed to first establish power in Munich and then challenge the government in Berlin. On 9 November 1923 the \"\"Stoßtrupp\"\", along with the SA and several other paramilitary units, took part in the abortive coup d'état, resulting in the death of sixteen Nazi supporters and four police officers, an event known as the Beer Hall Putsch. After the putsch, Hitler and other Nazi",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2090382",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nmust do everything by the book, \"\"strictly legal\"\". The process of \"\"combination\"\", where the conservative-nationalist-monarchist group thought that its members could piggyback onto, and control, the National Socialist movement to garner the seats of power, was to repeat itself ten years later in 1933 when Franz von Papen would legally ask Hitler to form a coalition government. Scheubner-Richter was walking arm-in-arm with Hitler during the putsch; he was shot in the lungs and died instantly. He brought Hitler down and dislocated Hitler's shoulder when he fell. He was the only first-tier Nazi leader to die during the Putsch. Of all",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16855077",
"chunk_text": "\"Georg Elser\"\nand satisfy himself the clock mechanism was correctly set The next morning he departed Munich by train for Friedrichshafen via Ulm. After a shave at a hairdresser, he took the 6:30 p.m. steamer to Konstanz. The high-ranking Nazis who accompanied Adolf Hitler to the anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch on 8 November 1939 were Joseph Goebbels, Reinhard Heydrich, Rudolf Hess, Robert Ley, Alfred Rosenberg, Julius Streicher, August Frank, Hermann Esser and Heinrich Himmler. Hitler was welcomed to the platform by Christian Weber. Unbeknownst to Elser, Hitler had initially cancelled his speech at the Bürgerbräukeller to devote his attention to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8850089",
"chunk_text": "\"Gustav Ritter von Kahr\"\nGustav Ritter von Kahr Gustav Ritter von Kahr (Born Gustav Kahr; 29 November 1862 – 30 June 1934) was a German right-wing politician, active in the state of Bavaria. He helped turn post World War I Bavaria into Germany's center of radical-nationalism, but was then instrumental in the collapse and suppression of Adolf Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. In revenge for the latter, he was murdered later in the 1934 Night of the Long Knives. Born in Weißenburg in Bayern, Kahr studied law and worked as a lawyer before entering politics. He served Bavaria's House of Wittelsbach faithfully, efforts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1787607",
"chunk_text": "\"Joseph Berchtold\"\nformation of a small separate bodyguard dedicated to his protection only instead of a suspected mass of the party in 1923. Originally the unit was composed of only eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Berchtold. It was initially designated the \"\"Stabswache\"\" (\"\"Staff Guard\"\"). Later that year, the unit was renamed \"\"Stoßtrupp-Hitler\"\" (\"\"Shock Troop-Hitler\"\"). On 9 November 1923 the \"\"Stoßtrupp\"\", along with the SA and several other paramilitary units, took part in what would become known as the Beer Hall Putsch. The plan was to take control of Munich and then seize total power in Berlin. The coup d'état failed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15660729",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Munich\"\nexecuted by the victorious Freikorps troops. After the Räterepublik had been brutally put down and the republican government had been restored, Munich subsequently became a hotbed of right-wing politics, among which Adolf Hitler and the Nazis rose to prominence. In 1923 Hitler and his supporters, who at that time were concentrated in Munich, staged the Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party, which was virtually unknown outside Munich. At the end of the Residentzstrasse, where the putsch resulted in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18990067",
"chunk_text": "\"Julius Streicher\"\nthe newspaper: [\"\"Der Stürmer\"\"] rapidly established itself as the place where screaming headlines introduced the most rabid attacks on Jews, full of sexual innuendo, racist caricatures, made-up accusations of ritual murder and titillating, semi-pornographic stories of Jewish men seducing innocent German girls. In November 1923, Streicher participated in Hitler’s first effort to seize power, the failed Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. Streicher marched with Hitler in the front row of the would-be revolutionaries. As a result of his participation in the attempted Putsch, Streicher was suspended from teaching school. His loyalty to the cause earned him Hitler's lifelong trust and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5821354",
"chunk_text": "\"Beer Hall Putsch\"\nwere no fatalities on either side. Encountering heavy resistance, Röhm and his men were forced to fall back. In the meantime, the Reichswehr officers put the whole garrison on alert and called for reinforcements. Foreign attachés were seized in their hotel rooms and put under house arrest. In the early morning, Hitler ordered the seizure of the Munich city council as hostages. He further sent the communications officer of the \"\"Kampfbund\"\", Max Neunzert, to enlist the aid of Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria to mediate between Kahr and the putschists. Neunzert failed in the mission. By midmorning on 9 November,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10526479",
"chunk_text": "\"Kapp Putsch\"\nKapp Putsch The Kapp Putsch, also known as the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch after its leaders Wolfgang Kapp and Walther von Lüttwitz, was an attempted coup on 13 March 1920 which aimed to undo the German Revolution of 1918–1919, overthrow the Weimar Republic and establish a right-wing autocratic government in its place. It was supported by parts of the \"\"Reichswehr\"\" (military) and other conservative, nationalist and monarchist factions. The coup took place in the capital, Berlin, and the legitimate German government was forced to flee the city. The coup failed after a few days, when large sections of the German population followed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14310428",
"chunk_text": "\"Bürgerbräukeller\"\nconcealed inside a pillar in the Bürgerbräukeller was set to go off during Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch address on 8 November. The bomb exploded, killing eight people and injuring 57, but Hitler had cut short his speech and had already left. An Anarchist, Georg Elser, was arrested, imprisoned for 5 ½ years, and executed shortly before the end of the war. The building suffered severe structural damage from Elser's bomb, and in subsequent years, 1940-1943, the Beer Hall Putsch address was held at the Löwenbräukeller at Stiglmaierplatz, and in 1944 at the Circus Krone Building. After the attempted assassination of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20596835",
"chunk_text": "\"Adolf Hitler's rise to power\"\nwhich in May 1923 was renamed the \"\"Stoßtrupp-Hitler\"\" (Shock Troop-Hitler). This early incarnation of a bodyguard unit for Hitler would later become the \"\"Schutzstaffel\"\" (SS). Inspired by Benito Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922, Hitler decided that a \"\"coup d'état\"\" was the proper strategy to seize control of the country. In May 1923, elements loyal to Hitler within the army helped the SA to procure a barracks and its weaponry, but the order to march never came. A pivotal moment came when Hitler led the Beer Hall Putsch, an attempted \"\"coup d'état\"\" on 8–9 November 1923. Sixteen NSDAP members and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_958
|
who said beware of the ides of march?
|
n/a
|
[
"the soothsayer",
"a seer",
"a haruspex named Spurinna"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6857523",
"chunk_text": "\"Ides of March\"\nIdes of March The Ides of March (; , Late Latin: ) is a day on the Roman calendar that corresponds to 15 March. It was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the Romans as a deadline for settling debts. In 44 BC, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar which made the Ides of March a turning point in Roman history. The Romans did not number days of a month from the first to the last day. Instead, they counted back from three fixed points of the month: the Nones (5th",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6857530",
"chunk_text": "\"Ides of March\"\nWilliam Shakespeare's play \"\"Julius Caesar\"\", when Caesar is warned by the soothsayer to \"\"beware the Ides of March.\"\" The Roman biographer Suetonius identifies the \"\"seer\"\" as a haruspex named Spurinna. Caesar's death was a closing event in the crisis of the Roman Republic, and triggered the civil war that would result in the rise to sole power of his adopted heir Octavian (later known as Augustus). Writing under Augustus, Ovid portrays the murder as a sacrilege, since Caesar was also the Pontifex Maximus of Rome and a priest of Vesta. On the fourth anniversary of Caesar's death in 40 BC,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ides of March\"\nwhich Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. Caesar was stabbed to death at a meeting of the Senate. As many as 60 conspirators, led by Brutus and Cassius, were involved. According to Plutarch, a seer had warned that harm would come to Caesar no later than the Ides of March. On his way to the Theatre of Pompey, where he would be assassinated, Caesar passed the seer and joked, \"\"The Ides of March are come\"\", implying that the prophecy had not been fulfilled, to which the seer replied \"\"Aye, Caesar; but not gone.\"\" This meeting is famously dramatised in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ides of March\"\nafter achieving a victory at the siege of Perugia, Octavian executed 300 senators and knights who had fought against him under Lucius Antonius, the brother of Mark Antony. The executions were one of a series of actions taken by Octavian to avenge Caesar's death. Suetonius and the historian Cassius Dio characterised the slaughter as a religious sacrifice, noting that it occurred on the Ides of March at the new altar to the deified Julius. Ides of March The Ides of March (; , Late Latin: ) is a day on the Roman calendar that corresponds to 15 March. It was",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (novel)\"\nby 44 BC, including M. Porcius Cato (in 46 BC), Catullus (in c. 54 BC), Julia (in 69 BC) and Clodius (in 52 BC). Note that names, relationships, and events are described as they occur in the novel, and are not necessarily historically accurate. The Ides of March (novel) The Ides of March is an epistolary novel by Thornton Wilder that was published in 1948. It is, in the author's words, 'a fantasia on certain events and persons of the last days of the Roman republic... Historical reconstruction is not among the primary aims of this work'. The novel deals",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (novel)\"\nThe Ides of March (novel) The Ides of March is an epistolary novel by Thornton Wilder that was published in 1948. It is, in the author's words, 'a fantasia on certain events and persons of the last days of the Roman republic... Historical reconstruction is not among the primary aims of this work'. The novel deals with the characters and events leading to, and culminating in, the assassination of Julius Caesar. American publisher Bennett Cerf remarked at that year's meeting of the American Booksellers Association that there had been \"\"only three novels published since the first of the year that",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (band)\"\nThe Ides of March (a name suggested by bassist Bob Bergland after reading Shakespeare's \"\"Julius Caesar\"\" in high school), the band released their first single on Parrot Records, \"\"You Wouldn't Listen.\"\" The song reached #7 on WLS Chicago in spring 1966 and #42 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in summer 1966. This record and its follow-ups (all pre-\"\"Vehicle\"\") have been re-released on the Sundazed Records CD \"\"Ideology.\"\" By the end of the 1960s, the band added a brass section, although Bergland often doubled up on tenor saxophone. Parrot singles: (** these are the only two tracks they recorded in stereo",
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"chunk_text": "Haruspex\nLemnian. The art of haruspicy was taught in the \"\"Libri Tagetici\"\", a collection of texts attributed to Tages, a childlike being who figures in Etruscan mythology, and who was discovered in an open field by Tarchon; the \"\"Libri Tagetici\"\" were translated into Latin and employed in reading omens. The continuity of the Etruscan tradition among the Romans is indicated by several ancient literary sources, perhaps most famously in the incident related by Suetonius in which a haruspex named Spurinna warned Julius Caesar to beware the Ides of March. The emperor Claudius was a student of the Etruscan language and antiquities,",
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"chunk_id": "1611465",
"chunk_text": "Philippicae\nPhilippicae The Philippicae or Philippics are a series of 14 speeches Cicero gave condemning Mark Antony in 44 and 43 BC. Cicero likened these speeches to those of Demosthenes' Philippic (Ad Atticus, 2.1.3), which Demosthenes had delivered against Philip of Macedon. Cicero's Second Philippic is in-fact styled after Demosthenes' \"\"De Corona\"\" ('On the Crown'). Cicero was taken by surprise when Gaius Julius Caesar, the effective dictator of the Roman Republic, was assassinated on the fifteenth day of March, 44 BC, (known as the Ides of March) by a group of Roman senators who called themselves Liberatores. Cicero was not included",
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"chunk_text": "\"Ides of March\"\n(\"\"The Tree enters\"\") commemorated the death of Attis under a pine tree. A college of priests, the \"\"dendrophoroi\"\" (\"\"tree bearers\"\") annually cut down a tree, hung from it an image of Attis, and carried it to the temple of the Magna Mater with lamentations. The day was formalized as part of the official Roman calendar under Claudius (d. 54 AD). A three-day period of mourning followed, culminating with celebrating the rebirth of Attis on 25 March, the date of the vernal equinox on the Julian calendar. In modern times, the Ides of March is best known as the date on",
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"chunk_id": "11531326",
"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (short story)\"\nThe Ides of March (short story) \"\"The Ides of March\"\" (also published as \"\"In the Chains of Crime\"\") is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and the first appearance of the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published in June 1898 by \"\"Cassell's Magazine\"\". The story was also included in the collection \"\"The Amateur Cracksman\"\", published by Methuen & Co. Ltd in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1899. \"\"Bunny\"\" Manders returns to the flat in the Albany where he just lost over two hundred",
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"chunk_id": "6857524",
"chunk_text": "\"Ides of March\"\nor 7th, depending on the length of the month), the Ides (13th or 15th), and the Kalends (1st of the following month). The Ides occurred near the midpoint, on the 13th for most months, but on the 15th for March, May, July, and October. The Ides were supposed to be determined by the full moon, reflecting the lunar origin of the Roman calendar. On the earliest calendar, the Ides of March would have been the first full moon of the new year. The Ides of each month were sacred to Jupiter, the Romans' supreme deity. The Flamen Dialis, Jupiter's high",
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"chunk_id": "11531332",
"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (short story)\"\nRaffles and Michael Cochrane as Bunny. The episode closely follows the plot of the original story, with some changes, including: The Ides of March (short story) \"\"The Ides of March\"\" (also published as \"\"In the Chains of Crime\"\") is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and the first appearance of the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published in June 1898 by \"\"Cassell's Magazine\"\". The story was also included in the collection \"\"The Amateur Cracksman\"\", published by Methuen & Co. Ltd in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "18085044",
"chunk_text": "\"Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes\"\nTimeo Danaos et dona ferentes \"\"Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes\"\" is a Latin phrase from \"\"Aeneid\"\" (II, 49), written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC. It has been paraphrased in English as the proverb \"\"Beware of Greeks bearing gifts\"\". Its literal meaning is \"\"I fear the Danaans [Greeks], even those bearing gifts\"\" or \"\"even when they bear gifts\"\". Most printed versions of the text have the variant \"\"ferentis\"\" instead of \"\"ferentes\"\". As related in the \"\"Aeneid\"\", after a nine-year war on the beaches of Troy between the Danaans (Greeks from the mainland) and the Trojans, the Greek seer Calchas",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (short story)\"\nby an iron curtain. The curtain will be noisy to remove. Raffles asks Bunny to return to the empty room above, and beat the floor to communicate when the street is clear. Bunny signals when a policeman and a watchman pass by outside. Later, Bunny returns to Raffles, who has pocketed some of the shop's valuables, some port, and cigars. They clean themselves in the shop's lavatory and leave. At the Albany, Raffles cajoles Bunny into promising to stand by Raffles for future crimes. When printed in \"\"Cassell's Magazine\"\", the story was renamed to \"\"In the Chains of Crime\"\". It",
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"chunk_id": "2288488",
"chunk_text": "\"Those Who Are About to Die Salute You\"\nby Dave Greenslade that were based on a Japanese soft scale. Tony Reeves compiled the sketches into the main theme and arranged the song. \"\"Beware the Ides of March\"\" borrows a theme of the fugue of \"\"Toccata and Fugue in D minor\"\" by Johann Sebastian Bach (Bach BWV 565). Colosseum also recorded \"\"I Can't Live Without You\"\", which appears on the 2004 re-release as a bonus track. Allmusic's retrospective review is laudatory, saying the album \"\"is a powerful one, unleashing each member's instrumental prowess at one point while consolidating each talent to form an explosive outpouring of progressive jazz/rock the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Julius Caesar\"\nin an unrivalled position of power and influence. After assuming control of government, Caesar began a programme of social and governmental reforms, including the creation of the Julian calendar. He gave citizenship to many residents of far regions of the Roman Empire. He initiated land reform and support for veterans. He centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed \"\"dictator in perpetuity\"\", giving him additional authority. His populist and authoritarian reforms angered the elites, who began to conspire against him. On the Ides of March (15 March) 44 BC Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators",
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"chunk_id": "4673520",
"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (novel)\"\nhistorical, such as Cleopatra's visit to Rome. Though the novel describes events leading up to Caesar's assassination on 15 March 44 BC a number of earlier events are described as if they were contemporary. Thus, the violation of the Bona Dea mysteries by Publius Clodius Pulcher, Caesar's subsequent divorce of his second wife Pompeia, and the circulation of two poems by Catullus suggesting that Caesar and his engineer, Mamurra, were lovers (and Catallus's subsequent apology) are transposed from December 62 BC to December 45 BC. In addition, many of the characters depicted as living in the novel were actually dead",
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"chunk_id": "12491823",
"chunk_text": "Cicero\nthe conspirators were sure of his sympathy. Marcus Junius Brutus called out Cicero's name, asking him to restore the republic when he lifted his bloodstained dagger after the assassination. A letter Cicero wrote in February 43 BC to Trebonius, one of the conspirators, began, \"\"How I could wish that you had invited me to that most glorious banquet on the Ides of March\"\"! Cicero became a popular leader during the period of instability following the assassination. He had no respect for Mark Antony, who was scheming to take revenge upon Caesar's murderers. In exchange for amnesty for the assassins, he",
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"chunk_id": "8474597",
"chunk_text": "\"Edmund Burke\"\noften attributed to Burke despite the debated origin of this quote. In 1770, however, it is known that in \"\"Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents\"\", Burke wrote that: John Stuart Mill later made a similar statement in an inaugural address delivered before the University of St. Andrews during 1867: Burke is sometimes credited with George Santayana's quote: \"\"Those who don't know history are doomed to repeat it\"\", but scholars have not found any reliable evidence indicating that Burke actually spoke (or wrote) those words. Edmund Burke Edmund Burke (; 12 January <nowiki>[</nowiki>NS<nowiki>]</nowiki> 17299 July 1797) was an Irish",
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"chunk_id": "10676187",
"chunk_text": "\"Ides of March\"\nold man dressed in animal skins and perhaps driving him from the city. The ritual may have been a new year festival representing the expulsion of the old year. In the later Imperial period, the Ides began a \"\"holy week\"\" of festivals celebrating Cybele and Attis, being the day \"\"Canna intrat\"\" (\"\"The Reed enters\"\"), when Attis was born and found among the reeds of a Phrygian river. He was discovered by shepherds or the goddess Cybele, who was also known as the \"\"Magna Mater\"\" (\"\"Great Mother\"\") (narratives differ). A week later, on 22 March, the solemn commemoration of \"\"Arbor intrat\"\"",
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"chunk_id": "3401791",
"chunk_text": "Month\nphysical mnemonic has been taught to primary school students for many decades. This cyclical pattern of month lengths matches the musical keyboard alternation of white and black keys (with the note 'F' correlating to the month of January). The ides occur on the thirteenth day in eight of the months, but in March, May, July, and October, they occur on the fifteenth. The nones always occur 8 days (one Roman week) before the ides, i.e., on the fifth or the seventh. The calends are always the first day of the month, and before Julius Caesar's reform fell sixteen days (two",
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"chunk_text": "\"Plaetoria (gens)\"\nwith the renowned Praenestine oracle. Plaetoria (gens) The gens Plaetoria was a plebeian family at Rome. A number of Plaetorii appear in history during the first and second centuries BC, but none of this gens ever obtained the consulship. Several Plaetorii issued denarii from the late 70s into the 40s, of which one of the best known alludes to the assassination of Caesar on the Ides of March, since one of the Plaetorii was a partisan of Pompeius during the Civil War. Chase classifies the nomen \"\"Plaetorius\"\" among those gentilicia which were either of Roman origin, or which at least",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (2011 film)\"\nThe Ides of March (2011 film) The Ides of March is a 2011 American political drama film directed by George Clooney from a screenplay written by Clooney, Grant Heslov, and Beau Willimon. The film is an adaptation of Willimon's 2008 play \"\"Farragut North\"\". It stars Ryan Gosling, George Clooney, Evan Rachel Wood, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Marisa Tomei, Paul Giamatti, and Jeffrey Wright. \"\"The Ides of March\"\" was featured as the opening film at the 68th Venice International Film Festival and at the 27th Haifa International Film Festival, and was shown at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival. It received a",
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"chunk_id": "38210",
"chunk_text": "\"Crisis of the Roman Republic\"\nnovel, \"\"The Ides of March\"\", focuses on the period c. 69 BC to 44 BC as the Crisis. Pollio and Ronald Syme date the Crisis only from the time of Julius Caesar in 60 BC. Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon river, the northern boundary of Roman Italy, with his army in 49 BC, a flagrant violation of Roman law, has become the clichéd point of no return for the Republic, as noted in many books, including Tom Holland's \"\"\"\". The end of the Crisis can likewise either be dated from the assassination of Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC,",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Twelve Caesars\"\npeople to his palace in the middle of the night. When they arrived, he would hide and make strange noises. At other times, he would have people assassinated, and then call for them. When they did not show up, he would remark that they must have committed suicide. Suetonius describes several omens that predicted the assassination of Caligula. He mentions a bolt of lightning that struck Rome on the ides of March, which was when Julius Caesar was assassinated. Lightning was an event of immense superstition in the ancient world. The day of the assassination, Caligula sacrificed a flamingo. During",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20201489",
"chunk_text": "\"Like sheep to the slaughter\"\nas having said, \"\"Be strong and let us be strengthened and let us die fighting and not die as sheep led to slaughter\"\". In a different context, the phrase was used by United States founder George Washington in 1783 to warn of the dangers of removing the right to freedom of speech: \"\"the freedom of speech may be taken away, and dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep, to the Slaughter\"\". The inversion of the phrase was revived by Jewish self-defense leagues in the Russian Empire in the wake of the 1903 Kishinev pogrom, although it remained rare",
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"chunk_id": "14578727",
"chunk_text": "\"Royal Proclamation Against Seditious Writings and Publications\"\nRoyal Proclamation Against Seditious Writings and Publications The Royal Proclamation Against Seditious Writings and Publications was issued by George III of Great Britain on 21 May 1792 in response to the growth of radicalism in Britain inspired by the French Revolution, in particular the phenomenal popularity of Thomas Paine's \"\"Rights of Man\"\". In April a group of Foxite Whig MPs formed the Society of the Friends of the People to agitate for parliamentary reform, which alarmed the British Prime Minister William Pitt. The draft of the Proclamation had been shown to Opposition leaders and incorporated their criticisms. Pitt had given",
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"chunk_id": "15851032",
"chunk_text": "Nostradamus\nNostradamus Michel de Nostredame (depending on the source, 14 or 21 December 1503 – 2 July 1566), usually Latinised as Nostradamus, was a French physician and reputed seer, who is best known for his book \"\"Les Propheties\"\", a collection of 942 poetic quatrains allegedly predicting future events. The book was first published in 1555 and has rarely been out of print since his death. Nostradamus's family was originally Jewish, but had converted to Catholicism before he was born. He studied at the University of Avignon, but was forced to leave after just over a year when the university closed due",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "108938",
"chunk_text": "\"Et tu, Brute?\"\nthese words in Act III, scene 1, as he is being stabbed to death, having recognized his friend and protégé Brutus as one of the assassins. There is however no evidence that the historic Caesar spoke these words. The name \"\"Brutus\"\", a second declension masculine noun, appears in the phrase in the vocative case, and so the \"\"-us\"\" ending of the nominative case is replaced by \"\"-e\"\". On March 15 (the Ides of March), 44 BCE, the historic Caesar was attacked by a group of senators, including Brutus, who was Caesar's friend and protégé. Caesar initially resisted his attackers, but",
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"chunk_id": "7797610",
"chunk_text": "\"National catapult contest\"\nfor this purpose, was held on March 15, 1966, the Ides of March, a nod to the assassination of Julius Caesar, on the grounds of Park School (Indianapolis, Indiana), and was covered by the Huntley-Brinkley Report on NBC News. Though that first attempt only resulted in the hurling of a 103-pound rock three feet, by 1977, the year of the final National Catapult Contest, teams had successfully built authentic Roman catapults that routinely hurled rocks as heavy as 50 and 75 pounds more than 200 yards. == The National Catapult Contest originated out of a simple directive from the Academic",
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "13875703",
"chunk_text": "\"Plaetoria (gens)\"\nPlaetoria (gens) The gens Plaetoria was a plebeian family at Rome. A number of Plaetorii appear in history during the first and second centuries BC, but none of this gens ever obtained the consulship. Several Plaetorii issued denarii from the late 70s into the 40s, of which one of the best known alludes to the assassination of Caesar on the Ides of March, since one of the Plaetorii was a partisan of Pompeius during the Civil War. Chase classifies the nomen \"\"Plaetorius\"\" among those gentilicia which were either of Roman origin, or which at least cannot be shown to have",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_text": "\"Ides of March\"\npriest, led the \"\"Ides sheep\"\" (\"\"ovis Idulis\"\") in procession along the Via Sacra to the \"\"arx\"\", where it was sacrificed. In addition to the monthly sacrifice, the Ides of March was also the occasion of the Feast of Anna Perenna, a goddess of the year (Latin \"\"annus\"\") whose festival originally concluded the ceremonies of the new year. The day was enthusiastically celebrated among the common people with picnics, drinking, and revelry. One source from late antiquity also places the Mamuralia on the Ides of March. This observance, which has aspects of scapegoat or ancient Greek \"\"pharmakos\"\" ritual, involved beating an",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "18473892",
"chunk_text": "\"Franklin Prophecy\"\nFranklin Prophecy \"\"The Franklin Prophecy\"\", sometimes called \"\"The Franklin Forgery\"\", is an antisemitic speech falsely attributed to Benjamin Franklin, warning of the supposed dangers of admitting Jews to the nascent United States. The speech was purportedly transcribed by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, but was unknown before its appearance in 1934 in the pages of William Dudley Pelley's Silver Legion pro-Nazi weekly magazine \"\"Liberation\"\". No evidence exists for the document's authenticity, and some of the author's claims have actively been disproven. The setting for the speech is a dinner table discussion purportedly recorded by Charles Cotesworth",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "20763255",
"chunk_text": "Tages\nTages Tages was a founding prophet of Etruscan religion who is known from reports by Latin authors of the late Roman Republic and Roman Empire. He revealed a cosmic view of divinity and correct methods of ascertaining divine will concerning events of public interest. Divination was undertaken in Roman society by priestly officials called \"\"haruspices\"\". Political officials also, such as the \"\"augures\"\", were constituted with some responsibilities for divination. While the religion flourished, these priests accompanied public officials, including generals in the field, and were consulted on everything of interest to the senate and people of Rome. The religious texts",
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"chunk_id": "18112481",
"chunk_text": "\"Enemy of the people\"\nof the People\"\", the play by Henrik Ibsen, 1882; or \"\"Coriolanus\"\", the play by William Shakespeare, c. 1605). Currently this form is mostly used as a reference to Soviet phraseology. The expression dates back to Roman times. The Senate declared emperor Nero a \"\"hostis publicus\"\" in AD 68. The words \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\" were extensively used during the French revolution. On 25 December 1793 Robespierre stated: \"\"The revolutionary government owes to the good citizen all the protection of the nation; it owes nothing to the Enemies of the People but death\"\". The Law of 22 Prairial in 1794 extended the remit of",
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_id": "13406648",
"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (band)\"\nThe Ides of March (band) The Ides of March are an American rock band that had a major US and minor UK hit with the song \"\"Vehicle\"\" in 1970. After going on hiatus in 1973, the band returned with their original line-up in 1990 and has been active since then. The Ides of March began in Berwyn, Illinois (a near western suburb of Chicago) on October 16, 1964, as a four-piece band called \"\"The Shon-Dels.\"\" Their first record, \"\"Like It Or Lump It,\"\" was released on their own \"\"Epitome\"\" record label in 1965. In 1966, after changing their name to",
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"chunk_id": "7009571",
"chunk_text": "\"Assassination of Julius Caesar\"\nAssassination of Julius Caesar The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus. They stabbed Caesar (23 times) to death in a location adjacent to the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March 15 March 44 BC. Caesar was the Dictator of the Roman Republic, having recently been declared \"\"dictator perpetuo\"\" by the Senate of the Roman Republic. This declaration made many senators fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favor of totalitarianism, as well as the fear",
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"chunk_id": "11531331",
"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (short story)\"\nincluded an introduction clarifying that Bunny was presently a prisoner, as well as an illustration showing Bunny Manders being dragged by a skeleton in cloak and hood. The magazine was hesitant to publish a story that featured criminals as the protagonists, and these changes were intended to make it clear that it was a cautionary tale. \"\"Cassell's\"\" would reprint this same illustration in each of its six Raffles issues. BBC Radio adapted the story into the first episode of its Raffles radio drama, \"\"The Ides of March\"\", which first aired on 20 October 1985. The drama features Jeremy Clyde as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14402343",
"chunk_text": "\"Ludi Triumphales\"\n13, the Ides, a religiously fraught day that Constantine presumably wished to avoid. The Ides of September occurred in the middle of the Roman Games, when a major banquet for Jupiter had been held since Rome's archaic period. In the earliest period of Roman history, a nail-driving ritual in the Temple of Jupiter marked the passing of the political year, with the consuls at that time taking office on the Ides. The Byzantine antiquarian Johannes Lydus noted that this was one of three Roman new years: the priestly year began in January, the national in March, and the political cycle",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17159495",
"chunk_text": "\"Francesca Anna Canfield\"\nFrancesca Anna Canfield Francesca Anna Canfield (pen name, Salonina; August 1803 – Mary 23, 1833) was an American linguist, poet, and translator. In writing, she seemed to have been constantly under the influence of the advice thus given to Pindar: \"\"Moderate your fire; the axle of your chariot-wheels bums too soon.\"\" Francisca Anna Pascalis was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in August, 1803. She was the daughter of Felix Pascalis, M.D distinguished in the medical and philosophical world, for his numerous dissertations on abstruse subjects, for his practice in the yellow fever, and other extraordinary disorders, and as a political economist,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3136994",
"chunk_text": "Philippic\nPhilippic A philippic () is a fiery, damning speech, or tirade, delivered to condemn a particular political actor. The term is most famously associated with two noted orators of the ancient world, the Roman Cicero and, most significantly, Demosthenes of Athens in his movement against the imperialist ambitions of Philip of Macedon. Demosthenes speeches, in 351 BC, denouncing the leader later became known as \"\"The Philippics\"\". The original \"\"philippics\"\" were delivered by Demosthenes, Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens who delivered several attacks on Philip II of Macedon in the 4th century BC. A First, Second, and Third Philippic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8999905",
"chunk_text": "\"Ferdinand Mainzer\"\nof Julius Caesar was translated into French and English, and widely reviewed. The book inspired Thornton Wilder to write his own novel about Caesar, \"\"The Ides of March\"\". Mainzer was a close friend of the Catholic priest Friedrich von Erxleben, who was a member of the Solf Circle of intellectuals involved in the resistance against Nazism. Mainzer and his family were helped to escape to England by the daughter of Wilhelm and Hanna Solf, the Countess So'oa'emalelagi \"\"Lagi\"\" von Ballestrem-Solf, who escorted them with their jewellery hidden in the lining of her clothes. Mainzer died 3 January 1943. His daughter",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15007406",
"chunk_text": "\"Julius Caesar\"\nallowed him to appoint all magistrates in 43 BC, and all consuls and tribunes in 42 BC. This, in effect, transformed the magistrates from being representatives of the people to being representatives of the dictator. On the Ides of March (15 March; see Roman calendar) of 44 BC, Caesar was due to appear at a session of the Senate. Several Senators had conspired to assassinate Caesar. Mark Antony, having vaguely learned of the plot the night before from a terrified \"\"liberator\"\" named Servilius Casca, and fearing the worst, went to head Caesar off. The plotters, however, had anticipated this and,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12691140",
"chunk_text": "\"Festina lente\"\nFestina lente Festina lente or \"\"speûde bradéōs\"\" () is a classical adage and oxymoron meaning \"\"make haste slowly\"\" (sometimes rendered in English as \"\"more haste, less speed\"\"). It has been adopted as a motto numerous times, particularly by the emperors Augustus and Titus, the Medicis and the Onslows. The original form of the saying, , is Classical Greek, of which \"\"festina lente\"\" is the Latin translation. The words and \"\"festina\"\" are second-person-singular present active imperatives, meaning \"\"make haste\"\", while and \"\"lente\"\" are adverbs, meaning \"\"slowly\"\". The Roman historian Suetonius, in \"\"De vita Caesarum\"\", tells that Augustus deplored rashness in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12691135",
"chunk_text": "\"Festina lente\"\nFestina lente Festina lente or \"\"speûde bradéōs\"\" () is a classical adage and oxymoron meaning \"\"make haste slowly\"\" (sometimes rendered in English as \"\"more haste, less speed\"\"). It has been adopted as a motto numerous times, particularly by the emperors Augustus and Titus, the Medicis and the Onslows. The original form of the saying, , is Classical Greek, of which \"\"festina lente\"\" is the Latin translation. The words and \"\"festina\"\" are second-person-singular present active imperatives, meaning \"\"make haste\"\", while and \"\"lente\"\" are adverbs, meaning \"\"slowly\"\". The Roman historian Suetonius, in \"\"De vita Caesarum\"\", tells that Augustus deplored rashness in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7793282",
"chunk_text": "Omen\nPerseus would be defeated - which he was. The orator and statesman Cicero, though an augur himself, and apparently convinced that in capable hands, it offered a reliable means of foretelling the future, was skeptical of unsolicited, personal omens. He reports the story that Licinius Crassus took ship for Syria despite the ominous call of a fig-seller – \"\"\"\"Cauneas!\"\"\"\" (\"\"Caunean figs!\"\"), which might be heard as \"\"\"\"Cave ne eas!\"\"\"\" (\"\"Beware, don't go!\"\") - and was killed on campaign. Cicero saw these events as merely coincidental; only the credulous could think them ominous. In Suetonius's \"\"Lives of the Caesars\"\", the deaths",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8617260",
"chunk_text": "\"Legislative violence\"\nprecursors thusly: Nazifa Zaki and Hamida Ahmadzai fought over rocket attacks into Afghanistan from Pakistan. Tax bill sparks brawls in the parliament of Algeria. Roman general and dictator Julius Caesar was famously assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March, 44 BC during a meeting of the Roman Senate. The senators, led by Cassius and Brutus and calling themselves Liberatores, had conspired in secret to kill Caesar and considered various ways to do so. Ultimately, they decided to kill him during a meeting of the senate, since only senators would be allowed in the meeting and Caesar",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12327194",
"chunk_text": "\"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori\"\nDulce et decorum est pro patria mori The phrase was famously used as the title of a well-known poem by Wilfred Owen, \"\"Dulce et Decorum Est\"\", in which he describes the experiences of soldiers in World War I. The poem from which the line comes, exhorts Roman citizens to develop martial prowess such that the enemies of Rome, in particular the Parthians, will be too terrified to resist the Romans. In John Conington's translation, the relevant passage reads: A humorous elaboration of the original line was used as a toast in the 19th century: \"\"Dulce et decorum est pro patria",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4673519",
"chunk_text": "\"The Ides of March (novel)\"\nwere worth reading ... \"\"Cry, the Beloved Country\"\", \"\"The Ides of March\"\", and \"\"The Naked and the Dead\"\". Wilder himself once wrote that the book was \"\"a kind of crossword puzzle\"\" that \"\"only begins to speak at its second reading.\"\" Edmund Fuller called the novel \"\"a text so rich that it requires exploration rather than reading.\"\" The novel is divided into four books, each of which starts earlier and ends later than the previous book. Catullus' poems and the closing section by Suetonius are the only documents of the book which are not imagined; however, many of the events are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_959
|
in what state was the united states center of population gravity located during the period 1790?
|
n/a
|
[
"Maryland",
"Kent County, Maryland"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11600477",
"chunk_text": "\"1790 United States Census\"\nof State Thomas Jefferson, marshals collected data from all thirteen states (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia), and from the Southwest Territory. The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. (From 1777 until early 1791, and hence during all of 1790, Vermont was a de facto independent country whose government took the position that Vermont was not then a part of the United States.) Both Secretary of State",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2944524",
"chunk_text": "\"Center of population\"\nmoved a few kilometres to the south, due to a decreasing population in northern Sweden and immigration to the south. The center of population in the Russian Federation is calculated by A. K. Gogolev to be at , south of Izhevsk. Heping District, Taichung. The mean center of the United States population (using the centroid definition) has been calculated for each U.S. Census since 1790. Over the last two centuries, it has progressed westward and, since 1930, southwesterly, reflecting population drift. For example, in 2010, the mean center was located near Plato, Missouri, in the south-central part of the state,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11600476",
"chunk_text": "\"1790 United States Census\"\nMaine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Vermont; however, the validity and existence of most of these data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as follows: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves. Under the direction of the current Secretary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11600478",
"chunk_text": "\"1790 United States Census\"\nThomas Jefferson and President George Washington expressed skepticism over the results, believing that the true population had been undercounted. If there was indeed an undercount, possible explanations for it include dispersed population, poor transportation links, limitations of contemporary technology, and individual refusal to participate. No microdata from the 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. 1790 United States Census The United States Census of 1790 was the first census of the whole United States. It recorded the population of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2944525",
"chunk_text": "\"Center of population\"\nwhereas, in 1790, it was in Kent County, Maryland, east-northeast of the then-new federal capital, Washington, D.C. The mean center of the India lies at the Lat 22.49 N, Long 80.10 E near the town of Nainpur in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Center of population In demographics, the centre of population (or population center) of a region is a geographical point that describes a centrepoint of the region's population. There are several different ways of defining such a \"\"centre point\"\", leading to different geographical locations; these are often confused. Three commonly used (but different) center points are: A further",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16807748",
"chunk_text": "\"Compromise of 1790\"\nNew York City on or about June 20, 1790. The meeting produced a political settlement on the \"\"assumption\"\" and \"\"residency\"\" crisis. Jefferson described the encounter between the men at his lodgings in New York City: The key provision of Secretary Hamilton's First Report on the Public Credit won approval with the passage of the Assumption Act, establishing the foundation for public credit. The Residence Act resulted in the permanent U.S. capital being located in the agrarian states of Maryland and Virginia, the demographic center of the country at the time, rather than in a metropolitan and financial center such as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11600474",
"chunk_text": "\"1790 United States Census\"\n1790 United States Census The United States Census of 1790 was the first census of the whole United States. It recorded the population of the United States as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution and applicable laws. In the first census, the population of the United States was enumerated to be 3,929,214. Congress assigned responsibility for the 1790 census to the marshals of United States judicial districts under an act which, with minor modifications and extensions, governed census taking until the 1840 census. \"\"The law required that every",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20009825",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographic center of the United States\"\nUnited States for 47 years, until the 1959 admissions of Alaska and Hawaii moved the geographic center of the overall United States approximately northwest by north. While any measurement of the exact center of a land mass will always be imprecise due to changing shorelines and other factors, the NGS coordinates identify the spot as an uninhabited parcel of private pastureland approximately east of the cornerpoint where the South Dakota/Wyoming/Montana borders meet. According to the NGS data sheet, the actual marker is \"\"set in an irregular mass of concrete 36 inches below the surface of the ground.\"\" For public commemoration,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11600475",
"chunk_text": "\"1790 United States Census\"\nhousehold be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in 'two of the most public places within [each jurisdiction], there to remain for the inspection of all concerned...' and that 'the aggregate amount of each description of persons' for every district be transmitted to the president.\"\" Although the Census was proved statistically factual, based on data collected, the records for several states (including: Delaware, Georgia, New Jersey, and Virginia) were lost sometime between 1790 and 1830. Almost one third of the original census data have been lost or destroyed since their original documentation. These include some 1790 data from: Connecticut,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8282977",
"chunk_text": "\"1791 State of the Union Address\"\nJefferson, they came to a conclusion. This deal is known as the Compromise of 1790. At the time America was currently in possession of the original thirteen colonies as well as the land gained in the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty of Paris ended the revolutionary war, in it America is granted territory as far west as the Mississippi River. Known as the year of \"\"Great Immigration\"\" 1788 is the year many Americans move west. On October 18th, 1790 the Ohio tribe defeated an expedition of American troops near Fort Wayne, Indiana, this signifies the beginning of the hostilities in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "208803",
"chunk_text": "\"Mean center of the United States population\"\nMean center of the United States population The mean center of the United States population is determined by the United States Census Bureau from the results of each national census. The Bureau defines it as follows: After moving roughly west by south during the 19th century, the shift in the mean center of population during the 20th century was less pronounced, moving west and south. Nearly 79% of the overall southerly movement happened between 1950 and 2000. Given the strong pull of Texas, Florida, and the Western US, the population center would be heading towards and one day entering Oklahoma.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1338654",
"chunk_text": "\"Political culture of the United States\"\nSouth, which elevates social order and family structure to a prominent role. It accepts a natural hierarchy in society and where necessary to protect society, authoritarian leadership in the political and religious realms. The formation of traditionalistic political culture is often thought to have arisen principally out of Virginia, the first and most populous southern colony. Virginia was also the most politically powerful state after the Revolution: pursuant to the first census of the United States in 1790 it held a greater percentage of congressional representatives than any other state has ever enjoyed up to the present day. Nevertheless, others",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8282978",
"chunk_text": "\"1791 State of the Union Address\"\nthe North West territory. On March 30, 1791 construction of the Knoxville Road begins, it links the Wilderness Road and with Knoxville. The road opens up more frontier area for settlements. In September of 1791 there is much hostility in Ohio territory, this causes Americans to build forts at Hamilton, St.Clair, Jefferson, Greenville and Recovery. At the time the Census Act had been put in place just over a year and a half before the speech. This act called for a routine census of the United States, and was passed by Congress on March 1st, 1790. Washington opened the speech",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7826195",
"chunk_text": "\"Southwest Territory\"\nTerritory in 1791 was 35,691. This included 3,417 slaves and 361 free persons of color. The population of the Washington District was 28,649, while the population of Mero was 7,042. The territory's 1795 census showed a total population of 77,262 inhabitants, including 10,613 slaves and 973 free persons of color. The population of the Washington and Hamilton districts was 65,338, and the population of Mero was 11,924. Southwest Territory The Territory South of the River Ohio, more commonly known as the Southwest Territory, was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1790, until June",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20009824",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographic center of the United States\"\nGeographic center of the United States The geographic center of the United States is a point approximately north of Belle Fourche, South Dakota (Lat. 44 58 02.07622(N) Long. 103 46 17.60283(W)). It has been regarded as such by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS) since the additions of Alaska and Hawaii to the United States in 1959. This is distinct from the contiguous geographic center, which has not changed since the 1912 admissions of New Mexico and Arizona to the contiguous United States, and falls near the town of Lebanon, Kansas. This served as the overall geographic center of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "687814",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States (1789–1849)\"\nthe new nation were committed to republicanism, and the doubts of the Anti-Federalists of 1788 were allayed with the passage of a Bill of Rights as the first ten amendments to the Constitution in 1791. The first census, conducted by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, enumerated a population of 3.9 million, with a density of 4.5 people per square mile of land area. There were only 12 cities of more than 5,000 population, as the great majority of the people were farmers. Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789, which established the entire federal judiciary. At the time, the act",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1908547",
"chunk_text": "\"Thomas Corwin Mendenhall\"\nexact national boundary between Alaska and Canada. The Mendenhall Valley and Glacier in Juneau, Alaska was named for him in 1892. Mendenhall invented the portable Mendenhall Gravimeter in 1890 while he was superintendent of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, and at that time it provided the most accurate relative measurements of the local gravitational field of the Earth. The gravimeters were used at over 340 survey stations across the US and around the world including Germany, Holland, Java, Philippines, Cuba, Haiti, Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Panama, Canada, and Mexico. The swing of the pendulum was more regular than the most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2322347",
"chunk_text": "\"Race and ethnicity in the United States Census\"\nThe census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. There was some doubt surrounding the numbers, President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from the 1790 population census is available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18119329",
"chunk_text": "\"Slavery in the United States\"\nthe South to satisfy US and international demand. Statistical data shows that 7% of the slaves (680,000 total in 1790 of 720,000 blacks) were in the North, population of 2 million. There had been approximately 15,000 slaves in New England in 1770 of 650,000 inhabitants. 35,000 slaves live in the Mid-Atlantic States of 600,000 inhabitants of whom 19,000 lived in New York where they made up 11% of the population. By 1790 Virginia held 44% (315,000 in a total population of 750,000 the State). It was common in agriculture, with a more massive presence in the South – the region",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8788131",
"chunk_text": "\"1810 United States Census\"\n1810 United States Census The United States Census of 1810 was the third Census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 6, 1810. It showed that 7,239,881 people were living in the United States, of which 1,191,362 were slaves. The 1810 Census included one new state: Ohio. The original census returns for the District of Columbia, Georgia, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Ohio were lost or destroyed over the years. Most of Tennessee's original forms were also lost, other than Grainger and Rutherford counties. The 1810 Census form contained the following information (identical to the 1800 census): Census",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8788133",
"chunk_text": "\"1810 United States Census\"\n1810 United States Census The United States Census of 1810 was the third Census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 6, 1810. It showed that 7,239,881 people were living in the United States, of which 1,191,362 were slaves. The 1810 Census included one new state: Ohio. The original census returns for the District of Columbia, Georgia, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Ohio were lost or destroyed over the years. Most of Tennessee's original forms were also lost, other than Grainger and Rutherford counties. The 1810 Census form contained the following information (identical to the 1800 census): Census",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7125362",
"chunk_text": "\"Sellers Hall\"\nsocial life of the United States. John Sellers of Sellers Hall (1728-1804) was among the founders of the American Philosophical Society, one of the framers of the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1790, and represented Delaware County in Pennsylvania's first Senate. With David Rittenhouse (1732-1796), he served on the Scientific Committee that observed the transit of Venus on the third of June, 1769. Sellers Hall's large farm and outbuildings became a significant step on the Underground Railroad, clandestinely coordinated through the Concord Quarterly Meeting, and the monthly meetings in Concord, Darby, and Wilmington, Delaware. Nathan Sellers (1751-1830) and David Sellers (1757-1813) were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20261974",
"chunk_text": "\"Mason and Dixon Survey Terminal Point\"\nMason and Dixon Survey Terminal Point Mason and Dixon Survey Terminal Point is a historic marker located near Pentress, West Virginia, United States. Located on the boundary between Monongalia County, West Virginia and Greene County, Pennsylvania, it identifies the terminal station established by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon on Brown's Hill on October 19, 1767. The stone placed on Brown's Hill in 1883 in the mound of 1767, marks the westernmost point reached by Mason and Dixon in delineating the common boundaries of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia (now West Virginia), and known as the Mason–Dixon line. It was listed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19103070",
"chunk_text": "\"Mason and Dixon Survey Terminal Point\"\non the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Mason and Dixon Survey Terminal Point Mason and Dixon Survey Terminal Point is a historic marker located near Pentress, West Virginia, United States. Located on the boundary between Monongalia County, West Virginia and Greene County, Pennsylvania, it identifies the terminal station established by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon on Brown's Hill on October 19, 1767. The stone placed on Brown's Hill in 1883 in the mound of 1767, marks the westernmost point reached by Mason and Dixon in delineating the common boundaries of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia (now West Virginia),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9515132",
"chunk_text": "\"Economic history of the United States\"\nwho were not permitted to marry. The population of white settlers grew from an estimated 40,000 in 1650 to 235,000 in 1700. In 1690, there were an estimated 13,000 black slaves. The population grew at an annual rate of over 3% throughout the 18th century, doubling every 25 years or less. By 1775 the population had grown to 2.6 million, of which 2.1 million were white, 540,000 black and 50,000 Native American, giving the colonies about one third of the population of Britain. The three most populated colonies in 1775 were Virginia, with a 21% share, and Pennsylvania and Massachusetts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8788129",
"chunk_text": "\"1800 United States Census\"\n1800 United States Census The United States Census of 1800 was the second Census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 4, 1800. It showed that 5,308,483 people were living in the United States, of whom 893,602 were slaves. The 1800 Census included the new District of Columbia. The census for the following states were lost: Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia. The 1800 census asks the following information in columns, left to right: This census is one of the several for which some of the original data are no longer available. Original census returns for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13193475",
"chunk_text": "\"History of United States prison systems\"\nof the eighteenth century brought major demographic and social change to colonial and, eventually post-colonial American life. The century was marked by rapid population growth throughout the colonies—a result of lower mortality rates and increasing (though small at first) rates of immigration. In the aftermath of the Revolutionary War, this trend persisted. Between 1790 and 1830, the population of the newly independent North American states greatly increased, and the number and density of urban centers did as well. The population of Massachusetts almost doubled in this period, while it tripled in Pennsylvania and increased five-fold in New York. In 1790,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20312041",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographic center of the United States\"\na nearby proxy marker is located in a park in Belle Fourche, where one will find a flag atop a small concrete slab bearing a U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Reference Marker. Geographic center of the United States The geographic center of the United States is a point approximately north of Belle Fourche, South Dakota (Lat. 44 58 02.07622(N) Long. 103 46 17.60283(W)). It has been regarded as such by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS) since the additions of Alaska and Hawaii to the United States in 1959. This is distinct from the contiguous geographic center, which has not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8312938",
"chunk_text": "\"Urbanization in the United States\"\nUrbanization in the United States The urbanization of the United States has progressed throughout its entire history. Over the last two centuries, the United States of America has been transformed from a predominantly rural, agricultural nation into an urbanized, industrial one. This was largely due to the Industrial Revolution in the United States (and parts of Western Europe) in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and the rapid industrialization which the United States experienced as a result. In 1790, only about one out of every twenty Americans (on average) lived in urban areas (cities), but this ratio had dramatically",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18076984",
"chunk_text": "\"Geographic center of the contiguous United States\"\nGeographic center of the contiguous United States The geographic center of the contiguous United States is the center of 48 U.S. states. It has been regarded as such by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS) since the 1912 additions of New Mexico and Arizona to the United States. Its position as located in a 1918 survey is located at , about northwest of the center of Lebanon, Kansas, approximately south of the Kansas–Nebraska border. While any measurement of the exact center of a land mass will always be imprecise due to changing shorelines and other factors, the NGS coordinates are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16807745",
"chunk_text": "\"Compromise of 1790\"\nCompromise of 1790 The Compromise of 1790 was a compromise between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson with James Madison wherein Hamilton won the decision for the national government to take over and pay the state debts, while Jefferson and Madison obtained the national capital (District of Columbia) for the South. The compromise resolved the deadlock in Congress. Southerners were blocking the assumption of state debts by the treasury, thereby destroying the Hamiltonian program for building a fiscally strong national state. Northerners rejected the proposal, much desired by Virginians, to locate the permanent national capital on the Virginia-Maryland border. The compromise",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7326462",
"chunk_text": "\"Demographic gravitation\"\nof people at that point (this also has relevance to Georgist economic rent theory Economic rent#Land rent). For comparison, Reilly's retail gravity equilibrium (or Balance/Break Point) is paraphrased as: Recently, a stochastic version has been proposed according to which the probability formula_7 of a site formula_8 to become urban is given by where formula_10 for urban sites and formula_11 otherwise, formula_12 is the distance between sites formula_8 and formula_14, and formula_15 controlls the overall growth-rate. The parameter formula_16 determines the degree of compactness. Demographic gravitation Demographic gravitation is a concept of \"\"social physics\"\", introduced by Princeton University astrophysicist John Quincy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "171048",
"chunk_text": "\"Demographic history of the United States\"\nrarely exceeding 10% in isolated instances. The last significant colonies to be settled mainly by immigrants were Pennsylvania in the early 18th century and Georgia and the Borderlands in the late 18th century, as migration (not immigration) continued to provide nearly all the settlers for each new colony or state. This pattern would continue throughout U.S. history. The extent of colonial settlements by 1800 is shown by this map from the University of Texas map collection. According to the source, \"\"The Source: A Guidebook of American Genealogy\"\" by Kory L. Meyerink and Loretto Dennis Szucs, the following were the countries",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17756425",
"chunk_text": "\"Demographics of South Carolina\"\nlisted prior to that are estimates and exclude the Native American population. From 1790 until 1860, the designated demographic classifications were white, black slave and free black. Following the Civil War, the racial groupings were white, black and other. The following is a list of census data for the state of South Carolina: Demographics of South Carolina The U.S. state of South Carolina is the 23rd largest state by population, with a population of 5,024,369 as of 2017 United States Census estimates. South Carolina's center of population is north of the State House in the city of Columbia. According to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7585387",
"chunk_text": "\"Surveying in North America\"\namended or superseded. As the population grew and the land was explored, the state borders were defined, like the Mason–Dixon line, finalized in 1767. The Lewis and Clark Expedition included a preliminary survey of the features of the western united states, resulting in maps of geographical features. The current geodetic model of the earth used in the US is the North American Datum 1983, often called NAD83. The system is used to define horizontal co-ordinates of reference markers all over the US. Although created as a geocentric datum which originates at the center of the earth, more recent models of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6027075",
"chunk_text": "\"1790 House\"\nconceived a passion for the Pacific Northwest and became the prime advocate of the United States settlement of Oregon. He then migrated west to become a legendary \"\"mountain man\"\" and explorer. The house was purchased by the BNMC MA Realty LLC in March 2014. Previously, the house was owned by Woburn Daily Times Inc since 1981 and is currently used as office space. Before that it was owned by the North Congregational Church of Woburn, and used as a Sunday School. The structure stands two stories tall beneath a hip roof, seven bays wide and four bays deep. It is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1821303",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Gazers' Stone\"\nStar Gazers' Stone Star Gazers' Stone located on Star Gazers' Farm near Embreeville, Pennsylvania, USA, marks the site of a temporary observatory established in January 1764 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon which they used in their survey of the Mason-Dixon line. The stone was placed by Mason and Dixon about north of the Harlan House, which was used as a base of operations by Mason and Dixon through the four-and-a-half-year-long survey. Selected to be about west of the then southernmost point in Philadelphia, the observatory was used to determine the precise latitude of its location. The latitude of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20761968",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\ntendency to improve the chances of third-party candidates in some situations. Critics have alleged that the Electoral College was originally advocated by Southern states in an effort to defend slavery, particularly since the most populous state in the 1790 Census was Virginia, a slave state. As \"\"Time\"\" magazine wrote in a 2016 editorial, \"\"Virginia emerged as the big winner,\"\" at the constitutional convention, \"\"with...more than a quarter of the 46 needed to win an election in the first round.\"\" Meanwhile, the \"\"free state of Pennsylvania had 10% more free persons than Virginia, but got 20% fewer electoral votes.\"\" Because three-fifths",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8788130",
"chunk_text": "\"1800 United States Census\"\nGeorgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia were lost over the years. No microdata from the 1800 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. 1800 United States Census The United States Census of 1800 was the second Census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 4, 1800. It showed that 5,308,483 people were living in the United States, of whom 893,602 were slaves. The 1800 Census included the new District of Columbia. The census for the following",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1171637",
"chunk_text": "\"Thirteen Colonies\"\nthe colonists lived as farmers, though some seaports also flourished. In 1760, the cities of Philadelphia, New York, and Boston had a population in excess of 16,000, which was small by European standards. By 1770, the economic output of the Thirteen Colonies made up forty percent of the gross domestic product of the British Empire. As the 18th century progressed, colonists began to settle far from the Atlantic coast. Pennsylvania, Virginia, Connecticut, and Maryland all laid claim to the land in the Ohio River valley. The colonies engaged in a scramble to purchase land from Indian tribes, as the British",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5527212",
"chunk_text": "\"Congress Hall\"\nCongress Hall Congress Hall, located in Philadelphia at the intersection of Chestnut and 6th Streets, served as the seat of the United States Congress from December 6, 1790 to May 14, 1800. During Congress Hall's duration as the capitol of the United States, the country admitted three new states, Vermont, Kentucky, and Tennessee; ratified the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution; and oversaw the Presidential inaugurations of both George Washington (his second) and John Adams. Congress Hall was restored in the 20th century to its original appearance in 1796. The building is now managed by the National Park",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20292802",
"chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of North America since 1763\"\nthe second permanent Russian settlement in Alaska (after Unalaska) on the island's Three Saints Bay. Delegates from the North Carolina counties of Washington, Sullivan, Spencer (now Hawkins) and Greene — all in present-day Tennessee — convened in the town of Jonesborough and declared the lands the State of Frankland, independent of North Carolina. A constitution modeled on that of North Carolina was adopted with few changes, and the state name was changed to \"\"Franklin\"\". By 1790, the state government had collapsed entirely and the territory was again firmly under the control of North Carolina. In 1789, in attempt to assert",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19286938",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nnew Constitution that was adopted in 1789. In 1791, a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights. With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief adviser, a strong central government was created. Purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 doubled the size of the United States. A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812, which solidified national pride. Encouraged by the notion of manifest destiny, U.S. territory expanded all the way to the Pacific coast. While the United States was large in terms of area, its population in 1790 was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11030619",
"chunk_text": "\"Beginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey\"\nBeginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey The Beginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey is the point from which the United States in 1786 began the formal survey of the lands known then as the Northwest Territory, now making up all or part of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The survey is claimed to be the first major cadastral survey undertaken by any nation. The point now lies underwater on the state line between Ohio and Pennsylvania. Because it is submerged, a monument commemorating the point is located on the state line between East Liverpool, Ohio",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9515142",
"chunk_text": "\"Economic history of the United States\"\nIn the second half of the 18th century, difficulties arose from the shortage of good farmland, periodic money problems, and downward price pressures in the export market. In agriculture there was a shift from grain to animal products. The colonial government from time to time attempted to promote various commodities such as hemp, potash, and lumber as export items to bolster its economy and improve its balance of trade with Great Britain. Historian Carl Bridenbaugh examined in depth five key cities: Boston (population 16,000 in 1760), Newport Rhode Island (population 7500), New York City (population 18,000), Philadelphia (population 23,000), and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10548813",
"chunk_text": "\"Residence Act\"\nResidence Act The Residence Act of 1790, officially titled An Act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States (), was a United States federal statute adopted during the second session of the First United States Congress, and signed into law by President George Washington on July 16, 1790. The Act provided for a national capital and permanent seat of government to be established at a site along the Potomac River and empowered President Washington to appoint commissioners to oversee the project. It also set a deadline of December 1800 for the capital to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15851402",
"chunk_text": "\"U.S. state\"\nSeveral of the original states ceded land, over a several year period, to the Federal government, which in turn became the Northwest Territory, Southwest Territory, and Mississippi Territory. In 1791 Maryland and Virginia ceded land to create the District of Columbia (Virginia's portion was returned in 1847). In 1850, Texas ceded a large swath of land to the federal government. Additionally, Massachusetts and Virginia (on two occasions), have lost land, in each instance to form a new state. There have been numerous other minor adjustments to state boundaries over the years due to improved surveys, resolution of ambiguous or disputed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16852868",
"chunk_text": "\"Median center of United States population\"\nDaviess County, Indiana. The majority of this southwest shift happened in the second half of the century, as the center shifted within a narrow circular band between 1900 and 1950 – all within roughly of the 1900 starting point in Randolph County. Median center of United States population The median center of U.S. population is determined by the United States Census Bureau from the results of each census. The Bureau defines it to be: As of the 2010 U.S. census, this places roughly 154.4 million Americans living on each side of a longitude line passing through a location in Pike",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20783141",
"chunk_text": "\"Federalist Era\"\nthe seat of the government of the United States\"\". In what is now known as the Compromise of 1790, Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson came to an agreement that the federal government would pay each state's remaining Revolutionary War debts in exchange for establishing the new national capital in the Southern United States. In July 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington. Maryland and Virginia donated land to the federal government that collectively formed a square measuring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "208804",
"chunk_text": "\"Mean center of the United States population\"\nThe shift projected for the 2010–2020 period would be the shortest centroid movement since the Great Depression intercensal period of 1930–1940. Mean center of the United States population The mean center of the United States population is determined by the United States Census Bureau from the results of each national census. The Bureau defines it as follows: After moving roughly west by south during the 19th century, the shift in the mean center of population during the 20th century was less pronounced, moving west and south. Nearly 79% of the overall southerly movement happened between 1950 and 2000. Given the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_960
|
who are the stars in dancing with the stars?
|
n/a
|
[
"Jennie Finch Daigle",
"Jamie Anderson",
"Arike Ogunbowale",
"Mirai Nagasu",
"Adam Rippon",
"Josh Norman",
"Tonya Harding",
"Kareem Abdul-Jabbar",
"Chris Mazdzer",
"Johnny Damon"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9615941",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 24)\"\nIn the following days, Lindsay Arnold, Sharna Burgess, Witney Carson, Artem Chigvintsev, Valentin Chmerkovskiy, Sasha Farber, Gleb Savchenko, and Emma Slater were all confirmed to be returning as professional dancers. Also, Kym Herjavec (who last competed in season 20) and Keo Motsepe (who last competed in season 22) were confirmed to be returning as professional dancers. Pros from the previous season not returning included Cheryl Burke, Allison Holker, Derek Hough, and Jenna Johnson. The full list of celebrities and pros was announced on March 1, 2017, on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, and Carrie",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16449818",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21) Season twenty-one of the American television competition series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 14, 2015. On November 24, 2015, Bindi Irwin and her partner Derek Hough were crowned champions. Nick Carter and Sharna Burgess finished second, Alek Skarlatos and Lindsay Arnold placed third. This season set records for the total number of perfect scores awarded (23) and the number of stars to receive at least one perfect score with 7 (Bindi Irwin, Nick Carter, Alek Skarlatos, Carlos PenaVega, Tamar Braxton, Alexa PenaVega, and Andy Grammer). Irwin also set a record with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4869153",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)\"\nand season 24 troupe members Artur Adamski, Brandon Armstrong, Hayley Erbert, and Britt Stewart. This table only counts dances scored on a 30-point scale (scores by guest judges are excluded). The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale (scores by guest judges are excluded) are as follows: Scores are based upon a potential 30-point maximum (team dances and scores by guest judges are excluded). \"\"Individual judges' scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" The couples danced the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8028308",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23)\"\nthe show before. The six returning from the previous season include Lindsay Arnold, Sharna Burgess, Witney Carson, Artem Chigvintsev, Val Chmerkovskiy, and Sasha Farber; the two returning from past seasons are Allison Holker (last seen in season 21) and Gleb Savchenko (from season 16). Later, other returning dancers were announced: Emma Slater (last seen in season 21), Maksim Chmerkovskiy (last competed in season 18), Derek Hough (last competed season 21) and Cheryl Burke (last competed season 19). Past troupe member Jenna Johnson is the only new pro this season. Pros from the previous season who did not return this season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2976049",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13) Season thirteen of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 19, 2011. Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as the judges, and Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke Charvet returned as hosts. Twelve couples competed in this season. Starting this season, Alan Dedicoat, the announcer, introduces Harold Wheeler and his band after the introduction of the remaining competitors. Actor J.R. Martinez won the competition with over 9 million votes. Rob Kardashian and Ricki Lake took second and third places, respectively. Nine professional partners—Derek Hough, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Cheryl Burke, Tony Dovolani, Mark",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15900517",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\ncelebrity partners. The first troupe in season 12 included Oksana Dmytrenko, Tristan MacManus, Peta Murgatroyd, Kiki Nyemchek, Nicole Volynets, and Ted Volynets. Members of the season 27 troupe are Artur Adamski, Hayley Erbert, Britt Stewart, Morgan Larson and Vladislav Kvartin. Other past troupe members include Brandon Armstrong, Lindsay Arnold, Alan Bersten, Sharna Burgess, Henry Byalikov, Witney Carson, Brittany Cherry, Dasha Chesnokova, Artem Chigvintsev, Sasha Farber, Shannon Holtzapffel, Dennis Jauch, Jenna Johnson, Kiril Kulish, Tristan MacManus, Keo Motsepe, Kiki Nyemchek, Sonny Fredie Pedersen, Gleb Savchenko, Emma Slater and Julz Tocker. Key: For 17 seasons, the Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers provided",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9436542",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 26)\"\nThe five professionals from last season that are not returning are Cheryl Burke, Mark Ballas, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Peta Murgatroyd, and Valentin Chmerkovskiy. The cast was announced on April 13 on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, while Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. On May 7, season 24 champion Rashad Jennings returned as a guest judge. On May 14, season 24 runner-up David Ross returned as a guest judge. The dance troupe for season 26 consists of season 25 troupe members Artur Adamski, Brandon Armstrong, Hayley Erbert, and Britt Stewart.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18712196",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 18)\"\npairings for a week during the season. Each celebrity was required to leave his or her assigned partner and perform with a new pro for one week. This season is notable for being the first in which a dance that has been featured in every season, the paso doble, was only performed once (by Charlie White and Sharna Burgess). On May 20, 2014, Meryl Davis and her partner Maksim Chmerkovskiy were crowned the champions, marking the first time that Chmerkovskiy has won. Amy Purdy and Derek Hough were the runners-up, and Candace Cameron Bure and Mark Ballas finished in third",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3487843",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series) Dancing with the Stars is an American dance competition television series that premiered on June 1, 2005, on ABC. It is the US version of the UK series \"\"Strictly Come Dancing\"\". The show is hosted by Tom Bergeron, alongside Erin Andrews, who became co-host in season eighteen. Lisa Canning was co-host in the first season, Samantha Harris co-hosted seasons two through nine and Brooke Burke-Charvet in seasons ten through seventeen. The twenty-seventh season premiered on September 24, 2018, and its spin-off \"\"\"\" premiered on October 7, 2018. \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" will not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18712202",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 18)\"\nare required to dance with each other for 20 seconds on the dance floor without their partners. \"\"Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Kenny Ortega, Bruno Tonioli\"\". The semifinalists performed two unlearned dances to songs by American music icons. The celebrities were also able to speak with people who they consider \"\"icons\"\". Candace, Charlie, Amy, James, and Meryl each received advice from Angela Thomas, Scott Hamilton, Oprah Winfrey, L.A. Reid, and season 6 winner Kristi Yamaguchi respectively. The four finalists performed two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18348071",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)\"\nas a guest judge for Famous Dances Night. Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21) Season twenty-one of the American television competition series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 14, 2015. On November 24, 2015, Bindi Irwin and her partner Derek Hough were crowned champions. Nick Carter and Sharna Burgess finished second, Alek Skarlatos and Lindsay Arnold placed third. This season set records for the total number of perfect scores awarded (23) and the number of stars to receive at least one perfect score with 7 (Bindi Irwin, Nick Carter, Alek Skarlatos, Carlos PenaVega, Tamar Braxton, Alexa PenaVega, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8028309",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23)\"\ninclude reigning champion Peta Murgatroyd, who was expecting a child, Mark Ballas, Tony Dovolani, Edyta Śliwińska, and Karina Smirnoff. Keo Motsepe returned, but as a member of the show's dance troupe. The full cast of celebrities and pros was revealed on August 30, 2016, on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews return as hosts, and Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli return as judges. On August 26, 2016, it was reported that Julianne Hough would return to the show as a judge following a hiatus. Due to a personal tragedy involving her boyfriend, Erin Andrews took",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7070419",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)\"\nat different dates through different media. The full cast of celebrities and professional dancers was revealed on September 2, 2015, on \"\"GMA.\"\" During the show, two celebrities (Kim Zolciak-Biermann and Tamar Braxton) withdrew \"\"during\"\" the competition due to health issues, marking the first time two contestants withdrew in midseason (Nancy O'Dell and Jewel both withdrew from Season 8 before the first episode). Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, while judges Carrie Ann Inaba, Julianne Hough, and Bruno Tonioli all returned this season. After twenty seasons, Len Goodman did not return this season as a judge; in a video",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4869152",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)\"\nas the first celebrity competing for the season partnered with Emma Slater. On September 6, the rest of the cast was revealed on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, while Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. Julianne Hough did not return as a permanent judge this season, though she did return as a guest judge during the first night of the finals. On October 23, singer Shania Twain joined the panel as a guest judge. The dance troupe members for the season are former pros Sasha Farber and Jenna Johnson,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7043669",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23) Season twenty-three of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 12, 2016, on the ABC network. On November 23, 2016, Olympic gymnast Laurie Hernandez and Valentin Chmerkovskiy were announced the winner; IndyCar driver James Hinchcliffe and Sharna Burgess placed second, and retired NFL player Calvin Johnson Jr. and Lindsay Arnold placed third. Having won at age 16, Hernandez is currently the youngest winner of the show, surpassing Olympic gymnast Shawn Johnson (season 8). The first eight professional dancers were revealed on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" on August 23, 2016, and have all appeared on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15307003",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\nand Hélio Castroneves. New routines were performed by Apolo Anton Ohno and Julianne Hough, Mel B and Maksim Chmerkovskiy, and by Mario Lopez with the cast of \"\"A Chorus Line\"\", in which he was starring on Broadway. The musical guest was country group Rascal Flatts. The judges also presented a countdown of their choices for the top 10 perfect-scoring dances of the 1st 5 seasons. Their choices were: In season 11, viewers were allowed two votes per day on the \"\"DWTS\"\" website to vote for their favorite out of 30 given choices. On Oct 25, 2010, a countdown of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18712201",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 18)\"\nthe chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Redfoo, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli\"\". \"\"Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Ricky Martin, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli\"\". \"\"Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Abby Lee Miller, Bruno Tonioli\"\". Although billed as \"\"dance duels,\"\" the two celebrities in each dance receive the same score. During the routine, the celebrities",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3825137",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 27)\"\nCarrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. The dance troupe for season 27 consists of season 26 troupe members Artur Adamski, Hayley Erbert, Britt Stewart, and Morgan Larson, along with newcomer Vladislav Kvartin. This table only counts dances scored on a 30-point scale. The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows: Scores are based upon a potential 30-point maximum. \"\"Individual judges' scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" On the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11500550",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\nOsmond, Pitbull, Redfoo, Alfonso Ribeiro, Robin Roberts, David Ross, Shania Twain, and Zendaya. Color key: A total of 309 celebrities have appeared in the 27 seasons of the series. For each season, the celebrities are paired with a professional partner who instructs them in the various dances each week and competes alongside them in the televised competition. A total of 45 professional partners have appeared alongside celebrities, some for only one season (mostly in the earliest seasons). Key: In season 12, the show introduced the troupe consisting of professional dancers who perform on the show but are not paired with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7168451",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13)\"\nfor dances scored on a traditional 30-points scale (the scores for the cha-cha-cha Relay dance are not included). The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows: Elisabetta Canalis, Kristin Cavallari, and Carson Kressley did not land on the list. According to the traditional 30-point scale: \"\"Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" Each couple dances to a song that came out in the 1980s. The celebrities and professional partners",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3825136",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 27)\"\nMilo and Witney placed second, Evanna and Keo placed third, while Alexis and Alan placed fourth. The thirteen professional dancers were revealed on \"\"Good Morning America\"\" on August 28, 2018. The ten professionals from last season returned, along with Cheryl Burke and Valentin Chmerkovskiy, who both last competed in season 25. Troupe dancer Brandon Armstrong made his debut in the pro lineup. Nancy McKeon was announced as the first celebrity competing for the season, partnered with Chmerkovskiy. On September 12, the rest of the cast was revealed on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, while",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4869151",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)\"\nperfect scores by a celebrity in a season (9), surpassing Bindi Irwin (season 21) and Laurie Hernandez (season 23). \"\"Good Morning America\"\" announced the professional dancers who would be competing in the upcoming season. The two professionals from the previous season that did not return were Kym Johnson-Herjavec and Sasha Farber. Farber returned to the troupe, and Mark Ballas, who last appeared on season 22, also returned. Alan Bersten, a troupe member since season 20, was promoted to pro. On September 4, it was revealed that Cheryl Burke was the thirteenth pro added to the lineup. Drew Scott was announced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19387150",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 19)\"\na nominee for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography alongside Derek Hough in 2013, made her debut as a professional this season, along with season 18 troupe member and former \"\"Strictly Come Dancing\"\" champion pro Artem Chigvintsev and South African Latin American ballroom champion Keo Motsepe. Other members of the troupe are Lindsay Arnold, Sasha Farber and Jenna Johnson, all of whom have performed in past seasons. Season 16 pro and former troupe member Gleb Savchenko performed with the current troupe members in the season premiere episode. This table only counts for dances scored on a 40-point scale (the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10466547",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 22)\"\nwhile Ginger Zee and Valentin Chmerkovskiy placed third. The cast was revealed on March 8, 2016 on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Edyta Śliwińska returned as a professional dancer this season after an eleven-season hiatus. Also returning to the pro roster are Artem Chigvintsev and Peta Murgatroyd, both of whom did not appear last season as professional dancers, as well as Sasha Farber, who is once again promoted from troupe member to pro dancer. Last season's champion Derek Hough is not returning for this season. Also not returning are Allison Holker, Emma Slater, Anna Trebunskaya, and Louis van Amstel. Actress Jodie Sweetin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6211101",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\nMaksim, Jennifer & Derek and Kurt & Anna were on Ohno's team. On the results show of November 2, some awards were given out to past celebrity contestants and professionals. The 300th episode took place on the week 9 results show of season 16. Twenty-two professional dancers who had appeared on the show, both past and present, performed an opening number choreographed by Jason Gilkinson. Past pros who performed were Chelsie Hightower, Dmitry Chaplin, Louis Van Amstel, and Anna Trebunskaya. Kellie Pickler and Derek Hough danced their \"\"Argentine tango\"\" as the week's encore. However, the top 10 dances were not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9791204",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 20)\"\nmillion viewers, 0.52 million greater than season 19. Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 20) Season twenty of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on March 16, 2015, and concluded on May 19, 2015. This season marked the ten-year anniversary of the show. In honor of the anniversary, the winners, Rumer Willis and Valentin Chmerkovskiy (in his first win as a professional), received a special 10th Anniversary golden Mirrorball Trophy. The runners-up were Riker Lynch and Allison Holker, while Noah Galloway and Sharna Burgess came in third. Ten professional partners were revealed on February 11, 2015, on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Professionals",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4869157",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)\"\nThey included Kelly Monaco, Rashad Jennings, Laurie Hernandez, Kristi Yamaguchi, Alfonso Ribeiro and Corbin Bleu. The couples performed an unlearned dance using music chosen by the pros, as well as a dance that reinterpreted an iconic routine from a previous season. \"\"Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Julianne Hough, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" On the first night, the couples performed a redemption dance and a freestyle. On the second night, the final three couples danced their favorite routine and a fusion dance of two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9436541",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 26)\"\nwith Sasha Farber, were both announced as runners-up during the live finale show. However, it was revealed later that Josh and Sharna placed second, while Tonya and Sasha placed third. The professional dancers were announced on April 12, 2018. The eight professionals returning from last season are Lindsay Arnold, Alan Bersten, Sharna Burgess, Witney Carson, Artem Chigvintsev, Keo Motsepe, Gleb Savchenko, and Emma Slater. The two remaining professional dancers were both in the troupe last season, and have previously been professional dancers on the show: Sasha Farber (last competed in season 24) and Jenna Johnson (last competed in season 23).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12637868",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 17)\"\nand their professional partners was announced on September 4, 2013 on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". All of the previously competing professional dancers returned for season 17 with the exception of Gleb Savchenko, Lindsay Arnold, and Kym Johnson (who took the season off to be a judge in season 13 of the Australian version). They were replaced by Tyne Stecklein, Emma Slater, and Sasha Farber. However, Savchenko and Arnold joined Henry Byalikov and Witney Carson in the Dance Troupe replacing Julian Tocker and Oksana Dmytrenko, therefore reducing the troupe to four professional dancers. This table only counts for dances scored on a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9791196",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 20)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 20) Season twenty of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on March 16, 2015, and concluded on May 19, 2015. This season marked the ten-year anniversary of the show. In honor of the anniversary, the winners, Rumer Willis and Valentin Chmerkovskiy (in his first win as a professional), received a special 10th Anniversary golden Mirrorball Trophy. The runners-up were Riker Lynch and Allison Holker, while Noah Galloway and Sharna Burgess came in third. Ten professional partners were revealed on February 11, 2015, on \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Professionals from last season not returning include Cheryl Burke",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12637867",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 17)\"\nno results show, those scores will be added to the public votes from the previous week, and the couple with the lowest combined score from judges and viewer votes will be eliminated from the competition toward the end of that week’s episode. On November 26, Amber Riley and her partner Derek Hough were crowned the champions, making Riley the first African-American woman to win. Corbin Bleu and Karina Smirnoff became the runners-up, and Jack Osbourne and Cheryl Burke received third place. Hough received his fifth of six mirrorball trophies, a series record for a professional dancer. The cast of twelve",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9615945",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 24)\"\ndanced with Alan Bersten on account of Maksim Chmerkovskiy's injury. Season 9 winner Donny Osmond sang \"\"I'll Make a Man Out of You\"\" live while Normani Kordei and Valentin Chmerkovskiy danced. Auli'i Cravalho sang \"\"How Far I'll Go\"\" live while Simone Biles and Sasha Farber danced. \"\"Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Nick Carter, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" The couples danced one unlearned dance and a team dance to songs from some of the most popular boy bands and girl groups throughout history. Argentine",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11500549",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\nreturn for seasons 25 and 26. Several former contestants appeared as judges in episode 200 (in season 11), including Hélio Castroneves, Mel B, Drew Lachey, Gilles Marini, Kelly Osbourne, and Emmitt Smith. Other celebrities, most often those who are associated with the world of dancing, former professional dancers, and past contestants have appeared as the fourth judge or in absence of one of the main judges, including Paula Abdul, Donnie Burns, Nick Carter, Cher, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Michael Flatley, Kevin Hart, Jessie J, Rashad Jennings, Baz Luhrmann, Ricky Martin, Idina Menzel, Abby Lee Miller, Mandy Moore, Olivia Newton-John, Kenny Ortega, Donny",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5444010",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 10)\"\na traditional 30-points scale (the scores for the Swing Marathon from week 6 are not included). The scoring from week four counts as two dances. The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows: Pamela Anderson & Shannen Doherty are the only stars not to land on this list. According to the traditional 30-point scale (team dances not included): Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli. In addition to recapping",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7043681",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23)\"\ncelebrities and professional partners will dance one of these routines for each corresponding week: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23) Season twenty-three of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 12, 2016, on the ABC network. On November 23, 2016, Olympic gymnast Laurie Hernandez and Valentin Chmerkovskiy were announced the winner; IndyCar driver James Hinchcliffe and Sharna Burgess placed second, and retired NFL player Calvin Johnson Jr. and Lindsay Arnold placed third. Having won at age 16, Hernandez is currently the youngest winner of the show, surpassing Olympic gymnast Shawn Johnson (season 8). The first eight professional dancers were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19813756",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 14)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 14) Season fourteen of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on March 19, 2012. Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke Charvet returned as hosts, while Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli all returned as judges. The Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers provided the music throughout the season. Green Bay Packers wide receiver Donald Driver won the competition over British classical crossover singer Katherine Jenkins and Cuban-American Telenovela star William Levy, who took 2nd and 3rd place respectively. Driver is also the third NFL player (including retired) to win, after Emmitt Smith won season three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "976937",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 12)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 12) Season twelve of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on March 21, 2011. Carrie Ann Inaba, Bruno Tonioli, and Len Goodman returned to the show as judges, while Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke returned as hosts. Professional football player Hines Ward was the winner of the competition with his partner Kym Johnson. Actress Kirstie Alley and Disney star Chelsea Kane came in second and third, respectively. On the official website, a page gave people the chance to recommend celebrities they wanted to see on season 12 of the show through comments. Pro-dancer Derek Hough,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14598198",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 7)\"\nLen Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" \"\"Individual judges scores in charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Michael Flatley, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" Len Goodman is with Kenny Mayne and Jerry Rice. Cody Linley did these dances with substitute partner Edyta Śliwińska. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Misty May-Treanor and Maksim Chmerkovskiy could not perform an encore due to Misty still recovering from the Achilles tendon injury that had forced her to withdraw. Toni Braxton and Alec Mazo did not perform their encore due to Toni recuperating from a recent surgery. Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 7)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8028314",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23)\"\npoints over the season, which resulted in James winning immunity and a five-point bonus. For each dance-off, the couple with the highest remaining score picked the opponent against whom they wanted to dance; the chosen opponent was allowed to pick the dance style (cha-cha-cha, jive, or salsa). The winner of each dance-off earned three points. The general public helped to determine the winner of each dance-off via the show's official website. \"\"Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Idina Menzel, Julianne Hough, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" Couples",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15307004",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\nTop 10 voted for dances on the show was reported to celebrate the following week when the 200th show would be. On the actual 200th show, several dances were performed again on the show and six of the past fan favorites came back to judge; Helio Castroneves, Emmitt Smith, Drew Lachey, Kelly Osbourne, Gilles Marini, Mel B, and more. The couples re-created their most memorable routines on the 200th episode; Kristi Yamaguchi and Apolo Ohno served as team captains for the team dances. Yamaguchi's team consisted of Rick & Cheryl, Kyle & Lacey and Bristol & Mark, while Brandy &",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7942415",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 15)\"\nno other couple performed: the waltz, danced only by Sabrina Bryan and Louis van Amstel. The names of twelve returning celebrities were revealed on July 27, 2012. All 12 professionals from season 14 returned. A thirteenth contestant was chosen by the public, from either Sabrina Bryan, Kyle Massey, or Carson Kressley. Bryan was announced the winner on August 27, 2012 over Kressley and Massey. Louis van Amstel was partnered with Bryan, while the professional partners for the first twelve celebrities were revealed on August 13. Mark Ballas and Cheryl Burke were the professionals with the most returning partners (3) and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19813758",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 14)\"\nby performing a Jive. Burke's team were named champions by the judges with Dovolani's and van Amstel's teams taking second and third places respectively. This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30-points scale (the scores for the Motown Marathon from week 6 are not included). The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' 30-point scale are as follows: Scores are based upon a potential 30-point maximum \"\"Individual judges' scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli\"\". All",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9615949",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 24)\"\nfreestyle. On the second night, the couples danced a fusion dance that fused two previously learned dance styles. The celebrities and professional partners will dance one of these routines for each corresponding week: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 24) Season twenty-four of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on March 20, 2017, on the ABC network. On May 23, 2017, NFL runningback Rashad Jennings and Emma Slater, were declared the winners, marking Slater's first win. Former MLB catcher David Ross and Lindsay Arnold finished second, while Fifth Harmony singer Normani Kordei and Val Chmerkovskiy finished third. On February 21, 2017,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18712197",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 18)\"\nplace. The cast of twelve and their professional partners were revealed on March 4, 2014, on Good Morning America. Nine of the twelve professional dancers from the previous season returned for season 18. A tenth, Sasha Farber, returned to the Dance Troupe while Tristan MacManus and Tyne Stecklein did not return in either capacity. These three were replaced by former Troupe members—Witney Carson and Henry Byalikov—and also by Maksim Chmerkovskiy, who had returned following a two-season hiatus. Joining Sasha Farber and Lindsay Arnold in the Troupe is Jenna Johnson from season ten of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7942413",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 15)\"\nSix of the returning finalists, however, had already won the title in prior seasons (Kelly Monaco, Drew Lachey, Emmitt Smith, Apolo Anton Ohno, Helio Castroneves, and Shawn Johnson). Season eight saw the most returning contestants, with 3 out of the 13 contestants coming from that season (Gilles Marini, Shawn Johnson, and Melissa Rycroft). In addition, it was the only season to date to offer fractional (0.5) scores. Five contestants reunited with their original partners, while the other eight danced with new ones. Season eight finalist Melissa Rycroft defeated season eight champion Shawn Johnson and season one champion Kelly Monaco to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9615946",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 24)\"\ntango was performed for the first time in the season. Maksim Chmerkovskiy returned to dance with Heather Morris after a four-week recovery period, but they were ultimately eliminated that night after receiving a perfect score. Before the show began, the show paid tribute to \"\"Happy Days\"\" actress Erin Moran, who died two days earlier. \"\"Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Mandy Moore, Bruno Tonioli.\"\" The couples performed one unlearned dance, capturing the spirit of a specific movie genre. The couple with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15307002",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)\"\nonline contest is also usually held so that viewers can submit drawings of outfits for the performance. The show celebrated its 100th episode on Tuesday, May 6, 2008, during week 8 of season 6. More than 30 former cast members and pros returned, with interviews with Stacy Keibler, Lisa Rinna, Jerry Springer, Vivica A. Fox, Joey Fatone, Kenny Mayne, Sabrina Bryan, and former winners Kelly Monaco, Drew Lachey, and Apolo Anton Ohno. Other appearances, besides the season 6 cast, included Paula Abdul (in a video introduction), Jane Seymour, Ian Ziering, Mark Cuban, Wayne Newton, Leeza Gibbons, Harry Hamlin, Shandi Finnessey,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6733555",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 16)\"\nseason 16 include Chelsie Hightower, Louis van Amstel, Anna Trebunskaya, and Maksim Chmerkovskiy (he eventually returned for season 18 and won). Lindsay Arnold, a contestant from season nine of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" was introduced as a new professional along with Troupe member Sharna Burgess. Gleb Savchenko, who recently participated as a professional on season twelve of the Australian version, was also announced as a new professional. Witney Carson, also a contestant from season nine of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\", and Julian Tocker joined Oksana Dmytrenko, Henry Byalikov, Emma Slater, and Sasha Farber as the fifth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8879186",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 16)\"\nThey then performed simultaneously with those professional dancers. Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Anna Trebunskaya, Chelsie Hightower, Tony Dovolani and Tristan MacManus were among the pros returning as well as Henry Byalikov, Emma Slater, Sasha Farber and Witney Carson from the troupe. Each couple performed to a song by Stevie Wonder. Hunter Hayes performed a duet with Wonder for an opening performance. Each couple also performed a team dance picked by the highest scoring couples Zendaya and Val (Team Paso doble) and Kellie and Derek (Team Samba). Each couple danced to a Latin hit. After having danced, the top scoring couple was saved",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19813757",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 14)\"\nand Hines Ward won season twelve. The 12 celebrities and professional dancers who competed were: All the professionals from season 13 returned—except for Lacey Schwimmer, who was replaced by Chelsie Hightower. Two new professionals were added into the Dance Troupe: Henry Byalikov and Emma Slater. They joined Sharna Burgess, Kiki Nyemchek, Oksana Dmyrtenko, and Sasha Farber. There was one dance for each finalist that they did not perform: Donald Driver did not perform the salsa, William Levy did not perform the waltz, and Katherine Jenkins did not perform an individual tango (Jenkins only did the tango for team dances in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_961
|
who proclaimed 5th october as world’s teachers day?
|
n/a
|
[
"UNESCO/ILO"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8382531",
"chunk_text": "\"World Teachers' Day\"\nWorld Teachers' Day World Teachers' Day, also known as International Teachers Day, is held annually on October 5. Established in 1994, it commemorates the signing of the 1966 UNESCO/ILO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers, which is a standard-setting instrument that addresses the status and situations of teachers around the world. This recommendation outlines standards relating to education personnel policy, recruitment, and initial training as well as the continuing education of teachers, their employment, and working conditions. World Teachers' Day aims to focus on \"\"appreciating, assessing and improving the educators of the world\"\" and to provide an opportunity to consider",
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"chunk_text": "\"World Teachers' Day\"\nfor instance, prepare an occasion for teachers during this day. More than 100 countries commemorate World Teachers' Day and each holds its own celebrations such as the case of India, which has been commemorating Teachers' Day every 5th of September. World Teachers' Day World Teachers' Day, also known as International Teachers Day, is held annually on October 5. Established in 1994, it commemorates the signing of the 1966 UNESCO/ILO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers, which is a standard-setting instrument that addresses the status and situations of teachers around the world. This recommendation outlines standards relating to education personnel policy,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan\"\nwest, and earned a reputation as a bridge-builder between India and the West. Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life, including a knighthood in 1931, the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, in 1954, and honorary membership of the British Royal Order of Merit in 1963. He was also one of the founders of Helpage India, a non profit organisation for elderly underprivileged in India. Radhakrishnan believed that \"\"teachers should be the best minds in the country\"\". Since 1962, his birthday is being celebrated in India as Teachers' Day on 5 September. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was born",
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"chunk_text": "\"World Teachers' Day\"\nissues related to teachers and teaching. To celebrate World Teachers' Day, the UNESCO and Education International (EI) mounts a campaign each year to help give the world better understanding of teachers and the role they play in the development of students and society. They partner with the private sector such as media organizations to achieve this purpose. The campaign focus on different themes for every year. For instance, \"\"Empowering Teachers” is the theme for 2017. This was the year World Teachers' Day commemorated the 20th anniversary of the 1997 UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Status of Higher-Education Teaching Personnel, bringing the",
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"chunk_text": "\"World Teachers' Day\"\nsometimes-neglected area of teaching personnel at Higher Education institutions into the conversation about the status of teachers. For 2018, the UNESCO adopted the theme: \"\"The right to education means the right to a qualified teacher.” It commemorates the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and serves as a reminder that the right to education cannot be realized without trained and qualified teachers. The UNESCO cites that everyone can help by celebrating the profession, by generating awareness about teacher issues and by ensuring that teacher respect is part of the natural order of things. Schools and students,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan\"\nbackground in the Congress Party, nor was he active in the struggle against British rules. He was the \"\"politician in shadow\"\". His motivation lay in his pride of Hindu culture, and the defence of Hinduism against \"\"uninformed Western criticism\"\". According to Brown, When he became the President of India, some of his students and friends requested him to allow them to celebrate his birthday, on 5 September. He replied, Instead of celebrating my birthday, it would be my proud privilege if September 5th is observed as Teachers' Day. His birthday has since been celebrated as Teachers' Day in India. Along",
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"chunk_text": "\"Visakha Valley School\"\nwith the District Collector as the chief guest and Sailaja Rao as the guest of honour. During these programmes, the principal of the school reads the school annual report. 5 September, the birthday of the second President of India, academic philosopher Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan is celebrated as Teachers' Day. It is considered a \"\"celebration\"\" day, where teachers and students report to school but the usual activities and classes are replaced by activities of celebration, thanks, and remembrance. The responsibility of teaching is taken up by the senior students to show appreciation for their teachers. Students come dressed in colorful sarees",
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"chunk_text": "\"National Award for Teachers (India)\"\nNational Award for Teachers (India) National Award for Teachers is the National award to the Teachers awarded by the President of India on 5 September (Teacher's Day) every year to give public recognition to meritorious teachers working in primary, middle and secondary schools in India. A similar recognition for university teacher has been instituted in 2015 in the form of Inspired Teacher recognition. Instituted in 1958, there are 366 awards out of which 20 awards are reserved for Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic teachers. Each State/Union Territory/Organization has an earmarked quota based on the number of teachers. The Scheme also covers",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
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"chunk_text": "\"International Day of Non-Violence\"\nInternational Day of Non-Violence The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on 2 October, the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. This day is referred to in India as \"\"Gandhi Jayanti\"\". In January 2004, Iranian Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi had taken a proposal for an International Day of Non-Violence from a Hindi teacher in Paris teaching international students to the World Social Forum in Mumbai. The idea gradually attracted the interest of some leaders of India's Congress Party (\"\"Ahimsa Finds Teen Voice\"\", The Telegraph, Calcutta) until a Satyagraha Conference resolution in New Delhi in January 2007, initiated by Indian National Congress President",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "3164121",
"chunk_text": "\"National Award for Teachers (India)\"\nIn 2014, the principal of Al Ameer English School Ajman, S.J.Jacob was given this award. National Award for Teachers (India) National Award for Teachers is the National award to the Teachers awarded by the President of India on 5 September (Teacher's Day) every year to give public recognition to meritorious teachers working in primary, middle and secondary schools in India. A similar recognition for university teacher has been instituted in 2015 in the form of Inspired Teacher recognition. Instituted in 1958, there are 366 awards out of which 20 awards are reserved for Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic teachers. Each State/Union",
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"chunk_id": "19992767",
"chunk_text": "Gadaw\nsuch as writers and actors. The collective \"\"gadaw\"\" of teachers is called a \"\"hsaya gadaw pwe\"\" () or more formally \"\"acariya puja pwe\"\" or \"\"asariya puzaw pwe\"\" (), usually done formally during the month of Thadingyut (or World Teachers' Day on 5 October) by students or alumni at schools and universities throughout the country. During the time of the Burmese monarchy, a ritualized \"\"gadaw\"\" ceremony called the \"\"gadaw pwedaw\"\" () was practised at least three times a year at the royal palace, by tributary chieftains and rulers as well as subjects to the king, as a symbolic form of allegiance.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"School holiday\"\n15 : Independence Day October 2 : Gandhi Jayanti (Birthday of Mahatma Gandhi ) In Indonesia, there are three main school holidays: Beside the main holidays, there are many small holidays which takes place for 1–2 days, such as the Independence Day, religious breaks, and Teacher's Day. In Japan, school holidays take place from late March to early April, from the late July until early September, and over the Christmas and New Year period from December 24 to January 7. Additionally there is a full holiday week in May called \"\"Golden Week.\"\" Summer vacations and winter vacations are usually similar",
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"chunk_text": "\"National Education Day (India)\"\nNational Education Day (India) National Education Day is an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year. The Ministry of Human Resource Development announced on 11th September 2008, \"\"The Ministry has decided to commemorate the birthday of this great son of India by recalling his contribution to the cause of education in India. November 11 every year, from 2008 onwards, will be celebrated as the",
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"chunk_id": "906873",
"chunk_text": "\"Vinoba Bhave\"\nVinoba Bhave Vinayak Narahari \"\"Vinoba\"\" Bhave (; 11 September 1895 – 15 November 1982) was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights. Often called \"\"Acharya\"\" (Sanskrit for teacher), he is best known for the Bhoodan Movement. He is considered as a \"\"National Teacher of India\"\" and the spiritual successor of Mohandas Gandhi. Vinayaka Narahari Bhave was born on 11 September 1895 in a small village called Gagoji (present day Gagode Budruk) in Kolaba in the Konkan region of what is now Maharashtra. Vinayaka was the eldest son of Narahari Shambhu Rao and Rukmini Devi. The couple had five children;",
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"chunk_text": "\"Confucius' Birthday\"\nwith many people in traditional costumes. Tourists are welcome to attend and enter the tombs of Confucius and his descendants, as well as explore his hometown and the Confucius Temple. Confucius' Birthday Confucius’ Birthday (, Mandarin ）, falls on the 27th day of the eighth lunar month of the Chinese calendar. It is officially celebrated on Taiwan as \"\"Teachers' Day\"\" on September 28th, and in Hong Kong on the third Sunday of September as \"\"Confucius Day\"\", though the traditional date is also often observed. Mainland China observes a \"\"Teachers' Day\"\" on September 10th to celebrate the efforts of today's teachers,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_text": "\"Jean-Baptiste de La Salle\"\nin the General Roman Calendar in 1904 for celebration on 15 May. Because of his life and inspirational writings, Pope Pius XII proclaimed him patron saint of teachers on 15 May 1950. In the 1969 revision of the Church calendar, Pope Paul VI moved his feast day to 7 April, the day of his death or birth to heaven, his \"\"dies natalis\"\". De La Salle was a pioneer in programs for training lay teachers. Of his writings on education, Matthew Arnold remarked: “Later works on the same subject have little improved the , about 3,800 Brothers and 92,000 lay and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Open Minds - A Birla School\"\nof office in a colourful yet solemn Investiture ceremony. The School Pupil Leaders for Boys and Girls make their maiden speech on this occasion.The academic year 2017-18's Investiture Ceremony took place on 7 July 2017. Independence day is celebrated very grandly. There are inter-house cultural competitions and each house is given a topic to perform- usually related to the theme \"\"India\"\" and then the winners are declared. This is the day for the Cabinet to show off their abilities. September 5 of every year is celebrated as Teachers' Day all over India in the memory of former President Dr. Sarvepalli",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "15436861",
"chunk_text": "\"Teachers Without Borders\"\nTeachers Without Borders Teachers Without Borders (\"\"TWB\"\") is an international organization launched in 2000, with a mission to connect teachers to information and each other in order to close the education divide and based upon the premise that teachers are community change agents and key catalysts of global development priorities. The organization was founded by Dr. Fred Mednick Teachers Without Borders received the 2018 Luxembourg Peace Prize for Outstanding Peace Education, recognized for a free Peace Education program involving teachers from regions in conflict, for having embedded peace education into all TWB courses (see below), and its Voice of Teachers",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Abul Kalam Azad\"\nactor Virendra Razdan in the 1982 biographical film, \"\"Gandhi\"\", directed by Richard Attenborough. His birthday, 11 November is celebrated as National Education Day in India. Abul Kalam Azad Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad (; 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar, activist and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the First Minister of Education in the Indian government Minister of Human Resource Development (until 25 September 1958, Ministry of Education) . He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad;",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "714913",
"chunk_text": "\"School Day of Non-violence and Peace\"\nSchool Day of Non-violence and Peace The School Day of Non-violence and Peace (or DENIP, acronym from Catalan-Balearic: \"\"Dia Escolar de la No-violència i la Pau\"\"), is an observance founded by the Spanish poet \"\"Llorenç Vidal Vidal\"\" in Majorca in 1964 as a starting point and support for a pacifying and non-violent education of a permanent character. Different as the first proposed by the UNESCO \"\"Armistice Day\"\" in 1948, the \"\"School Day of Non-violence and Peace\"\" (DENIP) is observed on January 30 or thereabouts every year, on the anniversary of the death of Mahatma Gandhi, in schools all over the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
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"chunk_text": "\"National Education Day (India)\"\nevaluating the country's current performance in the field.It is also seen as an opportunity to improve the current situation of education in India . National Education Day (India) National Education Day is an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year. The Ministry of Human Resource Development announced on 11th September 2008, \"\"The Ministry has decided to commemorate the birthday of this great son of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "13909108",
"chunk_text": "\"World Book Day\"\nWorld Book Day World Book Day or World Book and Copyright Day (also known as International Day of the Book or World Book Days) is a yearly event on April 23rd, organized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), to promote reading, publishing and copyright. In the United Kingdom, the day is recognized on the first Thursday in March. World Book Day was celebrated for the first time on 23 April 1995. The original idea was of the Valencian writer Vicente Clavel Andrés as a way to honour the author Miguel de Cervantes, first on 7 October,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
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"chunk_id": "13530643",
"chunk_text": "\"World Poetry Day\"\nWorld Poetry Day World Poetry Day is celebrated on 21 March, and was declared by UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in 1999. Its purpose is to promote the reading, writing, publishing and teaching of poetry throughout the world and, as the original UNESCO declaration says, to \"\"give fresh recognition and impetus to national, regional and international poetry movements\"\". It was generally celebrated in October, but in the latter part of the 20th century the world community celebrated it on the 15th, the birthday of Virgil, the Roman epic poet and poet laureate under Augustus. The tradition",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Abul Kalam Azad\"\nAbul Kalam Azad Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad (; 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar, activist and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the First Minister of Education in the Indian government Minister of Human Resource Development (until 25 September 1958, Ministry of Education) . He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad; the word Maulana is an honorific meaning 'Our Master', and he had adopted \"\"Azad\"\" (\"\"Free\"\") as his pen name. His contribution to establishing the education",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "16285187",
"chunk_text": "\"International Literacy Day\"\nInternational Literacy Day 8 September was declared international literacy day by UNESCO on 26 October 1966 at 14th session of UNESCO's General conference. It was celebrated for the first time in 1967. Its aim is to highlight the importance of literacy to individuals, communities and societies. Celebrations take place in several countries. Some 775 million adults lack minimum literacy skills; one in five adults are still not literate and two-thirds of them are women; 60.7 million children are out-of-school and many more attend irregularly or drop out. According to UNESCO’s \"\"Global Monitoring Report on Education for All (2006)\"\", South Asia",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "4301345",
"chunk_text": "\"Ki Hajar Dewantara\"\ndied in Yogyakarta on April 26, 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery. In recognition for his dedication and accomplishments in pioneering public education in Indonesia, he was declared as the Father of Indonesian National Education, a national hero, and his birthday is appointed as the National Education Day, through Presidential Decree no. 305 of 1959, dated November 28, 1959. Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was built to commemorate, preserve and promote the thought, values and ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the founder of Taman Siswa. In this museum, there are",
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"chunk_text": "\"Jiddu Krishnamurti Schools\"\nof social change. Krishnamurti asserted that the schools functioning under the auspices of the Krishnamurti Foundation India (KFI), and others started independently by his supporters, did not exist as organizations for the indoctrination of children, but rather as places ‘where students and teachers can flower, and where a future generation can be prepared because schools are meant for that. Krishnamurti supporters founded several schools around the world. When asked, Krishnamurti enumerated the following as his educational aims: Jiddu Krishnamurti Schools Jiddu Krishnamurti ( or ; 11 May 1895 – 17 February 1986) was a philosopher, educationist, speaker and writer. His",
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"chunk_text": "\"Education International\"\nthe United Nations, UNESCO and the ILO to study the problems of teachers throughout the world, and focused much of its attention on Africa and Asia. For the first 15 years of its existence, the WCOTP worked heavily on a draft UNESCO instrument which would create a consensus on the status, salaries, and protections teachers should have. The final document, \"\"Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers,\"\" was adopted by UNESCO on October 5, 1966. The IFFTU and WCOTP remained strong rivals, each organization's policies and actions often reflecting the rivalry between the NEA and AFT (which were their respective secretariat's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Odhavram\nOdhavram Odhavram (4 October 1889 – 13 January 1957) was an Indian religious teacher and a follower of Mohandas Gandhi. He campaigned for education, the poor, and the rights of Dalits. Odhavram was born in Jakhau, a small village located on the west coast of Gujarat, India in District Kutchh. He was born in a Bhanushali family on the auspicious day of Hindu festival of \"\"Ram Navami\"\" in 1889, he was named \"\"Udhav\"\". His parents were mother Chaagbai & father Hemraj. Udhav had one elder brother & two sisters. As a kid Udhav was special. He did behave as a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "13530644",
"chunk_text": "\"World Poetry Day\"\nto keep an October date for national or international poetry day celebrations still holds in many countries. The United Kingdom generally uses the first Thursday in October, which in 2018 falls on October 4, but elsewhere a different October, or even sometimes a November date, is celebrated. World Poetry Day World Poetry Day is celebrated on 21 March, and was declared by UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in 1999. Its purpose is to promote the reading, writing, publishing and teaching of poetry throughout the world and, as the original UNESCO declaration says, to \"\"give fresh recognition",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
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"chunk_text": "\"Teacher's Oath\"\nTeacher's Oath The Teacher's Oath is an oath taken in some countries by teachers. Since 1863, nearly two-thirds of the states have adopted loyalty oaths for teachers. The Massachusetts Teachers' Oath was a loyalty oath required to teach in Massachusetts from 1935 to 1967. In 1993, the German educator designed the Socratic Oath, which is supposed to be a set of professional guidelines for educators, teachers and paedagogues. Today there are many different versions of the Teacher's Oath, for example the Comenius Oath in Finland, Teachers' Oath Taking in Philippines, Abdul Kalam Teachers Oath in India, Teachers Pledge in Singapore",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"World Education Games\"\nof World Education Games. The complete list of various prizes and cups over the years can be found in the official website of World Education Games World Education Games The World Education Games (WEG) is a Global Online Event for all schools and students around the world and is held semi annually during the month of October. It is the expanded format of what was once known as World Maths Day but it now includes World Literacy Day and World Science Day too. It is organized by the 3PLearning and sponsored by Microsoft, UNICEF, 3P Learning and MACQUARIE. The World",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"World Federation of Teachers Unions\"\nbook with the proceedings. It held meetings with trade unionists teachers from different countries and unions: Cuba, Germany, Egypt, Palestine, Greece, Italy, Mexico, etc. FISE publishes every year announcements and posters useful for every trade union, concerning the International Workers’ May Day (May 1), the International Teachers Day, the International Women's Day (March 8), the Day of the Anti-fascist Victory of Peoples (May 9), the day against violence towards women, against child labour, for the refugees, the xenophobia and racism, and other relevant topics or subjects of commemoration. It particularly focuses on the expression of concrete solidarity. It denounced the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Abul Kalam Azad\"\nsystem with free primary education and modern institutions of higher education. He is also credited with the establishment of the Indian Institutes of Technology and the foundation of the University Grants Commission, an important institution to supervise and advance higher education throughout the country. National Education Day (India) an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year in India. He also worked for Hindu-Muslim unity",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "Odhavram\nhim and became Valdas. Valdas started serving mankind & followed the path laid by Odhavram. Odhavram returned to Vandhai and died on 13 January 1957. Odhavram Odhavram (4 October 1889 – 13 January 1957) was an Indian religious teacher and a follower of Mohandas Gandhi. He campaigned for education, the poor, and the rights of Dalits. Odhavram was born in Jakhau, a small village located on the west coast of Gujarat, India in District Kutchh. He was born in a Bhanushali family on the auspicious day of Hindu festival of \"\"Ram Navami\"\" in 1889, he was named \"\"Udhav\"\". His parents",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Children's Day (India)\"\nChildren's Day (India) Children's Day is celebrated across India to increase awareness of the rights, care and education of children. It is celebrated on 14 November every year. On this day, many educational and motivational programs are held across India, by and for children. The celebration of Children's Day in India dates back to 1956. Prior to the death of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, India was celebrating Children's Day on November 20 (the date observed as Universal Children's Day by the United Nations). After the death of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, it was unanimously decided to celebrate his birthday as Children's",
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"chunk_text": "\"International Day of Non-Violence\"\nat the Permanent Mission of India to the UN. The boxed pictorial cachet design was prepared by the UNPA and was limited to cancellation at UNPA's NY location (not Geneva and Vienna). The UNPA has indicated that all outgoing UNPA mail between 2 and 31 October carried the cachet. International Day of Non-Violence The International Day of Non-Violence is observed on 2 October, the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. This day is referred to in India as \"\"Gandhi Jayanti\"\". In January 2004, Iranian Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi had taken a proposal for an International Day of Non-Violence from a Hindi teacher",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Education in Argentina\"\nare a significant number of private schools and universities. The education in Argentina known as the \"\"Latin American docta\"\" has had a convoluted history. There was no effective education plan until President Domingo Sarmiento (1868–1874) placed emphasis on bringing Argentina up-to-date with practices in developed countries. Sarmiento encouraged the immigration and settling of European educators and built schools and public libraries throughout the country, in a programme that doubled the enrollment of students during his term; in Argentina, Teacher's Day (on September 11) commemorates his death. The first national laws mandating universal, compulsory, free and secular education (Law 1420 of",
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"chunk_text": "\"School Day of Non-violence and Peace\"\nworld. In countries with a Southern Hemisphere school calendar, it can be observed on 30 March. Its basic and permanent message is: \"\"\"\"Universal love, non-violence and peace. Universal love is better than egoism, non-violence is better than violence, and peace is better than war\"\"\"\". In Navarra the slogan for the 2009 was \"\"above all, we are friends\"\" (Spanish:\"\"\"\"Por encima de todo, somos amigos\"\"\"\"). DENIP and World Association of Early Childhood Educators (AMEI-WAECE) collaborate to celebrate this event in the schools of the latter worldwide. Former Director-General of UNESCO, Federico Mayor Zaragoza, has been promoting during decades the School Day of",
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"chunk_id": "6292047",
"chunk_text": "\"Pandurang Sadashiv Sane\"\nPandurang Sadashiv Sane Pandurang Sadashiv Sane (; ; 24 December 1899 – 11 June 1950), also known as \"\"Sane Guruji\"\" (Guruji meaning \"\"respected teacher\"\") by his students and followers, was a Marathi author, teacher, social activist and freedom fighter from Maharashtra, India. He is referred to as the National Teacher of India. Sane was born on 24 December 1899 to Sadashivrao and Yashodabai Sane in Palgad village near Dapoli town, Bombay State in British India (in present-day Ratnagiri district of the Konkan region of Maharashtra state). He was their third child and second son. His father, Sadashivrao, was a revenue",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3275704",
"chunk_text": "\"Savitribai Phule\"\nPhule in 2018. Notes Citations Savitribai Phule Savitribai Jyotirao Phule (3 January 1831 – 10 March 1897) was an Indian social reformer, educationalist and poet. She is regarded as the first lady teacher of India. Along with her husband, Jyotirao Phule, she played an important role in improving women's rights in India during British rule. Phule, along with her husband founded the first girls' school in Pune ran by native Indians at Bhide Wada in 1848. She worked to abolish the discrimination and unfair treatment of people based on caste and gender. She is regarded as an important figure of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20935304",
"chunk_text": "\"Confucius' Birthday\"\nConfucius' Birthday Confucius’ Birthday (, Mandarin ）, falls on the 27th day of the eighth lunar month of the Chinese calendar. It is officially celebrated on Taiwan as \"\"Teachers' Day\"\" on September 28th, and in Hong Kong on the third Sunday of September as \"\"Confucius Day\"\", though the traditional date is also often observed. Mainland China observes a \"\"Teachers' Day\"\" on September 10th to celebrate the efforts of today's teachers, and there is a legislative effort underway to move that to September 28th. Many countries with Confucian cultures hold commemorations each year, especially mainland China, Macau, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16547769",
"chunk_text": "\"Children's Day\"\nabout children's right on 20 November which is the declared Universal Children’s Day by United Nation. After this movement gained a lot of attraction, Bangladesh started celebrating, Children's Day on 17 March on the birthday of the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In Bosnia & Herzegovina, Children's Day was established as a holiday in 1993. In Brazil, Children's Day (In Portuguese: Dia das Crianças) is celebrated on 12 October, coinciding with Our Lady of Aparecida's day, the country's Patron Saint holiday. It is also the day of the discovery of America (Columbus Day), in reference to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11957180",
"chunk_text": "\"Open Minds - A Birla School\"\nRadhakrishnan. In what is probably the most festive celebration of the year, students show their appreciation to their teachers. Sports and games are held for the teachers and prizes are given away. Every classroom has an individual celebration for about an hour before the whole school assembles to celebrate the event. The organization of the event in its entirety is taken up by the School Cabinet and the Class Leaders. November 14 of every year,the Children's Day marking the birth day of the first Prime minister of the Independent India, Pundit Jawarhar Lal Nehru is celebrated by the school with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3253798",
"chunk_text": "\"Little Flower High School, Hyderabad\"\nHouse system. The student body is split into four houses, the student of the house wears the badge of the house. At the beginning of every academic year, the newly elected School Student Cabinet and class leaders,house leaders take the oath of office in a colourful yet solemn Investiture ceremony. The School Pupil Leaders for Boys and Girls make their maiden speech on this occasion.The academic year 2010-11's Investiture Ceremony took place on 3 July 2010. September 5 of every year is celebrated as Teachers' Day all over India in the memory of former President Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. In what",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8548582",
"chunk_text": "TeachersCount\nTeachersCount TeachersCount is a U.S. 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded in 2001 by Diana Burroughs, who became the organization’s Executive Director, and Dini von Mueffling, who became a Board member. Its mission is to promote the teaching professions and to provide resources to teachers. The offices of TeachersCount are located in New York City. The campaign consists of full-page print public service announcements in major mass-market magazines. Each features a celebrity and his or her favorite teacher. The campaign is supported by Time Inc., which has donated the ad space, and Jones New York In The Classroom, which covers the production",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13806889",
"chunk_text": "\"National Education Day (India)\"\nNational Education Day, without declaring it a holiday.\"\"Educational institutions at all levels across the country celebrate November 11 as the ‘National Education Day’ by the way of Seminars, symposia, essay-writing, elocution competitions, workshops and rallies with banner cards and slogans on the importance of literacy and the nation's commitment to all aspects of education. The objective of celebrating National Education Day is described as strengthening India's educational institutions, and to raising the quality of education. It is also seen as an occasion to remember Maulana Azad's contribution in laying the foundations of the education system in an independent India, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9769550",
"chunk_text": "\"Savitribai Phule\"\nSavitribai Phule Savitribai Jyotirao Phule (3 January 1831 – 10 March 1897) was an Indian social reformer, educationalist and poet. She is regarded as the first lady teacher of India. Along with her husband, Jyotirao Phule, she played an important role in improving women's rights in India during British rule. Phule, along with her husband founded the first girls' school in Pune ran by native Indians at Bhide Wada in 1848. She worked to abolish the discrimination and unfair treatment of people based on caste and gender. She is regarded as an important figure of the social reform movement in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7675026",
"chunk_text": "\"Zalmon Richards\"\nZalmon Richards Zalmon Richards (August 11, 1811 – November 1, 1899) was an American educator from Washington, D.C. He is best known as one of the founders and the first president of the National Teachers Association, now known as the National Education Association. Richards also played a large role in Congress passing a bill creating the Office of Education, precursor to the Department of Education. His former home in Washington, D.C. was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965. Zalmon was born in 1811 in Cummington, Massachusetts, to Nehemiah and Elizabeth (\"\"née\"\" Packard) Richards. Regarding his unusual first name, Zalmon",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8919751",
"chunk_text": "\"World Federation of Teachers Unions\"\nParis but was expelled in 1952 for \"\"fifth column activities\"\". It then moved to the Soviet sector of Vienna, but was expelled, again, in February 1956. The location of the headquarters immediately after the expulsion from Vienna is unclear, though FISEs' journal \"\"Teachers of the World\"\" was published from 10 Rue de Solférino, Paris 7ème. In 1978 its headquarters is reported at Wilhelm Wolff Strasse 21, East Berlin 111. It was at the same address in 1985. Its current headquarters is at 6/6 Kalicharan Ghosh Road, 700 050, Kolkata, India. After the 18th Congress of FISE is currently located in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_962
|
when does season 6 of the next step start?
|
n/a
|
[
"2018"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "5423097",
"chunk_text": "\"The Next Step (2013 TV series)\"\nwould return for a fifth season, which premiered on May 26, 2017. The series has been renewed for a sixth season of 26 episodes which premiered in Canada on September 29, 2018. The series premiere of \"\"The Next Step\"\" set ratings records for Family, with at least 574,000 viewers on its initial broadcast—which set a record for Family's highest-rated original series premiere. On January 8, 2014, BBC Worldwide licensed the series to several international broadcasters, including ABC Me in Australia, Hulu in the United States, and CBBC in the United Kingdom. In Canada, the show also airs on Vrak in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9205387",
"chunk_text": "\"Six (TV series)\"\nSix (TV series) Six (stylized as SIX) is an American television drama series. The series was ordered by the History channel with an eight-episode initial order. The first two episodes were directed by Lesli Linka Glatter. \"\"Six\"\" premiered on January 18, 2017. \"\"Six\"\" was renewed for a second season of 10 episodes on February 23, 2017, which premiered on May 28, 2018, with the second new episode airing during its regular timeslot on May 30, 2018. On June 29, History announced they had cancelled the series after two seasons. The series chronicles the operations and daily lives of operators who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "833724",
"chunk_text": "\"Chicago Fire (season 6)\"\nChicago Fire (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"Chicago Fire\"\", an American drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas and Matt Olmstead, was ordered on May 10, 2017, by NBC. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 with a timeslot change from Tuesday at 10:00 p.m. to Thursday at 10:00 p.m. The season contained twenty-three episodes and concluded on May 10, 2018. The show follows the lives of the firefighters and paramedics working at the Chicago Fire Department at the firehouse of Engine 51, Truck 81, Squad 3, Ambulance 61 and Battalion 25. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude>",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13912884",
"chunk_text": "\"Chicago Fire (season 6)\"\nLive +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead. Chicago Fire (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"Chicago Fire\"\", an American drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Derek Haas and Matt Olmstead, was ordered on May 10, 2017, by NBC. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 with a timeslot change from Tuesday at 10:00 p.m. to Thursday at 10:00 p.m. The season contained twenty-three episodes and concluded on May 10, 2018. The show follows the lives of the firefighters and paramedics working at the Chicago Fire Department at the firehouse",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16951723",
"chunk_text": "\"A Place to Call Home (season 6)\"\nA Place to Call Home (season 6) The sixth and final season (also known as A Place to Call Home: The Final Chapter) of the Seven Network television series \"\"A Place to Call Home\"\" premiered on Showcase 19 August 2018. The series is produced by Chris Martin-Jones, and executive produced by Penny Win and Julie McGauran. On 6 December 2017, Foxtel announced that \"\"A Place to Call Home\"\" had been renewed for a sixth season. It was later announced, on 19 March 2018 that the 10-episode sixth season would be the series' last. Production on the sixth season began on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3131930",
"chunk_text": "\"The Next Step (2013 TV series)\"\nS1 and S1.5), and a four episode season finale. Special content was also going to be available, including \"\"The Next Step Interactive\"\". Filming began July 12, 2012 in Toronto, Ontario. On April 9, 2013, Family announced that it had renewed the series for a second season. On May 5, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered on March 16, 2015. On April 16, 2015, it was announced that the series would return for a fourth season, which premiered on February 15, 2016. On March 21, 2016, Frank van Keeken announced on Instagram that \"\"The Next Step\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16848366",
"chunk_text": "\"House of Cards (season 6)\"\nHouse of Cards (season 6) The sixth and final season of the American political drama web television series \"\"House of Cards\"\" was confirmed by Netflix on December 4, 2017, and was released on November 2, 2018. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of thirteen episodes each, the sixth season consists of only eight. The season does not include former lead actor Kevin Spacey, who was fired from the show due to sexual misconduct allegations. On October 11, 2017, \"\"The Baltimore Sun\"\" reported that \"\"House of Cards\"\" had been renewed for a sixth season and that filming would begin by the end",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16951726",
"chunk_text": "\"A Place to Call Home (season 6)\"\nto a defining and memorable ending.\"\" The series' Script Executive, Bevan Lee stated \"\"Season 6 truly completes my vision for the series. I promise to bring the show to its finale on a wave of tears, laughter and most importantly, closure.\"\" Season six will take place in 1959. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> A Place to Call Home (season 6) The sixth and final season (also known as A Place to Call Home: The Final Chapter) of the Seven Network television series \"\"A Place to Call Home\"\" premiered on Showcase 19 August 2018. The series is produced by Chris Martin-Jones, and executive produced by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2794145",
"chunk_text": "\"Braxton Family Values (season 6)\"\nWE tv announced that the remainder of the season would begin to air on August 16, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Braxton Family Values (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"Braxton Family Values\"\", an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on March 22, 2018, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. \"\"Braxton Family Values\"\" focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina —",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6438221",
"chunk_text": "\"The Americans (season 6)\"\nThe Americans (season 6) The sixth and final season of the American television drama series \"\"The Americans\"\", comprising 10 episodes, premiered on FX on March 28, 2018, The final season was announced in May 2016, when the series received a two-season renewal to conclude the series.<ref name=\"\"5/6Renew\"\"></ref> The series moved back to its original time slot, Wednesdays at 10:00pm, after airing on Tuesdays the previous season. The events of the sixth season begin in late September 1987, three years after the conclusion of season five. The work of American artist Alyssa Monks was used as the artwork of Miriam Shor's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19373422",
"chunk_text": "\"Younger (season 5)\"\nby Charles Michael Davis, who was promoted to series regular. The fifth season is the first to feature a Christmas special episode. \"\"Younger\"\" was renewed for a sixth season on June 4, 2018 which will be the first season to air on the Paramount Network. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> \"\"Younger\"\" was renewed for a fifth season on April 20, 2017, ahead of the fourth season's premiere. The season started filming in February 2018. Foster has revealed that the season has a Christmas special installment and the premiere episode revolves around the Me Too movement. In February 2018, it was announced that Charles Michael",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
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"chunk_id": "9205389",
"chunk_text": "\"Six (TV series)\"\nre-shot. Also Christopher Backus had been cast, but left the project to be on the series \"\"Roadies\"\" before the series started shooting. Season two, which consists of 10 episodes, is being produced by a new production company, Six 2 North Productions Inc. Kimberly Peirce and Colin Bucksey are directors, with George Perkins the executive producer. Season two began filming on July 17, 2017, in Metro Vancouver, around Pemberton, and throughout British Columbia, and will complete filming on November 23, 2017. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 62% based on 13 reviews, with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16848382",
"chunk_text": "\"House of Cards (season 6)\"\nworst for last\"\". House of Cards (season 6) The sixth and final season of the American political drama web television series \"\"House of Cards\"\" was confirmed by Netflix on December 4, 2017, and was released on November 2, 2018. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of thirteen episodes each, the sixth season consists of only eight. The season does not include former lead actor Kevin Spacey, who was fired from the show due to sexual misconduct allegations. On October 11, 2017, \"\"The Baltimore Sun\"\" reported that \"\"House of Cards\"\" had been renewed for a sixth season and that filming would begin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18762748",
"chunk_text": "\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 6)\"\nout that the animated version had more purple accents in the costume and a darker, shorter hairstyle where the purple highlights \"\"[frame] her face\"\", compared to Bennet's \"\"softer highlights\"\". Quake's gauntlets remain similar from previous seasons. Filming for the season began on July 16, 2018, with Gregg returning to the series to direct the first episode of the season. Filming wrapped by December 18, 2018. The sixth season is set to begin airing in July 2019, running for 13 episodes on ABC. On holding the season until mid-2019, Dungey said, \"\"By putting it on the summer we feel we can",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9295426",
"chunk_text": "\"Scandal (season 6)\"\ncharacter was killed off in the eleventh episode. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an 80% approval rating with an average rating of 7.5/10 based on 10 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"As shocking and thrilling as ever, \"\"Scandal\"\" eases into its sixth season with as much confidence as Olivia Pope herself.\"\" Scandal (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series \"\"Scandal\"\" was ordered on March 3, 2016 by ABC. It began airing on January 26, 2017 in the United States on ABC. The season includes the 100th episode of the series, being the tenth episode",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1437186",
"chunk_text": "\"House Rules (season 6)\"\nHouse Rules (season 6) The sixth season of Australian reality television series House Rules began airing on 7 May 2018 and ended airing on 30 July 2018. The series was produced by the team who created the Seven reality show \"\"My Kitchen Rules\"\" and was hosted by Johanna Griggs. Season 6 was confirmed in June 2017 with Applications for the sixth season of House Rules open between 3 June & 31 August 2017 on the House Rules official network seven website. Season 6 was officially confirmed in October 2017. This season of \"\"House Rules\"\" consisted of new teams renovating each",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10409556",
"chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nAugust 14, 2018. On September 11, 2018, OWN announced the fourth half of the season, which premiered on October 2, 2018, on October 9, 2018, OWN announced the countdown to the season 6 finale, set to air November 6, 2018. The series has been renewed for a seventh season which is now filming. The seventh season is set to premiere on January 8, 2019. The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich, powerful, and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families (dubbed \"\"The Haves\"\") and the poor and destitute",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1437192",
"chunk_text": "\"House Rules (season 6)\"\njudged it as a pass and the team gained 5 points, meaning their score of 24 rose to 29 causing them to move to first place and Chiara & David to be eliminated. House Rules (season 6) The sixth season of Australian reality television series House Rules began airing on 7 May 2018 and ended airing on 30 July 2018. The series was produced by the team who created the Seven reality show \"\"My Kitchen Rules\"\" and was hosted by Johanna Griggs. Season 6 was confirmed in June 2017 with Applications for the sixth season of House Rules open between",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12683668",
"chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black (season 6)\"\nOrange Is the New Black (season 6) The sixth season of the American comedy-drama television series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" premiered on Netflix on July 27, 2018, at 12:00 am PDT in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 50 and 84 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\"\"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. This season takes place in a maximum security prison, after the inmates incite a riot at Litchfield Penitentiary during the previous season, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12683665",
"chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black (season 6)\"\nOrange Is the New Black (season 6) The sixth season of the American comedy-drama television series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" premiered on Netflix on July 27, 2018, at 12:00 am PDT in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 50 and 84 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\"\"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. This season takes place in a maximum security prison, after the inmates incite a riot at Litchfield Penitentiary during the previous season, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15444632",
"chunk_text": "\"The Checkout\"\nnew look, logo, opening theme and art, still retaining original cast and segments, returned for a sixth season on 30 January 2018. In July 2018, the series was cancelled, with the ABC's head of non-scripted production citing \"\"budget cuts and the relatively high cost of making the show\"\" as the reason for its cancellation. \"\"The Checkout\"\" features segments that examine the practices and methods of manufacturers, retailers, service providers and advertisers. Using a humorous style, the show highlights practices that are misleading, dishonest, unfair or occasionally even illegal or unethical. Often segments will target types of services or products rather",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16848374",
"chunk_text": "\"House of Cards (season 6)\"\n#MyTurn. On August 7, Netflix announced that the season would be released on November 2, 2018, and unveiled key art. The poster pays homage to the promotional image for the first season of the series, as Wright strikes the Lincoln Memorial pose, like Kevin Spacey had done before her. On August 27, four images were published via a press release, which depict new cast members Diane Lane, Greg Kinnear and Cody Fern in their roles as members of the Shepherd family. A teaser trailer released on September 5, revealed the fate of Frank Underwood, portrayed by Spacey who was fired",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9295417",
"chunk_text": "\"Scandal (season 6)\"\nScandal (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series \"\"Scandal\"\" was ordered on March 3, 2016 by ABC. It began airing on January 26, 2017 in the United States on ABC. The season includes the 100th episode of the series, being the tenth episode of this season. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season continues the story of Olivia Pope's crisis management firm, Olivia Pope & Associates, and its employees, as well as staff at the White House in Washington, D.C. Season six had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9295420",
"chunk_text": "\"Scandal (season 6)\"\npremiere during midseason, following a fall run of the new series \"\"Notorious\"\". Production began on July 13, 2016, with director and executive producer Tom Verica announcing that the crew was scouting for filming locations. The table read for the premiere was on July 26, 2016, with filming starting soon after. A teaser trailer was released on November 1, 2016 on YouTube. An official trailer for the sixth season was released by ABC on November 3, 2016. The season began airing on January 26, 2017. A promotional poster was released by ABC on November 29, 2016. On February 10, 2017, ABC",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20954770",
"chunk_text": "\"Mom (season 6)\"\nis also a recovering drug and alcohol addict. Other prominent characters in the series include the wise Marjorie (Mimi Kennedy), the wealthy and sometimes misguided Jill (Jaime Pressly), the overly emotional Wendy (Beth Hall) and Bonnie's wheelchair-bound fiance, Adam Janikowski (William Fichtner). The episodes are usually titled with two odd topics that are mentioned in that episode. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Mom (season 6) The sixth season of the sitcom \"\"Mom\"\" began on September 27, 2018 on CBS in the United States. The season is produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. Television, with series creators Chuck Lorre, Eddie Gorodetsky and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "190814",
"chunk_text": "\"The Goldbergs (season 6)\"\nBarry (Troy Gentile), and Adam (Sean Giambrone). ABC renewed \"\"The Goldbergs\"\" for its fifth and sixth seasons in May 2017. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Goldbergs (season 6) The sixth season of the American television comedy series \"\"The Goldbergs\"\" premiered on ABC on September 26, 2018. The season is produced by Adam F. Goldberg Productions, Happy Madison Productions, Doug Robinson Productions, and Sony Pictures Television, and the executive producers are Adam F. Goldberg, Doug Robinson, and Seth Gordon. The show explores the daily lives of the Goldberg Family; a family living in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania in the 1980s. Beverly Goldberg (Wendi McLendon-Covey), the overprotective",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20954769",
"chunk_text": "\"Mom (season 6)\"\nMom (season 6) The sixth season of the sitcom \"\"Mom\"\" began on September 27, 2018 on CBS in the United States. The season is produced by Chuck Lorre Productions and Warner Bros. Television, with series creators Chuck Lorre, Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker serving as executive producer. The series follows Christy Plunkett (Anna Faris), a single mother who—after dealing with her battle with alcoholism and drug addiction—decides to restart her life in Napa, California's wine country working as a waitress at the restaurant Rustic Fig and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. She lives with her mother Bonnie Plunkett (Allison Janney), who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10409555",
"chunk_text": "\"The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)\"\nthe series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "23212",
"chunk_text": "\"Where the Bears Are\"\ndangerous computer virus from ending up in the wrong hands and sniff out a mole from the agency. Meanwhile Wood's and Reggie's love life flares out, George gets engaged to a Sporting Wood model, and Reggie dumps Frank Coley. The sixth season premiered on August 31, 2017. It sees another madcap romp, with Nelson on trial for murder. The seventh and final season premiered on September 10, 2018. It consisted of 16 episodes with the series finale airing on November 1, 2018. Where the Bears Are Where the Bears Are is a comedy-mystery web series, which ran for seven seasons",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20460467",
"chunk_text": "\"The Next Food Network Star (season 6)\"\n\"\"Outrageous Food\"\", which began airing in November 2010. \"\"(In order of elimination)\"\" Original Air Date: June 6, 2010 Original Air Date: June 13, 2010 Original Air Date: June 20, 2010 Original Air Date: June 27, 2010 Original Air Date: July 11, 2010 Original Air Date: July 18, 2010 Original Air Date: July 25, 2010 Original Air Date: August 1, 2010 Original Air Date: August 8, 2010 Original Air Date: August 15, 2010 The Next Food Network Star (season 6) The sixth season of the American reality television series \"\"The Next Food Network Star\"\" premiered on Sunday, June 6, 2010. Food",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6651274",
"chunk_text": "\"Piper Kerman\"\n2017. The sixth season was released on July 27, 2018. \"\"Orange is the New Black\"\" has received critical acclaim and won four Emmy Awards. Kerman serves on the board of the Women's Prison Association and is frequently invited to speak to students of creative writing, criminology, gender and women's studies, law, and sociology, as well as to groups, such as the American Correctional Association's Disproportionate Minority Confinement Task Force, federal probation officers, public defenders, justice reform advocates and volunteers, book clubs, and formerly and currently incarcerated people. On February 10, 2014, Kerman received the 2014 Justice Trailblazer Award from the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9205390",
"chunk_text": "\"Six (TV series)\"\nan average rating of 6.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"\"\"Six's\"\" well-crafted action and engaging characters are intriguing in spite of the show's trite premise and familiar narrative.\"\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 54 out of 100 based on 14 critics, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". Six (TV series) Six (stylized as SIX) is an American television drama series. The series was ordered by the History channel with an eight-episode initial order. The first two episodes were directed by Lesli Linka Glatter. \"\"Six\"\" premiered on January 18, 2017. \"\"Six\"\" was renewed for a second season",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15216723",
"chunk_text": "\"Prison Break\"\nBlu-ray July 21, 2009. A nine-episode fifth season was announced by Fox in January 2016. The revival series, dubbed \"\"\"\", premiered on April 4, 2017, and aired on Tuesdays at 9:00 pm. The season concluded on May 30, 2017. On December 12, 2017, Dominic Purcell announced via Instagram that season 6 is \"\"in the works.\"\" Then on January 4, 2018, Fox officially confirmed that season 6 is in early development. The first season follows the rescue of Lincoln Burrows, who is accused of murdering Terrence Steadman, the brother of Vice President of the United States, Caroline Reynolds. Lincoln is sentenced",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9557216",
"chunk_text": "\"Rescue Me (U.S. TV series)\"\nand go for help. On June 16, 2009, the \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" website confirmed \"\"Rescue Me\"\" would return in 2010 for a ten-episode sixth season due to increased ratings. Season 6 premiered Tuesday, June 29 at 10 p.m. A Season 6 trailer was shown Tuesday, May 11, during FX's airing of \"\"Justified\"\". Season 6 deals with the aftermath of Tommy's near-death experience and the tangled web of bed-hopping between him and Janet and Sheila. Because Tommy realized that he went to hell when he died, he vows to change his ways, to stop drinking, and to be a better person,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11365493",
"chunk_text": "\"Modern Family (season 6)\"\nModern Family (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"Modern Family\"\" premiered on September 24, 2014 on ABC. The sixth season was ordered on May 18, 2014, by ABC. The show airs on ABC on Wednesday nights and is produced by Steven Levitan Productions and Picador Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television, with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as showrunners. On May 7, 2015, ABC renewed \"\"Modern Family\"\" for a seventh season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> \"\"Modern Family\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s sixth season received positive reviews from television critics, with some claiming it an improvement over the previous couple of seasons that had a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2794143",
"chunk_text": "\"Braxton Family Values (season 6)\"\nBraxton Family Values (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"Braxton Family Values\"\", an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on March 22, 2018, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. \"\"Braxton Family Values\"\" focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn. On July 19, 2017, Trina Braxton said in a radio interview with ET Cali",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7159281",
"chunk_text": "\"Koffee with Karan\"\nwas brought back and aired as the penultimate episode of the season with the finale, a best of episode, being aired on 19 March 2017. On 24 April 2018, Johar confirmed season 6 to be out in 2018 breaking the usual trend of a season every three years. On 18 August, Johar tweeted that the season premiere will air on 21 October 2018. On 21 October, the sixth season premiered with Deepika Padukone and Alia Bhatt as guests. In the third episode, Johar competed against guest Aamir Khan in the rapid fire round, while Malaika Arora appeared as a guest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19706309",
"chunk_text": "\"Teen Wolf (season 6)\"\nTeen Wolf (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"Teen Wolf\"\", an American supernatural drama created by Jeff Davis and to some extent based on the 1985 film of the same name, received an order of 20 episodes on July 9, 2015, and premiered on November 15, 2016. The second half of the season premiered on July 30, 2017. Unlike the previous season, instead of telling a single story, the season was split into two 10-episode arcs, following the same format of the third season. On July 21, 2016, the cast announced at Comic Con that the series would end after",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9327220",
"chunk_text": "\"Big Hero 6: The Series\"\n20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \"\"Kim Possible\"\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5423098",
"chunk_text": "\"The Next Step (2013 TV series)\"\nFrench. In August 2017, the U.S. rights to the series were sold to Universal Kids, with the network also becoming a production partner for the sixth season. Boat Rocker cited a reduction in funding for the series from DHX Media (owner of the series' Canadian broadcaster Family) as an impetus for the arrangement. The Next Step Interactive is the website component to \"\"The Next Step\"\". The website has an \"\"About the Show\"\", \"\"Dance Mashup\"\" and \"\"Aftershow\"\" section. The aftershow starts when the episode is finished. It is approximately 1–3 minutes long as only a part of the aftershow is premiered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "190813",
"chunk_text": "\"The Goldbergs (season 6)\"\nThe Goldbergs (season 6) The sixth season of the American television comedy series \"\"The Goldbergs\"\" premiered on ABC on September 26, 2018. The season is produced by Adam F. Goldberg Productions, Happy Madison Productions, Doug Robinson Productions, and Sony Pictures Television, and the executive producers are Adam F. Goldberg, Doug Robinson, and Seth Gordon. The show explores the daily lives of the Goldberg Family; a family living in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania in the 1980s. Beverly Goldberg (Wendi McLendon-Covey), the overprotective matriarch of the Goldbergs is married to Murray Goldberg (Jeff Garlin). They are the parents of three children, Erica (Hayley Orrantia),",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4119076",
"chunk_text": "\"Step Up: High Water\"\nat the 2017 Teen Choice Awards with a highly-choreographed dance routine. On December 19, 2017, YouTube released the first trailer for the series and announced that the show would premiere on January 31, 2018 with all ten episodes released at once. On January 30, 2018, YouTube partnered with Fathom Events for special screenings of the first episode of the series at more than 750 movie theaters. The event also included a screening of the original 2006 \"\"Step Up\"\" film that launched the five-film franchise, and a behind-the-scenes look at the making of the television series. In a positive review, Sonia",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15131470",
"chunk_text": "\"Below Deck\"\nwith another five new crew members. In April 2016, the network renewed \"\"Below Deck\"\" for a fourth season. On February 21, 2017, it was announced production filming for season 5 had begun. On February 22, 2017 it was announced that the production boat had sunk after its propeller hit something while arriving in the marina in the Caribbean while filming for season 5. On July 17, 2017, it was announced that the fifth season would premiere on September 5, 2017, with Lee Rosbach, Kate Chastain and Nico Scholly returning. The sixth season premiered on October 2, 2018. Lee Rosbach and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15479209",
"chunk_text": "\"Wentworth (season 6)\"\nWentworth (season 6) The sixth season of television drama series \"\"Wentworth\"\" premiered on Showcase in Australia on 19 June 2018 and concluded on 4 September 2018. It is executive produced by FremantleMedia's Director of Drama, Jo Porter. The season comprised 12 episodes. The sixth season picks up just days after the escape of Franky Doyle and Joan Ferguson. This season introduced three new characters portrayed by Leah Purcell, Susie Porter and Rarriwuy Hick. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On 9 May 2017, it was announced that FremantleMedia had renewed Wentworth for a sixth season, set to air in 2018. FremantleMedia's Director of Drama, Jo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7039768",
"chunk_text": "\"El Señor de los Cielos (season 6)\"\nrenewed the series for a seventh season during the \"\"Upfront\"\" for the 2018–19 television season. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> El Señor de los Cielos (season 6) The six season of \"\"El Señor de los Cielos\"\", an American television series created by Luis Zelkowicz, that premiered on Telemundo on May 8, 2018 and concluded on 24 September 2018. The season was ordered in May 2017. Aurelio Casillas recovered all the lost fortune and finally feels the need to retire. But it is time for retribution, the hatred that he sowed since he sold his soul to the drug trafficking demon is now knocking",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9536024",
"chunk_text": "\"Dead Hand (The Americans)\"\nDead Hand (The Americans) \"\"Dead Hand\"\" is the sixth season premiere of the American television drama series \"\"The Americans\"\", and the 66th overall episode of the series. It originally aired on March 28, 2018 in the United States on FX. In the three years between 1984 and 1987, Philip has become a full-time travel agent running an expanded Dupont Circle Travel, Henry attends boarding school and plays hockey, and Paige attends George Washington University in D.C. and is a Soviet agent in training (and also is practicing Russian by watching a Soviet movie with Elizabeth and Claudia). Stan has married",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20757187",
"chunk_text": "\"Drop Dead Diva (season 6)\"\nguest starred as Billy Donaldson, a man who hires Jane to help his brother, in the second episode. Janel Parrish will guest star in the fifth episode as a cheerleader who finds internet fame after her on-field meltdown becomes a viral video. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Drop Dead Diva (season 6) \"\"Drop Dead Diva\"\"s sixth and final season premiered March 23, 2014, and concluded on June 22, 2014, on Lifetime. Season six aired on Sundays at 9:00 pm ET (6:00 pm PT) and consisted of 13 episodes. On October 25, 2013, Lifetime and Sony Pictures TV renewed the series for a sixth season,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5216696",
"chunk_text": "\"The Next Food Network Star (season 6)\"\nThe Next Food Network Star (season 6) The sixth season of the American reality television series \"\"The Next Food Network Star\"\" premiered on Sunday, June 6, 2010. Food Network executives, Bob Tuschman and Susie Fogelson, were joined again by Bobby Flay as the judges for this season. In addition, Giada De Laurentiis will serve as an on-set mentor. The series was filmed in Los Angeles, California and New York, New York. Winner Aarti Sequeira went on to host her show \"\"Aarti Party\"\", which premiered on August 22, 2010. Runner-up Tom Pizzica was also hired to host a travel food show",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7834972",
"chunk_text": "\"Homeland (season 6)\"\nHomeland (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series \"\"Homeland\"\" premiered on January 15, 2017, and concluded on April 9, 2017, on Showtime, consisting of 12 episodes. The series started as a loosely based variation of the two-season run of the Israeli television series \"\"Hatufim\"\" (English: \"\"Prisoners of War\"\") created by Gideon Raff and is developed for American television by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa. The sixth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on February 6, 2018. Taking place several months after the previous season, Carrie Mathison is back in the United States, living in Brooklyn,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16923043",
"chunk_text": "\"Asia's Next Top Model (season 6)\"\nfull sets added during panel)\"\" Asia's Next Top Model (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"Asia's Next Top Model\"\" (subtitled as \"\"Asia's Next Top Model 6: Beyond Limits\"\") premiered on August 22, 2018. Filming for the season took place in Bangkok, Thailand. Cindy Bishop and Yu Tsai both returned as judges for panel, while Monika Sta. Maria from season 3, Shikin Gomez and Minh Tu Nguyen from season 5 made appearances as model mentors throughout the season. The season featured 14 contestants: three from Thailand, two from the Philippines and Indonesia, and one each from Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_963
|
what is the third season of total drama?
|
n/a
|
[
"World Tour",
"Total Drama World Tour"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "5056822",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama World Tour\"\nTotal Drama World Tour Total Drama World Tour is the third season of the \"\"Total Drama\"\" franchise that began with \"\"Total Drama Island\"\" and \"\"Total Drama Action\"\". The series extension was commissioned by Teletoon from the producers, Fresh TV, Inc. The season's elements and plot structure is largely based on \"\"The Amazing Race\"\", with the semi-final episode being a direct parody of the reality series. In this series, fifteen returning contestants and two new contestants are taken on a trip around the world, and compete in cultural themed challenges of countries they visit. An added twist in this season is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2193089",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nthe third season, \"\"Total Drama World Tour\"\", the contestants are taken all around the world in the \"\"Total Drama Jumbo Jet\"\", which seems to be structurally unstable. Some of the countries that are visited in the third season include Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The fourth season, \"\"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\"\", is set back at Camp Wawanakwa, but this time the island is radioactive. The first part of the fifth season, \"\"Total Drama All-Stars\"\", also takes place on the island, due to the success of the first and fourth seasons. The second",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "18459190",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\non Metacritic based on 14 reviews. The third season, \"\"Total Drama World Tour\"\", has also received critical acclaim from critics and won multiple awards including \"\"Best Animated Series\"\", \"\"Best Voice Actress\"\" (for Annick Obonsawin), and was also nominated for several other awards; however, the criticisms included the overuse of the love triangle between Courtney, Duncan, and Gwen, as well as the destruction of the character Ezekiel. \"\"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\"\" received mixed to positive reviews, airing in over 100 countries and holding a 6.7 on Metacritic based on 15 reviews, thus indicating \"\"Generally favorable reviews.\"\" \"\"Total Drama All-Stars\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "466987",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama World Tour\"\nAugust 7, 2013. Teletoon hosted a \"\"Total Drama World Tour\"\" based website starting in 2010 called \"\"Total Drama Online\"\" where people could play games and earn badges to win prizes, but was only available in Canada. The site was then replaced with universal games available to everyone in 2013, but removed all special features from the site. Total Drama World Tour Total Drama World Tour is the third season of the \"\"Total Drama\"\" franchise that began with \"\"Total Drama Island\"\" and \"\"Total Drama Action\"\". The series extension was commissioned by Teletoon from the producers, Fresh TV, Inc. The season's elements",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10944268",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nand Disney XD in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and Cartoon Network in the United States. The fourth season first aired on Télétoon+ and Canal+ Family in France, while the fifth season finished airing first on K2 in Italy. Australia was also the first country to finish airing the third season. \"\"Total Drama\"\" has had a total of 52 characters in the series who were introduced as contestants throughout the series' five seasons. The first three seasons consists of an original set of cast, with a total of 25 characters (22 are introduced in the first episode of the series,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2193085",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nthat of \"\"Survivor\"\". \"\"Total Drama\"\" was met with critical acclaim upon release and has developed a cult following. The \"\"Total Drama\"\" series is the original series of the greater \"\"Total Drama\"\" franchise, which consists of five seasons that have aired during a timeframe of seven years: the first season, \"\"Total Drama Island\"\", the second season, \"\"Total Drama Action\"\", the third season, \"\"Total Drama World Tour\"\", the fourth season, \"\"\"\", and the fifth season, titled as both \"\"Total Drama All-Stars\"\" and \"\"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\"\". The latest installment premiered on July 7, 2014, in the United States and September 4, 2014,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18781724",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Bellas\"\nseason will document Daniel's travels under his new role as General Manager of WWE's \"\"SmackDown Live\"\". On January 30, 2018, it was announced that a third season would be premiering in spring of 2018. On April 5, 2018, the premiere date for the third season was announced, airing on May 20, 2018. On August 7, 2018, E! and WWE announced that \"\"Total Bellas\"\" had been renewed for a fourth season. On November 28, 2018, it was announced that the fourth season would premiere on January 13, 2019. The show is broadcast in The United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and France",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19012310",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Divas (season 3)\"\nthird season of \"\"Total Divas\"\" will premiere on September 7, 2014, with Rosa Mendes joining the cast. Unlike other WWE programs, most of the performers use their real names instead of their ring names, leading to Cameron, Naomi, Natalya, Jimmy Uso, and Tyson Kidd being referred to as Ariane, Trinity, Nattie, Jon, and TJ respectively. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Total Divas (season 3) \"\"Total Divas\"\" is an American reality television series that premiered on July 28, 2013, on E!. The series gives viewers an inside look of the lives of WWE Divas from their work within WWE to their personal lives. Behind",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5755704",
"chunk_text": "\"Total DramaRama\"\nTotal DramaRama Total DramaRama (originally titled \"\"Total Daycare Drama\"\" or \"\"Total Drama Daycare\"\") is a Canadian animated comedy series. It is a crossover spin-off set in an alternate universe of \"\"Total Drama\"\" and \"\"6teen\"\" and is the second spin-off of \"\"Total Drama\"\", after \"\"\"\". Confirmed by Jennifer Pertsch, the series is created by Fresh TV Inc., in association with Corus Kids, and distributed by Cake Entertainment. It premiered on September 1, 2018 on Cartoon Network in the United States, and on Teletoon in Canada on October 7, 2018. The series re-introduces some of the original \"\"Total Drama\"\" characters in an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2193088",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nepisode is rated TV-PG-D. The first three seasons are rated TV-PG-D while the latter two are rated TV-PG. Unlike many other animated shows, this series has a different logo for every season (while each season might have multiple alternate logos), so there is no official logo for this series. Most seasons in this series takes place in a different location. The first season, \"\"Total Drama Island\"\", is set in Camp Wawanakwa, a fictional island located in an unspecified area in Muskoka, Ontario. The second season, \"\"Total Drama Action\"\", is set in an abandoned movie studio lot in Toronto, Ontario. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18459197",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nwas later renamed \"\"Total DramaRama\"\". It was released in September 2018 on Cartoon Network in the U.S. and October 2018 on Teletoon in Canada. The new series will have 52 episodes and for the first time in the franchise, the episodes will have a new runtime with a shorter length of eleven minutes. It is set to feature some of the original characters from \"\"Total Drama Island\"\" as toddlers such as Beth, Bridgette, Cody, Courtney, Duncan, Gwen, Harold, Izzy, Leshawna, Noah and Owen as well as Jude Lizowski from \"\"6teen\"\". Chef Hatchet will also return as a younger adult. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3131840",
"chunk_text": "T@gged\nfor the third season began in October 2017 and wrapped in December 2017. T@gged T@gged is an American psychological thriller web series, starring Lulu Antariksa, Lia Marie Johnson, and Katelyn Nacon. The series is produced by AwesomenessTV, and premiered on July 19, 2016 on go90. On September 13, 2016, it was officially announced that the series was renewed for a second season, slated for a 2017 premiere. On May 1, 2017, before the season 2 premiere, AwesomenessTV announced that they had renewed \"\"T@gged\"\" for a third season. The third season premiered on December 7, 2018 on Hulu. \"\"T@gged\"\" follows three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9334074",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Divas\"\nOn May 19, 2014, E! announced that the third season of \"\"Total Divas\"\" would premiere on September 7, 2014, with Rosa Mendes joining the cast. On February 24, 2015, Paige announced \"\"Total Divas\"\" was renewed for a fourth season, with filming commencing at the end of the month. It was then announced at the end of season three, that the fourth season would premiere on July 7, 2015, moving from Sunday to Tuesday nights. On April 1, 2015, E! announced the show had been renewed for a fourth season via a press release. In the press release, it was confirmed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5222292",
"chunk_text": "\"Ultimate Beastmaster\"\nfor placing first and completing the entire course in the final. In February 2018 the show was renewed for a third season, consisting of nine episodes. The third season features the United States, Brazil, Germany, Mexico, South Korea, France, Italy, United Kingdom and Australia. Season 3 was released on August 31, 2018. Season 3 featured a tournament-style bracket, in which two athletes advanced from each episode to a semifinal round, then to a final round where they fought for the title of Ultimate Beastmaster. Corbin Mackin of the United Kingdom was crowned Beastmaster for placing first. James Hibberd compares the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3048300",
"chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black (season 3)\"\nTelevision Series – Musical or Comedy. The series has also received, among other accolades, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, five Satellite Awards, four Critics' Choice Television Awards, a GLAAD Media Award, an American Cinema Editors Award, a Producers Guild of America Award, and a Peabody Award. In Australia, the third season began airing on Showcase on June 11, 2015. Orange Is the New Black (season 3) The third season of the American comedy-drama television series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" premiered on Netflix on June 11, 2015, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "5056823",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama World Tour\"\nthat they are required to break spontaneously into song, or else be immediately eliminated. The original cast from this and past seasons do not compete in the next season, \"\"\"\", as there is a new cast. However, nine of these original contestants each have a cameo in the next season, while seven of them return to compete again in the fifth season, \"\"Total Drama All-Stars\"\". This series is rated TV-PG-D in the United States and Australia. A spin-off series based on this season, \"\"\"\", premiered in September 2015. As with the previous seasons, fifteen returning contestants and three new ones",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10944266",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nThe air dates listed in the table are from the original Canadian airings. Source for season list: Originally, co-creator Tom McGillis had stated that his personal goal was for \"\"Total Drama\"\" to go up to ten seasons. Alex Ganetakos, the executive story editor and the senior writer for the series, also mentioned that the production team planned to make more seasons in the future. However, in a Reddit Q&A on September 25, 2018, when asked if there would be additional seasons, Tom McGillis responded with \"\"Nope. Sorry to be a dreamkiller, but there's no market for this experience in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5755705",
"chunk_text": "\"Total DramaRama\"\nalternate universe where they are aged down from teenagers to toddlers, being taken care by Chef Hatchet. It features dream sequences, cutaways, visual jokes, confessionals and flashbacks. In addition, Nikki, another character from \"\"6teen\"\" has made a non-speaking cameo in \"\"Duck Duck Juice\"\". Also, Megan Fahlenbock reprises her role as Gwen in \"\"Tiger Fail\"\". The show was under production as of December 19, 2017. It first aired in the U.S. on Cartoon Network on September 1, 2018. Jennifer Pertsch revealed in an interview with TV Kids that Fresh took \"\"11 favorites from the original cast and aged them down to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2092521",
"chunk_text": "\"Quantico (season 3)\"\nQuantico (season 3) The third and final season of American drama thriller series \"\"Quantico\"\" premiered in the United States on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on April 26, 2018, and concluded on August 3, 2018. The season was produced by ABC Studios, with series creator Joshua Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jorge Zamacona serving as executive producers. The third and final season consisted of thirteen episodes, down from the twenty-two episode count of the two previous seasons. The season aired on Thursdays in the United States at 10:00 pm. The show was cancelled on May 11, 2018, by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5056828",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama World Tour\"\nproduction in 2009 when Fresh TV Inc. told Teletoon to order new \"\"Total Drama\"\" episodes for an upcoming third season. This season was to be called \"\"Total Drama: The Musical\"\" when it first entered production. Keith Oliver and Chad Hicks directed this new season while two new voice actors, Marco Grazzini and Annick Obonsawin had to be hired if they wanted to voice the two new characters, Alejandro and Sierra. The season's title was later changed to the current title, \"\"Total Drama World Tour\"\" in 2010 upon the airing of Celebrity Manhunt's Total Drama Action Reunion Special due to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19012309",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Divas (season 3)\"\nTotal Divas (season 3) \"\"Total Divas\"\" is an American reality television series that premiered on July 28, 2013, on E!. The series gives viewers an inside look of the lives of WWE Divas from their work within WWE to their personal lives. Behind the scene footage of the Divas is also included. Season 2 ended on with 1.54 millions viewers. The series gives viewers an inside look of the lives of WWE Divas from their work within WWE to their personal lives. Behind the scene footage of the Divas is also included. On May 19, 2014, E! announced that the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2193087",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nseason consists of the title \"\"Total Drama\"\" with a different word or phrase later added. That changing word or phrase defines the theme for that season. This series is a competition to win a cash prize of C$100,000 in the first season and C$1,000,000 in every other season. This series takes elements of other widely known series such as \"\"Survivor\"\", \"\"Fear Factor\"\", \"\"The Amazing Race\"\", and \"\"Escape from Scorpion Island\"\". Like these other series, \"\"Total Drama\"\" is rated TV-PG because it features mild profanity, censored language, brief censored nudity, and some suggestive dialogue. When more suggestive dialogue is present, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10944267",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nwider entertainment marketplace right now\"\". \"\"Total Drama\"\" first premiered in Canada on July 8, 2007 on Teletoon, while the United States aired the show one year later on Cartoon Network on June 5, 2008, followed by several other countries thereafter. Since then, \"\"Total Drama\"\" has become an international franchise and one of the biggest successes for Fresh TV. As of September 2011, the entire series has been shown in over 100 countries around the world, with the first season airing in 188 countries worldwide. The series aired on Teletoon in Canada, ABC1, ABC3, and Cartoon Network in Australia, Kix Jetix",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9295442",
"chunk_text": "\"Empire (season 3)\"\nEmpire (season 3) The third season of the American television drama series \"\"Empire\"\" premiered on September 21, 2016, in the United States on Fox. The third season was ordered on January 15, 2016. The show is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, in association with Imagine Entertainment, Lee Daniels Entertainment, Danny Strong Productions and Little Chicken Inc. The showrunners for this season are Ilene Chaiken, Danny Strong and Lee Daniels. The season aired on Wednesday at 9:00 pm, the same slot as the previous seasons. The season concluded on May 24, 2017 and contained 18 episodes. The show centers around",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18459196",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nduos) which race around the world throughout the series. There is a new host this series called Don, who replaced the original host Chris. Even though some of the characters from the main series make appearances, the spin-off series is primarily dominated by a new cast. The spin-off series is a \"\"buddy comedy\"\" and includes 18 pairs of teams (36 characters). It first premiered on September 7, 2015, on Cartoon Network and later premiered on January 4, 2016, on the Canadian version of Cartoon Network. Another spin-off series was announced on December 19, 2017, as \"\"Total Drama Daycare\"\". The series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2092524",
"chunk_text": "\"Quantico (season 3)\"\nexecutive producer. The third season premiered on April 26, 2018. After the third season renewal announcement, it was reported that Yasmine Al Massri and Pearl Thusi would leave the series, and in June 2017, it was reported that Ellis and Tovey would not return as part of a creative overhaul. However, in August 2017, it was confirmed that Tovey would in fact be returning as a series regular. In late July 2017, Marlee Matlin joined the show as a series regular in the third season. She will play the role of ex-FBI agent, Jocelyn Turner. On November 21, 2017, it",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18971335",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\"\nas \"\"Survivor\"\". The entire season first premiered in the United States starting on September 10, 2013 on Cartoon Network for the first part, with the second part premiering in the United States on July 7, 2014 for a two-week time period. In Canada, the first part premiered on Teletoon during their \"\"Can't Miss Thursdays\"\" time slot starting January 9, 2014. The second part of the season also premiered during their \"\"Can't Miss Thursdays\"\" time slot on Teletoon starting on September 4, 2014. The second half of the season also premiered on the APTN network in 2015. Just like \"\"Total Drama:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20933967",
"chunk_text": "\"Teen Wolf (season 3)\"\nTeen Wolf (season 3) The third season of \"\"Teen Wolf\"\", an American supernatural drama created by Jeff Davis and to some extent, based on the 1985 film of the same name, premiered on June 3, 2013. The series was renewed for a third season of 24 episodes on July 12, 2012. Jackson Whittemore (Colton Haynes) has moved to London. A new teacher, Jennifer Blake (Haley Webb), has joined Beacon Hills High school with a keen eye for Derek. While infiltrating the Alpha Pack who have taken refuge in a bank, they discover that Erica Reyes (Gage Golightly) is dead and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19756063",
"chunk_text": "\"The Face Vietnam (season 3)\"\nthird season premiered on 30 September 2018 on VTV9. This season, both male and female contestants are allowed to compete. \"\"First aired 30 September 2018\"\" \"\"First aired 14 October 2018\"\" \"\"First aired 21 October 2018\"\" \"\"First aired 28 October 2018\"\" \"\"First aired 4 November 2018\"\" \"\"First aired: 11 November 2018\"\" \"\"First aired 18 November 2018\"\" \"\"First aired 25 November 2018\"\" \"\"First aired 2 December 2018\"\" \"\"First aired 9 December 2018\"\" The Face Vietnam (season 3) The Face Vietnam season 3 () is a Vietnamese modeling-themed reality television series, based on the US television series of the same name, and one",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2193092",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\n\"\"Camp TV\"\" when the series first started production in 2006. Camp TV Productions is still labeled in the end credits of every episode, along with the season number in Roman numerals. Series production stopped in 2014 as no new seasons were produced since. Instead, starting in 2015 the studio has focused the franchise more on producing separate spin-off series, with their respective voice actors being reused in the new spin-offs. On May 3, 2017, it was announced that \"\"Total Drama\"\" would be making a return. It was later revealed that it would be returning as a new series titled \"\"Total",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18459198",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nseries began production in early 2017, and Christian Potenza is confirmed to still have a role for the prequel. These are other Canadian animated TV series that are also produced by Fresh TV: https://www.corusent.com/news/corus-entertainment-reveals-its-outstanding-roster-of-new-and-returning-canadian-original-programming-for-2018-2019/ Total Drama Total Drama is a Canadian animated comedy television series which is a homage and parody to common conventions from reality television. The show and its sequel seasons are collectively referred to as the \"\"Total Drama\"\" series. It premiered on the Canadian cable television specialty channel Teletoon on July 8, 2007, and on the American cable television channel Cartoon Network on June 5, 2008. All",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7972149",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama Action\"\nTotal Drama Action Total Drama Action is a Canadian animated television series. It is the second season of the \"\"Total Drama\"\" series, which began with \"\"Total Drama Island\"\". The show premiered in Teletoon at 6:30 pm ET/PT on January 11, 2009. This series was also created by the makers of \"\"6teen\"\", another Teletoon program. This is the only season for Teletoon to not air a new episode every week. Like \"\"Total Drama Island\"\", the previous season, much of \"\"Total Drama Action\"\" chronicles the events of the eponymous fictional reality shows. The \"\"Total Drama\"\" series itself is an \"\"animated reality television",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16401699",
"chunk_text": "\"Quantico (season 3)\"\nseason started on October 10, 2017. In March 2018, it was confirmed by showrunner Michael Seitzman that the last few episodes of the third season would be shot on location in Ireland. Filming for the third season ended on April 21, 2018. The third season received mixed feedback from critics, who were divided over its direction in comparison to the first season. The series premiere was poorly received. Despite praising the episode's action and pacing and its introduction of Marlee Matlin's character, Dishya Sharma of the \"\"International Business Times\"\" wrote that \"\"it leaves you asking for more\"\". \"\"The Quint\"\"'s Dipti",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18459193",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\n3, 2013, and Collection 2 being released on August 7, 2013. On October 8, 2014, \"\"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\"\" was released into one part due to it being a shorter season. The first part of the fifth season, \"\"Total Drama All-Stars\"\" was released on March 4, 2015, with the second part, \"\"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\"\" being released on July 7, 2015. \"\"Total Drama\"\" episodes were made available on streaming services, such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, and iTunes. Currently, Netflix is missing \"\"Total Drama World Tour\"\" and \"\"Total Drama: Revenge of the Island\"\" while retaining all other seasons, especially",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3448402",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race\"\nairing in Canada on January 4, 2016. It also aired on ABC3 in Australia, starting December 12, 2015. Like the original series, this series consists of 26 episodes per season. The series parodies popular travel and competition style reality shows, including \"\"The Amazing Race\"\". It takes place around the world and features pairs of contestants, rather than teams, in the style of the reality series it is parodying. The first season of \"\"The Ridonculous Race\"\" consists of mostly all new characters, with four characters - Geoff, Leonard, Noah, and Owen returning from the original \"\"Total Drama\"\" series. All characters will",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16601618",
"chunk_text": "\"Under the Dome (season 3)\"\nin the final moments that have massive global consequences. The cast members portray characters that were mostly taken from the original novel, \"\"although some have been combined and others have changed jobs.\"\" On October 9, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season. Tim Schlattmann joined the series as an executive producer for season three. According to producer Randy Sutter, filming for the third season began on March 11, 2015, and ended on August 8, 2015. During a CBS press briefing in May 2015, showrunner and executive producer Neal Baer promised answers in the new season. \"\"We will tell",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5056827",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama World Tour\"\nJune 10, 2010 at 8:30 p.m. EST on Teletoon and it premiered on June 21, 2010 at 9:00 p.m. EST on Cartoon Network. It aired on ABC3 at 6:40 a.m. in Australia. The contestant pool consists of 15 characters from the previous \"\"Total Drama\"\" seasons, and 2 new characters, Alejandro and Sierra. Midway through the season, Blaineley was brought on to compete, bringing the total number of contestants to 18, but was quickly eliminated. Some characters from the previous \"\"Total Drama\"\" seasons make an appearance in the special \"\"Aftermath\"\" episodes as well as the finale. They include: The season began",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20157586",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island\"\nmostly during the winter of 2014. Tom McGillis later confirmed on Twitter that the Canadian airdate will be on January 2014, while the U.S. airdate will be on September 2013. On August 19, 2013, Cartoon Network released the first official trailer for TDAS along with a new website that reveals all the characters. Lindsay's and Jo's elimination were leaked via episode scripts and trailers long before the season started airing. As for \"\"Total Drama: Pahkitew Island\"\", production is done and it has been released in the United States. The season was first announced to air on May 27, but was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5409827",
"chunk_text": "3T\n2015. The event will take place at the in 's Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. On March 17, 2015 Dutch radio station Q-music announced the show of June 26, 2015 has sold out. A second show will take place on June 27, 2015 where 3T will also be part of the lineup. In October 2015, Taj, Taryll and TJ appeared on the reality show. The series aired on Lifetime USA and Lifetime Canada (2015), Lifetime UK and Ireland (2016), Lifetime Asia (2016) and Lifetime South Africa (2016). On September 16th 2016, 3T had their up Close and Personal exclusive showcase in RAI Amsterdam,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10944260",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nTotal Drama Total Drama is a Canadian animated comedy television series which is a homage and parody to common conventions from reality television. The show and its sequel seasons are collectively referred to as the \"\"Total Drama\"\" series. It premiered on the Canadian cable television specialty channel Teletoon on July 8, 2007, and on the American cable television channel Cartoon Network on June 5, 2008. All of the contestants have distinct personalities that serve as main plot points with the characters consisting of the eponymous fictional reality series and the contestants therein. The style of this series is similar to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18517652",
"chunk_text": "\"Teen Wolf (season 3)\"\n2014. Teen Wolf (season 3) The third season of \"\"Teen Wolf\"\", an American supernatural drama created by Jeff Davis and to some extent, based on the 1985 film of the same name, premiered on June 3, 2013. The series was renewed for a third season of 24 episodes on July 12, 2012. Jackson Whittemore (Colton Haynes) has moved to London. A new teacher, Jennifer Blake (Haley Webb), has joined Beacon Hills High school with a keen eye for Derek. While infiltrating the Alpha Pack who have taken refuge in a bank, they discover that Erica Reyes (Gage Golightly) is dead",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19947532",
"chunk_text": "\"Private Practice (season 3)\"\nPrivate Practice (season 3) The third season of \"\"Private Practice\"\" premiered on October 1, 2009 and concluded on May 13, 2010. The season consisted of 23 episodes. In the third season, Violet survives from the cliffhanger from season two thanks to Pete, Naomi and Addison. She gives Pete their baby, Lucas, while she recovers from the ordeal. Addison and Sam get even closer and develop feelings for each other, but decide not to become a couple because they don't want to hurt Naomi. Charlotte and Cooper break up, and Dell loses Heather in an explosion which nearly kills Betsey also.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2193093",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama\"\nDramaRama\"\". The show is a spin-off that has the contestants as kids in daycare. This is a list of all the seasons that have aired with the original Canada air dates shown below along with basic elements for each season. The 100th episode of the whole series aired in Canada on February 27, 2014, with the producers very happy of this milestone. That means that it took Teletoon 6 years and 7 months for them to air the first 100 episodes. There are currently five seasons in the \"\"Total Drama\"\" series that have aired worldwide which all are listed below.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3048297",
"chunk_text": "\"Orange Is the New Black (season 3)\"\nOrange Is the New Black (season 3) The third season of the American comedy-drama television series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" premiered on Netflix on June 11, 2015, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 53–60 minutes, with a 90-minute finale. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\"\"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. The season received critical acclaim, again winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8618732",
"chunk_text": "\"All That (season 3)\"\nAll That (season 3) \"\"All Thats third season\"\"' ran from November 16, 1996 to October 25, 1997. This season of \"\"All That\"\" contained 21 episodes. Many changes to the show happened before the start of the season started. This was the only season recorded at Paramount Pictures after moving from Nickelodeon Studios, but before moving to Nickelodeon on Sunset. Original cast member Angelique Bates did not return to the show after her contract had expired last season. Her absence left a hole in the cast, the producers hired Amanda Bynes to take her place as a new cast member. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17750628",
"chunk_text": "\"The O.C. (season 3)\"\nhusband Sandy assumes leadership of the Newport Group after Caleb Nichol's death and finds himself the heir-apparent to a legacy of scandal, and Marissa Cooper spirals out of control after her younger sister Kaitlin causes trouble on her return home from boarding school. The season was released on DVD as a seven disc boxed set under the title \"\"The O.C.: The Complete Third Season\"\" on October 24, 2006 by Warner Bros. Home Video. Season three was also broadcast outside of the United States. In Canada, the season was simulcast on the terrestrial network CTV Television Network. It was broadcast on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2020649",
"chunk_text": "\"Beauty & the Beast (season 3)\"\napart. Season three will have a stronger focus on family, with Heather Chandler being a more prominent character and the viewers being introduced to two of Catherine's aunts. The show's costume designer Catherine Ashton announced via Twitter that the third season will reportedly end with some closure and a big cliffhanger. On May 8, 2014, \"\"Beauty & the Beast\"\" was renewed for a third season of 13 episodes. Filming on season three commenced on August 29, 2014, and ended on February 12, 2015. Season three was originally set to premiere on May 21, 2015, but the premiere date was later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9295443",
"chunk_text": "\"Empire (season 3)\"\na hip hop music and entertainment company, Empire Entertainment, and the drama among the members of the founders' family as they fight for control of the company. \"\"Empire\"\" was renewed for a third season on January 15, 2016. It was later announced that the season will premiere on September 21, 2016. Fox released a promotional poster on July 14, 2016, for the season, showcasing both Lucious Lyon and Cookie Lyon. \"\"TVLine\"\" announced on June 18, 2016, that Xzibit who plays Shyne Johnson, Lucious’ drug-dealing adversary, was upgraded to a series regular for the third season after being a recurring role",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13333017",
"chunk_text": "\"Total Drama Island\"\n\"\"Total Drama Drama Drama Drama Island\"\". \"\"Total Drama Island\"\" is a Canadian animated television series which premiered on July 8, 2007, on the Teletoon channel. This season has 26 episodes, each 22 minutes in duration, and two special episodes. It was the third Cartoon Network show outside of Adult Swim and Toonami to have the U.S. rating of either \"\"TV-PG\"\" or \"\"TV-PG-D\"\", and a parental-guidance warning after every commercial break and at the beginning of the show (the first two being \"\"Sunday Pants\"\" and \"\"IGPX\"\"). Its rating in Canada was initially \"\"G\"\" while current broadcasts are rated \"\"PG\"\". There are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11055933",
"chunk_text": "\"The Fosters (season 3)\"\nThe Fosters (season 3) The third season of \"\"The Fosters\"\" premiered on June 8, 2015 and ended on March 28, 2016. The season consisted of 20 episodes and stars Teri Polo and Sherri Saum as Stef Foster and Lena Adams, an interracial lesbian couple, who foster a girl (Maia Mitchell) and her younger brother (Hayden Byerly) while also trying to juggle raising Latinx twin teenagers, (Cierra Ramirez and Noah Centineo), and Stef's biological son (David Lambert). In this season, after Jesus' accident, he leaves for boarding school and Stef is determined to find the suspect responsible. Meanwhile, Callie meets a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_964
|
how many times has south korea held the winter olympics?
|
n/a
|
[
"two"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10617770",
"chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nwell as Summer) Games to proclaim the superiority of their political systems. The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3705025",
"chunk_text": "\"Sport in South Korea\"\ndo so again in 2008, however they did not. (See Sports in North Korea.) South Korea has won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other Asian country with a total of 45 medals (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze). South Korea ranked second in the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics medal table with ten gold medals, only losing to the winner by taking fewer silver medals. The 2018 Winter Olympics took place in Pyeongchang between 9 and 25 February 2018. Pyeongchang won on its third consecutive bid. After a series of large cities (Nagano to Sochi), for the",
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"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_text": "\"South Korea\"\nPyeongchang was chosen by the IOC to host the 2018 Winter Olympics. South Korea has won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other Asian country with a total of 45 medals (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze). At the 2010 Winter Olympics, South Korea ranked fifth in the overall medal rankings. South Korea is especially strong in short track speed skating. However, speed skating and figure skating are very popular, too, and ice hockey is an emerging sport with Anyang Halla winning their first ever Asia League Ice Hockey title in March 2010. Seoul hosted a professional",
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"chunk_text": "\"Olympic Games\"\neach holding that honour twice. The most recent Winter Games were held in Pyeongchang in 2018, South Korea's first Winter Olympics and second Olympics overall (including the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul). Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nbeen selected to host a Winter Olympics and it was the second time the Olympics were held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The Games took place from 9 to 25 February 2018. More than 2,900 athletes from 92 countries participated in 102 events. The Olympic Stadium and many of the sports venues were situated in the Alpensia Resort in Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang, while a number of other sports venues were located in the Gangneung Olympic Park in Pyeongchang's neighboring city of Gangneung. The lead-up to the 2018 Winter Olympics was affected by the tensions between",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"South Korea\"\n2002 (Busan) and 2014 (Incheon). It also hosted the Winter Universiade in 1997, the Asian Winter Games in 1999 and the Summer Universiade in 2003, 2015. In 1988, South Korea hosted the Summer Olympics in Seoul, coming fourth with 12 gold medals, 10 silver medals and 11 bronze medals. South Korea regularly performs well in archery, shooting, table tennis, badminton, short track speed skating, handball, hockey, freestyle wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling, baseball, judo, taekwondo, speed skating, figure Skating, and weightlifting. The Seoul Olympic Museum is a museum in Seoul, South Korea, dedicated to the 1988 Summer Olympics. On July 6, 2011",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
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{
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"chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\nthe country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998), both in Japan. It was also the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, the other two being the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. The Games featured 102 events over fifteen disciplines in seven sports, with the addition of \"\"big air\"\" snowboarding, mass start speed skating, mixed doubles curling, and mixed team alpine skiing to the Winter Olympic",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nSouth Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics South Korea competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, from 9 to 25 February 2018, as the host nation. It was represented by 122 competitors in all 15 disciplines (7 sports). In January 2018, following inter-governmental talks, the teams representing South Korea and North Korea entered the Opening Ceremony marching under the Korean Unification Flag, while in women's ice hockey there was a single united Korean team. South Korea won a total of seventeen medals – five gold, eight silver and four bronze – making these Games the most successful in South",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
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"chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\nGermany and Norway were tied for the most gold medals won; both won fourteen golds. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics, five of which were gold. Pyeongchang bid to host both the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, but lost in the final rounds of voting to Vancouver and Sochi respectively. Munich also launched a bid to host these Games. Prior to Beijing's successful 2022 Winter Olympics bid, Munich would have become the first city to host both the Winter and the Summer Games, having previously hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, but",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
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"chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\na single Winter Games. Norway led the total medal standings with 39, the highest number of medals by a nation in any Winter Olympics, followed by Germany's 31 and Canada's 29. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics. The host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics is Beijing, the capital of People's Republic of China, elected on 31 July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur. Beijing will be the first city ever to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 2022 Winter Olympics will take place between",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9256574",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the Olympics\"\nThe National Olympic Committee for Korea is the Korean Olympic Committee, and was founded in 1946 and recognized in 1947. During the 1998-2007 Sunshine Policy era, South Korea and North Korea symbolically marched as one team at the opening ceremonies of the 2000 and 2004 Olympics; but competed separately. The Republic of Korea has hosted the Games on two occasions: On 11 February 2014, Lee Sang-hwa won the gold medal for the women's 500m longtrack speedskating race at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, having previously won the one at the 2010 Games. She became the third woman and first Korean",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_id": "9256573",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the Olympics\"\nsince both athletes were members of the Japanese team, the IOC credits both medals to Japan. South Korea won its first medals as an independent nation at its first appearance in 1948, and won its first gold medal in 1976. South Korean athletes have won a total of 267 medals at the Summer Games, with the most gold medals won in archery, and 70 medals at the Winter Games, a majority in short track speed skating. The nation has won more medals in this winter sport than any other nation since it was introduced to the Olympic program in 1992.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "4890347",
"chunk_text": "\"Olympic Games\"\nby 44 cities in 23 countries, but by cities outside Europe and North America on only eight occasions. Since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, the Olympics have been held in Asia or Oceania four times, a sharp increase compared to the previous 92 years of modern Olympic history. The 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro were the first Olympics for a South American country. No bids from countries in Africa have succeeded. The United States has hosted eight Olympic Games, four Summer and four Winter, more than any other nation. The British capital London holds the distinction",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the Olympics\"\nwoman to win back-to-back golds at the 500m. Yuna Kim is the champion of figure skating, she won all the gold medals till 2010. Yoon Seongbin won a gold medal at Pyeongchang 2018, a skeleton for the first time and also became a skeleton king. On November 2, 2018, officials from both North and South Korea announced that their countries would participate at the 2020 Summer Olympics, held in Tokyo, Japan, as a unified Korean team. South Korea at the Olympics The Republic of Korea (commonly known as South Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1948, and has",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2387545",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics\"\nSouth Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics South Korea competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The team consisted of 71 athletes and 49 officials. This marks an increase of 25 athletes from four years prior. Originally 64 athletes were named to the team but reallocations brought the final team size to 71 athletes. South Korea left Sochi with a total of 8 medals (3 gold, 3 silver, and 2 bronze), its lowest total at the Winter Olympics since 2002; female athletes won seven of these medals. With Pyeongchang being the host",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the Olympics\"\nSouth Korea at the Olympics The Republic of Korea (commonly known as South Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1948, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for 1980 which they boycotted. South Korea has also participated in every Winter Olympic Games since 1948, except for the 1952 games. The first Korean athletes to win medals did so at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, when Sohn Kee-chung and Nam Sung-yong won gold and bronze respectively in the men's marathon. However, as Korea was under Japanese rule at that time, and,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\n2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "2387552",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nKorea's history in terms of total medals won, and earning the country 7th place in the overall medal table. Thirteen of the medals were won in long-track and short-track speed skating events. For the first time in their history, South Korean athletes also won medals in sliding sports (bobsleigh and skeleton), in a team event (curling) and in a snow event (snowboarding). The following South Korean competitors won medals at the Games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists' names are bolded. The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline. South Korea qualified",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nto host the 2022 Winter Olympics, and the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics will be selected on June 23rd, 2019. , no city in the southern hemisphere has applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympics, which are held in February at the height of the southern hemisphere summer. To date, twelve countries have participated in every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. Six of those countries have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United States. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10617812",
"chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\n\"\"at least late 2011 to 2015\"\" across the \"\"vast majority\"\" of Summer and Winter Olympic sports. On 5 December 2017, the IOC announced that Russia would be banned from the 2018 Winter Olympics with immediate effect and by the end of 2017 the IOC Disciplinary Commission had disqualified 43 Russian athletes, stripping thirteen medals and knocking Russia from the top of the medal table, thus putting Norway in the lead. On 6 July 2011, Pyeongchang, South Korea, was selected to host the 2018 Winter Olympics over Munich, Germany, and Annecy, France. This was the first time that South Korea had",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "322863",
"chunk_text": "\"Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nthe bids for the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, Gangwon Province Governor Jin-sun Kim announced in September 2007 that Pyeongchang would bid a third time. He cited increased knowledge of the bidding process and the enthusiasm of residents as reasons to keep trying. According to a survey by \"\"The Chosun Ilbo\"\" on December 23, 2009, 91.4% of Koreans, 93.4% of Pyeongchang and Jeongseon residents, and 93% of Gangwon residents supported the 2018 Winter Olympics bid. South Korea's figure skating superstar and 2010 Olympic champion Kim Yuna and IOC member and Samsung Group chairman Lee Kun-hee promoted the bid. The Samsung",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"North Korea at the Olympics\"\nwhen North Korea joined the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea. North Korea's attendance at the Winter Games has been sporadic; eight of the last thirteen Games have included a North Korean team. During the 1998-2007 Sunshine Policy era, North Korea and South Korea symbolically marched as one team at the opening ceremonies of the 2000 and 2004 Olympics, but competed separately. In 2010 a team competed at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver. North Korea sent 22 athletes to compete in five sports at the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\ndraws 3, 7 and 11. \"\"Wednesday, 14 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 14 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 16 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 16 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Saturday, 17 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Sunday, 18 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Monday, 19 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Tuesday, 20 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 21 February, 14:05\"\" South Korea qualified a women's team as the host country. South Korea had a bye in draws 1, 5 and 9. \"\"Thursday, 15 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Thursday, 15 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 16 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Saturday, 17 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Sunday, 18 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Monday, 19 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Tuesday, 20 February, 14:05\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 21 February, 09:05\"\" \"\"Wednesday, 21 February, 20:05\"\" \"\"Friday, 23",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_text": "\"Olympic Games\"\nCzech Republic, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States) have participated in all twenty-three Winter Games to date. The host city for an Olympic Games is usually chosen seven to eight years ahead of their celebration. The process of selection is carried out in two phases that span a two-year period. The prospective host city applies to its country's National Olympic Committee; if more than one city from the same country submits a proposal to its NOC, the national committee typically holds an internal selection, since only one city per NOC can",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Sport in South Korea\"\nKorean national team was established three years later, in time for the 1986 Asian Winter Games. By the first half of the 1990s they had become a major power in the sport, with Kim Ki-hoon becoming the country's first Winter Olympic gold medallist at the 1992 Winter Games in the men's 1000 metres, and the team winning five golds and a silver at the 1994 Winter Olympics. Rugby union is played to some degree in South Korea, with the Korean team being currently ranked 24th in the world (as of March 2015) in the current IRB world rankings. Korea have",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "18923049",
"chunk_text": "\"Pyeongchang bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nPyeongchang bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics PyeongChang 2018 was the successful bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympics, to be held in Pyeongchang. After losing the bids for the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, Gangwon Province Gov. Jin-sun Kim announced in September 2007 that Pyeongchang would bid a third time. He cited increased knowledge of the bidding process and the enthusiasm of residents as reasons to keep trying. According to a survey by \"\"The Chosun Ilbo\"\" on December 23, 2009, 91.4% of Koreans, 93.4% of Pyeongchang and Jeongseon residents, and 93% of Gangwon residents supported the 2018 Winter Olympics",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
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"chunk_text": "\"Sport in South Korea\"\nmost resorts until recently.. The 1988 Summer Olympics were celebrated in Seoul from September 17 to October 2, 1988. They were the second summer Olympic Games to be held in Asia and the first since the 1964 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. In the Seoul Games, 160 nations were represented by a total of 8391 athletes: 6197 men and 2194 women. 237 events were held. 27221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics. 11331 media (4978 written press and 6353 broadcasters) showed the Games all over the world. These were the last Olympic Games for two of the world's \"\"dominating\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Sports in Asia\"\nMeanwhile, Japan has won two Olympic gold medals, three World Championships and a World Cup. South Korea has also claimed third places at the Olympic Games, World Championship, World Cup and World Grand Prix. Asia has hosted a total of five Olympic Games: three Summer Olympic Games: 1964 in Tokyo, 1988 in Seoul and 2008 in Beijing, and two Winter Olympic Games: 1972 in Sapporo and 1998 in Nagano. The International Olympic Committee has selected 3 cities from Asia to host the next three Olympic Games: 2018 in Pyeongchang, 2020 in Tokyo and 2022 in Beijing. Beijing will be the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
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"chunk_text": "\"Summer Olympic Games\"\nthe 2020 Summer Olympics, when it will become the first city outside the Western world to have hosted the Summer Olympics more than once, having already hosted the Games in 1964. The other countries that have hosted the Summer Olympics are Belgium, Brazil, China, Canada, Finland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, Soviet Union, and Sweden; each of these countries has hosted the Summer Games on just one occasion. Asia has hosted the Summer Olympics three times, in Tokyo, Japan (1964), Seoul, South Korea (1988), and Beijing, China (2008); Asia will host the Games for a fourth time in 2020",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1141086",
"chunk_text": "\"Tourism in South Korea\"\nBusan. South Korea has hosted many international events, including the 1988 Summer Olympics, the 1993 Taejon Expo, the 2002 FIFA World Cup (jointly hosted with Japan), the 2005 APEC conference, the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit, the 2014 Asian Games, and the 2018 Winter Olympics. Tourism in South Korea Tourism in South Korea refers to the tourist industry in the Republic of Korea. In 2012, 11.1 million foreign tourists visited South Korea, making it the 20th most visited country in the world, and the 6th most visited in Asia. Most non-Korean tourists come from Japan, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nwith the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority. The original five Winter Olympics sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 and 1944 by World War II, and resumed in 1948. Until 1992 the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the IOC to place",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
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"chunk_id": "18923053",
"chunk_text": "\"Pyeongchang bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nand slope of winter sports. Pyeongchang bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics PyeongChang 2018 was the successful bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympics, to be held in Pyeongchang. After losing the bids for the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, Gangwon Province Gov. Jin-sun Kim announced in September 2007 that Pyeongchang would bid a third time. He cited increased knowledge of the bidding process and the enthusiasm of residents as reasons to keep trying. According to a survey by \"\"The Chosun Ilbo\"\" on December 23, 2009, 91.4% of Koreans, 93.4% of Pyeongchang and Jeongseon residents, and 93% of Gangwon residents",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"North Korea at the Olympics\"\nin South Korea in February 2018. As in 2000 and 2004, North and South Korean athletes marched together at the opening ceremonies. A unified women's ice hockey team included players from both North and South Korea. North Korean athletes also competed in alpine skiing, figure skating, short track speed skating and cross-country skiing. Alongside the 22 athletes, North Korea sent a delegation of 400 supporters to the 2018 games. This delegation, led by North Korea's ceremonial head of state Kim Yong-nam, included cheerleaders, taekwondo practitioners and an orchestra. North Korean athletes have won a total of 56 medals, two of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5814669",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea men's national ice hockey team\"\nin 1979, playing in Pool C, the third level of the tournament. They did not return until 1982, again in Pool C, and became a regular participant in 1986. They remained at the Division I level, the second tier of the World Championship, from 2010 until 2017, when they earned a promotion to the 2018 World Championship. Upon being named the host country for the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, the South Korean team began efforts to steadily improve themselves in order to be competitive with the other teams expected at the tournament. Several North American players playing for teams",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
{
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"chunk_text": "\"Foreign relations of South Korea\"\nthe 2018 Winter Olympics which took place in Pyeongchang, South Korea from 9th to 25th February. South Korea is a member of the United Nations, WTO, OECD/DAC, ASEAN Plus Three, East Asia Summit (EAS), and G-20. It is also a founding member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the East Asia Summit. On January 1, 2007, South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon assumed the post of UN Secretary-General. Inter-Korean relations may be divided into five periods. The first stage was between 1972 and 1973; the second stage was Pyongyang North Korea's delivery of relief goods to South Korea after a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7962336",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\nreceived only 25 votes. Annecy (in southeastern France) launched their own bid, which failed to secure public support from the local citizens. Their bid ended up receiving seven votes. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban in 2011, earning the necessary majority of at least 48 votes in just one round of voting, more votes than its competitors combined. With this, Pyeongchang became the third Asian city to host the Winter Games; the first two were in Japan, at Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998). On 5 August 2011, the International Olympic Committee (IOC)",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nonly country to have earned a gold medal at every Winter Olympics is the United States. Norway leads the all-time medal table for the Winter Olympics both on number of gold and overall medals, followed by the United States, Germany, and the former Soviet Union. A predecessor, the Nordic Games, were organised by General Viktor Gustaf Balck in Stockholm, Sweden in 1901 and were held again in 1903 and 1905 and then every fourth year thereafter until 1926. Balck was a charter member of the IOC and a close friend of Olympic Games founder Pierre de Coubertin. He attempted to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2387556",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nTeam event South Korea men's national ice hockey team qualified as the host. South Korea women's national ice hockey team qualified as the host. In January 2018, it was announced that the South Korean team would be amalgamated with a group of North Korean players to form a single Korean team in the tournament. In this team, at least three North Korean players were selected for each game. Based on the results from the World Cups during the 2017–18 Luge World Cup season, South Korea qualified four sleds. According to the ISU Special Olympic Qualification Rankings, South Korea qualified a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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{
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"chunk_text": "\"Foreign relations of South Korea\"\nForeign relations of South Korea The foreign relations of South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea) are South Korean relations with other governments. The Republic of Korea maintains diplomatic relations with 190 countries. The country has also been a member of the United Nations since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. South Korea has also hosted major international events such as the 1988 Summer Olympics and 2002 World Cup Soccer Tournament (2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosted with Japan) and the 2011 IAAF World Championships Daegu South Korea. Furthermore, South Korea had hosted",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics\"\nat the 2010 Games. She became the first woman since Catriona Le May Doan at the 2002 Games to defend her gold at the event. She became the third woman to win back-to-back golds at the 500m, and hence the first Korean woman to do so. South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics South Korea competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The team consisted of 71 athletes and 49 officials. This marks an increase of 25 athletes from four years prior. Originally 64 athletes were named to the team but reallocations",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
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"chunk_text": "\"Korean reunification\"\nKorean War, which ended in stalemate in 1953. Since the end of the Korean War, reunification has become more of a challenge as the two countries have become increasingly politically and economically divergent. However, in the late 2010s, relations between North and South Korea have warmed somewhat, beginning with North Korea's participation in the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea. The current division of the Korean Peninsula is the result of decisions taken at the end of World War II. In 1910, the Empire of Japan annexed Korea, and ruled over it until its defeat in World War II. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the 2012 Summer Olympics\"\nSouth Korea at the 2012 Summer Olympics South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea) competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from July 27 to August 12, 2012. This was the nation's sixteenth appearance at the Olympics, having missed the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the United States boycott. The Korean Olympic Committee sent the nation's smallest delegation to the Games since 1992. A total of 248 athletes, 135 men and 113 women, competed in 22 sports. South Korea left London with a total of 30 medals (13 gold, 9 silver, and 8 bronze), finishing fifth in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "297612",
"chunk_text": "\"Bids for Olympic Games\"\nthe Summer and Winter Olympics. 50 cities (including repeats) have been chosen to host the Olympics since their \"\"rebirth\"\"; two in Eastern Europe, five in East Asia, one in South America, two in Oceania and the remainder in Western Europe and North America. No Central American, African, Central Asian, Middle Eastern, South Asian, or Southeast Asian city has ever been chosen to host an Olympics. The decision is made at an IOC Session seven years and eleven years to the games; for example, the 2018 Winter Olympics were awarded to Pyeongchang on 6 July 2011, the 2020 Summer Olympics were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16887551",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\n(~US$) or less, and tickets in sports that are relatively unknown in the region, such as biathlon and luge, were made cheaper in order to encourage attendance. By contrast, figure skating and the men's ice hockey gold-medal game carried the most expensive tickets of the Games. As of 11 October 2017, domestic ticket sales for the Games were reported to be slow. Of the 750,000 seats allocated to South Koreans, only 20.7% had been sold. International sales were more favorable, with 59.7% of the 320,000 allocated tickets sold. However, as of 31 January 2018, 77% of all tickets had been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11546849",
"chunk_text": "\"Summer Olympic Games\"\nfrom a 42-event competition with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations in 1896, to 306 events with 11,238 competitors (6,179 men, 5,059 women) from 206 nations in 2016. The Summer Olympics has been hosted on five continents by a total of nineteen countries. The United States has hosted the Games four times (in 1904, 1932, 1984 and 1996); this is more times than any other nation. The Games have been held three times in the United Kingdom (in 1908, 1948 and 2012); twice each in Greece (1896, 2004), France (1900, 1924), Germany (1936, 1972) and Australia (1956, 2000);",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2387546",
"chunk_text": "\"South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics\"\ncity of the 2018 Winter Olympics, a Korean segment was performed at the closing ceremony. According to the quota allocation released on 27 January 2014, South Korea has qualified a total quota of five athletes in alpine skiing. Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships South Korea qualified 1 man and 1 woman. According to the quota allocation released on 27 January 2014, South Korea has qualified a total quota of two athletes, each of them will compete only in classical events. Based on results from 2012 World Women's Curling Championship and the 2013 World",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3419784",
"chunk_text": "\"Short track speed skating at the Winter Olympics\"\nShort track speed skating at the Winter Olympics Short track speed skating has been a contest at the Winter Olympics since the 1992 Winter Games in Albertville, France. Prior to that, it was a demonstration sport at the 1988 games. The results from the 1988 demonstration competition is not included in the official Olympic statistics. The sport has been dominated by teams from Asia and North America, namely South Korea (IOC code KOR), China (CHN), Canada (CAN) and the United States (USA). Those four countries have won 134 of 168 medals awarded since 1992. South Korea leads the medal tally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17828272",
"chunk_text": "\"Korean Unification Flag\"\nUniversiade in Daegu, South Korea; the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece; the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy; the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar; and the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea. However, the two countries competed separately in sporting events. The flag was not used in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. Not only was a unified team shelved, but the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (BOCOG)'s plan to make the two Korean teams enter consecutively during the opening ceremony was rejected due to opposition by the North Korean delegation at the last",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5215695",
"chunk_text": "\"Norway at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nNorway at the 2018 Winter Olympics Norway competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018. It was represented by 109 competitors in 11 sports. Norway was the most successful nation at the games with 39 total medals, setting a new record for the most medals won by a country at a single Winter Olympics. The previous record of 37 was set by the United States at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Norway, together with Germany, also matched the record of most gold medals at a single Winter Olympics with 14 gold, originally set",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5849833",
"chunk_text": "\"2018 Winter Olympics\"\ncommercially and politically motivated. He argued that not only was doping rife amongst Russian athletes but that there was no sign of it being eradicated. The CAS decision to overturn the life bans of 28 Russian athletes and restore their medals was also fiercely criticised, by Olympic officials, IOC president Thomas Bach and whistleblower Grigory Rodchenkov's lawyer. 2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_965
|
what was the biggest tank in world war 2?
|
n/a
|
[
"Panzerkampfwagen VIII Maus"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "1150440",
"chunk_text": "\"German tanks in World War II\"\ntranslated as the King Tiger or Royal Tiger by Allied soldiers. It was the largest tank mass-produced by German forces during the war. Its 8.8 cm KwK 43 could virtually knock out every Allied tank, while its sloped armor was thick enough to defeat most Allied guns (excluding hollow charge weapons). However, the Tiger II suffered from multiple mechanical problems due to its rushed development and excessive weight. It was named after the Tiger but it was a combination of innovations learned from the Panther and Tiger I. Even larger and heavier was the Super-heavy tank Löwe. It translates to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
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"chunk_id": "10975402",
"chunk_text": "\"Heavy tank\"\nthe largest tanks ever produced. At the start of World War II, France and the Soviet Union were the only countries to have inventories of heavy tanks, such as the Char B1, T-35, and KV-1. The Matilda II was designed under the British infantry tank concept which is similar to the heavy tank having thick armor and weighing more than their other tanks. It’s usually separate because they have less firepower with their cruiser tanks (comparable to mediums) at the time having the same main armament but more machine guns. Later war examples were the German Tiger I and II,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
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"chunk_id": "3018714",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\none or more hits by high explosive (HE) or armor-piercing (AP) shells to the track or front drive sprocket. The Soviet Union began and ended the war with more tanks than the rest of the world combined (18,000–22,000). At the start of World War II the most common tank in Soviet service was the T-26 (derived from the Vickers 6-ton), lightly armoured and armed with a 45 mm gun capable of penetrating most German tanks at normal combat ranges. Few had radios. The design was mechanically sound although incapable of further development. The BT tank series, based on the Christie",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19506106",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nthat it was simply incapable of executing. Several excellent designs were just entering production in 1940–41. On the eve of war, the Red Army had embarked on two closely related projects to reorganize its mechanized forces and re-equip them with modern designs incorporating the lessons of the Spanish Civil War, the Battle of Khalkhin Gol and the Winter War. Some of these designs leapfrogged other countries' tank designs. The most significant was the T-34, originally designed as the successor to the BT series, but with its heavier armour and heavy dual-purpose gun, it became the best medium tank in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2262068",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nthe Germans to improve their existing models. The Panzer III, which was intended to be the main medium tank, was upgraded to a longer, higher-velocity 50 mm gun. Thus the Panzer IV, originally intended to be a support tank, became the de facto main medium tank re-armed with a long-barreled, high velocity 75 mm gun to counter the T-34; the Panzer III, with its smaller turret ring, could not mount a gun larger than 50 mm, which had become inadequate against Allied tanks. The Germans started to develop newer, heavier tanks. This included the Panzer V Panther, which was intended",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
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"chunk_id": "1150435",
"chunk_text": "\"German tanks in World War II\"\nof Kursk, the largest tank battle in history. It had sloped armor which increased the effective thickness of the armor from to roughly , effectively making the front of the tank virtually impervious to enemy fire. However the sides of this tank were very vulnerable, ranging from only to of either barely sloped or completely flat armor plating. The tank carried a high-velocity 75 mm gun, which possessed more penetration than the Tiger's 88 mm gun at short range. Series production began in 1943. The tank was plagued with mechanical problems throughout its service life, several of which were never",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
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"chunk_id": "14267321",
"chunk_text": "Tank\ndesigns of World War II. Important new concepts of armoured warfare were developed; the Soviet Union launched the first mass tank/air attack at Khalkhin Gol (Nomonhan) in August 1939, and later developed the T-34, one of the predecessors of the main battle tank. Less than two weeks later, Germany began their large-scale armoured campaigns that would become known as blitzkrieg (\"\"lightning war\"\") – massed concentrations of tanks combined with motorised and mechanised infantry, artillery and air power designed to break through the enemy front and collapse enemy resistance. The widespread introduction of high-explosive anti-tank warheads during the second half of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20057987",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nsuspension system, were usually armed with the same 45 mm gun and were the most mobile tanks in the world. Close-support versions of both tanks existed, armed with 76.2 mm howitzers. However, the BT was at the end of its design life. The Red Army also fielded thousands of light reconnaissance tanks such as the amphibious T-37 and T-38 tanks. These had limited combat value; although highly mobile, they were armed only with 7.62 mm machine guns and had very thin armour. The Red Army also had about 400 T-28 medium, multi-turreted tanks, which were in most respects equal to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9415305",
"chunk_text": "\"Main battle tank\"\nWar II concept of heavy tanks, armed with the most powerful guns and heaviest armour, became obsolete because the large tanks were too expensive and just as vulnerable to damage by mines, bombs, rockets, and artillery. Likewise, World War II had shown that lightly armed and armoured tanks were of limited value in most roles. Even reconnaissance vehicles had shown a trend towards heavier weight and greater firepower during World War II; speed was not a substitute for armour and firepower. An increasing variety of anti-tank weapons and the perceived threat of a nuclear war prioritized the need for additional",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20581679",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nthe North African campaign. It continued to serve in the Red Army for some time, and in a single campaign in the Pacific. Red Army crews nicknamed it \"\"grave for seven brothers\"\" referring to the seven-man crew. The most important American design of the war was the M4 Medium Tank, or \"\"Sherman\"\" in British service. The M4 Medium became the second-most-produced tank of World War II, and was the only tank to be used by virtually all Allied forces (thanks to the American lend-lease program); approximately 40,000 M4 Mediums were produced during the war. M4s formed the main tank of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20581701",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\noutclassed all its opponents in terms of firepower and armor when it was first put into operational use. The even heavier Tiger II (deemed \"\"King Tiger\"\" by Allied troops) supplemented the Tiger I late in the war. Its powerful gun and very heavy armor made it superior to nearly every Allied or Soviet tank in a one-on-one confrontation, but poor mobility, speed and reliability limited its use. Plans were made for a super-heavy tank, the Panzer VII Löwe, which was cancelled during the design stage in favor of the yet heavier Panzer VIII Maus of which only two incomplete prototype",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
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"chunk_id": "2683124",
"chunk_text": "\"German tanks in World War II\"\nkeep pace with Soviet T-34 and KV tanks, which respectively, either had sloped armor or relatively thick armor and both shared 76 mm guns. By 1941, the Panzer III was the most numerous of German tank designs, however, during the later parts of 1943, it was largely replaced by later versions of the Panzer IV and Panzer V \"\"Panther\"\". Its assault gun chassis variant, the Sturmgeschütz III was, with just over 9,400 units built, the most widely produced German armored fighting vehicle of World War II. The Panzer IV was the workhorse of the German tank force during World War",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19506094",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nwar in September 1939, tanks were available that could travel hundreds of miles on their tracks with a limited number of breakdowns. The war accelerated the pace of change in design. In particular, the gun-vs-armor race of the war led to rapid improvements in firepower and armor (both in thickness and design). The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France produced significant numbers of tanks before and during World War II. The early tanks of Germany were inferior to many of their opponents' tanks in the areas of armor and firepower. However, in their tactical employment the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2262067",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nsupport of infantry or other tanks, and was initially armed with a short-barreled 75 mm howitzer to fire high explosive (HE) fragmentation shells. In 1941 an average of 39 Panzer IV models tanks per month were built, and this rose to 83 in 1942, 252 in 1943, and 300 in 1944. During Operation \"\"Barbarossa\"\", the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, it was discovered that the Soviet T-34 tank outclassed the Panzer III and IV. Its sloped armor could withstand most German weapons, and its 76.2 mm gun could penetrate the armor of all German tanks. This forced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20581680",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nAmerican, British, Canadian, French, Polish and Chinese units. The M4 was the equal of the German medium tanks, the Panzer III and Panzer IV, at the time it first saw service in 1942. The Red Army was supplied with about 4,000 M4s. The M4, although reliable and easy to maintain, was already outgunned by the time the US encountered the up-gunned and up-armored German medium tanks in Italy and Northern Europe (the Panzer IV and various German self-propelled guns) and by late 1943 the arrival of German Panther and Tiger I were even graver threats due to the range, accuracy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16965182",
"chunk_text": "\"Churchill tank\"\nChurchill tank The Tank, Infantry, Mk IV (A22) Churchill was a British heavy infantry tank used in the Second World War, best known for its heavy armour, large longitudinal chassis with all-around tracks with multiple bogies, its ability to climb steep slopes, and its use as the basis of many specialist vehicles. It was one of the heaviest Allied tanks of the war. The origins of the design lay in the expectation that war in Europe might be fought under similar conditions to those of the First World War, and emphasized the ability to cross difficult ground. The Churchill was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1493487",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nthe Soviet Union on the Mongolian border in 1939. This proved fatal later when they faced the new generation of Allied tanks, as the great majority of the Japanese models were lightly armored, and not heavily gunned. As in the 1920s, with the priority of steel going to the navy and air force, the Japanese Army was relegated the remaining material for its tanks. Thus the 1930s-designed vehicles went on being mass-produced, and the warning of Khalkin-Gol was too slowly recognized. By 1940 they had the fifth-largest tank force in the world behind the Soviet Union, France, Britain and Germany,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2077883",
"chunk_text": "\"Panzer II\"\nPanzer II The Panzer II is the common name used for a family of German tanks used in World War II. The official German designation was \"\"Panzerkampfwagen\"\" II (abbreviated PzKpfw II). Although the vehicle had originally been designed as a stopgap while larger, more advanced tanks were developed, it nonetheless went on to play an important role in the early years of World War II, during the Polish and French campaigns. The Panzer II was the most numerous tank in the German Panzer divisions at the beginning of the war. It was used in both North Africa against the Western",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5768095",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger II\"\nTiger II The Tiger II is a German heavy tank of the Second World War. The final official German designation was Panzerkampfwagen\"\" Tiger \"\"Ausf\"\". B, often shortened to Tiger B. The ordnance inventory designation was \"\"Sd.Kfz.\"\" 182. It is also known under the informal name Königstiger\"\" (the German name for the Bengal tiger), often translated literally as Royal Tiger, or somewhat incorrectly as King Tiger by Allied soldiers, especially by American forces. The Tiger II was the successor to the Tiger I, combining the latter's thick armour with the armour sloping used on the Panther medium tank. The tank weighed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19506161",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nwith a 75 mm main gun, was designed, but saw no service with Italian forces as it became ready at the time of the Armistice of Cassibile with the Allies, after which the Germans took over production, and used roughly one hundred of them. Another tank design, the Fiat M16/43, was developed to match the British cruiser tanks but work on it was stopped when the Axis was pushed out of North Africa in May 1943. The Fiat-Ansaldo M11/39 medium tank was used from 1940 through the early period of World War II. The M11/39 was developed as a \"\"breakthrough",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1493410",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nand armor in the 1940 campaign, but their poor command and control doctrine negated these advantages. By 1943, two-way radio was nearly universal in all armies. A trend towards heavier tanks was unmistakable as the war proceeded. In 1939, most tanks had maximum armor of or less, with guns with no larger caliber than 37–47 mm. Medium tanks of 1939 weighed around . By 1945, typical medium tanks had maximum armor over 60 mm thick, with guns in the range and weights of . Light tanks, which dominated most armies early in the war, gradually disappeared from front-line service. Turrets,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2262091",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\ndiesel engine (which made the 7TP world's first diesel tank), 37 mm anti-tank gun, and slightly thicker armor (17 mm in front instead of 13 mm). Only about 132 tanks were produced between 1935 and the outbreak of the war. The weight increased after the initial 7-tonne prototype was made and the actual serial tanks weighed 9.9 tonnes. Like its British predecessor, the 7TP was initially produced in two variants: the twin turret version armed with 2 Ckm wz.30 machine guns, and a single turret version, armed with a Bofors wz. 37 gun. After initial tests, it became clear that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "14267342",
"chunk_text": "Tank\nthe War ended. The United States Tank Corps used tanks supplied by France and Great Britain during World War I. Production of American-built tanks had just begun when the War came to an end. Italy also manufactured two Fiat 2000s towards the end of the war, too late to see service. Russia independently built and trialed two prototypes early in the War; the tracked, two-man Vezdekhod and the huge Lebedenko, but neither went into production. A tracked self-propelled gun was also designed but not produced. Although tank tactics developed rapidly during the war, piecemeal deployments, mechanical problems, and poor mobility",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "670121",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nhowitzer. The KV series was the main Soviet heavy tank until 1943, when production ended and most had been expended. Early in 1944 the KV's successor was the IS-2, armed with a gun, having thicker armour and better mobility. The new infantry-support tank of 1941, intended to be the replacement for the T-26, was the T-50, armed with a 45 mm gun, with torsion-bar suspension and excellent armour for its class. Production problems with its new engine led to the tank being cancelled after less than 70 had been made. Finally, the light reconnaissance role was to be filled by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2262069",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nto be the new main German medium tank. The Panther tank was a compromise of various requirements. While sharing essentially the same engine as the Tiger I tank, it had better frontal armor, better gun penetration, was lighter overall and thus faster, and could handle rough terrain better than the Tigers. The trade-off was much weaker side armor; the Panther proved to be deadly in open country and shooting from long range, but was vulnerable in close-quarters combat or to flank shots. The Germans also started to develop a new series of heavy tanks. The first was the Tiger, which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3018702",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nTanks in World War II Tanks were an important weapons system in World War II. Even though tanks in the inter-war years were the subject of widespread research, production was limited to relatively small numbers in a few countries. However, during World War II most armies employed tanks, and production levels reached thousands each month. Tank usage, doctrine and production varied widely among the combatant nations. By war's end, a consensus was emerging regarding tank doctrine and design. The tank was invented by the British in World War I, with nearly simultaneous development in France. Tanks of the First World",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7207543",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nof the war the M26 Pershing tank was deployed as the first operational heavy tank of the US Army. It was designated a heavy tank when it was designed in WWII due to its 90 mm gun, which was at the time the largest caliber gun found on a US tank. The Pershing was a very modern design with torsion-bar suspension, heavy armor, and an excellent 90 mm gun. However, it was somewhat underpowered, having the same Ford GAA engine as the M4A3. Intended as an improvement of the M4 Sherman, the prolonged time of development meant that only a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20581678",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\ndisadvantage of its 75 mm main armament being mounted offset in the hull meaning that it could not take hull down cover and use its main gun at the same time. It had a fully traversable turret with a 37 mm cannon as well, but the turret combined with a hull gun gave it a very tall profile. The United States 1st Armored Division also employed the M3 Medium in Africa. It was a stopgap solution, never intended to be a design of major importance. In American and British service the M3 Medium was phased out at the end of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "2135369",
"chunk_text": "\"Super-heavy tank\"\ncrew of 27. Two of them were under construction when the war ended and both were demolished. In the early 1920s, the French produced the 70-tonne Char 2C. The ten tanks would see limited combat during the Battle for France in 1940. During World War II all of the major combatants introduced prototypes for special roles. Adolf Hitler was a proponent of \"\"war winning\"\" weapons and supported projects like the 188 tonne Maus, and even larger 1,000 tonne Landkreuzer P. 1000 Ratte and 1,500 ton Landkreuzer P. 1500 Monster. The British and Soviets all built prototype designs similar to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2262090",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\na light reconnaissance role or converted to Hetzer tank destroyers and artillery tractors. Poland was the first to suffer the German Blitzkrieg, but it had some very good tanks in its armored forces. The most important was the 7TP (\"\"siedmiotonowy polski\"\" - \"\"7-tonne Polish\"\") light tank, which was better armed than its most common opponents, the German Panzer I and Panzer II. Like the similar Soviet T-26, the 7TP was a development of the British Vickers 6-ton (Mk.E) which the Poles purchased and licensed for local production. The main new features of 7TP were: a better, more reliable and powerful",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13521925",
"chunk_text": "\"German tanks in World War II\"\nend of World War II. Only one chassis was produced with no turret made. The Panzer IX and X were 2 fictional super-heavy tank designs created for propaganda and counterintelligence purposes. The Ratte was the heaviest tank design of World War II German tanks. Ratte translates to \"\"Rat\"\". It was cancelled before any work was started on it. German tanks in World War II Nazi Germany developed numerous tank designs during World War II. In addition to domestic designs, Germany also employed various captured and foreign-built tanks. By doing this Germany saw their tanks grow from \"\"tiny five ton packages",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12852706",
"chunk_text": "Tank\nproduction priorities that they needed to remain equal partners with the increasingly sophisticated tanks, in turn violating the principle of combined arms they had pioneered. Soviet developments following the invasion included upgunning the T-34, development of self-propelled anti-tank guns such as the SU-152, and deployment of the IS-2 in the closing stages of the war, with the T-34 being the most produced tank of World War II, totalling up to some 65,000 examples by May 1945. Much like the Soviets, when entering World War II six months later (December 1941), the United States' mass production capacity enabled it to rapidly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1150438",
"chunk_text": "\"German tanks in World War II\"\nthe front of the hull and turret, while the sides had 80mm of armor. Armor was weakest on the rear of the turret. Americans and British tank forces first encountered the German Tiger I in North Africa, where it outclassed the British Churchills and American M4 Shermans. The VK45.01 (P), also known as the Tiger (P), was an unsuccessful heavy tank prototype produced by Porsche in Germany in 1942. It was not selected for production because it didn't work during testing in front of Hitler. So the Henschel-built VK45.01 (H) design to the same specification, using the same Krupp-designed turret",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2262024",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nT-55 and T-62 series, the United States M48 Patton and the West German Leopard 1. Soviet tank production outstripped all other nations with the exception of the United States. The Soviets accomplished this through standardization on a few designs, generally forgoing minor qualitative improvements and changing designs only when upgrades would result in a major improvement. Soviet tanks had turret and gun stabilization, starting with the T-28B, which had a rudimentary form as early as 1938. Britain had been the worldwide trend-setter in tank development from 1915, but had lost its leadership position as the Second World War approached. Hampered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19506160",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nwere made. Panzer IX and Panzer X were drawings only used for propaganda purposes. The Italian army was mainly equipped with tankettes of the L3 series in the 1930s, and these, armed with machine guns, formed the main armor strength of Italy as late as 1940. Italy began fielding heavier tanks beginning with the Fiat M11/39 with a 37 mm main gun in 1940. This tank and its derivatives, the M13/40, M14/41 and the M15/42 (all with 47 mm main guns) were closely comparable in combat power to light tanks such as the Soviet T-26. A heavier design, the P40",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4139911",
"chunk_text": "\"IS tank family\"\nIS tank family The IS Tank was a series of heavy tanks developed as a successor to the KV-series by the Soviet Union during World War II. The heavy tank was designed with thick armor to counter German 88 mm guns and carried a main gun capable of defeating Tiger and Panther tanks. It was mainly a breakthrough tank, firing a heavy high-explosive shell that was useful against entrenchments and bunkers. The IS-2 went into service in April 1944 and was used as a spearhead by the Red Army in the final stage of the Battle of Berlin. The IS",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13521908",
"chunk_text": "\"German tanks in World War II\"\nnumerous tank of the Panzer divisions, although already outclassed in 1942 it was easy to maintain and simpler to produce than other German tanks. The Ausf. E was the major production variant, although the Ausf. F2 (later renamed Ausf. G) with a long high velocity gun was the more effective variant. First introduced in 1940 the 22 ton machine was progressively improved, with the addition of the L/43 gun the most significant change – it could penetrate 80 mm of armour at 1800 m. Later variants further improved the gun to a 75 mm L/48 but were mainly characterised by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19506112",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nboth had one-man turrets, making them difficult to crew effectively. The T-70 formed the basis for the much more important self-propelled gun SU-76 later in the war. By October 1942 \"\"Life\"\" magazine wrote, \"\"The best tanks in the world today are probably the Russian tanks...\"\". The T-34 effectively made all German tanks produced to that date obsolete. In fact, at its height, the T-34 was deemed so successful, and so capable in every role, that production of all other tanks except the IS-2 was stopped to allow all available resources to be used exclusively for this tank. The T-34 forced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2651454",
"chunk_text": "\"Landkreuzer P. 1000 Ratte\"\nLandkreuzer P. 1000 Ratte The \"\"Landkreuzer\"\" P. 1000 \"\"Ratte\"\" (English: \"\"Land Cruiser P. 1000 \"\"Rat\"\"\"\") was a design for a super-heavy tank for use by Nazi Germany during World War II, proposed by Krupp director Edward Grotte in June 1942, who had already named it \"\"\"\"Landkreuzer\"\"\"\". Submitted designs and drawings of the tank went under the names \"\"OKH Auftrag Nr. 30404\"\" and \"\"E-30404/1\"\", which were presented in December 1942. The tank was planned to be 1000 tonnes, being far heavier than the Panzer VIII \"\"Maus\"\", the heaviest tank ever built (weighing 188 tonnes). The project gained the approval of Adolf",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1150439",
"chunk_text": "\"German tanks in World War II\"\nas the Porsche prototype did, was produced as the Tiger I. Most of the 91 existing Porsche-produced chassis were instead rebuilt as self-propelled guns. The original main self-propelled gun made on the Tiger (P)'s chassis was the Ferdinand. This tank also had mechanical problems, partly from the complex, copper-dependent gasoline-electric drive system's poor grade of copper. It had a maximum of 200 mm of armor plating at the front. Even larger and heavier than the Tiger I, the Pzkpfw VIB Tiger II. It is also known under the informal name Königstiger (the German name for the \"\"Bengal tiger\"\"), often semi-literally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2651463",
"chunk_text": "\"Landkreuzer P. 1000 Ratte\"\nFurther reading Landkreuzer P. 1000 Ratte The \"\"Landkreuzer\"\" P. 1000 \"\"Ratte\"\" (English: \"\"Land Cruiser P. 1000 \"\"Rat\"\"\"\") was a design for a super-heavy tank for use by Nazi Germany during World War II, proposed by Krupp director Edward Grotte in June 1942, who had already named it \"\"\"\"Landkreuzer\"\"\"\". Submitted designs and drawings of the tank went under the names \"\"OKH Auftrag Nr. 30404\"\" and \"\"E-30404/1\"\", which were presented in December 1942. The tank was planned to be 1000 tonnes, being far heavier than the Panzer VIII \"\"Maus\"\", the heaviest tank ever built (weighing 188 tonnes). The project gained the approval",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "670125",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nthe Germans to adopt new, heavier designs such as the Panther and Tiger I, which in turn forced upgrades to the Soviet, United States and British tank fleets. Perhaps more significantly to the ultimate course of the war, the move to more complex and expensive German tank designs overwhelmed the already critically strained German tank-production capability, reducing the numbers of tanks available to German forces and thus helping to force Germany to surrender the initiative in the war to the Allies. Later in the war the light tank role was increasingly filled by Lend-Lease supplies of United States M3 light",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1150437",
"chunk_text": "\"German tanks in World War II\"\nTiger and Tiger II. It would have been faster, though weighed more. One prototype was made but it was halted to focus on the Panther I. Some of the design influence went into the E-50. In response to the T-34 after the invasion of the Soviet Union, the German forces ordered the construction of a new heavy tank. Designated as the Panzerkampfwagen VI, it was christened \"\"Tiger\"\" by Ferdinand Porsche. The tank had formidable firepower (the 88 mm anti-tank gun) and thick armor. It had some mechanical problems due to its weight. The Tiger had 100 mm of armor on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2792940",
"chunk_text": "\"Main battle tank\"\nDevelopment of the universal tank ceased, and Centurion entered service just as World War II finished, becoming a multi-role vehicle forming the main battle tank force of the British army (and other nations through export). The addition of the 20 pounder gun in 1948 gave the tank a significant advantage over other tanks of the era. This paved the way for a new tank classification, the main battle tank, and Centurion is considered by many to be the first MBT as designed. A surplus of effective WWII-era designs in other forces, notably the US and the Soviet Union, led to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2262066",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nin the initial design stage a 50 mm (2 inch) gun was specified. However, the infantry at the time were being equipped with the 37 mm (1.46 inch) PaK 36, and it was thought that in the interest of standardization the tanks should carry the same armament. As a compromise, the turret ring was made large enough to accommodate a 50 mm (2 inch) gun should a future upgrade be required. This single decision later assured the Panzer III a prolonged life in the German Army. The Panzer IV was intended to carry a gun that could be used in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12852705",
"chunk_text": "Tank\nthe Soviet machines to be surrounded and destroyed in large numbers. However, interference from Adolf Hitler, the geographic scale of the conflict, the dogged resistance of the Soviet combat troops, and the Soviets' massive advantages in manpower and production capability prevented a repeat of the Blitzkrieg of 1940. Despite early successes against the Soviets, the Germans were forced to up-gun their Panzer IVs, and to design and build both the larger and more expensive Tiger heavy tank in 1942, and the Panther medium tank the following year. In doing so, the \"\"Wehrmacht\"\" denied the infantry and other support arms the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2262023",
"chunk_text": "\"Tanks in World War II\"\nthe KV without an increase in overall weight; this was achieved by thinning the rear armor and moving most of the armor to the front of the tank, where it was expected to take most of its hits. The IS-3 variant, produced in mid-1945, had a much more streamlined look and a larger, bowl-shaped tapered turret. Remarkably, the IS-3 had thicker armor but actually weighed slightly less than the IS-2, remaining under 50 tons (as compared to the Tiger II's 68). The armor design of the IS-3 was an enormous influence on postwar tank design, as seen in the Soviet",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19259025",
"chunk_text": "\"Tiger I\"\nTiger I The Tiger I is a German heavy tank of World War II deployed from 1942 in Africa and Europe, usually in independent heavy tank battalions. Its final designation was \"\"Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger Ausf. E\"\" often shortened to \"\"Tiger\"\". The Tiger I gave the Wehrmacht its first armoured fighting vehicle that mounted the 8.8 cm KwK 36 gun (not to be confused with the 8.8 cm Flak 36). 1,347 were built between August 1942 and August 1944. After August 1944, production of the Tiger I was phased out in favour of the Tiger II. While the Tiger I has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1150434",
"chunk_text": "\"German tanks in World War II\"\nGerman Neubaufahrzeug series of tank prototypes were a first attempt to create a heavy tank for the Wehrmacht after Adolf Hitler came to power. Multi-turreted, heavy and slow, they were not considered successful enough to continue limited production. Therefore, only five were ever made. These were primarily used for propaganda purposes, though three took part in the Battle of Norway in 1940. The Panther was a medium tank (45 tonnes) with a crew of five, which was designed to counter the Soviet T-34 tank. In weight it was comparable to Soviet heavy tanks. This tank was introduced in the Battle",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12319741",
"chunk_text": "\"Japanese tanks of World War II\"\nlarge hexagonal gun turret and a commander's cupola. The Type 3 75 mm tank gun was one of the largest guns used on Japanese tanks. The Chi-Nu was the last IJA tank deployed, and production continued until the end of the war. The Chi-Nu did not see combat during the war. All produced units were retained for the defense of the Japanese Homeland in anticipation of the projected Allied Invasion. The was one of several new medium and heavy tanks developed by the Imperial Japanese Army towards the end of World War II. It was the most advanced Japanese wartime",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_966
|
chris cornell she's going to change the world?
|
n/a
|
[
"Can't Change Me"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8016991",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\ncalled \"\"Chris Cornell\"\". According to lead singer Shirley Manson, she was obsessed with Cornell at the time of the release of Soundgarden's hit song \"\"Black Hole Sun\"\". A demo version of \"\"Fix Me Now\"\" has Manson singing Cornell's name. The line \"\"I'm looking California, and feeling Minnesota\"\" from Soundgarden's song \"\"Outshined\"\" (written by Cornell), inspired the title of Steven Baigelman's 1996 film \"\"Feeling Minnesota\"\", starring Keanu Reeves and Cameron Diaz. Cornell's song \"\"Preaching the End of the World\"\" from his debut solo album \"\"Euphoria Morning\"\", inspired the title of Lorene Scafaria's 2012 film \"\"Seeking a Friend for the End of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276239",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nthe World\"\", starring Steve Carell and Keira Knightley. In 1985, Cornell started dating Susan Silver, the manager of Alice in Chains, Soundgarden and Screaming Trees, and they got married in 1990. They had a daughter, Lillian Jean, born in June 2000. He and Silver divorced in 2004. In December 2008, Cornell reported via his official website that he had finally won back his collection of 15 guitars after a four-year court battle with Silver. In 2004, he married Vicky Karayiannis, a Paris-based American publicist of Greek heritage. The couple had a daughter together, Toni, in September 2004, and a son,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276142",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nChris Cornell Christopher John Cornell (né Boyle; July 20, 1964 – May 18, 2017) was an American musician, singer and songwriter. He was best known as the lead vocalist for the rock bands Soundgarden and Audioslave. Cornell was also known for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions since 1991, and as the founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated to his late friend Andrew Wood. Cornell is considered one of the chief architects of the 1990s grunge movement, and is well known for his extensive catalog as a songwriter, his nearly four-octave vocal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276256",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nwas presented by Alice Cooper. When asked how he beat his addictions, Cornell stated, \"\"It was a long period of coming to the realization that this way (sober) is better. Going through rehab, honestly, did help... it got me away from just the daily drudgery of depression and either trying to not drink or do drugs or doing them and you know, they give you such a simple message that any idiot can get and it's just over and over, but the bottom line is really, and this is the part that is scary for everyone, the individual kinda has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8311977",
"chunk_text": "\"The Promise (Chris Cornell song)\"\nThe Promise (Chris Cornell song) \"\"The Promise\"\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Chris Cornell. The song was written as the ending credits song for the film of the same name. The song was released as a single on March 10, 2017, and is notable as being the last solo release from Cornell prior to his death on May 18, 2017. The song was first written by Chris Cornell after being approached by movie producer Eric Esrailian to write a song for his movie, \"\"The Promise\"\". Cornell agreed, as the film's topic—the Armenian Genocide—resonated with him. While he was not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276143",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nrange, and his powerful vocal belting technique. He released four solo studio albums, \"\"Euphoria Morning\"\" (1999), \"\"Carry On\"\" (2007), \"\"Scream\"\" (2009), \"\"Higher Truth\"\" (2015) and the live album \"\"Songbook\"\" (2011). Cornell received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his song \"\"The Keeper\"\", which appeared in the 2011 film \"\"Machine Gun Preacher\"\", and co-wrote and performed the theme song to the James Bond film \"\"Casino Royale\"\" (2006), \"\"You Know My Name\"\". His last solo release before his death was the charity single \"\"The Promise\"\", written for the ending credits for the 2016 film of the same name. He was voted \"\"Rock's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276249",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nIt was one of the coolest things I saw Chris do.\"\" In a 2009 interview with Uncut magazine, Vedder stated that Cornell was \"\"the best singer that we've got on the planet\"\". About the impact that Cornell had in his life, Vedder told a crowd in Alpine Valley while introducing Cornell before performing \"\"Hunger Strike\"\" with him in September 2011; \"\"I had no idea how he would affect my life and my views on music and my views on friendship and what a big impact he would have. These guys [the other members of Pearl Jam] know him much longer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9529038",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nalbum (No. 10, 11,000) and Soundgarden's \"\"Badmotorfinger\"\" (No. 19, 7,000). Cornell released five solo albums. Soundgarden produced six albums, five EPs and two greatest hits compilations. He released three albums with Audioslave and one album with Temple of the Dog. Despite this large discography, Cornell only released one retrospective compilation, which was given a limited release. Cornell also produced the Screaming Trees album \"\"Uncle Anesthesia\"\". Solo releases Albums with Soundgarden Albums with Audioslave Album with Temple of the Dog Chris Cornell Christopher John Cornell (né Boyle; July 20, 1964 – May 18, 2017) was an American musician, singer and songwriter.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20876378",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell (album)\"\nChris Cornell (album) Chris Cornell is a posthumous compilation album by American musician Chris Cornell, released on November 16, 2018. It compiles his solo work, as well as his work with his bands Soundgarden, Temple of the Dog, and Audioslave, and includes a new song titled \"\"When Bad Does Good\"\". The album was released in a variety of versions, including standard and deluxe versions in both digital (download and streaming) and physical formats (CD and vinyl), and a super deluxe box set that includes a total of 64 tracks, including 10 unreleased songs. In a statement, Cornell's wife Vicky said",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12511935",
"chunk_text": "\"The Promise (Chris Cornell song)\"\nit as slightly \"\"sappy\"\", though conceding that the message, and its proceeds going to charity, were commendable. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in the Best Rock Performance category for 2018, and for an International Press Academy Satellite Award for Best Original Song. The Promise (Chris Cornell song) \"\"The Promise\"\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Chris Cornell. The song was written as the ending credits song for the film of the same name. The song was released as a single on March 10, 2017, and is notable as being the last solo release from Cornell prior to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276145",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nin his Detroit hotel room early on the morning of May 18, 2017, after performing at a Soundgarden concert an hour earlier at the Fox Theater. His death was ruled suicide by hanging. Cornell was born Christopher John Boyle on 20 July 1964, in Seattle, Washington, where he was raised. His parents are Edward F. Boyle, a pharmacist of Irish-Catholic background, and Karen Cornell, an accountant and psychic of Jewish background. After his parents' divorce when he was a teenager, Chris and his siblings adopted their mother's maiden name, Cornell, as their surname. Cornell was one of six children; he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276175",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nwas the charity single \"\"The Promise\"\", written for the ending credits for the movie of the same name about the Armenian Genocide. Prior to his death, Cornell committed all proceeds from the song to support refugees and vulnerable children. On February 26, 2018, Cornell's first posthumous song was released. Cornell composed the music and added lyrics to Johnny Cash's poems \"\"You Never Knew My Mind\"\" and \"\"I Never Knew Your Mind\"\". The song, titled \"\"You Never Knew My Mind\"\", is featured on the album \"\"Johnny Cash: Forever Words\"\", a collection of songs created from Cash's unused poetry, lyrics and letters",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5985368",
"chunk_text": "\"Seeking a Friend for the End of the World\"\nSeeking a Friend for the End of the World Seeking a Friend for the End of the World is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film, written and directed by Lorene Scafaria, in her directorial debut. The film stars Steve Carell and Keira Knightley. The inspiration for the title was a line from Chris Cornell's song \"\"Preaching the End of the World\"\", from his 1999 debut solo album \"\"Euphoria Morning\"\". Filming began May 2011, in Los Angeles, California. The film was theatrically released on June 22, 2012 in the United States by Focus Features. It received mixed reviews from critics and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276277",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nTrevor Plouffe changed his walk-up music to \"\"Black Hole Sun\"\" to honor Cornell. Linkin Park dedicated their performance of \"\"One More Light\"\" on Jimmy Kimmel's show, in tribute to Cornell. During the 2017 Billboard Music Awards, Imagine Dragons' lead singer, Dan Reynolds, paid tribute to Cornell remembering his life and career and asking for a moment of silence as a photo of Cornell filled television screens at home and the monitors in the venue. During his solo concert in London on June 6, 2017, Eddie Vedder talked for the first time about Cornell since his death, saying \"\"he wasn't just",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20054948",
"chunk_text": "\"Seeking a Friend for the End of the World\"\nthe End of the World\"\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc and made available for digital streaming in the United States on October 23, 2012. Seeking a Friend for the End of the World Seeking a Friend for the End of the World is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film, written and directed by Lorene Scafaria, in her directorial debut. The film stars Steve Carell and Keira Knightley. The inspiration for the title was a line from Chris Cornell's song \"\"Preaching the End of the World\"\", from his 1999 debut solo album \"\"Euphoria Morning\"\". Filming began May 2011, in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276166",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nthe air out of it. So when we decided to do its first vinyl release I thought, I want to change the fuckin' title! [Laughs] It's time to change it,\"\" Cornell stated. An unreleased song called \"\"Heart of Honey\"\" was also recorded in collaboration with Johannes and Shneider during this period. According to Alain Johannes, \"\"Heart of Honey\"\" was recorded for the film \"\"Titan A.E.\"\" but not used. The song leaked on the internet. While on his solo tours between 2011–2016, Cornell would often pay tribute to the late Natasha Shneider and play the song \"\"\"\"When I'm Down\"\"\"\", (from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8017027",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nSun\"\" while images of Cornell were displayed on a screen above the stage. Near the end of the performance, an audio of Cornell singing the song was played. On July 20, 2017, the day that would have been Cornell's 53rd birthday, Pearl Jam guitarist Stone Gossard, who played with Cornell in Temple of the Dog, wrote a letter to him in a post shared on Pearl Jam's official website. Cornell and Gossard share the same birthday. In August 2017, Seattle-based singer Shawn Smith announced a single in tribute to Cornell, \"\"The Way You Made Your Garden Grow\"\", set to be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "67874",
"chunk_text": "\"The Promise (Chris Cornell song)\"\non a completely different arrangement for the song before scrapping it and starting over. After starting over, the creation of the final version came together much faster, with Cornell no longer trying to force things on how the songs should sound. The song was released as a charity single on March 10, 2017, to help benefit the International Rescue Committee. It received a lyric video on the same date. On April 19, 2017, he performed the song live with Soundgarden drummer Matt Cameron and a string quartet on \"\"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"\". The song features Cornell on vocals,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9529032",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nmetal and aggressive, to his choice of melodies and how the melody in itself, despite what he's saying, can incite emotion. I think he'll go down in history as one of the greats.\"\" After hearing about his death, Alice Cooper stated: \"\"Chris Cornell, in our circle, was known as 'The Voice' because he had the best voice in rock and roll. I was lucky enough to write and record two songs with him. His death comes as a total shock to all of us. 'Black Hole Sun' will live on as a classic, and his is a true legacy of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8016993",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nChristopher Nicholas, in December 2005. In 2012, the Cornells created the Chris and Vicky Cornell Foundation which works for homeless, poor, abused or neglected children. In 2013, a portion of proceeds from ticket sales went to benefit the cause. In a 2008 television interview, Cornell said about religion, \"\"I don't follow any particular one. … Ultimately I think I'm sort of a freethinker and kind of open. … So many bad things–as well as good things–have happened based on people just sort of blindly following religion that I kind of feel like I want to stay away from any type",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276144",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nGreatest Singer\"\" by readers of \"\"Guitar World\"\", ranked 4th in the list of \"\"Heavy Metal's All-Time Top 100 Vocalists\"\" by \"\"Hit Parader\"\", 9th in the list of \"\"Best Lead Singers of All Time\"\" by \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", and 12th in MTV's \"\"22 Greatest Voices in Music\"\". Across his entire catalog, Cornell has sold 14.8 million albums, 8.8 million digital songs, and 300 million on-demand audio streams in the U.S. alone, as well as over 30 million records worldwide. He was nominated for 16 Grammy Awards and won twice. Cornell struggled with depression for much of his life. He was found dead",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4985920",
"chunk_text": "\"Amy Wright (activist)\"\nthe Year award comes with a cash prize of $100,000. Actress Diane Lane presented Wright with the award on December 17, 2017, at the 11th annual ceremony in New York. In her acceptance speech, Wright addressed her two youngest children directly, saying, \"\"I would not change you for the world, but I will change the world for you.\"\" In 2013, Wright wrote a song called \"\"It Starts with a Voice\"\" to promote inclusion and acceptance of intellectually disabled people. Her husband, Ben Wright, also ran a company that employed people with disabilities; it was called \"\"Ready, Willing, and Able\"\" and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11982748",
"chunk_text": "\"Tammy Tibbetts\"\nWho Are Already Changing the World in 2011. Tammy Tibbetts Tammy Tibbetts (born \"\"c\"\". 1985), is co-founder and CEO of She's the First. Tibbetts co-founded the non-profit She's the First in 2009. She's the First fights gender inequality through education by supporting girls who are the first in their family to graduate high school and by training students everywhere to be global citizens. She's the First has more than 225 chapters in high schools and colleges across the US and in 10 countries. \"\"Marie Claire\"\" considered Tibbetts one of the \"\"20 Women Who Are Changing Your World\"\" in 2014. Tibbetts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276257",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nto want it... not kinda, you have to want it and to not do that crap anymore or you will never stop and it will just kill you. There's nothing you can do...if your best friend has a problem and it's very serious, there's nothing you're going to be able to do about it and it was sad for me and the people around me. Sad for me when friends of mine died because of it.\"\" In a 2011 interview, Cornell said the major change with the reformed Soundgarden was a lack of alcohol: \"\"The biggest difference I noticed ...",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276233",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nto Download\"\" campaign for Sam Childers' Angels of East Africa children's charity. The song is also the lead track on the film's soundtrack album. In 2012, Soundgarden released their first song in 15 years, \"\"Live to Rise\"\", written for \"\"The Avengers\"\" movie soundtrack. In 2013, Cornell wrote the song \"\"Misery Chain\"\", for the soundtrack to the film \"\"12 Years a Slave\"\", in which he performed a duet with Joy Williams. In 2016, Cornell covered the song \"\"Stay With Me Baby\"\" for the soundtrack of the HBO TV series \"\"Vinyl\"\". Cornell said about recording the song; \"\"I was very honored to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8017030",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nwore a T-shirt with a portrait of Cornell on the back during the show. On April 14, 2018, Cornell's longtime friends Ann Wilson and Jerry Cantrell paid tribute to him during the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ceremony with a rendition of Soundgarden's \"\"Black Hole Sun\"\". At the end of the performance, a photo of Cornell was displayed on a screen behind the stage and Cantrell turned around and raised his fist saluting Cornell. U2 dedicated the song \"\"Running to Stand Still\"\" to Cornell at their May 20, 2017 concert at the Rose Bowl. Before that concert began, \"\"Black",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20146846",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell discography\"\n\"\"Euphoria Morning\"\" (1999), \"\"Carry On\"\" (2007), \"\"Scream\"\" (2009), and \"\"Higher Truth\"\" (2015). Notes Chris Cornell discography The discography of Chris Cornell, an American rock musician, consists of four studio albums, two compilation albums, and 18 singles. This list does not include material recorded by Cornell with Soundgarden, Temple of the Dog, or Audioslave. Cornell is best known as the lead singer, guitarist and songwriter for the rock bands Soundgarden (1984–1997, 2010–2017) and Audioslave (2001–2007), and for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions (1998–2017). He was the founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20146845",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell discography\"\nChris Cornell discography The discography of Chris Cornell, an American rock musician, consists of four studio albums, two compilation albums, and 18 singles. This list does not include material recorded by Cornell with Soundgarden, Temple of the Dog, or Audioslave. Cornell is best known as the lead singer, guitarist and songwriter for the rock bands Soundgarden (1984–1997, 2010–2017) and Audioslave (2001–2007), and for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions (1998–2017). He was the founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated to his former roommate, Andrew Wood. He has released four solo studio albums,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13155207",
"chunk_text": "\"One More Light (song)\"\nChris Cornell who had died a day before. After lead singer Chester Bennington's suicide on July 20, 2017, the band selected \"\"One More Light\"\" as their next single. Shinoda wrote \"\"\"\"One More Light was written with the intention of sending love to those who lost someone. We now find ourselves on the receiving end. In memorial events, art, videos, and images, fans all over the world have gravitated towards this song as their declaration of love and support for the band and the memory of our dear friend, Chester. We are so very grateful and can’t wait to see you",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12511931",
"chunk_text": "\"The Promise (Chris Cornell song)\"\npersonally Armenian, his wife was Greek, and her family line had been affected by the genocide. He initially had reservations, being surprised that Serj Tankian of System of a Down was not asked to write the song, as Tankian was working on the movie itself, and had been quite outspoken about the genocide in the past, though with introspection and discussions with the production staff, he came to the understanding that he was a good combination of being neither too close, nor too far removed from the subject. Initial sessions for the song were difficult, with Cornell working a week",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13701509",
"chunk_text": "\"Catherine Feeny\"\nsong for her international organization One Billion Rising, which focuses on ending violence against women. She has toured with Hal, Aberfeldy, Martha Wainwright, Dr. John, John Prine, Suzanne Vega, and The Hotel Cafe Tour. She has accompanied Kelly Jones of the Stereophonics on the \"\"Only The Names Have Been Changed\"\" tour. Feeny says she is influenced by the likes of Joni Mitchell, The Smiths, Ani Difranco, PJ Harvey, The Cure and Sinéad O'Connor. Before embarking on her solo career, she played in several bands as an adolescent, including LAMPshADE;, among others. Catherine Feeny Catherine Feeny (born 1976) is an American",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "525716",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Korda\"\nChordEase was presented at the 2015 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression. As an electronic/techno musician, Korda released two LPs and six singles and EPs. Korda toured Europe with her album \"\"Man of the Future\"\", released in 2003 by the German electronic music record label International Deejay Gigolo Records. Korda has toured worldwide, using her own software to perform live, including the Sonar music festival in Barcelona 2001. Chris Korda Chris Korda (born 1962) is a US antinatalist activist, techno musician, and software developer, and leader of the Church of Euthanasia. Korda is a transgender vegan and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276148",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\na loner; he was able to deal with his anxiety around other people through rock music. During his teenage years, he spiraled into severe depression, dropped out of school, and almost never left the house. At the age of 12, he had access to alcohol, marijuana, LSD, psilocybin mushrooms and prescription drugs and used them daily by 13, stopped for a year, but relapsed at age 15 for another year until he turned to music. Cornell took piano and guitar lessons as a child. He once explained that his mother saved his life when she bought him a snare drum,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10149986",
"chunk_text": "\"Vitamin C (singer)\"\nsong \"\"Money\"\" was used in the opening of the 2010 Lifetime television movie \"\"Who is Clark Rockefeller?\"\". Vitamin C has written or co-written many songs for other artists. She wrote the song \"\"We Are Gonna Happen\"\" for actress/singer Emma Roberts featured on her 2005 \"\"Unfabulous and More\"\" CD. She co-wrote \"\"Where Do We Go\"\" with Scout Taylor-Compton in 2005. She wrote the single \"\"Make Some Noise\"\" for Krystal Meyers in 2008. In 2009, she wrote \"\"Let's Get Crazy\"\" for Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana. Miley sang the song in-character as Hannah Montana on and Hannah Montana (season 3). Vitamin C",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20876379",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell (album)\"\nthat she felt \"\"we needed to create a special collection to represent all of him – the friend, husband and father, the risk taker and innovator, the poet and artist. His soaring vocals found their way into the hearts and souls of so many. His voice was his vision and his words were his peace. This album is for his fans.\"\" Many of Cornell's friends contributed to the album; including being produced by Brendan O'Brien, with Jeff Ament of Pearl Jam creating the artwork. Everett True of \"\"Classic Rock\"\" rated the album four stars out of five, acclaiming Cornell's \"\"killer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276164",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nAttendance for the shows were high, considering he performed the initial shows before fans were even familiar with the music. The touring band was made up of some of the contributing musicians Alain Johannes, Natasha Shneider, Rick Markmann, and Greg Upchurch. The album proved commercially unsuccessful selling 393,000 copies in the U.S., although the album's single \"\"Can't Change Me\"\" was nominated for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance at the 2000 Grammy Awards. Cornell recorded a version of \"\"Can't Change Me\"\" in French, this version is a bonus on \"\"Euphoria Morning\"\"'s deluxe version. The album includes \"\"Wave Goodbye\"\", Cornell's tribute to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10989785",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris DeWolfe\"\nChris DeWolfe Chris DeWolfe (born 1966) is an American entrepreneur and the former CEO and co-founder of Myspace(along with Tom Anderson). During DeWolfe's tenure, MySpace became the top social network, with over 135 million worldwide unique visitors a month. Under DeWolfe, music became a defining feature of MySpace, which was credited with challenging and reinventing the music label industry with the MySpace Music section, which allowed unsigned artists to post their music for free and launched the careers of several famous musicians, among them Lily Allen and Sean Kingston. Currently, DeWolfe is the CEO of Jam City, Inc. DeWolfe got",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276228",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nin the 2011 album \"\"Melodies & Dreams\"\", a collection of Wood's unreleased recordings and demos. Cornell sings backing vocals in a cover of the Everly Brothers' song \"\"All I Have to Do Is Dream\"\", on Rita Wilson's debut album \"\"AM/FM\"\", released in 2012. On April 18, 2013, the Seattle band Heart was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and Cornell gave Heart's induction speech and emotionally talked about what heroes and role models Ann and Nancy Wilson had been to him and other musicians in Seattle. \"\"For me, and for countless other men and women, they have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9529031",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nI love what he's done with Audioslave and the things he's done since then.\"\" Eddie Vedder declared in a 2009 interview that Cornell was \"\"the best singer that we've got on the planet.\"\" In April 2017, Scott Stapp stated that Cornell was \"\"the greatest pure Rock singer\"\". \"\"I'm really a huge fan of him, and everything that he has done. I just think all around that he is an extremely talented artist, songwriter, singer, and guitar player. He can do so many different things to evoke emotion. From the soulfulness, to the top end of his range when he gets",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276275",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nand his ashes were retained by his widow. Seattle's Space Needle observation tower went dark from 9:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. PST on May 18, 2017, in honor of Cornell and his contributions to the city's music scene. In the same night, Ann Wilson paid tribute to Cornell singing Soundgarden's \"\"Black Hole Sun\"\" on \"\"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\"\". Soundgarden's drummer, Matt Cameron, was the first of Cornell's former bandmates to comment on his death saying \"\"my dark knight is gone\"\" via Facebook. Pearl Jam, whom Cameron also drums for, released a tribute on their website with a picture of Cornell entitled",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17411803",
"chunk_text": "\"Li Yuchun\"\nLi Yuchun Li Yuchun (; born March 10, 1984), better known by her stage name Chris Lee, is a Chinese singer, songwriter, DJ and actress. She debuted her singing career by winning the champion at the Chinese singing contest \"\"Super Girl\"\" in 2005. The next year she released her debut album \"\"The Queen and the Dreams\"\". Referred to as the mother of the unisex look in China, she has achieved success in China. Li was born in Chengdu, Sichuan, China on March 10, 1984. Her father was a railroad police officer, while her mother was a teacher. After she finished",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10115029",
"chunk_text": "\"Scream (Chris Cornell song)\"\nScream (Chris Cornell song) \"\"Scream\"\" is a song by American singer–songwriter Chris Cornell, from his third solo studio album, \"\"Scream\"\". \"\"Scream\"\" is the first official single for the US (and fourth overall) and was released on September 22, 2008. Timbaland is featured in an interlude of the song, but is not credited as a featured artist. A video was also shot for the album's title track, with director Alan Ferguson (Fall Out Boy, Gym Class Heroes). Filmed in Orange, California, the clip reflects the feel of the album, he said. \"\"The idea Alan had for the video, which is pretty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276155",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nstudio album, 1994's \"\"Superunknown\"\", proved to be the band's breakthrough album. Upon its release in March 1994, \"\"Superunknown\"\" debuted at number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200. The album launched several successful singles, including \"\"Spoonman\"\" and \"\"Black Hole Sun\"\", and brought Soundgarden international recognition. \"\"Superunknown\"\" achieved quintuple platinum status in the United States, triple platinum status in Canada, and gold status in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and the Netherlands. \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" gave \"\"Superunknown\"\" four out of five stars. Reviewer J.D. Considine said \"\"Superunknown\"\" \"\"demonstrates far greater range than many bands manage in an entire career.\"\" Considine criticized \"\"Black Hole Sun\"\" and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20876380",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell (album)\"\nacoustic versions\"\", including Michael Jackson's \"\"Billie Jean\"\", which he called \"\"throbbing with restrained power\"\", but called his covers of John Lennon's \"\"Imagine\"\" and the Beatles' \"\"A Day in the Life\"\" \"\"ill-advised\"\", as well as \"\"mawkish\"\" and a \"\"perfunctory run-through\"\", respectively. True felt that while \"\"a majority of this collection is given over to Soundgarden\"\", it is still \"\"Cornell's voice that wins through – a star-burst of a scream, a full-throated delight.\"\" Chris Cornell (album) Chris Cornell is a posthumous compilation album by American musician Chris Cornell, released on November 16, 2018. It compiles his solo work, as well as his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276230",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\n/ January 30, 2015 / Benaroya Hall\"\". Proceeds will benefit the Seattle Symphony and Vitalogy Foundation. In 2016 he sang Drive My Car in Beat Bugs episode 18b. In 1992, Cornell contributed his first solo song \"\"Seasons\"\", and Soundgarden's song \"\"Birth Ritual\"\" to the . He also contributed the song \"\"Sunshower\"\" (a bonus track on the Japanese release of \"\"Euphoria Morning\"\") to the soundtrack of the 1998 film, \"\"Great Expectations\"\", and a reworked version of the track \"\"Mission\"\", retitled \"\"Mission 2000\"\", was used on the to the 2000 film, \"\"\"\". Cornell and composer David Arnold collaborated on the song \"\"You",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9038103",
"chunk_text": "\"Can't Change Me\"\nCan't Change Me \"\"Can't Change Me\"\" is the first single released from Chris Cornell's solo album, \"\"Euphoria Morning\"\". The song peaked at No. 5 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks, and at No. 7 on the Alternative Songs chart. A music video was produced for the song. \"\"Can't Change Me\"\" was nominated for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance at the 2000 Grammy Awards. \"\"Can't Change Me\"\" was released in early 1999 and turned out to be the biggest hit from the album commercially and the song had strong chart positions. \"\"Can't Change Me\"\" was the first Cornell single to chart but",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19536937",
"chunk_text": "\"Blow Up the Outside World\"\nfor the 2014 film \"\"\"\". The same cover was also used in TV spots for the second season of the WGN America drama Manhattan, as well as in Season 1 Episode 7 of Inhumans (TV series). All songs written by Chris Cornell, except where noted: Blow Up the Outside World \"\"Blow Up the Outside World\"\" is a song by the American rock band Soundgarden. Written by frontman Chris Cornell, \"\"Blow Up the Outside World\"\" was released on November 18, 1996, as the third single from the band's fourth studio album, \"\"Down on the Upside\"\" (1996). The song topped the \"\"Billboard\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276158",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nthe Upside\"\". The album spawned several singles, including \"\"Pretty Noose\"\", \"\"Burden in My Hand\"\" and \"\"Blow Up the Outside World\"\". The album was notably less heavy than the group's preceding albums, and marked a further departure from the band's grunge roots. Soundgarden explained at the time that it wanted to experiment with other sounds. David Browne of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" said, \"\"Few bands since Led Zeppelin have so crisply mixed instruments both acoustic and electric.\"\" However, tensions within the group arose during the sessions, with Thayil and Cornell reportedly clashing over Cornell's desire to shift away from the heavy guitar riffing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19697312",
"chunk_text": "\"Cyndi Lauper\"\nof American homeless youths do so. She set up the \"\"True Colors Residence\"\" in New York City for LGBT homeless youths. The 30-bed facility offers temporary shelter and job placement help. Lauper suffers from psoriasis and has been open about her struggle with it, having appeared in advertisements for Cosentyx. Lauper was described by AllMusic's Lindsay Planer as \"\"an iconoclastic vocalist who revolutionized the role of women in rock and roll.\"\" Over her thirty-year career, she influenced multiple recording artists including Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, Vanessa Paradis, Tegan and Sara, and Yelle. Due to her success and influence Lauper has",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18276170",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Cornell\"\nget the whole picture\"\" playing music by Soundgarden and Audioslave, as well as his solo material. In 2008, Cornell was featured on the Main Stage of Linkin Park's Projekt Revolution tour. Throughout the tour, Cornell collaborated with Linkin Park's Chester Bennington while performing \"\"Hunger Strike\"\", and with Street Drum Corps for a number of his Soundgarden tracks. While Linkin Park would perform their Grammy-winning song \"\"Crawling\"\", he would appear on stage singing the second verse of the song, the outro, and harmonies Aaron Lewis provided for the \"\"Reanimation\"\" version. Cornell worked with producer Timbaland on his studio album \"\"Scream\"\", which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_967
|
how tall is the tallest building in las vegas?
|
n/a
|
[
"The Drew Las Vegas",
"1,149 feet"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5490340",
"chunk_text": "\"Crown Las Vegas\"\nthe proposed height. There were plans to resubmit the project, with a new height of . However, on November 20, 2007, the FAA reached a final decision that no structure taller than 1,064 feet (324 m) would be approved in the site. Milam then resubmitted the project to the Clark County Planning Commission at the maximum height allowed by the FAA, and the tower was officially approved for construction on December 6, 2007, with a height of 1,064 feet (324 m). There had been some speculation that Milam may wish to submit plans for the construction of a second, twin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3285059",
"chunk_text": "\"Stratosphere Las Vegas\"\nStratosphere Las Vegas The Stratosphere Las Vegas (formerly Vegas World) is a hotel, casino, and tower located on Las Vegas Boulevard just north of the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. The property's signature attraction is the Stratosphere Tower, the tallest freestanding observation tower in the United States, and the second-tallest in the Western Hemisphere, surpassed only by the CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario. It is the tallest tower west of the Mississippi River and also the tallest structure in Las Vegas and in the State of Nevada. The hotel is a separate building with 24 stories,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5490337",
"chunk_text": "\"Crown Las Vegas\"\nCrown Las Vegas Crown Las Vegas, previously known as the Las Vegas Tower, was a proposed supertall skyscraper that would have been built on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada. If built, the tower would have been tall, making it the tallest building in the United States and 5th tallest in the world. After two major redesigns, the project was cancelled in March 2008. Crown Las Vegas, as originally planned, would have consisted of a casino, a hotel and an observation deck. The tower would have been built on Las Vegas Boulevard on the former site of the Wet",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14563430",
"chunk_text": "\"Majestic Las Vegas\"\n, the largest in Las Vegas. The Majestic would be the second-tallest structure in Las Vegas, behind the Stratosphere tower. Although the Majestic would have fewer floors than other resort towers in Las Vegas, several of those floors would have rooms that would be taller than the standard size. Condominium units would range from to , with prices between $850,000 and $3 million. The Majestic would be the first condominium project to be located on the Las Vegas Strip, and would also be accessible from Paradise Road. The project would include the Majestic Court and Marketplace, consisting of of restaurants",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17883681",
"chunk_text": "\"Fremont Hotel and Casino\"\nFremont Hotel and Casino The Fremont Hotel & Casino is located in downtown Las Vegas, Nevada, on the Fremont Street Experience. The casino is operated by the Boyd Gaming Corporation. The Fremont Hotel is located on 200 Fremont Street. It was designed by architect Wayne McAllister and opened on May 18, 1956 as the tallest building in the state of Nevada. At the time of its opening it had 155 rooms, cost $6 million to open and was owned by Ed Levinson and Lou Lurie. In 1963 the Hotel was expanded to include the 14 story Ogden tower and one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14502432",
"chunk_text": "\"Sky Las Vegas\"\nSky Las Vegas Sky Las Vegas is a 45-story luxury high-rise condominium tower with 409 units, situated on a 3-acre site on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada. A two-story retail project had initially been planned for the site in 2001, although it ultimately did not materialize. Plans for Sky Las Vegas were announced in July 2004, with construction beginning the following year and its opening occurring in May 2007. In February 2001, NewMark Merrill – a developer of strip malls in southern California – announced plans to purchase a property on the Las Vegas Strip. The property, located",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14236145",
"chunk_text": "\"Aria Resort and Casino\"\nCirque du Soleil's rock opera \"\"Zarkana\"\". \"\"Zarkana\"\" closed in April 2016 to allow for the expansion of the convention center. List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas Aria Resort and Casino Aria Resort and Casino is a luxury resort and casino, part of the CityCenter complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. Aria consists of two curved glass and steel highrise towers adjoined at the center. It opened on December 16, 2009 as a joint venture between MGM Resorts International and Infinity World Development. At and in height, it is the largest and tallest structure at CityCenter. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5490341",
"chunk_text": "\"Crown Las Vegas\"\ntower to also rise 1,064 ft (324 m). If constructed, the two Crown Las Vegas towers would then become the tallest twin towers in the Western Hemisphere. However, no official plans have been released. In March 2008, Crown chairman James Packer announced the project was cancelled and the site put up for sale. Milam's two-year option expired in June 2008. Milam and his partners paid $67.1 million in nonrefundable deposits and fees to Archon between June 2006 and June 2008. In December 2008, Milam resubmitted another bid for the Crown Las Vegas Crown Las Vegas, previously known as the Las",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Vegas World\"\nbenefits. In 1989, Stupak was planning a new 1,012-foot neon sign tower for Vegas World. The idea evolved to include an elevator leading up to an observation deck at the top. Stupak said he wanted the tower to become a local landmark, similar to the Eiffel Tower, the Empire State Building, and the Space Needle. Stupak's tower was approved by the Las Vegas City Council in 1990, at which point Vegas World had become the largest personally owned casino resort in the world. A new wing was added to the 25-story hotel tower in 1990. Around 6:00 p.m. on May",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
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"chunk_id": "8931193",
"chunk_text": "\"Panorama Towers\"\nthe 16th tallest in Las Vegas Valley at the time of construction and is currently ranked 35th along with the Marriott's Grand Chateau. Panorama Towers was announced on September 7, 2003, as a business venture between partners Andrew Sasson and Laurence Hallier, who owned Sasson/Hallier Development LLC. The project was announced as a 250-unit condominium complex that would stand 30 stories high and would be built on 10.5 acres of land. Las Vegas-based architecture firm Klai Juba was hired to design the project. Klai Juba's iconic aqua-blue glass towers have been nominated and won numerous awards from the design, construction",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
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"chunk_id": "18794762",
"chunk_text": "\"The D Las Vegas\"\nThe D Las Vegas The D Las Vegas Casino Hotel is a 34-story, 638-room hotel and casino in Downtown Las Vegas Nevada, owned and operated by Derek and Greg Stevens. The D is located at the eastern end of the Fremont Street Experience. It has a casino, several restaurants, a business center, and a pool. The casino now has more than 1,000 slot machines and 22 table games located on two floors. It is the tallest building in downtown Las Vegas and the second-tallest inside the city limits, having been surpassed by Allure Las Vegas in 2007. As Fitzgeralds, it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
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"chunk_id": "14288898",
"chunk_text": "\"Chase Tower (Phoenix)\"\nChase Tower (Phoenix) The Chase Tower (formerly known as Valley Center and Bank One Center) in Phoenix, Arizona, is the tallest building in the state of Arizona. Built in 1972, it is 483 feet (147 m) tall. It was originally built for local financial heavyweight Valley National Bank, which Bank One merged with in 1993. Bank One merged with Chase in 2005, and the building was renamed in December 2005. It is 40 stories tall, but the highest occupiable floor is the 38th. There is no longer a public observation area on the 39th floor in the Chase Tower; it",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
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"chunk_id": "6428125",
"chunk_text": "\"The Landmark Hotel and Casino\"\nfloors 13 and 28. The Landmark tower was the tallest building in the state from 1962 to 1969. In 1967, a revolving letter \"\"L\"\" neon sign was installed at the top of the tower. Excluding its rooftop sign, the tower stood , seven feet taller than the Mint hotel in downtown Las Vegas. Conflicting numbers have been given for the tower's total height. According to Scherer, the sign measured , and the tower measured , including the sign. At the time of opening, the Landmark tower was billed as having a height of . By that time, the new 30-story",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_text": "\"Allure Las Vegas\"\n2007, while the tower's signature design aspect, a rooftop crown ornament, was beginning to take shape. The tower was expected to be completed in September 2007. In July 2007, the first tower standing 41 stories high, with 248 units was 85-percent complete, with construction on the parking garage also nearing completion. It was hoped that construction would conclude by the end of the year. Residents began moving into the first tower at the end of December 2007. At the time of completion, Allure was the tallest residential building within Las Vegas city limits. The second tower was cancelled because of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_id": "18161850",
"chunk_text": "\"Vanity height\"\nVanity height Vanity height is defined by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) as the height difference between a skyscraper's pinnacle and the highest usable floor (usually observatory, office, restaurant, retail or hotel/residential). Because the CTBUH ranks the world's tallest buildings by height to pinnacle, a number of buildings appear higher in the rankings than they otherwise would due to extremely long spires. The controversy began when the Petronas Towers were named as the world's tallest buildings in 1998, despite having a roof 63.4 m (208 ft) lower than that of the Willis Tower. The current world's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_id": "20326386",
"chunk_text": "\"High Roller (Ferris wheel)\"\nin 2016 and it is now expected to open in 2017. High Roller (Ferris wheel) High Roller is a , diameter giant Ferris wheel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States of America. It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation. It opened to the public on March 31, 2014 and is currently the world's tallest Ferris wheel. It is taller than its predecessor, the Singapore Flyer, which had held the record since 2008. High Roller was announced in August 2011 as the centerpiece of Caesars Entertainment Corporation's $550 million The LINQ. Arup Engineering, which previously",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_id": "14249459",
"chunk_text": "\"Arlington Towers\"\nincluded a 33-ton pedestrian bridge connecting to the tower, which was scheduled for completion by the following month, at a cost of $4.5 million. Due to the elevator installers' strike, the tower was expected to open with only one elevator, while an estimated six weeks would be required to finish approximately 20 percent of elevator work that was remaining. Arlington Towers was the tallest building in Reno when it was completed, and retained that title until the completion of the Eldorado Resort Casino in 1973. The 22-story building stands approximately , and featured 194 units at the time of its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9808174",
"chunk_text": "\"Stratosphere Las Vegas\"\nmany episodes of . Stratosphere Las Vegas The Stratosphere Las Vegas (formerly Vegas World) is a hotel, casino, and tower located on Las Vegas Boulevard just north of the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. The property's signature attraction is the Stratosphere Tower, the tallest freestanding observation tower in the United States, and the second-tallest in the Western Hemisphere, surpassed only by the CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario. It is the tallest tower west of the Mississippi River and also the tallest structure in Las Vegas and in the State of Nevada. The hotel is a separate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
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"chunk_id": "15990642",
"chunk_text": "\"Aria Resort and Casino\"\nAria Resort and Casino Aria Resort and Casino is a luxury resort and casino, part of the CityCenter complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. Aria consists of two curved glass and steel highrise towers adjoined at the center. It opened on December 16, 2009 as a joint venture between MGM Resorts International and Infinity World Development. At and in height, it is the largest and tallest structure at CityCenter. The resort's 61 and 51-story towers contain an American Automobile Association five diamond hotel with 4,004 guest rooms and suites, 16 restaurants, 10 bars and nightclubs, and a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20019109",
"chunk_text": "\"High Roller (Ferris wheel)\"\nHigh Roller (Ferris wheel) High Roller is a , diameter giant Ferris wheel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States of America. It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation. It opened to the public on March 31, 2014 and is currently the world's tallest Ferris wheel. It is taller than its predecessor, the Singapore Flyer, which had held the record since 2008. High Roller was announced in August 2011 as the centerpiece of Caesars Entertainment Corporation's $550 million The LINQ. Arup Engineering, which previously consulted on the Singapore Flyer, acted as the structural engineer. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10831476",
"chunk_text": "\"Wilshire Grand Center\"\nof concrete poured in one continuous pour, which was set in 1999 during the construction of The Venetian hotel in Las Vegas. On March 8, 2016, the topping out ceremony was held. On March 17, 2016, a construction worker died by suicide after jumping from the 53rd floor, landing on a vehicle below. On September 3, 2016, the Wilshire Grand became the tallest building in Los Angeles at 1,100 feet. The supertall building opened on June 23, 2017. The building, while recognized as \"\"tallest\"\" in the city by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, achieves this recognition through",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "18066829",
"chunk_text": "\"The D Las Vegas\"\nbitcoin instantly for cash. The D Las Vegas The D Las Vegas Casino Hotel is a 34-story, 638-room hotel and casino in Downtown Las Vegas Nevada, owned and operated by Derek and Greg Stevens. The D is located at the eastern end of the Fremont Street Experience. It has a casino, several restaurants, a business center, and a pool. The casino now has more than 1,000 slot machines and 22 table games located on two floors. It is the tallest building in downtown Las Vegas and the second-tallest inside the city limits, having been surpassed by Allure Las Vegas in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "6897941",
"chunk_text": "\"The Landmark Hotel and Casino\"\nthe capacity to hold 3,500 people after its completion. That month, work was underway on the steel framework base for the tower's glass bubble dome. By September 1962, the Landmark tower was nearing completion and had become the tallest building in Las Vegas and the state, being visible from 20 miles away. By that time, many stores in the Landmark Plaza had closed due to falling debris that included welding sparks, steel, tools, rivets, and cement. A construction delay occurred in September 1962, when shipments of steel for the tower's dome were deemed inadequate and crews had to wait for",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
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"chunk_id": "17132252",
"chunk_text": "\"The Palazzo\"\nThe Palazzo The Palazzo is a luxury hotel and casino resort located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is the tallest completed building in Nevada. Designed by the Dallas based HKS, Inc., the hotel offers luxury in an Italian Renaissance ambiance. The hotel and casino are part of a larger complex (operated as one hotel) comprising the adjoining Venetian Resort and Casino and the Sands Convention Center, all of which are owned and operated by the Las Vegas Sands Corporation. This all-suite hotel offers the largest standard accommodations on the Las Vegas Strip at per guest room.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
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"chunk_id": "10257130",
"chunk_text": "\"LV Strip (Nevada gaming area)\"\nTriple Five Group was in the process of trying to assemble of North Strip land just south of the Riviera Casino. By April 2008, they had acquired at a cost of $380 million. They applied to the FAA for height clearance for eight 572' towers. Another project announced was the construction of a Marriott Marquis on land currently occupied by a Residence Inn and a Courtyard Inn belonging to Marriott corporation. The Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas was the most visible failure as it topped out the tallest building in Las Vegas before going bankrupt. Initial offers for selling the uncompleted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8830862",
"chunk_text": "\"Arlington Towers\"\nArlington Towers Arlington Towers is a 22-story condominium tower located at 100 North Arlington Avenue in Reno, Nevada. Construction began in June 1965, with completion initially scheduled for August 1966. Completion was delayed because of various issues, including a 78-day construction worker strike. The 22-story tower was ultimately completed in 1967, and was the tallest building in Reno until 1973. The building contains shops and offices on the first two floors, while the remaining floors initially consisted of apartment units. In 1984, the apartments were converted to condominiums. Vince Griffith – through his companies RLC First, LLC and Reno Engineering",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14288901",
"chunk_text": "\"Chase Tower (Phoenix)\"\nChannel series \"\"Life After People\"\". Chase Tower (Phoenix) The Chase Tower (formerly known as Valley Center and Bank One Center) in Phoenix, Arizona, is the tallest building in the state of Arizona. Built in 1972, it is 483 feet (147 m) tall. It was originally built for local financial heavyweight Valley National Bank, which Bank One merged with in 1993. Bank One merged with Chase in 2005, and the building was renamed in December 2005. It is 40 stories tall, but the highest occupiable floor is the 38th. There is no longer a public observation area on the 39th floor",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "18081",
"chunk_text": "\"Veer Towers\"\nVeer Towers Veer Towers are twin 37-story, , residential towers located within CityCenter on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. Each tower houses 335 luxury condominium units ranging from . The two towers were designed by Murphy/Jahn Architects of Chicago and lean in opposite directions (five degrees from center). Every residence has a view of the Las Vegas skyline. Lobbies and public spaces were developed by Francisco Gonzalez Pulido and showcase works by natural light. Dianna Wong Architecture & Interior Design designed the residences. The rooftop Sky Decks include infinity edge swimming pools, hot tubs, sun decks and summer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14986488",
"chunk_text": "\"Stratosphere Las Vegas\"\nengineers and architects to flesh out the design and move the project to completion. In February 1990, Stupak unveiled his revised plans for a $50 million, 1,012-foot observation tower with a top floor that would include a revolving restaurant and four penthouse suites. The tower was also to include an indoor park of African lions, as well as four wedding chapels. In April 1990, the Las Vegas City Council approved Stupak's tower, despite objections from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which stated that it was 200 feet too tall. Stupak had initially envisioned an 1,800-foot tower, although the height was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6836285",
"chunk_text": "\"Ivana Las Vegas\"\nwould have been the tallest habitable structure in the Las Vegas Valley, and one of the tallest residential towers in the world. Di Mauro said the project would be financed by \"\"internal and external funding,\"\" such as revenue from other businesses that he owned. The Summit was designed by JMA Architecture Studios, and was to feature 960 condo units, with nine different floor plans to be offered. Entry-level units were expected to sell for $600,000 to $700,000. The Summit's lower-floor units would be fully furnished, and would be marketed towards people looking to buy a second home, giving owners the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20860998",
"chunk_text": "\"Architecture of Macau\"\n“Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers (HK) Ltd. (DLN)” as their 9th tallest building. The Grand Lisboa has 48 floors above ground and 4 below, with 433 hotel rooms and 338 parking spots. Macau's most recently constructed tall building, finished in 2018, is the Morpheus building, which is a multi story building that stands at 155.2m (509 feet) tall with 40 floors above ground and 770 hotel rooms. Architecturally, the Morpheus is unconventionally constructed with an exoskeleton design and 3 separate openings that travel through the middle of the building. The building was designed by the late",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18850071",
"chunk_text": "\"The Mint Las Vegas\"\nwas planned to include 24 floors. Construction reached the 24th floor at the end of the year, with plans for an additional four floors. The hotel tower was ultimately built with 26 stories, and was topped out on March 20, 1965, with plans to open later that month. The new tower stood , and was one of the tallest buildings in the state at the time, ranking only behind The Landmark Hotel and Casino, which stood . Renovations were also done to the existing building, which included work to the Merri Mint Theatre, and expanded dining areas. In 1988, The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1992496",
"chunk_text": "Spire\n1,776-foot (541-m) One World Trade Center building at Ground Zero in New York City is built with a spire, the height of which (being a permanent structure and not just an antenna) puts the building over the mark for the tallest building in the United States. Without the spire, the Willis Tower would still hold the title for tallest building in the US. A spire declared the presence of the gothic church at a distance and advertised its connection to heaven. The tall, slender pyramidal twelfth-century spire on the south tower Chartres Catedral is one of the earliest spires. Openwork",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "13172730",
"chunk_text": "\"Sky Las Vegas\"\nconstruction site. No damage was done to the building. M.J. Dean was the general contractor for the project, which cost $325 million. Hypo Real Estate co-financed the project by providing either $216.3 million or $260 million. Sky Las Vegas opened in May 2007, and was the first high-rise condominium project to open on the Las Vegas Strip. Four three-story residences known as SkySuites – each with four bedrooms and five bathrooms and measuring – occupy the upper three floors, above the penthouses. In July 2007, an unfinished penthouse sold for $2.7 million. Some units were rented out because of difficulty",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6428124",
"chunk_text": "\"The Landmark Hotel and Casino\"\nkind to be built in Nevada; its design was inspired by the Space Needle tower located in Seattle, Washington. When construction stopped in 1962, the project consisted of of floor space, and included two basements that were 30 feet deep. The tower's height measured 297 feet, while its diameter measured 60 feet. The tower's dome measured 141 feet in diameter. In 1966 – the year that construction resumed – architects George Tate and Thomas Dobrusky were hired to design new portions of the resort, including the ground-floor casino. The Landmark tower was billed as having 31 floors, although it skipped",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
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"chunk_id": "14249462",
"chunk_text": "\"Arlington Towers\"\nleased out to six other tenants. Renovations neared completion in April 2016. The first floor is occupied by various businesses. The tower remains as the 11th tallest building in Reno. Arlington Towers Arlington Towers is a 22-story condominium tower located at 100 North Arlington Avenue in Reno, Nevada. Construction began in June 1965, with completion initially scheduled for August 1966. Completion was delayed because of various issues, including a 78-day construction worker strike. The 22-story tower was ultimately completed in 1967, and was the tallest building in Reno until 1973. The building contains shops and offices on the first two",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12651627",
"chunk_text": "\"The Drew Las Vegas\"\nThe Drew Las Vegas The Drew Las Vegas (formerly known as Fontainebleau Las Vegas) is an unfinished resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip on the site previously occupied by the El Rancho Hotel and Casino and the Algiers Hotel in Winchester, Nevada. It was intended to be a sister property to the well-known 1950s-era Fontainebleau Miami Beach hotel. Excluding the nearby Stratosphere observation tower, the Drew's 63-floor hotel building is the tallest building in Las Vegas and in the state. Fontainebleau Las Vegas was announced in May 2005, with initial plans to begin construction by March 2006, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9665114",
"chunk_text": "\"The Harmon\"\nthe tower began in the summer of 2014 and was completed in the fall of 2015. At the beginning of the project, the hotel was called the Lifestyle Hotel and then The Harmon Hotel, Spa & Residences. The tower was planned to have 400 hotel rooms and approximately 207 condominium residences from on 49 floors. The hotel's pool deck was planned to be on the roof high above the Las Vegas Strip. The exterior of the building was finished in 2009, but the interior work to correct the construction issues was to continue into 2010. In late 2008, work on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5510545",
"chunk_text": "\"Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas\"\nCosmopolitan of Las Vegas The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas (commonly referred to simply as The Cosmopolitan or The Cosmo) is a luxury resort casino and hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The resort opened on December 15, 2010, and is located just south of the Bellagio on the west side of Las Vegas Boulevard. It consists of two highrise towers, the Boulevard Tower and the Chelsea Tower, both of which are 184 meters (603 ft) tall. The $3.9 billion project features 3,027 rooms, a casino, of retail and restaurant space, a spa and fitness facility, a 3,200-seat",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14640754",
"chunk_text": "\"Resorts World Las Vegas\"\nremain part of the resort upon its completion. Genting was known to proceed slowly and quietly on some of its projects, as it did with Resorts World Las Vegas. Much of the final design work and planning was done privately. Early plans stated that the entire project would contain upon completion, including four hotel towers and a total of 6,648 rooms. The towers would be between 44 and 57 stories, with a maximum height of 679 feet. In December 2013, it was announced that the first phase was expected to cost $4 billion. In May 2014, Genting received preliminary approval",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7996564",
"chunk_text": "\"Fremont Hotel and Casino\"\n\"\"Swingers\"\" were filmed inside the Fremont, including their games of blackjack. The casino also appears periodically in the 1992 Disney film, \"\"Honey, I Blew Up the Kid\"\". Fremont Hotel and Casino The Fremont Hotel & Casino is located in downtown Las Vegas, Nevada, on the Fremont Street Experience. The casino is operated by the Boyd Gaming Corporation. The Fremont Hotel is located on 200 Fremont Street. It was designed by architect Wayne McAllister and opened on May 18, 1956 as the tallest building in the state of Nevada. At the time of its opening it had 155 rooms, cost $6",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6428122",
"chunk_text": "\"The Landmark Hotel and Casino\"\na.m. on November 7, 1995, the Landmark tower was demolished in 17 seconds through implosion. Upon detonation, the tower's northwest half was brought down, followed by the second half, which caved in on itself, followed by a black cloud of dust ascending 150 feet into the air. Most of the material from the demolished structure was to be recycled and used in other construction projects. The 31-story tower was the tallest reinforced concrete building ever demolished in North America, and the second tallest building in the world to be demolished. Frank Wright, curator of the Nevada State Museum and Historical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19821873",
"chunk_text": "\"Architecture of Macau\"\nMacau's first building over 150m was the Bank of China, which is located in the City of Macau and currently stands at 163m (535 feet) tall. The tallest completed building in Macau is the Grand Lisboa Casino & Hotel, with an architectural height to the tip of 258m (846 feet) and a residential height of 197.7m (649 feet). These statistics rank the height of the building as #332 in the world. The building began construction in 2003 and was completed in 2008. Functioning as a hotel/casino and made from predominately steel, concrete and glass, it was designed by architectural company",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11079761",
"chunk_text": "\"Las Vegas Valley\"\nalso becoming common in Las Vegas ever since The Howard Hughes Corporation began work on Summerlin, an upper-class community on the west side of the valley. The massive project CityCenter broke ground on June 26, 2006. Now completed at 3780 Las Vegas Boulevard South, it is the largest privately funded building complex in the world. At a cost of $9.2 billion, CityCenter was one of the largest projects in Vegas history. It put a massive strain on the construction ability and workforce of the area due to number of laborers and amount of materials required. Because of this, prices of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8831600",
"chunk_text": "\"Arlington Towers\"\nin Nevada without a license. According to Sardis' lawyer, his design for the building was an engineering concept rather than an architectural concept. Construction reached the fifth floor later that month. Upon completion, the tower was to stand , approximately higher than the tallest building in Reno at that time: the 16-story First National Bank of Nevada. The first three floors were to be occupied by offices and retail shops, while the fourth floor would be recreational and the remaining floors would be residential. In February 1966, concrete was poured for the 10th floor, while a crew of 75 men",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6836284",
"chunk_text": "\"Ivana Las Vegas\"\nwas put up for sale in December 2005, after the project had been cancelled because of rising construction costs. The condominium high-rise project was initially announced as The Summit on August 19, 2004. The project was to be built by a company called Sahara Condominiums, with financing from Australian developers Joseph Di Mauro and Victor Altomare. Altomare had been convinced of Las Vegas' \"\"developer-friendly environment\"\" by Las Vegas mayor Oscar Goodman and city officials. The Summit was to feature 73 floors and stand 940 feet, and was to be built at a cost of $700 million. If built, the Summit",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897937",
"chunk_text": "\"The Landmark Hotel and Casino\"\nthe project progressed. Fremont Construction, owned by Louis P. Scherer of Redlands, California, began construction of the tower at the end of September 1961, under a $1.5 million contract. Caroll's company, Caroll Construction Company, also worked on the tower. At the start of construction, the tower was to include 20 stories, while completion was planned for early 1963. The tower was built on a five-foot-thick base of concrete and steel, measuring 80 feet in diameter and resting on a base of caliche that descended 30 feet into the ground. Consolidated Construction company was the concrete subcontractor for the tower. By",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12800247",
"chunk_text": "\"Downtown Las Vegas\"\nentities that are helping to diversity downtown Las Vegas' economy and job base. The square footage of World Market Center Las Vegas is greater than both the Willis Tower in Chicago and the Empire State Building in New York City. The city is also working to attract events to the downtown area. Recently held events include \"\"Helldorado\"\" and the \"\"Life is Beautiful\"\" festival. In 2012 several new downtown projects were completed. The Smith Center for the Performing Arts, the new Mob Museum and a new City Hall building opened. The Discovery Children's Museum opened next door to The Smith Center",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7009194",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the world's tallest buildings\"\nskyscraper was the World Trade Center, which was completed in 1971. The north tower was and the south tall. It surpassed the height of the Empire State Building by . Two years later the Sears Tower was built in Chicago, standing at with 110 floors, surpassing the height of the World Trade Center by . The Petronas Towers rose 10 meters above the Sears Tower, standing at a height of and each having 88 floors. In 2004, the construction of Taipei 101 brought the height of skyscrapers to a new level, standing at with 101 floors. It is taller than",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1102186",
"chunk_text": "Skyscraper\nto use even more than two levels on an elevator, although this has never been done. The main problem with double-deck elevators is that they cause everyone in the elevator to stop when only people on one level need to get off at a given floor. Buildings with sky lobbies include the World Trade Center, Petronas Twin Towers and Taipei 101. The 44th-floor sky lobby of the John Hancock Center also featured the first high-rise indoor swimming pool, which remains the highest in America. Skyscrapers are usually situated in city centers where the price of land is high. Constructing a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_968
|
who won the ladies ice skating in the olympics?
|
n/a
|
[
"Alina Zagitova"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12492767",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the Olympic Games\"\ngold, rebounding from a two-nothing deficit late in the game. With the win, Canadians Hayley Wickenheiser, Jayna Hefford and Caroline Ouellette became the first athletes to win four ice hockey gold medals. They also joined Soviet biathlete Alexander Tikhonov and German speedskater Claudia Pechstein as the only athletes to win gold medals in four straight Winter Olympics. In the bronze medal game Switzerland beat Sweden 4–3 to win their first women's medal. In 2018, the United States defeated Canada for the gold medal in a shootout, winning 3–2. The Americans' winning the gold medal game marks the first time in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4165113",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 21 February, and the free skating was held on 23 February. For a complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best scores were set during this competition: The Olympic Athletes from Russia set two subsequent world records in the short program on February 21, with Evgenia Medvedeva scoring 81.61 and then Alina",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9081612",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament\"\nteam in 1920–32. Canadians Hayley Wickenheiser, Jayna Hefford and Caroline Ouellette became the first hockey players to win four Olympic gold medals. They also joined Soviet biathlete Alexander Tikhonov and German speed skater Claudia Pechstein as the only athletes to win gold medals in four straight Winter Olympics. On December 6, 2017 six Russian ice hockey players were disqualified for doping violations. Results of the Russian team were annulled. The IIHF was requested to modify the results accordingly. Tatiana Burina and Anna Shukina were also disqualified ten days later. Russia qualified as the host. Canada, the United States, Finland, Switzerland,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3649086",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event\"\nOlympic Committee; accompanied by Halina Gordon-Poltorak, ISU Ice Dance Technical Committee Chair, Fabio Bianchetti, ISU Single and Pair Skating Technical Committee Chair, and Christopher Buchanan, ISU Synchronized Skating Technical Committee Chair. For a complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best score was set during this competition: This record was shortly broken in the 2018 Winter Olympics Ladies's Short Program by Alina Zagitova with a score of 82.92. Evgenia broke her own record with a score of 81.61, before Zagitova scored higher after skating after. A total of 10 teams",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16199605",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice dance\"\nOksana Domnina and Maxim Shabalin won bronze, but it was the first time Europeans had not won a gold medal in the history of ice dance at the Olympics. The U.S. began to dominate international competitions in ice dance at the turn of the 21st century; at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi, Davis and White won the Olympics gold medal. In 2018, at the Olympics in PyeongChang, Virtue and Moir became the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history after winning the gold medal there. Skaters must only execute the prescribed elements; if they do not, the extra or unprescribed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20706806",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament\"\nhave an expanded roster of 35 where 22 players dress for each game. Three North Korean players were selected for each game by coach Sarah Murray. The United States winning the gold medal game against Canada marks the first time in 20 years that the United States took home a gold medal in women's hockey. They previously won in 1998 in Nagano, Japan, which was also against Canada. Canada's loss effectively ended their winning streak of four consecutive winter games, having won since 2002. Canada and the United States assured themselves of top four ranking after the 2016 Women's Ice",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18712733",
"chunk_text": "\"Alina Zagitova\"\nAlina Zagitova Alina Ilnazovna Zagitova (, , born 18 May 2002) is a Russian figure skater. She is the 2018 Olympic champion, the 2018 European champion, 2017–18 Grand Prix Final champion, and the 2018 Russian national champion. Zagitova also won a silver medal in the team event at the 2018 Winter Olympics, representing the Olympic Athletes from Russia team. Earlier in her career, she won gold at the 2017 World Junior Championships and at the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix Final. At the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix Final, she became the first junior lady to achieve a total score above the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19463765",
"chunk_text": "\"2006 Winter Olympics\"\nwomen's ice hockey teams posted their second straight shutout wins. Chinese figure skating pair Zhang Dan and Zhang Hao, trailing a dominant Russian pair, attempted a throw quadruple salchow jump—an element which had never been successfully completed in competition. Zhang Dan fell, injuring her knee, but the pair finished their program to a standing ovation and took the silver medal. Russia finished the third day of competition with two gold medals, as did the United States. The fourth day saw the two North American women's hockey teams finish out pool play with their third win each. Evgeni Plushenko of Russia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10617801",
"chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nNYPD and FDNY members. German Georg Hackl won a silver in the singles luge, becoming the first athlete in Olympic history to win medals in the same individual event in five consecutive Olympics. Canada achieved an unprecedented double by winning both the men's and women's ice hockey gold medals. Canada became embroiled with Russia in a controversy that involved the judging of the pairs figure skating competition. The Russian pair of Yelena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze competed against the Canadian pair of Jamie Salé and David Pelletier for the gold medal. The Canadians appeared to have skated well enough to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7630122",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\"\nchampion Irina Slutskaya, the first woman to win the European Championship seven times. Prior to the Olympic Games, she had only been beaten once this season, by Japan's Mao Asada, who was too young to compete at these Olympics. Favorite Michelle Kwan, who had previously won silver at the 1998 Winter Olympics and bronze at the 2002 Winter Olympics, was forced to withdraw due to a groin injury. As a 5-time world champion and 9-time U.S. champion, the Olympic gold was the only major title missing from her resume. U.S. national bronze medalist Emily Hughes (the younger sister of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6347461",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance The ice dance competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 19 and 20 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short ice dance was held on 19 February and the free ice dance was held on 20 February. Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir scored 83.67 in the short dance, breaking their own world record. Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron finished in second place, 1.74 points behind Virtue/Moir. Madison Hubbell and Zachary Donohue finished in third place, and Maia Shibutani and Alex Shibutani were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18759234",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Ice dance\"\nFigure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Ice dance The ice dance competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The short dance was held on 16 February and the free dance on 17 February. The competition was won by Meryl Davis and Charlie White from the United States. This was the first time the U.S. had won a gold medal in ice dance. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. Prior to the competition, the existing ISU highest scores were: The following",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4165115",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\"\nfree skate 36.00. The short program was held on 21 February. The free skating was held on 23 February. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Evgenia Medvedeva finished at higher place due to better program component score <BR> The skaters were ranked according to their overall score. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 21 February, and the free skating was held on 23 February. For a complete list of figure skating records, see",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6333218",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot became Olympic champions after finishing fourth in the short program and setting a record with their score in the free program. Sui Wenjing and Han Cong, leading after the short program, made a couple of mistakes in the free program and won silver. Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3649085",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event The team event was a figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics that was held from 9 to 12 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. It took place over three days between 9–12 February with the short programs and the short dance taking place on 9 and 11 February, and the free skates and the free dance taking place on 11 and 12 February. In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Tricia Smith, Lydia Nsekera, and Britta Heidemann, members of the International",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4197312",
"chunk_text": "\"Freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's moguls\"\nFreestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's moguls The Women's moguls event in freestyle skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics took place at the Bogwang Phoenix Park, Pyeongchang, South Korea from 9 to 11 February 2018. It was won by Perrine Laffont, with Justine Dufour-Lapointe taking silver and Yuliya Galysheva taking bronze. For Laffont and Galysheva these were first Olympic medals. Galysheva also won the first ever medal in Kazakhstan in freestyle skiing. The field included the defending champion, Justine Dufour-Lapointe, and the 2014 silver medalist and her sister, Chloé Dufour-Lapointe. Both advanced to Final 1, but only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3136842",
"chunk_text": "\"1994 Winter Olympics\"\nwas the only nation to take two medals; Stine Lise Hattestad won the moguls ahead of the United States' Liz McIntyre. In the aerials, Lina Cheryazova won, claiming Uzbekistan's only medal, ahead of Sweden's Marie Lindgren and Norway's Hilde Synnøve Lid. Twelve teams participated in the ice hockey tournament, divided into two groups. Each played as a single round robin, with the four best advancing to the single elimination medal tournament. Group A saw Finland win all five matches, while the host nation lost all theirs. Also Germany, the Czech Republic and Russia advanced from the group, all with three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18366224",
"chunk_text": "\"CC Amfi\"\n1000 meters and South Korea won the 3000 meter relay. At 13, Kim Yoon-Mi became the world's youngest Olympic gold medalist. In figure skating, relaxation of the amateurism rules led to several former stars returning. The ladies' singles has resulted in the as-yet highest United States Winter Olympic television viewership, thanks to Tonya Harding's ex-husband Jeff Gillooly hiring Shane Stant to club fellow female figure skater Nancy Kerrigan in the knee. The ladies' singles was won by Ukraine's Oksana Baiul, while the men's singles was won by Russia's Alexei Urmanov, the ice dancing was won by Russians Oksana Grishuk and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5323337",
"chunk_text": "\"Katarina Witt\"\nto a double loop. This left room for Thomas to win the long program, but Thomas missed three of her five planned triple jumps. Canadian skater Elizabeth Manley won the long program convincingly over Witt (seven judges to two), however Witt retained her Olympic title based on her overall scores (she had finished ahead of Manley in both the compulsory figures and the short program). Witt became only the second woman in figure skating history (after Sonja Henie) to defend her Olympic title successfully. Had Manley not narrowly lost second place to Thomas in the short program (by one judge),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16199604",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice dance\"\nand legitimacy as a sport, there was allegations of \"\"bloc voting\"\" that favored European dance teams. There were even calls to suspend the sport for a year to deal with the dispute, which seemed to impact ice dance teams from North America the most. The European dominance of ice dance was interrupted at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, when Canadian ice dance team Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir won the gold medal, marking the first time a team from North America won a gold medal at the Olympics, and Americans Meryl Davis and Charlie White won the silver. Russians",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1883716",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics\"\nthe Canadian duo of Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir who were the defending Olympic champions. Virtue and Moir lost crucial marks in the Finnstep element of the short program which resulted in a wide 2.56 point deficit with Davis and White. Petri Kokko, one of the creators of the Finnstep, tweeted: \"\"I don't understand the judging in #icedancing. @Virtue--Moir should be leading in my honest opinion.\"\" In the ladies' singles event, Adelina Sotnikova (Russia) won the gold medal, while Kim Yuna (South Korea) was awarded the silver. The results sparked a worldwide media debate on the outcome. Media reports on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8434605",
"chunk_text": "\"2002 Winter Olympics figure skating scandal\"\nlive broadcast, both the American (NBC Sports' Tom Hammond, Scott Hamilton and Sandra Bezic) and Canadian (CBC Sports' Paul Martini and Barbara Underhill) television commentators proclaimed that Salé and Pelletier had won as they finished, and expressed outrage when the judges' marks were announced. There was immediate suspicion of cheating, according to ABC's \"\"Good Morning America\"\" and \"\"USA Today\"\". Judges from Russia, the People's Republic of China, Poland, Ukraine, and France had placed the Russians first; judges from the United States, Canada, Germany, and Japan chose the Canadians. Suspicion fell quickly on the French judge, Marie-Reine Le Gougne. When Le",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16555748",
"chunk_text": "\"Single skating\"\nhowever, only the last jump element performed during the short program and the final three jump elements performed during the free skate, counted in a skater's final score. \"\"International Skating Magazine\"\" called this regulation the \"\"Zagitova Rule\"\", named for Alina Zagitova from Russia, who won the gold medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics by \"\"backloading\"\" her free skating program, or placing all her jumps in the second half of the program in order to take advantage of the rule in place at the time that awarded a 10% bonus to jumps performed during the second half of the program. Also",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9956979",
"chunk_text": "\"Evgenia Medvedeva\"\nEvgenia Medvedeva Evgenia Armanovna Medvedeva (alt. spelling: Yevgenia Medvedeva; ; born 19 November 1999), is a Russian figure skater. She is a two-time Olympic silver medalist (2018 ladies' singles, 2018 team event), a two-time world champion (2016, 2017), a two-time European champion (2016, 2017), a two-time Grand Prix Final champion (2015, 2016), and a two-time Russian national champion (2016, 2017). Earlier in her career, she won the 2015 World Junior Championships, the 2014 Junior Grand Prix Final, and the 2015 Russian Junior Championships. Medvedeva is the first ladies' singles skater to win senior Worlds the year after winning Junior Worlds,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14664810",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics\"\nbeat Butyrskaya by the tally of 5 judges to 4 and beat Slutskaya 6 judges to 3, giving Chen her second straight bronze medal in the Olympic Games. Tara Lipinski (gold), Michelle Kwan (silver) and Chen Lu (bronze) were the World Champions in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. FS=Free Skating SP=Short Program, FS=Free Skating Referee: Assistant Referee: Judges: This was the second Olympics that Dmitriev won Gold. He previously won in 1992 with a different partner. He is the only man to win the Olympics with different partners. Soviet skater Irina Rodnina won three Olympics with two different partners. Referee:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11550264",
"chunk_text": "\"History of figure skating\"\nthe entire United States figure skating team and their coaches. The event sharply reduced American strength in the sport for a period but by the late 1960s the country began a resurgence led by Peggy Fleming. The Soviet Union began appearing on the international scene in the late 1950s. Winning gold at the 1964 Winter Olympics, Ludmila Belousova / Oleg Protopopov began a forty-year Soviet/Russian gold medal streak in pair skating—the longest in Olympic sports history, running from 1964 to 2006. 1973 was the last year in which solid gold medals were awarded in figure skating. Once worth 60% of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6347463",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance\"\nscored enough points overall to win the gold medal, setting another world record with a total score of 206.07. This was the third Olympic medal that Virtue/Moir had won in ice dance; they won their first gold in 2010 and they took silver in 2014. It was also their fifth Olympic medal overall (including two team medals in 2014 and 2018), making them the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best scores were set during this competition: A total of 24",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13044378",
"chunk_text": "\"Sarah Hughes\"\nwin the event. Michelle Kwan, who was in first place after the short program would have to lose the free program to Hughes and one other skater as well. Hughes won the free skate, with Irina Slutskaya placing second in that portion, ahead of Kwan. Therefore, the final standings were Hughes in first, Slutskaya in second and Kwan in third. Hughes won the gold medal at age of 16 years and 295 days, became one of the youngest figure skating Olympic champions. She is the only American woman to have won the Olympic title without ever having won either a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1738507",
"chunk_text": "\"International figure skating\"\nskater to stand on an Olympic podium, winning silver at the Winter Olympics in Albertville, France. She is the first woman to land a triple-triple jump combination and a triple Axel in competition. In February 2006, Shizuka Arakawa became the first Japanese skater to be awarded an Olympic gold medal. Narumi Takahashi / Mervin Tran won Japan's first World medal in pair skating, taking bronze at the 2012 World Championships in Nice, France. In February 2014, Yuzuru Hanyu won Japan's first Olympic title in men's figure skating. Mao Asada is her country's most successful ladies' figure skater at the World",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18715165",
"chunk_text": "\"Alina Zagitova\"\nskating. In the ladies' individual event, Zagitova skated a clean short program and posted a world record score of 82.92, beating the previous record of 81.61 that Medvedeva posted earlier that evening. Her total score of 239.57 was a new personal best. Zagitova won the gold medal in the event at age of 15 years and 281 days, became one of the youngest figure skating Olympic champions. During the 2018 Olympics, \"\"The New York Times\"\" reported that Zagitova had performed the most technically difficult program in the history of ladies Olympic gold medalists by performing at a base value of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17437873",
"chunk_text": "\"Canada at the Olympics\"\nfirst Winter Olympian of any country or gender to enter four or more career events and win gold in each. Oullette had previously won gold in ice hockey in 2002, 2006, and 2010. Jennifer Jones skipped the Canadian women's team at the 2014 Winter Olympics to a Gold medal. She is the first ever female skip in Olympic history to be undefeated throughout the tournament. Jones, Kaitlyn Lawes, Jill Officer, Dawn McEwen and spare Kirsten Wall went unbeaten with an 11-0 record defeating China, Sweden (round-robin and finals), Great Britain (round-robin and semi-finals), Denmark, Switzerland, Japan, Russia, the United States,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7746816",
"chunk_text": "\"Winter Olympic Games\"\nwin the competition, yet the Russians were awarded the gold. The judging broke along Cold War lines with judges from former Communist countries favouring the Russian pair and judges from Western nations voting for the Canadians. The only exception was the French judge, Marie-Reine Le Gougne, who awarded the gold to the Russians. An investigation revealed that she had been pressured to give the gold to the Russian pair regardless of how they skated; in return the Russian judge would look favourably on the French entrants in the ice dancing competition. The IOC decided to award both pairs the gold",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12872548",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\"\nFigure skating at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single skating competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the Iceberg Skating Palace in Sochi, Russia. The short program took place on 19 February 2014, and the free skating took place on 20 February. Adelina Sotnikova of Russia won the gold medal. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following ISU season best scores (2013–2014) were set during this competition: The short program (SP) took place on 19 February 2014. The Free skating took place on 20",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14671190",
"chunk_text": "\"Canada at the Winter Olympics\"\nand on 1 February 2018 the results were restored. The IOC is challenging this decision. Alex Gough won Canada's first ever Olympic medal (Bronze) in Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Canada has won at least one medal in figure skating in 14 of the 17 post-war Winter Olympic games (since 1948). Canada's gold medalists are Barbara Ann Scott (1948) and the pairs of Barbara Wagner and Robert Paul (1960); Jamie Salé and David Pelletier (2002); and Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir (2010 and 2018). Canada also won gold in the team event at the 2018 Winter Olympics",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7468093",
"chunk_text": "\"1994 Winter Olympics\"\nmedals, respectively. A crowd of over 100,000 saw Italy beat Norway by 0.4 seconds on the men's 4 × 10 km relay. Vreni Schneider won a complete set of medals in Alpine skiing, while Norway took a medal sweep in the men's combined. Nancy Kerrigan had, before the games, been clubbed by Tonya Harding's associate, but managed to take silver in ladies' singles. Johann Olav Koss won three speed skating events, while 13-year-old Kim Yoon-Mi became the youngest-ever Olympic gold medalist. Sweden beat Canada in a dramatic penalty shootout in the ice hockey final. With 11 gold medals, Russia won",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "823736",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\"\nFigure skating at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles The ladies' single skating competition of the 2010 Winter Olympics was held at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The short program was held on February 23, 2010 and the free skating was held on February 25, 2010. Yuna Kim from South Korea won the gold medal setting three world best scores. Mao Asada from Japan became the first lady to accomplish one triple axel during the short program and two during the free program at the Olympics. The ladies' short program was held on February 23, 2010.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14664808",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics\"\nbehind Kulik. The countries represented by the podium finishers were the same as in the men's competition at the Lillehammer 1994 games, with Stojko and Candeloro getting their second consecutive silver and bronze medals, respectively. In a noteworthy instance, Stojko had to limp to the podium on sneakers at the medal presentation. He also did not skate at the figure skating gala, although he did take the ice briefly to announce that he would skip the World Championships next month. Referee: Assistant Referee: Judges: The primary competitors for the gold medal were Americans Tara Lipinski and Michelle Kwan. Kwan and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14933188",
"chunk_text": "\"Nancy Kerrigan\"\nthe Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre took place seven weeks after the attack, and Kerrigan skated what she considered to be the best two performances of her life in the short program and free skate. She won the silver medal, finishing second to Oksana Baiul and ahead of Chen Lu, who took the bronze medal, as Tonya Harding finished in eighth place amid controversy. Harding had trouble with the laces on her skates and was given a reskate by the judges. Kerrigan was in first place after the short program, but lost the free skate and the gold medal to Baiul in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19463774",
"chunk_text": "\"2006 Winter Olympics\"\npodium, winning the 1.1 kilometre cross-country sprint gold in her Olympic debut. In the men's ice hockey quarterfinals, the previously undefeated Slovakians lost to the Czech Republic while Russia, Finland, and Sweden eliminated Canada, the United States, and Switzerland, respectively. Philipp Schoch successfully defended his snowboarding giant slalom gold against his brother Simon. Sweden took the women's championship in the curling finals held on February 23. Shizuka Arakawa gave Japan its first gold medal of the Games and first figure skating gold medal, winning the ladies' figure skating competition in part by being able to finish without falling, as Sasha",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "340022",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics\"\ntaken which extended the Russian dominance of pair skating at the Olympics. Salé/Pelletier were the crowd favorites and skated a flawless program, while Berezhnaya/Sikharulidze, skating a program with more complex choreography, stumbled during their double axel. Minutes before the Russians went on, Salé accidentally collided with Sikharulidze. Judges from Russia, the People's Republic of China, Poland, Ukraine, and France placed the Russians first; judges from the United States, Canada, Germany, and Japan gave the nod to the Canadians. The International Skating Union announced a day after the competition that it would conduct an \"\"internal assessment\"\" into the judging decision. On",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9475757",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics\"\nFigure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics took place at the Stampede Corral, the Olympic Saddledome and the Father David Bauer Olympic Arena in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Referee: Assistant Referee: Judges: Katarina Witt became the first lady to repeat as champion since Sonja Henie. Referee: Assistant Referee: Judges: During Watson and Oppegard's free skating, a photographer dropped his camera bag onto the ice and an usher walked onto the ice to pick it up while the pair was performing a death spiral on the other side of the rink. Referee: Assistant Referee: Judges:",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11219063",
"chunk_text": "\"Ice hockey\"\nToronto, Ontario, Canada. This was followed by the first IIHF World Championship in 1990 in Ottawa. Women's ice hockey was added as a medal sport at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. The United States won the gold, Canada won the silver and Finland won the bronze medal. The United States won the gold medal again in 2018 at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The United States Hockey League (USHL) welcomed the first female professional ice hockey player in 1969–70, when the Marquette Iron Rangers signed Karen Koch. One woman, Manon Rhéaume, has played in an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7630123",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\"\nlast Olympic champion Sarah Hughes) took her place on the American team, joining two-time world silver medalist and U.S. national champion Sasha Cohen and U.S. national silver medalist Kimmie Meissner, the second American woman to land the triple axel in competition. Japan also sent a very strong ladies contingent to Turin with 2004 world champion Shizuka Arakawa, two-time world bronze medalist Fumie Suguri and two-time Japanese national champion Miki Ando. Other potential medal contenders included Russia's Elena Sokolova, who won world silver in 2003; two-time Canadian champion Joannie Rochette; 2005 world bronze medalist Carolina Kostner; 2005 European silver medalist Susanna",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14890744",
"chunk_text": "\"2011 World Figure Skating Championships\"\nskating, and finished seventh overall. The 2010 Olympic and World Champions, Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir, set a new world record score in the short dance, while Grand Prix Final champions Meryl Davis and Charlie White were second and European champions, Nathalie Pechalat and Fabian Bourzat, were third. Davis and White won the free dance to become the first ice dancers from the United States to win the World title. Virtue and Moir took the silver while Maia Shibutani and Alex Shibutani won the bronze medal in their first trip to the senior World Championships. It was the first North",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "340021",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics\"\nthe short program but slipped to third after two jumping errors. American Sasha Cohen finished fourth, after a fall on the back end of a triple lutz-triple toe combination. Slutskaya became only the second Russian to medal in the ladies' event at the Olympics. Hughes and Slutskaya finished with tie scores, Hughes winning the gold medal on a tiebreaker for having won the free skating in a close result. The Russian skating federation filed a protest over the results for a second ladies' gold to the ISU. The ISU dismissed the protest. Referee: Assistant Referee: Judges: A controversial decision was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4270776",
"chunk_text": "\"Oksana Baiul\"\nInuit children.' Oksana Baiul Oksana Serhiyivna Baiul-Farina (, born 16 November 1977) is a Ukrainian former competitive figure skater. She is the 1993 World champion and the 1994 Olympic champion in ladies' singles. Baiul is the first and only skater representing Ukraine to win gold at the Winter Olympics. She is also the first Olympic champion of independent Ukraine in any sport. After winning the gold medal, she decided to become a professional in 1994 in order to tour in the United States and have a career based on her skating. She followed one of her coaches to Connecticut. Later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7630130",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\"\nto move her up to fifth in the free and overall. Meissner was unable to complete her triple - triple combinations in the free and fell to sixth overall, while Hughes finished in seventh, despite a fall on the triple loop. Despite not accomplishing what American teens Tara Lipinski and Sarah Hughes did before them (winning Olympic gold), Meissner and Hughes had respectable debuts at the Olympics, and ostensibly Lipinski and the elder Hughes had already medalled at major international competitions while Meissner and the younger Hughes had not. Meier finished eighth with a relatively clean skate but singled an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2272535",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 World Figure Skating Championships\"\nCappellini/Lanotte became the second Italian ice dancers to win the World title, finishing 0.02 of a point ahead of silver medalists Weaver/Poje and 0.06 ahead of Pechalat/Bourzat, who won their second World bronze medal. 2014 Olympic bronze medalists, Elena Ilinykh / Nikita Katsalapov of Russia, placed first in the segment but finished off the podium, just 1.05 behind the gold medalists. 2008 and 2010 World champion, Mao Asada of Japan, broke the previous world record set by Kim Yuna in the short program, scoring 78.66, 1.42 points ahead of the 2012 World champion, Carolina Kostner of Italy, and 4.12 ahead",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7630124",
"chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Ladies' singles\"\nPöykiö; five-time Swiss champion Sarah Meier; 2005 European bronze medalist Elena Liashenko; and 2004 European champion Júlia Sebestyén. Arakawa made history by winning Japan's first ever ladies' figure skating gold in the Winter Olympics and the only medal for Japan at the 2006 Winter Olympics. Skating last in the short, Cohen wowed the crowd and the judges with a flawless program. Completing her three jump elements and having the best spins and spirals of the night, Cohen came in first place. Slutskaya, beating Cohen technically but not artistically, finished behind Cohen by just 0.03 points. Arakawa also had a clean",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4397506",
"chunk_text": "\"United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nwomen's team sprint event. Skip John Shuster led his team to the United States' first-ever gold medal in curling, winning the men's curling over Sweden. The United States women's national ice hockey team also won the gold in the women's ice hockey tournament for the first time since the inauguration of the sport in 1998 over the four-time defending gold medalist Canada in an overtime penalty shootout. The United States earned medals in at least one event in 11 different sports, the most of any nation. These Games also witnessed the 100th Winter Olympic gold medal for the Americans, won",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_969
|
when was the dome of the rock completed?
|
n/a
|
[
"691 CE",
"in 691 CE"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4454818",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nDome of the Rock The Dome of the Rock ( \"\"Qubbat al-Sakhrah\"\", \"\"Kippat ha-Sela\"\") is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. It was initially completed in 691 CE at the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik during the Second Fitna on the site of the Second Jewish Temple, destroyed during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. The original dome collapsed in 1015 and was rebuilt in 1022–23. The Dome of the Rock is in its core one of the oldest extant works of Islamic architecture. Its architecture and mosaics were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4454828",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nshrine. The cross on top of the dome was replaced by a crescent, and a wooden screen was placed around the rock below. Saladin's nephew al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Isa carried out other restorations within the building, and added the porch to the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The Dome of the Rock was the focus of extensive royal patronage by the sultans during the Mamluk period, which lasted from 1250 until 1510. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) the exterior of the Dome of the Rock was covered with tiles. This work took seven years. The interior of the dome is lavishly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19324602",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nthe dome. The date is recorded as AH 72 (691/2 CE), the year historians believe the construction of the original Dome was completed. In this inscription, the name of al-Malik was deleted and replaced by the name of Abbasid caliph Al-Ma'mun. This alteration of the original inscription was first noted by Melchior de Vogüé in 1864. Some scholars have suggested that the dome was added to an existing building, built either by Muawiyah I (r. 661–680), or indeed a Byzantine building dating to before the Muslim conquest, built under Heraclius (r. 610–641). Its architecture and mosaics were patterned after nearby",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4454822",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\ntime, Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem began to develop. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built under Constantine in the 320s, but the Temple Mount was left undeveloped after a failed project of restoration of the Jewish Temple under Julian the Apostate. The Dome of the Rock is now mostly assumed to have been built by the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik and his son and successor Al-Walid I. According to Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, construction started in 687. Construction cost was reportedly seven times the yearly tax income of Egypt. A dedicatory inscription in Kufic script is preserved inside",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16982078",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nBudapest, and the New Synagogue in Berlin, Germany. It was long believed by Christians that the Dome of the Rock echoed the architecture of the Temple in Jerusalem, as can be seen in Raphael's \"\"The Marriage of the Virgin\"\" and in Perugino's \"\"Marriage of the Virgin\"\". Citations Dome of the Rock The Dome of the Rock ( \"\"Qubbat al-Sakhrah\"\", \"\"Kippat ha-Sela\"\") is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. It was initially completed in 691 CE at the order of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik during the Second Fitna on the site of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4454826",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nby earthquakes in 808 and again in 846. The dome collapsed in an earthquake in 1015 and was rebuilt in 1022–23. The mosaics on the drum were repaired in 1027–28. For centuries Christian pilgrims were able to come and experience the Temple Mount, but escalating violence against pilgrims to Jerusalem (Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who ordered the destruction of the Holy Sepulchre, was an example) instigated the Crusades. The Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099 and the Dome of the Rock was given to the Augustinians, who turned it into a church, while the Al-Aqsa Mosque became a royal palace. The Knights",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19324600",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nstructures, the Western Wall, and the \"\"Resurrection Rotunda\"\" in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The Dome of the Rock is situated in the center of the Temple Mount, the site of the Temple of Solomon and the Jewish Second Temple, which had been greatly expanded under Herod the Great in the 1st century BCE. Herod's Temple was destroyed in 70 CE by the Romans, and after the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135, a Roman temple to \"\"Jupiter Capitolinus\"\" was built at the site. Jerusalem was ruled by the Christian Byzantine Empire throughout the 4th to 6th centuries. During this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16982068",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\naluminum-bronze plates covered with gold leaf. A few hours after the Israeli flag was hoisted over the Dome of the Rock in 1967 during the Six-Day War, Israelis lowered it on the orders of Moshe Dayan and invested the Muslim \"\"waqf\"\" (religious trust) with the authority to manage the Temple Mount / Haram al-Sharif, in order to \"\"keep the peace\"\". In 1993, the golden dome covering was refurbished following a donation of USD 8.2 million by King Hussein of Jordan who sold one of his houses in London to fund the 80 kilograms of gold required. The Dome of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4454827",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nTemplar, active from c. 1119, identified the Dome of the Rock as the site of the Temple of Solomon and set up their headquarters in the Al-Aqsa Mosque adjacent to the Dome for much of the 12th century. The \"\"Templum Domini\"\", as they called the Dome of the Rock, featured on the official seals of the Order's Grand Masters (such as Everard des Barres and Renaud de Vichiers), and soon became the architectural model for round Templar churches across Europe. Jerusalem was recaptured by Saladin on 2 October 1187, and the Dome of the Rock was reconsecrated as a Muslim",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16982067",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nprevious years. In 1955, an extensive program of renovation was begun by the government of Jordan, with funds supplied by Arab governments and Turkey. The work included replacement of large numbers of tiles dating back to the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, which had become dislodged by heavy rain. In 1965, as part of this restoration, the dome was covered with a durable aluminium bronze alloy made in Italy that replaced the lead exterior. Before 1959, the dome was covered in blackened lead. In the course of substantial restoration carried out from 1959 to 1962, the lead was replaced by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16982065",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\ndecorated with mosaic, faience and marble, much of which was added several centuries after its completion. It also contains Qur'anic inscriptions. Surah Ya Sin (the \"\"Heart of the Quran\"\") is inscribed across the top of the tile work and was commissioned in the 16th century by Suleiman the Magnificent. Al-Isra, the Surah 17 which tells the story of the \"\"Isra\"\" or Night Journey, is inscribed above this. Adjacent to the Dome of the Rock, the Ottomans built the free-standing Dome of the Prophet in 1620. Large-scale renovation was undertaken during the reign of Mahmud II in 1817. In a major",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16982066",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nrestoration project undertaken in 1874–75 during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz, all the tiles on the west and southwest walls of the octagonal part of the building were removed and replaced by copies that had been made in Turkey. Haj Amin al-Husseini, appointed Grand Mufti by the British during the 1917 mandate of Palestine, along with Yaqub al-Ghusayn, implemented the restoration of the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock was badly shaken during the 11 July 1927 Jericho earthquake, damaging many of the repairs that had taken place over",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16982050",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\npatterned after nearby Byzantine churches and palaces, although its outside appearance has been significantly changed in the Ottoman period and again in the modern period, notably with the addition of the gold-plated roof, in 1959–61 and again in 1993. The octagonal plan of the structure may have been influenced by the Byzantine Church of the Seat of Mary (also known as \"\"Kathisma\"\" in Greek and \"\"al-Qadismu\"\" in Arabic) built between 451 and 458 on the road between Jerusalem and Bethlehem. The Foundation Stone the temple was built over bears great significance in Judaism as the place where God created the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17255318",
"chunk_text": "\"Palestine (region)\"\nbecame the Caliph of the Islamic world after being crowned in Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock, completed in 691, was the world's first great work of Islamic architecture. The majority of the population was Christian and was to remain so until the conquest of Saladin in 1187. The Muslim conquest apparently had little impact on social and administrative continuities for several decades. The word 'Arab' at the time referred predominantly to Bedouin nomads, though Arab settlement is attested in the Judean highlands and near Jerusalem by the 5th century, and some tribes had converted to Christianity. The local population",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14155462",
"chunk_text": "\"Templum Domini\"\nTemplum Domini The Templum Domini (Vulgate translation of Hebrew: \"\"Temple of the Lord\"\") was the name attributed by the Crusaders to the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It became an important symbol of Jerusalem, depicted on coins minted under the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock was erected in the late 7th century under the 5th Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan at the site of the former Jewish Second Temple (or possibly added to an existing building Byzantine building dating the reign of Heraclius, 610–641). After the capture of Jerusalem in the First Crusade (1099),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12149664",
"chunk_text": "Dome\nemployed them in domed exhibit pavilions at the All-Russia Industrial and Art Exhibition. Domes built with steel and concrete were able to achieve very large spans. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Guastavino family, a father and son team who worked on the eastern seaboard of the United States, further developed the masonry dome, using tiles set flat against the surface of the curve and fast-setting Portland cement, which allowed mild steel bar to be used to counteract tension forces. The thin domical shell was further developed with the construction by Walther Bauersfeld of two planetarium domes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16556262",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nByzantine churches and palaces. The two engineers in charge of the project were Raja ibn Haywah, a Muslim theologian from Beit She'an and Yazid Ibn Salam, a non-Arab who was Muslim and a native of Jerusalem. Shelomo Dov Goitein of the Hebrew University has argued that the Dome of the Rock was intended to compete with the many fine buildings of worship of other religions: \"\"The very form of a rotunda, given to the \"\"Qubbat as-Sakhra\"\", although it was foreign to Islam, was destined to rival the many Christian domes.\"\" K.A.C. Creswell in his book \"\"The Origin of the Plan",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3517973",
"chunk_text": "Dome\nprojects for a wholly new St. Peter's Basilica, marking the beginning of the displacement of the Gothic ribbed vault with the combination of dome and barrel vault, which proceeded throughout the sixteenth century. Bramante's initial design was for a Greek cross plan with a large central hemispherical dome and four smaller domes around it in a quincunx pattern. Work began in 1506 and continued under a succession of builders over the next 120 years. The dome was completed by Giacomo della Porta and Domenico Fontana. The publication of Sebastiano Serlio's treatise, one of the most popular architectural treatises ever published,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19562670",
"chunk_text": "\"Islamic architecture\"\nShehzade Mosque, the Suleiman Mosque, and the Rüstem Pasha Mosque. Domes are a major structural feature of Islamic architecture. The dome first appeared in Islamic architecture in 691 with the construction of the Dome of the Rock, a near replica of the existing Church of the Holy Sepulchre and other Christian domed basilicas situated nearby. Domes remain in use, being a significant feature of many mosques and of the Taj Mahal in the 17th century. The distinctive pointed domes of Islamic architecture, also originating with the Byzantines and Persians, have remained a distinguishing feature of mosques into the 21st century.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1299200",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Prophet\"\nDome of the Prophet The Dome of the Prophet () also known as the Dome of Gabriel (\"\"Qubbat Jibril\"\") is a free-standing dome in the northern Temple Mount (\"\"Haram ash-Sharif\"\") in Jerusalem that serves as a symbolic monument rather than a religious building. It is a part of the terrace of the Dome of the Rock and is one of three Ottoman-built free-standing domes in the Temple Mount vicinity. Originally, the Dome of the Prophet was built in 1538 by Muhammad Bey, Ottoman Governor of Jerusalem. However, it was restored in 1620 on the orders of Farruk Bey, the succeeding",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4454825",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nof the Dome of the Rock\"\" notes that those who built the shrine used the measurements of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The diameter of the dome of the shrine is and its height , while the diameter of the dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is and its height . The structure was basically octagonal. It comprised a wooden dome, approximately in diameter, which was mounted on an elevated drum consisting of a circle of 16 piers and columns. Surrounding this circle was an octagonal arcade of 24 piers and columns. The building was severely damaged",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6563536",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Medieval Arabic and Western European domes\"\nDome of the Rock in Jerusalem, the earliest surviving Islamic building, was completed in 691 by Umayyad caliph Abd Al-Malik. Its design was that of a ciborium, or reliquary, such as those common to Byzantine martyria and the major Christian churches of the city. The rotunda of the nearby Church of the Holy Sepulchre, in particular, has a similar design and almost the same dimensions. The building was reportedly burned in the eleventh century and then rebuilt, which would still make it one of the oldest timber buildings in the world. The dome, a double shell design made of wood,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2644242",
"chunk_text": "Dome\nthe first half of the fourteenth century, stone blocks replaced bricks as the primary building material in the dome construction of Mamluk Egypt and, over the course of 250 years, around 400 domes were built in Cairo to cover the tombs of Mamluk sultans and emirs. Dome profiles were varied, with \"\"keel-shaped\"\", bulbous, ogee, stilted domes, and others being used. On the drum, angles were chamfered, or sometimes stepped, externally and triple windows were used in a tri-lobed arrangement on the faces. Bulbous cupolas on minarets were used in Egypt beginning around 1330, spreading to Syria in the following century.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7929318",
"chunk_text": "\"Foundation Stone\"\nand expanded over many centuries. The current shape is the result of an expansion by Herod the Great on top of vaults over a summit called Mount Moriah which three millennia ago was the highest elevation in early Jerusalem's proximity to the City of David. There is some controversy among secular scholars about equating Mount Moriah, the Temple Mount and the Foundation Stone as the location where events occurred according to the Biblical narrative. Early Jewish writings assist in confirming that the Dome of the Rock, completed in 691, is the site of the Holy of Holies and therefore the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2862331",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Ascension\"\nDome of the Ascension The Dome of the Ascension ( \"\"Qubbat al-Miraj\"\"; \"\"Kippat Ha'Aliyah\"\") is a small, free-standing domed structure built by Crusaders that stands just north the Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. Although called \"\"Dome of the Ascension\"\" in Arabic, and said by Arabic tradition to mark the spot from which Muhammad ascended to Heaven during his \"\"Night Journey,\"\" it is understood by scholars as having been built as part of the Christian \"\"Templum Domini\"\", probably as a baptistry. An Arabic inscription dated to 1200-1 describes it as rededicated as a waqf. The structure",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6563604",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Medieval Arabic and Western European domes\"\ndome designs was begun in August 1418. Brunelleschi's dome, designed in 1418, follows the height and curvature mandated in 1367. Filippo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti were made joint leaders of the project to build the dome for Florence Cathedral in 1420. Brunelleschi's plan to use suspended scaffolding for the workers won out over alternatives such as building a provisional stone support column in the center of the crossing or filling the space with earth. The octagonal brick domical vault was built between 1420 and 1436, with Ghiberti resigning in 1433. At the conclusion of the Council of Florence on June",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16556257",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nworld and the first human, Adam. It is also believed to be the site where Abraham attempted to sacrifice his son, and as the place where God's divine presence is manifested more than in any other place, towards which Jews turn during prayer. The site's great significance for Muslims derives from traditions connecting it to the creation of the world and the belief that the Prophet Muhammad's Night Journey to heaven started from the rock at the center of the structure. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it has been called \"\"Jerusalem's most recognizable landmark,\"\" along with two nearby Old City",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6563605",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Medieval Arabic and Western European domes\"\n6, 1439, the ceremony of union between the Catholic and Orthodox churches took place beneath the dome. The lantern surmounting the dome, also designed by Brunelleschi, was not begun until 1446, after his death. It was completed by Michelozzo di Bartolommeo and Bernardo Rossellino in 1467. Brunelleschi had also planned for a two-story external gallery and cornice to be built at the top of the drum where a strip of unclad masonry can be seen today. Although a portion of it was constructed on the southeast side beginning in 1508, work stopped after the visual effect was criticized by Michelangelo.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12149610",
"chunk_text": "Dome\nBC, such as the Tabularium of Rome from 78 BC. Others include the Baths of Antoninus in Carthage (145–160) and the Palatine Chapel at Aachen (13th – 14th century). The most famous example is the Renaissance octagonal dome of Filippo Brunelleschi over the Florence Cathedral. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, installed an octagonal dome above the West front of his plantation house, Monticello. Also called \"\"domes on pendentives\"\" or \"\"pendentive domes\"\" (a term also applied to sail vaults), compound domes have pendentives that support a smaller diameter dome immediately above them, as in the Hagia Sophia,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19534246",
"chunk_text": "\"Geodesic dome\"\nthe greatest volume for the least surface area. The dome was successfully adopted for specialized uses, such as the 21 Distant Early Warning Line domes built in Canada in 1956, the 1958 Union Tank Car Company dome near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, designed by Thomas C. Howard of Synergetics, Inc. and specialty buildings such as the Kaiser Aluminum domes (constructed in numerous locations across the US, e.g., Virginia Beach, Virginia), auditoriums, weather observatories, and storage facilities. The dome was soon breaking records for covered surface, enclosed volume, and construction speed. Beginning in 1954, the U.S. Marines experimented with helicopter-deliverable geodesic domes.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12217075",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Capitol dome\"\nan interior dome and exterior dome rose over the nation's capitol. By December 2, 1863, Walter was able to set the \"\"Statue of Freedom\"\" atop the dome. This was not accomplished until after Walter had been forced to revise the design of the dome to handle the statue, which had been delivered taller and heavier than requested. Yet, the man who designed the dome did not see its total completion, because Thomas Walter resigned in 1865. His replacement, Edward Clark, assumed the role of finishing the last aspects of the dome. Just over a month later, in January 1866, Constantino",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5738997",
"chunk_text": "\"Dubh Artach\"\nthe rock, which began on 25 June 1867 under the supervision of Alan Brebner, required a barrack for the workmen made of iron. Summer gales brought high seas, which resulted in breaking water falling on the roof above sea level. It held firm, although fourteen men including Brebner were trapped there for five days, and at one point seawater poured in through the trapdoor, swirled around them and exited with their remaining food supplies. Describing a similar occasion, R. L. Stevenson wrote: Despite these hardships a diameter foundation pit was excavated and by 1869 a solid portion of tower rising",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5810869",
"chunk_text": "\"History of construction\"\nis still subject to debate today as it is not possible to take the dome apart to study its construction without destroying it. The dome is a double skin, linked by ribs, with a series of wooden and stone chains around it at intervals to attempt to deal with hoop stresses. Brunelleschi's dome was completed (up to the base of the lantern) in 1446. Its size was soon surpassed by the dome of St Peter's, built using flying scaffolding supported on the cornices and constructed using two stone shells. The seventeenth century saw the birth of modern science which would",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4454836",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nand Jesus. Other Islamic scholars believe that the Prophet ascended to Heaven from the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Muslims believe the location of the Dome of the Rock to be the site mentioned in Sura 17 of the Qur'an, which tells the story of the Isra and Mi'raj, the miraculous Night Journey of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to \"\"the farthest mosque\"\", where he leads prayers and rises to heaven to receive instructions from Allah. The Night Journey is mentioned in the Qur'an in a very brief form and is further elaborated by the hadiths. Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab (579–644) was advised by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3517954",
"chunk_text": "Dome\ndome had begun to become an architectural symbol of Islam. In addition to religious shrines, such as the Dome of the Rock, domes were used over the audience and throne halls of Umayyad palaces, and as part of porches, pavilions, fountains, towers and the calderia of baths. Blending the architectural features of both Byzantine and Persian architecture, the domes used both pendentives and squinches and were made in a variety of shapes and materials. Although architecture in the region would decline following the movement of the capital to Iraq under the Abbasids in 750, mosques built after a revival in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10145396",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of Yusuf\"\nthree pointed open arches. On the northern face of the southern wall, there are stone carvings and a marble-faced blind-niche. The exterior of the dome is covered in lead sheeting and the interior is decorated with a ribbed pattern. Dome of Yusuf The Dome of Yusuf () is a free-standing domed-structure on the Temple Mount, located at the southern end of the Dome of the Rock terrace. It was built by Saladin in the late 12th century, and has been renovated several times. It bears inscriptions from the 12th and 17th centuries: one dated 1191 in Saladin's name, and another",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12037819",
"chunk_text": "\"Virgin of the Rocks\"\ngilding of the major parts were specified in the contract. The due date of installation was December 8, 1483, the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, giving seven months for its completion. On May 1, 1483 there was an initial payment of 100 Lire. This was followed by payments of 40 Lire per month from July 1483 until February 1485 totalling 800 Lire. A final payment was to be negotiated upon completion and delivery of the work in December 1483. Between 1490–95, Ambrogio and Leonardo wrote to the Confraternity stating that the centrepiece had cost the whole 800 Lire and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19534245",
"chunk_text": "\"Geodesic dome\"\nZeiss plant in Jena, Germany. A larger dome, called \"\"The Wonder of Jena\"\", opened to the public in July 1926. Some 20 years later, R. Buckminster Fuller named the dome \"\"geodesic\"\" from field experiments with artist Kenneth Snelson at Black Mountain College in 1948 and 1949. Although Fuller was not the original inventor, he is credited with the U.S. popularization of the idea for which he received U.S. patent 2,682,235 29 June 1954. The geodesic dome appealed to Fuller because it was extremely strong for its weight, its \"\"omnitriangulated\"\" surface provided an inherently stable structure, and because a sphere encloses",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3703349",
"chunk_text": "\"Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)\"\nmosque built on the site. The earliest account of such a structure is given by the Gallic bishop Arculf, who visited Jerusalem between 679 and 682, and describes a very primitive house of prayer able to accommodate up to 3,000 worshippers, constructed of wooden beams and boards over pre-existing ruins. More than half a century after the capture of Jerusalem, in 691, the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik commissioned the construction of the Dome of the Rock over a large outcropping of bedrock on the Temple Mount. The 10th-century historian al-Muqaddasi wrote that Abd al-Malik built the shrine in order to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19321403",
"chunk_text": "\"Temple Mount\"\nthe area where the Holy of Holies stood, since according to Rabbinical law, some aspect of the divine presence is still present at the site. Among Sunni Muslims, the Mount is widely considered the third holiest site in Islam. Revered as the Noble Sanctuary, the location of Muhammad's journey to Jerusalem and ascent to heaven, the site is also associated with Jewish biblical prophets who are also venerated in Islam. Umayyad Caliphs commissioned the construction of the al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock on the site. The Dome was completed in 692 CE, making it one of the oldest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5608979",
"chunk_text": "Dome\nwith a conical or polygonal roof. Domes reached monumental size in the Roman Imperial period. Roman baths played a leading role in the development of domed construction in general, and monumental domes in particular. Modest domes in baths dating from the 2nd and 1st centuries BC are seen in Pompeii, in the cold rooms of the Terme Stabiane and the Terme del Foro. However, the extensive use of domes did not occur before the 1st century AD. The growth of domed construction increases under Emperor Nero and the Flavians in the 1st century AD, and during the 2nd century. Centrally-planned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14291245",
"chunk_text": "Dome\nin Mezhirich, Ukraine, in 1965 while he was digging in his cellar and archaeologists unearthed three more. They date from 19,280 – 11,700 BC. In modern times, the creation of relatively simple dome-like structures has been documented among various indigenous peoples around the world. The wigwam was made by Native Americans using arched branches or poles covered with grass or hides. The Efé people of central Africa construct similar structures, using leaves as shingles. Another example is the igloo, a shelter built from blocks of compact snow and used by the Inuit people, among others. The Himba people of Namibia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19321440",
"chunk_text": "\"Temple Mount\"\nprocess in which textual and architectural narratives reinforced one another. The shrine became known as the Dome of the Rock (, \"\"Qubbat as-Sakhra\"\"). (The dome itself was covered in gold in 1920.) In 715 the Umayyads, led by the Caliph al-Walid I, transformed the temple shops Chanuyot nearby into a mosque (see illustrations and detailed drawing ), which they named the Aqsa Mosque (, \"\"al-Masjid al-Aqsa\"\", \"\"Furthest Mosque\"\"), corresponding to the Islamic belief of Muhammad's miraculous nocturnal journey as recounted in the Quran and hadith. The term \"\"Noble Sanctuary\"\" or \"\"Haram al-Sharif\"\", as it was called later by the Mamluks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4454834",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of the Rock\"\nRock has been depicted on the Obverse and reverse of several Middle East currencies: The Dome is maintained by the Ministry of Awqaf in Amman, Jordan. Until the mid-twentieth century, non-Muslims were not permitted in the area. Since 1967, non-Muslims have been permitted limited access; however non-Muslims are not permitted to pray on the Temple Mount, bring prayer books, or wear religious apparel. The Israeli police help enforce this. Israel restricted access for a short time during 2012 of Palestinian residents of the West Bank to the Temple Mount. West Bank Palestinian men had to be over 35 to be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1360419",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Roman and Byzantine domes\"\nCathedral by Charlemagne. The dome was rebuilt by 537–8 with cypress wood from Daphne after being destroyed in a fire. Most domes on churches in the Syrian region were built of wood, like that of the later Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and the dome of the Domus Aurea survived a series of earthquakes in the 6th century that destroyed the rest of the building. There is no record of the church being rebuilt after the earthquake of 588, perhaps due to the general abandonment of many public buildings in what was no longer a capital of the Empire.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7031024",
"chunk_text": "\"Mission San Juan Capistrano\"\nerosion-resistant than the actual stones. On the afternoon of November 22, 1800, tremors from the 6.5-magnitude San Diego earthquake cracked the walls of the rising edifice, necessitating that repair work be performed. Unfortunately, Señor Aguilár died six years into the project; his work was carried on by the priests and their charges, who made their best attempts to emulate the existing construction. Lacking the skills of a master mason, however, led to irregular walls and necessitated the addition of a seventh roof dome. The church was finally completed in 1806, and blessed by Fray Estévan Tapís on the evening of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16957250",
"chunk_text": "\"Raja ibn Haywah\"\nRaja ibn Haywah Raja' ibn Haywah al-Kindi was a leading Islamic jurist and Arabic calligraphist from Baysan who is probably best known as the artist most likely responsible for the detailed inscriptions on the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, which was completed in 692. Between 687 and 691, the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (r. 685-705) instructed two Arab architects, Ibn Haywah and Yazid ibn Sallam to construct a dome with the best materials available to them. He was at the beginning of his career during the reign of Abd al-Malik. However, although Ibn Haywah may have functioned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10145395",
"chunk_text": "\"Dome of Yusuf\"\nDome of Yusuf The Dome of Yusuf () is a free-standing domed-structure on the Temple Mount, located at the southern end of the Dome of the Rock terrace. It was built by Saladin in the late 12th century, and has been renovated several times. It bears inscriptions from the 12th and 17th centuries: one dated 1191 in Saladin's name, and another to 1681 from Yusuf Agha, thought to have been the Governor of Jerusalem or a eunuch in the Ottoman imperial palace. A rectangular semi-enclosed structure, the Dome of Yusuf sits upon a solid stone wall and is supported by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9814621",
"chunk_text": "Jerusalem\nUmar went to \"\"Bayt Al-Maqdes\"\" in 637 CE, they searched for the site of the Al-Aqsa Mosque (\"\"The Farthest Mosque\"\") that was mentioned in Quran and Hadith according to Islamic beliefs. Contemporary Arabic and Hebrew sources say the site was full of rubbish, and that Arabs and Jews cleaned it. The Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik commissioned the construction of a shrine on the Temple Mount, now known as the Dome of the Rock, in the late 7th century. Two of the city's most-distinguished Arab citizens of the 10th-century were Al-Muqaddasi, the geographer, and Al-Tamimi, the physician. Al-Muqaddasi writes that Abd",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18912556",
"chunk_text": "\"Süleymaniye Mosque\"\nis carved in \"\"thuluth\"\" script on three marble panels. It gives a foundation date of 1550 and an inauguration date of 1557. In reality the planning of the mosque began before 1550 and parts of the complex were not completed until after 1557. The design of the Süleymaniye also plays on Suleyman's self-conscious representation of himself as a 'second Solomon.' It references the Dome of the Rock, which was built on the site of the Temple of Solomon, as well as Justinian's boast upon the completion of the Hagia Sophia: \"\"Solomon, I have surpassed thee!\"\" The Süleymaniye, similar in magnificence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_970
|
abbreviated name of the highest peak in tasmania?
|
n/a
|
[
"Mount Ossa"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20728544",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Achilles (Tasmania)\"\nMount Achilles (Tasmania) Mount Achilles is a mountain that is part of the Du Cane Range, located in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, the peak is the 46th highest mountain in Tasmania. Mount Achilles consists of two main summits, the highest is known as 'Achilles Heel', and the other is referred to as 'Perrins Bluff'. It is located in the more northern part of the park, and almost due east of Zeehan It is a major feature of the national park, and is a popular venue with bushwalkers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20728545",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Achilles (Tasmania)\"\nand mountain climbers. Mount Achilles (Tasmania) Mount Achilles is a mountain that is part of the Du Cane Range, located in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, the peak is the 46th highest mountain in Tasmania. Mount Achilles consists of two main summits, the highest is known as 'Achilles Heel', and the other is referred to as 'Perrins Bluff'. It is located in the more northern part of the park, and almost due east of Zeehan It is a major feature of the national park, and is a popular",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9346240",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Ossa (Tasmania)\"\nMount Ossa (Tasmania) Mount Ossa is a mountain of the Pelion Range located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, Mount Ossa is the highest peak in Tasmania. The mountain lies in the heart of Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. It was first surveyed by Charles Gould and named after Mount Ossa in Greece following the theme of classical greek names set by George Frankland, an early Tasmanian surveyor. The entire mountain is composed of Jurassic dolerite. The peak is fairly remote from the nearest road, however there is a well",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8844648",
"chunk_text": "Tasmania\nin recent geological times but has many jagged peaks resulting from recent glaciation. Tasmania is the most mountainous state in Australia. The most mountainous region is the Central Highlands area, which covers most of the central western parts of the state. The Midlands located in the central east, is fairly flat, and is predominantly used for agriculture, although farming activity is scattered throughout the state. Tasmania's tallest mountain is Mount Ossa at . The mountain lies in the heart of the world-famous Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. Much of Tasmania is still densely forested, with the Southwest National Park",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17773030",
"chunk_text": "\"Smithies Peak\"\nPeak; Weindorfers Tower (); and Little Horn (). Smithies Peak The Smithies Peak, sometimes incorrectly called Smithies Towers, is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. At above sea level, it is the ninth-highest mountain in Tasmania, and is one of the summits of Cradle Mountain. The peak is composed of dolerite columns, similar to many of the other mountains in the area and rises above the glacially formed Dove Lake (), Lake Wilks and Crater Lake. Cradle Mountain has four named summits. In order",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14397977",
"chunk_text": "\"Smithies Peak\"\nSmithies Peak The Smithies Peak, sometimes incorrectly called Smithies Towers, is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. At above sea level, it is the ninth-highest mountain in Tasmania, and is one of the summits of Cradle Mountain. The peak is composed of dolerite columns, similar to many of the other mountains in the area and rises above the glacially formed Dove Lake (), Lake Wilks and Crater Lake. Cradle Mountain has four named summits. In order of height they are Cradle Mountain (); Smithies",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4531315",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Murchison (Tasmania)\"\nMount Murchison (Tasmania) Mount Murchison is a mountain on the West Coast Range, located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. At above sea level, it is the highest mountain in the range and within the top thirty highest mountains in Tasmania. Lying close to the Williamsford and Tullah mining areas, the mountain is often found referred to in early photographs. It lies east of Zeehan, and Mount Read, and north of Mount Tyndall. The track to the summit takes approximately 2.5 hours to complete with infrequent rests. The total walk to time to the summit and return is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18070035",
"chunk_text": "\"Giblin Peak\"\nGiblin Peak The Giblin Peak is a mountain of the Ben Lomond mountain range in northeast Tasmania, Australia. It is the highest elevation on Giblin Fells, a prominent bluff south of Ben Lomond's highest elevation - Legges Tor. With an elevation of above sea level, it is the third highest mountain in Tasmania and named after William Giblin, a previous Premier of Tasmania. Before the northern aspect of the Ben Lomond plateau was surveyed, Stacks Bluff (at the plateau's southern extremity) was thought to be the highest elevation on the Ben Lomond plateau. From 1905 to 1912 a full survey",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18070037",
"chunk_text": "\"Giblin Peak\"\nLegge and, in turn, the prominent bluff to the south of the summit was named for Giblin's father - Giblin Fells. Giblin Peak The Giblin Peak is a mountain of the Ben Lomond mountain range in northeast Tasmania, Australia. It is the highest elevation on Giblin Fells, a prominent bluff south of Ben Lomond's highest elevation - Legges Tor. With an elevation of above sea level, it is the third highest mountain in Tasmania and named after William Giblin, a previous Premier of Tasmania. Before the northern aspect of the Ben Lomond plateau was surveyed, Stacks Bluff (at the plateau's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10984265",
"chunk_text": "\"King Davids Peak\"\nis named after the West Wall in Jerusalem, Israel. King Davids Peak is the most prominent feature of the national park, and is a popular venue with bushwalkers and mountain climbers. King Davids Peak King Davids Peak, also known as the West Wall, is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Walls of Jerusalem National Park. With an elevation of above sea level, it is the 16 highest mountain in Tasmania. Like other features of the park, such as Herods Gate, Lake Salome, Solomons Jewels, Damascus Gate, the Pool of Bathesda,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11367752",
"chunk_text": "\"Sport in Tasmania\"\nTasmania. Much of the State is subject to at least occasional winter snows. Mount Ossa is the highest point on the island at 1614 m, but Tasmania has eight mountains exceeding 1500 m and 28 above 1,220 m. Also notable is the Central Plateau, at an elevation of around 900 m. The capital city of Hobart is built at the base of Mount Wellington, which at 1270 m is snow-capped in winter. Tasmania's premier Alpine skiing operations are located at Ben Lomond 60 km from Launceston. The village is at 1460m and the top elevation is 1570m. Limited downhill ski",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6641750",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Pelion East\"\nMount Pelion East Mount Pelion East is a mountain located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated within the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. With an elevation of above sea level, the mountain is the 25 highest mountain in Tasmania, slightly higher than the better known Frenchmans Cap at . Unlike Mount Pelion West, Pelion East is not a massive mountain, more pinnacle-like, the spire shape having been caused by harsh glacial erosion many thousands of years ago. The mountain summit is at grid reference 225655 UTM Zone 55S and high resolution topographical information",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4085341",
"chunk_text": "Tasmania\n\"\"Tassie\"\". Tasmania is also colloquially shortened to \"\"Tas,\"\" mainly when used in business names and website addresses. TAS is also the Australia Post abbreviation for the state. The reconstructed Palawa kani language name for Tasmania is Lutriwita. The island was adjoined to the mainland of Australia until the end of the last glacial period about 10,000 years ago. Much of the island is composed of Jurassic dolerite intrusions (the upwelling of magma) through other rock types, sometimes forming large columnar joints. Tasmania has the world's largest areas of dolerite, with many distinctive mountains and cliffs formed from this rock type.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20904710",
"chunk_text": "\"Skiing in Tasmania\"\nthe Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park, the Ben Lomond National Park, the Mount Field National Park, and the Walls of Jerusalem National Park. Skiing in Tasmania Skiing in Tasmania takes place in the high country of the state of Tasmania, Australia, during the Southern Hemisphere winter. Cross country skiing is possible within the Tasmanian Wilderness and two small downhill ski-fields have been developed at Ben Lomond and Mount Mawson. Mount Ossa is the highest point on the island at above sea level, but Tasmania has eight mountains exceeding . Skiing in Australia takes place in three States: New South",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14673667",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Pelion West\"\nMount Pelion West Mount Pelion West is a mountain located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is part of the Pelion Range and is situated within the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park at the eastern most boundary of the Murchison River catchment. Mount Pelion West is the third highest mountain in Tasmania with an elevation of above sea level and is one of only eight mountains in the state which are over . The mountain summit is at grid reference 152682 UTM Zone 55S and high resolution topographical information is available on Tasmap Achilles (4036)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10948559",
"chunk_text": "\"Du Cane Range\"\nDu Cane Range The Du Cane Range is a mountain range in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. An unnamed peak on the main ridge of the Du Cane Range has an elevation of above sea level and is the eleventh highest mountain peak in Tasmania. Major peaks in the range include The Acropolis, Mount Geryon, The Parthenon, Mount Eros, Mount Hyperion, Mount Massif, Mount Achilles, and Falling Mountain. Tasmania's highest peak at an elevation of is nearby, but not in the Du Cane Range. The range is a major feature of the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6641753",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Pelion East\"\n. Mount Pelion East Mount Pelion East is a mountain located in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated within the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. With an elevation of above sea level, the mountain is the 25 highest mountain in Tasmania, slightly higher than the better known Frenchmans Cap at . Unlike Mount Pelion West, Pelion East is not a massive mountain, more pinnacle-like, the spire shape having been caused by harsh glacial erosion many thousands of years ago. The mountain summit is at grid reference 225655 UTM Zone 55S and high resolution topographical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20904703",
"chunk_text": "\"Skiing in Tasmania\"\nSkiing in Tasmania Skiing in Tasmania takes place in the high country of the state of Tasmania, Australia, during the Southern Hemisphere winter. Cross country skiing is possible within the Tasmanian Wilderness and two small downhill ski-fields have been developed at Ben Lomond and Mount Mawson. Mount Ossa is the highest point on the island at above sea level, but Tasmania has eight mountains exceeding . Skiing in Australia takes place in three States: New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania; as well as in the Australian Capital Territory, during the Southern Hemisphere winter. Skiable terrain stretches through large areas of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19869727",
"chunk_text": "\"Cathedral Mountain (Tasmania)\"\nCathedral Mountain (Tasmania) Cathedral Mountain is a dominant mountain in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in the central highlands in the state of Tasmania, Australia. Cathedral Mountain has an elevation of . The western side of this mountain has a spectacular and extensive cliff face which plunges some to the Mersey Valley floor. The mountain is at grid reference 261622 UTM Zone 55G and high resolution topographical information is available on Tasmap Cathedral (4236) 1:25000. Due west from Cathedral lies Mount Ossa, Tasmania's highest mountain, due north is Mount Pillinger, due east is Mount Ragoona and due south",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10984264",
"chunk_text": "\"King Davids Peak\"\nKing Davids Peak King Davids Peak, also known as the West Wall, is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Walls of Jerusalem National Park. With an elevation of above sea level, it is the 16 highest mountain in Tasmania. Like other features of the park, such as Herods Gate, Lake Salome, Solomons Jewels, Damascus Gate, the Pool of Bathesda, many features are named for places and people in the Bible. The mountain is named after the biblical ruler of Judea, King David. Its alternative name – The West Wall –",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7086700",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Arthur (Tasmania)\"\nMount Arthur (Tasmania) Mount Arthur is a mountain in the northern region of Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, the mountain is located north-east of Launceston, near the town of Lilydale. Mount Arthur had been called Row Tor in the 1800s, although this name also applies on maps to nearby Mount Barrow. Later maps of the north-east show Row Tor as occupying the present day location of Mount Arthur. Row Tor is a homonym of Rough Tor, named for the eponymous mountain in Cornwall, England and not in reference to the mountain's shape, as is commonly supposed.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2159443",
"chunk_text": "\"Stacks Bluff\"\npopular walking destination for both bushwalkers and mountain climbers. The most popular walking track now leads from Storys Creek to the summit and the peak may also be accessed from the ski-fields across the trackless, although open, plateau. Stacks Bluff The Stacks Bluff is a peak in northeast Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated on the Ben Lomond plateau. At above sea level, it is the ninth highest mountain in Tasmania, and is a feature visible throughout the Tasmanian Midlands - prominent due to its extensive promontory cliff-line and exposed dolerite columns. The mountain was originally occupied by Tasmanian Aboriginal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14422746",
"chunk_text": "\"Federation Peak\"\nFederation Peak Federation Peak is a prominent mountain that is part of the Eastern Arthur Range, located in the Southwest National Park, in the south-west region of Tasmania, Australia. The peak, approximately south-west from Hobart, was named after the Federation of Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, the peak is often described as one of the hardest bushwalking challenges in Australia. The first westerner to notice the peak was the surveyor James Sprent who was carrying out a trignometrical survey of Tasmania and who described it as \"\"the Obelisk\"\". It became known as Sprent's Obelisk, however in 1901",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15568587",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Olympus (Tasmania)\"\nMount Olympus (Tasmania) Mount Olympus is a mountain in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia. It is the 24th highest mountain in Tasmania at above sea level and is situated about South-East of Mount Gould and about west of Lake St. Clair. In 1835 George Frankland climbed the mountain and named it Mount Olympus. Mount Olympus was painted by the Australian landscape painter, William Charles Piguenit. It was purchased by the Art Gallery of New South Wales in 1875 and was the Gallery's first oil painting acquisition, \"\"the first Australian work purchased by public subscription\"\", and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18751812",
"chunk_text": "\"Hartz Mountains (Tasmania)\"\nHartz Mountains (Tasmania) The Hartz Mountains are mountains with twin peaks located in southern Tasmania, Australia. The mountain are situated south west of Hobart, via Geeveston, and are part of the Hartz Mountains National Park. The Hartz Mountains area experiences typical south-west weather conditions. In all seasons there can be snow, high rainfall, extremes of temperature, strong winds and sudden weather changes. With an elevation of above sea level, the Hartz Peak is the highest point of the Hartz Mountains, and in fine weather the summit offers one of the best views of the southwest and north. This walk (5",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17380544",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Victoria (Tasmania)\"\nMount Victoria (Tasmania) Mount Victoria is a mountain in the Mount Victoria Forest Reserve in north-east Tasmania, Australia, and also forms part of the Ben Lomond biogeographic region and the Ben Lomond National Park. The peak has an elevation of above sea level and is the 58th highest mountain in Tasmania. It is a prominent feature of the reserve, and is a popular venue with bushwalkers. Mount Victoria Forest Reserve has a picnic area, barbeque facilities and toilets. Ralph Falls can be accessed from the Reserve. Ralph Falls is one of Tasmania's highest waterfalls and Tasmania's highest single drop waterfall.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15163790",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Wellington (Tasmania)\"\nMount Wellington (Tasmania) Mount Wellington, officially kunanyi / Mount Wellington, incorporating its Palawa kani name (Aboriginal: \"\"Unghbanyahletta\"\" or \"\"Poorawetter\"\"), is a mountain in the southeast coastal region of Tasmania, Australia. It is the summit of the Wellington Range and is within the Wellington Park reserve. Located at the foothills of the mountain is much of Tasmania's capital city, Hobart. The mountain rises to above sea level and is frequently covered by snow, sometimes even in summer, and the lower slopes are thickly forested, but crisscrossed by many walking tracks and a few fire trails. There is also a sealed narrow",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20438607",
"chunk_text": "\"Hartz Mountains (Tasmania)\"\nhours return) is only for fit and experienced walkers. Hartz Mountains (Tasmania) The Hartz Mountains are mountains with twin peaks located in southern Tasmania, Australia. The mountain are situated south west of Hobart, via Geeveston, and are part of the Hartz Mountains National Park. The Hartz Mountains area experiences typical south-west weather conditions. In all seasons there can be snow, high rainfall, extremes of temperature, strong winds and sudden weather changes. With an elevation of above sea level, the Hartz Peak is the highest point of the Hartz Mountains, and in fine weather the summit offers one of the best",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20728516",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Anne\"\nPeak Dam Road in 1970. Mount Anne is a common bushwalking destination for experienced walkers, the Mount Anne circuit is a 4-day walk that can include summiting Mount Anne. Mount Anne Mount Anne is a mountain located in the Southwest National Park in south-west region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain lies within the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Tasmanian Wilderness. With an elevation of above sea level, Mount Anne is within the forty highest mountains in Tasmania, and is the highest in south-west Tasmania, adding to its appearance of prominence. It dominates the area surrounding Lake Pedder. Although a primarily dolerite structure,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6841315",
"chunk_text": "\"Frenchmans Cap\"\nas Tasmania's tallest, Mount Ossa – in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. The plus walk to Frenchmans Cap is typically completed as a return trip on the same track. There is an option to make it a round trip by walking on from Lake Tahune to the Franklin River at Irenabyss, crossing the river and exiting at Victoria Pass, which is also on the Lyell Highway. The walk from Irenabyss to Victoria Pass traverses rugged country and is recommended only for highly experienced parties. Many parties visit Irenabyss as a long day walk. Lake Tahune to Irenabyss takes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10948560",
"chunk_text": "\"Du Cane Range\"\nand is a popular venue with bushwalkers and mountain climbers. The Du Cane Range was named in honour of Sir Charles Du Cane, , the Governor of Tasmania from 1874 to 1878. Du Cane Range The Du Cane Range is a mountain range in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. An unnamed peak on the main ridge of the Du Cane Range has an elevation of above sea level and is the eleventh highest mountain peak in Tasmania. Major peaks in the range include The Acropolis, Mount Geryon, The Parthenon, Mount Eros, Mount Hyperion, Mount Massif, Mount Achilles, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13967860",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Wellington (Tasmania)\"\nwarmly against the often icy winds at the summit, which have been recorded at sustained speeds of over , with rare gusts of up to . In the winter it frequently snows and the mountain is often snowcapped. Lighter snowfalls in spring, summer and autumn are also common. A day on the summit can consist of clear sunny skies, then rain, then snow, then icy winds and then clear again. Mount Wellington (Tasmania) Mount Wellington, officially kunanyi / Mount Wellington, incorporating its Palawa kani name (Aboriginal: \"\"Unghbanyahletta\"\" or \"\"Poorawetter\"\"), is a mountain in the southeast coastal region of Tasmania, Australia.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9218234",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Darwin (Tasmania)\"\nMount Darwin (Tasmania) Mount Darwin is a mountain located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, the mountain is situated on the West Coast Range. On the eastern side of the mountain is Darwin, a long-abandoned town site. Mount Darwin is the southernmost mountain of the West Coast range. Mount Jukes is north of the mountain while Mount Sorell is west of it. The mountain is named in honour of Charles Darwin. Long abandoned short drives and shallow holes are found on Mount Darwin and are usually cited as being part of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6841307",
"chunk_text": "\"Frenchmans Cap\"\nFrenchmans Cap The Frenchmans Cap is a mountain in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park. At above sea level, it is within the top thirty highest mountains in Tasmania. The mountain lies east of the West Coast Range, yet due to its prominence, it can be seen from Macquarie Harbour. It lies south of the Lyell Highway from which it can be viewed from various locations, and south west of Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. The peaks of the Frenchmans area include Frenchmans Cap (), Clytemnestra and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20993033",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Victoria (Tasmania)\"\nIt has a drop of over a sheer cliff face. Mount Victoria (Tasmania) Mount Victoria is a mountain in the Mount Victoria Forest Reserve in north-east Tasmania, Australia, and also forms part of the Ben Lomond biogeographic region and the Ben Lomond National Park. The peak has an elevation of above sea level and is the 58th highest mountain in Tasmania. It is a prominent feature of the reserve, and is a popular venue with bushwalkers. Mount Victoria Forest Reserve has a picnic area, barbeque facilities and toilets. Ralph Falls can be accessed from the Reserve. Ralph Falls is one",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15047693",
"chunk_text": "\"Legges Tor\"\nLegges Tor The Legges Tor is the summit of the Ben Lomond mountain range in northeast Tasmania, Australia. It is the second highest mountain in Tasmania and named after William Vincent Legge who explored the region. It is an unimposing feature on the plateau, being a rocky knoll behind the more spectacular cliffs of Giblin Fells, yet as the summit of the national park it is a popular destination with bushwalkers. A walking track leads to the summit from the ski village and from Carr Villa hut in the northern foothills of Ben Lomond. Before Legges Tor was surveyed, Stacks",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11478284",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Tyndall (Tasmania)\"\nMount Tyndall (Tasmania) Mount Tyndall is a mountain that is part of the Tyndall Range, a spur off the West Coast Range, located in the Western region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain was named in 1877 by James Reid Scott on the suggestion of Thomas Bather Moore in honour of Professor John Tyndall, a Fellow of the Geological Society who made important contributions in physics, atmospheric science and geology. The area is at the northern end of a block of mountains that are north of Mount Sedgwick. Located at the base of the mountain are a number of glacial lakes,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18040207",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Geryon\"\nMount Geryon Mount Geryon is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of the Australian state of Tasmania. The mountain is part of the Du Cane Range and is situated within the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. With two peaks, Mount Geryon North has an elevation of above sea level and is the twelfth-highest mountain in Tasmania. Mount Geryon South, with an elevation of above sea level, is the state's fifteenth-highest peak. The mountain is a major feature of the national park, and is a popular venue with bushwalkers and mountain climbers. It has more than 40 ascent routes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6359151",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Mawson\"\nMount Mawson Mount Mawson is a mountain and club skifield situated within the Mount Field National Park in southern Tasmania, Australia. The mountain has an elevation of above sea level. Mount Mawson's summit rises to above sea level slightly lower than the at Ben Lomond ski-field in northern Tasmania. By road, the mountain is located north west of Hobart and from Launceston. Much of Tasmania is subject to at least occasional winter snows. The Mount Mawson ski area was established as a club skifield in 1958 and is run by the Southern Tasmanian Ski Association. It is situated at around",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10172518",
"chunk_text": "\"Cradle Mountain\"\nCradle Mountain The Cradle Mountain is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of the Australian state of Tasmania. The mountain is situated in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park. At above sea level, it is the fifth-highest mountain in Tasmania, and is one of the principal tourist sites in the state. The Cradle Mountain is composed of dolerite columns, similar to many of the other mountains in the area. The area around the mountain has a large number of day walks, as well as being one terminus of the Overland Track. The Overland Track winds through a variety",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2159434",
"chunk_text": "\"Stacks Bluff\"\nStacks Bluff The Stacks Bluff is a peak in northeast Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated on the Ben Lomond plateau. At above sea level, it is the ninth highest mountain in Tasmania, and is a feature visible throughout the Tasmanian Midlands - prominent due to its extensive promontory cliff-line and exposed dolerite columns. The mountain was originally occupied by Tasmanian Aboriginal people of the Ben Lomond Nation, who inhabited the plateau in summer and left evidence of campsites and artifacts at Lake Youl (Palawa: \"\"meenemata\"\") north of the summit block of Stacks Bluff. The clans of the Ben Lomond",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3612564",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Lyell (Tasmania)\"\nMount Lyell (Tasmania) Mount Lyell is a mountain in the West Coast Range of Western Tasmania, Australia. Mount Lyell has an elevation of above sea level. The adjacent mountains are Mount Sedgwick to the north and Mount Owen to the south. The mountain was named by Charles Gould in 1863 after geologist Charles Lyell, a supporter of Charles Darwin. Mount Lyell was also the common short name of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company. The Mount Lyell company operations centred mainly on the shoulder between Mount Owen and Mount Lyell, and to the western side of the mountain. On",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15047695",
"chunk_text": "\"Legges Tor\"\nranges of the west coast'. Lyndhurst Giblin, a member of legge's survey party, climbed and measured the true summit and named it after Legge and, in turn, the prominent bluff to the south of the summit was named for Giblin's father - Giblin Fells. Legges Tor The Legges Tor is the summit of the Ben Lomond mountain range in northeast Tasmania, Australia. It is the second highest mountain in Tasmania and named after William Vincent Legge who explored the region. It is an unimposing feature on the plateau, being a rocky knoll behind the more spectacular cliffs of Giblin Fells,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5573976",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Tyndall (Tasmania)\"\nmost notably Lake Westwood and Lake Dora. The mountain lies southeast of the Henty Gold Mine, and Hydro Tasmania dam on the Henty River; and south of Lake Mackintosh, Lake Murchison and Tullah. Mount Tyndall (Tasmania) Mount Tyndall is a mountain that is part of the Tyndall Range, a spur off the West Coast Range, located in the Western region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain was named in 1877 by James Reid Scott on the suggestion of Thomas Bather Moore in honour of Professor John Tyndall, a Fellow of the Geological Society who made important contributions in physics, atmospheric science",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8865899",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount King William\"\nMount King William Mount King William I (1,324 m) is a mountain adjacent to the Lyell Highway in Central Highlands, Tasmania. It is located 10 km southwest of Derwent Bridge. It is the northernmost of the King William Range. It has two namesakes in the King William Range - Mount King William II (1363) and Mount King William III. It is often a reference point for the 'end' of the inhabited part of the western section of Lyell Highway as there are no permanent structures until Linda; it is inside the eastern boundary of the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15568588",
"chunk_text": "\"Mount Olympus (Tasmania)\"\nthe first work acquired by the gallery of an Australian-born artist. Another of Piguenit's Olympus paintings is held by the National Library of Australia. Nothofagus gunnii was first collected by Ronald Campbell Gunn in 1847 from Olympus. It is \"\"Australia's only cold climate winter-deciduous tree\"\", is found mainly in areas above 800 metres with rainfall of more than 1800mm, and is one of the plants that indicates Gondwana. Mount Olympus (Tasmania) Mount Olympus is a mountain in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania, Australia. It is the 24th highest mountain in Tasmania at above sea level and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19869731",
"chunk_text": "\"Cathedral Mountain (Tasmania)\"\nof Lake Rowallan via the Moses Creek track. Then to Chapter Lake, Grail Falls, Chalice Lake and Tent Tarn. From Tent Tarn to the Cathedral Mountain summit is two kilometres with the terrain being mainly trackless, although occasional cairns are visible. The majority of the information is sourced directly from this map Cathedral Mountain (Tasmania) Cathedral Mountain is a dominant mountain in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in the central highlands in the state of Tasmania, Australia. Cathedral Mountain has an elevation of . The western side of this mountain has a spectacular and extensive cliff face which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11367753",
"chunk_text": "\"Sport in Tasmania\"\noperations also exist in the Mount Field National Park at Mount Mawson, which is approximately 89 kilometres north west of Hobart and rises from 1200 m to 1320 m altitude. One of Australia's most scenic alpine locations is located in Tasmania at Cradle Mountain, where cross country skiing is possible. Cradle Mountain is part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, inscribed by UNESCO in 1982. The Ice Hockey Tasmania conducts, encourages, promotes, advances, controls and administers all forms of Ice Hockey in Tasmania. The main ice hockey venue is the Glenorchy Ice Rink. Tasmania hosts the Moorilla International tennis",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18807963",
"chunk_text": "\"Sticht Range\"\nSticht Range The Sticht Range is a mountain range located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. The range runs between two tributaries of the Eldon River and is located within the eastern part of the West Coast Range and has an unnamed peak with an elevation of above sea level. It was named after Robert Carl Sticht, the manager of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company. It was affected by the 2016 Tasmanian bushfires The range can be viewed from the Hydro Tasmania built road (B24) at Lake Plimsoll. It is a cambrian formation range. The threatened",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20904705",
"chunk_text": "\"Skiing in Tasmania\"\n. Also notable is the Central Plateau, at an elevation of around . The capital city of Hobart is built at the base of Mount Wellington, which at , is snow-capped in winter. Tasmania's premier alpine skiing operations are located at Ben Lomond, from Launceston. Its season usually begins in mid-July and in peak season, its runs are served by six lifts. Located in the Ben Lomond National Park, the village is at and the top elevation is . The Northern Tasmanian Alpine Club formed in 1929 and pioneered trips to the mountain - improving and improved the access track.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_971
|
who's opening for foo fighters at fenway?
|
n/a
|
[
"N/A"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19789927",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\npromote \"\"Sonic Highways\"\", beginning with a special Fourth of July event in Washington, D.C., that would commemorate the band's 20th anniversary. This all-day event, to be held at Washington's RFK Stadium, was advertised as featuring performances by Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, Heart, LL Cool J, Gary Clark Jr., and Buddy Guy. Dave Grohl's leg injury initially led to speculation that the band would drop out of the event, but they later confirmed they would still perform; however, the injury did prevent them from headlining the 2015 Glastonbury Festival (although they would return and headline in 2017). The band performed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3229971",
"chunk_text": "\"Fenway Park\"\nand 2018 with teams competing for the Players Champions Cup. Fenway has been home to several concerts beginning in 1973 when Stevie Wonder and Ray Charles first played there. No further concerts were played there until 2003 when Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band played a leg of their The Rising Tour. Since 2003, there has been at least one concert every year at Fenway by such artists as Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, Jimmy Buffett, Billy Joel, The Rolling Stones, The Police, Jason Aldean, Dave Matthews Band, Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers, Aerosmith, Phish, Roger Waters,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19789932",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\nBeatles. \"\"Concrete and Gold\"\" also features Justin Timberlake on the vocals for \"\"Make It Right\"\", Shawn Stockman of Boyz II Men on backing vocals for the song \"\"Concrete and Gold\"\", and Paul McCartney on the drums for \"\"Sunday Rain\"\". The band began touring in June 2017, including headlining the Glastonbury Festival 2017. The tour in support of \"\"Concrete and Gold\"\" was later extended into October 2018. Foo Fighters have been described as grunge, alternative rock, post-grunge and hard rock. When Grohl first started the band, its music was often compared to that of his previous group, Nirvana. Grohl acknowledged that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3229972",
"chunk_text": "\"Fenway Park\"\nPaul McCartney, Lady Gaga, James Taylor, Pearl Jam, Foo Fighters, and Dead & Company. Polartec Big Air At Fenway is the first big air snowboarding and skiing competition that was held on February 11–12, 2016. This is event was part of the U.S. Grand Prix Tour and the International Ski Federation's World Tour. Notable winter athletes that competed are Ty Walker, Sage Kotsenburg, and Joss Christensen. The big air jump was constructed to be about 140 feet tall, standing above the lights of the stadium. Frank Fallon was the first public address (PA) announcer for the Red Sox, and held",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8337165",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters live performances\"\nafter the last tour, the Foo Fighters started to tour, promoting \"\"Concrete and Gold\"\" even before its release. The Oceania leg had the band supported by Weezer, who had just put out the album \"\"Pacific Daydream\"\". Initially planned to run until September 2018, the tour got the addition of seven more North American concerts in October. Foo Fighters live performances Foo Fighters is an American alternative rock band, founded in 1994 by musician Dave Grohl. After recording by himself what would become the album Foo Fighters, Grohl decided to recruit a full band with him as singer and guitarist. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5451987",
"chunk_text": "\"The Anthem (music venue)\"\nThe Anthem (music venue) The Anthem is a music venue and auditorium in the Southwest Waterfront neighborhood of Washington, D.C.. The venue opened on October 12, 2017, with a performance by the Foo Fighters. The Anthem is part of District Wharf, a comprehensive redevelopment of the Southwest Waterfront area. The 57,000-square-foot venue, which cost $60 million (USD), has a movable stage and backdrop that will allow capacity to vary from 2,500 to 6,000. Balconies are closer to the stage than most venues, to offer the best views. The venue is operated by I.M.P., which manages Washington's and Lincoln Theatre as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18205210",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\naccompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed of the same name. On September 15, 2017, the band released their ninth studio album, \"\"Concrete and Gold\"\", which became their second to reach number one in the United States and was the band's first studio album to feature longtime session and touring keyboardist Rami Jaffee as a full member. Over the course of the band's career, four of its albums have won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album. , the band has sold 12 million copies in the United States alone. Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl joined the grunge group Nirvana as its drummer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18185648",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters discography\"\nsold 12 million copies in the US alone. Foo Fighters' latest album, \"\"Concrete and Gold\"\", was released on September 15, 2017 and became the band's second #1 album in the United States. Foo Fighters discography The discography of Foo Fighters, an American rock band formed in 1994 by Dave Grohl, consists of nine studio albums, four extended plays (EPs), six video albums, and 36 singles. The current Foo Fighters line-up consists of Grohl (vocals and guitar), Taylor Hawkins (drums), Rami Jaffee (keyboard), Nate Mendel (bass), Chris Shiflett (guitar), and Pat Smear (guitar). In October 1994, Grohl recorded an album's worth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10171385",
"chunk_text": "\"Naked Raygun\"\nRaygun opened for Bad Religion, The Offspring and Stiff Little Fingers on the last two shows of the Summer Nationals tour at The Rave in Milwaukee and Harrah's Stir Cove in Council Bluffs, Iowa. Naked Raygun (along with Urge Overkill and Cheap Trick) opened for the Foo Fighters at Wrigley Field, Chicago, on August 29, 2015. Although the band announced plans to release a new album in 2016, new recordings have yet to surface. Nirvana drummer and Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl has frequently discussed seeing Naked Raygun as his first concert in 1982 (when he was 13) at Chicago's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "91958",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters live performances\"\nFoo Fighters live performances Foo Fighters is an American alternative rock band, founded in 1994 by musician Dave Grohl. After recording by himself what would become the album Foo Fighters, Grohl decided to recruit a full band with him as singer and guitarist. The original line-up included bassist Nate Mendel, drummer William Goldsmith, and Pat Smear. Taylor Hawkins took over the drums in 1997 after Goldsmith was fired. Smear left in 1998 being during the tour for second album The Colour and the Shape, with Franz Stahl becoming the guitarist for the reminder of the tour. Afterwards Stahl left for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19789904",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\nRock Song. On June 7, 2008, the band played Wembley Stadium, London, and was joined by Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones of Led Zeppelin to play \"\"Rock and Roll\"\" (with Grohl on drums and Hawkins on vocals) and \"\"Ramble On\"\" (sung by Grohl, drums by Hawkins). As Page and Jones left the stage before a final encore of \"\"Best Of You\"\", an ecstatic Grohl shouted \"\"Welcome to the greatest fucking day of my whole entire life!\"\". Throughout the tour for \"\"Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace\"\", Foo Fighters had been writing and practicing new songs at sound checks. After Foo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18205208",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\nSunny Day Real Estate, as well as Nirvana touring guitarist Pat Smear to complete the lineup. The band began with performances in Portland, Oregon. Goldsmith quit during the recording of the group's second album, \"\"The Colour and the Shape\"\" (1997), when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself. Smear's departure followed soon afterward, though he would rejoin them in 2006. They were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl, respectively, although Stahl was fired before the recording of the group's third album, \"\"There Is Nothing Left to Lose\"\" (1999). The band briefly continued as a trio until",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "705511",
"chunk_text": "\"Boston College Marching Band\"\nhave become traditions at Boston College. Current staff of the band include: Brian Shanbrun-Woodwinds, Tim Leonelli-Low Brass, Mark Soo-High Brass, Simon Mazzoli-Percussion, Sanjay Pamaar-Percussion Assistant, Andre Sonner-Front Ensemble, and Mary Taber-Dance Team. Additionally, the Band has performed the national anthem at Fenway Park, and on June 16, 2009 the Band opened for Aerosmith and the Dropkick Murphys at the Comcast Center in Mansfield, Massachusetts. The Band also performed \"\"I'm Shipping Up to Boston\"\" live onstage with the Dropkick Murphys at the Bank of America Pavilion in Boston on September 21, 2012. The Band was also selected to perform at the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19789922",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\nThe band played 23 songs over the course of two and a half hours. Foo Fighters announced their tour would include performances in Cape Town, South Africa, on December 10, 2014, and Johannesburg on December 13. The band played three performances under the alias \"\"The Holy Shits\"\" in September 2014; the first at the Concorde 2 club in Brighton, England, where Dave Grohl invited lead singer Jay Apperley of \"\"UK Foo Fighters\"\" tribute band on stage to sing, then at the \"\"House of Vans\"\", and lastly at \"\"Islington Assembly Hall\"\". On September 14, 2014, Foo Fighters performed at the closing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2034062",
"chunk_text": "\"Hilken Mancini\"\nis a member of the Girls Rock Camp Alliance, a foundation created to empower girls to believe in themselves by providing a supportive community that fosters self-expression, confidence, and collaboration through musical education and performance. In 2012, Mancini formed “The Monsieurs”, a garage punk band, with Andy Macbain (Tunnel of Love) and drummer Erin King. The Monsieurs have released two full-length albums (\"\"The Monsieurs\"\" and \"\"Deux\"\") and several singles on the Slovenly label. On July 21, 2018, The Monsieurs were asked to open for the Foo Fighters at Boston's Fenway Park. Hilken also works as a back-up vocalist, doing sessions",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7428896",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters: Sonic Highways\"\nin Chicago; Rancho De La Luna in California; Robert Lang Studios in Seattle, and Arlington County, Virginia's Inner Ear Studios. Each episode features interviews with artists who recorded at the respective studios. Among them are Dolly Parton, Ian MacKaye of Minor Threat and Fugazi, Paul Stanley of Kiss, Joe Walsh of Eagles, Duff McKagan of Guns N' Roses, Nancy Wilson of Heart, Rick Nielsen of Cheap Trick, Zac Brown, and Gary Clark, Jr. There was also collaboration with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band in New Orleans, which led to a live performance with Trombone Shorty. The episodes begin with a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9454571",
"chunk_text": "\"Live at Fenway Park\"\na member of Buffett's Coral Reefer Band. The album includes all of the songs in Buffett's \"\"Big 8\"\" songs that he nearly always performs in concert. Due to the location of the concert in the home stadium of Major League Baseball's Boston Red Sox, Buffett performed several related songs including baseball anthem \"\"Take Me Out to the Ball Game,\"\" Red Sox' fan favorite \"\"Sweet Caroline,\"\" originally by Neil Diamond, and \"\"Respect,\"\" made popular by Aretha Franklin, alluding to the Red Sox success in 2004 (they would go on to win the 2004 World Series) after years of poor performance. Buffett",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19788210",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\nhave been under the microscope.\"\" Having heard about the disbanding of Seattle-based rock band Sunny Day Real Estate, Grohl drafted the group's bass player, Nate Mendel, and drummer, William Goldsmith. Grohl asked Pat Smear, who served as a touring guitarist for Nirvana after the release of its 1993 album, \"\"In Utero\"\", to join as the group's second guitarist. Grohl ultimately licensed the album to Capitol Records, releasing it on his new record label, Roswell Records. Foo Fighters made its live public debut on February 23, 1995, at the Jambalaya Club in Arcata, California, and then March 3 at The Satyricon",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5374995",
"chunk_text": "\"Boston Red Sox\"\na nightly occurrence. It continues to be played at every home game during the 8th inning, sung along to by those in attendance. In 2007, Diamond revealed that the song was written for Caroline Kennedy, American diplomat and daughter of Boston icon President John F. Kennedy. Caroline Kennedy's great-grandfather, John F. Fitzgerald, threw Fenway Park's first ever ceremonial opening pitch on April 20, 1912. When Diamond was named a Kennedy Center Honors recipient in 2011, Red Sox executive assistant Claire Durant arranged for 80 Red Sox fans to travel to Washington for the ceremony, which culminated in them singing the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1591962",
"chunk_text": "\"Dave Grohl\"\ndid in May 2015 at \"\"Conejo Valley Days\"\", a county fair in Thousand Oaks, California. On May 19, 2012, the Foo Fighters appeared with Mick Jagger on \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\". They performed the Jagger/Richards songs \"\"19th Nervous Breakdown\"\" and \"\"It's Only Rock 'n Roll\"\". On November 10, 2014, the Foo Fighters released their eighth studio album, \"\"Sonic Highways\"\". On June 12, 2015, while playing a show in Gothenburg, Sweden, Grohl fell off the stage, breaking his leg. He left temporarily and returned with a cast to finish the concert. Afterward, the band cancelled the remainder of its European tour. To",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15894098",
"chunk_text": "\"Fenway Recordings\"\nbassist Clint Conley’s other band), The Kickovers (the first act to sign, with former Mighty Mighty Bosstones member Nate Albert and ex-Weezer bassist Mikey Welsh), The Love Scene, Longwave, and Unbusted. Fenway has also released compilations such as the In Our Lifetime series which has featured the artists My Morning Jacket, Ash, Cave In, Ben Kweller, Rival Schools, and Dropkick Murphys. Since 2006, the company has stopped releasing records and focused solely on management. Kates has also collaborated with Red Sox GM Theo Epstein and Peter Gammons' bi-annual concert event Hot Stove Cool Music, which debuted with a show that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3682398",
"chunk_text": "\"Northeast Delta Dental Stadium\"\nNortheast Delta Dental Stadium Northeast Delta Dental Stadium (formerly known as Merchantsauto.com Stadium) is a stadium in Manchester, New Hampshire that holds 6,500 people. It is used primarily for baseball, and is the home field of the New Hampshire Fisher Cats minor league (AA) baseball team. The first game played at the ballpark was on April 7, 2005, between the New Britain Rock Cats and the Fisher Cats. The first concert was performed by Bob Dylan on August 27, 2006. In 2011 insurance company Northeast Delta Dental signed a 10-year contract for the ballpark's naming rights with a five-year option.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18185642",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters discography\"\nFoo Fighters discography The discography of Foo Fighters, an American rock band formed in 1994 by Dave Grohl, consists of nine studio albums, four extended plays (EPs), six video albums, and 36 singles. The current Foo Fighters line-up consists of Grohl (vocals and guitar), Taylor Hawkins (drums), Rami Jaffee (keyboard), Nate Mendel (bass), Chris Shiflett (guitar), and Pat Smear (guitar). In October 1994, Grohl recorded an album's worth of songs in which he played all instruments in Seattle's Robert Lang Studios. He chose the name \"\"Foo Fighters\"\" for the project to hide his identity and passed cassettes copies of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7586282",
"chunk_text": "\"Boston Strong\"\na trademark that received registration, collected and distributed over $80 million, is closed in 2015. In late May, a concert, Boston Strong: An Evening of Support and Celebration, was held at TD Garden with performances by Aerosmith, James Taylor, Bell Biv Devoe, New Kids on the Block J. Geils Band, Boston, Godsmack, Extreme, Jason Aldean, Jimmy Buffett, Carole King, Dane Cook and Steven Wright. The Boston Strong entertainment industry concert videos online and money they generate is not associated with the bostonstrong.org charity. The term has also made its way into many publications since the bombings, as well. The roots",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19789901",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\nDrew Hester on percussion, and Rami Jaffee of The Wallflowers on keyboard and piano. While much of the setlist focused on \"\"In Your Honor\"\"'s acoustic half, the band also used the opportunity to play lesser-known songs, such as \"\"Ain't It The Life\"\", \"\"Floaty\"\", and \"\"See You\"\". The band also performed \"\"Marigold\"\", a \"\"Pocketwatch\"\"-era song that was best known as a Nirvana B-side. In November 2006, the band released their first ever live CD, \"\"Skin and Bones\"\", featuring fifteen performances captured over a three-night stint in Los Angeles. For the follow-up to \"\"In Your Honor\"\", the band decided to call in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6394625",
"chunk_text": "\"Northeast Delta Dental Stadium\"\nto host the game three times in a decade. Northeast Delta Dental Stadium Northeast Delta Dental Stadium (formerly known as Merchantsauto.com Stadium) is a stadium in Manchester, New Hampshire that holds 6,500 people. It is used primarily for baseball, and is the home field of the New Hampshire Fisher Cats minor league (AA) baseball team. The first game played at the ballpark was on April 7, 2005, between the New Britain Rock Cats and the Fisher Cats. The first concert was performed by Bob Dylan on August 27, 2006. In 2011 insurance company Northeast Delta Dental signed a 10-year contract",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15437871",
"chunk_text": "\"Boston Garden\"\ndouble live album \"\"Blow Your Face Out\"\". The Geils band returned again, and had the historical distinction of being the first band in history to sell out a three-night stand in 1982 at the Garden featuring hometown favorites Jon Butcher Axis as opening act. Hometown band Aerosmith performed at the Boston Garden ten times from 1975 to 1995 and twice played New Year's shows there, ringing in the 1990 and 1994 New Years. Other acts that performed at the Garden include Pavarotti, Frank Sinatra, Liberace, Duke Ellington, Judy Garland, Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops, U2, Bruce Springsteen, Guns N'",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5830324",
"chunk_text": "\"The Struts\"\n5 song acoustic EP that includes a cover of \"\"Hotline Bling\"\" In July 2017, they opened for the band The Who in Quebec City, playing for over 80 000 people, their biggest crowd to date. On 23 September 2017 The Struts opened for The Rolling Stones during the #nofilter tour in Lucca, Italy. On 12 October 2017 The Struts opened for the Foo Fighters at the Washington DC opening of The Anthem as part of the North American leg of the Foo Fighters' Concrete and Gold Tour. In June 2018, the band announced that they finished recording their second album,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19789928",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\nthe show in front of 48,000 people, with Grohl performing in a custom-built moving throne which he claimed to have designed himself while on painkillers in the hospital. Beginning with the show on July 4, the Foo Fighters re-branded the North American tour as the Broken Leg Tour. The band continued to use the new tour name at later North American performances. During the tour, prior to a concert at the Sprint Center in Kansas City, Missouri, on August 21, 2015, the Foo Fighters staged a counter protest against members of the Westboro Baptist Church, who were protesting their concert,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "248423",
"chunk_text": "\"Chris Shiflett\"\nChris Shiflett Christopher Aubrey Shiflett (born May 6, 1971) is best known as the lead guitarist for the rock band Foo Fighters since June 1999, and the punk rock band No Use for a Name, as well as the punk rock cover band Me First and the Gimme Gimmes. He is the younger brother of musician Scott Shiflett. Shiflett was born in Santa Barbara, California. When Shiflett was 11, he started learning how to play the guitar. A promising young soccer player, Shiflett played AYSO under legendary SB coach Noemi Vazquez from 1982–84. Pressed to make a choice on his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14832289",
"chunk_text": "\"Bender Arena\"\nconvenience store for refreshments without ever leaving the confines of the building. In addition, the facility houses the athletics department and health and fitness offices. Both buildings virtually mark the geographic center of the American University campus. Bender hosted the 2002, 2008, and 2009 Patriot League men's basketball tournament final and 2012 National Wrestling Coaches Association All-Star Classic. The arena has also played host to many concerts, including Pearl Jam in November 1991 opening for the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Phish, who played Bender Arena during their New Year's run in 1993. Bender Arena Bender Arena is a 4,500-seat",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9546586",
"chunk_text": "\"Craig Kimbrel\"\n53 innings pitched, he had a 3.40 ERA while striking out 83 and walking 30. In the 2016 American League Division Series, Kimbrel made two appearances; he retired all four batters he faced, three by strikeout, as the Red Sox were swept by the Cleveland Indians. Going into the 2017 season, Kimbrel changed his song from \"\"Welcome to the Jungle\"\" by Guns N' Roses to Ted Nugent's \"\"Stranglehold\"\". On May 11, 2017 against the Milwaukee Brewers at Miller Park, Kimbrel struck out the side in the ninth inning on nine consecutive pitches, joining Pedro Martínez and Clay Buchholz as the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5579563",
"chunk_text": "\"Fenway Recordings\"\npart himself, spinning records between sets as DJ Carbo. Artists like Read Yellow, 7L & Esoteric, and The Love Scene took part in the initial shows, which were held at The Paradise Lounge. The Sessions eventually moved to Great Scott in Allston and have featured The Cribs, Hard-Fi, Echo & The Bunnymen, Kate Nash, Freelance Whales, The Magic Numbers, Arab Strap, The Subways, The Twenty Two’s, Editors, Woflmother, White Lies, Juliana Hatfield & Evan Dando, The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger (Sean Lennon & Charlotte Kemp Muhl) and many more. In the winter of 2006, the Sessions began to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15957542",
"chunk_text": "\"Not in This Lifetime... Tour\"\nannounced as openers for select shows of the tour. Two weeks before the tour began, The Cult, Chris Stapleton, Billy Talent, and Skrillex were announced as additional openers for select shows. On June 30, Wolfmother and Tyler Bryant & The Shakedown were announced for several shows. Zakk Wylde was added as an additional opener to the band's show of August 15 in Glendale, Arizona. Additional legs of the tour were announced throughout the year, including Latin American, Asian, and Oceanian legs. Babymetal was announced as openers for the Japanese shows in 2017. In late November, commercials started airing in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8337153",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters live performances\"\nhired. The North American leg of the tour included a support slot on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' Californication Tour. \"\"We went out and opened for the Red Hot Chili Peppers in these arenas, for the first time playing larger venues over a consistent period…\"\" recalled Nate Mendel. \"\"It became obvious: 'Okay, the rules are different now – you have to do things differently to project what you're doing to fill that larger space.' Dave's sharp and motivated and ambitious. It didn't take him long to go, 'Okay, I know what to do here.' He grew into it pretty quickly.\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10665805",
"chunk_text": "\"Colonial Life Arena\"\nin 2012, Lee Brice in 2013, Darius Rucker twice (in 2014 and 2017), R. Kelly four times, Usher in 2011 with Akon, Drake with Kendrick Lamar in 2012, Chris Brown in 2014, The Weeknd w/Gucci Mane in 2017, Trey Songz, Janet Jackson, Mary J. Blige, Coolio, Skillet, Nickelback with Chevelle in 2006, Pearl Jam twice (first with Kings of Leon in 2008, and in 2016), Red Hot Chili Peppers twice (in 2012 and 2017), Maroon 5 twice (in 2016 w/Tove Lo), the Foo Fighters with The Struts in 2017, and Imagine Dragons in 2018, among others. Kanye West's return to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4947234",
"chunk_text": "\"One on One (tour)\"\nit for the last time on 31 August 1965 at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California. On 30 May 2016 at the AccorHotels Arena in Paris, France, Paul McCartney performed \"\"Michelle\"\" in between \"\"FourFiveSeconds\"\" and \"\"Eleanor Rigby\"\". On 17 July 2016, Paul played \"\"Helter Skelter\"\" at Fenway Park in Boston as the third song in the encore after \"\"Hi, Hi, Hi\"\" and before \"\"Birthday\"\" and Bob Weir of The Grateful Dead played rhythm guitar and New England Patriots tight end Rob Gronkowski danced on stage to the song. On 19 July 2016, McCartney performed his first ever show in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7895898",
"chunk_text": "\"Krist Novoselic\"\nstudio album called \"\"Wasting Light\"\", released on April 12, 2011. On December 5, 2017, Novoselic joined Foo Fighters on stage at Matthew Knight Arena in Eugene, Oregon, to play bass guitar on \"\"Big Me\"\", a song off Foo Fighters debut album \"\"Foo Fighters\"\". Ten months later, on October 6, 2018, Novoselic joined the band during an encore to play several Nirvana songs, with Dave Grohl on drums, Pat Smear on guitar, and Joan Jett filling in as their lead singer. Novoselic has had an interest in politics from high school. This included the sectarian conflict between Catholics and Protestants in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1649217",
"chunk_text": "\"Concrete and Gold Tour\"\nConcrete and Gold Tour Concrete and Gold Tour was the ninth concert tour by American rock band Foo Fighters, in support of their ninth studio album \"\"Concrete and Gold\"\". It marked the first time since November 2015 that the band had toured. The tour also featured summer festivals in Europe and Asia. It began June 16, 2017, in Reykjavík, Iceland, and it concluded October 23, 2018 in Calgary, Canada. Foo Fighters The Colour and the Shape There Is Nothing Left to Lose One by One In Your Honor Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace Greatest Hits Wasting Light Sonic Highways Saint",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11865333",
"chunk_text": "\"Fenway Park\"\nhas been played at Fenway Park since at least 1997, and in the middle of the eighth inning at every game since 2002. On opening night of the 2010 season at Fenway Park, the song was performed by Diamond himself. Since 1990 (except in 2005 when, because of field work, it was held in a minor league ballpark), Fenway Park has also played host to the final round of a Boston-area intercollegiate baseball tournament called the Baseball Beanpot, an equivalent to the more well-known hockey Beanpot tourney. The teams play the first rounds in minor league stadiums before moving on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19789930",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\nsinger, with the video ending \"\"For the millionth time, we're not breaking up. And nobody's going fucking solo!\"\" In May 2016, Shiflett stated that the band still had no particular plans for reforming, but assured that it would happen eventually. Grohl announced that the band would spend much of 2017 recording their ninth studio album. On June 1, 2017, their new single \"\"Run\"\" was released. \"\"Run\"\" topped the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Mainstream Rock Songs chart the following month. With the new album release, the Foo Fighters also confirmed that touring keyboardist Rami Jaffee is officially the sixth member of the group.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20435733",
"chunk_text": "\"Gary Clark Jr.\"\nVaughan. On May 24, 2015, Clark opened for The Rolling Stones at Petco Park in San Diego and on July 4, 2015, played as part of the lineup for the Foo Fighters 20th Anniversary show at RFK Stadium in Washington D.C. On June 8, 2016, he performed alongside Jon Batiste and Stay Human as musical guest of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and on June 26, 2016, he performed during West Holts Stage, Glastonbury Festival, and on July 8, 2016, performed on the Preferred One Stage at the Basilica Block Party in Minneapolis. Kirk Watson, the Mayor of Austin,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8437650",
"chunk_text": "\"Sullivan Arena\"\nUK) in '85, Jimmy Buffett (from Key West) in '87, Bon Jovi in '89, Steve Miller Band (from San Francisco) in '93, Dr. Dre and Snoop Doggy Dogg in '94, Coolio in '96, Filter in '96, Aerosmith (from Boston) in '98, Green Day in '98, Stone Temple Pilots in '00, No Doubt in '00, Blink-182 in '01, James Brown in '01, Elton John in '08, Red Hot Chili Peppers in '13, Alaska's 36 Crazyfists in '15 for the Vans Warped Tour, Ontario's Sum 41 in '16, and Luke Bryan in '17. Sullivan Arena The George M. Sullivan Arena (commonly shortened",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5579562",
"chunk_text": "\"Fenway Recordings\"\nfeatured Kay Hanley of Letters To Cleo, Buffalo Tom, Juliana Hatfield, Red Sox stars Bronson Arroyo and Lenny DiNardo and the New York Yankees' Bernie Williams. The Hot Stove Cool Music compilation featured artists including Pearl Jam, Paul Westerberg, and The Allman Brothers Band. This compilation along with a series of benefit concerts has raised over $500,000 for the Jimmy Fund and over $300,000 Epstein’s \"\"Foundation To Be Named Later\"\". Since the Spring of 2004, Fenway has put on the Fenway Recording Sessions, a series of concerts that has been host to local, national, and international artists. Kates often takes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10800948",
"chunk_text": "\"Taylor Hawkins\"\nstarted working with Benoit,\"\" Squire recalled. \"\"In fact, my friend, Taylor Hawkins, had been telling me for years: 'If you ever need a replacement (singer), I know exactly the guy.'\"\" Taylor Hawkins Oliver Taylor Hawkins (born February 17, 1972) is an American musician, best known as the drummer of the rock band Foo Fighters. Prior to joining the band in 1997, he was the touring drummer for Alanis Morissette as well as the drummer in a progressive experimental band called Sylvia. In 2004, Hawkins formed his own side project, Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders, in which he plays drums",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "91959",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters live performances\"\ncreative differences, and while the band recorded There Is Nothing Left to Lose as a trio, for the tour they again had a second guitarist, Chris Shiflett. Smear eventually became part of the band’s tour musicians in 2006, and rejoined as a full-time member in 2011. The first Foo Fighters show took place in February 19 above a boat house in Seattle and was performed for friends and family; the band's first public show took place in February 23 on the Jambalaya Club in Arcata, California; the band were in the area mixing the album and a local promotor asked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18935212",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters\"\nsince been removed from the band's website and no further mentions or shows of support have been made. Around 2001, Foo Fighters established a relationship with rock band Queen, of whom the band (particularly Grohl and Hawkins) were fans. In March of that year, Grohl and Hawkins inducted the band into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and joined them on stage for a rendition of the Queen 1976 classic \"\"Tie Your Mother Down\"\", with Hawkins playing drums alongside Roger Taylor, while Grohl was playing rhythm guitar and handling vocal duties. Guitarist Brian May added a guitar track to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7428897",
"chunk_text": "\"Foo Fighters: Sonic Highways\"\nquote from a song that was recorded in their respective location and ends with a music video for that same song with animated lyrics appearing in the background. On May 5, 2014, Foo Fighters gave a surprise two-hour concert at in Washington D.C. On May 7, 2014, Grohl performed a surprise hour-long solo set at The Bluebird Cafe in Nashville to a crowd of approximately 100 people. On May 17, 2014, after a week of recording at Preservation Hall, the band played a surprise show for 90-minutes, which proceeded to shut down an entire block of St. Peter Street in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7155060",
"chunk_text": "\"Manchester Arena\"\nAfter this, a suicide bombing took place at the foyer of the arena. (see below) The arena was reopened by Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds and a cohort of local stars such as The Courteeners, Blossoms, Rick Astley and comedian Peter Kay as part of the \"\"We Are Manchester\"\" event on 9 September 2017. Metallica performed at the arena on 28 October 2017 in front of 19,423 people, as a part of their WorldWired Tour. On 29 November 2017, Phil Collins performed one night here with his Not Dead Yet Tour. On 1 December 2017, Gorillaz performed here with their",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12711043",
"chunk_text": "\"Red Hot Chili Peppers\"\ncommunity support for both those diagnosed with cancer and their caretakers. It is named after comedian Gilda Radner. The band kicked off the headlining portion of \"\"The Getaway World Tour\"\" in September with the North American leg, featuring Jack Irons, the band's original drummer as an opening act on all dates, beginning in January 2017. Dave Rat, the band's sound engineer since 1991, announced that following the band's show of January 22, 2017 he would no longer be working with the band. \"\"I truly love Flea, Anthony, Chad, Josh and all my dear and close friends I consider family both",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_972
|
who wrote yakkity yak don't talk back?
|
n/a
|
[
"Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller",
"Jerry Leiber",
"Mike Stoller"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13845411",
"chunk_text": "\"Yakety Yak\"\nLeiber and Stoller wrote and produced. The lyrics describe the listing of household chores to a kid, presumably a teenager, the teenager's response (\"\"yakety yak\"\") and the parents' retort (\"\"don't talk back\"\") — an experience very familiar to a middle-class teenager of the day. Leiber has said the Coasters portrayed \"\"a white kid’s view of a black person’s conception of white society.\"\" The serio-comic street-smart “playlets” etched out by the songwriters were sung by the Coasters with a sly clowning humor, while the saxophone of King Curtis filled in, in the up-tempo doo-wop style. The group was openly \"\"theatrical\"\" in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13845412",
"chunk_text": "\"Yakety Yak\"\nstyle—they were not pretending to be expressing their own experience. The threatened punishment for not taking out the garbage and sweeping the floor is, in the song's humorous lyrics: And the refrain is: Yakety Yak \"\"Yakety Yak\"\" is a song written, produced, and arranged by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller for The Coasters and released on Atco Records in 1958, spending seven weeks as #1 on the R&B charts and a week as number one on the Top 100 pop list. This song was one of a string of singles released by The Coasters between 1957 and 1959 that dominated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18153436",
"chunk_text": "\"Yakkity Yak\"\nYakkity Yak Yakkity Yak is an Australian–Canadian animated television series created by Mark Gravas that ran on Teletoon in Canada and on Nickelodeon in Australia from November 9, 2002 to December 12, 2003. The series was known for its surreal humor and featured animation incongruous with Nickelodeon's typical style. The story centers around an anthropomorphic yak named Yakkity who aspires to become a famous comedian and his friends, Keo (an anthropomorphic pineapple) and Lemony (a young human girl). A modified version of the 1958 soul song \"\"Yakety Yak\"\" by The Coasters (in which children sing some portions) is used as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13845410",
"chunk_text": "\"Yakety Yak\"\nYakety Yak \"\"Yakety Yak\"\" is a song written, produced, and arranged by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller for The Coasters and released on Atco Records in 1958, spending seven weeks as #1 on the R&B charts and a week as number one on the Top 100 pop list. This song was one of a string of singles released by The Coasters between 1957 and 1959 that dominated the charts, one of the biggest performing acts of the rock and roll era. The song is a \"\"playlet,\"\" a word Stoller used for the glimpses into teenage life that characterized the songs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6217339",
"chunk_text": "\"Carl Gardner\"\nCarl Gardner Carl Edward Gardner (April 29, 1928 – June 12, 2011) was an American singer, best known as the foremost member and founder of The Coasters. Known for the 1958 song \"\"Yakety Yak\"\", which spent a week as number one on the Hot 100 pop list, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. Gardner was born in Tyler, Texas, to Rebecca and Robert Gardner. As a singer, his first major career success came with The Robins, a rhythm and blues group that had a big hit in 1955, \"\"Smokey Joe's Café\"\". After leaving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15913246",
"chunk_text": "\"Carl Gardner\"\na performing group, which has no original members. Carl Gardner Carl Edward Gardner (April 29, 1928 – June 12, 2011) was an American singer, best known as the foremost member and founder of The Coasters. Known for the 1958 song \"\"Yakety Yak\"\", which spent a week as number one on the Hot 100 pop list, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. Gardner was born in Tyler, Texas, to Rebecca and Robert Gardner. As a singer, his first major career success came with The Robins, a rhythm and blues group that had a big",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12446579",
"chunk_text": "Judgment!\nthe song \"\"Yakety Yak\"\", referring to \"\"senseless dialogue between people,\"\" whilst \"\"Alfred\"\" was dedicated to producer Alfred Lion because of his \"\"natural understanding of jazz in general.\"\" The title track \"\"Judgment\"\" was inspired by a poem written by Hill's wife, Lavern. \"\"Reconciliation\"\" addresses \"\"the adjustment every musician has to make to achieve unity and harmony with the rest of the group.\"\" All compositions by Andrew Hill Judgment! Judgment! is a studio album by American jazz pianist Andrew Hill, recorded and released in 1964 on Blue Note Records. Accompanied by a rhythm section and vibraphone - played by Bobby Hutcherson -",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19652176",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Hammer (songwriter)\"\nfather wrote \"\"Great Balls of Fire\"\", she also claimed that he wrote \"\"Yakety Yak\"\". However, Hammer actually wrote a song with a similar title, \"\"Yakkity Yak\"\", which was issued as a B-side by the Markeys (not to be confused with the Mar-Keys). Jack Hammer (songwriter) Earl Solomon Burroughs (September 16, 1925 – April 8, 2016), known professionally as Jack Hammer, was an American pianist, singer, and songwriter, credited as the co-writer of \"\"Great Balls of Fire\"\". Burroughs was born either in Fulton County, Georgia, New Orleans, or Grovetown, Georgia, but grew up in California. In the early 1950s, he moved",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1489858",
"chunk_text": "\"Yakkity Yak\"\nthe series' theme song. \"\"Yakkity Yak\"\" debuted on Canada's Teletoon on January 4, 2003, with the last episode airing on January 28, 2004. It also aired on BBC Kids. In the UK it aired on CBBC. On January 17, 2004, it was added to the Nicktoons Network schedule for a few years, but it was removed from the rotation on October 2, 2007. Previously known as \"\"The Yakking\"\". The show was nominated for a Leo Award for \"\"Best Musical Score\"\" in 2004. Yakkity Yak Yakkity Yak is an Australian–Canadian animated television series created by Mark Gravas that ran on Teletoon",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8761652",
"chunk_text": "\"The Swinging Blue Jeans\"\nThe Swinging Blue Jeans The Swinging Blue Jeans are a four-piece 1960s British Merseybeat band, best known for their hit singles with the HMV label; \"\"Hippy Hippy Shake\"\", \"\"Good Golly Miss Molly\"\", and \"\"You're No Good\"\", issued in 1964. Subsequent singles released that year and the next made no impression. In 1966, their version of Burt Bacharach and Hal David's \"\"Don't Make Me Over\"\" peaked at no. 31 in the UK Singles Chart, but the group never charted again. The group had its origins in 1957, when Bruce McCaskill formed a jazz influenced skiffle sextet group called the Bluegenes. Besides",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6856941",
"chunk_text": "\"Chattery Teeth\"\nChattery Teeth Chattery Teeth are a children's wind-up toy designed by Eddy Goldfarb for design company Marvin Glass and Associates. Originally called \"\"Yakkity Yak Talking Teeth\"\" upon release in 1949 by novelty company H. Fishlove & Co., a pair of mechanized teeth are wound up at the back, and the teeth clatter together. Reproductions are today sold at novelty stores. While most chattery teeth come equipped with walking feet, many models do not. Goldfarb's original design, which he claimed was inspired by his mother-in-law, was awarded from the U.S. Patent Office. H. Fishlove, now a division of magic trick and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7816293",
"chunk_text": "\"Gino Parks\"\n\"\"Bacon Fat\"\". He and Williams then performed as a duo, and recorded for Fortune Records. In 1960, Parks signed for Berry Gordy's Motown Records, and was first credited on \"\"Blibberin' Blabberin' Blues\"\", an answer record to the Coasters' \"\"Yakety Yak\"\", in 1961. This was followed by \"\"That's No Lie\"\", released on the Tamla label, and then \"\"For This I Thank You\"\"/\"\"Fire\"\" in 1962. He then moved to Golden World Records, also in Detroit, releasing \"\"Talkin' About My Baby\"\"/\"\"My Sophisticated Lady\"\" in 1966. The following year he recorded \"\"Nerves of Steel\"\", produced by Raynoma and Eddie Singleton for the Crazy Horse",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6448045",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Want to Talk About It\"\nI Don't Want to Talk About It \"\"I Don't Want to Talk About It\"\" is a song written by Danny Whitten. It was first recorded by Crazy Horse and issued as the final track on side one of their 1971 eponymous album. It was Whitten's signature tune, but gained more fame via its numerous cover versions, especially that by Rod Stewart. In 1975, Rod Stewart recorded the song at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama, for his album \"\"Atlantic Crossing\"\". This became successful when it was released as a single. In the United States, it became a top fifty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9077103",
"chunk_text": "\"Make It Snappy\"\nMake It Snappy Make It Snappy was a musical revue that ran for 96 performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in the 1922–23 Broadway season. It ran from 13 April to 1 July 1922. It starred Eddie Cantor, who introduced the hit songs \"\"Yes! We Have No Bananas\"\" and \"\"The Sheik of Araby\"\". Harold R. Atteridge and Eddie Cantor wrote the book. Harold Atteridge wrote the lyrics to music by Jean Schwartz. Alfred Bryan and William B. Friedlander wrote additional lyrics, and Friedlander wrote additional music. The show was produced by The Winter Garden Company, with production supervised by Jacob",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4727810",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Start Me Talkin'\"\nDon't Start Me Talkin' \"\"Don't Start Me Talkin'\"\" (also called \"\"Don't Start Me to Talkin'\"\") is a blues song written and performed by Sonny Boy Williamson II. It was Williamson's first single recorded for Checker Records and reached number three in the Billboard R&B charts in 1955. After Trumpet Records folded, on August 12, 1955, Sonny Boy Williamson II had his first recording session for Checker Records. \"\"Don't Start Me Talkin'\"\" was recorded at these sessions. Backing Williamson on vocals and harmonica were Otis Spann on piano, Muddy Waters and Jimmy Rogers on guitar, Willie Dixon on bass, and Fred",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8817844",
"chunk_text": "\"The Coasters\"\nwith stolen checks. Cavanaugh was convicted of the murder and given the death sentence in 1984, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison. He died at 60 in 2006, in Ely State Prison, in Nevada. The Coasters continue to appear regularly on \"\"oldies\"\" shows and PBS specials as old favorites and are available for bookings. The hits list below is from Joel Whitburn's Top R&B Singles and from the Pop positions published in Bill Millar's book \"\"The Coasters\"\" (1975). Carl Gardner published his autobiography, \"\"Carl Gardner: Yakety Yak I Fought Back: My Life With The Coasters\"\", in 2007.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "833873",
"chunk_text": "\"Please Don't Ask About Barbara\"\nby Bobby Vee at United Recording Studio on March 28, 1962. Please Don't Ask About Barbara \"\"Please Don't Ask About Barbara\"\" is a song written by Bill Buchanan and Jack Keller and performed by Bobby Vee. It reached #15 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, #18 in Canada, and #29 in the UK in 1962. It was featured on his 1962 album, \"\"A Bobby Vee Recording Session\"\". The song was produced by Snuff Garrett. The single's B-side, \"\"I Can't Say Goodbye\"\", reached #90 in Canada and #92 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" chart. \"\"Go Away Little Girl\"\" was a hit for Steve Lawrence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "833872",
"chunk_text": "\"Please Don't Ask About Barbara\"\nPlease Don't Ask About Barbara \"\"Please Don't Ask About Barbara\"\" is a song written by Bill Buchanan and Jack Keller and performed by Bobby Vee. It reached #15 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, #18 in Canada, and #29 in the UK in 1962. It was featured on his 1962 album, \"\"A Bobby Vee Recording Session\"\". The song was produced by Snuff Garrett. The single's B-side, \"\"I Can't Say Goodbye\"\", reached #90 in Canada and #92 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" chart. \"\"Go Away Little Girl\"\" was a hit for Steve Lawrence on Columbia Records in late 1962, however the original was recorded",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8761659",
"chunk_text": "\"The Swinging Blue Jeans\"\nto perform today, with no original members, under the leadership of Lovell. The Swinging Blue Jeans The Swinging Blue Jeans are a four-piece 1960s British Merseybeat band, best known for their hit singles with the HMV label; \"\"Hippy Hippy Shake\"\", \"\"Good Golly Miss Molly\"\", and \"\"You're No Good\"\", issued in 1964. Subsequent singles released that year and the next made no impression. In 1966, their version of Burt Bacharach and Hal David's \"\"Don't Make Me Over\"\" peaked at no. 31 in the UK Singles Chart, but the group never charted again. The group had its origins in 1957, when Bruce",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4834129",
"chunk_text": "\"James Tim Brymn\"\nand made a series of recordings for OKeh Records, including \"\"Daddy Won’t You Please Come Home,\"\" \"\"Don’t Tell Your Monkey Man,\"\" and \"\"Siren of the Southern Sea.\"\" Later, in the 1920s, he became the musical director at James Reese Europe's Clef Club in Harlem, and for the Broadway theatre show \"\"Liza\"\". With Chris Smith and Cecil Mack, he wrote \"\"The Camel Walk\"\", a popular dance tune in 1925. In 1933, he joined ASCAP. He died in New York City on October 3, 1946. James Tim Brymn James Timothy Brymn (October 5, 1874 or 1881 – October 3, 1946) was an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7929501",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Touch Me\"\nin 2003. \"\"Don't Touch Me\"\" has been covered by a number of other artists in the country field, including Tammy Wynette, on her 1967 debut album, \"\"Your Good Girl's Gonna Go Bad,\"\" Don Gibson, George Jones, Lynn Anderson for the album \"\"Songs That Made Country Girls Famous\"\" (1970), Barbara Mandrell, Lorrie Morgan, Ray Price, Eddy Arnold, and Dottie West. Other versions were: Don't Touch Me \"\"Don't Touch Me\"\" is the name of a classic country music song originally recorded and made famous by Jeannie Seely in 1966. \"\"Don't Touch Me\"\" was written by Jeannie Seely's husband, Hank Cochran, the songwriter",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13785751",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Touch Me\"\nDon't Touch Me \"\"Don't Touch Me\"\" is the name of a classic country music song originally recorded and made famous by Jeannie Seely in 1966. \"\"Don't Touch Me\"\" was written by Jeannie Seely's husband, Hank Cochran, the songwriter who wrote Patsy Cline's \"\"I Fall to Pieces\"\" and Eddy Arnold's \"\"Make the World Go Away\"\". Country music singer, Buck Owens originally wanted to record the song, but before he could do so, Cochran gave the song to Seely instead. This was the first single recorded by Seely after recently signing with Monument records in early 1966. \"\"Don't Touch Me\"\" was recorded",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4727812",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Start Me Talkin'\"\nChampion Jack Dupree, Rory Gallagher, Willie \"\"Big Eyes\"\" Smith, Fenton Robinson, and Gary Moore, among others. Don't Start Me Talkin' \"\"Don't Start Me Talkin'\"\" (also called \"\"Don't Start Me to Talkin'\"\") is a blues song written and performed by Sonny Boy Williamson II. It was Williamson's first single recorded for Checker Records and reached number three in the Billboard R&B charts in 1955. After Trumpet Records folded, on August 12, 1955, Sonny Boy Williamson II had his first recording session for Checker Records. \"\"Don't Start Me Talkin'\"\" was recorded at these sessions. Backing Williamson on vocals and harmonica were Otis",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7170100",
"chunk_text": "Yahzarah\nYahzarah Dana Nicole Amma Williams (born June 24, 1978), is known professionally as Yahzarah, is a Ghanaian American singer and music producer. She is known for radio hits \"\"Wishing\"\" and \"\"Why Dontcha Call Me No More\"\". In 1997, she began her career as a background singer for Erykah Badu. In 2000, Yahzarah signed to Keo Music Records released her first album, \"\"Hear Me\"\". In 2002, Yahzarah signed a recording contract with Three Keys Music and released her second album, \"\"Blackstar\"\", in September 2003. In 2004, Yahzarah left Three Keys Music and join The Foreign Exchange. After a brief hiatus, Yahzarah",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7178358",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Talk to Strangers (The Beau Brummels song)\"\nTalk to Strangers\"\" was written by Ron Elliott and Bob Durand. Sylvester Stewart, later known as Sly Stone, produced the track. The song has received generally positive reviews in the decades since its release. \"\"San Francisco Chronicle\"\" music critic Joel Selvin called the song inventive, while author Maury Dean praised the song's \"\"raging chord patterns and dynamic harmonies,\"\" and called the instrumental bridge \"\"second to none in punch and pulse in power.\"\" The song has been criticized, however, for sounding too similar to The Byrds in regard to the harmonies and twelve-string guitar licks. A live performance of the song",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6856942",
"chunk_text": "\"Chattery Teeth\"\nnovelty manufacturer Fun Inc., still produces chattery teeth based on Goldfarb's specifications. Chattery Teeth are also commonly seen in toy shops in cartoons. the toy is used as the logo for Rooster Teeth alongside a silhouette of Rooster. Chattery Teeth Chattery Teeth are a children's wind-up toy designed by Eddy Goldfarb for design company Marvin Glass and Associates. Originally called \"\"Yakkity Yak Talking Teeth\"\" upon release in 1949 by novelty company H. Fishlove & Co., a pair of mechanized teeth are wound up at the back, and the teeth clatter together. Reproductions are today sold at novelty stores. While most",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13933754",
"chunk_text": "\"Brenda Kahn\"\nremain poetic and beautiful. The hooks in this album dig their heels in and don’t let go. It’s great to have Kahn making music again.\"\" Brenda Kahn Brenda Kahn (born May 3, 1967) is an American singer-songwriter, poet and educator based in Center Valley, PA who is known for her poetic lyrics. Her career began in 1990, when her first album, \"\"Goldfish Don't Talk Back\"\", was released to critical acclaim. Her punk-tinged folk music led to a major label deal with the Chaos label at Columbia Records, and in 1992, Kahn released \"\"Epiphany in Brooklyn\"\". This album, which featured Kahn's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8817850",
"chunk_text": "\"The Coasters\"\nfrom \"\"Little Egypt (Ying-Yang)\"\" in his 1972 song \"\"Sharon\"\". Paolo Nutini regularly covers \"\"Down In Mexico\"\" in live performances. (Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame inductees listed in bold.) Notes: Non-charting singles include month and year of release. All Atco recordings above issued on \"\"There's a Riot Goin' On: The Coasters on Atco\"\" CD. Three of the \"\"Cash Box\"\" pop entry dates slightly differ (by a week or two – either way; e.g. \"\"Yakety Yak\"\" entered the Cash Box Pop Chart In May). UK chart entry dates also differ from US chart entry dates.<br><nowiki>*</nowiki> \"\"T'Ain't Nothin' To Me\"\" R&B position",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9847109",
"chunk_text": "\"Lane Tietgen\"\nLane Tietgen Lane Tietgen (born Topeka, Kansas) is an American poet, composer and musician who sings and plays guitar and bass. Tietgen currently lives in the Bay Area in California. A number of Tietgen's songs have been covered by famous musicians, including \"\"Captain Bobby Stout\"\" and \"\"Martha's Madmen\"\" by Manfred Mann's Earth Band, \"\"It Can't Make Any Difference to Me\"\" by Dave Mason, and \"\"Red and Black Blues\"\" by Ringo Starr. In 2006 Ice Cube used a melody by Tietgen for his song, \"\"Click, Clack - Get Back!,\"\" on the album Laugh Now, Cry Later. Tietgen began his musical career",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9077107",
"chunk_text": "\"Make It Snappy\"\nthe most popular New York shows did in the days before air conditioning. \"\"The New York Sun\"\" said of Cantor's performance that \"\"Al Jolson now has a rival\"\". The full cast was: Notes Citations Sources Make It Snappy Make It Snappy was a musical revue that ran for 96 performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in the 1922–23 Broadway season. It ran from 13 April to 1 July 1922. It starred Eddie Cantor, who introduced the hit songs \"\"Yes! We Have No Bananas\"\" and \"\"The Sheik of Araby\"\". Harold R. Atteridge and Eddie Cantor wrote the book. Harold Atteridge wrote",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6905457",
"chunk_text": "\"Danny Whitten\"\nDanny Whitten Daniel Ray Whitten (May 8, 1943 – November 18, 1972) was an American musician and songwriter best known for his work with Neil Young's backing band Crazy Horse, and for the song \"\"I Don't Want To Talk About It\"\", a hit for Rod Stewart and Everything but the Girl. Whitten was born on May 8, 1943, in Columbus, Georgia. His parents split up when he was young. He and his sister, Brenda, lived with their mother, who worked long hours as a waitress. His mother remarried when he was 9 and the family moved to Canton, Ohio. Whitten",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14330100",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Talk to Strangers (Rick Springfield song)\"\nDon't Talk to Strangers (Rick Springfield song) \"\"Don't Talk to Strangers\"\" is a song written and performed by Australian musician Rick Springfield. This song was released as a single in 1982, from the album \"\"Success Hasn't Spoiled Me Yet\"\". It reached #2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks, making it his second biggest hit in the United States after the #1 hit, \"\"Jessie's Girl\"\". It was kept off the top spot by \"\"Ebony and Ivory\"\" by Paul McCartney and Stevie Wonder. Springfield was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance with the song in 1983. The song",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10149719",
"chunk_text": "\"Mac Davis\"\nchildren. Mac Davis Morris Mac Davis (born January 21, 1942) is a country music singer, songwriter, and actor, originally from Lubbock, Texas, who has enjoyed much crossover success. His early work writing for Elvis Presley produced the hits \"\"Memories\"\", \"\"In the Ghetto\"\", \"\"Don't Cry Daddy\"\", and \"\"A Little Less Conversation\"\". A subsequent solo career in the 1970s produced hits such as \"\"Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me.\"\" He also starred in his own variety show, a Broadway musical, and various films and TV shows. Davis graduated at 16 from Lubbock High School in Lubbock, Texas. He spent his childhood years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "575434",
"chunk_text": "\"Moe Jaffe\"\n\"\"Don't Fence Me In\"\"). In the mid-1940s, Jaffe formed a business collaboration with Paul Kapp, a personal manager for musical artists. Together, they founded General Music Publishing Company, which had its first big hit in 1948 with Jaffe's song \"\"I'm My Own Grandpaw\"\", co-written with Dwight Latham. Latham was a singer with The Jesters, a popular trio known for their novelty songs. He was probably the one who remembered an anecdote, then attributed to Mark Twain, that described someone who became his own grandfather by marrying his daughter's stepmother. More likely, the idea for \"\"Grandpaw\"\" may have derived from a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8969036",
"chunk_text": "\"Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller\"\nJerry Leiber and Mike Stoller Lyricist Jerome Leiber (April 25, 1933 – August 22, 2011) and composer Michael Stoller; (born March 13, 1933) were American songwriting and record producing partners. They found success as the writers of such crossover hit songs as \"\"Hound Dog\"\" (1952) and \"\"Kansas City\"\" (1952). Later in the 1950s, particularly through their work with The Coasters, they created a string of ground-breaking hits—including \"\"Young Blood\"\" (1957), \"\"Searchin'\"\" (1957), and \"\"Yakety Yak\"\" (1958)—that used the humorous vernacular of teenagers sung in a style that was openly theatrical rather than personal. They were the first to surround black",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3346844",
"chunk_text": "\"Brenda Kahn\"\nBrenda Kahn Brenda Kahn (born May 3, 1967) is an American singer-songwriter, poet and educator based in Center Valley, PA who is known for her poetic lyrics. Her career began in 1990, when her first album, \"\"Goldfish Don't Talk Back\"\", was released to critical acclaim. Her punk-tinged folk music led to a major label deal with the Chaos label at Columbia Records, and in 1992, Kahn released \"\"Epiphany in Brooklyn\"\". This album, which featured Kahn's darkly humorous stories of love, confusion, and tragedy in urban America, was heralded by critics and fans throughout the United States. \"\"People\"\" magazine compared her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5593507",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Speak\"\nDon't Speak \"\"Don't Speak\"\" is a song by the American ska band No Doubt from their third studio album \"\"Tragic Kingdom\"\" (1995). It was released on April 15, 1996 in the United States as the third single from \"\"Tragic Kingdom\"\". Lead singer Gwen Stefani and her brother Eric Stefani, former No Doubt member, wrote the song originally as a love song. The song went through several rewrites and new versions. Gwen modified it into a breakup song about her bandmate and ex-boyfriend Tony Kanal shortly after he ended their seven-year relationship. Despite the song's popularity, \"\"Don't Speak\"\" did not chart",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7681231",
"chunk_text": "\"The Tennors\"\n\"\"Cleopatra (I've Got to Get You Off My Mind)\"\", \"\"Grandpa\"\", \"\"Massi Massa\"\", \"\"Girl You Hold Me\"\" and \"\"Rub Me Khaki\"\", \"\"Sufferer\"\", \"\"Sign of the Times\"\", \"\"Biff Baff\"\" (aka \"\"Traitor\"\"), \"\"Bow Legged Girl\"\", \"\"Little Things\"\", \"\"Cherry\"\" and \"\"Oh My Baby\"\". The group became a trio again with the addition of Ronnie Davis in 1968. Other singers who were in the Tennors included Nehemiah Davis, George Dekker, Howard Spencer, and Hilton Wilson. The trio backed singer Jackie Bernard on \"\"Another Scorcher\"\", and moved towards reggae with the song \"\"Reggae Girl\"\". Under Sonia Pottinger, they recorded \"\"Gee Whiz\"\" and \"\"Give Me Bread\"\". In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4103699",
"chunk_text": "\"It's So Hard\"\nthe 1950s and 1960s, including The Coasters' 1958 hit \"\"Yakety Yak\"\". It was one of his final performances, as he was murdered just one month before the US release of \"\"Imagine\"\". His sax break for \"\"It's So Hard\"\" was recorded on 5 July 1971. Klaus Voormann, a longtime friend of the Beatles and designer of the \"\"Revolver\"\" album cover, plays bass on the song. Mellers praises the potency of the song's \"\"barrelhouse piano style\"\" and the compulsiveness generated by the song's ostinato. Music instructors Ben Urish and Ken Bielen describe \"\"It's So Hard\"\" as \"\"enjoyable enough\"\" claiming that it \"\"makes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10149693",
"chunk_text": "\"Mac Davis\"\nMac Davis Morris Mac Davis (born January 21, 1942) is a country music singer, songwriter, and actor, originally from Lubbock, Texas, who has enjoyed much crossover success. His early work writing for Elvis Presley produced the hits \"\"Memories\"\", \"\"In the Ghetto\"\", \"\"Don't Cry Daddy\"\", and \"\"A Little Less Conversation\"\". A subsequent solo career in the 1970s produced hits such as \"\"Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me.\"\" He also starred in his own variety show, a Broadway musical, and various films and TV shows. Davis graduated at 16 from Lubbock High School in Lubbock, Texas. He spent his childhood years with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3952436",
"chunk_text": "\"Peter Yarrow\"\nPeter Yarrow Peter Yarrow (born May 31, 1938) is an American singer and songwriter who found fame with the 1960s folk music trio Peter, Paul and Mary. Yarrow co-wrote (with Leonard Lipton) one of the group's greatest hits, \"\"Puff, the Magic Dragon\"\". He is also a political activist and has supported causes that range from opposition to the Vietnam War to the creation of Operation Respect, an organization that promotes tolerance and civility in schools. Peter Yarrow was born in Manhattan, the son of Vera Wisebrode (née Vira Burtakoff) and Bernard Yarrow. His parents were educated Ukrainian Jewish immigrants, whose",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18011367",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Call Me Baby (Voice of the Beehive song)\"\nDon't Call Me Baby (Voice of the Beehive song) \"\"Don't Call Me Baby\"\" is a 1988 single by the Anglo-American alternative pop rock band Voice of the Beehive. The song was composed by lead singer Tracey Bryn with guitarist and keyboardist Mike Jones, and was released as the fourth single from the band's debut album, \"\"Let It Bee\"\". Backed with \"\"Jump This Way\"\", it became a hit, peaking at No. 15 in the UK, No. 48 in Australia, and No. 25 in New Zealand. It has remained one of the band's most enduring hits. The song was included on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10512730",
"chunk_text": "\"Ronald \"\"Ron\"\" Jones\"\nRonald \"\"Ron\"\" Jones Ronald \"\"Ron\"\" Jones is an American singer-songwriter and musician, who was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is the President/CEO of Maximum Entertainment, and has enjoyed a diverse career as a versatile musician, composer, record producer and promoter. Raised in a musical family, Ron is the son of Joe Jones who composed and recorded the classic New Orleans hit, \"\"You Talk Too Much.\"\" The Jones household was a musical haven frequented with jam sessions including legendary Artists such as Fats Domino, Ray Charles, Professor Longhair, James Booker, Huey Piano Smith, and Jessie Hill. This is where Ron",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5024872",
"chunk_text": "\"From Y to Z and Never Again\"\nFrom Y to Z and Never Again From Y To Z and Never Again is an EP released by the seminal punk band Big in Japan. It includes four out of their six recorded songs and is most notable for being the first release on Zoo Records, the label created by band members Bill Drummond and David Balfe. It was also one of the first releases that came from the late 70s-early 80s Liverpool rock scene. The scene also included, amongst others, Echo & the Bunnymen, OMD, The Teardrop Explodes and Dalek I Love You. The EP has been out",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10269411",
"chunk_text": "\"King Curtis\"\nKing Curtis Curtis Ousley (born Curtis Montgomery; February 7, 1934 – August 13, 1971), who performed under the stage name King Curtis, was an American saxophonist known for rhythm and blues, rock and roll, soul, blues, funk and soul jazz. Variously a bandleader, band member, and session musician, he was also a musical director and record producer. Adept at tenor, alto, and soprano saxophone, he played riffs and solos on such hit singles as \"\"Respect\"\" by Aretha Franklin, and \"\"Yakety Yak\"\" by The Coasters (the latter of which later became the inspiration for Boots Randolph's \"\"Yakety Sax\"\") and his own",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6914523",
"chunk_text": "\"I Don't Want to Talk About It\"\nname back to his birth name of Lee Roberts whilst living in Holland. Other notable artists who have recorded versions of this song include Blue, Rita Coolidge, Billie Jo Spears, Ian Matthews, A-Mei, Pegi Young, D'ZRT, Nils Lofgren (who also helped Whitten write the song though he received no album credit for this), Dina Carroll, Joe McElderry, David Sneddon (winner of the BBC's \"\"Fame Academy\"\"), Geoff Muldaur, Llama Farmers, Alex Parks, Indigo Girls (on the \"\"Philadelphia\"\" soundtrack), and Andy Williams. I Don't Want to Talk About It \"\"I Don't Want to Talk About It\"\" is a song written by Danny",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11488188",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\nand 1940s African American vocal groups. Acts like the Crows, the Penguins, the El Dorados and the Turbans all scored major hits, and groups like the Platters, with songs including \"\"The Great Pretender\"\" (1955), and the Coasters with humorous songs like \"\"Yakety Yak\"\" (1958), ranked among the most successful rock and roll acts of the period. The era also saw the growth in popularity of the electric guitar, and the development of a specifically rock and roll style of playing through such exponents as Chuck Berry, Link Wray, and Scotty Moore. The use of distortion, pioneered by electric blues guitarists",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20698881",
"chunk_text": "\"Ya Ya\"\nYa Ya \"\"Ya Ya\"\" is a song by Lee Dorsey. The song was written by Dorsey, Clarence Lewis, Morgan Robinson, and Morris Levy. Levy's participation in the writing has been previously called into question. In fact, the Flashback release of the single (image) lists only Dorsey and Lewis as writers, as do the liner notes to the \"\"American Graffiti\"\" soundtrack. The track includes session guitar player Jimmy Spruill on it. The song was inspired by a children's nursery rhyme. The song reached number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the R&B singles chart in 1961. According",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8036916",
"chunk_text": "\"Neck and Neck\"\nNeck and Neck Neck and Neck is a collaborative album by American guitarist Chet Atkins and British singer-songwriter and guitarist Mark Knopfler, released on October 9, 1990 by Columbia Records. \"\"Poor Boy Blues\"\" was released as a single. At the 33rd Annual Grammy Awards in 1991, the track \"\"Poor Boy Blues\"\" won Best Country Vocal Collaboration, while the track \"\"So Soft Your Goodbye\"\" won Best Country Instrumental Performance. Atkins originally recorded \"\"Yakety Axe\"\", a parody of Boots' Randolph's \"\"Yakety Sax\"\", on his 1965 album \"\"More of That Guitar Country\"\". This new recording features lyrics and a new arrangement that were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14337445",
"chunk_text": "\"Michael Algar\"\nguitarist on a number of artists recordings including the tracks \"\"Can't Drink You Pretty\"\" from the \"\"Yoni\"\" by Ginger from Wildhearts, \"\"Aint Just Talkin bout Love\"\" from The \"\"G7\"\" album by German band Gigantor, \"\"Keepin on Keepin on\"\" from the album \"\"Uppers and Downers\"\" by The Yo-Yos, Japanese band Seventh Tarz Armstrong's album entitled \"\"The Tokyo City Big Nights\"\", the track \"\"Walk of Shame\"\" from the album \"\"Poets on Payday\"\" by Norfolk Punk band Vanilla Pod, Japan based punk band Duncans Divas' album \"\"Up and at 'em\"\", and on Peter and the Test Tube Babies album \"\"A Foot Full of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_973
|
who explored waters of cuba the bahamas and hispaniola?
|
n/a
|
[
"Christopher Columbus"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1584776",
"chunk_text": "\"Andros, Bahamas\"\nhave been approximately 40,000 Lucayan-Taínos when the Spanish arrived in the region. Spain claimed the Bahamas after Columbus' discovery of the islands—his first landfall in the Western Hemisphere was on the Bahamian island of San Salvador. The Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci, for whom the Americas are named, came on a Spanish charter and spent four months exploring the Bahamas in 1499–1500. He mapped a portion of the eastern shore of Andros Island. Ponce de Leon sailed by Andros on his journey from Cuba to Florida in search of the Fountain of Youth in 1513. The Spanish valued the Lucayans for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1348447",
"chunk_text": "Cuba\npeople), the Guanahatabey and the Ciboney people. The ancestors of the Ciboney migrated from the mainland of South America, with the earliest sites dated to 5,000 BP. The Taíno arrived from Hispanola sometime in the 3rd century A.D. When Columbus arrived they were the dominant culture in Cuba, having an estimated population of 150,000. The Taíno were farmers, while the Ciboney were farmers as well as fishers and hunter-gatherers. After first landing on an island then called Guanahani, Bahamas, on 12 October 1492, Christopher Columbus commanded his three ships: \"\"La Pinta,\"\" \"\"La Niña\"\" and the \"\"Santa María,\"\" to land on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10450633",
"chunk_text": "\"Sebastián de Ocampo\"\nas was speculated. Ocampo returned to Hispaniola with news of the body of water that lay beyond. Before that, and after Christopher Columbus's discovery of the Antilles, several maps portrayed what latter-day interpreters have assumed to be the Gulf of Mexico, thereby disputing the actual discovery date. He died at an old age in a year no one is sure of. Sebastián de Ocampo Sebastián de Ocampo was a Spanish navigator and explorer. He is believed to have been the first navigator to have circumnavigated the island of Cuba in 1508. Under the authority of the Governor of Hispaniola, Ocampo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6862149",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Bahamas\"\nOctober 1492 Columbus reached an island in the Bahamas and claimed it for Spain, an event long regarded by Europeans as the 'discovery' of America. This island was called \"\"Guanahani\"\" by the Lucayan, and San Salvador by the Spanish. The identity of the first American landfall by Columbus remains controversial, but many authors accept Samuel E. Morison's identification of Columbus' San Salvador as what was later called Watling (or Watling's) Island. Its name has been officially changed to San Salvador. Columbus visited several other islands in the Bahamas before sailing to present-day Cuba and afterwards to Hispaniola. The Bahamas held",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12002582",
"chunk_text": "\"Age of Discovery\"\nwhat turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean, crossing a section of the Atlantic that became known as the Sargasso Sea. Land was sighted on 12 October 1492, and Columbus called the island (now The Bahamas) \"\"San Salvador\"\", in what he thought to be the \"\"West Indies\"\". Columbus also explored the northeast coast of Cuba (landed on 28 October) and the northern coast of Hispaniola, by 5 December. He was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. On the return, a storm forced him to dock in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10450632",
"chunk_text": "\"Sebastián de Ocampo\"\nSebastián de Ocampo Sebastián de Ocampo was a Spanish navigator and explorer. He is believed to have been the first navigator to have circumnavigated the island of Cuba in 1508. Under the authority of the Governor of Hispaniola, Ocampo sailed along the northern coast of the island through the Old Bahama Channel and around the western point, Cape San Antonio. The voyage took eight months, and was against the Gulf Stream. Europeans had already frequented Cuba by the time Ocampo embarked on his journey, but his circumnavigation confirmed that the area was indeed surrounded by water, and not a peninsula",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20684539",
"chunk_text": "\"Exploration of North America\"\nQueen Isabella I of Castille. Columbus's Letter on the First Voyage of his discovery of the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola spread the news across Europe quickly. Columbus rediscovered and explored much of the Lesser Antilles in his second voyage then discovered both Trinidad and Tobago on his third voyage whilst skirting the northern South American coast. His fourth voyage was spent scanning the Central American coast. The Voyages of Christopher Columbus opened the New World. Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6862147",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Bahamas\"\nWilliam Keegan argues that the most likely route was from Hispaniola or Cuba to Great Inagua. Granberry and Vescelius argue for two migrations, from Hispaniola to the Turks and Caicos Islands, and from Cuba to Great Inagua. From the initial colonization(s), the Lucayan expanded throughout the Bahamas in some 800 years (c. 700 – c. 1500), growing to a population of about 40,000. Population density at the time of first European contact was highest in the south-central area of the Bahamas, declining towards the north, reflecting the migration pattern and progressively shorter time of occupation of the northern islands. Known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14856975",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Catholic Church in Cuba\"\nHistory of the Catholic Church in Cuba Christopher Columbus, on his first Spanish-sponsored voyage to the Americas in 1492, sailed south from what is now the Bahamas to explore the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola. Columbus, who was searching for a route to India, believed the island to be a peninsula of the Asian mainland. The first sighting of a Spanish ship approaching the island was on 28 October 1492, probably at Bariay, Holguín Province, on the eastern point of the island. During a second voyage in 1494, Columbus passed along the south coast of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13242401",
"chunk_text": "\"The Bahamas\"\nin 1986 by \"\"National Geographic\"\" writer and editor Joseph Judge, based on Columbus's log. Evidence in support of this remains inconclusive. On the landfall island, Columbus made first contact with the Lucayan and exchanged goods with them. The Spanish forced much of the Lucayan population to Hispaniola for use as forced labour. The slaves suffered from harsh conditions and most died from contracting diseases to which they had no immunity; half of the Taino died from smallpox alone. The population of the Bahamas was severely diminished. In 1648, the Eleutherian Adventurers, led by William Sayle, migrated from Bermuda. These English",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12308520",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Caribbean\"\nSouth America. These colonies brought in gold, and other European powers, most specifically England, the Netherlands, and France, hoped to establish profitable colonies of their own. Imperial rivalries made the Caribbean a contested area during European wars for centuries. In the Spanish American wars of independence in the early nineteenth century, most of Spanish America broke away from the Spanish Empire, but Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under the Spanish crown until the Spanish–American War of 1898. During the first voyage of the explorer Christopher Columbus contact was made with the Lucayans in the Bahamas and the Taíno in Cuba",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2475156",
"chunk_text": "\"The Bahamas\"\nsouthern Bahamas from Hispaniola and Cuba around the 11th century, having migrated there from South America. They came to be known as the Lucayan people. An estimated 30,000 Lucayan inhabited the Bahamas at the time of Christopher Columbus's arrival in 1492. Columbus's first landfall in the New World was on an island he named San Salvador (known to the Lucayan as \"\"Guanahani\"\"). Some researchers believe this site to be present-day San Salvador Island (formerly known as Watling's Island), situated in the southeastern Bahamas. An alternative theory holds that Columbus landed to the southeast on Samana Cay, according to calculations made",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14847553",
"chunk_text": "\"Spanish diaspora\"\nisland. Christopher Columbus, on his first voyage to the Americas, sailed south from what is now the Bahamas to explore the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola. Columbus discovered the island believing it to be a peninsula of the Asian mainland. In 1511, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar set out with three ships and an army of 300 men from Santo Domingo to form the first Spanish settlement in Cuba, with orders from Spain to conquer the island. Most heritage comes from Canarians, Asturians, Galicians and Castilians. The native white population are nearly all descendants of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1838157",
"chunk_text": "\"Spanish immigration to Cuba\"\nSpanish immigration to Cuba Spanish immigration to Cuba began in 1492, when Christopher Columbus first landed on the island, and continues to the present day. The first sighting of a Spanish boat approaching the island was on 27 or 28 October 1492, probably at Bariay on the eastern point of the island. Columbus, on his first voyage to the Americas, sailed south from what is now The Bahamas to explore the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola. Columbus discovered the island believing it to be a peninsula of the Asian mainland. In 1511, Diego Velázquez de",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14669259",
"chunk_text": "\"History of Cuba\"\nlas Casas estimated that the Taíno population of Cuba had reached 350,000 by the end of the 15th century. The Taíno cultivated the yuca root, harvested it and baked it to produce cassava bread. They also grew cotton and tobacco, and ate maize and sweet potatoes. According to History of the Indians, they had \"\"everything they needed for living; they had many crops, well arranged\"\". Christopher Columbus, on his first Spanish-sponsored voyage to the Americas in 1492, sailed south from what is now the Bahamas to explore the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola. Columbus, who",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13672645",
"chunk_text": "\"Hernando de Soto\"\nHernando de Soto Hernando de Soto (; ; 1500 – May 21, 1542) was a Spanish explorer and \"\"conquistador\"\" who was involved in expeditions in Nicaragua and the Yucatan Peninsula, and played an important role in Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru, but is best known for leading the first Spanish and European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States (through Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and most likely Arkansas). He is the first European documented as having crossed the Mississippi River. De Soto's North American expedition was a vast undertaking. It ranged throughout the southeastern",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11241985",
"chunk_text": "\"Settler colonialism\"\npopulation ultimately made the Norse abandon those settlements. Extensive European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by Genoese Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in the Americas. European conquest, large-scale exploration, colonization and industrial development soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492–93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Cuba. In 1497, sailing from Bristol on behalf of England, John Cabot landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "491940",
"chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nthe 7th century; the site became the first permanent European settlement in the Americas. Western European conquest, large-scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492–93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. In 1497, Italian explorer John Cabot, on behalf of England, landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14856980",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Catholic Church in Cuba\"\nmembers of the Communist Party. The subsequent flight of 300,000 people from the island also helped to diminish the Church there. In 1992, Cuba declared itself a secular state and permitted Catholics and others to join the Communist Party. However, religious schools have remained closed since the early 1960s. History of the Catholic Church in Cuba Christopher Columbus, on his first Spanish-sponsored voyage to the Americas in 1492, sailed south from what is now the Bahamas to explore the northeast coast of Cuba and the northern coast of Hispaniola. Columbus, who was searching for a route to India, believed the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15296561",
"chunk_text": "\"Lucayan people\"\nFlorida as simply \"\"an extension of slave hunting beyond the empty islands.\"\" When the Spanish decided to evacuate the remaining Lucayans to Hispaniola in 1520, they could find only eleven in all of the Bahamas. Thereafter the Bahamas remained uninhabited for 130 years. Lucayan people The Lucayan () people were the original inhabitants of the Bahamas before the arrival of European colonizers. They were a branch of the Taínos who inhabited most of the Caribbean islands at the time. The Lucayans were the first inhabitants of the Americas encountered by Christopher Columbus. The Spanish started seizing Lucayans as slaves within",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6862148",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Bahamas\"\nLucayan settlement sites are confined to the nineteen largest islands in the archipelago, or to smaller cays located less than one km. from those islands. Population density in the southern-most Bahamas remained lower, probably due to the drier climate there (less than 800 mm of rain a year on Great Inagua Island and the Turks and Caicos Islands and only slightly higher on Acklins and Crooked Islands and Mayaguana). In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain on his first voyage with three ships, the \"\"Niña,\"\" the \"\"Pinta,\"\" and the flagship, \"\"Santa Maria,\"\" seeking a direct route to Asia. On 12",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15296546",
"chunk_text": "\"Lucayan people\"\nand/or Hispaniola, while sites on other islands in the Bahamas contain more shell-tempered pottery (\"\"Palmetto Ware\"\"), which developed in the Bahamas. While trade (in dugout canoes) between Cuba and Long Island was reported by Columbus, this involved a voyage of at least over open water, although much of that was on the very shallow waters of the Great Bahama Bank. Moreover, the Tainos probably did not reach central Cuba until after 1000, and there is no particular evidence that this was the route of the initial migration to the Bahamas. From an initial colonization of Great Inagua Island, the Lucayans",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20684542",
"chunk_text": "\"Exploration of North America\"\nthe discoverer of Brazil. Aragon King Ferdinand II sent Juan Ponce de León from the fledgling colony on Hispaniola to verify rumors of undiscovered land to the northwest. On April 2, 1513, Ponce de León disembarked on the northeast coast of what he named Florida for the crown. The exact location is disputed, but historians have offered the possibilities of St. Augustine, Ponce de León Inlet, and Melbourne Beach. He encountered the powerful Gulf Stream and found a passage through the Florida Keys to land on the southwestern Gulf Coast of Florida on the Gulf of Mexico. Again, the exact",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8666710",
"chunk_text": "\"Age of Discovery\"\nthem backwards: this was the first encounter with the Gulf Stream that would soon become the primary route for eastbound ships leaving the Spanish Indies bound for Europe. They explored down the coast reaching Biscayne Bay, Dry Tortugas and then sailing southwest in an attempt to circle Cuba to return, reaching Grand Bahama on July. In 1517 Cuba's governor Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar commissioned a fleet under the command of Hernández de Córdoba to explore the Yucatán peninsula. They reached the coast where Mayans invited them to land, but were attacked at night and only a remnant of the crew",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2774477",
"chunk_text": "\"Vasco Núñez de Balboa\"\nVasco Núñez de Balboa Vasco Núñez de Balboa (; c. 1475around January 12–21, 1519) was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World. He traveled to the New World in 1500 and, after some exploration, settled on the island of Hispaniola. He founded the settlement of Santa María la Antigua del Darién in present-day Panama in 1510, which was the first permanent European settlement on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7398760",
"chunk_text": "\"Spanish Florida\"\nview is disputed by at least an equal number of historians. In 1512 Juan Ponce de León, governor of Puerto Rico, received royal permission to search for land north of Cuba. On March 3, 1513, his expedition departed from Punta Aguada, Puerto Rico, sailing north in three ships. In late March, he spotted a small island (almost certainly one of the Bahamas) but did not land. On April 2, Ponce de León spotted the east coast of the Florida peninsula and went ashore the next day at an exact location that has been lost to time. Assuming that he had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13672649",
"chunk_text": "\"Hernando de Soto\"\nduring the conquest of Central America. He gained fame as an excellent horseman, fighter, and tactician. During that time, de Soto was influenced by the achievements of Spanish explorers: Juan Ponce de León, the first European to reach Florida; Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean coast of the Americas (he called it the \"\"South Sea\"\" on the south coast of Panama); and Ferdinand Magellan, who first sailed that ocean to East Asia. In 1530, de Soto became a \"\"regidor\"\" of León, Nicaragua. He led an expedition up the coast of the Yucatán Peninsula searching",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2907661",
"chunk_text": "\"Santo Domingo\"\nof Saint Dominic. Santo Domingo came to be known as the \"\"Gateway to the Caribbean\"\" and the chief town in Hispaniola from then on. Expeditions which led to Ponce de León's colonization of Puerto Rico, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar's colonization of Cuba, Hernando Cortes' conquest of Mexico, and Vasco Núñez de Balboa's sighting of the Pacific Ocean were all launched from Santo Domingo. In June 1502, Santo Domingo was destroyed by a major hurricane, and the new Governor Nicolás de Ovando had it rebuilt on a different site on the other side of the Ozama River. The original layout of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "665279",
"chunk_text": "Guanahani\nportion of the map shows Cuba and Hispaniola clearly, and a much more confused rendering of the Bahamas. Nevertheless, Guanahani is drawn in the Bahamas in a form that appears to show a group of islets rather than a single island, lying due north of the Windward Passage between Cuba and Haiti, in the central part of the Bahamas islands chain. The so-called log of Columbus, more properly referred to as the \"\"Diario\"\", is an abstraction made by Bartolomé de las Casas, a Spanish monk and friend of the Columbus family, probably sometime in the 1540s. When Columbus returned to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9319684",
"chunk_text": "\"Lucayan people\"\nand the Spanish began capturing Lucayans in the Bahamas for use as laborers in Hispaniola. At first the Lucayans sold for no more than four gold pesos in Hispaniola, but when it was realized that the Lucayans were practiced at diving for conches, the price rose to 100 to 150 gold pesos and the Lucayans were sent to the Isle of Cubagua as pearl divers. Within two years the southern Bahamas were largely depopulated. The Spanish may have carried away as many as 40,000 Lucayans by 1513. Carl O. Sauer described Ponce de León's 1513 expedition in which he \"\"discovered\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5372178",
"chunk_text": "\"The Bahamas\"\nwith the Turks and Caicos Islands. The Royal Bahamas Defence Force describes the Bahamas territory as encompassing of ocean space. The Bahamas is the site of Columbus's first landfall in the New World in 1492. At that time, the islands were inhabited by the Lucayan, a branch of the Arawakan-speaking Taino people. Although the Spanish never colonised The Bahamas, they shipped the native Lucayans to slavery in Hispaniola. The islands were mostly deserted from 1513 until 1648, when English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera. The Bahamas became a British crown colony in 1718, when the British",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19060686",
"chunk_text": "\"Gulf of Mexico\"\nof Florida between Florida and Cuba. In his letters, Vespucci described this trip, and once Juan de la Cosa returned to Spain, a famous world map, depicting Cuba as an island, was produced. In 1506, Hernán Cortés took part in the conquest of Hispaniola and Cuba, receiving a large estate of land and Indian slaves for his effort. In 1510, he accompanied Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, an aide of the governor of Hispaniola, in his expedition to conquer Cuba. In 1518 Velázquez put him in command of an expedition to explore and secure the interior of Mexico for colonization. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2108450",
"chunk_text": "\"Ferdinand Magellan\"\nFerdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan ( or ; , ; , ; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. Born into a Portuguese noble family in around 1480, Magellan became a skilled sailor and naval officer and was eventually selected by King Charles I of Spain to search for a westward route to the Maluku Islands (the \"\"Spice Islands\"\"). Commanding a fleet of five vessels, he headed south through the Atlantic Ocean",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9911388",
"chunk_text": "\"Abaco Islands\"\nknown permanent settlements in the Bahamas for approximately 130 years.[3] Spain laid claim to the Bahamas after Columbus's discovery of the islands but showed little interest in them. The Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci spent four months exploring the Bahamas in 1499–1500. Juan de la Cosa's first map of the New World, printed in 1500, shows the Abaco Islands with the name Habacoa. The map in Peter Martyr's first edition of 'De Orbe Novo' in 1511 shows the islands of the Bahamas but does not name them. The Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León landed on Abaco in 1513. The Turin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10198632",
"chunk_text": "\"Hernando de Soto\"\nCharles to lead the government of Guatemala, with \"\"permission to create discovery in the South Sea.\"\" He was granted the governorship of Cuba instead. De Soto was expected to colonize the North American continent for Spain within four years, for which his family would be given a sizable piece of land. Fascinated by the stories of Cabeza de Vaca, who had survived years in North America after becoming a castaway and had just returned to Spain, de Soto selected 620 Spanish and Portuguese volunteers, including some of mixed-race African descent known as Atlantic Creoles, to accompany him to govern Cuba",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16754167",
"chunk_text": "\"Francisco de Chicora\"\npart of what is now the United States, where they explored areas around the Santee River in present-day South Carolina and Winyah Bay and other areas. Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, \"\"oidor\"\" (judge) of the royal \"\"Audencia\"\" of Santa Domingo, commissioned Francisco Gordillo to make an expedition to the continent in 1520. Gordillo sailed north from Hispaniola through the Bahamas, where near the island of Lucayoneque he fell in with a caravel commanded by the slave raider Pedro de Quexos (Pedro de Quejo), who was trying to capture Arawak to sell as slaves, without success. Quexos happened to be a relative",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18503620",
"chunk_text": "\"Brent Brisben\"\nBrent Brisben Brent W. Brisben (born March 20, ?) is an American treasure hunter best known for salvaging the shipwrecks of the historic 1715 Treasure Fleet, a Spanish treasure fleet returning from the New World to Spain. During the early morning hours of July 31, 1715, seven days after departing from Havana, Cuba, eleven of the twelve ships of this fleet were lost in a hurricane near present-day Vero Beach, Florida. Because the fleet was carrying silver, it is also known as the 1715 Plate Fleet (plata being the Spanish word for silver plate). Some artifacts and even coins still",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3236612",
"chunk_text": "\"Colony of Santiago\"\nsuch as \"\"barbacoa\"\" (\"\"barbecue\"\"), \"\"hamaca\"\" (\"\"hammock\"\"), \"\"kanoa\"\" (\"\"canoe\"\"), \"\"tabaco\"\" (\"\"tobacco\"\"), \"\"yuca\"\", \"\"batata\"\" (\"\"sweet potato\"\"), and \"\"juracán\"\" (\"\"hurricane\"\"), have been incorporated into Spanish and English. Christopher Columbus set sail on his second voyage to the Americas on September 24, 1493. On November 3, 1493, he landed on an island that he named Dominica. On November 22, he landed on Hispaniola and spent some time exploring the interior of the island for gold. He left Hispaniola on April 24, 1494, and arrived at the island of Juana (Cuba) on April 30 and Jamaica on May 5. He explored the south coast of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17809778",
"chunk_text": "\"Spanish conquest of Honduras\"\nthere, various expeditions were launched northwards involving notable conquistadors such as Pedrarias Dávila, Gil González Dávila, and Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (not to be confused with the conquistador of the same name involved in the Spanish conquest of Yucatán). In 1508, the Caribbean coast of Honduras was superficially explored by Spanish navigators Juan Díaz de Solís and Vicente Yáñez, but the focus of their expeditions lay further to the north. In the 1510s, expeditions from the Spanish settlements on Cuba and Hispaniola reported that the Bay Islands were inhabited. The first efforts to conquer Honduras were launched from several different",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6862145",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Bahamas\"\nHistory of the Bahamas The earliest arrival of humans in the islands now known as The Bahamas was in the first millennium AD. The first inhabitants of the islands were the Lucayans, an Arawakan-speaking Taino people, who arrived between about 500 and 800 AD from other islands of the Caribbean. Their ancestors came from mainland South America, where Arawakan-language peoples were present in most territories, and especially along the northeastern coast. Recorded history began on 12 October 1492, when Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Guanahani, which he renamed San Salvador Island on his first voyage to the New",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7865801",
"chunk_text": "\"Cayo Largo del Sur\"\nCayo Largo del Sur Cayo Largo del Sur, or simply Cayo Largo (\"\"Long Cay\"\"), is a small resort island in Cuba, off the south coast of the northwestern part of the main island in the Caribbean Sea. The cay is about long and wide and is the second largest island in the Canarreos Archipelago. Cayo Largo is part of the special municipality of Isla de la Juventud. Christopher Columbus is said to have visited the island on his second expedition in 1494, and Sir Francis Drake may have also stopped on the island during his circumnavigation of the globe. Pirates",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8960340",
"chunk_text": "\"West Indies\"\nWest Indies The West Indies is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean that includes the island countries and surrounding waters of three major archipelagos: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago. The region is known as the area running from Florida westward along the Gulf Coast, and then south along the Mexican coast through Central America and then eastward across the northern coast of South America. Indigenous peoples were the first inhabitants of the West Indies. In 1492, Christopher Columbus became the first European to arrive at the islands, where he is believed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16105202",
"chunk_text": "\"Christopher Winter\"\nChristopher Winter Christopher Winter (fl. 1716–1723) was an English pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for sailing in Spanish service and launching the career of Edward England. Winter was active in the Nassau, Bahamas area in 1716. The following year King George offered a pardon to all pirates who surrendered within a year. Winter kept active, capturing a merchant ship near Jamaica and forcing one of its crewmen, Edward England, into piracy. England embraced piracy and Winter returned with him to New Providence. Finally electing not to accept the pardon, Winter sailed with Nicholas Brown to Cuba",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15558125",
"chunk_text": "\"Caribbean Sea\"\ncentury. After Christopher Columbus landed in the Bahamas in 1492, the Spanish term \"\"Antillas\"\" applied to the lands; stemming from this, \"\"Sea of the Antilles\"\" became a common alternative name for \"\"Caribbean Sea\"\" in various European languages. During the first century of development, Spanish dominance in the region remained undisputed. From the 16th century, Europeans visiting the Caribbean region identified the \"\"South Sea\"\" (the Pacific Ocean, to the south of the isthmus of Panama) as opposed to the \"\"North Sea\"\" (the Caribbean Sea, to the north of the same isthmus). The Caribbean Sea had been unknown to the populations of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6523496",
"chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nLavrador, Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real and João Álvares Fagundes, in Newfoundland, Greenland, Labrador, and Nova Scotia (from 1498 to 1502, and in 1520); Jacques Cartier (1491–1557), Henry Hudson (1560s–1611), and Samuel de Champlain (1567–1635), who explored the region of Canada he reestablished as New France. In 1513, Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama and led the first European expedition to see the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of the New World. In an action with enduring historical import, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean and all the lands adjoining it for the Spanish Crown. It was 1517",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6739031",
"chunk_text": "\"Ángel de Villafañe\"\na century later. A record of Villafañe's death has not been found. Ángel de Villafañe Ángel de Villafañe (b. c. 1504) was a Spanish conquistador of Florida, Mexico, and Guatemala, and was an explorer, expedition leader, and ship captain (with Hernán Cortés), who worked with many 16th-century settlements and shipwrecks along the Gulf of Mexico. Ángel de Villafañe was born about 1504, as the son of Juan de Villafañe and Catalina de Valdés, both natives of León, Castile (Spain), who had served Ferdinand and Isabella. In 1513, at age nine, young Angel accompanied his father in the fleet of Pedrarias",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12686956",
"chunk_text": "\"Lucayan people\"\nhe was trespassing on Columbus's discoveries (which at the time remained under Columbus's monopoly). There may have been other unrecorded Spanish incursions into the Bahamas, shipwrecks and slaving expeditions. Maps published between 1500 and 1508 appear to show details of the Bahamas, Cuba and the North American mainland that were not officially reported until later. European artifacts of the period have been found on San Salvador, the Caicos Islands, Long Island, Little Exuma, Acklins Island, Conception Island and Samaná Cay. Such finds, however, do not prove that Spaniards visited those islands, as trade among Lucayans could have distributed the artifacts.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16884437",
"chunk_text": "Exploration\nothers, who discovered and mapped the Mascarene Islands and other archipelagos. António de Abreu (c.1480–c.1514) and Francisco Serrão (14?–1521) led the first direct European fleet into the Pacific Ocean (on its western edges), through the Sunda Islands, reaching the Moluccas. Andres de Urdaneta (1498–1568) discovered the maritime route from Asia to the Americas. In the Pacific Ocean, Jorge de Menezes (c. 1498–?), discovered Papua New Guinea. García Jofre de Loaísa (1490–1526), discovered the Marshall Islands. Explorations of the Americas began with the initial discovery of America by Christopher Columbus (1451–1506), who led a Castilian (Spanish) expedition across the Atlantic, discovering",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "547920",
"chunk_text": "\"Cienfuegos Bay\"\nCienfuegos Bay Cienfuegos Bay () is a bay in the Caribbean Sea located in Cienfuegos Province on the southern coast of Cuba. It has served as a refuge for boats for many years. It has two of the most important ports in the country, one of which is the city of Cienfuegos, the capital of the province. On his second voyage to the Americas, Christopher Columbus visited the bay in 1494. The first permanent settlements occurred in 1738. The Jagua Fortress was erected by King Philip V of Spain in 1742 to protect the bay from pirates who prowled the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10736137",
"chunk_text": "\"Gulf of Fonseca\"\nGulf of Fonseca The Gulf of Fonseca (; ), part of the Pacific Ocean, is a gulf on Central America, bordering El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Fonseca Bay was discovered for Europeans in 1522 by Gil González de Ávila, and named by him after his patron, Archbishop Juan Fonseca, the implacable enemy of Columbus. In 1849, E. G. Squier negotiated a treaty for the United States to build a canal across Honduras from the Caribbean Sea to the Gulf. Frederick Chatfield, the British commander in Central America, was afraid the American presence in Honduras would destabilize the British Mosquito Coast,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_974
|
who played mrs. trumbull on i love lucy?
|
n/a
|
[
"Mary Elizabeth Patterson"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15439894",
"chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Patterson (actress)\"\nElizabeth Patterson (actress) Mary Elizabeth Patterson (November 22, 1874 – January 31, 1966) was an American theatre, film, and television character actress who gained popular recognition late in her career playing the elderly neighbor Matilda Trumbull on the television comedy series \"\"I Love Lucy\"\". Born in 1874 in Savannah, Tennessee, Mary Elizabeth Patterson was the child of Mildred (\"\"née\"\" McDougal) and Edmund D. Patterson, a Confederate army veteran. Federal census records document that her father by 1880 was a lawyer and residing with his wife and children in the home of his father-in-law, Garrick Archibald McDougal, a widower, who was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Lucille Ball\"\nLucille Ball Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an American actress, comedian, model, entertainment studio executive, and producer. She was the star of the self-produced sitcoms \"\"I Love Lucy\"\", \"\"The Lucy Show\"\", \"\"Here's Lucy\"\", and \"\"Life with Lucy\"\", as well as comedy television specials aired under the title \"\"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\"\". Ball's career began in 1929 when she landed work as a model. Shortly thereafter, she began her performing career on Broadway using the stage names Diane Belmont and Dianne Belmont. She later appeared in several minor film roles in the 1930s and 1940s",
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"chunk_id": "13913961",
"chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Patterson (actress)\"\n\"\"I Love Lucy\"\" in the episode \"\"The Marriage License\"\". In that installment, Patterson's character, Mrs. Willoughby, is the wife of the Greenwich, Connecticut, justice of the peace (played by character actor Irving Bacon) who remarries Lucy and Ricky Ricardo. In that role, she most notably sings an off-key version of \"\"I Love You Truly\"\" during the wedding ceremony. The following year she was cast in a featured guest role as Mrs. Matilda Trumbull in the episode \"\"No Children Allowed\"\". Patterson's character of Mrs. Trumbull was initially an ornery curmudgeon who resided in the same New York apartment building as the",
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"chunk_text": "\"The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel\"\na suite at the hotel. Actress Elizabeth Patterson, widely recognized for her role as Mrs. Trumbull on the classic comedy series \"\"I Love Lucy\"\", lived in the hotel during her 35-year film and television career. Other notable hotel guests include Charlie Chaplin, Clark Gable, Max Baer Sr., Carole Lombard, Mary Martin, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Prince, Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie. Talk show host Jimmy Kimmel often uses the hotel as a prize for a game called \"\"Hostel La Vista\"\" that pits two tourists that are visiting Los Angeles staying in a nearby youth hostel against each other. In",
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"chunk_id": "5441650",
"chunk_text": "\"Kathryn Card\"\nwas in the 1964 MGM musical \"\"The Unsinkable Molly Brown\"\". Card had a daughter, Ada Card. On March 1, 1964, Card died as a result of a fatal heart attack at the age of 71 at her home in Costa Mesa, California. She is interred in Harbor Lawn-Mount Olive Memorial Park in Costa Mesa. Kathryn Card Kathryn Card (October 4, 1892 – March 1, 1964) was an American radio, television and film actress who may be best remembered for her role as Mrs. MacGillicuddy, Lucy's mother on \"\"I Love Lucy\"\". Born in Butte, Montana, Card did radio roles in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "904622",
"chunk_text": "\"Kathryn Card\"\nKathryn Card Kathryn Card (October 4, 1892 – March 1, 1964) was an American radio, television and film actress who may be best remembered for her role as Mrs. MacGillicuddy, Lucy's mother on \"\"I Love Lucy\"\". Born in Butte, Montana, Card did radio roles in the late 1930s, notably \"\"Uncle Walter's Doghouse\"\", broadcast on NBC from 1939 to 1942. She played Grandma Barton in \"\"The Bartons\"\" from December 25, 1939, to September 11, 1942, and played three roles (Carrie, Sue, and Bess) on \"\"Just Neighbors\"\" May 30-September 23, 1938. In 1943, she was a cast member of \"\"Helpmate\"\", a daytime",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 5
},
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"chunk_id": "20442441",
"chunk_text": "\"Lee Meriwether\"\nLee Meriwether Lee Ann Meriwether (born May 27, 1935) is an American actress, former model, and the winner of the 1955 Miss America pageant. She is known for her role as Betty Jones, Buddy Ebsen's secretary and daughter-in-law in the long-running 1970s crime drama \"\"Barnaby Jones\"\". The role earned her two Golden Globe Award nominations in 1975 and 1976, and an Emmy Award nomination in 1977. She is also known for her role as Herman Munster's long-haired wife, Lily Munster, on the 1980s sitcom \"\"The Munsters Today\"\", as well as for her portrayal of Catwoman, replacing Julie Newmar in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
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"chunk_id": "20994277",
"chunk_text": "\"Lucille Ball\"\nwritten by Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was recorded in front of a live audience for nationwide public radio broadcast and online distribution. Lucille Ball Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an American actress, comedian, model, entertainment studio executive, and producer. She was the star of the self-produced sitcoms \"\"I Love Lucy\"\", \"\"The Lucy Show\"\", \"\"Here's Lucy\"\", and \"\"Life with Lucy\"\", as well as comedy television specials aired under the title \"\"The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour\"\". Ball's career began in 1929 when she landed work as a model. Shortly thereafter, she began her performing career on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 7
},
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"chunk_id": "2510653",
"chunk_text": "\"Doris Singleton\"\nDoris Singleton Doris Singleton (born Dorthea Singleton; September 28, 1919 – June 26, 2012) was an American actress, perhaps best remembered as Lucy Ricardo's nemesis/frenemy, Carolyn Appleby, in \"\"I Love Lucy\"\". Singleton, born in New York City, trained as a ballerina, dancing for three seasons in the mid-1930s with the newly formed \"\"Ballet Theatre\"\", later to become the American Ballet Theatre. She began her career in show business as a vocalist in the late 1930s with Art Jarrett's orchestra. Her distinctive low, lyrical voice made her a favorite in the radio industry. Singleton worked in New York during World War",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
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"chunk_id": "4514435",
"chunk_text": "\"Elvia Allman\"\nElvia Allman Elvia Allman (September 19, 1904 – March 6, 1992) was a character actress and voiceover performer in Hollywood films and television programs for over 50 years. She is best remembered for her semi-regular roles on \"\"The Beverly Hillbillies\"\" and \"\"Petticoat Junction\"\" and for being the voice of Walt Disney's Clarabelle Cow. Her mark in TV history is also ensured by her memorable performance as the stern, no-nonsense boss in the classic \"\"I Love Lucy\"\" candy factory episode \"\"Job Switching\"\" with a repeat appearance as Nancy Graham the reporter in the 1955 episode \"\"The Homecoming\"\". Allman was born September",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "692659",
"chunk_text": "\"Here's Lucy\"\nguest stars, many of whom were Ball's real-life friends, often playing themselves, including Ann-Margret, Milton Berle, Carol Burnett, George Burns, Johnny Carson, Liberace, Petula Clark, Eva Gabor, Helen Hayes, Dean Martin, Eve McVeagh, Vincent Price, Tony Randall, Buddy Rich, Joan Rivers, Ginger Rogers, Dinah Shore, Danny Thomas, Lawrence Welk, Flip Wilson, Shelley Winters, Donny Osmond and Patty Andrews. Ball appeared as herself in an episode in which Lucy Carter enters a Lucille Ball look-alike contest. This episode, designed to cross-promote Ball's then current film \"\"Mame\"\", enabled Ball to appear on screen with herself. Mary Treen was cast as Mary Winters",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
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"chunk_id": "9183220",
"chunk_text": "\"Vivian Vance\"\nVivian Vance Vivian Vance (born Vivian Roberta Jones; July 26, 1909 – August 17, 1979) was an American television and theater actress and singer. Vance is best known for her role as Ethel Mertz, sidekick to Lucille Ball on the American television sitcom \"\"I Love Lucy\"\", and as Vivian Bagley on \"\"The Lucy Show\"\". Vance was born Vivian Roberta Jones around July 26, 1909, in Cherryvale, Kansas, the second of Robert Andrew, Sr. and Euphemia Mae (Ragan) Jones' six children. When she was six years old, her family moved to Independence, Kansas, where she eventually began her dramatic studies at",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
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"chunk_id": "13867522",
"chunk_text": "\"Doris Singleton\"\n(1985), though she appeared in advertising and voice overs for many subsequent years, most notably in recurring ads for Hills Brothers' Coffee. Singleton married Charles Isaacs in 1941, and they remained married until he died on December 13, 2002. Singleton resided in the Greater Los Angeles area. She died in Los Angeles in 2012, aged 92, from complications of cancer. She had no children and left no immediate survivors. Doris Singleton Doris Singleton (born Dorthea Singleton; September 28, 1919 – June 26, 2012) was an American actress, perhaps best remembered as Lucy Ricardo's nemesis/frenemy, Carolyn Appleby, in \"\"I Love Lucy\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13915755",
"chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Patterson (actress)\"\nStacatto\"\", \"\"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\"\", \"\"Playhouse 90\"\", \"\"The Barbara Stanwyck Show\"\", and \"\"The New Breed\"\". Patterson, who never married, lived at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel during her 35-year film and television career.. On January 31, 1966, she died at age 91 in Los Angeles of complications from pneumonia. Her gravesite is in Savannah Cemetery in her hometown in Tennessee. Elizabeth Patterson (actress) Mary Elizabeth Patterson (November 22, 1874 – January 31, 1966) was an American theatre, film, and television character actress who gained popular recognition late in her career playing the elderly neighbor Matilda Trumbull on the television comedy series \"\"I",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1119235",
"chunk_text": "\"Ilene Graff\"\nIlene Graff Ilene Susan Graff (born February 28, 1949) is an American actress and singer. The Queens, New York native began her professional career as a teenager when she performed as a background singer and commercial actress while attending Martin Van Buren High School in Queens Village. She graduated from Ithaca College in 1970. Graff's Broadway credits include \"\"Promises, Promises\"\", \"\"Grease\"\", and \"\"I Love My Wife\"\". Her television work includes \"\"Barnaby Jones\"\", \"\"Laverne & Shirley\"\", \"\"Mork & Mindy\"\", \"\"Three's Company\"\", \"\"Lewis & Clark\"\", and \"\"St. Elsewhere\"\". From 1985 until 1990, she played what is possibly her best known role, Marsha",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
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"chunk_id": "271342",
"chunk_text": "\"Carole Cook\"\nCarole Cook Carole Cook (born January 14, 1924) is an American actress of musical theatre, film, and television. She was born Mildred Frances Cook in 1924 in Abilene, Texas, one of four children born to Leland Preston (L.P.) Cook, Sr., and his wife, Maudine. She later became a protégé of actress and comedian Lucille Ball, who gave the ingenue her stage name of \"\"Carole\"\", for Ball's friend Carole Lombard. Ball reportedly told Cook, \"\"you have the same healthy disrespect for everything in general\"\". Cook appeared regularly on \"\"The Lucy Show\"\" and \"\"Here's Lucy\"\". Ball was matron of honor at Cook's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8354037",
"chunk_text": "\"Alice Ghostley\"\nAlice Ghostley Alice Margaret Ghostley (August 14, 1923 – September 21, 2007) was an American actress and singer. She was best known for her roles as the bungling insecure Esmeralda (1969–70; 1972) on \"\"Bewitched\"\", as Cousin Alice (1970–71) on \"\"Mayberry R.F.D.\"\", and as Bernice Clifton (1986–93) on \"\"Designing Women\"\", for which she received an Emmy nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 1992. She was a regular on \"\"Nichols\"\" (1971–72) and \"\"The Julie Andrews Hour\"\" (1972–73). Ghostley was born in Eve, Missouri, in 1923 to Edna Muriel (née Rooney) and Harry Francis Ghostley, who worked as a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9183243",
"chunk_text": "\"Vivian Vance\"\n12, 2018. The play, from Gregg Oppenheimer (son of I Love Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer), was recorded in front of a live audience for nationwide public radio broadcast and online distribution. Vivian Vance Vivian Vance (born Vivian Roberta Jones; July 26, 1909 – August 17, 1979) was an American television and theater actress and singer. Vance is best known for her role as Ethel Mertz, sidekick to Lucille Ball on the American television sitcom \"\"I Love Lucy\"\", and as Vivian Bagley on \"\"The Lucy Show\"\". Vance was born Vivian Roberta Jones around July 26, 1909, in Cherryvale, Kansas, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20334972",
"chunk_text": "\"Reva Rose\"\nReva Rose Reva Rose (born July 30, 1940 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actress of stage and screen, best known for her award-winning performance as Lucy van Pelt in the 1967 Off-Broadway production of Clark Gesner's \"\"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown\"\". As a stage performer, Rose starred alongside Gary Burghoff and Bob Balaban in \"\"You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown\"\"'s original 1967 Off-Broadway run. She won Theatre World and Clarence Derwent Awards for this role. Rose also appeared in the 1959 Broadway musical \"\"Look After Lulu\"\", coincidentally playing the role of Rose. In 2002, she played Tessie Greenglass",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14674362",
"chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Patterson (actress)\"\nRicardos. In that installment, she threatened to make trouble for the Ricardos since the building did not allow children. At the end of the episode, however, her character softens as she holds for the first time the Ricardos' baby, \"\"Little Ricky\"\"; and, as a result, Mrs. Trumbull becomes friends with both the Ricardos and the building's owners, Fred and Ethel Mertz. Patterson's character on \"\"I Love Lucy\"\" proved to be so popular among viewers, as well as useful to the writers of the series, that she continued in the role for three more years, often serving in episode storylines as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "10874509",
"chunk_text": "\"Betty Thomas\"\nBetty Thomas Betty Thomas (born Betty Lucille Nienhauser, July 27, 1947) is an American actress, director, and producer of television and motion pictures. She is known for her Emmy Award-winning role as Lucy Bates on the television series \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\". As of March 2018, Thomas is one of just two directors (and the only solo director) to have multiple films on the list of seventeen highest-US-grossing female-directed films. Additionally, all of her films are in the top twenty five highest-US-grossing female-directed films. Thomas was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1947 to Nancy (née Brown) and William H. Nienhauser,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
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"chunk_id": "3633882",
"chunk_text": "\"Carole Lombard\"\nher in films include Jill Clayburgh in \"\"Gable and Lombard\"\" (1976), Sharon Gless in \"\"\"\" (1980), Denise Crosby in \"\"Malice in Wonderland\"\" (1985), Anastasia Hille in \"\"RKO 281\"\" (1999) and Vanessa Gray in \"\"Lucy\"\" (2003). Lombard's Fort Wayne childhood home has been designated a historic landmark. The city named the nearby bridge over the St. Mary's River the Carole Lombard Memorial Bridge. Carole Lombard Carole Lombard (born Jane Alice Peters, October 6, 1908 – January 16, 1942) was an American film actress. She was particularly noted for her energetic, often off-beat roles in the screwball comedies of the 1930s. She",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16775511",
"chunk_text": "\"Rosanna Huffman\"\nRosanna Huffman Rosanna Huffman (August 12, 1938 – May 20, 2016) was an American actress and voiceover artist. Huffman's film credits as a voice actress included \"\"Oliver & Company\"\" in 1988, \"\"The Fabulous Baker Boys\"\" in 1989, \"\"\"\" in 1992, and \"\"Babe\"\" in 1995. She also appeared in recurring roles in \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\", and \"\"Murder One\"\". Huffman was the widow of Richard Levinson, the co-creator of \"\"Columbo\"\" and \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", who died of a heart attack in 1987. Huffman was born to Doras and Christine Huffman on August 12, 1938, in Timblane, Pennsylvania, a small",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19994239",
"chunk_text": "\"James Millhollin\"\non \"\"The Odd Couple.\"\" In 1971, he was cast as Mr. Ponsonby in \"\"Lucy and Candid Camera\"\" of CBS's \"\"Here's Lucy\"\", starring Lucille Ball, and as Lorillard Atwood in \"\"Kid Stuff\"\" of ABC's \"\"Nanny and the Professor\"\". In 1973, he was cast as principal Osgood Peters in the film \"\"The Student Teachers\"\". Millhollin retired to Mississippi, where he died of cancer on May 23, 1993, at the age of 77 in Biloxi. James Millhollin Arthur James Millhollin (August 23, 1915 – May 23, 1993) was an American character actor known for his portrayal of nervous, excited, and befuddled men with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "7412563",
"chunk_text": "\"Marjorie Rhodes\"\nMarjorie Rhodes Marjorie Rhodes (9 April 1897 – 4 July 1979) was a British actress. She was born Millicent Wise in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire. One of her best-known roles was as Lucy Fitton, the mother in Bill Naughton's play \"\"All in Good Time\"\". She played the role on Broadway, for which she was nominated for a Tony Award in 1965. She reprised the role in the 1966 film version, \"\"The Family Way\"\". She was featured singing a track \"\"The World Is for the Young\"\" with Stanley Holloway in the Herman's Hermits 1968 film \"\"Mrs. Brown, You've Got A",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
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"chunk_id": "18838056",
"chunk_text": "\"Cloris Leachman\"\nCloris Leachman Cloris Leachman (born April 30, 1926) is an American actress and comedian. In a career spanning over seven decades she has won eight Primetime Emmy Awards (record tied with Julia Louis-Dreyfus), a Daytime Emmy Award, and an Academy Award for her role in \"\"The Last Picture Show\"\" (1971). As Miss Chicago, Leachman competed in the 20th Miss America pageant and placed in the Top 16 in 1946. Leachman's longest-running role was the nosy and cunning landlady Phyllis Lindstrom on the CBS sitcom \"\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\"\" and its spin-off, \"\"Phyllis\"\", in the 1970s. She also appeared in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8354047",
"chunk_text": "\"Alice Ghostley\"\nGladys (died June 21, 2009). The sisters are interred next to their parents. Alice Ghostley Alice Margaret Ghostley (August 14, 1923 – September 21, 2007) was an American actress and singer. She was best known for her roles as the bungling insecure Esmeralda (1969–70; 1972) on \"\"Bewitched\"\", as Cousin Alice (1970–71) on \"\"Mayberry R.F.D.\"\", and as Bernice Clifton (1986–93) on \"\"Designing Women\"\", for which she received an Emmy nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 1992. She was a regular on \"\"Nichols\"\" (1971–72) and \"\"The Julie Andrews Hour\"\" (1972–73). Ghostley was born in Eve, Missouri, in 1923",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11885955",
"chunk_text": "\"Norma Varden\"\n\"\"Forever Amber\"\" (1947), \"\"Strangers on a Train\"\" (1951), \"\"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\"\" (1953), \"\"Jupiter's Darling\"\" (1955), and \"\"Witness for the Prosecution\"\" (1957). She played the housekeeper Frau Schmidt in \"\"The Sound of Music\"\" (1965). Two years later, she had a minor part as Lady Petherington in \"\"Doctor Dolittle\"\" (1967). She had a recurring role in the 1960s NBC sitcom \"\"Hazel\"\" as Harriet Johnson. She appeared on CBS's \"\"I Love Lucy\"\" as \"\"Mrs. Benson\"\", the neighbour with whom the Ricardos switch apartments after the birth of Little Ricky in 1953. She was cast as Mrs. Murdock in the 1961 episode \"\"The Swedish",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
{
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"chunk_id": "692688",
"chunk_text": "\"Gale Gordon\"\nGale Gordon Gale Gordon (born Charles Thomas Aldrich, Jr., February 20, 1906 – June 30, 1995) was an American character actor perhaps best remembered as Lucille Ball's longtime television foil—and particularly as cantankerously combustible, tightfisted bank executive Theodore J. Mooney, on Ball's second television situation comedy, \"\"The Lucy Show\"\". Gordon also appeared in \"\"I Love Lucy\"\" and had starring roles in Ball's successful third series \"\"Here's Lucy\"\" and her short-lived fourth and final series \"\"Life with Lucy\"\". He is remembered for his role as school principal Osgood Conklin in the early 1950s television hit show \"\"Our Miss Brooks\"\" starring Eve",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "15746459",
"chunk_text": "\"Kate Micucci\"\nseries, \"\"Easy\"\" along with Orlando Bloom and Malin Akerman. Micucci married musician and recording producer Jake Sinclair in February 2018. They live in Los Angeles and New York. On December 30, 2009, G4TV named Micucci the #1 Woman of Comedy. Kate Micucci Kate Micucci ( ; born March 31, 1980) is an American actress, voice actress, comedian, singer, songwriter and artist that is one half of the musical comedy duo \"\"Garfunkel and Oates\"\". Some of her well known roles include Stephanie Gooch in \"\"Scrubs\"\", Shelley in \"\"Raising Hope\"\", Lucy in \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", Sadie in \"\"Steven Universe\"\", Sara Murphy",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "5489933",
"chunk_text": "\"Mildred Dunnock\"\nMildred Dunnock Mildred Dorothy Dunnock (January 25, 1901 – July 5, 1991) was an American stage and screen actress. She received two Academy Award nominations for her supporting performances in \"\"Death of a Salesman\"\" (1951) and \"\"Baby Doll\"\" (1956). Dunnock was also nominated for three Golden Globe Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award in her career. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, she graduated from Western Senior High School. Dunnock was a school teacher who did not start acting until she was in her early thirties. She attended Goucher College where she was a member of Alpha Phi sorority. After a couple",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1003941",
"chunk_text": "\"I Love Lucy\"\nthe classic radio days in which he perfected the role of the exasperated character, as in \"\"Fibber McGee and Molly\"\" and \"\"Our Miss Brooks\"\". He would go on to co-star with Ball in all of her post–\"\"I Love Lucy\"\" series (\"\"The Lucy Show\"\", \"\"Here's Lucy\"\" and \"\"Life with Lucy\"\"). Benaderet was a guest star in one episode as elderly Miss Lewis, a neighbor of the Ricardos. Barbara Pepper (later featured as Doris Ziffel in the series \"\"Green Acres\"\") was also considered to play Ethel, but Pepper had been drinking very heavily after the death of her husband, Craig W. Reynolds.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "692700",
"chunk_text": "\"Gale Gordon\"\non the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6340 Hollywood Boulevard. Gale Gordon Gale Gordon (born Charles Thomas Aldrich, Jr., February 20, 1906 – June 30, 1995) was an American character actor perhaps best remembered as Lucille Ball's longtime television foil—and particularly as cantankerously combustible, tightfisted bank executive Theodore J. Mooney, on Ball's second television situation comedy, \"\"The Lucy Show\"\". Gordon also appeared in \"\"I Love Lucy\"\" and had starring roles in Ball's successful third series \"\"Here's Lucy\"\" and her short-lived fourth and final series \"\"Life with Lucy\"\". He is remembered for his role as school principal Osgood Conklin in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "8495874",
"chunk_text": "\"Barbara Cason\"\nfilms as \"\"The Honeymoon Killers\"\" (1969), \"\"Cold Turkey\"\" (1971) and \"\"\"\" (1977) as well as the summer replacement variety television series \"\"Comedy Tonight\"\". She was also in the movie \"\"House of Dark Shadows\"\" (1970) as Mrs. Johnson, when Clarice Blackburn couldn't do the role. After the early 1970s, Cason's career became centered in Los Angeles, appearing mostly within television up until her death. She is probably best known for her roles as Cloris Phebus on \"\"Carter Country\"\" (1977–1979) and Ruth Shandling on \"\"It's Garry Shandling's Show\"\" (1986–1990). She was married to actor Dennis Patrick from 1970 until her death. She",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
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"chunk_id": "15193672",
"chunk_text": "\"I Love Lucy\"\nI Love Lucy I Love Lucy is a popular 1950s American television sitcom that originally ran on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes spanning 6 seasons (including the 'lost' original pilot and Christmas episode). The show starred Lucille Ball, her real-life husband Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance, and William Frawley. It followed the life of Lucy Ricardo (Ball), a middle class housewife in New York City, who either concocted plans with her best friends (Vance & Frawley) to appear alongside her bandleader husband Ricky Ricardo (Arnaz) in his nightclub, or tried",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "20334974",
"chunk_text": "\"Reva Rose\"\nAttic\"\", \"\"If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium, The Nine Lives of Fritz the Cat\"\", and \"\"House Calls\"\". More recently, she was in the 2003 film \"\"Exorcism\"\", and on an episode of the TV series \"\"Rodney\"\" in 2006. Also guest appearance on the television series \"\"Emergency!\"\" whose character kept making calls out of loneliness for attention etc. . Reva Rose Reva Rose (born July 30, 1940 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actress of stage and screen, best known for her award-winning performance as Lucy van Pelt in the 1967 Off-Broadway production of Clark Gesner's \"\"You're a Good Man, Charlie",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "3415466",
"chunk_text": "\"The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour\"\nthe Ricardos, soon followed by the Mertzes, moved to Westport, Connecticut, reflecting the growth of the suburbs throughout America during the 1950s. Ricky commuted into New York City where he now owned Club Babalu. A key part of the program's format was guest stars in each episode, including Hedda Hopper; Ann Sothern; Rudy Vallee; Cesar Romero; Tallulah Bankhead; Fred MacMurray and June Haver; Betty Grable and Harry James; Fernando Lamas; Maurice Chevalier; Danny Thomas and his \"\"Make Room for Daddy\"\" co-stars; Red Skelton; Paul Douglas; Ida Lupino and Howard Duff; Milton Berle; Bob Cummings; and, in the final episode, \"\"Lucy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3220544",
"chunk_text": "\"Ilana Levine\"\nIlana Levine Ilana Levine (born December 5, 1963) is an American actress. Levine played the role of Lucy van Pelt in the 1999 revival of the Broadway play \"\"You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown\"\". She has also appeared on Broadway in \"\"Jake's Women\"\", \"\"The Last Night of Ballyhoo\"\", and \"\"Wrong Mountain\"\". She is the host of the popular iTunes podcast, \"\"Little Known Facts with Ilana Levine\"\". She is married to actor Dominic Fumusa; they have two children: Georgia and Caleb. Her husband converted to Judaism. She has also appeared on television in episodes of shows including \"\"Seinfeld\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Lois",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20587781",
"chunk_text": "\"Marsha Dietlein Bennett\"\nMarsha Dietlein Bennett Marsha Dietlein (born 1965) is an American actress best known for her role as Lucy Wilson in the 1988 zombie horror film \"\"Return of the Living Dead Part II\"\". As well as \"\"Return of the Living Dead Part II\"\", Dietlein has appeared in numerous other films including \"\"Only You\"\" (1992), \"\"Mickey Blue Eyes\"\" (1999), \"\"Boiler Room\"\" (2000), \"\"Little Manhattan\"\" (2005), \"\"Little Children\"\" (2006), \"\"Winter of Frozen Dreams\"\" (2009), \"\"Nice Guy Johnny\"\" (2010), \"\"Newlyweds\"\" (2011) and \"\"The Fitzgerald Family Christmas\"\" (2012). Dietlein has guests starred on numerous TV shows including \"\"Herman's Head\"\", \"\"Night Court\"\", \"\"Walker, Texas Ranger\"\", \"\"Matlock\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16775514",
"chunk_text": "\"Rosanna Huffman\"\nof 77. She was survived by her daughter, Chrissy, and two grandchildren. Rosanna Huffman Rosanna Huffman (August 12, 1938 – May 20, 2016) was an American actress and voiceover artist. Huffman's film credits as a voice actress included \"\"Oliver & Company\"\" in 1988, \"\"The Fabulous Baker Boys\"\" in 1989, \"\"\"\" in 1992, and \"\"Babe\"\" in 1995. She also appeared in recurring roles in \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", \"\"Hill Street Blues\"\", and \"\"Murder One\"\". Huffman was the widow of Richard Levinson, the co-creator of \"\"Columbo\"\" and \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", who died of a heart attack in 1987. Huffman was born to Doras",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13612653",
"chunk_text": "\"Lillian Randolph\"\nLillian Randolph Lillian Randolph (December 14, 1898 – September 12, 1980) was an American actress and singer, a veteran of radio, film, and television. She worked in entertainment from the 1930s until shortly before her death. She appeared in hundreds of radio shows, motion pictures, short subjects, and television shows. Randolph is most recognized for appearing in \"\"It's a Wonderful Life\"\" (1946), \"\"Magic\"\" (1978) and \"\"The Onion Field\"\" (1979), the last of which was her final onscreen project. She prominently contributed her voice to the character Mammy Two Shoes in the \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" cartoons between 1940 and 1952. Born",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1003948",
"chunk_text": "\"I Love Lucy\"\nappearances brought Lucy to the attention of CBS, which in 1948 enlisted Ball to star in one of two new half-hour situation comedies in development, \"\"Our Miss Brooks\"\" and \"\"My Favorite Husband\"\". Choosing the latter, Lucy portrayed Liz Cugat (later anglicized to Cooper), the frustrated and scheming housewife of a Minneapolis banker, played originally by actor Lee Bowman in the series pilot, and later by actor Richard Denning. Based on the novel \"\"Mr. and Mrs. Cugat\"\" by Isabel Scott Rorick, \"\"My Favorite Husband\"\" was produced by Jess Oppenheimer, and written by Oppenheimer, plus scribes Madelyn Pugh and Bob Carroll Jr.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13635871",
"chunk_text": "\"Pamelyn Ferdin\"\nPamelyn Ferdin Pamelyn Wanda Ferdin (born February 4, 1959) is an American animal rights activist and a former child actress. Ferdin's acting career was primarily during the 1960s and 1970s, though she appeared in projects sporadically in the 1980s and later years. Ferdin began her career in numerous television series, and gained renown for her work as a voice actress supplying the voice of Lucy Van Pelt in \"\"A Boy Named Charlie Brown\"\" (1969), as well as in two other \"\"Peanuts\"\" television specials. She had supporting roles in \"\"The Beguiled\"\" (1971) with Clint Eastwood and Geraldine Page, and a lead",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20617222",
"chunk_text": "\"The Lucy Show\"\nLucy Show\"\", usually playing themselves under the premise that the Lucy Carmichael character, now living in Hollywood, crossed paths with them, either in her day-to-day life, or through her job at the bank. These included Jack Benny, Bob Hope, Carol Burnett, George Burns, Joan Crawford, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Dean Martin, Frankie Avalon, Wayne Newton, Robert Stack, Mel Tormé, John Vivyan, Jack Cassidy, Clint Walker, and Milton Berle. Many lesser-known actors also guest starred, such as Patrick McVey. Other CBS shows were sometimes brought in. In the episode \"\"Lucy and John Wayne\"\", a photograph of Bob Crane as Colonel Hogan from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3228613",
"chunk_text": "\"Edie McClurg\"\nof the Dark\"\" as Chastity Pariah. Having been a member of San Francisco's improv comedy the Pitcshel Players, she moved to Los Angeles and joined the Groundlings troupe. She worked with fellow Groundling player Paul Reubens on his first play \"\"The Pee-wee Herman Show\"\", in which she appeared in 1981 as \"\"Hermit Hattie\"\". McClurg has appeared in almost 90 films and 55 television episodes, usually typecast as a middle-aged, somewhat stubborn, and dim-witted Midwesterner. McClurg is known for a number of roles, including Mrs. Burns in \"\"A River Runs Through It\"\", Grace in \"\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\"\", Lucille Tarlek on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8266579",
"chunk_text": "\"Eleanor Audley\"\nhas been used as the voice of Madame Leota, the spirit of a psychic medium, in the Haunted Mansion attractions in Disneyland and Walt Disney World. From 1954 to 1970, Audley appeared regularly on television, including: \"\"I Love Lucy\"\"; \"\"Crossroads\"\"; \"\"The People's Choice\"\"; \"\"Richard Diamond, Private Detective\"\"; \"\"Perry Mason\"\"; \"\"Dennis the Menace\"\"; \"\"Hazel\"\"; \"\"Pete and Gladys\"\"; \"\"The Real McCoys\"\"; \"\"The Twilight Zone\"\"; \"\"Mr. Lucky\"\"; \"\"The Dick Van Dyke Show\"\" (as Parent-Teacher Association head, Peggy Billings); \"\"The Beverly Hillbillies\"\" (as Potts School headmistress, Millicent Schuyler-Potts); \"\"Mister Ed\"\" (as Aunt Martha); and \"\"My Three Sons\"\" (as mother-in-law, Beatrice Vincent, which was her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3220545",
"chunk_text": "\"Ilana Levine\"\n& Clark\"\", and \"\"Law & Order\"\", and in films including \"\"Kissing Jessica Stein\"\", \"\"Ira and Abby\"\", \"\"Friends with Kids\"\", \"\"Five Flights Up\"\", \"\"Gigantic\"\", \"\"Confessions Of A Shopaholic\"\", \"\"The Nanny Diaries\"\", \"\"Don Peyote\"\", \"\"Storytelling\"\", and \"\"Failure to Launch.\"\" Ilana Levine Ilana Levine (born December 5, 1963) is an American actress. Levine played the role of Lucy van Pelt in the 1999 revival of the Broadway play \"\"You're A Good Man, Charlie Brown\"\". She has also appeared on Broadway in \"\"Jake's Women\"\", \"\"The Last Night of Ballyhoo\"\", and \"\"Wrong Mountain\"\". She is the host of the popular iTunes podcast, \"\"Little Known Facts",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18963109",
"chunk_text": "\"Pennie Lane Trumbull\"\nPennie Lane Trumbull Pennie Ann Trumbull (born July 3, 1954), known as Pennie Lane, is an American socialite, philanthropist, businesswoman, and entrepreneur. During the 1970s she formed the group \"\"The Flying Garter Girls\"\", who traveled around the country as the promoters for famous rock bands. Her time as a band promoter was chronicled in the 2000 film \"\"Almost Famous\"\" and she was portrayed by actress Kate Hudson. Trumbull was born in Portland, Oregon. She was an only child and attended Roosevelt High School, where she was an award-winning equestrian and tried out for the Olympic team. Her love of music",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15173024",
"chunk_text": "\"Gerry Johnson\"\nGerry Johnson Gerry Johnson (April 4, 1918 – January 24, 1990) was an American actress, best known as the second voice actress of Betty Rubble during seasons five and six of the animated television series \"\"The Flintstones\"\". Geraldine Adelaide Schreiber was born in Jersey City, New Jersey in 1918. Among her many stage, TV, and screen credits, Johnson created and hosted her own TV variety show in Dallas, Texas, \"\"Gerry Johnson's Variety Fair\"\" in the 1950s and played Lady Bracknell in \"\"The Importance of Being Earnest\"\" and several characters in \"\"Under Milkwood\"\" in the opening season of the Dallas Theater",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18824828",
"chunk_text": "\"Helen Kleeb\"\nHelen Kleeb Helen Kleeb (January 6, 1907 – December 28, 2003) was an American film and television actress. In a career covering nearly fifty years, she may be best known for her role from 1972 to 1981 as \"\"Miss Mamie Baldwin\"\" on CBS's family drama, \"\"The Waltons\"\". From 1949–1951, she performed voices for the \"\"Candy Matson\"\" radio program. In 1956–1957, Kleeb guest-starred on CBS's \"\"Hey, Jeannie!,\"\" starring Jeannie Carson. In the 1960–1961 television season, Kleeb appeared as Miss Claridge, a legal secretary, on the ABC sitcom \"\"Harrigan and Son\"\", starring Pat O'Brien and Roger Perry. She appeared in episodes of,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_975
|
where did the butchers in the slaughterhouse cases live?
|
n/a
|
[
"New Orleans"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6262463",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter-House Cases\"\ncorporation that centralized all slaughterhouse operations in the city. At the time, New York City, San Francisco, Boston, Milwaukee, and Philadelphia had similar provisions to confine butchers to areas in order to keep offal from contaminating the water supply. The legislature chartered a private corporation, the Crescent City Live-Stock Landing and Slaughter-House Company, to run a Grand Slaughterhouse at the southern part of the city, opposite the Mississippi River. Crescent City would not slaughter beef itself but act as a franchise corporation, by renting out space to other butchers in the city for a fee, under a designated maximum. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9448787",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nalso troubling. Frequently, animal welfare and animal rights groups and sometimes academicians raise concerns about the methods of transport, preparation, herding, and killing within some slaughterhouses. Until modern times, the slaughter of animals generally took place in a haphazard and unregulated manner in diverse places. Early maps of London show numerous stockyards in the periphery of the city, where slaughter occurred in the open air. A term for such open-air slaughterhouses was \"\"shambles\"\", and there are streets named \"\"The Shambles\"\" in some English and Irish towns (e.g., Worcester, York, Bandon) which got their name from having been the site on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10018249",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter House Gang\"\nSlaughter House Gang The Slaughter House Gang, known as the Slaughter Housers, were a prominent street gang in New York's Fourth Ward during the late 1840s to the mid-1860s. The Slaughter Housers, known for their violent muggings and murder, were infamous for luring an unsuspecting victim into a local dive bar where he would be robbed and sometimes murdered. However, if the victim refused to enter, the gang would follow the victim until passing a window where a woman would dump a bucket of ash, blinding the victim, and he would be attacked and pushed into a cellar door. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221412",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nwhile keeping accordance to the national regulations. In some societies, traditional cultural and religious aversion to slaughter led to prejudice against the people involved. In Japan, where the ban on slaughter of livestock for food was lifted in the late 19th century, the newly found slaughter industry drew workers primarily from villages of \"\"burakumin\"\", who traditionally worked in occupations relating to death (such as executioners and undertakers). In some parts of western Japan, prejudice faced by current and former residents of such areas (\"\"burakumin\"\" \"\"hamlet people\"\") is still a sensitive issue. Because of this, even the Japanese word for \"\"slaughter\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1151361",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter-House Cases\"\ncovered by state citizenship. In effect, the amendment was interpreted to convey limited protection pertinent to a small minority of rights. The decision consolidated three similar cases: One writer described New Orleans in the mid-nineteenth century as plagued by \"\"intestines and portions of putrefied animal matter lodged [around the drinking pipes]\"\" whenever the tide from the Mississippi River was low; the offal came from the city's slaughterhouses. A mile and a half upstream from the city, 1,000 butchers gutted more than 300,000 animals per year. Animal entrails (known as offal), dung, blood, and urine contaminated New Orleans's drinking water, which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6262466",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter-House Cases\"\nconferring odious and exclusive privileges upon a small number of persons at the expense of the great body of the community of New Orleans, but it is asserted that it deprives a large and meritorious class of citizens—the whole of the butchers of the city—of the right to exercise their trade, the business to which they have been trained and on which they depend for the support of themselves and their families, and that the unrestricted exercise of the business of butchering is necessary to the daily subsistence of the population of the city. The lower courts had found in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6574898",
"chunk_text": "\"Labor rights in American meatpacking industry\"\nStatistics, in 2006, the median wage for slaughterhouse workers was $10.43 per hour which comes out to $21,690 per year. In the 19th century, the south side of Chicago became the main home of American slaughterhouses. In order to avoid paying higher wages for a skilled workforce, the larger slaughterhouses in Chicago established an (dis)assembly line process; the mass production system eliminated the need for skilled labor. The original slaughterhouse workers were largely recent immigrants of Irish, German, and Scandinavian background. In the slaughterhouses, they worked in difficult conditions. Not only were they required to slaughter and dismember enormous numbers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6017732",
"chunk_text": "\"Union Stock Yards\"\nstill consisted of fewer than 700 persons. In the early 1860s the meat packing industry of the United States was still located in Cincinnati, Ohio, the original \"\"Porkopolis\"\" of the pre-Civil War era. However, with the end of the American Civil War, the meat packing industry had started to move westward along with the westward migration of the population of the United States. For the meat packing industry moving west meant coming to Chicago. As early as 1827, Archibauld Clybourn had established himself as a butcher in a log slaughter house on the north branch of the Chicago River and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221404",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nfor stringent levels of inspection to ensure that epizootics such as rinderpest (a devastating outbreak of the disease covered all of Britain in 1865) would not be able to spread. By 1874, three meat inspectors were appointed for the London area, and the Public Health Act 1875 required local authorities to provide central slaughterhouses (they were only given powers to close insanitary slaughterhouses in 1890). Yet the appointment of slaughterhouse inspectors and the establishment of centralised abattoirs took place much earlier in the British colonies, such as the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. In Victoria, for example, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18932488",
"chunk_text": "\"Alferd Packer\"\nworry\"\" at the age of 65. Packer is widely rumored to have become a vegetarian before his death. He was buried in Littleton, Colorado. His grave is marked with a veteran's tombstone listing his original regiment in 1862. On July 17, 1989, 115 years after Packer allegedly consumed his companions, an exhumation of the five bodies was undertaken by James E. Starrs, then a professor of law specializing in forensic science at George Washington University. Following an exhaustive search for the precise location of the remains at Cannibal Plateau in Lake City, Colorado, Starrs and his colleague Walter H. Birkby",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10004841",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter City\"\nSlaughter City Slaughter City is a play written by Naomi Wallace. It tells the story of the otherworldly Cod's employment at a slaughterhouse. The play was inspired by a number of labor-related incidents including the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911 and the 1993 strike at the Fischer's meat packing plant in Louisville, Kentucky. The drama follows the lives of a group of workers who work at a modern day plant. While work gets tougher and more dangerous, their wages are being cut, and benefits reduced. Into the fray walks Cod, a strange young man who tries to inspire them",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221397",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nwhich butchers killed and prepared animals for consumption. Fishamble Street, Dublin was formerly a \"\"fish-shambles\"\". The slaughterhouse emerged as a coherent institution in the nineteenth century. A combination of health and social concerns, exacerbated by the rapid urbanisation experienced during the Industrial Revolution, led social reformers to call for the isolation, sequester and regulation of animal slaughter. As well as the concerns raised regarding hygiene and disease, there were also criticisms of the practice on the grounds that the effect that killing had, both on the butchers and the observers, \"\"educate[d] the men in the practice of violence and cruelty,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3563337",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter-House Cases\"\nin a number of cases in New Orleans to obstruct Radical Reconstruction. Although the Fourteenth Amendment was passed mainly to protect the freedmen in the South, the language of Section 1 is not racially limited. Campbell used it to argue for a new, broad reading of the Fourteenth Amendment, in order to allow butchers of any race to \"\"sustain their lives through labor.\"\" In a 5–4 decision issued on April 14, 1873, by Justice Miller, the Court held to a narrow interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment and ruled that it did not restrict the police powers of the state. It",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1151366",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter-House Cases\"\nfavor of Crescent City in all cases. Six cases were appealed to the Supreme Court. The butchers based their claims on the due process, privileges or immunities, and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, which had been ratified by the states five years earlier. It had been passed with the intention of protecting the civil rights of the millions of newly emancipated freedmen in the South, who had been granted citizenship in the United States. The butchers' attorney, former Supreme Court Justice John Archibald Campbell, who had retired from the federal bench because of his Confederate loyalties, represented persons",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6262465",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter-House Cases\"\nset up by Crescent City. The statute forbade Crescent City from favoring one butcher over another by promising harsh penalties for refusal to sell space to any butcher. All animals on the premises would be inspected by an officer appointed by the governor of the state. Over 400 members of the Butchers' Benevolent Association joined together to sue to stop Crescent City's takeover of the slaughterhouse industry. In the background of his majority opinion, Supreme Court Justice Samuel Freeman Miller reiterated the concerns of the butchers: This statute is denounced [by the butchers] not only as creating a monopoly and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12460838",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Raymond Cook\"\nthe Ponoka Mental Institution he was detained in, for a psychiatric assessment, after he had been denied permission to attend the funerals of the family members he had killed, and was found several days later hiding at a pig farm near Bashaw, Alberta. It took two trials and just under 16 months for Cook to be convicted of murder, where he maintained his innocence up until his execution. Cook was sent to the gallows at Fort Saskatchewan Provincial Gaol at midnight, November 14, 1960, and pronounced dead at 12:19AM on November 15, 1960. The case has been the subject of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19302126",
"chunk_text": "\"Pierre Basson\"\nPierre Basson Pierre Corneille Faculys Basson (born 1880 - January 22, 1906) was South Africa's first documented serial killer. He killed and buried at least nine people in his backyard in Claremont, Cape Town, so he could later claim their life insurance. When police officers arrived at his house, he shot himself. Basson was born in 1880 and is guilty of cruel acts at an early age. When he was 12, he hit a boy with a knife and enjoyed watching animals suffer. Among other things, he enjoyed catching and killing birds. He also cut down cats' legs to see",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3563342",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter-House Cases\"\nthe State of Louisiana had adopted a new constitution prohibiting the state's ability to grant slaughterhouse monopolies, devolving regulation of cattle slaughter to parishes and municipalities, and banning the subordinate governmental units from granting monopoly rights over such activities. Having essentially lost its monopoly protection, the Crescent City Co. sued. That case ended in \"\"Butchers' Union Co. v. Crescent City Co.\"\" (1884), with the Supreme Court holding that Crescent City Co. did not have a contract with the state and so that revocation of the monopoly privilege was not a violation of the Contract Clause. Harvard Law School professor Laurence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6262462",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter-House Cases\"\nwas implicated in cholera outbreaks among the population. To try to control the problem, a New Orleans grand jury recommended that the slaughterhouses be moved south, but since many of the slaughterhouses were outside city limits, the grand jury's recommendations carried no weight. The city appealed to the state legislature. As a result, in 1869, the Louisiana legislature passed \"\"An Act to Protect the Health of the City of New Orleans, to Locate the Stock Landings and Slaughter Houses, and to incorporate the Crescent City Livestock Landing and Slaughter-House Company,\"\" which allowed the city of New Orleans to create a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13235269",
"chunk_text": "\"Meat packing industry\"\norganize and to seek redress for work-related injuries. The industry after 1945 closed its stockyards in big cities like Chicago and moved operations to small towns close to cattle ranches, especially in Iowa, Nebraska and Colorado. Historically, besides Cincinnati, Chicago and Omaha, the other major meat packing cities had been South St. Paul, Minnesota; East St. Louis, Illinois; Dubuque, Iowa; Kansas City, Missouri; Austin, Minnesota; Sioux Falls, South Dakota; and Sioux City, Iowa. Mid-century restructuring by the industry of the stockyards, slaughterhouses and meat packing led to relocating facilities closer to cattle feedlots and swine production facilities, to more rural",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "224445",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Hansen\"\nRobert Hansen Robert Christian Hansen (February 15, 1939 – August 21, 2014), known in the media as the \"\"Butcher Baker\"\", was an American serial killer. Between 1971 and 1983, Hansen abducted, raped, and murdered at least 17 women in and around Anchorage, Alaska, hunting them down in the wilderness with a Ruger Mini-14 and a knife. He was arrested and convicted in 1983 and was sentenced to 461 years and a life sentence without the possibility of parole. Robert Hansen was born in Estherville, Iowa, in 1939. He was the son of a Danish immigrant and followed in his father's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13739015",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\ncurtailed. As the meat requirements of the growing number of residents in London steadily expanded, the meat markets both within the city and beyond attracted increasing levels of public disapproval. Meat had been traded at Smithfield Market as early as the 10th century. By 1726, it was regarded as \"\"without question, the greatest in the world\"\", by Daniel Defoe. By the middle of the 19th century, in the course of a single year 220,000 head of cattle and 1,500,000 sheep would be \"\"violently forced into an area of five acres, in the very heart of London, through its narrowest and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221395",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nSlaughterhouse A slaughterhouse or abattoir is a facility where animals are slaughtered for consumption as food. Slaughterhouses supply meat which then becomes the responsibility of the packaging department. Slaughterhouses that process meat not intended for human consumption are sometimes referred to as knacker's yards or knackeries, used for animals that are not fit for consumption or can no longer work on a farm such as retired work horses. Slaughtering animals on a large scale poses significant logistical problems, animal welfare problems, public health requirements, and environmental problems. Due to public aversion in many cultures, determining where to build slaughterhouses is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19302128",
"chunk_text": "\"Pierre Basson\"\nWilhelm Schaefer (a German farmer). His last words to his mother when the police started excavations in their yard were: \"\"\"\"I'm going to go to the police. I did not do anything wrong.\"\"\"\" He was posthumously convicted of murder after 1906. Pierre Basson Pierre Corneille Faculys Basson (born 1880 - January 22, 1906) was South Africa's first documented serial killer. He killed and buried at least nine people in his backyard in Claremont, Cape Town, so he could later claim their life insurance. When police officers arrived at his house, he shot himself. Basson was born in 1880 and is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4987966",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse-Five\nfrom his former life. Billy and the other prisoners are transported by the Germans to Luxembourg. By 1945, the Germans transport the prisoners to Dresden to work in \"\"contract labor\"\" (forced labor). The Germans hold Billy and his fellow prisoners in an empty Dresden slaughterhouse, \"\"\"\"Schlachthof-fünf,\"\"\"\" \"\"slaughterhouse five.\"\" During the extensive bombing by the Allies, German guards hide with the prisoners of war in a deep cellar. This results in their being among the few survivors of the firestorm that raged in the city between 13 and 15 February 1945. After V-E Day in May 1945, Billy is transferred to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20274418",
"chunk_text": "\"National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933\"\nlive poultry (provided to kosher slaughterhouses for butchering and sale to observant Jews) were fit for human consumption and to prevent the submission of false sales and price reports. The industry was almost entirely centered on New York City. Under the new poultry code, the Schechter brothers were indicted on 60 counts (of which 27 were dismissed by the trial court), acquitted on 14, and convicted in 19. One of the counts on which they were convicted was for selling a diseased bird, leading Hugh Johnson to jokingly call the suit the \"\"sick chicken case\"\". Even before these legal aspects",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15555824",
"chunk_text": "\"Belle Gunness\"\nBelle Gunness Belle Gunness (; November 11, 1859 – possibly April 28, 1908) was a Norwegian-American serial killer. Gunness is thought to have killed at least 14 people (and may have killed as many as 40) between the years 1884 and 1908. Her criminal activities came to light in April 1908, when the Gunness farmhouse in La Porte, Indiana burned to the ground. In the ruins, authorities found the headless body of an adult woman, initially identified as Belle Gunness, and her three children. Further investigation unearthed the partial remains of at least 11 additional people on the Gunness property,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15419002",
"chunk_text": "\"B1 Butcher\"\ntheir murders victims have been found in close proximity to the Namibian National Road B1, which crosses the country from north to south. The \"\"butcher\"\" part of the name stems from the professional way in which the bodies were dismembered. Body parts were found in June and July 2007 in the Khomas Region along the B1 in the greater Windhoek area between Rehoboth and Okahandja. These body parts were wrapped in garbage bags and belonged to two different women. As far back as 2005 two similar unexplained murders of women occurred, those two murders have subsequently also been blamed on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19810075",
"chunk_text": "\"Susan Monica\"\nSusan Monica Susan Monica (born July 8, 1948) is an American convicted murderer. She garnered public attention after being convicted of murdering two men at her residence in rural Wimer, Oregon. Both of the victims had worked as handymen on her farm, and each had gone missing under mysterious circumstances in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In both cases, Monica dismembered the victims before feeding portions of their remains to her farm pigs. Partial remains of the two men were discovered at her residence after authorities interrogated her for identity theft of one of the men. After a trial that lasted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15983716",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Garrow\"\nRobert Garrow Robert Garrow (March 4, 1936 – September 11, 1978) was an American spree killer who was active in New York in the early 1970s. His criminal trial, known as the Buried Bodies Case, became an important case in legal ethics after his attorneys refused to disclose the location of the bodies of two of his victims, citing attorney-client privilege. Robert Garrow Jr. was born in Dannemora, New York, to French-Canadian parents Robert Garrow Sr. and his wife, Margaret; they were poor farmers. Garrow later claimed his parents were severe, violent disciplinarians who regularly physically abused their children with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221405",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\n\"\"Melbourne Abattoirs Act 1850\"\" (NSW) \"\"confined the slaughtering of animals to prescribed public abattoirs, while at the same time prohibiting the killing of sheep, lamb, pigs or goats at any other place within the city limits\"\". Attempts were also made throughout the British Empire to reform the practice of slaughter itself, as the methods used came under increasing criticism for causing undue pain to the animals. The eminent physician, Benjamin Ward Richardson, spent many years in developing more humane methods of slaughter. He brought into use no less than fourteen possible anesthetics for use in the slaughterhouse and even experimented",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "766936",
"chunk_text": "\"Adolf Theuer\"\nto insert the gas. Kaduk stated that: Theuer remained at the camp until its evacuation in January 1945, when he was subsequently deployed in Ohrdruf concentration camp, a subcamp of Buchenwald concentration camp. Although Theuer did not torture prisoners, he was still known in the camp as a butcher. After the war he was put on trial along with SS overseer Sophie Hanel in Prague; both were sentenced to death. Theuer was hanged in Opava (Czechoslovakia) on 23 April 1947. Adolf Theuer Adolf Theuer (sometimes given as Teuer) (20 September 1920 in Henneborg-Bolatitz, today borough of Borová, Bolatice, Opava District",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10945119",
"chunk_text": "\"Ed Gein\"\nEd Gein Edward Theodore Gein (; August 27, 1906 – July 26, 1984), also known as The Butcher of Plainfield, was an American murderer and body snatcher. His crimes, committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin, gathered widespread notoriety after authorities discovered that Gein had exhumed corpses from local graveyards and fashioned trophies and keepsakes from their bones and skin. Gein confessed to killing two women – tavern owner Mary Hogan in 1954, and a Plainfield hardware store owner, Bernice Worden, in 1957. Gein was initially found unfit to stand trial and confined to a mental health facility. In 1968,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13739014",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nso that they seem to have no restraint on the use of it.\"\" An additional motivation for eliminating private slaughter was to impose a careful system of regulation for the \"\"morally dangerous\"\" task of putting animals to death. As a result of this tension, meat markets within the city were closed and abattoirs built outside city limits. An early framework for the establishment of public slaughterhouses was put in place in Paris in 1810, under the reign of the Emperor Napoleon. Five areas were set aside on the outskirts of the city and the feudal privileges of the guilds were",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "165063",
"chunk_text": "\"William MacDonald (serial killer)\"\ncase and the three previous Mutilator killings, and had profiled the killer as operating in Sydney's inner eastern suburbs, which were many miles distant from Concord. After investigations, the victim was incorrectly identified as Alan Edward Brennan and a notice published in a newspaper obituary column. This was read by his former workmates at the local post office, who attended a small memorial service conducted by a local funeral director. At this time, MacDonald was living in Brisbane and then moved to New Zealand, believing that the police would still be looking for him. He felt the need to kill",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6006334",
"chunk_text": "\"Tichborne case\"\nhad worked for William Foster at a cattle station in Gippsland under the name of Thomas Castro. While there, he had met Arthur Orton, a fellow Englishman. After leaving Foster's employment the Claimant had subsequently wandered the country, sometimes with Orton, working in various capacities before setting up as a butcher in Wagga Wagga in 1865. On the basis of this information, the Tichborne family sent an agent, John Mackenzie, to Australia to make further enquiries. Mackenzie located Foster's widow, who produced the old station records. These showed no reference to \"\"Thomas Castro\"\", although the employment of an \"\"Arthur Orton\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4083359",
"chunk_text": "\"Meat riots\"\nMeat riots The Meat riot (Spanish: \"\"Huelga de la carne\"\"), in the Chilean capital Santiago in October 1905, was a violent riot that originated from a demonstration against the tariffs applied to the cattle imports from Argentina. The establishment of the Buenos Aires-Mendoza railroad in 1885 ended the lengthy and costly trade with carts that connected these two regions of Argentina and facilitated cattle exports from the pampas to Chile, albeit in the last portion of the route the cattle had to walk over the high mountain passes of the Andes. These imports resulted in a lowering of meat prices",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9402052",
"chunk_text": "\"The Butcher (2006 film)\"\nThe Butcher (2006 film) The Butcher is a 2006 horror film directed by Edward Gorsuch. It centers on a group of teenagers who discover a murderer living in the middle of nowhere after crashing their car. 6 college friends embark on a road trip to Las Vegas, and during a foolish and unfamiliar shortcut, become involved in a serious car accident in a small, unknown town. One of the girls in the vehicle dies, and is accompanied by a friend while the others go looking for help in the small town. They find an old house in the woods, which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17250514",
"chunk_text": "\"Prime Cut\"\nof sausages, then marks the package with an address in Chicago. Weenie is the brother of \"\"Mary Ann\"\", the crooked operator of the slaughterhouse in Kansas City, Kansas. The particular sausages that Weenie was wrapping were made from the remains of an enforcer from the Chicago Irish Mob sent to Kansas City to collect $500,000 from Mary Ann. After the head of the Irish Mob in Chicago receives the package, he contacts Nick Devlin, an enforcer with whom he has worked previously, to go to Kansas City to collect the debt. He tells Devlin about the sausages and that another",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4417686",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert Berdella\"\nRobert Berdella Robert Andrew Berdella Jr. (January 31, 1949October 8, 1992) was an American serial killer, known as The Kansas City Butcher and The Collector, who kidnapped, raped, tortured, and murdered at least six men between 1984 and 1987 in Kansas City, Missouri after having forced his victims to endure periods of up to six weeks of captivity. Describing his murders as being \"\"some of my darkest fantasies becoming my reality\"\", Berdella pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for the first degree murder of one of his victims, Larry Pearson, in August 1988,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221401",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nmost crowded thoroughfares\"\". By the early 19th century, pamphlets were being circulated arguing in favour of the removal of the livestock market and its relocation outside of the city due to the extremely poor hygienic conditions as well as the brutal treatment of the cattle. In 1843, the \"\"Farmer's Magazine\"\" published a petition signed by bankers, salesmen, aldermen, butchers and local residents against the expansion of the livestock market. An Act of Parliament was finally passed in 1852. Under its provisions, a new cattle-market was constructed in Copenhagen Fields, Islington. The new Metropolitan Cattle Market was also opened in 1855,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4208559",
"chunk_text": "\"Slaughter Slough\"\nhired to work in his absence, carried the crying toddler outside. Without warning one of the Dakota shot Voigt dead (though the child was unharmed). Many more Sissetons then leapt out of hiding and looted the cabin. Mrs. Hurd was told that she and the children would be spared if she didn't warn the other settlers. Refusing them additional food or clothing, some Dakotas escorted the Hurds from home and pointed them in the direction of New Ulm. The Sissetons next arrived at the cabin of Andreas and Mariah Koch (pronounced \"\"Cook\"\"), immigrants from Germany with no children. Andreas was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221410",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nslaughterhouses vary considerably around the world. In many countries the slaughter of animals is regulated by custom and tradition rather than by law. In the non-Western world, including the Arab world, the Indian sub-continent, etc., both forms of meat are available: one which is produced in modern mechanized slaughterhouses, and the other from local butcher shops. In some communities animal slaughter and permitted species may be controlled by religious laws, most notably \"\"halal\"\" for Muslims and \"\"kashrut\"\" for Jewish communities. This can cause conflicts with national regulations when a slaughterhouse adhering to the rules of religious preparation is located in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2844778",
"chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Torso Murderer\"\nCleveland Torso Murderer \"\"The Tattooed Man redirects here. For the DC Comics character, see List of minor DC Comics characters.\"\" The Cleveland Torso Murderer (also known as the Mad Butcher of Kingsbury Run) was an unidentified serial killer who was active in Cleveland, Ohio, United States in the 1930s. The killings were defined by the dismemberment of twelve known victims and the disposal of their remains in the impoverished neighborhood of Kingsbury Run. Despite an investigation of the murders, which at one time was led by famed lawman and Cleveland's then-Public Safety Director Eliot Ness, the murderer was never apprehended.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12725133",
"chunk_text": "\"Karl Denke\"\nHe also ran a nearby shop where he sold meat (which most speculate to have contained human remains). Denke also worked as an organ player at the local church, and was well-liked in his community, often affectionately referred to as \"\"Papa\"\" by the community. Denke quit his membership in the church in 1906. Karl Denke, for unknown reasons, began murdering homeless vagrants and poor travelers. His first known victim was Ida Launer, in 1903. Six years later, in 1909, he killed 25-year-old Emma Sander (another slaughterhouse worker, Eduard Trautmann, was found guilty of her murder and sentenced to 12 years,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7229091",
"chunk_text": "\"Brown's Chicken massacre\"\nBrown's Chicken massacre The Brown's Chicken Massacre in Palatine was a mass murder that occurred at a Brown's Chicken restaurant in Palatine, a northwest suburb of Chicago, Illinois, on January 8, 1993, when two assailants robbed the restaurant and then proceeded to murder seven employees. The case remained unsolved for nearly nine years, until one of the assailants was implicated by his girlfriend in 2002. Police used DNA samples from the murder scene to match one of the suspects, Juan Luna. Luna was put on trial in 2007, found guilty of seven counts of murder, and sentenced to life imprisonment.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7358757",
"chunk_text": "\"The Butchers (2014 film)\"\ncome across it\"\". The Butchers (2014 film) The Butchers (also known as Death Factory and The Factory) is a 2014 horror film directed by Steven Judd and written by David Dittlinger and Stephen Durham. While on a bus with his brother, Brian, and a dozen others, Simon has a nightmare about when he fatally clubbed his abusive father, who had killed their mother. In a nearby ghost town, the landowner meets JB, a lawyer who wants to buy the property, primarily for its museum dedicated to serial killers: Albert Fish, John Wayne Gacy, Jack the Ripper, Jeffrey Dahmer, Ed Gein,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221403",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nmeat market via lifts. At the same time, the first large and centralized slaughterhouse in Paris was constructed in 1867 under the orders of Napoleon III at the Parc de la Villette and heavily influenced the subsequent development of the institution throughout Europe. These slaughterhouses were regulated by law to ensure good standards of hygiene, the prevention of the spread of disease and the minimization of needless animal cruelty. The slaughterhouse had to be equipped with a specialized water supply system to effectively clean the operating area of blood and offal. Veterinary scientists, notably George Fleming and John Gamgee, campaigned",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221414",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\nand the importation of beef into the nation of Nepal are strictly forbidden. Some countries practices sustainable designs that allows minimal waste produced as effluents in nearby bodies of water. In the Philippines, some slaughterhouse were poorly designed as shown by contamination and pollution of nearby rivers Refrigeration technology allowed meat from the slaughterhouse to be preserved for longer periods. This led to the concept as the slaughterhouse as a freezing works. Prior to this, canning was an option. Freezing works are common in New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. In countries where meat is exported for a substantial profit",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19221418",
"chunk_text": "Slaughterhouse\n\"\"Humane Slaughter Act\"\", requiring all animals to be put down and thus insusceptible to pain by some form, typically electronarcosis, before undergoing any form of violent action. According to the HFA, Eiznitz interviewed slaughterhouse workers representing over two million hours of experience, who, without exception, told her that they have beaten, strangled, boiled and dismembered animals alive or have failed to report those who do. The workers described the effects the violence has had on their personal lives, with several admitting to being physically abusive or taking to alcohol and other drugs. The HFA alleges that workers are required to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_976
|
yo la tengo theres a riot going on release date?
|
n/a
|
[
"March 16, 2018"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17900782",
"chunk_text": "\"El Disco Duro\"\nbe released during early 2017, most likely during January or February. On June 21, 2017, Daddy Yankee stated that he postponed the album's release due to finding more successful the release of singles instead of an entire record. In December 2014, \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine added digital and streaming information to count sales: 1,000 digital songs sales and 1,500 song streams separately equal one album sale, which may affect the chart placement of the album. Considered on-demand audio services includes Spotify, Google Play, Beats Music and Xbox Music. \"\"Sígueme y Te Sigo\"\" was released as the first single on March 12, 2015.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19559424",
"chunk_text": "\"Drogas Wave\"\nWave is based on a story about a group of slaves that jumped off a slave ship transporting them from Africa. The slaves did not drown, and instead somehow managed to live under the sea. They spent the rest of their underwater existence sinking slave ships. ‘\"\"Drogas\"\"’ is the Spanish word for drugs. I made it an acronym which stands for ‘\"\"Don’t Ruin Us God Said\"\"’. Because of reported leaks, the album release date was released a week early on September 21, 2018 instead of the initial release date, September 28, 2018. On March 15, 2013, Fiasco released a song",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12030069",
"chunk_text": "\"Jennifer Lopez\"\nis working on her second full length Spanish album, which is set to be released through Sony Music Latin; Marc Anthony serves as an executive producer for the project. It is titled \"\"Por Primera Vez\"\", which translates to \"\"For the First Time\"\" in English. The album's lead single, \"\"Ni Tú Ni Yo\"\" (featuring Cuban reggaeton group Gente de Zona), was released on in July 2017. The second single \"\"Amor, Amor, Amor\"\" featuring Wisin followed in November 2017. In April 2018, Lopez launched her limited-edition makeup collection in collaboration with Inglot Cosmetics. That month, she was named one of \"\"Time\"\"s 100",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5525738",
"chunk_text": "\"Ayo (Bomba Estéreo album)\"\nAyo (Bomba Estéreo album) Ayo is the fifth studio album by Colombian band Bomba Estéreo, released on August 11, 2017. It is a cumbia album with elements of modern dance music and Spanglish lyrics. It reached number 28 on the US Top Latin Albums chart. The album was created following the band's success with the video for \"\"Soy Yo\"\", which was called an \"\"anthem of Latinx identity\"\" by NPR, and said to contain a \"\"message of individuality and self-love\"\". It also inspired art and Halloween costumes. \"\"Ayo\"\" was noted as following from this sound, being created soon after the viral",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7771414",
"chunk_text": "\"Yo La Tengo\"\nSeventies\"\" for radio station WFMU. In August 2012, they announced the release of an EP in September 2012 to be followed by a full-length album in January 2013. The EP includes three versions of the song \"\"Stupid Things\"\": the single version, a remix by EYƎ, and the original 12-minute instrumental version. The following album, Fade, was released on January 15, 2013. In 2014 they toured and performed live onstage as film maker Sam Green live narrated an evolving version of his new film The Love Song of R. Buckminster Fuller in Austin, Burlington, Detroit, Ithaca, Portland, New Orleans and Vancouver.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19151640",
"chunk_text": "\"4:44 (album)\"\nnominated to the 2017 Oscars for Best Picture, \"\"Moonlight\"\" and \"\"La La Land\"\", as a \"\"commentary on the culture and where we're going\"\". The album's title track, \"\"\"\", was released as the lead single to rhythmic contemporary radio on July 11, 2017. The song from the album, \"\"Bam\"\", was released as the second single to rhythmic contemporary radio on September 26, 2017. The song \"\"Family Feud\"\" was released to British contemporary hit radio on January 26, 2018 as the album's third single. On July 10, Jay-Z announced the 32-date North American beginning on October 27 at the Honda Center in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3380967",
"chunk_text": "\"Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral\"\nAnson, and Rafa Siguion-Reyna. It was released on September 5, 2018. Following the assassination of General Antonio Luna, the task of purging Luna's loyalists in the Philippine Army falls to General Gregorio \"\"Goyo\"\" del Pilar, a young, brash general and a favorite of President Emilio Aguinaldo. During a five-month break from combat, del Pilar and his unit, including his older brother Julian and his best friend Vicente Enriquez, capture Angel Bernal, the younger brother of Luna's former aides-de-camp, Manuel and José. They soon locate Manuel hiding with merchant Don Mariano Nable José and torture him into joining del Pilar's military",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7588758",
"chunk_text": "\"Action Point\"\ncalled his executive producer, who advised him that he needed to return to the hospital. The doctors told him that he could not sneeze or blow his nose for six weeks. In the last days of filming, they filmed only the right side of his face, because he looked like \"\"a Picasso painting.\"\" Originally titled \"\"Action Park\"\", the film was released in the United States on June 1, 2018, having previously been slated for March 23 and May 11, 2018 releases. In the United States and Canada, \"\"Action Point\"\" was released alongside \"\"Adrift\"\" and \"\"Upgrade\"\", and was originally projected to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12630480",
"chunk_text": "\"Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral\"\nlasting 60 days. The production cost for the film is said to be triple the budget of \"\"Luna\"\". On February 15, 2017, a 20-minute short film entitled \"\"Angelito\"\" was exclusively released during the theatrical premiere of \"\"I'm Drunk, I Love You\"\" to serve as a prelude to \"\"Goyo\"\" and to intertwine both the sequel and \"\"Heneral Luna\"\". The film's teaser trailer was released on September 9, 2017. In May 2018, it was announced that the film would be released on September 5, 2018. The film received praise for its acting, cinematography, music, and set design, which Zach Yonzon in Spot.PH",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1467192",
"chunk_text": "\"City of Lies\"\nto play an FBI agent, Dunton. On January 23, 2017, newcomer Joseph Ferrante joined the film for an unspecified role. Principal photography on the film began on December 13, 2016 in Los Angeles, California. Principal photography wrapped in May 2017. The first trailer for the film, originally titled \"\"LAbyrinth\"\", was released on May 21, 2018, which would have been The Notorious B.I.G.'s 46th birthday. Following the merger between Open Road Films and IM Global to form Global Road Entertainment, the film was retitled \"\"City of Lies\"\" and given a release date of September 7, 2018, 22 years after the Tupac",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15998969",
"chunk_text": "\"War & Leisure\"\nRecording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It was also certified gold by Music Canada (MC), becoming Miguel's first certified single in that country. \"\"Told You So\"\", was released on November 3, 2017, as the second single from the album. Miguel partnered with Revolve Impact and headlined in Schools Not Prisons, along with other partners in late 2017 to spread awareness of the overuse of mass incarceration in California. Footage from his Adelanto stop was used in the music video for \"\"Now\"\". He premiered medleys of \"\"Criminal\"\", \"\"City of Angels\"\", and \"\"Now\"\" on the tour. The track \"\"Pineapple Skies\"\" was released",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16962972",
"chunk_text": "Inna\nentire creative control over the record and worked extensively with Romanian producer David Ciente. She described \"\"Yo\"\" material as experimental and gypsy-influenced, a departure from her previous work. \"\"Ra\"\" was released as the record's lead single in September 2018. It was promoted by several public appearances in Mexico and the United States—including the 2018 Telehit Awards and 19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards—as well as by Inna's inclusion in magazines such as \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" and \"\"Vogue México y Latinoamérica\"\". The singer also signed a record deal with Jay-Z's record label Roc Nation. In late November 2011, Inna joined the anti-domestic violence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9607359",
"chunk_text": "\"The Fate of the Furious: The Album\"\nThe Fate of the Furious: The Album The Fate of the Furious: The Album is the soundtrack album to \"\"The Fate of the Furious\"\". It was released on April 14, 2017, by the Artist Publishing Group, Atlantic Records and Universal Music Group, in conjunction of the film's US theatrical release. It was promoted by six singles: \"\"Go Off\"\", \"\"Hey Ma\"\", \"\"Good Life\"\", \"\"Gang Up\"\", \"\"Horses\"\", and \"\"Candy Paint\"\". The first single of the album \"\"Go Off\"\", was released on March 2, 2017. The song was performed by Lil Uzi Vert, Quavo and Travis Scott. The second single, \"\"Hey Ma\"\", was",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "9607357",
"chunk_text": "\"The Fate of the Furious: The Album\"\nThe Fate of the Furious: The Album The Fate of the Furious: The Album is the soundtrack album to \"\"The Fate of the Furious\"\". It was released on April 14, 2017, by the Artist Publishing Group, Atlantic Records and Universal Music Group, in conjunction of the film's US theatrical release. It was promoted by six singles: \"\"Go Off\"\", \"\"Hey Ma\"\", \"\"Good Life\"\", \"\"Gang Up\"\", \"\"Horses\"\", and \"\"Candy Paint\"\". The first single of the album \"\"Go Off\"\", was released on March 2, 2017. The song was performed by Lil Uzi Vert, Quavo and Travis Scott. The second single, \"\"Hey Ma\"\", was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Jungle Rules\"\nreleased on August 24, 2018. On July 11, 2017, \"\"Jump\"\" featuring American rapper Travis Scott, was released as a promotional single. \"\"Jungle Rules\"\" received generally favorable reviews from critics upon release. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 68, based on 8 reviews. Sheldon Pearce of \"\"Pitchfork\"\" commented that \"\"\"\"Jungle Rules\"\" doesn't answer any of the questions that have circled French Montana his entire career, chiefly: Can he be a leading man and can he be as interesting on wax as he is in the",
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"chunk_id": "7734653",
"chunk_text": "\"Climate Change (album)\"\nClimate Change (album) Climate Change is the tenth studio album by rapper and songwriter Pitbull. It was released on March 17, 2017. through RCA Records, Polo Grounds Music and Mr. 305 Inc. It features Enrique Iglesias, Flo Rida, Jennifer Lopez, Jason Derulo, and LunchMoney Lewis. Despite the delay of release date, Pitbull announced the album would be released on March 17, 2017, on Twitter. \"\"Can't Have\"\", \"\"Options\"\" and \"\"Greenlight\"\" were released as singles off the album. In October 2016, he said \"\"As of right now, we’re looking at 2017, but you never know. Album (release dates) always change. Right now",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "1916946",
"chunk_text": "\"Yo La Tengo\"\nYo La Tengo Yo La Tengo (often abbreviated as YLT) is an American indie rock band formed in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1984. Since 1992, the lineup has consisted of Ira Kaplan (guitars, piano, vocals), Georgia Hubley (drums, piano, vocals), and James McNew (bass, vocals). In 2015, original guitarist Dave Schramm rejoined the band and appears on their fourteenth album, \"\"Stuff Like That There\"\". Despite achieving limited mainstream success, Yo La Tengo has been called \"\"the quintessential critics' band\"\" and maintains a strong cult following. Though they mostly play original material, Yo La Tengo is renowned for its wide repertoire",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "2791309",
"chunk_text": "\"Sicario: Day of the Soldado\"\nUnited States on June 29, 2018, by Sony Pictures Releasing under its Columbia Pictures label, while it was distributed internationally by Lionsgate. The film is dedicated to the memory of Jóhann Jóhannsson, the composer of the first film, who died in February 2018. It received generally favorable reviews from critics, who called it a \"\"brutal-but-worthy\"\" follow-up to the first film, and praised Brolin and del Toro's performances, although some disliked the pacing and lack of reason for a sequel. A suicide bombing in a Kansas City grocery store kills fifteen people. The United States government responds by authorizing CIA agent",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12168707",
"chunk_text": "\"El Ten Eleven\"\ntheir sixth studio album, Fast Forward via social media accounts. The album was released on August 21, 2015. Coinciding with the album's release, the band also planned a tour across the United States in support of the album following its release, including locations across the United States such as New York, Atlanta, California, and more. In 2017 and 2018, the band has been supporting Peter Hook and the Light on some of their concert dates. On June 1, 2018, the band announced their new album \"\"Banker's Hill\"\", to be released on August 10, 2018. Dunn and Fogarty used to be",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Total Xanarchy\"\non November 3, 2017. Its music video was released on October 31, 2017. The album's fourth single, \"\"Wake Up\"\" was released on December 27, 2017. The Cole Bennett-directed music video was released on December 30, 2017. The album's lead promotional single, \"\"Betrayed (Remix)\"\" with Yo Gotti and Rich the Kid was released on March 15, 2018. The album's second promotional single, \"\"The Man\"\" featuring Steven Cannon was released on March 30, 2018, along with the Steve King-directed music video. On December 18, 2017, Lil Xan announced an official headlining concert tour to further promote the album titled \"\"Total Xanarchy Tour\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "9008094",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear Chaos\"\nin nine dates across Mexico, including Force Fest in Guadalajara, Jalisco. On March 16, 2017, the band announced Unite as their second album's title. The first single, \"\"Remain in the Darkness\"\", was released via YouTube on May 15. On May 2, 2017, the band announced the departure of both Chanona brothers due to personal and professional interests. On July 17, the band presented their new lineup, with Lou Alpízar as bassist and Rubén Vega as drummer. On November 7, the band released tracklist for \"\"Unite\"\", and announced the album's release date for February, 2018. The album will feature collaborations by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20945799",
"chunk_text": "\"Trench (album)\"\nThe album was preceded by the release of four singles. The first two, \"\"Jumpsuit\"\" and \"\"Nico and the Niners\"\", were both released on July 11, 2018. The third single \"\"Levitate\"\" was released on August 8, 2018. The fourth single, \"\"My Blood\"\", was released August 27, 2018. To promote the album, The Bandito Tour began at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee on October 16, 2018, and will continue through June 30, 2019, ending at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. \"\"Trench\"\" received acclaim from critics, who applauded its lyrical content, cohesiveness, and musical diversity; many recognized it as the band's",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "11013815",
"chunk_text": "\"The Coup\"\nto turn the script into the film \"\"Sorry to Bother You\"\", which was released in theaters by Annapurna Pictures on July 6, 2018. The film, which follows a young African-American telemarketer who adopts a white accent in order to thrive at his job, stars Lakeith Stanfield, with Armie Hammer, Tessa Thompson, Terry Crews, and Danny Glover in supporting roles. Having taken six years after their last album, The Coup recorded a full soundtrack to the film, entitled \"\"The Soundtrack to Sorry to Bother You\"\", and released the first single, \"\"OYAHYTT (feat. Lakeith Stanfield)\"\", on July 13, 2018. Among other things,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
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"chunk_id": "16968447",
"chunk_text": "\"Ye (album)\"\nYe (album) Ye (; stylized as ye) is the eponymous eighth studio album by American rapper Kanye West. It was released on June 1, 2018, by GOOD Music and Def Jam Recordings. Following controversy surrounding his sociopolitical views, West re-wrote and recorded all the work on the album, completing it over the course of just two weeks at his ranch in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. It is his first studio album in two years since the release of \"\"The Life of Pablo\"\" in 2016. The album features guest vocals by PartyNextDoor, Ty Dolla Sign, Kid Cudi, Jeremih and 070 Shake, among",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19559422",
"chunk_text": "\"Drogas Wave\"\nDrogas Wave Drogas Wave (stylized as DROGAS WAVE) is the seventh studio album by American hip hop recording artist Lupe Fiasco, released by 1st and 15th Productions and Thirty Tigers on September 21, 2018. This album is a follow-up to his 2017 album, \"\"Drogas Light\"\". Lupe Fiasco announced the album on September 13, 2018, revealing its release date, cover art and track listing via Twitter. The album is the second part of a planned trilogy of albums, with \"\"Drogas Light\"\" as its predecessor followed by \"\"Skulls\"\", and was slated for a 2016 release with the two albums. In a 2018",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "6679035",
"chunk_text": "\"Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot\"\njoined the cast of the film. Principal photography began on March 6, 2017 and concluded on April 6, 2017. In March 2017, it was confirmed Amazon Studios would distribute the film. It had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2018 and also screened at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 20, 2018. It was scheduled to be released on May 11, 2018, then was pushed back to July 13, 2018. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 76% based on 157 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.7/10. The",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "15845306",
"chunk_text": "\"LA 92 (film)\"\nLA 92 (film) LA 92 is a 2017 American documentary film about the 1992 Los Angeles riots, directed by Daniel Lindsay and T. J. Martin. It premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 21, 2017, opened in theaters on April 28, 2017 and aired on National Geographic Channel on April 30, 2017. Consisting entirely of archival footage, the documentary chronicles the 1992 Los Angeles riots after 25 years have passed. It includes film and video from the 1965 Watts Riots, the 1973 election of Tom Bradley, the 1978 promotion of Daryl Gates, the shooting of Latasha Harlins, the and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "2088559",
"chunk_text": "\"Insane Clown Posse\"\nThe album features Violent J on the song \"\"\"\"Foggin' Up The Window\"\"\"\" and DJ Clay on the bonus track (only available digitally) \"\"\"\"Awww Shit\"\"\"\". The album was released on May 26, 2017 and charted on the Billboard 200 at #72, Independent at #1, R&B/Hip-Hop at #39, Top Album Sales at #18 and Artist 100 at #96. On September 16, 2017, an estimated 1500 Juggalos gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial to organize a concert and all day rally in protest of their gang classification, and \"\"class-based discrimination by law enforcement\"\". Insane Clown Posse's performance style is often described as",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "15815128",
"chunk_text": "BuyBust\nand Curtis and Vera were cast as leads the following year. On a budget of ₱86 million, principal photography began in March 2017. The film premiered at the New York Asian Film Festival (NYAFF) on June 29, 2018, had a wide Philippine release on August 1 and a limited North American release on August 10. Critical reception to the film was generally favorable, attaining praise for its action scenes, theme, technical aspects, and Curtis' against-type performance. It grossed ₱97 million worldwide. Due to the Philippine Drug War, most of the country's barangays have been drug free. Drug dealer Teban (Alex",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18951224",
"chunk_text": "\"Riot (video game)\"\nRiot (video game) Riot is a 2017 indie video game about a riot simulator based on real events. The project started with an Indiegogo campaign in February 2014, which ended in a success. The developers went silent until 2014, whereupon the goal of the \"\"second half of 2014\"\" was predicted. The game was released on December 6, 2017 for Steam's early access. The director of the game and previously an editor and cinematographer at Valve, Leonard Menchiari, has experienced riots personally and the game \"\"Riot\"\" was created as a way to express it and to tell the stories of these",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17303294",
"chunk_text": "\"El Anillo\"\nEl Anillo \"\"El Anillo\"\" (; ) is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. It was written and produced by Édgar \"\"Edge\"\" Barrera, Andrés Castro, Oscar \"\"Oscarcito\"\" Hernández and Jesús \"\"DalePlay\"\" Herrera, while vocal production was handled by Steve Mackey and Hernández. The song was released digitally on April 26, 2018, by Nuyorican Productions and Sony Music Latin. Lopez began dating former baseball player Alex Rodriguez in February 2017. Oscar \"\"Oscarcito\"\" Hernández, who had co-written Lopez's previous Spanish singles \"\"Ni Tú Ni Yo\"\" and \"\"Amor, Amor, Amor\"\" (both released in 2017), came to her with an idea for a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17453088",
"chunk_text": "\"Jeff Zimbalist\"\na Hollywood Reporter and Indiewire Critics Choice best of the festival. Nossa Chape was released theatrically in the US on June 1, 2018 by Fox and broadcast premiered during the World Cup on Fox June 23, 2018. It has a 92% Rotten Tomatoes critics score and a 100% audience score. Nossa Chape won Best Picture at the 2018 Los Angeles Film Awards, where Momentum Generation won Best Inspirational Film, and the Zimbalist Brother's feature documentary Give Us This Day, tracking 3 police officers and 3 residents in the highest homicide rate city in the U.S., won the Best Director honor.",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "742217",
"chunk_text": "\"Mi Vida Local\"\nMi Vida Local Mi Vida Local is the ninth studio album by American hip hop group Atmosphere. It was released on October 5, 2018 by Rhymesayers Entertainment, and was supported by the lead single \"\"Virgo\"\", as well as an accompanying 35-date album tour with supporting acts Lioness and Dem Atlas, who are featured on the track \"\"Drown\"\". The second single \"\"Jerome\"\" was debuted the same date as the album. The album reflects on middle-aged life and features live instrumentation and 808 beats. The album was announced along with a press release that stated it \"\"reflects the ways in which the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "3915670",
"chunk_text": "\"No Lo Veían Venir\"\nNo Lo Veían Venir No Lo Veían Venir is the debut mixtape by Mexican rapper Gibsai. It was released on November 03, 2017, by Loudness Music Group and Rompe Bajo Records. It features guest appearances from Neztor MVL, Eanz and Lugo. \"\"No Lo Veían Venir\"\" debuted exclusive on HHGroups a Spanish language mixtape site on October 31, and received positive critical reviews from critics. \"\"No Lo Veían Venir\"\" was released on November 03, 2017, for purchase on iTunes and Google Play, and for streaming on Apple Music, Spotify, Deezer, Google Play and Tidal. Credits were adapted from the album's liner",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1905631",
"chunk_text": "\"Juarez 2045\"\nJuarez 2045 Juarez 2045 (also known as Cartel 2045) is a 2017 American science fiction action adventure film directed by Chris Le and produced by Rocky Mudaliar. It stars Danny Trejo, Brad Schmidt and Alex Heartman in lead roles. \"\"Juarez 2045\"\" was released on April 1, 2017 in theaters in Sandy, Utah, near Salt Lake City. The film was later released on video on demand on May 1, 2018 under the title \"\"Cartel 2045\"\". The story is set in year 2045. The war on drugs in Mexico has escalated as a ruthless drug Cartel use robots to enforce their operations.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12312226",
"chunk_text": "\"Vic Mensa\"\nwas released on July 28, 2017, through Roc Nation. The album featured guest appearances from Weezer, Syd, The-Dream, Chief Keef, Joey Purp, Pharrell Williams, Saul Williams, Ty Dolla Sign, and Pusha T. The album debuted at number 27 on the US \"\"Billboard 200\"\" chart with first-week sales of 15,000 copies first week. In October 2018, as part of his BET Hip Hop Awards Cypher, Mensa dissed late rapper XXXTentacion, referencing his domestic abuse charges. Subsequently he received backlash on social media as well as from other artists. Vic's latest EP, \"\"Hooligans\"\", was released on December 14, 2018. In interviews with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5041954",
"chunk_text": "\"30 de Febrero\"\n30 de Febrero 30 de Febrero is the sixth studio album by Mexican American duo Ha*Ash. It was released on December 1, 2017 by Sony Music Mexico. The album features artists Prince Royce and Abraham Mateo. On January 13, 2018 it was confirmed that Ha*Ash will be holding concerts for their new recent album. They will perform once again at the Auditorio Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez on April 27, 2018. They will set to tour in March 2018 for their tour as well. The first single from the album is \"\"100 Años\"\" with Prince Royce. A music video for the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17066533",
"chunk_text": "\"Painful (album)\"\nPainful (album) Painful is the sixth studio album by American indie rock band Yo La Tengo, released in 1993 by record label Matador, their first for the label. The album marked a creative shift from Yo La Tengo's previous work, blending atmospheric and ambient sounds with their famous noise jams. \"\"Painful\"\" features a much more melody-driven Yo La Tengo in its hazy, dream-like songwriting. Two versions of the track \"\"Big Day Coming\"\" are present on the album and display the range of musical stylings Yo La Tengo works with; the first version features a simple organ melody accompanied by a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3612336",
"chunk_text": "\"Adaptación\"\nwill be a \"\"deluxe\"\" version will feature three \"\"bonus tracks\"\" (\"\"War of Love\"\", \"\"Prisionero Sin Palabras\"\" and \"\"Sigo Viendo\"\"). Two songs are in English (\"\"Child\"\" and \"\"Soul Chauffeur\"\"). Originally there were plans for three, but the label asked that one be adapted into Spanish (\"\"Guerras de Amor\"\"). On January 18, 2016, the album premiered on Latin American radio with the album's first single, \"\"Ya No Estás\"\". A few weeks later, the band followed with the release of the video for \"\"Ya No Estás,\"\" which was staged at the renowned hotel-casino of San Francisco de Mostazal (Chile). The video, directed by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4211381",
"chunk_text": "\"30 de Febrero\"\nreleased the same day the album dropped. 30 de Febrero 30 de Febrero is the sixth studio album by Mexican American duo Ha*Ash. It was released on December 1, 2017 by Sony Music Mexico. The album features artists Prince Royce and Abraham Mateo. On January 13, 2018 it was confirmed that Ha*Ash will be holding concerts for their new recent album. They will perform once again at the Auditorio Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez on April 27, 2018. They will set to tour in March 2018 for their tour as well. The first single from the album is \"\"100 Años\"\" with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2356155",
"chunk_text": "\"Update (Yandel album)\"\nand Colombian producers Sky, The Rude Boys, and Bullnene. Tainy, Haze, and Jumbo produced five, four, and two tracks, respectively. Sky produced two songs, while The Rude Boys, Bullnene, DJ Luian and Mambo Kingz produced or co-produced one track on the album. The record was mastered by Mike Fuller at his studio Fullersound in Florida, USA. \"\"Update\"\" was released on September 8, 2017 under Sony Music Latin. In the United States, the album debuted at number 108 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 and at number 2 on the Top Latin Albums chart with 6,000 album-equivalent units, from which 2,000 copies were",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1039848",
"chunk_text": "\"Tini (album)\"\nand \"\"Violetta\"\" co-star Jorge Blanco, was released. On April 29, 2016, the day of the album's release, the music video for \"\"Yo Te Amo a Tí\"\", performed together by Stoessel and Blanco, was released. On May 6, 2016, the music video for \"\"Losing the Love\"\" was released. On July 8, 2016, the music video for \"\"Great Escape\"\" was released, featuring Spanish model Pepe Barroso Silva. On December 8, 2016, the music video for \"\"Got Me Started\"\" was released. The Spanish version, \"\"Ya No Hay Nadie Que Nos Pare\"\" (featuring Sebastian Yatra), was released on January 19, 2017. On May 5,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_id": "3135661",
"chunk_text": "\"Soy Suspenso\"\nsuch is the case as Germany, India, Spain, Colombia, United States, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Hungary, Peru. The band released their 3rd full-length studio album named \"\"Tiene Que Ser Ahora\"\" worldwide on YouTube, Spotify and many other digital stores on February 28, 2017, also adding Jeronimo Sarmiento to the permanent band line-up. In June 2018 the band announced their permanent breakup via Facebook due to creative differences, leaving Omar focused on his solo career as Ace Midas, Jero on his main band Enjoy the Last Sunrise and the remaining members on other personal projects. On June 13, 2018 Omar released",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "9590402",
"chunk_text": "\"L.A. Noire\"\nformer Team Bondi employees, the game was released on 15 December 2017. \"\"L.A. Noire\"\" features an original score. The game's score accompanies the gameplay, alerting players at specific times. Like other games published by Rockstar, \"\"L.A. Noire\"\" also contains licensed music tracks provided by an in-game radio. Over thirty songs, from artists such as Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald, feature in the game. To work on the score, the team engaged Andrew Hale and Simon Hale, as well as Woody Jackson, who had previously collaborated with the team on \"\"Red Dead Redemption\"\" (2010). Recorded at Abbey Road Studios,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "12076672",
"chunk_text": "CNCO\naccompanied the songs' releases. On April 6, 2018, the boyband released their highly-anticipated second self-titled album, \"\"CNCO\"\". It debuted at number one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Top Latin Albums and entered at number 33 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200, succeeding their debut, \"\"Primera Cita\"\". The group released \"\"Sólo Yo\"\", along with its music video, to celebrate the album's release. The music video for the fifth single \"\"Se Vuelve Loca\"\" was made available on July 19, with a Spanglish version being released for digital download and streaming several hours later. It reached number one on the Latin Pop Songs Chart in October 2018.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "568938",
"chunk_text": "\"No eres tú, soy yo\"\nill. The main filming sites were the Inner Circuit, some zones in Pedregal de San Ángel (Jardines del Pedregal) and the Colonia del Valle and Colonia Narvarte neighborhoods in Mexico City. The first promotional poster debuted 12 May 2010, showing the film's title over a red, torn background and the lone phrase, \"\"Coming Soon\"\" on its lower border. A little over one month later, on 15 June, the final poster was launched, with images of Derbez and Barros. The film premiered 17 August 2010 in the complex Cinemark Reforma 222 theatre in the Federal District, and went on to open",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "16971482",
"chunk_text": "\"Gotti (2018 film)\"\nand MoviePass Ventures, after premiering at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival. \"\"Gotti\"\" was panned by critics, who lamented the writing, aesthetics, and performances, although its use of makeup received some praise. Travolta's performance received mixed reviews. It is one of the few films to hold an approval rating of 0% on the website Rotten Tomatoes. The main theme from the film, \"\"Amore\"\", performed by American rapper Pitbull and British singer Leona Lewis, was released on June 15, 2018. The film chronicles the three-decade reign of crime boss John Gotti, and his rise as the head of the Gambino Crime Family",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "6765466",
"chunk_text": "\"Yo La Tengo\"\nof cover songs both in live performance and on record. Ira Kaplan and Georgia Hubley formed the band as a couple in 1984. They chose the name \"\"Yo La Tengo\"\" (Spanish for \"\"I have it\"\"; or referring to a female-gender object or person, also \"\"I've Got Her\"\") in an effort to avoid any connotations in English. The name came from a baseball anecdote. During the 1962 season, New York Mets center fielder Richie Ashburn and Venezuelan shortstop Elio Chacón found themselves colliding in the outfield. When Ashburn went for a catch, he would scream, \"\"I got it! I got it!\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "1100143",
"chunk_text": "\"No Dejemos Que se Apague\"\nNo Dejemos Que se Apague \"\"No Dejemos Que Se Apague\"\" () is Wisin & Yandel's lead single from the album \"\"\"\", released on December 21, 2010. It features American rapper 50 Cent and R&B singer T-Pain. This is the second time that the duo has worked with 50 Cent and the second time working with T-Pain on a song. The music video for the song was filmed in October 2010. It was directed by Jessy Terrero, premiered through their website on December 17, 2010. The music video shows similarity to Lil Wayne's music video for \"\"Got Money\"\" which also features",
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18239136",
"chunk_text": "\"Zild Benitez\"\npart of their prize. They also won the Favorite New Group award at the 30th annual Awit Awards. The band is currently in the studio working on their debut full-length album. On May 5, 2018, the band announced on their official social media accounts that lead vocalist Unique Salonga had left in order to pursue \"\"personal endeavors\"\". On July 13, 2018, the song \"\"In My Prison\"\" was released simultaneously on Spotify and YouTube. It is the band's first single after Salonga's departure, with Benitez taking over as lead vocalist. They released their sixth single \"\"Bata, Dahan-Dahan!\"\" on September 14, 2018.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_977
|
what is the order of the netflix marvel shows?
|
n/a
|
[
"Marvel's Iron Fist",
"Marvel's Daredevil",
"Marvel's The Punisher",
"Marvel's Jessica Jones",
"Marvel's The Defenders",
"Marvel's Luke Cage"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5694272",
"chunk_text": "Netflix\n9, 2017, season 5 was premiered and the sixth season premiered on July 27, 2018. In November 2013, Netflix and Marvel Television announced a five-season deal to produce live action Marvel superhero-focused series: Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist and Luke Cage. The deal involves the release of four 13-episode seasons that culminate in a mini-series called \"\"The Defenders\"\". \"\"Daredevil\"\" and \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" premiered in 2015. The \"\"Luke Cage\"\" series premiered on September 30, 2016, followed by \"\"Iron Fist\"\" on March 17, 2017 and \"\"The Defenders\"\" on August 18, 2017. In April 2016 the Netflix series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1566271",
"chunk_text": "\"Daredevil (TV series)\"\nderived from Paesano's original demo for the series, which he submitted during the auditioning process. Paesano noted that it is rare for such material to be incorporated into a final score like this. A soundtrack album for the first season was released digtally on April 27, 2015, for the second season on July 15, 2016, and for the third season on October 19, 2018. \"\"Daredevil\"\" is the first of the ordered Netflix series, and is followed by \"\"Marvel's Jessica Jones\"\", \"\"Marvel's Luke Cage\"\", and \"\"Marvel's Iron Fist\"\", which lead to the miniseries, \"\"Marvel's The Defenders\"\". In November 2013, Disney CEO",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1566279",
"chunk_text": "\"Daredevil (TV series)\"\nwatch the series in chronological order by release, rather starting with \"\"Jessica Jones\"\", then \"\"Daredevil\"\", \"\"Luke Cage\"\" and finally \"\"Iron Fist\"\". Todd Yellin, Netflix's vice president of product innovation, noted that audiences watch the series \"\"in order of how they're interested in them and how they learn about them.\"\" Netflix's data also showed that a viewer watching \"\"Daredevil\"\" would most often then move on to \"\"Jessica Jones\"\", and vice versa, while other series \"\"with antiheroes and themes of moral ambiguity\"\" such as \"\"Bloodline\"\", \"\"Breaking Bad\"\", \"\"Dexter\"\" and \"\"House of Cards\"\" led viewers to starting \"\"Daredevil\"\". In October 2018, Crimson Hexagon,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20985603",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Television\"\nfemale-focused show. By November 2017, Disney was developing a Marvel series specifically for release on its new Disney+ streaming service, which it planned to launch before the end of 2019. By March 2018, the Deadpool series was no longer in development. In May 2018, ABC cancelled \"\"Inhumans\"\" after one season. By September, Allan Heinberg began developing a Marvel series for ABC about female superheroes. In October, Netflix cancelled both \"\"Iron Fist\"\" and \"\"Luke Cage\"\", each after two seasons, followed by the cancellation of \"\"Daredevil\"\" in November after three seasons. All series are part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe unless otherwise",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20985597",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Television\"\npilot, FX had ordered several scripts and that it would not take place in the established \"\"X-Men\"\" film universe but in a parallel universe instead. Should the series be picked up, it would consist of 10 episodes and is expected to air in 2016. In April 2016, the ABC-owned network Freeform greenlit \"\"Cloak & Dagger\"\" with a straight-to-series order as Marvel's first work with ABC Signature. The series, which is set in the MCU, premiered in 2018. At the end of the month, Marvel and Netflix officially picked up the series, \"\"The Punisher\"\", with Bernthal attached to reprise his role",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20985590",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Television\"\nPeggy Carter, with \"\"Deadline\"\" reporting it was one of several series in development at Marvel. By October 2013, Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. In November 2013, it was announced that Disney would provide Netflix with live-action series starting in 2015, based on Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. Responding to the Netflix announcement, Disney CEO Bob Iger said that Daredevil, Luke Cage, Iron Fist",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "750581",
"chunk_text": "\"Daredevil (TV series)\"\nHollywood\"\" reported that Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon and WGN America expressing interest. A few weeks later, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. This format was chosen due to the success of \"\"Marvel's The Avengers\"\", for which the characters of Iron Man, The Hulk, Captain America, and Thor were all",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6641850",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\n14,000 production-related hires. In October 2018, Netflix canceled \"\"Iron Fist\"\" after two seasons, with \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" reporting that Disney was considering reviving the series on its streaming service Disney+. Sarandos confirmed that the series were Netflix's to renew or cancel if they wished, and the company was \"\"super happy with [the other series'] performance so far\"\". Despite this, \"\"Luke Cage\"\" was canceled by the streamer a week after \"\"Iron Fist\"\" was. \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" reported there were no plans to revive the series on Disney+ as with \"\"Iron Fist\"\". Shortly after, at the end of November 2018, Netflix canceled \"\"Daredevil\"\" after",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13066155",
"chunk_text": "\"Luke Cage (TV series)\"\nthe Marvel Netflix series. The data, which came from Netflix's \"\"1,300 'taste communities' around the world, where subscribers are grouped based on what they watch\"\", showed that viewers would not watch the series in chronological order by release, rather starting with \"\"Jessica Jones\"\", then \"\"Daredevil\"\", \"\"Luke Cage\"\" and finally \"\"Iron Fist\"\". Todd Yellin, Netflix's vice president of product innovation, noted that audiences watch the series \"\"in order of how they're interested in them and how they learn about them.\"\" Netflix's data also showed that a viewer watching \"\"Luke Cage\"\" would most often then move on to \"\"Iron Fist\"\", with Yellin",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1566288",
"chunk_text": "\"Daredevil (TV series)\"\nand that many of the cast and crew felt the series would last for five seasons, with a new antagonist in the fourth before a final showdown between Daredevil and Fisk in the fifth. Daredevil (TV series) Marvel's Daredevil, or simply Daredevil, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that lead to \"\"The Defenders\"\" crossover miniseries. The series is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18372775",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\nInternational, noted that, while it had not yet been discussed, it was a possibility that Disney+ could revive the cancelled Netflix series. In August 2016, Marvel announced that \"\"Marvel's Runaways\"\" had received a pilot order from Hulu, eventually receiving a 10 episode order the following May. That July, Loeb confirmed the series would take place in the MCU saying, \"\"It all lives in the same world, how it's connected and where it's connected and what it's going to be connected to remains to be seen.\"\" He added that the characters would not be concerned with the actions of other in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17420582",
"chunk_text": "\"Superhero fiction\"\n\"\"Inhumans\"\", \"\"Runaways\"\" and \"\"Cloak & Dagger\"\" are part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Netflix series include \"\"Daredevil\"\", \"\"Jessica Jones\"\", \"\"Luke Cage\"\", \"\"Iron Fist\"\", \"\"The Defenders\"\" and \"\"The Punisher\"\". \"\"The Gifted\"\" and \"\"Legion\"\" are part of the \"\"X-Men\"\" universe. Tokusatsu series include \"\"Ultraman\"\", \"\"Ultraman Tiga\"\", \"\"Spectreman\"\" and \"\"Kamen Rider\"\". U.S. adaptations include \"\"VR Troopers\"\", \"\"Big Bad Beetleborgs\"\", \"\"Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad\"\", \"\"Masked Rider\"\" and \"\"\"\". Parodies include \"\"Tattooed Teenage Alien Fighters from Beverly Hills\"\", \"\"Sport Ranger\"\" and \"\"Mighty Moshin' Emo Rangers\"\". Vampire superhero series include \"\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\"\", \"\"Angel\"\", \"\"Forever Knight\"\" and \"\"Moonlight\"\". Werewolf superhero series include \"\"She-Wolf of London\"\", \"\"Werewolf\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "750574",
"chunk_text": "\"Daredevil (TV series)\"\nDaredevil (TV series) Marvel's Daredevil, or simply Daredevil, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that lead to \"\"The Defenders\"\" crossover miniseries. The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with DeKnight Productions for the first season and Goddard Textiles for the first and second. Steven S. DeKnight serves as showrunner on the first season,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6641816",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\nto appear across all its different media. The first film released in the MCU was \"\"Iron Man\"\" (2008), which began the first phase of films culminating in the crossover film \"\"Marvel's The Avengers\"\" (2012). Phase Two began with \"\"Iron Man 3\"\" (2013), and concluded with \"\"Ant-Man\"\" (2015). The films are currently in Phase Three, which began with the release of \"\"\"\" (2016) and is set to conclude with \"\"\"\" (2019). Marvel Television expanded the universe further, first to network television with \"\"Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\" on ABC in the 2013–14 television season, followed by online streaming with \"\"Marvel's Daredevil\"\" on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18125574",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Television\"\nApril 2017, Freeform announced a straight-to-series order for the half-hour live action series, \"\"Marvel's New Warriors\"\", with the first season, consisting of 10 episodes, set to air in 2018. In May 2017, Hulu ordered \"\"Runaways\"\" to series with 10 episodes, to premiere on November 21, 2017. In November 2016, Marvel Television and IMAX Corporation announced \"\"Inhumans\"\", to be produced in conjunction with ABC Studios, and to air on ABC. The series, which is co-financed by IMAX and saw the first two episodes and select subsequent action sequences filmed with IMAX digital cameras, had versions of the first two episodes be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13062985",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Fist (TV series)\"\ndemographics for \"\"Iron Fist\"\" in August 2017, noting that the series has attracted mainly younger viewers. Also in the month, Netflix released viewing patterns for the Marvel Netflix series. The data, which came from Netflix's \"\"1,300 'taste communities' around the world, where subscribers are grouped based on what they watch\"\", showed that viewers would not watch the series in chronological order by release, rather starting with \"\"Jessica Jones\"\", then \"\"Daredevil\"\", \"\"Luke Cage\"\" and finally \"\"Iron Fist\"\". Todd Yellin, Netflix’s vice president of product innovation, noted that audiences watch the series \"\"in order of how they're interested in them and how",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5297895",
"chunk_text": "\"Jessica Jones (TV series)\"\nreleased digitally on June 3, 2016. Jamie Forsyth also contributed to the music of the first season. A soundtrack album for the second season was released digitally on March 16, 2018. \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" is the second of the ordered Netflix series, after \"\"Daredevil\"\", and was followed by \"\"Luke Cage\"\" and \"\"Marvel's Iron Fist\"\", which led to the miniseries, \"\"The Defenders\"\". In November 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that, if the characters prove popular on Netflix, \"\"It's quite possible that they could become feature films,\"\" which Sarandos echoed in July 2015. In August 2014, Vincent D'Onofrio, who played Wilson Fisk",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10025206",
"chunk_text": "\"The Defenders (miniseries)\"\non different characters. The Defenders (miniseries) Marvel's The Defenders, or simply The Defenders, is an American web television miniseries created by Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez for Netflix, based on the Marvel Comics characters Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist, who form the eponymous superhero team. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the culmination of a series of interconnected shows from Marvel and Netflix. The miniseries is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, Nine and a Half Fingers, Inc., and Goddard Textiles,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13066202",
"chunk_text": "\"The Defenders (miniseries)\"\nthrough an on-set photograph as NYPD Captain Irving Forbush, the same photograph seen in previous Marvel Netflix series. The Aeolus Quartet also cameo as themselves, performing Johannes Brahms' First String Quartet for Alexandra. In October 2013, \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" reported that Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. A few weeks later, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13066198",
"chunk_text": "\"The Defenders (miniseries)\"\nThe Defenders (miniseries) Marvel's The Defenders, or simply The Defenders, is an American web television miniseries created by Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez for Netflix, based on the Marvel Comics characters Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist, who form the eponymous superhero team. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the culmination of a series of interconnected shows from Marvel and Netflix. The miniseries is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, Nine and a Half Fingers, Inc., and Goddard Textiles, with Ramirez serving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18372763",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\nto provide Netflix with live-action series based on Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that Netflix was chosen to air the shows, \"\"when Disney realized it could use the streaming service as a way to grow the popularity of the characters\"\". He added that, if the characters prove popular, they could become feature films. Loeb later stated that Marvel was not \"\"interested in making four pilots and then hoping someday that they could all get together. Netflix really understood what it is we wanted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16629051",
"chunk_text": "\"Jessica Jones (TV series)\"\nthat Marvel did that was meant to serve an adult audience. I toned it down a little bit for network, but it's very, very easy to translate that into cable. Very easy.\"\" In October 2013, \"\"Deadline\"\" reported that Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. A few weeks later, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Jessica Jones, Daredevil, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9803720",
"chunk_text": "\"The Punisher (TV series)\"\nThe Punisher (TV series) Marvel's The Punisher, or simply The Punisher, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Steve Lightfoot, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise, and is a spin-off of \"\"Marvel's Daredevil\"\". The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios and Bohemian Risk Productions, with Lightfoot serving as showrunner. The series revolves around Frank Castle, who uses lethal methods to fight crime as the vigilante \"\"the Punisher\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18125565",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Television\"\nand Jessica Jones may appear on film if their shows are successful and that another outlet was chosen as ABC and Disney XD could not handle all Marvel shows. Disney will spend approximately $200 million in financing for the series. The four Netflix shows are set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was also revealed in November 2013 that the Hulk project first announced in 2012 had been shelved, with Loeb saying, when \"\"we saw what Joss Whedon and Mark Ruffalo were creating in \"\"The Avengers\"\", that was a better solution.\"\" On May 8, 2014, ABC officially renewed \"\"Agents of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1566245",
"chunk_text": "\"Daredevil (TV series)\"\nfor a third season, which was released on October 19, 2018. A spin-off series, centered on Bernthal's character Frank Castle / Punisher and titled \"\"Marvel's The Punisher\"\", was ordered by Netflix in April 2016, and released in November 2017. On November 29, 2018, Netflix canceled the series after three seasons. The first season sees lawyer-by-day Matt Murdock use his heightened senses from being blinded as a young boy to fight crime at night on the streets of New York City Hell's Kitchen neighborhood as Daredevil, while uncovering a conspiracy of the criminal underworld being led by Wilson Fisk. In the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19673466",
"chunk_text": "\"Jessica Jones (TV series)\"\nsome viewership demographics for \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" in August 2017, noting that the series has attracted a large amount of female viewers. Also in the month, Netflix released viewing patterns for the Marvel Netflix series. The data, which came from Netflix's \"\"1,300 'taste communities' around the world, where subscribers are grouped based on what they watch\"\", showed that viewers would not watch the series in chronological order by release, rather starting with \"\"Jessica Jones\"\", then \"\"Daredevil\"\", \"\"Luke Cage\"\" and finally \"\"Iron Fist\"\". Todd Yellin, Netflix's vice president of product innovation, noted that audiences watch the series \"\"in order of how they're",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8681040",
"chunk_text": "\"The Punisher (TV series)\"\nPunisher\"\" from pushing the boundaries of Marvel's TV universe with a fresh take on the comics-derived action thriller.\"\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 55 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". The Punisher (TV series) Marvel's The Punisher, or simply The Punisher, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Steve Lightfoot, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise, and is a spin-off of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "934632",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe tie-in comics\"\nFiles\"\", and \"\"Nick Fury: Spies Like Us\"\", all in 2008. They were followed by an adaptation of \"\"Iron Man\"\" in 2010, along with \"\"Iron Man 2: Fist of Iron\"\" (2010), \"\"Iron Man 2: Public Identity\"\" (2010), \"\"Iron Man 2: Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\" (2010), \"\"Captain America: First Vengeance\"\" (2011), \"\"Captain America & Thor: Avengers\"\" (2011), \"\"The Avengers Prelude: Fury's Big Week\"\" (2012), \"\"The Avengers Initiative\"\" (2012), \"\"The Avengers Prelude: Black Widow Strikes\"\" (2012), and an adaptation of \"\"Iron Man 2\"\" (2012). Comic tie-ins for Marvel's television series began in 2014 with \"\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.: The Chase\"\", followed by \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" (2015).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20555044",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Television\"\nscreened in IMAX beginning September 1, 2017, for two weeks, before premiering on ABC on September 29. In May 2017, Fox ordered the Matt Nix TV series, now titled \"\"The Gifted\"\", to series, and FXX placed a series order for an animated series based on Deadpool, which will be co-produced by Marvel Television, FX Productions and ABC Signature Studios. Donald Glover and his brother Stephen Glover would serve as showrunners, executive producers and writers for the series. In August 2017, senior vice president of original programming Karim Zreik indicated that Marvel Television was working with ABC on a \"\"\"\"Jessica Jones\"\"-esque\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6641817",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\nNetflix in 2015 and \"\"Marvel's Runaways\"\" on Hulu in 2017, and then to cable television with \"\"Marvel's Cloak & Dagger\"\" on Freeform in 2018. Marvel Television has also produced the digital series \"\"\"\", which is a supplement to \"\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D\"\". Soundtrack albums have been released for all of the films, along with many of the television series, as well as the release of compilation albums containing existing music heard in the films. The MCU also includes tie-in comics published by Marvel Comics, while Marvel Studios has also produced a series of direct-to-video short films and a viral marketing campaign",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13062990",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Fist (TV series)\"\nbeen discussed, it was a possibility that Disney+ could revive the series. Iron Fist (TV series) Marvel's Iron Fist, or simply Iron Fist, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Scott Buck, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise and is the fourth in a series of shows that lead to \"\"The Defenders\"\" crossover miniseries. The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Devilina Productions and showrunner Buck for the first season.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6641848",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\npost times. In some cases, when we have characters crossover, it makes it more difficult to manage production. It's not the goal to put out more than one or two [each] year ... The complex one is really \"\"The Defenders\"\". \"\"The Defenders\"\" production schedule will determine a lot of the season 2 and 3 output of those shows.\"\" He also noted on potential spin-offs that \"\"all the characters in the universe could also spin out\"\" into their own series at some point, with Netflix ordering \"\"Marvel's The Punisher\"\", a spin-off from \"\"Daredevil\"\", that April. Sarandos later stated that Netflix was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5757347",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Fist (TV series)\"\nscore for the first season was released by Marvel digitally on March 17, 2017, coinciding with the release of the season. Robert Lydecker composed the score for the second season. \"\"Iron Fist\"\" is the fourth of the ordered Netflix series, after \"\"Marvel's Daredevil\"\", \"\"Jessica Jones\"\" and \"\"Luke Cage\"\", which lead to the miniseries, \"\"The Defenders\"\". In November 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger stated that if the characters prove popular on Netflix, \"\"It’s quite possible that they could become feature films,\"\" which Sarandos echoed in July 2015. In August 2014, Vincent D'Onofrio, Wilson Fisk in \"\"Daredevil\"\", stated that after the \"\"series",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5757337",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Fist (TV series)\"\npresent to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. A few weeks later, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Iron Fist, Daredevil, Jessica Jones, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. In April 2015, the official title was revealed to be \"\"Marvel's Iron Fist\"\". That November, Marvel Television head and executive producer Jeph Loeb addressed unconfirmed rumors that Marvel was having a difficult time balancing Iron Fist's mystical elements in its grounded world, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18125570",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Television\"\nthat 20th Century Fox Television and Marvel Television were developing a series titled \"\"Hellfire Club\"\", based on the secret society from the comics of the same name. In January 2016, Lee stated the \"\"Most Wanted\"\" pilot would begin production \"\"in the next few months\"\" and announced that a second Marvel comedy series was in development in addition to \"\"Damage Control\"\". Also in January, Netflix was in the early stages of developing a Punisher television series starring Jon Bernthal, who appeared in the second season of \"\"Daredevil\"\". More information was revealed regarding the \"\"Legion\"\" series, including that in addition to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18372762",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\n\"\"Game of Thrones\"\" in 2015. Sherwood described it as \"\"a quadruple win—a win for IMAX, a win for Marvel, a win for ABC Studios and a win for ABC to launch a show in an innovative way and get attention\"\" in an increasingly crowded market. Sherwood hoped that this would be the first of \"\"several innovative ways to launch [television] programming.\"\" By October 2013, Marvel was preparing four drama series and a miniseries, totaling 60 episodes, to present to video on demand services and cable providers, with Netflix, Amazon, and WGN America expressing interest. In November 2013, Disney was set",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6641851",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\nthree seasons, with \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" again reporting there was the potential for the series to be revived on Disney+. Conversely, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" felt it was unlikely the series would be revived on Disney+ and also noted the two other remaining series at the time (\"\"Jessica Jones\"\" and \"\"The Punisher\"\") would remain on Netflix \"\"until they run their course\"\". \"\"Variety\"\" added that, per the original deal between Marvel and Netflix for the series, the characters cannot appear in any non-Netflix series or films for at least two years following their cancellation. Kevin A. Mayer, chairman of Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13990814",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Universe\"\nMarvel Universe The Marvel Universe is a fictional universe where the stories in most American comic book titles and other media published by Marvel Entertainment take place. Super-teams such as the Avengers, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Defenders, the Inhumans and other Marvel superheroes live in this universe, including characters such as Spider-Man, Captain America, Iron Man, Thor, Daredevil, The Hulk, Wolverine, Punisher, Moon Knight, Deadpool, Blade, Ghost Rider, Doctor Strange and numerous others. The Marvel Universe is further depicted as existing within a \"\"multiverse\"\" consisting of thousands of separate universes, all of which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18372766",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\nthe neighborhood ... It does take place in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It's all connected. But that doesn't necessarily mean that we would look up in the sky and see [Iron Man]. It's just a different part of New York that we have not yet seen in the Marvel movies.\"\" In January 2015, Netflix COO Ted Sarandos said Netflix planned to release a Marvel series approximately a year apart from each other after \"\"Daredevil\"\"s April 2015 release. A year later, Sarandos noted that the release schedules of the Marvel Netflix series are dependent on the \"\"long production times and long",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6641855",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\n2016, the ABC-owned cable network Freeform announced \"\"Marvel's Cloak & Dagger\"\", based on the characters of the same name, with a straight-to-series order for 2018. The network confirmed that the series would be \"\"its first venture into the Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\", and described the show as a \"\"superhero love story\"\", a premise that \"\"Variety\"\" called \"\"a seamless fit for Freeform\"\" given the network's target audience of \"\"Becomers\"\" (the 14–34 age demographic). This younger-skewing content was continued with the comedy series \"\"Marvel's New Warriors\"\" ordered in April 2017, with Freeform executive Karey Burke saying, Marvel \"\"started to see our strength with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5160036",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Anime\"\nAvengers, a team learning to fight villains alongside the Avengers. The series was announced in February 2017 for broadcast on Dlife channel during the middle of the year. Starting on February 28, 2017, Future Avengers would be a continuing magna series by Mizuno Teruaki in CoroCoro Comic Special published by Shogakkan. In May 2017, the Dlife show was announced to premiere on Saturday, July 22, 2017 with anime production by Madhouse. In January 2018, the series was renewed for another season starting mid-year. The second season debut on July 30, 2018. The Inhumans are slated to appear this season. Marvel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5757332",
"chunk_text": "\"Iron Fist (TV series)\"\nIron Fist (TV series) Marvel's Iron Fist, or simply Iron Fist, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Scott Buck, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise and is the fourth in a series of shows that lead to \"\"The Defenders\"\" crossover miniseries. The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Devilina Productions and showrunner Buck for the first season. Raven Metzner took over as showrunner for the second season. Finn Jones",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4466593",
"chunk_text": "\"Daredevil (season 1)\"\nseason received two nominations for Creative Emmy Awards, for the visual effects from Shade VFX, and the sound editing. The series was renewed for a second season on April 21, 2015. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In October 2013, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. Drew Goddard was hired to serve as executive producer and showrunner for \"\"Daredevil\"\", however, in May 2014 it was announced that Goddard had stepped down as showrunner in order",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6641849",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\ntrying to close the gap between releases of Marvel seasons, but would always prioritize the quality of the series over higher numbers of releases per year. He also said that Netflix was open to exploring the MCU beyond the \"\"Defenders\"\" series, including potential crossovers with ABC's Marvel series. In July 2016, Marvel and Netflix committed to complete production on 135 episodes by the end of 2017, making the deal the largest television production commitment in New York State. Production for the different series had engaged 500 local vendors and small businesses for various stages of development, and had required over",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20617173",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Studios\"\nseveral limited series for the streaming service Disney+, to be centered on \"\"second tier\"\" characters from the MCU films who had not and were unlikely to star in their own films. Characters being considered for series included Loki and Scarlet Witch, with the actors who portrayed the characters in the films expected to reprise their roles for the limited series. Each series was expected to be six to eight episodes, with a \"\"hefty [budget] rivaling those of a major studio productions\"\". The series would be produced by Marvel Studios rather than Marvel Television, with Feige taking a \"\"hands-on role\"\" in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18372806",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe\"\nof S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\") are contractually obliged to appear in a Marvel film if asked. In May 2015, after starring as Claire Temple in the first season of \"\"Daredevil\"\", Rosario Dawson signed with Marvel to return for the second season of the series as part of an \"\"exclusive TV deal\"\" that also allows her to appear in any other Marvel Netflix series. Dawson's character has been featured as well in all the other Netflix shows, except \"\"The Punisher\"\", linking them together similarly to Jackson's Nick Fury in the films. Dawson explained that she signs on with Marvel for a year at a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4591890",
"chunk_text": "\"Jessica Jones (TV series)\"\nJessica Jones (TV series) Marvel's Jessica Jones, or simply Jessica Jones, is an American web television series created for Netflix by Melissa Rosenberg, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the second in a series of shows that lead to \"\"The Defenders\"\" crossover miniseries. The series is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios and Tall Girls Productions, with Rosenberg serving as showrunner. Krysten Ritter stars as Jessica Jones, a former superhero who opens her own",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5160026",
"chunk_text": "\"Marvel Anime\"\nMarvel Anime Marvel Anime is a series of four anime television series and two direct-to-video films produced in collaboration between Marvel Entertainment and Japanese animation studio Madhouse. The four twelve-episode series, based on \"\"Iron Man\"\", \"\"Wolverine\"\", \"\"X-Men\"\", and \"\"Blade\"\", aired in Japan on Animax between October 2010 and September 2011. An English-language version aired in North America on G4 between July 2011 and April 2012. Each of the series, guided by writer Warren Ellis, largely features Japan as the setting for the storyline. The project took top Marvel characters and reintroduced them for a Japanese audience via four 12-part series;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "750576",
"chunk_text": "\"Daredevil (TV series)\"\nin the third season. \"\"Daredevil\"\" entered development in late 2013, a year after the film rights to the character reverted to Marvel, with Goddard initially hired in December 2013. DeKnight replaced him as showrunner and Cox was hired to star in May 2014. Filming takes place in New York City, in areas that still look like the old Hell's Kitchen. All episodes of the first season were released on Netflix on April 10, 2015, while the second season was released in its entirety on March 18, 2016. They were met with positive reviews. In July 2016, the series was renewed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1566283",
"chunk_text": "\"Daredevil (TV series)\"\nOn Metacritic, it has a score of 71 out of 100, based on 6 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". In December 2015, IGN named \"\"Daredevil\"\" the second best Netflix original programming series released to date. By January 2016, ahead of the debut of Bernthal as armed vigilante Frank Castle / Punisher in season two, Netflix was in \"\"very early development\"\" on a spin-off series titled \"\"The Punisher\"\", and was looking for a showrunner. The series would be centered on Bernthal as Castle, and was described as a stand-alone project, outside of the series leading up to \"\"The Defenders\"\". Loeb implied",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_978
|
a type of basic rock popular in the 1980s?
|
n/a
|
[
"alternative rock"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824161",
"chunk_text": "\"1980s in music\"\n1980s in music This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 1980s. The 1980s saw the emergence of dance music and new wave. As disco fell out of fashion in the decade's early years, genres such as post-disco, Italo disco, Euro disco and dance-pop became more popular. Rock music continued to enjoy a wide audience. Soft rock, glam metal, thrash metal, shred guitar characterized by heavy distortion, pinch harmonics and whammy bar abuse became very popular. Adult contemporary, quiet storm, and smooth jazz gained popularity. In the late 1980s, glam metal became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13169386",
"chunk_text": "\"Classic rock\"\nClassic rock Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock (AOR) format in the early 1980s. In the United States, the classic rock format features music ranging generally from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s, primarily focusing on commercially successful hard rock popularized in the 1970s. The radio format became increasingly popular with the baby boomer demographic by the end of the 1990s. Although classic rock has mostly appealed to adult listeners, music associated with this format received more exposure with younger generations of listeners with the presence of the Internet and digital downloading. Some classic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12894129",
"chunk_text": "\"Alternative rock\"\nAlternative rock Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a style of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s. In this instance, the word \"\"alternative\"\" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent, DIY ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music. At times, \"\"alternative\"\" has been used as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6198744",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\nthe 1980s in the US included R.E.M., Hüsker Dü, Jane's Addiction, Sonic Youth, and the Pixies, and in the UK the Cure, New Order, the Jesus and Mary Chain, and the Smiths. Artists were largely confined to independent record labels, building an extensive underground music scene based on college radio, fanzines, touring, and word-of-mouth. They rejected the dominant synth-pop of the early 1980s, marking a return to group-based guitar rock. Few of these early bands achieved mainstream success, although exceptions to this rule include R.E.M., the Smiths, and the Cure. Despite a general lack of spectacular album sales, the original",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18105763",
"chunk_text": "\"Soft rock\"\nSoft rock Soft rock (or lite rock) is a derivative form of pop rock that originated in the early 1970s in southern California. The style smoothed over the edges of singer-songwriter and pop rock, relying on simple, melodic songs with big, lush productions. Soft rock was prevalent on the radio throughout the 1970s and eventually metamorphosed into the synthesized music of adult contemporary in the 1980s. Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1968. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock, with both emerging as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9560738",
"chunk_text": "\"Modern rock\"\nModern rock Modern rock is an umbrella term describing rock music made between the late 1970s to present day. Some radio stations use this term to distinguish themselves from classic rock, which is based in 1960s–1980s rock music. Modern rock is a rock format commonly found on commercial radio; the format consists primarily of the alternative rock genre. Generally beginning with late 1970s punk but referring especially to alternative rock music since the 1980s, the phrase \"\"modern rock\"\" is used in the USA to differentiate the music from classic rock, which focuses on music recorded in the 1960s through to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13169399",
"chunk_text": "\"Classic rock\"\nof this group to radio advertisers\"\". In his opinion, classic rock also produced a rock music ideology and discussion of the music that was \"\"heavily gendered\"\", celebrating \"\"a male homosocial paradigm of musicianship\"\" that \"\"continued to dominate subsequent discourse, not just around rock music, but of popular music more generally.\"\" Classic rock Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock (AOR) format in the early 1980s. In the United States, the classic rock format features music ranging generally from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s, primarily focusing on commercially successful hard rock popularized in the 1970s.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18105771",
"chunk_text": "\"Soft rock\"\nthe Danish group Michael Learns to Rock, who saw massive popularity in Asia, with many singles becoming commercially successful in the continent. Soft rock Soft rock (or lite rock) is a derivative form of pop rock that originated in the early 1970s in southern California. The style smoothed over the edges of singer-songwriter and pop rock, relying on simple, melodic songs with big, lush productions. Soft rock was prevalent on the radio throughout the 1970s and eventually metamorphosed into the synthesized music of adult contemporary in the 1980s. Hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1968. From",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8469164",
"chunk_text": "\"Hard rock\"\nHard rock Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with keyboards. Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with notable bands such as AC/DC, the Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, Kiss and Van Halen. During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13987355",
"chunk_text": "\"New wave music\"\nNew wave music New wave is a genre of rock music popular in the late 1970s and the 1980s with ties to mid-1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from blues and rock and roll sounds to create rock music (early new wave) or pop music (later) that incorporated disco, mod, and electronic music. Initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop. New wave differs from other movements with ties to first-wave punk as it displays characteristics common to pop music, rather than the more \"\"artsy\"\" post-punk.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13987407",
"chunk_text": "\"New wave music\"\nthe chart from 6 March 1982 – 10 April 1982. New wave music New wave is a genre of rock music popular in the late 1970s and the 1980s with ties to mid-1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from blues and rock and roll sounds to create rock music (early new wave) or pop music (later) that incorporated disco, mod, and electronic music. Initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop. New wave differs from other movements with ties to first-wave punk as it displays characteristics",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5626830",
"chunk_text": "\"Alternative rock\"\nthe 1990s onwards (especially since the new millennium and beyond). Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in small clubs, recorded for indie labels, and spread their popularity through word of mouth. As such, there is no set musical style for alternative rock as a whole, although \"\"The New York Times\"\" in 1989 asserted that the genre is \"\"guitar music first of all, with guitars that blast out power chords, pick out chiming riffs, buzz with fuzztone and squeal in feedback.\"\" More often than in other rock-styles since the mainstreaming of rock music during the 1970s, alternative rock lyrics tend",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5580034",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\nRock music Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"\"rock and roll\"\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the genres of blues, rhythm and blues, and from country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824187",
"chunk_text": "\"1980s in music\"\nto independent record labels were mining from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a sharp break from the futuristic, hyper rational post-punk years. Throughout the 1980s, alternative rock was mainly an underground phenomena. While on occasion a song would become a commercial hit or albums would receive critical praise in mainstream publications like \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", alternative rock in the 1980s was primarily relegated to independent record labels, fanzines and college radio stations. Alternative bands built underground followings by touring constantly and regularly releasing low-budget albums. In the case of the United States, new bands would",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2665956",
"chunk_text": "\"Alternative rock\"\ncatch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as new wave, and post-punk). Alternative rock broadly consists of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, social context and regional roots. By the end of the 1980s, magazines and zines, college radio airplay, and word of mouth had increased the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock, helping to define a number of distinct styles (and music scenes) such",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15973702",
"chunk_text": "\"Arena rock\"\nacross the world. Bibliography Arena rock Arena rock (also known as album-oriented rock [AOR], anthem rock, corporate rock, dad rock, melodic rock, pomp rock, and stadium rock) is a style of rock music that originated in the mid-1970s. As hard rock bands and those playing a softer yet strident kind of pop rock became increasingly popular, groups creating material inherently designed for large audiences, arena rock developed from their use of more commercially oriented and radio-friendly sounds. The often highly-produced music, including both upbeat, dramatic songs and slower power ballads, features strong emphasis on melody and frequently employs anthemic choruses.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2026333",
"chunk_text": "\"Noise rock\"\nNoise rock Noise rock (sometimes called noise punk) is a diverse style of experimental rock employing noise music elements, which spun off from punk rock in the 1980s. Drawing on movements such as minimalism, industrial music, and New York hardcore, artists indulge in extreme levels of distortion through the use of electric guitars and, less frequently, electronic instrumentation, either to provide percussive sounds or to contribute to the overall arrangement. Some groups are tied to song structures, such as Sonic Youth. Although they are not representative of the entire genre, they helped popularize noise rock among alternative rock audiences by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14790075",
"chunk_text": "\"Hard rock\"\nreturn to a hard rock sound. Established bands made a comeback in the mid-1980s and it reached a commercial peak in the 1980s, with glam metal bands like Bon Jovi and Def Leppard and the rawer sounds of Guns N' Roses, which followed up with great success in the later part of that decade. Hard rock began losing popularity with the commercial success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge and later Britpop in the 1990s. Despite this, many post-grunge bands adopted a hard rock sound and in the 2000s there came a renewed interest in established bands, attempts at a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6198728",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\nhas been characterised as a second British Invasion. Some more traditional rock bands adapted to the video age and profited from MTV's airplay, most obviously Dire Straits, whose \"\"Money for Nothing\"\" gently poked fun at the station, despite the fact that it had helped make them international stars, but in general, guitar-oriented rock was commercially eclipsed. If hardcore most directly pursued the stripped down aesthetic of punk, and new wave came to represent its commercial wing, post-punk emerged in the later 1970s and early 1980s as its more artistic and challenging side. Major influences beside punk bands were the Velvet",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8469166",
"chunk_text": "\"Hard rock\"\nrevival, and new hard rock bands that emerged from the garage rock and post-punk revival scenes. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like the White Stripes, the Strokes, Interpol and, later on, the Black Keys. In the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9830810",
"chunk_text": "\"Garage rock\"\nthe term \"\"garage rock\"\" came into favor in the early 1980s. According to Mike Markesich: \"\"Initially launched into the underground vernacular at the start of the '80s, the garage tag had slowly sifted its way amid like-minded fans to finally be recognized as a worthy descriptive replacement\"\". The term \"\"garage punk\"\" has also persisted, and style has been referred to as 60s punk\"\" and \"\"proto-punk\"\". In the late 1950s, the initial impact of rock and roll on mainstream American culture waned as major record companies took a controlling influence and sought to market more conventionally acceptable recordings. Electric musical instruments",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15261364",
"chunk_text": "\"Garage rock\"\ndescription, predating the more familiar use of the term appropriated by the later punk rock movement of the mid- to late-1970s that it influenced. The term \"\"garage rock\"\" came into use at the beginning of the 1980s and eventually gained favor amongst devotees. The genre has also been referred to as 60s punk\"\", \"\"garage punk\"\", or \"\"proto-punk\"\". In the early to mid-1980s, several revival scenes emerged featuring acts that consciously attempted to replicate the look and sound of 1960s garage bands. Later in the decade, a louder, more contemporary garage subgenre developed that combined garage rock with modern punk rock",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15973692",
"chunk_text": "\"Arena rock\"\nArena rock Arena rock (also known as album-oriented rock [AOR], anthem rock, corporate rock, dad rock, melodic rock, pomp rock, and stadium rock) is a style of rock music that originated in the mid-1970s. As hard rock bands and those playing a softer yet strident kind of pop rock became increasingly popular, groups creating material inherently designed for large audiences, arena rock developed from their use of more commercially oriented and radio-friendly sounds. The often highly-produced music, including both upbeat, dramatic songs and slower power ballads, features strong emphasis on melody and frequently employs anthemic choruses. Other major characteristics include",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11488257",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\ncommunities the adoption of heavy rock and glam metal styles by bands like Petra and Stryper, who achieved considerable mainstream success in the 1980s, was more controversial. From the 1990s there were increasing numbers of acts who attempted to avoid the Christian band label, preferring to be seen as groups who were also Christians, including P.O.D and Collective Soul. Punk rock was developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States and the United Kingdom. Rooted in garage rock and other forms of what is now known as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6542931",
"chunk_text": "\"American rock\"\nuse of humour in their videos and had a more radio-friendly tone to their music, while retaining the speed, some of the attitude and even the look of 1970s punk. Later pop-punk bands, including Simple Plan, All-American Rejects and Fall Out Boy, had a sound that has been described as closer to 1980s hardcore, while still achieving considerable commercial success. In the 1980s the terms indie rock and alternative rock were used interchangeably. By the mid-1990s, as elements of the movement began to attract mainstream interest, particularly grunge and then Britpop, post-grunge and pop-punk, the term alternative began to lose",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11488274",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\ngenre. Newer artists whose music would perhaps have been labelled heartland rock had it been released in the 1970s or 1980s, such as Missouri's Bottle Rockets and Illinois' Uncle Tupelo, often find themselves labeled alt-country. The term alternative rock was coined in the early 1980s to describe rock artists who did not fit into the mainstream genres of the time. Bands dubbed \"\"alternative\"\" had no unified style, but were all seen as distinct from mainstream music. Alternative bands were linked by their collective debt to punk rock, through hardcore, New Wave or the post-punk movements. Important alternative rock bands of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11488269",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\nin the mid-1980s as acts disbanded or moved off to explore other musical areas, but it has continued to influence the development of rock music and has been seen as a major element in the creation of the alternative rock movement. American working-class oriented heartland rock, characterized by a straightforward musical style, and a concern with the lives of ordinary, blue-collar American people, developed in the second half of the 1970s. The term heartland rock was first used to describe Midwestern arena rock groups like Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx, but which came to be associated with a more socially",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3339747",
"chunk_text": "Music\nThe style's West African pedigree is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation, and the swung note. Rock music is a genre of popular music that developed in the 1960s from 1950s rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, and country music. The sound of rock often revolves around the electric guitar or acoustic guitar, and it uses a strong back beat laid down by a rhythm section of electric bass guitar, drums, and keyboard instruments such as organ, piano, or, since the 1970s, analog synthesizers and digital ones and computers since the 1990s. Along with the guitar or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19265635",
"chunk_text": "\"1980s in music\"\nof them unable or unwilling to adapt to current trends. Music icons such as Bob Dylan, Neil Young, and The Rolling Stones released albums that were often poor quality and critically panned as they attempted to grapple with the changing times. MTV in particular was a problem for many artists, as it put a premium on youthfulness, good looks, and showmanship. Artists who became strongly associated with disco music also fell from grace and were often banned from radio play. Contemporary R&B originated in the 1980s, when musicians started adding disco-like beats, high-tech production, and elements of hip hop, soul",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12894141",
"chunk_text": "\"Alternative rock\"\nuse of the term \"\"alternative\"\" to describe rock music originated around the mid-1980s; at the time, the common music industry terms for cutting-edge music were \"\"new music\"\" and \"\"post modern\"\", respectively indicating freshness and a tendency to re contextualize sounds of the past. Individuals who worked as DJs and promoters during the 1980s claim the term originates from American FM radio of the 1970s, which served as a progressive alternative to top 40 radio formats by featuring longer songs and giving DJs more freedom in song selection. According to one former DJ and promoter, \"\"Somehow this term 'alternative' got rediscovered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824177",
"chunk_text": "\"1980s in music\"\nJohn Mellencamp, then known as John Cougar, ruled the charts throughout the decade in the US. Prince, Madonna, Jackson, Joel and Springsteen along with U2, Dire Straits, Phil Collins, The Police, Queen, The Rolling Stones and Eurythmics achieved tremendous success worldwide. In the 1980s, rock music was more precisely defined and split up into multiple subgenres. Beginning in 1983 and peaking in success in 1986-1991, the decade saw the resurgence of hard rock music and the emergence of its glam metal subgenre. Bands such as AC/DC, Queen, Def Leppard, Kiss, Mötley Crüe, Bon Jovi, Quiet Riot, Scorpions, Europe, Ratt, Twisted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16106711",
"chunk_text": "\"Music history of the United States in the 1980s\"\n(of Primus fame) became famous during that period. Both hard rock and heavy metal were extremely popular live genres and bands toured extensively around the globe. By 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels were mining from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a sharp break from the futuristic, hyper rational post-punk years. Throughout the 1980s, alternative rock was mainly an underground phenomena. While on occasion a song would become a commercial hit or albums would receive critical praise in mainstream publications like \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", alternative rock in the 1980s was primarily",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6198712",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock music\"\n\"\"Good ol' boy\"\" image of the subgenre and the general shape of 1970s' guitar rock. Their successors included the fusion/progressive instrumentalists Dixie Dregs, the more country-influenced Outlaws, jazz-leaning Wet Willie and (incorporating elements of R&B and gospel) the Ozark Mountain Daredevils. After the loss of original members of the Allmans and Lynyrd Skynyrd, the genre began to fade in popularity in the late 1970s, but was sustained the 1980s with acts like .38 Special, Molly Hatchet and the Marshall Tucker Band. Glam rock emerged from the English psychedelic and art rock scenes of the late 1960s and can be seen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824190",
"chunk_text": "\"1980s in music\"\nas punk rock bands, but soon diversified their sounds and became more melodic. By the late 1980s, the American alternative scene was dominated by styles ranging from quirky alternative pop (They Might Be Giants and Camper Van Beethoven), to noise rock (Big Black, Swans) to industrial rock (Ministry, Nine Inch Nails) and to early Grunge (Mudhoney, Nirvana). These sounds were in turn followed by the advent of Boston's the Pixies and Los Angeles' Jane's Addiction. American alternative rock bands of the 1980s included Hüsker Dü, The Replacements, Minutemen, R.E.M., Dinosaur Jr., Pixies, and Sonic Youth which were popular long before",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824223",
"chunk_text": "\"1980s in music\"\nBritish acts with bringing colour and energy to back to pop music while rock journalists were generally hostile to the phenomenon because they felt it represented image over content. MTV continued its heavy rotation of videos by new wave-oriented acts until 1987, when it changed to a heavy metal and rock dominated format. New Romanticism emerged as part of the new wave music movement in London's nightclub including Billy's and The Blitz Club towards the end of the 1970s. Influenced by David Bowie and Roxy Music, it developed glam rock fashions, gaining its name from the frilly fop shirts of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5051566",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock 2.0\"\nRock 2.0 Rock 2.0, formerly Modern Rock, is a 24-hour music format produced by the Dial Global Radio Networks, and formerly distributed through its now-defunct Dial Global Local service. Its playlist is composed of highly tested classic rock from the 1980s combined with alternative and active rock music released from the 1990s to this day from artists such as Red Hot Chili Peppers, Nirvana, Nickelback, Pearl Jam, Metallica, etc. This satellite/internet-driven programming service predominantly targets male listeners in the 18-44 demographic range with a 20- to 40-year-old target. Rock 2.0 was originally an alternative rock format under its former owner",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10628752",
"chunk_text": "Dance-rock\nDance-rock Dance-rock is a post-disco genre connected with pop rock and post-punk with fewer rhythm and blues influences, originated in the early 1980s, following the mainstream death of punk and disco. Examples of early dance-rock include Gina X's \"\"No G.D.M.\"\", Russ Ballard's \"\"On The Rebound\"\", artists such as Dinosaur L, Liquid Liquid and Polyrock, and the compilation album \"\"Disco Not Disco\"\". Michael Campbell, in his book \"\"Popular Music in America\"\", defines the genre as \"\"post-punk/post-disco fusion\"\". Campbell also cited Robert Christgau, who described dance-oriented rock (or DOR) as an umbrella term used by various DJs in the 1980s. However, AllMusic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5626832",
"chunk_text": "\"Alternative rock\"\nmajority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a sharp break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years. Throughout the 1980s, alternative rock remained mainly an underground phenomenon. While on occasion a song would become a commercial hit or albums would receive critical praise in mainstream publications like \"\"Rolling Stone\"\", alternative rock in the 1980s was primarily featured on independent record labels, fanzines, and college radio stations. Alternative bands built underground followings by touring constantly and by regularly releasing low-budget albums. In the case of the United States,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18105768",
"chunk_text": "\"Soft rock\"\nfrom California's session musicians, yacht rock only partially overlapped with soft rock; it could include soft to mid-level (but rarely ever purely hard) rock. Much of the \"\"West Coast sound\"\" of yacht rock bore similarity to some of the East Coast soft rockers of the era such as Rupert Holmes and Hall & Oates, leading to the conflation. In the early 1980s, the radio format evolved into what came to be known as \"\"adult contemporary\"\" or \"\"adult album alternative\"\", a format that has less overt rock bias than its forebear radio categorization. Although dance-oriented, electronic pop and ballad-oriented rock dominated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6198450",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and roll\"\na style of popular music originating in the U.S. in the 1950s prior to its development by the mid-1960s into \"\"the more encompassing international style known as rock music, though the latter also continued to be known as rock and roll.\"\" For the purpose of differentiation, this article deals with the first definition. In the earliest rock and roll styles, either the piano or saxophone was typically the lead instrument, but these instruments were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late 1950s. The beat is essentially a dance rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, which is almost",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12894199",
"chunk_text": "\"Alternative rock\"\nreggae and has managed to break numerous records. They become the first alternative act to have two concurrent top five singles in the United States while their fourth studio album \"\"Blurryface\"\" (2015) was the very first album in history to have every song receive at least a Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. Alternative rock Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a style of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s. In this instance, the word \"\"alternative\"\" refers to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2665982",
"chunk_text": "\"Alternative rock\"\nfollowers. One of the many jangle pop scenes of the early 1980s, Los Angeles' Paisley Underground revived the sounds of the 1960s, incorporating psychedelia, rich vocal harmonies and the guitar interplay of folk rock as well as punk and underground influences such as The Velvet Underground. American indie record labels SST Records, Twin/Tone Records, Touch and Go Records, and Dischord Records presided over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock that were emerging. Minneapolis bands Hüsker Dü and The Replacements were indicative of this shift. Both",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824233",
"chunk_text": "\"1980s in music\"\nthe album \"\"Watermark\"\" which sold over eleven million copies worldwide and helped launch Enya's successful career as a leading new-age, Celtic, World singer. Dutch band Tambourine received some notoriety in The Netherlands and Belgium toward the end of the decade. Synthpop emerged from new wave, producing a form of pop music that followed electronic rock pioneers in the 1970s like Kraftwerk, Jean Michel Jarre, and Tangerine Dream, in which the synthesizer is the dominant musical instrument. The sounds of synthesizers came to dominate the pop music of the early 1980s as well as replacing disco in dance clubs in Europe.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19525061",
"chunk_text": "\"American popular music\"\nLike punk and hardcore, alternative rock had little mainstream success in America in the 1980s, but via the grassroots establishment of an indie scene through touring, college radio, fanzines, and word-of-mouth, alternative bands laid the groundwork for the breakthrough of the genre in the American public consciousness in the next decade. Heavy metal is a form of music characterized by aggressive, driving rhythms and highly amplified distorted guitars, generally with grandiose lyrics and virtuosic instrumentation. Heavy metal is a development of blues, blues rock, rock and prog rock. Its origins lie in the British hard rock bands who between 1967",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19106770",
"chunk_text": "\"New Pop\"\nNew Pop New Pop was a loosely defined British-centric pop music movement consisting of ambitious, DIY-minded artists who achieved commercial success in the early 1980s through sources such as MTV. Rooted in the post-punk movement of the late 1970s, the movement spanned a wide variety of styles and artists, including acts such as Orange Juice, the Human League and ABC. The term \"\"rockist\"\", a pejorative against people who shunned this type of music, coincided and was associated with New Pop. \"\"New Music\"\" is a roughly equivalent but slightly more expansive umbrella term for a pop music and cultural phenomenon in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16106702",
"chunk_text": "\"Music history of the United States in the 1980s\"\nMusic history of the United States in the 1980s Popular music of the United States in the 1980s saw new wave entering the year as the single biggest mainstream market, with heavy metal, punk rock and hardcore punk, and hip hop achieving increased crossover success. With the demise of punk rock, a new generation of punk-influenced genres arose, including Gothic rock, post-punk, alternative rock, emo and thrash metal. Hip hop underwent its first diversification, with Miami bass, Chicago hip house, Washington DC go-go, Detroit ghettotech, Los Angeles electroclash and the golden age of old school hip hop in New York",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10172433",
"chunk_text": "\"Pop rock\"\nPop rock Pop rock (also typeset as pop/rock) is rock music with a greater emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft, and less emphasis on attitude. Originating in the 1950s as an alternative to rock and roll, early pop rock was influenced by the beat, arrangements, and style of rock and roll (and sometimes doo-wop). It may be viewed as a distinct genre field, rather than music that overlaps with pop and rock. The detractors of pop rock often deride it as a slick, commercial product, less authentic than rock music. Much pop and rock music has been very similar",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5824224",
"chunk_text": "\"1980s in music\"\nearly Romanticism. New Romantic music often made extensive use of synthesisers. Pioneers included Visage and Ultravox and among the commercially most successful acts associated with the movement were Adam and the Ants, Culture Club, Spandau Ballet and Duran Duran. By about 1983 the original movement had dissolved, with surviving acts dropping most of the fashion elements to pursue mainstream careers. Other new romantic artists included Classix Nouveaux, A Flock of Seagulls, Gary Numan, Japan, Landscape, Thompson Twins, Soft Cell, ABC, The Teardrop Explodes, Yazoo and Talk Talk. Gothic rock music developed out of the post punk scene in the later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2898070",
"chunk_text": "\"1980s in music\"\nAlternative and indie pop movements sprang up in other parts of the world, from the Paisley Underground of Los Angeles (The Bangles, Rain Parade) to Scotland (Aztec Camera, Orange Juice), Australia (The Church, The Triffids), and New Zealand's Dunedin sound (The Clean, The Chills). American indie record labels SST Records, Twin/Tone Records, Touch and Go Records, and Dischord Records presided over the shift from the hardcore punk that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock that were emerging. Minnesota bands Hüsker Dü and The Replacements were indicative of this shift. Both started out",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5579775",
"chunk_text": "\"Rock and roll\"\nalways provided by a snare drum. Classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars (one lead, one rhythm), a double bass or string bass or (after the mid-1950s) an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies, in fan magazines, and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teenagers enjoyed the music. It went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_979
|
who represents the insured in the investigation of a claim?
|
n/a
|
[
"Public adjusters",
"Claims adjuster"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2684926",
"chunk_text": "\"Claims adjuster\"\nClaims adjuster Claims adjuster (claim adjuster), or claims handler (claim handler), investigates insurance claims by interviewing the claimant and witnesses, consulting police and hospital records, and inspecting property damage to determine the extent of the company's liability. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, South Africa, the Caribbean and New Zealand the term loss adjuster is used. Other claims adjusters who represent policyholders may aid in the preparation of an insurance claim. In the United States, a claims adjuster's duties typically extend to include the following elements: A Claims adjuster or Public Adjuster does not, and should not, engage in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1152331",
"chunk_text": "\"Claims adjuster\"\nrequired to operate a 50-pound ladder and must stand, walk, kneel, crawl, and perform other physical demands as they investigate damaged property. Claims adjuster Claims adjuster (claim adjuster), or claims handler (claim handler), investigates insurance claims by interviewing the claimant and witnesses, consulting police and hospital records, and inspecting property damage to determine the extent of the company's liability. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, South Africa, the Caribbean and New Zealand the term loss adjuster is used. Other claims adjusters who represent policyholders may aid in the preparation of an insurance claim. In the United States, a claims adjuster's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17133482",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance investigator\"\nInsurance investigator An insurance investigator examines insurance claims that are suspicious or otherwise in doubt. Investigators in this field have differing specialties and backgrounds. Some insurance companies have their own in-house investigation teams while other companies sub-contract the work to private investigators or private investigation firms. Although such investigations are usually conducted to combat fraud, very often investigators will be working simply to establish the circumstances of a particular claim (for example, in a multi-vehicular road accident involving various parties, claims and insurance companies). Methods of defrauding insurance companies are manifold, as are the means of investigating them. As a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15833510",
"chunk_text": "Insurance\nsuch as those produced by ACORD. Insurance company claims departments employ a large number of claims adjusters supported by a staff of records management and data entry clerks. Incoming claims are classified based on severity and are assigned to adjusters whose settlement authority varies with their knowledge and experience. The adjuster undertakes an investigation of each claim, usually in close cooperation with the insured, determines if coverage is available under the terms of the insurance contract, and if so, the reasonable monetary value of the claim, and authorizes payment. The policyholder may hire their own public adjuster to negotiate the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2154090",
"chunk_text": "\"Public adjuster\"\nnegotiate with the insurance Carrier to a final and fair settlement. A public adjuster is a representative of the policyholder who advises, manages, and submits a claim to the policyholder's insurance company. There are three classes of insurance claims adjusters: staff adjusters (employed by an insurance company or self-insured entity), independent adjusters (independent contractors hired by the insurance company) and public adjusters (employed by the policyholder). \"\"Company\"\" or \"\"independent\"\" adjusters can only legally represent the rights of an insurance company. Outside the United States adjusters are commonly called (or translated into English as) \"\"insurance loss \"\"assessors\"\"\"\" (or simply \"\"loss assessors\"\")",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "844669",
"chunk_text": "\"Liability insurance\"\ncauses of action which were never covered or even potentially covered to begin with. If the insurer chooses to defend, it may either defend the claim with its own in-house lawyers (where allowed), or give the claim to an outside law firm on a \"\"panel\"\" of preferred firms which have negotiated a standard fee schedule with the insurer in exchange for a regular flow of work. The decision to defend under a reservation of rights must be undertaken with extreme caution in jurisdictions where the insured has a right to independent counsel, also known as Cumis counsel. The insurer can",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8371501",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance fraud\"\nclaims can also be submitted to “special investigative units”, or SIUs, for further investigation. These units generally consist of experienced claims adjusters with special training in investigating fraudulent claims. These investigators look for certain symptoms associated with fraudulent claims, or otherwise look for evidence of falsification of some kind. This evidence can then be used to deny payment of the claims or to prosecute fraudsters if the violation is serious enough. When an insurance company's fraud department investigates a fraud claim, they frequently proceed in two stages: pre-contact and post-contact. In the pre-contact stage they analyze all available evidence before",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1152325",
"chunk_text": "\"Claims adjuster\"\nwhen it comes to advocating on the policyholder's behalf to the insurance company. An independent adjuster could be working for multiple insurance companies or self-insured entities. If licensed by state authority they represent pinnacle of property loss knowledge in their field; whether it be residential, vehicular, marine, etc. An adjuster will frequently verify that coverage applies through an insurance policy, investigate liability for the damages caused, and make compensation to the injured person based on their emotional or physical property damages. Specific duties include: Some states now require adjusters disclose to claimants whose interest specifically independent, staff and public adjuster",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15833511",
"chunk_text": "Insurance\nsettlement with the insurance company on their behalf. For policies that are complicated, where claims may be complex, the insured may take out a separate insurance policy add-on, called loss recovery insurance, which covers the cost of a public adjuster in the case of a claim. Adjusting liability insurance claims is particularly difficult because there is a third party involved, the plaintiff, who is under no contractual obligation to cooperate with the insurer and may in fact regard the insurer as a deep pocket. The adjuster must obtain legal counsel for the insured (either inside \"\"house\"\" counsel or outside \"\"panel\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17133485",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance investigator\"\nfor evidence of previous claims or accidents. There are also many forms of fraud involving property, for example when a person with valuable assets (property, for example) deliberately destroys them, often through arson, with the intention of then claiming the value back through insurance. Another form would be an art collector insurance a high value piece and then having it 'stolen' - claiming the money for himself and keeping the art piece in the process. Insurance investigator An insurance investigator examines insurance claims that are suspicious or otherwise in doubt. Investigators in this field have differing specialties and backgrounds. Some",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17318649",
"chunk_text": "\"Public adjuster\"\nPublic adjuster A public adjuster is a professional claims handler/ claims adjuster who advocates for the policyholder in appraising and negotiating a claimant's insurance claim. Aside from attorneys and the broker of record, state licensed public adjusters can legally represent the rights of an insured during an insurance claim process. Their technical expertise and ability to interpret sometimes ambiguous insurance policies allow property owners to receive the maximum amount of indemnification for their claims. Although seen many times as adversarial by the Carriers, public adjusters do (almost always) substantially increase the settlement value of the loss. Many professionals, and persons",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1152323",
"chunk_text": "\"Claims adjuster\"\npractice of law. While adjusting the claim does mean applying the loss circumstances to the insured's policy, it does not account for if and when there becomes \"\"an issue of coverage\"\", which is a matter and practice of Law, and should only be engaged by a properly licensed attorney. In casualty insurance the main type of coverages include but may not be limited to the following: In the two first instances, and the fourth, the adjuster operates on behalf of the insurer. Adjusters may handle \"\"property claims\"\" involving damage to buildings and structures, or \"\"liability claims\"\" involving personal injuries or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8678862",
"chunk_text": "Insurance\nappears the broker represents the buyer (not the insurance company), and typically counsels the buyer on appropriate coverage and policy limitations, in the vast majority of cases a broker's compensation comes in the form of a commission as a percentage of the insurance premium, creating a conflict of interest in that the broker's financial interest is tilted towards encouraging an insured to purchase more insurance than might be necessary at a higher price. A broker generally holds contracts with many insurers, thereby allowing the broker to \"\"shop\"\" the market for the best rates and coverage possible. Insurance may also be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "844673",
"chunk_text": "\"Liability insurance\"\nbut this is essentially a form of indemnification (covered in the next section below), under which the insured remains primarily responsible for hiring a lawyer to defend themselves. Such insurers often expressly reserve a right to defend the insured, presumably so they can intervene to protect their own interests if the insured's counsel of choice is not providing an adequate defense against the underlying claim. An indemnity case arises when an individual is obliged to pay for the loss or damage incurred by another person in an event of an accident, collision etc. The duty of indemnity generally originates from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11070713",
"chunk_text": "\"Cumis counsel\"\nCumis counsel A \"\"Cumis\"\" counsel is \"\"an attorney employed by a defendant in a lawsuit when there is a liability insurance policy supposedly covering the claim, but there is a conflict of interest between the insurance company and the insured defendant.\"\" The name derives from the case of \"\"San Diego Navy Federal Credit Union v. Cumis Insurance Society, Inc.\"\", which the California Court of Appeal for the Fourth Appellate District decided on December 3, 1984. While \"\"Cumis\"\" is the best-known appellate precedent on the issue of the appointment of independent counsel for the defense of insureds when their insurance company",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19900039",
"chunk_text": "\"Agent of record\"\nAgent of record An agent of record (AOR) is an individual or a legal entity with a duly executed contractual agreement with an insurance policy owner, in line with the prevailing legal norms and regulations of the region in which the contract was entered. The agent of record has a legal right to receive commissions from the respective insurance policy. The individual or legal entity is authorized to represent an insured party in purchasing, servicing, and maintaining insurance coverage with a designated insurer. The majority of insurance companies will not disclose information or discuss an insured party's account with an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9801951",
"chunk_text": "Insurance\ncounsel), monitor litigation that may take years to complete, and appear in person or over the telephone with settlement authority at a mandatory settlement conference when requested by the judge. If a claims adjuster suspects under-insurance, the condition of average may come into play to limit the insurance company's exposure. In managing the claims handling function, insurers seek to balance the elements of customer satisfaction, administrative handling expenses, and claims overpayment leakages. As part of this balancing act, fraudulent insurance practices are a major business risk that must be managed and overcome. Disputes between insurers and insureds over the validity",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7152801",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance in the United States\"\nthe claim data in an industry database (the two major ones are CLUE and A-PLUS), with Claim Loss Underwriting Exchange (CLUE) by Choicepoint receiving data from 98% of U.S. insurers. Various associations, government agencies, and companies serve the insurance industry in the United States. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners provides models for standard state insurance law, and provides services for its members, which are the state insurance departments or divisions. Many insurance providers use the Insurance Services Office, which produces standard policy forms and rating loss costs and then submits these documents on the behalf of member insurers to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8678821",
"chunk_text": "Insurance\nit and the insured in the claim handling process. An entity seeking to transfer risk (an individual, corporation, or association of any type, etc.) becomes the 'insured' party once risk is assumed by an 'insurer', the insuring party, by means of a contract, called an insurance policy. Generally, an insurance contract includes, at a minimum, the following elements: identification of participating parties (the insurer, the insured, the beneficiaries), the premium, the period of coverage, the particular loss event covered, the amount of coverage (i.e., the amount to be paid to the insured or beneficiary in the event of a loss),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16143906",
"chunk_text": "\"Third-party administrator\"\na settlement or verdict within the SIR, then that is also paid by the insured up to the limit of the SIR, before the insurer steps in and pays its portion. The TPA acts like a claims adjuster for the insurance company and sometimes works in conjunction with the inside insurance company claims adjuster or an outside claims investigator as well as the defense counsel. The defense counsel in some situations is selected by the TPA. The point is that the larger the SIR, the more responsibility the TPA has over the control of the way the claim is handled",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5733373",
"chunk_text": "\"Public insurance adjusting\"\nPublic insurance adjusting Public insurance adjusters help policy holders receive payment from insurance companies. Public adjusters represent the policyholder for a small percentage of the resulting settlement money from the insurance claim. Public insurance adjusters represent the policyholder during the insurance claims process. These individuals or companies can inspect property damage, but cannot advise homeowners on questions of the law. They also help in building the case that is argued against the insurance company. Adjusters mostly represent clients who have been victim to property damage or loss. Most cases involve disasters including: fires, floods, hurricanes, frost damages, burglaries, and earthquakes.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1017861",
"chunk_text": "Interpleader\ninsurance policy), the stakeholder is released from the action and the claimants proceed against each other to determine which of them is legally entitled to the \"\"res\"\". A disinterested stakeholder is entitled to costs including attorney's fees. Except for the denominations of the parties, the action proceeds for the most part as other civil lawsuits in the same jurisdiction. In some jurisdictions, the \"\"res\"\" will earn interest at the legal rate until disbursed. The successful claimant is entitled to the interest as well as the principal. Interpleader had its origins as a civil procedure at common law, which was later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19123035",
"chunk_text": "\"Collateral protection insurance\"\nof 2007–2008 and the rise in foreclosures, lender purchased \"\"force-placed\"\" or \"\"lender-placed\"\" insurance became more prominent. Controversy has arisen over the price of this insurance, as well as loss ratio discrepancies, agent fees, and the relationships between the banking institutions and the insurance companies, which resulted in a regulatory investigation and settlement in the state of New York in 2013, eventually including both Assurant and QBE, which together accounted for 90% of the market. The defaulted borrower, or in many cases the owner of the mortgage such as the Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, ultimately pay for the insurance. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1152324",
"chunk_text": "\"Claims adjuster\"\nthird-person property damage from liability situations, such as motor vehicle accidents, slip and falls, dog bites, or alleged negligent behavior. Some adjusters handle both types of claims and are known as \"\"Multi-Line\"\" adjusters. Also \"\"All Lines Adjusters\"\" may handle \"\"any\"\" type of claim already identified and also include professional liability, Hospital Professional Liability, Excess Liability, Physicians and Surgeons Liability, Aircraft Liability/Hull, Inland Marine, Ocean Marine, Boiler and Machinery, as well as various types of Bond Losses. For a percentage of the settlement amount, Public adjusters work exclusively for the policyholder. This means there should be no inherent conflict of interest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14159776",
"chunk_text": "\"Chartered Institute of Loss Adjusters\"\narisen, and by negotiation reach agreement with the Insured on the measure of the loss and of Insurers' liability (if any), when they report to the Insurers giving their recommendation as to payment. The adjusters' duties extend to the apportionment of advantage, the collection of evidence to support repudiation of a claim, if this is necessary, or for the prosecution or rebuttal of third party claims, and generally to dealing with all matters that arise when claims are made. It became clear that it would be to advantage of all concerned if there could be friendly co-operation among the individual",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2154093",
"chunk_text": "\"Public adjuster\"\nbuilders' risk, mechanical and electrical breakdown, extra expense and expediting expense, and leasehold interest. Although it is uncommon for public adjusters to handle health insurance claims, in some states such as Florida they are legally authorized to handle claims in all lines of insurance except life and annuities. The public adjuster's main responsibilities are to: Typically a policyholder hires a public adjuster to document and expedite their claims, obtain a more satisfactory claim recovery, more quickly, and completely restore their residence or business operations, and insulate themselves from the stress of engaging in an adversarial role with a large corporation.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12267366",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance law\"\nThese state agencies are typically called the Department of Insurance, or some similar name, and the head official is the Insurance Commissioner, or a similar titled officer. The agency then creates a group of administrative regulations to govern insurance companies that are domiciled in, or do business in the state. In the United States regulation of insurance companies is almost exclusively conducted by the several states and their insurance departments. The federal government has explicitly exempted insurance from federal regulation in most cases. In the case that an insurer declares bankruptcy, many countries operate independent services and regulation to ensure",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4860686",
"chunk_text": "Interpleader\nInterpleader Interpleader is civil procedure that allows a plaintiff or a defendant to initiate a lawsuit in order to compel two or more other parties to litigate a dispute. An interpleader action originates when the plaintiff holds property on behalf of another, but does not know to whom the property should be transferred. It is often used to resolve disputes arising under insurance contracts. In an interpleader action, the party initiating the litigation, normally the plaintiff, is termed the \"\"stakeholder\"\". The money or other property in controversy is called the \"\"res\"\". All defendants having a possible interest in the subject",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19314469",
"chunk_text": "\"Florida Division of Insurance Fraud\"\nFlorida Division of Insurance Fraud Established by the legislature in 1976, The Division of Insurance Fraud is the law enforcement arm of the Department of Financial Services and is responsible for investigating insurance fraud; crimes associated with claim fraud, insurance premium fraud, workers' compensation claim fraud, workers’ compensation premium avoidance and diversions, insurer insolvency fraud, unauthorized insurance entity fraud and insurance agent crimes. The law enforcement detectives of the Division of Insurance Fraud also investigate viatical application fraud, defalcations of escrow funds held in trust by title insurance firms, and non-Medicaid related health care fraud. According to a 2007-2008 report",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16463457",
"chunk_text": "\"Texas Department of Insurance\"\na TDI Fraud Unit criminal investigator has completed a criminal investigation, the case is referred to a County, District and/or U.S. Attorney in order to seek indictment and prosecution. The TDI Fraud Unit employs criminal investigators, prosecutors, and crime analysts. Texas Department of Insurance The Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) regulates insurers and other companies that conduct insurance business in Texas, and assists Texas-based insurance consumers. TDI was founded in 1876 as the Department of Insurance, Statistics and History. The agency is headquartered at the William P. Hobby State Office Building at 333 Guadalupe Street in Austin, Texas, United States.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4860688",
"chunk_text": "Interpleader\nfile an interpleader action. The insurance company is the stakeholder, the claimants are the persons who might be beneficiaries under the policy, and the cash value of the policy benefit is the \"\"res\"\". Under the proceeding as originally developed, the stakeholder would deposit the \"\"res\"\" with the court, and then the defendants would have their claims adjudicated by the court. Statutory modifications to the procedure, which vary by jurisdiction, sometimes allow the stakeholder to retain the \"\"res\"\" pending final disposition of the case. Typically, once the stakeholder deposits the \"\"res\"\" into the court (for example, the face value of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "844699",
"chunk_text": "\"Liability insurance\"\nthe employee to prove that the injury occurred in the course of employment. If a third party other than the employer actually caused the injury, then the workers' compensation insurer (or self-insured employer) who is ordered to pay an employee's claim is usually entitled to initiate a subrogation action in the regular court system against the third party. In turn, workers' compensation insurance is regulated and underwritten separately from liability insurance. Just as the Insurance Services Office develops standard liability insurance forms and obtains approval for them from state insurance commissioners, the National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI) and various",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15456395",
"chunk_text": "\"Liability insurance\"\nthe plaintiff who obtained the judgement. Most policies provide for payment of monetary damages as well as any costs, expenses, and attorney's fees which the plaintiff may also be entitled to as the prevailing party. Unlike the duty to defend, the duty to indemnify extends only to those claims or causes of action in the plaintiff's complaint which are actually covered under the policy, since a final judgement against the insured would normally be supported by a factual record in the trial court showing exactly why the plaintiff prevailed (or failed to prevail) on each claim or cause of action.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "844667",
"chunk_text": "\"Liability insurance\"\na potential for coverage. Some jurisdictions allow extrinsic evidence to be considered, either because it is expressly described in the complaint or it is relevant to the facts expressly alleged in the complaint. If there is a duty to defend, it means the insurer must defend the insured against the entire lawsuit even if most of the claims or causes of action in the complaint are clearly not covered. An insurer can choose to defend unconditionally without reserving any rights, but by doing so, it waives (or is later estopped from asserting) the absence of coverage as a defense to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9801963",
"chunk_text": "Insurance\nand will not apply to results of wilful or intentional acts by the insured. Often a commercial insured's liability insurance program consists of several layers. The first layer of insurance generally consists of primary insurance, which provides first dollar indemnity for judgments and settlements up to the limits of liability of the primary policy. Generally, primary insurance is subject to a deductible and obligates the insured to defend the insured against lawsuits, which is normally accomplished by assigning counsel to defend the insured. In many instances, a commercial insured may elect to self-insure. Above the primary insurance or self-insured retention,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12267346",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance law\"\nInsurance law Insurance law is the practice of law surrounding insurance, including insurance policies and claims. It can be broadly broken into three categories - regulation of the business of insurance; regulation of the content of insurance policies, especially with regard to consumer policies; and regulation of claim handling. The earliest form of insurance is probably marine insurance, although forms of mutuality (group self-insurance) existed before that. Marine insurance originated with the merchants of the Hanseatic league and the financiers of Lombardy in the 12th and 13th centuries, recorded in the name of Lombard Street in the City of London,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8006261",
"chunk_text": "\"South African insurance law\"\nbehalf of the insured as \"\"dominus litis\"\". The insurer also has a right to information and assistance from the insured, together with a right to preservation of the claim, which usually takes the form of a clause in insurance contracts which requires the insured to take the necessary steps to protect the insurer's right to subrogation (even if the requirements for subrogation have not yet been met in full). In \"\"Commercial Union v Lotter\"\", the court held that the fact that the insured vehicle was a stolen vehicle compromised the appellant's right of subrogation. Having satisfied the claim of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4860701",
"chunk_text": "Interpleader\n. The may claim language added in 1948 codification to Title 28 of the United States Code in the definitions of claim allow interpleader for unliquidated claims, such as multiple claimant to a liability insurance policy injured in an accident before they are reduced to judgment or settled, however the injunction may only restrain the claimants from suits making claims against the \"\"res\"\" not suits to liquidate the claim or against third parties. The procedures for a Statutory Interpleader action are governed by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Rule 22(b). Interpleader is also allowed by the Federal Rules of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7152800",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance in the United States\"\nclaims settlement expenses, and the remaining $25 was allocated to insurer expenses. One study of fires found that most were caused by heating incidents, although smoking was a risk factor for fatal fires. After a loss, the insured is expected to take steps to mitigate the loss. Insurance policies typically require that the insurer be notified within a reasonable time period. After that, a claims adjuster will investigate the claim and the insured may be required to provide various information. Filing a claim may result in an increase in rates, or in nonrenewal or cancellation. In addition, insurers may share",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9801934",
"chunk_text": "Insurance\nloss. The loss may or may not be financial, but it must be reducible to financial terms, and usually involves something in which the insured has an insurable interest established by ownership, possession, or pre-existing relationship. The insured receives a contract, called the insurance policy, which details the conditions and circumstances under which the insurer will compensate the insured. The amount of money charged by the insurer to the insured for the coverage set forth in the insurance policy is called the premium. If the insured experiences a loss which is potentially covered by the insurance policy, the insured submits",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15456396",
"chunk_text": "\"Liability insurance\"\nThus, an insurer could have a duty to defend based on mere allegations that show a potential for coverage, but may not have a duty to indemnify if the evidence supporting a final judgement against the insured also takes those claims or causes of action completely outside of the policy's scope of coverage. While the duty to defend and the duty to settle are rare outside of English-speaking North America, the duty to indemnify is universally found in liability insurance policies. In some jurisdictions, there is a third duty, the duty to settle a reasonably clear claim against the insured.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17133484",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance investigator\"\nclaimed (very often examined in conjunction with medical staff). Surveillance is often employed in such circumstances to verify the claim. Another form of lesser known fraud is that of claiming on an insurance policy for injuries sustained before the policy came into effect. For example, in a road accident, a person may claim to have sustained a debilitating back injury. On investigation, however, it transpires that the injury had been sustained in an incident some months or even years before. Very often insurance companies and investigators will study medical reports and history to eliminate this possibility, as well as searching",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1017859",
"chunk_text": "Interpleader\nmatter of the case are called \"\"claimants\"\". In some jurisdictions, the plaintiff is referred to as the \"\"plaintiff-in-interpleader\"\" and each claimant a \"\"claimant-in-interpleader\"\". An interpleader proceeding has two stages. The first stage determines if the stakeholder is entitled to an interpleader and if he should be discharged from liability. The second stage is like an action at law to determine which of the claimants is entitled to the res. For example, suppose a person dies with a life insurance policy. However, the insurance company knows there will be a dispute over who should receive the proceeds. The insurance company can",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8678820",
"chunk_text": "Insurance\nand then be \"\"reimbursed\"\" by the insurance carrier for the loss and out of pocket costs including, with the permission of the insurer, claim expenses. Under a \"\"pay on behalf\"\" policy, the insurance carrier would defend and pay a claim on behalf of the insured who would not be out of pocket for anything. Most modern liability insurance is written on the basis of \"\"pay on behalf\"\" language which enables the insurance carrier to manage and control the claim. Under an \"\"indemnification\"\" policy, the insurance carrier can generally either \"\"reimburse\"\" or \"\"pay on behalf of\"\", whichever is more beneficial to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8678822",
"chunk_text": "Insurance\nand exclusions (events not covered). An insured is thus said to be \"\"indemnified\"\" against the loss covered in the policy. When insured parties experience a loss for a specified peril, the coverage entitles the policyholder to make a claim against the insurer for the covered amount of loss as specified by the policy. The fee paid by the insured to the insurer for assuming the risk is called the premium. Insurance premiums from many insureds are used to fund accounts reserved for later payment of claims – in theory for a relatively few claimants – and for overhead costs. So",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6780433",
"chunk_text": "Indemnity\nindemnity for various kinds of loss arising from operation of the car, such as damage to the car itself, or medical expenses following an accident. In an agency context, a principal may be obligated to indemnify their agent for liabilities incurred while carrying out responsibilities under the relationship. While the events giving rise to an indemnity may be specified by contract, the actions that must be taken to compensate the injured party are largely unpredictable, and the maximum compensation is often expressly limited. Under section 4 of the Statute of Frauds (1677), a \"\"guarantee\"\" (an undertaking of secondary liability; to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13566020",
"chunk_text": "\"Public insurance adjusting\"\nAssociation of Public Insurance Adjusters, which helps to coordinate claims and make the business environment open to adjusters. Public insurance adjusting Public insurance adjusters help policy holders receive payment from insurance companies. Public adjusters represent the policyholder for a small percentage of the resulting settlement money from the insurance claim. Public insurance adjusters represent the policyholder during the insurance claims process. These individuals or companies can inspect property damage, but cannot advise homeowners on questions of the law. They also help in building the case that is argued against the insurance company. Adjusters mostly represent clients who have been victim",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2040280",
"chunk_text": "\"Insurance law\"\nAs a result, most legal systems worldwide apply common-law principles to the adjudication of commercial insurance disputes, whereby it is accepted that the insurer and the insured are more-or-less equal partners in the division of the economic burden of risk. Most, and until 2005 all, common law jurisdictions require the insured to have an insurable interest in the subject matter of the insurance. An insurable interest is that legal or equitable relationship between the insured and the subject matter of the insurance, separate from the existence of the insurance relationship, by which the insured would be prejudiced by the occurrence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19630404",
"chunk_text": "\"Conflict of interest\"\nbe in the group's interest to end the ethical problem to which the public has knowledge, but keep remaining breaches hidden. Insurance companies retain claims adjusters to represent their interest in adjusting claims. It is in the best interest of the insurance companies that the very smallest settlement is reached with its claimants. Based on the adjuster's experience and knowledge of the insurance policy it is very easy for the adjuster to convince an unknowing claimant to settle for less than what they may otherwise be entitled which could be a larger settlement. There is always a very good chance",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20619033",
"chunk_text": "\"California Department of Insurance\"\nare fair, reasonable, and adequate. The California Insurance Code (CIC) requires that the CDI provides licensing examinations for brokers and agents, and that the department must investigate suspected violations of the CIC by businesses and individuals who possess CDI licenses. The CDI also oversees the licensing of bail bond agents. The CDI is charged with responsibility for investigating and arresting those who commit insurance fraud, in order to protect the public from loss and distress. Claimant, agent, and insurance company fraud is investigated and prosecuted by the agency. The agency maintains criminal investigators in many parts of the state. Investigators",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_980
|
where did the rulers of the qing dynasty originate?
|
n/a
|
[
"Manchuria"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18675491",
"chunk_text": "\"Names of the Qing dynasty\"\nNames of the Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty () was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria (modern Northeast China) in the 17th century and became known by various names. Although it was established by the Manchu people, a Tungusic people ethnically unrelated to the native Chinese (Han Chinese), it was widely known in English as China or the Chinese Empire both during its existence, especially internationally, and after the fall of the dynasty. In 1616 Nurhaci declared himself the \"\"Bright Khan\"\" of the \"\"Later Jin\"\" state (; Jurchen/Manchu: \"\"Amaga Aisin gurun\"\") in honor both of the 12–13th",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6193321",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nQing dynasty The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing (), was the last imperial dynasty of China. It was established in 1636, and ruled China proper from 1644 to 1912. It was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The Qing multi-cultural empire lasted for almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for modern China. It was the fifth largest empire in world history. The dynasty was founded by the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria. In the late sixteenth century, Nurhaci, originally a Ming Jianzhou Guard vassal, began organizing \"\"Banners\"\", military-social units that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16739626",
"chunk_text": "\"Names of the Qing dynasty\"\nin Chinese-language version of treaties during the Qing dynasty (in Chinese version of the treaties the word for Great (大) always appeared before the word for Qing (淸) Names of the Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty () was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria (modern Northeast China) in the 17th century and became known by various names. Although it was established by the Manchu people, a Tungusic people ethnically unrelated to the native Chinese (Han Chinese), it was widely known in English as China or the Chinese Empire both during its existence, especially internationally, and after the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20665531",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty in Inner Asia\"\nYuan, a Qing government agency that oversaw the empire's frontier regions. The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who form the majority of the Chinese population, but by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. What was to become the Manchu state was founded by Nurhaci, the chieftain of a minor Jurchen tribethe Aisin Gioroin Jianzhou in the early 17th century. Originally a vassal of the Ming emperors, Nurhaci embarked on an intertribal feud in 1582 that escalated into a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15890644",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nnational artistic and cultural worlds had begun to come to terms with the cosmopolitan culture of the West and Japan. The decision to stay within old forms or welcome Western models was now a conscious choice rather than an unchallenged acceptance of tradition. Classically trained Confucian scholars such as Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei read widely and broke aesthetic and critical ground later cultivated in the New Culture Movement. Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing (), was the last imperial dynasty of China. It was established in 1636, and ruled China proper from 1644 to 1912. It",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15890512",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\naround the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Manchus are sometimes mistaken for a nomadic people, which they were not. What was to become the Manchu state was founded by Nurhaci, the chieftain of a minor Jurchen tribethe Aisin Gioroin Jianzhou in the early 17th century. Originally a vassal of the Ming emperors, Nurhaci embarked on an intertribal feud in 1582 that escalated into a campaign to unify the nearby tribes. By 1616, he had sufficiently consolidated Jianzhou so as to be able to proclaim himself Khan of the Great Jin in reference to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "729262",
"chunk_text": "\"Manchuria under Qing rule\"\nManchuria under Qing rule Manchuria under Qing rule was the rule of the Qing dynasty over Manchuria, including today's Northeast China and Outer Manchuria. The Qing dynasty itself was established by the Manchus, a Tungusic people coming from Manchuria, who later conquered the Ming dynasty and became the ruler of China. Thus, Manchuria enjoyed a somewhat special status during the Qing and was not governed as regular provinces until the late Qing dynasty. The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who form the majority of the Chinese population, but by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6193330",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\n(Manchu: \"\"Dulimbai gurun i bithe\"\") included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and \"\"Chinese people\"\" (中國之人 \"\"Zhōngguó zhī rén\"\"; Manchu: \"\"Dulimbai gurun i niyalma\"\") referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used \"\"Qing\"\" and \"\"China\"\" interchangeably. The dynasty was sometimes referred to as the \"\"Manchu dynasty\"\" or “Pure dynasty” in foreign language sources. The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15890585",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\ntribute to the Mir of Hunza, who exercised control over the pastures. Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798. The Qing organization of provinces was based on the fifteen administrative units set up by the Ming dynasty, later made into eighteen provinces by splitting for example, Huguang into Hubei and Hunan provinces. The provincial bureaucracy continued the Yuan and Ming practice of three parallel lines, civil, military, and censorate, or surveillance. Each province was administered by a governor (, \"\"xunfu\"\") and a provincial military commander",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18912301",
"chunk_text": "\"Names of the Qing dynasty\"\ncentury Jurchen Jin dynasty and of his Aisin Gioro clan (\"\"Aisin\"\" being Manchu for the Chinese (\"\"jīn\"\", \"\"gold\"\")). The dynasty became known as the \"\"Later Jin dynasty\"\" by historians. His son Hong Taiji renamed the dynasty \"\"Great Qing\"\" in 1636, which entered China proper in 1644. The name \"\"Great Qing\"\" first appeared in 1636. There are competing explanations on the meaning of \"\"Qīng\"\" (lit. \"\"clear\"\" or \"\"pure\"\"). The name may have been selected in reaction to the name of the Ming dynasty (), which is composed of elements \"\"sun\"\" () and \"\"moon\"\" (), both associated with the fire element of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18675494",
"chunk_text": "\"Names of the Qing dynasty\"\nthat means \"\"warrior\"\". After conquering China proper, the Manchus commonly called their state \"\"Zhongguo\"\" (, lit. \"\"Central State\"\" or \"\"Middle Kingdom\"\"), and referred to it as \"\"Dulimbai Gurun\"\" in Manchu (\"\"Dulimbai\"\" means \"\"central\"\" or \"\"middle,\"\" \"\"gurun\"\" means \"\"nation\"\" or \"\"state\"\"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as \"\"Zhongguo\"\" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that \"\"Zhongguo\"\" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of \"\"Zhongguo\"\". They",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6193329",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\n\"\"central\"\" or \"\"middle,\"\" \"\"gurun\"\" means \"\"nation\"\" or \"\"state\"\"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present-day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as \"\"China\"\" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that \"\"China\"\" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of \"\"China\"\". They used both \"\"China\"\" and \"\"Qing\"\" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as \"\"China\"\" or the \"\"Chinese Empire\"\") and foreign affairs, and \"\"Chinese language\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11482243",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nincluded Manchu, Han, and Mongol elements. Nurhaci formed the Manchu clans into a unified entity. By 1636, his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of Liaodong and declared a new dynasty, the Qing. In 1644, peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital, Beijing. Rather than serve them, Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by the regent Prince Dorgon, who defeated the rebels and seized the capital. Resistance from the Southern Ming and the Revolt of the Three Feudatories led by Wu",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6554953",
"chunk_text": "\"Liao dynasty\"\nLiao dynasty The Liao dynasty (; Khitan: \"\"Mos Jælud\"\"; ), also known as the Liao Empire, officially the Great Liao (), or the Khitan (Qidan) State (Khitan: \"\"Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur\"\"), was an empire in East Asia that ruled from 907 to 1125 over present-day Mongolia and portions of the Russian Far East, Manchuria, northern China, and northeastern Korea. The empire was founded by Yelü Abaoji, Khagan of the Khitans around the time of the collapse of Tang China and was the first state to control all of Manchuria. Almost immediately after its founding, the Khitan Empire began a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16739615",
"chunk_text": "\"Names of the Qing dynasty\"\nthe Chinese zodiacal system. The character \"\"Qīng\"\" () is composed of \"\"water\"\" () and \"\"azure\"\" (), both associated with the water element. This association would justify the Qing conquest as defeat of fire by water. The water imagery of the new name may also have had Buddhist overtones of perspicacity and enlightenment and connections with the Bodhisattva Manjusri. \"\"Qing\"\" is also the name of several rivers in Manchuria, at one of which Nurhaci won a key battle in 1619. It may also be possible to come from the Manchu name \"\"daicing\"\", which may have been derived from a Mongolian word",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6193327",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\n1636. There are competing explanations on the meaning of \"\"Qīng\"\" (lit. \"\"clear\"\" or \"\"pure\"\"). The name may have been selected in reaction to the name of the Ming dynasty (), which consists of the Chinese characters for \"\"sun\"\" () and \"\"moon\"\" (), both associated with the fire element of the Chinese zodiacal system. The character \"\"Qīng\"\" () is composed of \"\"water\"\" () and \"\"azure\"\" (), both associated with the water element. This association would justify the Qing conquest as defeat of fire by water. The water imagery of the new name may also have had Buddhist overtones of perspicacity and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11482333",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nUpper Three Banners. By the 19th century, it managed the activities of at least 56 subagencies. Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the 19th",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15890588",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\n1762 to exercise unified military and administrative jurisdiction over both regions. Dzungaria was fully opened to Han migration by the Qianlong Emperor from the beginning. Han migrants were at first forbidden from permanently settling in the Tarim Basin but were the ban was lifted after the invasion by Jahangir Khoja in the 1820s. Likewise, Manchuria was also governed by military generals until its division into provinces, though some areas of Xinjiang and Northeast China were lost to the Russian Empire in the mid-19th century. Manchuria was originally separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6193411",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nplanted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese, as the area was off-limits to civilian Han Chinese until the government started colonizing the area, especially since the 1860s. With respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of the Dungan revolt in northwest China, Yaqub Beg invaded Xinjiang from Central Asia with support from the British Empire, and made himself",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7756642",
"chunk_text": "Qinghai\nsome under the titular authority of China. The Song dynasty defeated the Tibetan Kokonor Kingdom in the 1070s. During the Yuan dynasty's administrative rule of Tibet, the region comprising the headwaters of the Yellow and Yangtze rivers - what modern Tibetan nationalists call \"\"Amdo\"\" - was apportioned to different administrative divisions than Tibet proper. Most of Qinghai was once also a short time under the control of early Ming dynasty, but later gradually lost to the Khoshut Khanate founded by the Oirats. The Xunhua Salar Autonomous County is where most Salar people live in Qinghai. The Salars migrated to Qinghai",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8295320",
"chunk_text": "\"History of China\"\ndynasty was to station at the Shanhai Pass to guard the last stronghold against the Manchus, which weakened its suppression of internal peasants uprisings. The Qing dynasty (1644–1911) was the last imperial dynasty in China. Founded by the Manchus, it was the second conquest dynasty to rule the entire territory of China and its people. The Manchus were formerly known as Jurchens, residing in the northeastern part of the Ming territory outside the Great Wall. They emerged as the major threat to the late Ming dynasty after Nurhaci united all Jurchen tribes and established an independent state. However, the Ming",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18675496",
"chunk_text": "\"Names of the Qing dynasty\"\nThe Qing became widely known internationally in English as \"\"China\"\" or the \"\"Chinese Empire\"\", with \"\"China\"\" being the standard English translation of \"\"Zhongguo\"\" or \"\"Dulimbai Gurun\"\". They were commonly used in international communications and treaties in addition to English-language mass media and newspapers etc. during the Qing. Because the Qing dynasty was established by the Manchu people, a Tungusic people who saw themselves as heirs to both the Son of Heaven and earlier multi-ethnic empires, and because the empire had extended its control into Inner Asia, the court commonly used Chinese, Manchu, Mongol, Tibetan, and Uighur names for their realm.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "2399501",
"chunk_text": "\"Transition from Ming to Qing\"\nTransition from Ming to Qing The transition from Ming to Qing or the Ming–Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a decades-long period of conflict between the Qing dynasty, established by Manchu clan Aisin Gioro in Manchuria (contemporary Northeastern China), and the Ming dynasty of China in the south (various other regional or temporary powers were also associated with events, such as the short-lived Shun dynasty). Leading up to the Qing conquest, in 1618, Aisin Gioro leader Nurhaci commissioned a document entitled the Seven Grievances, which enumerated grievances against the Ming and began to rebel against",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16739619",
"chunk_text": "\"Names of the Qing dynasty\"\nThe Qing dynasty was established in Chinese as Great Qing (大清) in 1636, but other Chinese names containing the name \"\"Qing\"\" had appeared in official documents such as treaties, including \"\"Da Qing Guo\"\" (大清國, \"\"Great Qing State\"\"), \"\"Da Qing Di Guo\"\" (大清帝國, \"\"Empire of the Great Qing\"\"), and \"\"Zhong Hua Da Qing Guo\"\" (中華大清國, \"\"Chinese Great Qing State\"\"), in addition to the name \"\"Zhongguo\"\" (中國). In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used \"\"Qing\"\" and \"\"\"\"Zhongguo\"\"\"\" interchangeably. Apart from \"\"Zhongguo\"\", the Qing court routinely used other terms as well in referring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8601702",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty coinage\"\nPrior to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, the Jurchen people (later renamed the Manchus) created the Jin dynasty after an earlier Jurchen dynasty. For this reason historians refer to this state as the \"\"Later Jin\"\". Nurhaci had united the many tribes of the Jianzhou and Haixi Jurchens under the leadership of the Aisin Gioro clan, and later ordered the creation of Manchu script based on the Mongolian vertical script. Hong Taiji renamed the Jin dynasty into the Qing dynasty, and the Jurchen people into the Manchu people, while adopting more ethnic inclusive policies towards Han Chinese people in order",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5577212",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nthe Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order. In the following century, markets continued to expand as in the late Ming period, but with more trade between regions, a greater dependence on overseas markets and a greatly increased population. By the end of the 18th century the population had risen to 300 million from approximately 150 million during the late Ming dynasty. The dramatic rise in population was due to several reasons, including the long period of peace and stability in the 18th",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15826153",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing poetry\"\ngrowing body of scholarly literature associated with its study. Both the poetry of the Ming dynasty and the poetry of the Qing dynasty are studied for poetry associated with Chinese opera, the developmental trends of Classical Chinese poetry and the transition to the more vernacular type of Modern Chinese poetry, as well as poetry by women in Chinese culture. The Qing dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1911 with a brief restoration, in 1917. The Qing Dynasty was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China. The dynasty was founded",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11482245",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nwith Manchus. They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in dealing with neighboring territories. During the Qianlong Emperor reign (1735–1796) the dynasty reached its apogee, but then began its initial decline in prosperity and imperial control. The population rose to some 400 millions, but taxes and government revenues were fixed at a low rate, virtually guaranteeing eventual fiscal crisis. Corruption set in, rebels tested government legitimacy, and ruling elites failed to change their mindsets in the face of changes in the world system. Following the Opium Wars, European powers imposed \"\"unequal treaties\"\", free trade, extraterritoriality and treaty ports",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11482301",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nin the history of the dynasty. Qianlong's son, the Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796–1820), eventually forced Heshen to commit suicide. China also began suffering from mounting overpopulation during this period. Population growth was stagnant for the first half of the 17th century due to civil wars and epidemics, but prosperity and internal stability gradually reversed this trend. The introduction of new crops from the Americas such as the potato and peanut allowed an improved food supply as well, so that the total population of China during the 18th century ballooned from 100 million to 300 million people. Soon all available farmland",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11482306",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nwith the help of the Khafiyya Sufi Muslims. The Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813 broke out in 1813. However, during the 18th century European empires gradually expanded across the world, as European states developed economies built on maritime trade. The dynasty was confronted with newly developing concepts of the international system and state to state relations. European trading posts expanded into territorial control in nearby India and on the islands that are now Indonesia. The Qing response, successful for a time, was to establish the Canton System in 1756, which restricted maritime trade to that city (modern-day Guangzhou) and gave",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15890587",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\neight. By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central government institution called Lifan Yuan. Qinghai was also put under direct control of the Qing court. Xinjiang, also known as Chinese Turkestan, was subdivided into the regions north and south of the Tian Shan mountains, also known today as Dzungaria and Tarim Basin respectively, but the post of Ili General was established in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5577165",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nto their court costumes. During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a small circular emblem on the back, whereas Han officials wore clothing with a square emblem. In addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government. This institution was established to supervise the administration of Tibet and the Mongol lands. As the empire expanded, it took over administrative responsibility of all minority ethnic groups living in and around the empire, including early contacts with Russia – then seen as a tribute nation. The office",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2835618",
"chunk_text": "\"High Qing era\"\nHigh Qing era The High Qing era (1683—1839) refers to the period of the Qing dynasty in China during which the country's prosperity grew to new heights. Set after the rule of the Ming dynasty, the High Qing saw China transformed into a commercial state with nearly twice the population of its predecessor, due to high political stability. Improvements in litteracy also took place during this period. The defining characteristics of the High Qing Empire are its new generation of rulers, commercialization, and territorial expansion. Firstly, a new generation of emperors that combined the strengths of their culture in addition",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5577182",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nmix of Banner and Green Standard officers. Banner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the , and around the time of the Qing takeover of Beijing, their numbers rapidly swelled. Han Bannermen held high status and power in the early Qing period, especially immediately after the conquest during Shunzhi and Kangxi's reign where they dominated Governor-Generalships and Governorships across China at the expense",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6303383",
"chunk_text": "Qinghai\nQinghai province was established in 1928 under the Republic of China period during which it was ruled by Chinese Muslim warlords known as the Ma clique. The Chinese name, \"\"Qinghai\"\" is named after Qinghai Lake (\"\"cyan sea lake\"\"), the largest lake in China. The province was known formerly as Kokonur in English, derived from the Oirat name for Qinghai Lake. During China's Bronze Age, Qinghai was home to the Qiang people who traditionally made a living in agriculture and husbandry, the Kayue culture. The eastern part of the area of Qinghai was under the control of the Han dynasty about",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2399506",
"chunk_text": "\"Transition from Ming to Qing\"\nwas a peasant rebellion in Beijing in 1644 and a series of weak emperors. Ming power would hold out in what is now southern China for years, though eventually would be overtaken by the Manchus. The Manchus are sometimes misdescribed as a nomadic people, when in fact they were not nomads, but a sedentary agricultural people who lived in fixed villages, farmed crops, practiced hunting and mounted archery. Their main military formation was infantry wielding bows and arrows, swords, and pikes while cavalry was kept in the rear. The Jianzhou Jurchen chief, Nurhaci, is retrospectively identified as the founder of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6008990",
"chunk_text": "\"Shunzhi Emperor\"\nShunzhi Emperor The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661) was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty and the first Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1644 to 1661. A committee of Manchu princes chose him to succeed his father, Hong Taiji (1592–1643), in September 1643, when he was five years old. The princes also appointed two co-regents: Dorgon (1612–1650), the 14th son of the Qing dynasty's founder Nurhaci (1559–1626), and Jirgalang (1599–1655), one of Nurhaci's nephews, both of whom were members of the Qing imperial clan. From 1643 to 1650, political power lay mostly in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11482352",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nRepublic of China. The most significant fact of early and mid-Qing social history was population growth. The population doubled during the 18th century, and by 2000, the population had already quickly exceeded 1.25 billion. One of the main reasons for this growth was the increase in New World crops like peanuts, sweet potatoes, and potatoes, which helped to sustain the people during shortages of harvest for crops such as rice or wheat. This was because these crops were often easier to grow and thus cheaper as well, which led to them becoming staples for poorer farmers. Another reason, aided by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4319769",
"chunk_text": "\"Prince Rui (睿)\"\nPrince Rui (睿) Prince Rui of the First Rank, or simply Prince Rui, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). It was also one of the 12 \"\"iron-cap\"\" princely peerages in the Qing dynasty, which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded. The first bearer of the title was Dorgon (1612–1650), the 14th son of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. He was awarded the title in 1636 by his half-brother, Huangtaiji, who succeeded their father as the ruler of the Qing Empire. After Dorgon's death,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6193388",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\ncame to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended the throne. She, the Empress Dowager Ci'an (who had been Xianfeng's empress), and Prince Gong (a son of the Daoguang Emperor), staged a coup that ousted several regents for the boy emperor. Between 1861 and 1873, she and Ci'an served as regents, choosing the reign title \"\"Tongzhi\"\" (ruling together). Following the emperor's death in 1875, Cixi's nephew, the Guangxu Emperor, took the throne, in violation of the dynastic custom that the new emperor be of the next generation, and another regency began. In the spring of 1881,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19300315",
"chunk_text": "\"Chinese emperors family tree (late)\"\nand established a state for those who wished restore the Ming dynasty to power. This state lasted until 1683, when it submitted to the Qing dynasty. Legend: The following is a simplified family tree for the Qing dynasty, which ruled China between 1644 and the declaration of the Republic of China on January 1, 1912. Those who became emperor of China are listed in bold, with their years of reign. Nurhaci and Hong Taiji were emperors of the dynasty, which at the time dominated the Manchuria region, but were not emperors of China as a whole; their years of reign",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2089294",
"chunk_text": "\"Aisin Gioro\"\nAisin Gioro Aisin Gioro was the imperial clan of Manchu emperors of the Qing dynasty. The House of Aisin Gioro ruled China from 1644 until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911-12, which established a republican government in its place. The word \"\"aisin\"\" means \"\"gold\"\" in the Manchu language, and \"\"gioro\"\" is the name of the Aisin Gioro's ancestral home in present-day Yilan, Heilongjiang Province. In Manchu custom, families are identified first by their \"\"hala\"\" (哈拉), i.e. their family or clan name, and then by \"\"mukūn\"\" (穆昆), the more detailed classification, typically referring to individual families. In the case of Aisin Gioro,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11482334",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\ncentury, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan following the First Sino-Japanese War by the end of the century. In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. The Katoor dynasty of Afghanistan also paid tribute to the Qing dynasty of China until the mid-19th century. During the Qing dynasty the Chinese claimed suzerainty over the Taghdumbash Pamir in the south west of Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County but permitted the Mir of Hunza to administer the region in return for a tribute. Until 1937 the inhabitants paid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15826154",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing poetry\"\nby the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan in contemporary Northeastern China, under the rule of Nurhaci, a former vassal of the Ming emperors. By 1635, Nurhaci's son Hong Taiji could claim they constituted a single and united Manchu people and eventually they seized control of Beijing and overthrew Li Zicheng's short-lived Shun Dynasty, completing their conquest of China around 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor. Over the course of its reign, the Qing integration with Chinese culture included the continuation of Chinese literature and Classical Chinese poetry. The imperial examinations continued and Han civil servants administered the empire alongside Manchu ones. Classical",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6193396",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nwas quickly reversed by republican troops. In the 1930s, the Empire of Japan invaded Northeast China and founded Manchukuo in 1932, with Puyi as its emperor. After the invasion by the Soviet Union, Manchukuo fell in 1945. The early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between Han Chinese and Manchus, with some positions also given to Mongols. Like previous dynasties, the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system, until the system was abolished in 1905. The Qing divided the positions into civil and military positions, each having nine grades",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "11482285",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nout for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, ennobled as feudal princes (藩王), and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China. The chief of these was Wu Sangui, who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, while generals Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong were given Guangdong and Fujian provinces respectively. As the years went by, the three feudal lords and their extensive territories became increasingly autonomous. Finally, in 1673, Shang Kexi petitioned Kangxi for permission to retire to his hometown in Liaodong province and nominated his son as his successor. The young emperor granted his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11482307",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing dynasty\"\nmonopoly trading rights to private Chinese merchants. The British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company had long before been granted similar monopoly rights by their governments. In 1793, the British East India Company, with the support of the British government, sent a delegation to China under Lord George Macartney in order to open free trade and put relations on a basis of equality. The imperial court viewed trade as of secondary interest, whereas the British saw maritime trade as the key to their economy. The Qianlong Emperor told Macartney \"\"the kings of the myriad nations come by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5353325",
"chunk_text": "\"Qing River\"\nProvincial Scenic Area that includes a series of scenic sites along the course of the Qing River upstream from the Geheyan Dam up to the Shuibuya Salt Springs. Qing River The Qing River () is a right (southern) tributary of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in Hubei province of south-central China. The Qing River Headwaters originate at Tenglong Cave (Teng Long Dong) near Lichuan City, in Hubei's southwestern corner. The river is long. Its drainage area is 17,000 km², occupying large portions of the Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Yichang Prefecture-level city. The Qing River (Qing Jiang) confluence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16544704",
"chunk_text": "\"Military of the Qing dynasty\"\nMilitary of the Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty (1636–1912) was established by conquest and maintained by armed force. The founding emperors personally organized and led the armies, and the continued cultural and political legitimacy of the dynasty depended on the ability to defend the country from invasion and expand its territory. Therefore, military institutions, leadership, and finance were fundamental to the dynasty's initial success and ultimate decay. The early military system centered on the Eight Banners, a hybrid institution that also played social, economic, and political roles. The Banner system was developed on an informal basis as early as 1601,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19681820",
"chunk_text": "\"Kangxi Emperor\"\nKangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654 – 20 December 1722), personal name Xuanye, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722. The Kangxi Emperor's reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning emperor in Chinese history (although his grandson, the Qianlong Emperor, had the longest period of \"\"de facto\"\" power) and one of the longest-reigning rulers in the world. However, since he ascended the throne at the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_981
|
what word is used to describe knowledge about the universe and method of obtaining that knowledge?
|
n/a
|
[
"epistemology",
"Empiricism"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17059114",
"chunk_text": "Knowledge\nKnowledge Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. Knowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); it can be more or less formal or systematic. In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology; the philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as \"\"justified true belief\"\", though this definition is now thought by some analytic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17059130",
"chunk_text": "Knowledge\naccordingly. Intuition is the ability to acquire partial knowledge without inference or the use of reason. An individual may \"\"know\"\" about a situation and be unable to explain the process that led to their knowledge. The development of the scientific method has made a significant contribution to how knowledge of the physical world and its phenomena is acquired. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning and experimentation. The scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12895137",
"chunk_text": "Universe\nThe Universe is often defined as \"\"the totality of existence\"\", or everything that exists, everything that has existed, and everything that will exist. In fact, some philosophers and scientists support the inclusion of ideas and abstract concepts – such as mathematics and logic – in the definition of the Universe. The word \"\"universe\"\" may also refer to concepts such as \"\"the cosmos\"\", \"\"the world\"\", and \"\"nature\"\". The word \"\"universe\"\" derives from the Old French word \"\"univers\"\", which in turn derives from the Latin word \"\"universum\"\". The Latin word was used by Cicero and later Latin authors in many of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "291420",
"chunk_text": "Cosmos\nCosmos The cosmos (, ) is the universe. Using the word \"\"cosmos\"\" rather than the word \"\"universe\"\" implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity; the opposite of chaos. The cosmos, and our understanding of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in cosmology - a very broad discipline covering any scientific, religious, or philosophical contemplation of the cosmos and its nature, or reasons for existing. Religious and philosophical approaches may include in their concepts of the cosmos various spiritual entities or other matters deemed to exist outside our physical universe. The philosopher Pythagoras",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10981279",
"chunk_text": "Knowledge\nof one's religious knowledge may vary from person to person, as will the degree to which it may occupy the person's mind (frequency), the intensity of the knowledge, and the centrality of the information (in that religious tradition, or to that individual). Knowledge Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. Knowledge can refer to a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12544265",
"chunk_text": "Episteme\nEpisteme \"\"Episteme\"\" is a philosophical term derived from the Ancient Greek word ἐπιστήμη \"\"epistēmē\"\", which can refer to knowledge, science or understanding, and which comes from the verb , meaning \"\"to know, to understand, or to be acquainted with\"\". Plato contrasts episteme with \"\"doxa\"\": common belief or opinion. Episteme is also distinguished from \"\"techne\"\": a craft or applied practice. The word \"\"epistemology\"\" is derived from episteme. The French philosopher Michel Foucault used the term \"\"épistémè\"\" in a specialized sense in his work \"\"The Order of Things\"\" to mean the historical, but non-temporal, \"\"a priori\"\" which grounds knowledge and its discourses",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19015846",
"chunk_text": "Jnana\nJnana In Indian philosophy and religion, jñāna (Sanskrit, pronounced gya:nə) (Pali: \"\"ñāṇa\"\") or gyan/gian (Hindi: \"\"jñān\"\") is \"\"knowledge\"\". The idea of jnana centers on a cognitive event which is recognized when experienced. It is knowledge inseparable from the total experience of reality, especially a total or divine reality (Brahman). The root jñā- is cognate to English \"\"know\"\", as well as to the Greek γνώ- (as in γνῶσις \"\"gnosis\"\") and Russian \"\"знание\"\". Its antonym is \"\"ajñāna\"\" \"\"ignorance\"\". In Tibetan Buddhism, it refers to pure awareness that is free of conceptual encumbrances, and is contrasted with vijnana, which is a moment of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7682797",
"chunk_text": "Occult\nfeeding new spiritual springs; the soil in which new spiritualities are growing\"\". Occult The occult (from the Latin word \"\"occultus\"\" \"\"clandestine, hidden, secret\"\") is \"\"knowledge of the hidden\"\" or \"\"knowledge of the paranormal\"\", as opposed to facts and \"\"knowledge of the measurable\"\", usually referred to as science. The term is sometimes taken to mean knowledge that \"\"is meant only for certain people\"\" or that \"\"must be kept hidden\"\", but for most practicing occultists it is simply the study of a deeper spiritual reality that extends pure reason and the physical sciences. The terms \"\"esoteric\"\" and \"\"arcane\"\" can also be used",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7682776",
"chunk_text": "Occult\nOccult The occult (from the Latin word \"\"occultus\"\" \"\"clandestine, hidden, secret\"\") is \"\"knowledge of the hidden\"\" or \"\"knowledge of the paranormal\"\", as opposed to facts and \"\"knowledge of the measurable\"\", usually referred to as science. The term is sometimes taken to mean knowledge that \"\"is meant only for certain people\"\" or that \"\"must be kept hidden\"\", but for most practicing occultists it is simply the study of a deeper spiritual reality that extends pure reason and the physical sciences. The terms \"\"esoteric\"\" and \"\"arcane\"\" can also be used to describe the occult, in addition to their meanings unrelated to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1035442",
"chunk_text": "Intuition\nIntuition Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without proof, evidence, or conscious reasoning, or without understanding how the knowledge was acquired. Different writers give the word \"\"intuition\"\" a great variety of different meanings, ranging from direct access to unconscious knowledge, unconscious cognition, inner sensing, inner insight to unconscious pattern-recognition and the ability to understand something instinctively, without the need for conscious reasoning. The word \"\"intuition\"\" comes from the Latin verb \"\"intueri\"\" translated as \"\"consider\"\" or from the late middle English word \"\"intuit\"\", \"\"to contemplate\"\". Both Eastern and Western philosophers have studied the concept in great detail. Philosophy of mind",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4019040",
"chunk_text": "Aparoksha\nAparoksha Aparoksha (Sanskrit: अपरोक्ष), a Sanskrit adjective meaning not invisible or perceptible, refers to direct intuitive knowledge which is one of the seven stages of knowledge or conditions of Chidabhasa, the first three being the sources of bondage and the rest four being the processes of liberation; and to the continuation of the deepening of conventional knowledge. It removes sorrows. According to Indian Philosophy, the three traditional kinds of knowledge are – \"\"pratyaksha\"\" (empirical), \"\"paroksha\"\" (conventional, universal) and \"\"aparoksha\"\" (transcendental). \"\"Aparoksha\"\" is the highest kind of knowledge which cannot be gained without the practice of morality that converts \"\"paroksha\"\" knowledge",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12544279",
"chunk_text": "Episteme\nspeech-act theory for political purposes. Episteme \"\"Episteme\"\" is a philosophical term derived from the Ancient Greek word ἐπιστήμη \"\"epistēmē\"\", which can refer to knowledge, science or understanding, and which comes from the verb , meaning \"\"to know, to understand, or to be acquainted with\"\". Plato contrasts episteme with \"\"doxa\"\": common belief or opinion. Episteme is also distinguished from \"\"techne\"\": a craft or applied practice. The word \"\"epistemology\"\" is derived from episteme. The French philosopher Michel Foucault used the term \"\"épistémè\"\" in a specialized sense in his work \"\"The Order of Things\"\" to mean the historical, but non-temporal, \"\"a priori\"\" which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "291423",
"chunk_text": "Cosmos\n\"\"the Cosmos\"\". In physical cosmology, the uncapitalized term cosmic signifies a subject with a relationship to the universe, such as 'cosmic time' (time since the Big Bang), 'cosmic rays' (high energy particles or radiation detected from space), and 'cosmic microwave background' (microwave radiation detectable from all directions in space). According to in Sir William Smith \"\"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology\"\" (1870, see book screenshot for full quote), Pythagoreans described the universe. Cosmology is a branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of the universe, a theory or doctrine describing the natural order of the universe. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8306529",
"chunk_text": "Cosmology\nCosmology Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, \"\"kosmos\"\" \"\"world\"\" and -λογία, \"\"-logia\"\" \"\"study of\"\") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. Physical cosmology is the scientific study of the universe's origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and its ultimate fate, as well as the scientific laws that govern these areas. The term \"\"cosmology\"\" was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's \"\"Glossographia\"\", and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in \"\"Cosmologia Generalis\"\". Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14378775",
"chunk_text": "Cosmogony\nCosmogony Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of either the cosmos or universe. Developing a complete theoretical model has implications in both the philosophy of science and epistemology. The word comes from the Koine Greek κοσμογονία (from κόσμος \"\"cosmos, the world\"\") and the root of γί(γ)νομαι / γέγονα (\"\"come into a new state of being\"\"). In astronomy, cosmogony refers to the study of the origin of particular astrophysical objects or systems, and is most commonly used in reference to the origin of the Universe, the Solar System, or the Earth–Moon system. The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11882198",
"chunk_text": "Gnosis\nof the early church. Gnosis Gnosis is the common Greek noun for knowledge (γνῶσις, \"\"gnōsis\"\", f.). The term is used in various Hellenistic religions and philosophies. It is best known from Gnosticism, where it signifies a knowledge or insight into humanity’s real nature as divine, leading to the deliverance of the divine spark within humanity from the constraints of earthly existence. \"\"Gnosis\"\" is a feminine Greek noun which means \"\"knowledge\"\". It is often used for personal knowledge compared with intellectual knowledge (εἶδειν \"\"eídein\"\"), as with the French \"\"connaître\"\" compared with \"\"savoir\"\", the Spanish \"\"conocer\"\" compared with \"\"saber,\"\" or the German",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1608652",
"chunk_text": "Empiricism\nbe tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on \"\"a priori\"\" reasoning, intuition, or revelation. Empiricism, often used by natural scientists, says that \"\"knowledge is based on experience\"\" and that \"\"knowledge is tentative and probabilistic, subject to continued revision and falsification\"\". Empirical research, including experiments and validated measurement tools, guides the scientific method. The English term \"\"empirical\"\" derives from the Ancient Greek word ἐμπειρία, \"\"empeiria\"\", which is cognate with and translates to the Latin \"\"experientia\"\", from which are derived the word \"\"experience\"\" and the related \"\"experiment\"\". A central concept in science and the scientific method is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10981277",
"chunk_text": "Knowledge\nyoga expounded by Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita. (It is compared and contrasted with Bhakti Yoga and Karma yoga.) In Islam, knowledge (Arabic: علم, \"\"ʿilm\"\") is given great significance. \"\"The Knowing\"\" (\"\"al-ʿAlīm\"\") is one of the 99 names reflecting distinct attributes of God. The Qur'an asserts that knowledge comes from God () and various \"\"hadith\"\" encourage the acquisition of knowledge. Muhammad is reported to have said \"\"Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave\"\" and \"\"Verily the men of knowledge are the inheritors of the prophets\"\". Islamic scholars, theologians and jurists are often given the title \"\"alim\"\", meaning \"\"knowledgeble\"\". In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5860665",
"chunk_text": "Pansophism\nPansophism Pansophism, in older usage often pansophy, is a concept of omniscience, meaning \"\"all-knowing\"\". In some monotheistic belief systems, a god is referred as the ultimate knowing spirit. Someone who is \"\"pansophical\"\" is someone who claims to have obtained omniscience. It also has to do more specifically with pedagogic ideas of universal wisdom (\"\"pansophia\"\"), as it occurred in the educational system of universal knowledge proposed by John Amos Comenius, a Czech educator. \"\"Comenius's second great interest was in furthering the Baconian attempt at the organization of all human knowledge. He became one of the leaders in the encyclopædic or pansophic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17059132",
"chunk_text": "Knowledge\nscientific method; his works established and popularized an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry. His famous aphorism, \"\"knowledge is power\"\", is found in the Meditations Sacrae (1597). Until recent times, at least in the Western tradition, it was simply taken for granted that knowledge was something possessed only by humans – and probably \"\"adult\"\" humans at that. Sometimes the notion might stretch to \"\"Society-as-such\"\", as in (e. g.) \"\"the knowledge possessed by the Coptic culture\"\" (as opposed to its individual members), but that was not assured either. Nor was it usual to consider \"\"unconscious\"\" knowledge in any systematic way until this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12088592",
"chunk_text": "\"Kevala Jnana\"\ndeny the existence of omniscience\"\". Hemacandra (c. 1088 1173) combined Samantabhadra and Akalanka's ideas of \"\"sarvajña\"\" in his \"\"Pramanamimasa\"\" to establish the existence of omniscience. In Jain epistemology, there are two kinds of valid methods of knowledge: \"\"pratyakṣa\"\" or \"\"direct knowledge\"\" and \"\"parokṣa\"\" or \"\"indirect knowledge\"\". Kevala-jñana is considered \"\"pratyaksa\"\". Five ways of obtaining knowledge are defined: \"\"matijñana\"\" acquired through sensory perception; \"\"srutajñana\"\" acquired through understanding of verbal and written sentences; \"\"avadhijñana\"\", \"\"manhaparyaya jñana\"\" and kevala jñana. Jains contrast all attempts to proclaim absolute truth with \"\"Anekantavada\"\", which can be explained through the parable of the \"\"blind men and an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "291421",
"chunk_text": "Cosmos\nfirst used the term \"\"cosmos\"\" () for the order of the universe. The term became part of modern language in the 19th century when geographer–polymath Alexander von Humboldt resurrected the use of the word from the ancient Greek, assigned it to his five-volume treatise, \"\"Kosmos\"\", which influenced modern and somewhat holistic perception of the universe as one interacting entity. Cosmology is the study of the cosmos, and in its broadest sense covers a variety of very different approaches: scientific, religious and philosophical. All cosmologies have in common an attempt to understand the implicit order within the whole of being. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12895138",
"chunk_text": "Universe\nsame senses as the modern English word is used. A term for \"\"universe\"\" among the ancient Greek philosophers from Pythagoras onwards was , \"\"tò pân\"\" (\"\"the all\"\"), defined as all matter and all space, and , \"\"tò hólon\"\" (\"\"all things\"\"), which did not necessarily include the void. Another synonym was , \"\"ho kósmos\"\" (meaning the world, the cosmos). Synonyms are also found in Latin authors (\"\"totum\"\", \"\"mundus\"\", \"\"natura\"\") and survive in modern languages, e.g., the German words \"\"Das All\"\", \"\"Weltall\"\", and \"\"Natur\"\" for \"\"Universe\"\". The same synonyms are found in English, such as everything (as in the theory of everything),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10981278",
"chunk_text": "Knowledge\nJewish tradition, knowledge (Hebrew: דעת \"\"da'ath\"\") is considered one of the most valuable traits a person can acquire. Observant Jews recite three times a day in the Amidah \"\"Favor us with knowledge, understanding and discretion that come from you. Exalted are you, Existent-One, the gracious giver of knowledge.\"\" The Tanakh states, \"\"A wise man gains power, and a man of knowledge maintains power\"\", and \"\"knowledge is chosen above gold\"\". According to the sociologist Mervin F. Verbit, knowledge may be understood as one of the key components of religiosity. Religious knowledge itself may be broken down into four dimensions: The content",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11142001",
"chunk_text": "Gnosis\nor material world. Gnosis is transcendental as well as mature understanding. It indicates direct spiritual, experiential knowledge and intuitive knowledge, mystic rather than that from rational or reasoned thinking. Gnosis itself is gained through understanding at which one can arrive via inner experience or contemplation such as an internal epiphany of intuition and external epiphany such as the Theophany. In the \"\"Philokalia,\"\" it is emphasized that such knowledge is not secret knowledge but rather a maturing, transcendent form of knowledge derived from contemplation (\"\"theoria\"\" resulting from practice of \"\"hesychasm)\"\", since knowledge cannot truly be derived from knowledge, but rather, knowledge",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5887727",
"chunk_text": "\"Word of Knowledge\"\nand ask anyone suffering from the described problem to identify themselves and receive prayer for healing. According to this definition, the word of knowledge is a form of revelation similar to prophecy or a type of discernment. Word of Knowledge In Christianity, the word of knowledge is a spiritual gift listed in 1 Corinthians 12:8. It has been associated with the ability to teach the faith, but also with forms of revelation similar to prophecy. It is closely related to another spiritual gift, the word of wisdom. Throughout church history, this gift has often been viewed as a teaching gift",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5887725",
"chunk_text": "\"Word of Knowledge\"\nWord of Knowledge In Christianity, the word of knowledge is a spiritual gift listed in 1 Corinthians 12:8. It has been associated with the ability to teach the faith, but also with forms of revelation similar to prophecy. It is closely related to another spiritual gift, the word of wisdom. Throughout church history, this gift has often been viewed as a teaching gift and connected with being able to understand scriptural truth. \"\"The Catholic Encyclopedia\"\" defines it as \"\"the grace of propounding the Faith effectively, of bringing home to the minds and hearts of the listener with Divine persuasiveness, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11794383",
"chunk_text": "Epistemology\nusing , (both Portuguese and Spanish), , and . Modern Greek has the verbs () and (). Italian has the verbs and and the nouns for 'knowledge' are and . German has the verbs and ; the former implies knowing a fact, the latter knowing in the sense of being acquainted with and having a working knowledge of; there is also a noun derived from , namely , which has been said to imply knowledge in the form of recognition or acknowledgment. The verb itself implies a process: you have to go from one state to another, from a state",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "291422",
"chunk_text": "Cosmos\nthis way, most religions and philosophical systems have a cosmology. When \"\"cosmology\"\" is used without a qualifier, it often signifies physical cosmology, unless the context makes clear that a different meaning is intended. Physical cosmology (often simply described as 'cosmology') is the scientific study of the universe, from the beginning of its physical existence. It includes speculative concepts such as a multiverse, when these are being discussed. In physical cosmology, the term \"\"cosmos\"\" is often used in a technical way, referring to a particular spacetime continuum within a (postulated) multiverse. Our particular cosmos, the observable universe, is generally capitalized as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "17059135",
"chunk_text": "Knowledge\nman is become as one of us, to know good and evil...\"\" () In Gnosticism, divine knowledge or gnosis is hoped to be attained. विद्या दान (Vidya Daan) i.e. knowledge sharing is a major part of Daan, a tenet of all Dharmic Religions. Hindu Scriptures present two kinds of knowledge, \"\"Paroksh Gyan\"\" and \"\"Prataksh Gyan\"\". \"\"Paroksh Gyan\"\" (also spelled \"\"Paroksha-Jnana\"\") is secondhand knowledge: knowledge obtained from books, hearsay, etc. \"\"Pratyaksh Gyan\"\" (also spelled \"\"Pratyaksha-Jnana\"\") is the knowledge borne of direct experience, i.e., knowledge that one discovers for oneself. Jnana yoga (\"\"path of knowledge\"\") is one of three main types of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5529447",
"chunk_text": "Intellect\nIntellect Intellect is a term used in studies of the human mind, and refers to the ability of the mind to come to correct conclusions about what is true or real, and about how to solve problems. Historically the term comes from the Greek philosophical term \"\"nous\"\", which was translated into Latin as \"\"intellectus\"\" (derived from the verb \"\"intelligere\"\", \"\"to understand\"\", from \"\"inter\"\", \"\"between\"\" and \"\"legere\"\", \"\"to choose\"\") and into French and then English as \"\"intelligence\"\" (other than \"\"intellect\"\"). Intellect is in fact considered as a branch of intelligence (see Intellect vs intelligence). Discussion of the intellect can be divided",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "7597313",
"chunk_text": "\"General revelation\"\nGeneral revelation In theology, general revelation, or natural revelation, refers to knowledge about God and spiritual matters, discovered through natural means, such as observation of nature (the physical universe), philosophy and reasoning. Christian theologians use the term to describe knowledge of God purported to be plainly available to all mankind. General revelation is usually understood to pertain to outward temporal events that are experienced within the world or the physical universe. The definition may be extended to include human conscience or providence or providential history. General revelation is a form of revelation that gives knowledge through experience or records of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_id": "6054125",
"chunk_text": "Pramana\nPramana Pramana (Sanskrit: प्रमाण, ) literally means \"\"proof\"\" and \"\"means of knowledge\"\". It refers to epistemology in Indian philosophies, and is one of the key, much debated fields of study in Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, since ancient times. It is a theory of knowledge, and encompasses one or more reliable and valid means by which human beings gain accurate, true knowledge. The focus of Pramana is how correct knowledge can be acquired, how one knows, how one doesn't, and to what extent knowledge pertinent about someone or something can be acquired. Ancient and medieval Indian texts identify six \"\"pramanas\"\" as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "1054916",
"chunk_text": "\"Scientific method\"\nScientific method The scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition which has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century. It involves careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept. It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental and measurement-based testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings. These are \"\"principles\"\" of the scientific method, as opposed to a definitive series of steps applicable",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20470060",
"chunk_text": "\"Transcendence (philosophy)\"\nTranscendence (philosophy) In philosophy, transcendence conveys the basic ground concept from the word's literal meaning (from Latin), of climbing or going beyond, albeit with varying connotations in its different historical and cultural stages. It includes philosophies, systems, and approaches that describe the fundamental structures of being, not as an ontology (theory of being), but as the framework of emergence and validation of knowledge of being. \"\"Transcendental\"\" is a word derived from the scholastic, designating the extra-categorical attributes of beings. In religion, transcendence refers to the aspect of a god's nature and power which is wholly independent of the material universe,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8664917",
"chunk_text": "Techne\nTechne \"\"Techne\"\" is a term, etymologically derived from the Greek word (, ), that is often translated as \"\"craftsmanship\"\", \"\"craft\"\", or \"\"art\"\". Techne is a term in philosophy which resembles \"\"epistēmē\"\" in the implication of knowledge of principles, although techne differs in that its intent is making or doing as opposed to disinterested understanding. Martin Heidegger maintains that the concept for the ancients goes together with \"\"episteme\"\", particularly citing Plato who used the two terms interchangeably. The idea is that techne and episteme simply mean knowing and \"\"both words are names for knowledge in the widest sense.\"\" As an activity,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "5887726",
"chunk_text": "\"Word of Knowledge\"\nhidden mysteries and the moral precepts of Christianity\"\". Among Pentecostal and charismatic Christians, the word of knowledge is often defined as the ability of one person to know what God is currently doing or intends to do in the life of another person. It can also be defined as knowing the secrets of another person's heart. Through this revelation, it is believed that God encourages the faith of the believer to receive the healing or comfort that God offers. For example, in a public gathering, a person who claims to have the gift of knowledge may describe a medical problem",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19015849",
"chunk_text": "Jnana\n\"\"Gian\"\" refers to spiritual knowledge. It is mentioned throughout the Guru Granth Sahib. Jnana In Indian philosophy and religion, jñāna (Sanskrit, pronounced gya:nə) (Pali: \"\"ñāṇa\"\") or gyan/gian (Hindi: \"\"jñān\"\") is \"\"knowledge\"\". The idea of jnana centers on a cognitive event which is recognized when experienced. It is knowledge inseparable from the total experience of reality, especially a total or divine reality (Brahman). The root jñā- is cognate to English \"\"know\"\", as well as to the Greek γνώ- (as in γνῶσις \"\"gnosis\"\") and Russian \"\"знание\"\". Its antonym is \"\"ajñāna\"\" \"\"ignorance\"\". In Tibetan Buddhism, it refers to pure awareness that is free",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
},
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"chunk_id": "10576883",
"chunk_text": "Information\nInformation Information is any entity or form that provides the answer to a question of some kind or resolves uncertainty. It is thus related to data and knowledge, as data represents values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real things or abstract concepts. As it regards data, the information's existence is not necessarily coupled to an observer (it exists beyond an event horizon, for example), while in the case of knowledge, the information requires a cognitive observer. Information is conveyed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation. That which is perceived can",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
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"chunk_id": "2800952",
"chunk_text": "Reality\nReality Reality is the sum or aggregate of all that is real or existent, as opposed to that which is merely imaginary. The term is also used to refer to the ontological status of things, indicating their existence. In physical terms, reality is the totality of the universe, known and unknown. Philosophical questions about the nature of reality or existence or being are considered under the rubric of ontology, which is a major branch of metaphysics in the Western philosophical tradition. Ontological questions also feature in diverse branches of philosophy, including the philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, philosophy of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
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"chunk_text": "Knowledge\nand most universal of all forms of recording and transmitting knowledge. It stands unchallenged as mankind's primary technology of knowledge transfer down through the ages and to all cultures and languages of the world. Situated knowledge is knowledge specific to a particular situation. It is a term coined by Donna Haraway as an extension of the feminist approaches of \"\"successor science\"\" suggested by Sandra Harding, one which \"\"offers a more adequate, richer, better account of a world, in order to live in it well and in critical, reflexive relation to our own as well as others' practices of domination and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"chunk_text": "\"Abhijñā\"\nAbhijñā Abhijñā (Skt., Pali, \"\"abhiññā\"\"; Tib., \"\"mngon shes\"\", མངོན་ཤེས་;) has been translated generally as \"\"knowing,\"\" \"\"direct knowing\"\" and \"\"direct knowledge\"\" or, at times more technically, as \"\"higher knowledge\"\" and \"\"supernormal knowledge.\"\" In Buddhism, such knowing and knowledge is obtained through virtuous living and meditation. In terms of specifically enumerated knowledges, these include worldly extra-sensory abilities (such as seeing past and future lives) as well as the supramundane extinction of all mental intoxicants (\"\"āsava\"\"). In Pali literature, \"\"abhiññā\"\" refers to both the direct apprehension of \"\"dhamma\"\" (translated below as \"\"states\"\" and \"\"qualities\"\") as well as to specialized super-normal capabilities. In SN",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
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"chunk_text": "Metaphysics\nMetaphysics Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the fundamental nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter, between substance and attribute, and between possibility and actuality. The word \"\"metaphysics\"\" comes from two Greek words that, together, literally mean \"\"after or behind or among the [study of] the natural\"\". It has been suggested that the term might have been coined by a first century CE editor who assembled various small selections of Aristotle’s works into the treatise we now know by the name \"\"Metaphysics\"\" (\"\"ta meta ta phusika\"\", 'after the \"\"Physics\"\" ', another of Aristotle's works). Metaphysics",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
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"chunk_id": "7775699",
"chunk_text": "Paradigm\nthat 'scientific group membership is not concerned with desire, emotions, gain, loss and any idealistic notions concerning the nature and destiny of humankind...but simply to do with aptitude, explanation, [and] cold description of the facts of the world and the universe from within a paradigm'. Paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. \"\"Paradigm\"\" comes from Greek παράδειγμα (\"\"paradeigma\"\"), \"\"pattern, example, sample\"\" from the verb παραδείκνυμι (\"\"paradeiknumi\"\"), \"\"exhibit, represent, expose\"\" and that from παρά (\"\"para\"\"), \"\"beside,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
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"chunk_text": "\"Jnana yoga\"\nwith questions such as \"\"who am I, what am I\"\" among others. The practitioner studies usually with the aid of a counsellor (guru), meditates, reflects, and reaches liberating insights on the nature of his own Self (Atman, soul) and its relationship to the metaphysical concept called Brahman in Hinduism. The \"\"jnanamarga\"\" ideas are discussed in ancient and medieval era Hindu scriptures and texts such as the \"\"Upanishads\"\" and the \"\"Bhagavad Gita\"\". Jñāna in Sanskrit means \"\"knowledge\"\". The root jñā- is cognate to English \"\"know\"\", as well as to the Greek γνώ- (as in γνῶσις \"\"gnosis\"\"). Its antonym is \"\"ajñāna\"\" \"\"ignorance\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "5460088",
"chunk_text": "Zuism\nhas established branches throughout various countries and intends to be a platform for all Zuist believers. Many Zuists and Sumerian-Mesopotamian Neopagans are contributing to the development of the movement both within and outside the Zuist Church. The name \"\"Zuism\"\" originates from the Sumerian verb \"\"zu\"\" , meaning \"\"to know\"\", and is defined as a \"\"way of knowledge\"\", of knowing the appropriate modality of being human, in harmony with divinity. It is equated with the Greek term \"\"gnosis\"\". The term \"\"zu\"\" may also refer to the thunder-bird god of wisdom, \"\"Zû\"\", servant of Enlil. Zuism is defined as the knowledge on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
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"chunk_id": "148985",
"chunk_text": "Ontology\nOntology Ontology is the philosophical study of being. More broadly, it studies concepts that directly relate to being, in particular becoming, existence, reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, ontology often deals with questions concerning what entities exist or may be said to exist and how such entities may be grouped, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and differences. The compound word \"\"ontology\"\" (\"\"study of being\"\") combines \"\"onto-\"\" (Gr. ὄν, \"\"on\"\", gen. ὄντος, \"\"ontos\"\", \"\"being; that which is\"\")",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
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"chunk_id": "1025477",
"chunk_text": "Ontology\nthe view that a useful explication of the notion of existence is in the words \"\"one can find\"\", implicitly in some world or universe of discourse. Ontology Ontology is the philosophical study of being. More broadly, it studies concepts that directly relate to being, in particular becoming, existence, reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, ontology often deals with questions concerning what entities exist or may be said to exist and how such entities may be grouped, related within a hierarchy,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
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"chunk_id": "7597315",
"chunk_text": "\"General revelation\"\nto direct communication from God to a person. General revelation In theology, general revelation, or natural revelation, refers to knowledge about God and spiritual matters, discovered through natural means, such as observation of nature (the physical universe), philosophy and reasoning. Christian theologians use the term to describe knowledge of God purported to be plainly available to all mankind. General revelation is usually understood to pertain to outward temporal events that are experienced within the world or the physical universe. The definition may be extended to include human conscience or providence or providential history. General revelation is a form of revelation",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11882186",
"chunk_text": "Gnosis\nexperience knowledge (see gnosiology) in contrast to theoretical knowledge or epistemology. The term is also related to the study of knowledge retention or memory (see also cognition), in relation to ontic or ontological, which is how something actually is rather than how something is captured (abstraction) and stored (memory) in the mind. Irenaeus used the phrase \"\"knowledge falsely so-called\"\" (\"\"pseudonymos gnosis\"\", from 1 Timothy 6:20) for the title of his book \"\"On the Detection and Overthrow of False Knowledge\"\", that contains the adjective \"\"gnostikos\"\", which is the source for the 17th-century English term \"\"Gnosticism\"\". The Greek word \"\"gnosis\"\" (knowledge) is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_982
|
who is considered the father of modern cosmology?
|
n/a
|
[
"Edwin Hubble"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "7604125",
"chunk_text": "\"History of physics\"\nthese is what is now called Galilean relativity, the first precisely formulated statement about properties of space and time outside three-dimensional geometry. Galileo has been called the \"\"father of modern observational astronomy\"\", the \"\"father of modern physics\"\", the \"\"father of science\"\", and \"\"the father of modern science\"\". According to Stephen Hawking, \"\"Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science.\"\" As religious orthodoxy decreed a geocentric or Tychonic understanding of the Solar system, Galileo's support for heliocentrism provoked controversy and he was tried by the Inquisition. Found \"\"vehemently suspect of heresy\"\", he was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "19179365",
"chunk_text": "\"Non-standard cosmology\"\nby starting from different assumptions or by contradicting the features predicted by Lambda-CDM. Modern physical cosmology as it is currently studied first emerged as a scientific discipline in the period after the Shapley–Curtis debate and discoveries by Edwin Hubble of a cosmic distance ladder when astronomers and physicists had to come to terms with a universe that was of a much larger scale than the previously assumed galactic size. Theorists who successfully developed cosmologies applicable to the larger-scale universe are remembered today as the founders of modern cosmology. Among these scientists are Arthur Milne, Willem de Sitter, Alexander Friedman, Georges",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8387940",
"chunk_text": "\"Galileo Galilei\"\nGalileo Galilei Galileo Galilei (; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Galileo has been called the \"\"father of observational astronomy\"\", the \"\"father of modern physics\"\", the \"\"father of the scientific method\"\", and the \"\"father of modern science\"\". Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and \"\"hydrostatic balances\"\", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope for scientific observations of celestial objects. His",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "869968",
"chunk_text": "Cosmology\n\"\"celestial mechanics\"\", the study of the heavens. Greek philosophers Aristarchus of Samos, Aristotle, and Ptolemy proposed different cosmological theories. The geocentric Ptolemaic system was the prevailing theory until the 16th century when Nicolaus Copernicus, and subsequently Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei, proposed a heliocentric system. This is one of the most famous examples of epistemological rupture in physical cosmology. Isaac Newton's \"\"Principia Mathematica\"\", published in 1687, was the first description of the law of universal gravitation. It provided a physical mechanism for Kepler's laws and also allowed the anomalies in previous systems, caused by gravitational interaction between the planets, to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2689028",
"chunk_text": "Universe\n1922–1923 proved conclusively that Andromeda Nebula and Triangulum among others, were entire galaxies outside our own, thus proving that Universe consists of multitude of galaxies. The modern era of physical cosmology began in 1917, when Albert Einstein first applied his general theory of relativity to model the structure and dynamics of the Universe. Universe The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. While the spatial size of the entire Universe is still unknown, it is possible to measure the observable universe. The earliest scientific models",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12505233",
"chunk_text": "Cosmology\nbe resolved. A fundamental difference between Newton's cosmology and those preceding it was the Copernican principle—that the bodies on earth obey the same physical laws as all the celestial bodies. This was a crucial philosophical advance in physical cosmology. Modern scientific cosmology is usually considered to have begun in 1917 with Albert Einstein's publication of his final modification of general relativity in the paper \"\"Cosmological Considerations of the General Theory of Relativity\"\" (although this paper was not widely available outside of Germany until the end of World War I). General relativity prompted cosmogonists such as Willem de Sitter, Karl Schwarzschild,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8306529",
"chunk_text": "Cosmology\nCosmology Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, \"\"kosmos\"\" \"\"world\"\" and -λογία, \"\"-logia\"\" \"\"study of\"\") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. Physical cosmology is the scientific study of the universe's origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and its ultimate fate, as well as the scientific laws that govern these areas. The term \"\"cosmology\"\" was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's \"\"Glossographia\"\", and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in \"\"Cosmologia Generalis\"\". Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5226632",
"chunk_text": "\"Dennis W. Sciama\"\nDennis W. Sciama Dennis William Siahou Sciama, (; 18 November 1926 – 18/19 December 1999) was a British physicist who, through his own work and that of his students, played a major role in developing British physics after the Second World War. He is considered one of the fathers of modern cosmology. Sciama was born in Manchester, England, the son of Nelly Ades and Abraham Sciama. He was of Syrian-Jewish ancestry—his father born in Manchester and his mother born in Egypt both traced their roots back to Aleppo, Syria. Sciama earned his PhD in 1953 at the University of Cambridge",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "825882",
"chunk_text": "\"Physical cosmology\"\nPhysical cosmology Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those physical laws. Physical cosmology, as it is now understood, began with the development in 1915 of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, followed by major observational discoveries in the 1920s: first, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe contains",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12895203",
"chunk_text": "Universe\nand gravitation led to ever more accurate descriptions of the Universe. The modern era of cosmology began with Albert Einstein's 1915 general theory of relativity, which made it possible to quantitatively predict the origin, evolution, and conclusion of the Universe as a whole. Most modern, accepted theories of cosmology are based on general relativity and, more specifically, the predicted Big Bang. Many cultures have stories describing the origin of the world and universe. Cultures generally regard these stories as having some truth. There are however many differing beliefs in how these stories apply amongst those believing in a supernatural origin,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11760640",
"chunk_text": "\"Alan Leo\"\nAlan Leo Alan Leo, born William Frederick Allan, (Westminster, 7 August 1860 – Bude, 30 August 1917), was a prominent British astrologer, author, publisher, astrological data collector and theosophist. He is often referred to as \"\"the father of modern astrology\"\". His work stimulated a revival of astrology in the Western world after its decline at the end of the 17th century. Leo was a devout theosophist and he worked many of its religious concepts such as karma and reincarnation into his astrology. He used the Theosophical Society's vast international connections to publish, translate and disseminate his work across Europe and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15139276",
"chunk_text": "\"Jewish culture\"\nas well as by day. Other related personalities are Abraham ibn Ezra, whose the Moon crater \"\"Abenezra\"\" named after, David Gans, Judah ibn Verga, Mashallah ibn Athari an astronomer, The crater \"\"Messala\"\" on the Moon is named after him. Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist and is considered as one of the most prominent scientists in history, often regarded as the \"\"father of modern physics\"\". His revolutionary work on the relativity theory transformed theoretical physics and astronomy during the 20th century. When first published, relativity superseded a 200-year-old theory of mechanics created primarily by Isaac Newton. In the field",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11054001",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicolaus Copernicus\"\nNicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (; ; ; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, in all likelihood independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier. The publication of Copernicus' model in his book \"\"De revolutionibus orbium coelestium\"\" (\"\"On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres\"\"), just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14141372",
"chunk_text": "Scientist\nlike Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Galileo Galilei and Gerolamo Cardano have been considered as the most recognizable polymaths. During the Renaissance, Italians made substantial contributions in science. Leonardo Da Vinci made significant discoveries in paleontology and anatomy. The Father of modern Science, Galileo Galilei, made key improvements on the thermometer and telescope which allowed him to observe and clearly describe the solar system. Descartes was not only a pioneer of analytic geometry but formulated a theory of mechanics and advanced ideas about the origins of animal movement and perception. Vision interested the physicists Young and Helmholtz, who also studied optics,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Physical cosmology\"\nalso study: Physical cosmology Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those physical laws. Physical cosmology, as it is now understood, began with the development in 1915 of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, followed by major observational discoveries in the 1920s: first, Edwin Hubble discovered that the",
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_text": "\"History of Western civilization\"\nand the microscope resulted in the investigation of the universe and the microscopic world. The father of modern science Galileo and Christiaan Huygens developed more advance telescopes and used these in their scientific research. The father of microbiology, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek pioneered the use of the microscope in the study of microbes and established microbiology as a scientific discipline. Advances in medicine and understanding of the human anatomy also increased in this time. Gerolamo Cardano partially invented several machines and introduced essential mathematics theories. In England, Sir Isaac Newton pioneered the science of physics. These events led to the so-called",
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "291421",
"chunk_text": "Cosmos\nfirst used the term \"\"cosmos\"\" () for the order of the universe. The term became part of modern language in the 19th century when geographer–polymath Alexander von Humboldt resurrected the use of the word from the ancient Greek, assigned it to his five-volume treatise, \"\"Kosmos\"\", which influenced modern and somewhat holistic perception of the universe as one interacting entity. Cosmology is the study of the cosmos, and in its broadest sense covers a variety of very different approaches: scientific, religious and philosophical. All cosmologies have in common an attempt to understand the implicit order within the whole of being. In",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_id": "15474438",
"chunk_text": "Cosmology\nand traditions of creation myths and eschatology. Physical cosmology is studied by scientists, such as astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time. Because of this shared scope with philosophy, theories in physical cosmology may include both scientific and non-scientific propositions, and may depend upon assumptions that cannot be tested. Cosmology differs from astronomy in that the former is concerned with the Universe as a whole while the latter deals with individual celestial objects. Modern physical cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang theory, which attempts to bring together",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "825884",
"chunk_text": "\"Physical cosmology\"\ndevelopment of a standard model of cosmology. This model requires the universe to contain large amounts of dark matter and dark energy whose nature is currently not well understood, but the model gives detailed predictions that are in excellent agreement with many diverse observations. Cosmology draws heavily on the work of many disparate areas of research in theoretical and applied physics. Areas relevant to cosmology include particle physics experiments and theory, theoretical and observational astrophysics, general relativity, quantum mechanics, and plasma physics. Modern cosmology developed along tandem tracks of theory and observation. In 1916, Albert Einstein published his theory of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "6154913",
"chunk_text": "\"Alan Leo\"\nduring the process of the trial. Alan Leo Alan Leo, born William Frederick Allan, (Westminster, 7 August 1860 – Bude, 30 August 1917), was a prominent British astrologer, author, publisher, astrological data collector and theosophist. He is often referred to as \"\"the father of modern astrology\"\". His work stimulated a revival of astrology in the Western world after its decline at the end of the 17th century. Leo was a devout theosophist and he worked many of its religious concepts such as karma and reincarnation into his astrology. He used the Theosophical Society's vast international connections to publish, translate and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2688939",
"chunk_text": "Universe\nUniverse The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. While the spatial size of the entire Universe is still unknown, it is possible to measure the observable universe. The earliest scientific models of the Universe were developed by ancient Greek and Indian philosophers and were geocentric, placing Earth at the centre of the Universe. Over the centuries, more precise astronomical observations led Nicolaus Copernicus to develop the heliocentric model with the Sun at the centre of the Solar System. In developing the law of universal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1006714",
"chunk_text": "Astrophysics\nof a unified physics, in which the same laws applied to the celestial and terrestrial realms. There were scientists who were qualified in both physics and astronomy who laid the firm foundation for the current science of astrophysics. In modern times, students continue to be drawn to astrophysics due to its popularization by the Royal Astronomical Society and notable educators such as prominent professors Lawrence Krauss, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Stephen Hawking, Hubert Reeves, Carl Sagan and Neil deGrasse Tyson. The efforts of the early, late, and present scientists continue to attract young people to study the history and science of astrophysics.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
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"chunk_id": "16144625",
"chunk_text": "Cosmos\nbasic definition of Cosmology is the science of the origin and development of the universe. In modern astronomy the Big Bang theory is the dominant postulation. In theology, the cosmos is the created heavenly bodies (sun, moon, planets, and fixed stars). In Christian theology, the word is also used synonymously with \"\"aion\"\" to refer to \"\"worldly life\"\" or \"\"this world\"\" or \"\"this age\"\" as opposed to the afterlife or world to come. The 1870 book \"\"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology\"\" noted The book \"\"The Works of Aristotle\"\" (1908, p. 80 \"\"Fragments\"\") mentioned Bertrand Russell (1947) noted Cosmos",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1228030",
"chunk_text": "Italophilia\nthinkers, like Renaissance thinkers, were interested in pre-Christian Greek and Roman thought. Galileo, born in 1564 in Pisa, was the most famous scientist of his age, and played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. He is often referred to as the “Father of Modern Science.” His achievements include a greatly improved telescope, which he employed in making astronomical observations supporting the heliocentric theory of Copernicus; and also the experiments he carried out leading to his law of falling bodies, which was of key importance in Newton’s synthesis of his own famous three laws of motion. Bonaventura Cavalieri, a Jesuit",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
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"chunk_id": "10283236",
"chunk_text": "\"Dennis W. Sciama\"\nportrayal of Sciama in the film. Sciama was of Jewish-Syrian descent and an avowed atheist. In 1959, Sciama married Lidia Dina, a social anthropologist, who survived him, along with their two daughters. . Dennis W. Sciama Dennis William Siahou Sciama, (; 18 November 1926 – 18/19 December 1999) was a British physicist who, through his own work and that of his students, played a major role in developing British physics after the Second World War. He is considered one of the fathers of modern cosmology. Sciama was born in Manchester, England, the son of Nelly Ades and Abraham Sciama. He",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
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"chunk_id": "3126719",
"chunk_text": "\"Reinhold Ebertin\"\nDue to Ebertin's work, he is sometimes considered the founder of modern Cosmobiology as the term is generally used today (working largely with the midpoint/dial paradigms of Witte), although the term 'Kosmobiologie' had been previously used by Dr Friedrich Feerhow and Swiss statistician Karl Krafft in a more general sense \"\"to designate that branch of astrology working on scientific foundations and keyed to the natural sciences\"\". Ebertin's mother, Elsbeth Ebertin, was also an astrologer. His son, Dr. Baldur Ebertin, is \"\"a psychologist, philosopher, esoteric, alternative healer, reincarnation-therapist, psychoanalyst, astrologer, and author\"\". Reinhold Ebertin Reinhold Ebertin (February 16, 1901 - March",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "63144",
"chunk_text": "Cosmology\nis exemplified by Marcus Aurelius's observation that a man's place in that relationship: \"\"He who does not know what the world is does not know where he is, and he who does not know for what purpose the world exists, does not know who he is, nor what the world is.\"\" Physical cosmology is the branch of physics and astrophysics that deals with the study of the physical origins and evolution of the Universe. It also includes the study of the nature of the Universe on a large scale. In its earliest form, it was what is now known as",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
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"chunk_id": "869970",
"chunk_text": "Cosmology\nand Arthur Eddington to explore its astronomical ramifications, which enhanced the ability of astronomers to study very distant objects. Physicists began changing the assumption that the Universe was static and unchanging. In 1922 Alexander Friedmann introduced the idea of an expanding universe that contained moving matter. Around the same time (1917 to 1922) the Great Debate took place, with early cosmologists such as Heber Curtis and Ernst Öpik determining that some nebulae seen in telescopes were separate galaxies far distant from our own. In parallel to this dynamic approach to cosmology, one long-standing debate about the structure of the cosmos",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15870774",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the center of the Universe\"\nus, are now understood to be a result of the metric expansion of space. This is the increase of the distance between two distant parts of the Universe with time, and is an intrinsic expansion whereby the scale of space itself changes. As Hubble theorized, all observers anywhere in the Universe will observe a similar effect. The Copernican principle, named after Nicolaus Copernicus, states that the Earth is not in a central, specially favored position. Hermann Bondi named the principle after Copernicus in the mid-20th century, although the principle itself dates back to the 16th-17th century paradigm shift away from",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
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"chunk_id": "11054114",
"chunk_text": "\"Nicolaus Copernicus\"\nfeast day on 23 May. Wrocław-Strachowice International Airport is named after Nicolaus Copernicus (Copernicus Airport Wrocław) Contemporary literary and artistic works inspired by Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (; ; ; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, in all likelihood independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier. The publication of Copernicus' model in his book \"\"De revolutionibus orbium coelestium\"\" (\"\"On the Revolutions of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Early modern period\"\ndevelopment of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. Johannes Gutenberg is credited as the first European to use movable type printing, around 1439, and as the global inventor of the mechanical printing press. Nicolaus Copernicus formulated a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology (1543), which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe. His book, \"\"De revolutionibus orbium coelestium\"\" (\"\"On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres\"\") began modern astronomy and sparked the Scientific Revolution. Another notable individual was Machiavelli, an Italian political philosopher, considered a founder of modern political science. Machiavelli is most famous for a short political",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "11441080",
"chunk_text": "\"Pierre Teilhard de Chardin\"\nPierre Teilhard de Chardin Pierre Teilhard de Chardin ( (); 1 May 1881 – 10 April 1955) was a French idealist philosopher and Jesuit priest who trained as a paleontologist and geologist and took part in the discovery of Peking Man. He conceived the vitalist idea of the Omega Point (a maximum level of complexity and consciousness towards which he believed the universe was evolving) and developed Vladimir Vernadsky's concept of noosphere. Although many of Teilhard's writings were censored by the Catholic Church during his lifetime because of his views on original sin, Teilhard has been posthumously praised by Pope",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_text": "\"Logology (science of science)\"\nthe cores of massive stars. He then proposed a theory of the history of the universe known as steady-state cosmology, which has the universe existing forever without an initial Big Bang (as Hoyle derisively dubbed it). He held his belief in the steady state long after observations proved that the Big Bang had happened. Albert Einstein discovered the theory of space, time, and gravitation known as general relativity, and then added a cosmological constant, later known as dark energy. Subsequently, Einstein withdrew his proposal of dark energy, believing it unnecessary. Long after his death, observations suggested that dark energy really",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "8651395",
"chunk_text": "\"History of science\"\nbecame incorporated with many aspects of the functioning of nation-states. The scientific revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and classical physics. Nicolaus Copernicus revived the heliocentric model of the solar system described by Aristarchus of Samos. This was followed by the first known model of planetary motion given by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, which proposed that the planets follow elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. Galileo (\"\"\"\"Father of Modern Physics\"\"\"\") also made use of experiments to validate physical theories, a key element of the scientific method. William Gilbert did some",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2157625",
"chunk_text": "\"Father of quantum mechanics\"\nFather of quantum mechanics Father of quantum mechanics is a moniker applied to several individuals. Strictly speaking, Max Planck, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger have equal claim and recognition. Max Planck originated the vast field of Quantum theory and is regarded as the 'true but reluctant father' of the modern concept of 'quantum of energy' that underlies all quantum phenomena. Planck introduced the concept of a hypothetical energy quantum to explain Black-body radiation spectra in 1900 Albert Einstein cemented the utility of quantum theory through explanation of the Photoelectric effect in a 1905 paper. The fundamental concept that the energy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9809294",
"chunk_text": "\"James Hutton\"\nJames Hutton James Hutton (; 3 June 1726 – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist, and experimental agriculturalist. He originated the theory of uniformitarianism—a fundamental principle of geology—that explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a science, and as a result he is referred to as the \"\"Father of Modern Geology\"\". Through observation and carefully reasoned geological arguments, Hutton came to believe that the Earth was perpetually being formed; he recognised that the history of Earth could be determined by understanding how",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_id": "3643758",
"chunk_text": "\"Cosmology (philosophy)\"\nCosmology (philosophy) Philosophical cosmology, philosophy of cosmology or philosophy of cosmos is a discipline directed to the philosophical contemplation of the universe as a totality, and to its conceptual foundations. It draws on several branches of philosophy—metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of physics, philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, and on the fundamental theories of physics. The term \"\"cosmology\"\" was used at least as early as 1730, by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in \"\"Cosmologia Generalis\"\". Philosophical cosmology can be distinguished by two types of cosmological arguments: deductive and inductive cosmological arguments. The first type has a long tradition in the history of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
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"chunk_id": "291420",
"chunk_text": "Cosmos\nCosmos The cosmos (, ) is the universe. Using the word \"\"cosmos\"\" rather than the word \"\"universe\"\" implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity; the opposite of chaos. The cosmos, and our understanding of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in cosmology - a very broad discipline covering any scientific, religious, or philosophical contemplation of the cosmos and its nature, or reasons for existing. Religious and philosophical approaches may include in their concepts of the cosmos various spiritual entities or other matters deemed to exist outside our physical universe. The philosopher Pythagoras",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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"chunk_id": "14312838",
"chunk_text": "Universe\n(systems of orbiting bodies that are themselves orbiting in a larger system, \"\"ad infinitum\"\") in a fractal way such that the Universe has a negligibly small overall density; such a cosmological model had also been proposed earlier in 1761 by Johann Heinrich Lambert. A significant astronomical advance of the 18th century was the realization by Thomas Wright, Immanuel Kant and others of nebulae. In 1919, when Hooker Telescope was completed, the prevailing view still was that the Universe consisted entirely of the Milky Way Galaxy. Using the Hooker Telescope, Edwin Hubble identified Cepheid variables in several spiral nebulae and in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3643759",
"chunk_text": "\"Cosmology (philosophy)\"\nphilosophy, proposed by thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Descartes and Leibniz, and criticized by thinkers like David Hume, Immanuel Kant and Bertrand Russell, while the latter has been formulated by philosophers like Richard Swinburne. For Leibniz, all the plenum of the universe is entirely filled with tiny Monads, which cannot fail, have no constituent parts and have no windows through which anything could come in or go out. In his \"\"Aesthetics\"\", philosopher José Vasconcelos explains his theory on the evolution of the universe and the restructuring of its cosmic substance, in the physical, biological and human orders. Philosophical cosmology tries to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
},
{
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"chunk_id": "354228",
"chunk_text": "\"John Michell\"\nJohn Michell John Michell (; 25 December 1724 – 21 April 1793) was an English natural philosopher and clergyman who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation. Considered \"\"one of the greatest unsung scientists of all time\"\", he was the first person known to propose the existence of black holes in publication, the first to suggest that earthquakes travel in waves, the first to explain how to manufacture artificial magnets, and the first to apply statistics to the study of the cosmos, recognizing that double stars were a product of mutual",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
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"chunk_text": "Modernity\n(; , ). It all started with Descartes' revolutionary methodic doubt, which transformed the concept of truth in the concept of certainty, whose only guarantor is no longer God or the Church, but Man's subjective judgement (; , ). Theologians have tried to cope with their worry that Western modernism has brought the world to no longer being well-disposed towards Christianity (, 262; , 133; 13–14). Modernity aimed towards \"\"a progressive force promising to liberate humankind from ignorance and irrationality\"\" . In the 16th and 17th centuries, Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and others developed a new approach to physics and astronomy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8387968",
"chunk_text": "\"Galileo Galilei\"\nof his finest works, \"\"Two New Sciences\"\". Here he summarised work he had done some forty years earlier, on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials, published in Holland to avoid the censor. This book has received high praise from Albert Einstein. As a result of this work, Galileo is often called the \"\"father of modern physics\"\". He went completely blind in 1638 and was suffering from a painful hernia and insomnia, so he was permitted to travel to Florence for medical advice. Dava Sobel argues that prior to Galileo's 1633 trial and judgement for heresy, Pope",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
{
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"chunk_id": "12018105",
"chunk_text": "\"James Hutton\"\nin the 19th century. James Hutton James Hutton (; 3 June 1726 – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist, and experimental agriculturalist. He originated the theory of uniformitarianism—a fundamental principle of geology—that explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a science, and as a result he is referred to as the \"\"Father of Modern Geology\"\". Through observation and carefully reasoned geological arguments, Hutton came to believe that the Earth was perpetually being formed; he recognised that the history of Earth could be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
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"chunk_id": "1704741",
"chunk_text": "\"History of physics\"\nCelestial Spheres\"\") was published just before his death in 1543 and, as it is now generally considered to mark the beginning of modern astronomy, is also considered to mark the beginning of the Scientific revolution. Copernicus' new perspective, along with the accurate observations made by Tycho Brahe, enabled German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) to formulate his laws regarding planetary motion that remain in use today. The Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) was the central figure in the Scientific revolution and famous for his support for Copernicanism, his astronomical discoveries, empirical experiments and his improvement of the telescope.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
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"chunk_id": "830882",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the Big Bang theory\"\nnot measured with high accuracy until COBE in 1990). After some reformulation, the Big Bang has been regarded as the best theory of the origin and evolution of the cosmos. Before the late 1960s, many cosmologists thought the infinitely dense and physically paradoxical singularity at the starting time of Friedmann's cosmological model could be avoided by allowing for a universe which was contracting before entering the hot dense state, and starting to expand again. This was formalized as Richard Tolman's oscillating universe. In the sixties, Stephen Hawking and others demonstrated that this idea was unworkable, and the singularity is an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13557515",
"chunk_text": "Modernity\nwhich changed the way people came to think about many things. Copernicus presented new models of the solar system which no longer placed humanity's home, on Earth, in the centre. Kepler used mathematics to discuss physics and described regularities of nature this way. Galileo actually made his famous proof of uniform acceleration in freefall using mathematics (). Francis Bacon, especially in his \"\"Novum Organum\"\", argued for a new experimental based approach to science, which sought no knowledge of formal or final causes, and was therefore materialist, like the ancient philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. But he also added a theme",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8388007",
"chunk_text": "\"Galileo Galilei\"\nprobably bears more of the responsibility for the birth of modern science than anybody else, and Albert Einstein called him the father of modern science. Galileo's astronomical discoveries and investigations into the Copernican theory have led to a lasting legacy which includes the categorisation of the four large moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo (Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto) as the Galilean moons. Other scientific endeavours and principles are named after Galileo including the Galileo spacecraft, the first spacecraft to enter orbit around Jupiter, the proposed Galileo global satellite navigation system, the transformation between inertial systems in classical mechanics denoted",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "4935171",
"chunk_text": "\"Hermann Bondi\"\nHermann Bondi Sir Hermann Bondi (1 November 1919 – 10 September 2005) was an Anglo-Austrian mathematician and cosmologist. He is best known for developing the Steady State theory of the universe with Fred Hoyle and Thomas Gold as an alternative to the Big Bang theory. He contributed to the theory of general relativity,<ref name=\"\"doi10.1023/A:1026726520289\"\"></ref> and was the first to analyze the inertial and gravitational interaction of negative mass. Bondi was born in Vienna, the son of a medical doctor. He was brought up in Vienna, where he studied at the Realgymnasium. He showed early prodigious ability at mathematics, and was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10171651",
"chunk_text": "\"Gerard Kuiper\"\nsociety of professional planetary scientists. The prize recognizes outstanding contributors to planetary science, and is awarded annually to scientists whose lifetime achievements have most advanced our understanding of planetary systems. Winners of this award include Carl Sagan, James Van Allen, and Eugene Shoemaker. Gerard Kuiper Gerard Peter Kuiper (; ; born Gerrit Pieter Kuiper; December 7, 1905 – December 23, 1973) was a Dutch–American astronomer, planetary scientist, selenographer, author and professor. He is the eponymous namesake of the Kuiper belt. Kuiper is considered by many to be the father of modern planetary science. As professor at the University of Chicago,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_983
|
which state is located in the centre of india?
|
n/a
|
[
"Chhattisgarh",
"Madhya Pradesh"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "241384",
"chunk_text": "\"Tamil Nadu\"\nTamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (\"\"Tamiḻ Nāḍu\"\" \"\"Tamil Country\"\", formerly Madras State) is one of the 29 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri Mountains, the Anaimalai Hills, and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
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"chunk_id": "13724243",
"chunk_text": "\"Central India\"\nCentral India Central India is a loosely defined region of India consisting of the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Indore, the commercial capital of Madhya Pradesh is the largest city in the region. Other major cities include Bhopal and Raipur. The states share many linguistic and cultural characteristics with the Northern Region including the predominance of Hindi. The states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh have been grouped along with the states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand as the Northern Zonal Council for cooperation. The Bhimbetka caves show evidence of paleolithic settlements in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Stone age tools have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "7216441",
"chunk_text": "\"East India\"\nEast India East India is a region of India consisting of the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and also the union territory Andaman and Nicobar Islands. West Bengal's capital Kolkata is the largest city of this region. The Kolkata Metropolitan Area is the country's third largest. The states of Bihar and West Bengal lie on the Indo-Gangetic plain. Jharkhand is situated on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. Odisha lies on the Eastern Ghats and the Deccan Plateau. The region is bounded by the Nepal and Sikkim Himalayas in the north, the states of Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
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"chunk_text": "Chhattisgarh\nChhattisgarh Chhattisgarh (, translation: \"\"Thirty-Six Forts\"\") is one of the 29 states of India, located in the centre-east of the country. It is the tenth-largest state in India, with an area of . With a population of 25.5 million, Chhattisgarh is the 17th-most populated state in the country. A resource-rich state, it is a source of electricity and steel for the country, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India. The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning 10 Chhattisgarhi and 6 Gondi speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh.",
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"chunk_text": "\"South India\"\nSouth India South India is the area including five Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as three union territories of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Puducherry, occupying 19% of India's area (). Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges–the Western and Eastern Ghats, bordering the plateau heartland. Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra and Vaigai rivers",
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"chunk_text": "Karnataka\nKarnataka Karnataka () is a state in the south western region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed \"\"Karnataka\"\" in 1973. The state corresponds to the Carnatic region. The capital and largest city is Bangalore (Bengaluru). Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the south. The state covers an area of ,",
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"chunk_text": "Maharashtra\nMaharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH) is a state of India, in the western region of the country and is India's second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. Spread over , it is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west and the Indian states of Karnataka, Telangana, Goa, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. It is also the world's second-most populous subnational entity. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population around 18 million making it the most populous urban area in India. Nagpur hosts",
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"chunk_text": "\"Proposed states and territories of India\"\nmovement for establishing a Bundelkhand state for promoting development of the region. Bundelkhand is geographically the central part of India covering part of Madhya Pradesh and part of Uttar Pradesh. In spite of being rich in minerals, the people of Bundelkhand are very poor and the region is underdeveloped and underrepresented in state and central politics. Agrarian crisis and farmer's suicides is also cited as reason for separate statehood. Purvanchal (Hindi: पूर्वांचल, Urdu: ) is a geographic region of north-central India, which comprises the eastern end of Uttar Pradesh state. It is bounded by Nepal to the north, Bihar state",
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"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Tamil Nadu\"\nGeography of Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India and covers an area of . It is bordered by Kerala to the west, Karnataka to the northwest, Andhra Pradesh to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Indian Ocean to the south. Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari), the southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula which is the meeting point of the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean. The western, southern and the north-western parts are hilly and rich in vegetation. Tamil Nadu is the only state in India which has",
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"chunk_text": "Rajasthan\nRajasthan Rajasthan ( ; literally, \"\"Land of Kings\"\") is a state in northern India. The state covers an area of or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert (also known as the \"\"Rajasthan Desert\"\" and \"\"Great Indian Desert\"\") and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej-Indus river valley. Elsewhere it is",
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"chunk_text": "\"Center of population\"\nwhereas, in 1790, it was in Kent County, Maryland, east-northeast of the then-new federal capital, Washington, D.C. The mean center of the India lies at the Lat 22.49 N, Long 80.10 E near the town of Nainpur in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Center of population In demographics, the centre of population (or population center) of a region is a geographical point that describes a centrepoint of the region's population. There are several different ways of defining such a \"\"centre point\"\", leading to different geographical locations; these are often confused. Three commonly used (but different) center points are: A further",
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"chunk_text": "\"Multinational state\"\n212 scheduled tribal groups, which together constitute about 7.5% of the country's population. India has a Muslim-majority state (Jammu and Kashmir) and a Muslim-majority union territory (Lakshadweep); three Christian-majority states (Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland); and a Sikh-majority state (Punjab). Most of its states are based on ethnicity, including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhatisgarh (Hindustani), Tamil Nadu (Tamil), Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (Telugu), Karnataka (Kannadigas), Odisha (Odia), Jammu and Kashmir (Dogras and Kashmiris), Goa (Konkanis), Gujarat (Gujarati), West Bengal (Bengali), Maharashtra (Marathi), Punjab (Punjabi), Haryana (Haryanvi), and Kerala (Malayali). Furthermore, several Indian states are themselves ethnically, religiously, and linguistically",
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"chunk_text": "Rajasthan\nDesert festival of Jodhpur, Brij Holi of Bharatpur, Matsya festival of Alwar, Kite festival of Jodhpur, Kolayat fair in Bikaner are some of the not to miss fair & festivals of Rajasthan. Rajasthan Rajasthan ( ; literally, \"\"Land of Kings\"\") is a state in northern India. The state covers an area of or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert (also known as the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
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"chunk_id": "10612931",
"chunk_text": "\"West Bengal\"\nWest Bengal West Bengal () is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal. With over 91million inhabitants (as of 2011), it is India's fourth-most populous state. It has an area of . A part of the ethno-linguistic Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, it borders Bangladesh in the east, and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also borders the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (Calcutta), the seventh-largest city in India. As for geography, West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region, the Ganges delta, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
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"chunk_text": "\"Transport in Maharashtra\"\nTransport in Maharashtra Maharashtra is a state in the western region of India. It is the second most populous state and third largest state by area in India. Maharashtra is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Gujarat and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the northwest, Madhya Pradesh to the north and northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the south, Telangana to the southeast and Goa to the southwest. The state covers an area of or 9.84% of the total geographical area of India. Mumbai, the capital city of the state, is India's largest",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_text": "\"Western India\"\nWestern India Western India is a loosely defined region of India consisting of its western part. The Ministry of Home Affairs in its Western Zonal Council Administrative division includes the states of Goa, Gujarat, and Maharashtra along with the Union territory of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli while the Ministry of Culture and some historians also include the state of Rajasthan. The Geological Survey of India includes Maharashtra but excludes Rajasthan whereas Ministry of Minority Affairs includes Karnataka but excludes Rajasthan. Madhya Pradesh is also often included and Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and southern Punjab are sometimes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_text": "\"Madhya Pradesh\"\nMadhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (MP; , ; meaning \"\"Central Province\"\") is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and the largest city is Indore, with Jabalpur, Gwalior and Ujjain being the other major cities. Nicknamed the \"\"Heart of India\"\" due to its geographical location, Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest. Its total area is 308,252",
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_text": "\"Punjab, India\"\nPunjab, India Punjab () is a state in northern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest, and the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west. The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres, 1.53% of India's total geographical area. It is the 20th-largest Indian state by area. With 27,704,236 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Punjab is the 16th-largest state by population, comprising 22 districts.",
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"chunk_text": "Sikkim\nSikkim Sikkim () is a state in northeast India. It borders Tibet in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Nepal in the west, and West Bengal in the south. Sikkim is also located close to India's Siliguri Corridor near Bangladesh. Sikkim is the least populous and second smallest among the Indian states. A part of the Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim is notable for its biodiversity, including alpine and subtropical climates, as well as being a host to Kanchenjunga, the highest peak in India and third highest on Earth. Sikkim's capital and largest city is Gangtok. Almost 35% of the",
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"chunk_text": "\"Punjab, India\"\nPartition of 1947, in Amritsar, called the Partition Museum. Punjab, India Punjab () is a state in northern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest, and the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west. The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres, 1.53% of India's total geographical area. It is the 20th-largest Indian state by area. With 27,704,236 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Punjab",
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"chunk_text": "\"Suicide in India\"\nor in another statistical. The southern states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu along with eastern states of West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram have a suicide rate of greater than 16 while it is less than 4 in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Puducherry reported the highest suicide rate at 36.8 per 100,000 people, followed by Sikkim, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The lowest suicide rates were reported in Bihar (0.8 per 100,000), followed by Nagaland and Manipur. In India, about 46,000 suicides occurred each in 15–29 and 30–44 age groups in 2012 – or about 34% each of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Tamil Nadu\"\nthe Cholas and the Shore Temple along with the collection of other monuments in Mahabalipuram (also called Mamallapuram) have been declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Erwadi in Ramanathapuram district is one of the major Islamic tourist attraction site. Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (\"\"Tamiḻ Nāḍu\"\" \"\"Tamil Country\"\", formerly Madras State) is one of the 29 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"North India\"\nthe temperate zone from the tropical zone in the Northern Hemisphere, runs through India, and could theoretically be regarded as a geographical dividing line in the country. Indian states that are entirely above the Tropic of Cancer are Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and most of North East Indian states. However that definition would also include major parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and West Bengal and minor regions of Chhattisgarh and Gujarat. In Mumbai, the term \"\"North Indian\"\" is sometimes used to describe migrants from eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, often",
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"chunk_text": "Maharashtra\nsystematic development and promotion of tourism in the state. MTDC has, since its inception, been involved in the development and maintenance of the various tourist locations of Maharashtra. MTDC owns and maintains resorts at all key tourist centers and having more resorts is on the plan. Government General information Maharashtra Maharashtra (; , abbr. MH) is a state of India, in the western region of the country and is India's second-most populous state and third-largest state by area. Spread over , it is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west and the Indian states of Karnataka, Telangana, Goa, Gujarat,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Tamil Nadu\"\nand is the eleventh largest state in India. The bordering states are Kerala to the west, Karnataka to the north west and Andhra Pradesh to the north. To the east is the Bay of Bengal and the state encircles the union territory of Puducherry. The southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula is Kanyakumari which is the meeting point of the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean. The western, southern and the north western parts are hilly and rich in vegetation. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats meet at the Nilgiri hills. The Western Ghats traverse",
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"page_id": 24
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"chunk_text": "Ranchi\nRanchi Ranchi ( ) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, western West Bengal and the eastern area of what is present-day Chhattisgarh. The Jharkhand state was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas. Ranchi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission. The name Ranchi is derived",
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"chunk_text": "\"States and union territories of India\"\n22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli became separate union territories. In November 2000, three new states were created; namely, Chhattisgarh from eastern Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal from northwest Uttar Pradesh (renamed Uttarakhand in 2007) and Jharkhand from southern districts of Bihar. Orissa was renamed as Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 as ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh. States and",
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"chunk_text": "\"Geography of Karnataka\"\nGeography of Karnataka The Indian State of Karnataka is located 11°30' North and 18°30' North latitudes and 74° East and 78°30' East longitude. It is situated on a tableland where the Western and Eastern Ghat ranges converge into the complex, in the western part of the Deccan Peninsular region of India. The State is bounded by Maharashtra and Goa States in the north and northwest; by the Arabian Sea in the west; by Kerala and Tamil Nadu States in the south and by the States of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in the east. Karnataka extends to about 750 km from",
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"chunk_id": "10826607",
"chunk_text": "\"Chief minister (India)\"\nChief minister (India) In the Republic of India, a chief minister is the elected head of government of each of Twenty nine states and seven union territories (Delhi and Pondicherry). According to the Constitution of India, the Governor is a state's \"\"de jure\"\" head, but \"\"de facto\"\" executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the state legislative assembly in a state, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints and swears in the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the",
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"chunk_text": "\"India tribal belt\"\ncountry though their geographical distribution is far from uniform. A majority of the Scheduled Tribe population is concentrated in the eastern, central and western belt covering the nine States of Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. About 12 percent inhabit the North-eastern region, about five percent in the Southern region and about three percent in the Northern States. The Tribal Belt of Northwest India includes the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat. The tribal people of this region have origins which precede the arrival of the Ancestral North Indians and are linked to the",
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"chunk_text": "\"North India\"\nTowards its north are the Himalayas which define the boundary between the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan plateau. To its west is the Thar desert, shared between North India and Pakistan and the Aravalli Range, beyond which lies the state of Gujarat. The Vindhya mountains are, in some interpretations, taken to be the southern boundary of North India. The predominant geographical features of North India are: The state of Madhya Pradesh has large areas under forest cover, as do Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh. North India lies mainly in the north temperate zone of the Earth. Though cool or cold",
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"chunk_text": "\"East India\"\nthe west, the state of Andhra Pradesh in the south and the Bay of Bengal on the east. It is connected to the Seven Sister States of Northeast India by the narrow Siliguri Corridor in the north east of West Bengal. The region was the historical centre of the Nanda, Maurya, Shunga, Gupta and Pala empires that ruled much of the Indian sub-continent at their prime. In medieval India, it was incorporated into the Mughal, Maratha and then the British empire. After independence in 1947, the states joined the Indian Union and took their current form after the States Reorganisation",
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"chunk_text": "\"Central Provinces\"\nState to the north, the Chota Nagpur States and Kalahandi State to the east, and the Nizam's territories of Hyderabad to the south and Berar to the west. The Central Provinces was landlocked, occupying the mountain ranges, plateaus, and river valleys in the centre of the Indian Subcontinent. The northernmost portion of the state extended onto the Bundelkhand upland, whose northward-flowing rivers are tributaries of the Yamuna and Ganges. The Vindhya Range runs east and west, forming the watershed between the Ganges-Yamuna basin and the Narmada River basin, which occupies the center and west of the province, and flows westward",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Flora and fauna of Madhya Pradesh\"\nFlora and fauna of Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is often called the \"\"Heart of India\"\", is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal. Madhya Pradesh was originally the largest state in India until November 1, 2000 when the state of Chhattisgarh was carved out. It borders the states Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Lying between latitude 21°04'N-26.87°N and longitude 74°02'-82°49' E, it is a reservoir of biodiversity. The geographical area of the state is 308,252 km which constitutes 9.38% of the land area of the country. The forest area of the state is 95,221 km constituting",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"Flora and fauna of Madhya Pradesh\"\nin and around forests in Madhya Pradesh. The main tribal groups are: Flora and fauna of Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is often called the \"\"Heart of India\"\", is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal. Madhya Pradesh was originally the largest state in India until November 1, 2000 when the state of Chhattisgarh was carved out. It borders the states Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Lying between latitude 21°04'N-26.87°N and longitude 74°02'-82°49' E, it is a reservoir of biodiversity. The geographical area of the state is 308,252 km which constitutes 9.38% of the land area of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16226385",
"chunk_text": "Bihar\nwas established in 2015. The Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bhagalpur, was established in 2017. Bihar Bihar (; ) is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern and Northern India. It is the thirteenth-largest Indian state, with an area of . The third-largest state by population, it is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, with Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. Bihar is an amalgamation of three distinct regions: Magadh,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Tourism in India by state\"\nof Indian history, culture and heritage. The Goa Carnival is a world-famous event, with colourful masks and floats, drums and reverberating music, and dance performances. Gujarat, the seventh largest state in India, located in the western part of India with a coastline of 1600 km (longest in India). It is the tenth most popular state in the country for tourists with annual footfall of 18.9 million tourists. Gujarat's natural environment varies from Great Rann of Kutch to the hills of Saputara. Gujarat is the sole home of the pure Asiatic lions and is considered to be one of the most",
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"chunk_text": "Gujarat\nGujarat Gujarat ( \"\"\"\" ) is a state in Western India and Northwest India, a coastline of – most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula – and a population in excess of 60 million. It is the sixth largest Indian state by area and the ninth largest state by population. Gujarat is bordered by Rajasthan to the northeast, Daman and Diu to the south, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Maharashtra to the southeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west. Its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest",
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"chunk_id": "990261",
"chunk_text": "\"Western India\"\n85% of the households have access to electricity with about 55% owning a television. Agriculture employs most people in the region, while services have largest share in the total GDP. Western India Western India is a loosely defined region of India consisting of its western part. The Ministry of Home Affairs in its Western Zonal Council Administrative division includes the states of Goa, Gujarat, and Maharashtra along with the Union territory of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli while the Ministry of Culture and some historians also include the state of Rajasthan. The Geological Survey of India includes",
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"chunk_text": "\"South India\"\nbackwater cruises. The Eastern Naval Command and Southern Naval Command of the Indian Navy are headquartered at Visakhapatnam and Kochi respectively. The Indian Navy has its major operational bases in Visakhapatnam, Chennai, Kochi, Karwar and Kavaratti in the region. South India South India is the area including five Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as three union territories of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and Puducherry, occupying 19% of India's area (). Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east,",
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"chunk_text": "\"Economic development in India\"\nreforms, it could sustain the rate and even reach the government's 2011 target of 10%. States have large responsibilities over their economies. The average annual growth rates (2007-12) for Gujarat (13.86%), Uttarakhand (13.66%), Bihar (10.15%) or Jharkhand (9.85%) were higher than for West Bengal (6.24%), Maharashtra (7.84%), Odisha (7.05%), Punjab (6.85%) or Assam (5.88%). India is the sixth-largest economy in the world and the third largest by purchasing power parity adjusted exchange rates (PPP). On per capita basis, it ranks 140th in the world or 129th by PPP. The economic growth has been driven by the expansion of the services",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "11195435",
"chunk_text": "\"Himachal Pradesh\"\nHimachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh (; literally \"\"snow-laden province\"\") is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is bordered by states of Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west, Haryana on the southwest, Uttarakhand on the southeast, and Tibet on the east. At its southernmost point, it also touches the state of Uttar Pradesh. The state's name was coined from the Sanskrit—\"\"Him\"\" means 'snow' and \"\"achal\"\" means 'land' or 'abode'—by acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma, one of the state's eminent Sanskrit scholars. The state is spread across valleys. About 90% of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"chunk_id": "13431831",
"chunk_text": "Bundelkhand\nfrom Madhya Pradesh as well. Uma Bharati of Bharatiya Janata Party has promised separate state of Bundelkhand within three years if her party voted to power, during campaign for Loksabha Election, 2014 at Jhansi. Similar promise was made by Congress leader Pradeep Jain Aditya during Loksabha Election, 2014. Since the early 1960s there has been a movement for establishing a Bundelkhand state or promoting development of the region. Bundelkhand is geographically the central part of India covering some part of Madhya Pradesh and some part of Uttar Pradesh. (At Sagar is the exact centre of the original undivided India: the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "11653833",
"chunk_text": "Goa\nGoa Goa () is a state on the western coast of India, within the region known as the Konkan. It is bounded by Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south, with the Arabian Sea forming its western coast. It is India's smallest state by area and the fourth-smallest by population. Goa has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states, two and a half times that of the country. It was ranked the best-placed state by the Eleventh Finance Commission for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_id": "1748730",
"chunk_text": "\"Geography of India\"\nGreat Nicobar Island); Rama's Bridge, and Point Calimere. The Arabian Sea lies to the west of India, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean lie to the east and south, respectively. Smaller seas include the Laccadive Sea and the Andaman Sea. There are four coral reefs in India, located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Gulf of Mannar, Lakshadweep, and the Gulf of Kutch. Important lakes include Sambhar Lake, the country's largest saltwater lake in Rajasthan, Vembanad Lake in Kerala, Kolleru Lake in Andhra Pradesh, Loktak Lake in Manipur, Dal Lake in Kashmir, Chilka Lake(lagoon lake) in Odisha,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "14769095",
"chunk_text": "Tripura\nTripura Tripura () is a state in Northeast India. The third-smallest state in the country, it covers and is bordered by Bangladesh to the north, south, and west, and the Indian states of Assam and Mizoram to the east. In 2011 the state had 3,671,032 residents, constituting 0.3% of the country's population. The area of modern 'Tripura' was ruled for several centuries by the Tripuri dynasty. It was the independent princely state of the Tripuri Kingdom under the protectorate of the British Empire which was known as Hill Tippera while the area annexed and ruled directly by British India was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9298679",
"chunk_text": "Kerala\nKerala Kerala () is a state on the southwestern, Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions. Spread over , Kerala is the twenty second largest Indian state by area. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea and Arabian Sea to the west. With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census, Kerala is the thirteenth-largest Indian state by population. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "990250",
"chunk_text": "\"Western India\"\nincluded. Western India may also refer to the western half of India, i.e. all the states west of Delhi and Chennai, thus also including Punjab, Kerala and surrounding states. The region is highly industrialized, with a large urban population. Roughly, western India is bounded by the Thar Desert in the north, the Vindhya Range in the east and north and the Arabian Sea in the west. A major portion of Western India shares the Thar Desert with North India and Pakistan and the Deccan Plateau with South and Central India. In ancient history, Western India was divided into three great",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3505004",
"chunk_text": "\"Proposed states and territories of India\"\nyear. Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu became a separate union territory. Three new states were created in November 2000: Chhattisgarh (1 November) was created out of eastern Madhya Pradesh; Uttaranchal (9 November), which was later renamed Uttarakhand, was created out of the mountainous districts of northwest Uttar Pradesh; and Jharkhand (15 November) was created out of the southern districts of Bihar. On 2 June 2014, Telangana was separated from Andhra Pradesh as the 29th state of the union. The agitation for the creation of a separate Bodoland state resulted in an agreement between the Indian Government, the Assam",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5817982",
"chunk_text": "\"North India\"\nNorth India North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India. The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indus-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas, which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia. The term North India has varying definitions—the Ministry of Home Affairs in its Northern Zonal Council Administrative division included the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Rajasthan and Union Territories of Delhi, Chandigarh. while the Ministry of Culture in its \"\"North Culture Zone\"\" includes the state of Uttarakhand but excludes Delhi whereas the Geological Survey",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_984
|
when was the last time an american won the new york marathon?
|
n/a
|
[
"2009",
"2017"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\ntime of 2:11:32. On the women's side, the winner was Shalane Flanagan, a native of Marblehead, Massachusetts. She was the first American to win since 1977. Her time was 2:26:53. Mary Keitany placed 2nd with 2:27:54, and Mamitu Daska finished 3rd with a time of 2:28:08. The 2018 TCS New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 4. Lelisa Desisa of Ethiopia won his first New York City Marathon after finishing third in 2017, third in 2015 and second in 2014, followed by Shura Kitata and defending champion Geoffrey Kamworor. Their times of 2:05:59, 2:06:01 and 2:06:26 were the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
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"chunk_id": "17794538",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nNew York City Marathon The New York City Marathon (currently branded TCS New York City Marathon for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon () that courses through the five boroughs of New York City. It is the largest marathon in the world, with 52,812 finishers in 2018 and 98,247 applicants for the 2017 race. Along with the Boston Marathon and Chicago Marathon, it is among the pre-eminent long-distance annual running events in the United States and is one of the World Marathon Majors. The race is organized by New York Road Runners and has been run every year since 1970,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "19579871",
"chunk_text": "\"Meb Keflezighi\"\nMeb Keflezighi Mebrahtom \"\"Meb\"\" Keflezighi (; Ge'ez: መብራህቶም ክፍልእዝጊ, \"\"Mebrāhtōm Kifl'izgī\"\"; born May 5, 1975) is a retired Eritrean-born American long distance runner. He is the 2004 Olympic silver medalist in the marathon and finished in fourth place in the 2012 Summer Olympics. He won the 2009 New York City Marathon on November 1, 2009, and the 2014 Boston Marathon on April 21, 2014, becoming the first American man to win each race since 1982 and 1983, respectively. Keflezighi is a graduate of UCLA where he won four NCAA championships competing for the UCLA Bruins track and field team. He",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
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"chunk_id": "429668",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nthe 2012 cancellation, Geoffrey Mutai returned to become the first repeat winner in 15 years (after John Kagwe in 1997-1998). Under windy conditions, his 2:08:24 was more than 3 minutes slower than in 2011. Mutai broke away around mile 22 to win by almost a minute over Ethiopian Tsegaye Kebede, who had finished third two years earlier. Jeptoo spotted Buzunesh Deba, an Ethiopian runner who has lived in the Bronx since 2009, three and a half minutes at the half-marathon mark, but came back to pass her in the 24th mile. The 2014 New York City Marathon was run on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "5021499",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nNew York area on WNBC, and on Universal Sports for the entire country, However, in 2013, WABC-TV and ESPN announced they would begin broadcasting the New York City Marathon. The Marathon can also be watched online. On September 29, 1974, Norbert Sander and Kathrine Switzer became the only New York City residents to win the New York City Marathon. Grete Waitz, the Norwegian long distance runner, sets a new course record for women at 2:32:30 and wins her first New York Marathon. Waitz goes on to win 9 New York Marathons, the most course wins in any category to date.",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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"chunk_id": "429669",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nSunday, November 2, 2014. It was announced on October 2, 2013, that the marathon's main sponsor would be Tata Consultancy Services starting in 2014. It is an eight-year deal, and the race was renamed the TCS New York City Marathon. Wind was unusually high, blowing from the north on a mostly northbound course. Winners were Wilson Kipsang and Mary Keitany. The 2015 New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 1, 2015. Winners were Stanley Biwott and Mary Keitany. The 2016 New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 6. Ghirmay Ghebreslassie won the men's competition with a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10065710",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nin a time of 2:10:30. The top female finisher was Margaret Okayo of Kenya in time of 2:22:31, breaking her previous course record of 2:24:21 set in 2001. In recent years, runners from Kenya have dominated the event. The top Americans were Matt Downin (2:18:48) and Sylvia Mosqueda (2:33:10), both from California. Rapper P.Diddy also ran for charity and raised $2,000,000 for the New York City Education system. The top female finisher was Britain's Paula Radcliffe in a time of 2:23:10, beating Kenya's Susan Chepkemei by 4 seconds, the closest finish up to that time. The top male was Hendrik",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
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"chunk_id": "6364328",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nMarathons. The women's winner was the world Marathon record holder Paula Radcliffe from Great Britain in a time of 2:23:09, one second faster than her 2004 win. The 2008 New York City Marathon was held on Sunday, November 2. A field of 37,899 runners participated. The men's winner was Marílson Gomes dos Santos in 2:08:43. Paula Radcliffe won her third NYC marathon in 2:23:56. The 2008 marathon events were marred by the deaths of three marathon participants: The 2009 New York City Marathon was held Sunday November 1, 2009. Meb Keflezighi of the United States won the men's race (the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "429674",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nthe race. New York City Marathon The New York City Marathon (currently branded TCS New York City Marathon for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon () that courses through the five boroughs of New York City. It is the largest marathon in the world, with 52,812 finishers in 2018 and 98,247 applicants for the 2017 race. Along with the Boston Marathon and Chicago Marathon, it is among the pre-eminent long-distance annual running events in the United States and is one of the World Marathon Majors. The race is organized by New York Road Runners and has been run every year",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3877709",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Half Marathon\"\nmarathon medalists Catherine Ndereba, Meb Keflezighi, and Deena Kastor, 2008 U.S. Olympic marathoner Dathan Ritzenhein, and American half marathon record holder Ryan Hall. Gebrselassie set the men's course record in 2007, with a time of 59:24. On March 20, 2016, Molly Huddle set the women's record with a time of 1:07:41. In its earlier years, the event was run on various dates in the summer; in 2010, it was moved to March. The 2010 race had a field of 14,821 registered runners and 11,604 finishers. Mary Wittenberg, president of the NYRR, said in 2010 that she expects a possible growth",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 9
},
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"chunk_id": "429662",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\na time of 2:08:14. The race featured 37-year-old world record holder Haile Gebrselassie, who ran with a bad knee and dropped out of the race at the 16th mile. Afterwards, he announced his retirement, but later reversed this decision. Edna Kiplagat won the women's title with a time of 2 hours, 28 minutes, 20 seconds, ahead of American Shalane Flanagan. The total number of official finishers, 44,829 (28,757 men and 16,072 women) was a new world record for a marathon race. The 2011 Marathon was held on November 6. The men's event was won by Geoffrey Mutai of Kenya in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 10
},
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"chunk_id": "6364329",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nfirst American since Alberto Salazar in 1982) with a time of 2:09:15 while Ethiopian Derartu Tulu took the women's crown in 2:28:52, the first Ethiopian woman to do so. This was the first marathon in history with more than 40,000 official finishers, as 43,660 crossed the finish, 5,053 more than the previous best at the 2008 edition of this race. The 2010 New York City Marathon was held on November 7. Gebregziabher Gebremariam of Ethiopia, in his first-ever marathon, won the race after breaking away from his last rival, Emmanuel Mutai of Kenya, in the 25th mile to finish in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
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"chunk_id": "6364342",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\ntime of 2:07:51. The female race winner was Mary Keitany from Kenya in 2:24:26. Male wheelchair race winner was Marcel Hug with a time of 1:35:49, and Female wheelchair race winner was Tatyana McFadden with a time of 1:47:43. In 2016, Lauren Lubin ran as the first openly genderqueer/non-binary athlete in the New York City Marathon. The 2017 TCS New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 5. Geoffrey Kamworor, a native of Kenya, won the men's competition with a time of 2:10:53, 3 seconds ahead of 2nd-place finisher Wilson Kipsang. In 3rd place was Lelisa Desisa with a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13753307",
"chunk_text": "\"Galen Rupp\"\nthe \"\"Faxon Law New Haven Road Race\"\" in 59:04, holding off Leonard Korir at the finish line, and Sam Chelanga with a close third in 59:16. On October 8, 2017, Rupp won the Bank of America Chicago Marathon with a time of 2:09:20, becoming the first American male to win the race since Khalid Khannouchi in 2002 and the first American-born runner to win since Greg Meyer in 1982. On March 11, 2018, Rupp won the Ostia Half Marathon in 59:47, the second American to run under 60 minutes. He missed Ryan Hall's American record by 4 seconds. At the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "429664",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nDeba with a time of 2:23:19. There were a world record 46,795 official finishers: 29,867 men and 16,928 women. Edison Peña, famous for maintaining his running routine during the 69 days he was trapped in the 2010 Copiapó mining accident, ran the race. Former NHL player, Mark Messier, finished with a time just over 4 hours at age 50. Retired Dutch soccer player, Edwin van der Sar, ran in 4:19 and said it was the toughest thing he had ever done. Former CART champion Alex Zanardi won the handcycle class. The 2012 marathon was scheduled for November 4, 2012. Organizers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9055253",
"chunk_text": "\"Miki Gorman\"\nin a course record of 2:47:11. Gorman would also place second at Boston in 1976, and won Boston again in 1977. Gorman also won the New York City Marathon twice, in 1976 and 1977, at the age of 41 and 42 respectively. Until November 5, 2017, when the race was won by Shalane Flanagan, she had been the last American woman to win the New York City Marathon. She set a personal best during her 1976 victory with a time of 2:39:11, then the second fastest women's marathon in history and just a minute off the world record. Gorman participated",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "429663",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\na time of 2:05:05, breaking the 10-year-old course record. Second-place runner Emmanuel Mutai, also of Kenya, and third-place runner Tsegaye Kebede of Ethiopia also beat the previous record for the event, with times of 2:06:28 and 2:07:14, respectively. Geoffrey Mutai, who won the Boston Marathon earlier in the year, became the first man to win both races in course-record time in the same year. Firehiwot Dado of Ethiopia won the women's race in a time of 2:23:15, her first major marathon victory. Coming second, 4 seconds behind the leader originally from Ethiopia, but now living in the Bronx, was Bizunesh",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "429654",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nRamaala of South Africa with a time of 2:09:28. The top Americans were Meb Keflezighi (2nd, 2:18:48) from California and Jenny Crain (15th, 2:41:06), from Wisconsin. In the closest finish in New York City Marathon history, Paul Tergat of Kenya barely outsprinted Hendrick Ramaala of South Africa in the final meters of the race for a time of 2:09:30, beating Ramaala by one second. In the women's race, Jeļena Prokopčuka of Latvia won in a time of 2:24:41. Tops amongst the Americans were Meb Keflezighi of California (2:09:56) and Jen Rhines of California (2:37:07). South African Ernst Van Dyk took",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5021498",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nthe race day was moved to November. The earliest race day was the marathon's first; the latest date in the season of the marathon was November 14, 1993. The hottest year for the race was 1979, when the race day of October 21 reached 80°F. The coldest race was in 1995, when the race day of November 12 only reached 43°F, with a strong wind chill. The New York City Marathon has now become the largest marathon anywhere in the world. Each year nearly two million spectators line the course. Prior to 2013, the marathon was broadcast live in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13874414",
"chunk_text": "\"Shalane Flanagan\"\ncoach with the Bowerman Track Club. Shalane Flanagan Shalane Flanagan (born July 8, 1981) is an American long-distance runner. She holds the American record times in the 3000 meters (indoor), 5000 m (indoor) and 15K road race. She won the bronze medal at the 2008 Olympics in the 10,000 m (since upgraded to silver) and the bronze medal at the 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She won the Women's 2017 New York City Marathon, the first American woman to do so since Miki Gorman in 1977. Flanagan grew up in Marblehead, Massachusetts. She attended Marblehead High School, where she",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13874385",
"chunk_text": "\"Shalane Flanagan\"\nShalane Flanagan Shalane Flanagan (born July 8, 1981) is an American long-distance runner. She holds the American record times in the 3000 meters (indoor), 5000 m (indoor) and 15K road race. She won the bronze medal at the 2008 Olympics in the 10,000 m (since upgraded to silver) and the bronze medal at the 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She won the Women's 2017 New York City Marathon, the first American woman to do so since Miki Gorman in 1977. Flanagan grew up in Marblehead, Massachusetts. She attended Marblehead High School, where she excelled in cross country and track.",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "424883",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nwith a prosthetic leg when he finished the 1976 New York City Marathon. The marathon grew in popularity two years later when Norwegian Grete Waitz broke the women's world record, finishing in 2:32:30. She went on to win the race an unprecedented nine times. An official wheelchair and handcycle division was introduced in 2000, and starting in 2002, the elite women are given a 35-minute head start before the elite men and rest of the field. During the 1970s, the race was run in September. In the 1980s, race day was moved from September to late October. In the 1990s,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13874409",
"chunk_text": "\"Shalane Flanagan\"\nbronze medal in the 10,000 meters was upgraded to silver after runner up Elvan Abeylegesse had her silver medal stripped due to a positive result for banned substances found in a retroactive test. On November 5, 2017, Flanagan won the Women's New York City Marathon in 2:26:53. With about 3 miles to go, she pulled ahead of 3-time defending champion and women's-only marathon world record holder Mary Keitany of Kenya and finished ahead of her by 1:01. It was Flanagan's first win in a major marathon and the first win by an American woman at the NYC Marathon in 40",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "429657",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nFormer American professional road racing cyclist and triathlete Lance Armstrong ran in the 2006 race, finishing 868th with a time of 2:59:36. He also ran the same year in the British 10K. Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee also completed the race in 2006, finishing in 5:33:43, and wearing bib #110, signifying the 110 pounds lost during his weight loss campaign. Amanda McGrory won the female wheelchair race in the time of 1:54:17, the male wheelchair division was won by Kurt Fearnley in a time of 1:29:22. The 2007 New York City Marathon was held on Sunday, November 4. It was the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20064698",
"chunk_text": "Ultramarathon\nwas a financial success. Since 1997, runners have been competing in the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race, which is billed as the longest official footrace in the world. They run 100 laps a day for up to 50 days around a single block in Queens, NY, for a total distance of . The current recordholder is Ashprihanal Pekka Aalto, at 40 days 09:06:21 for a daily average of in 2015. The latest Trans-American Footrace (2015) winner was Robert HP Young (Marathon Man UK) Winning in a time of 482 hours 10 minutes 00 seconds In April 2006, the American Ultrarunning Hall",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11528224",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 New York City Marathon\"\nBrooklyn side of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, shortening the course to 23.2 miles. Kurt Fearnley of Australia won the men's wheelchair division with a time of 1:30:55, earning his fifth New York City win. Tatyana McFadden of Clarksville, Maryland successfully defended her title with a time of 1:42:16 on the shortened course, and, as a result, has become not only the sole person to have ever won four major marathons in a year (Boston, London, Chicago, and New York City), but also the sole person to do so two years in a row. This was the first marathon for which Tata",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17720491",
"chunk_text": "\"Darren Rovell\"\nwas earning money from the sale of autographs, in potential violation of NCAA rules. This was never confirmed as Rovell's alleged sources would not speak to the NCAA and confirm his story. In November 2009, Rovell made controversial remarks in an article regarding an American athlete, Meb Keflezighi, the first American to win a New York City Marathon since 1982, by suggesting that he was a ringer. He later apologized. On November 17, 2011, Rovell sent a tweet to his followers on Twitter, asking them to come forward with stories about how their businesses were losing money during the 2011",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3877708",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Half Marathon\"\nthe 2018 race. The course begins in Prospect Park and heads northwest along Flatbush Avenue, and then crosses the Manhattan Bridge. Runners then proceed through the Lower East Side towards FDR Drive, and exit onto 42nd Street. At Times Square, the course heads north on Seventh Avenue into Central Park. Runners follow the main loop in Central Park clockwise, cut across the park on the 102nd Street Transverse, and then finish near 75th Street on the west side of the park. Numerous world class runners have participated in the race, including marathon record holders Haile Gebrselassie and Paula Radcliffe, Olympic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3984534",
"chunk_text": "\"Abebe Bikila Award\"\nRadcliffe, Khalid Khannouchi and Paul Tergat; and multiple major marathon winners Grete Waitz, Alberto Salazar and Joan Samuelson. While the award has typically been associated with elite level runners, particularly marathon runners, it has also been given to non-athletes. Fred Lebow – creator of the New York Marathon – became the first person to win the award who was not a professional athlete in 1995. The 2001 award was given to Mayor of New York Rudy Giuliani on the basis of his dedication to the city in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. The 2009 winner, long-time road running",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10065720",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nthe wheelchair race in 1:31:11. The 2005 event was administered by new NYRR CEO Mary Wittenberg. It is notable that she was the first woman director of an international Major marathon. The top male finisher was Marílson Gomes dos Santos of Brazil in a time of 2:09:58, while Jeļena Prokopčuka of Latvia won the female marathon for the second consecutive time in a time of 2:25:05. Gomes dos Santos becomes the first South American ever to win the race. Stephen Kiogora of Kenya placed second, and Paul Tergat, the 2005 defending champion and former marathon world record holder, placed third.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10058552",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nof 5:32:35. Waitz would herself succumb to cancer in 2011 after what she called the toughest fight of her life. During the 1994 event, Germán Silva recovered from a wrong turn seven-tenths of a mile before the finish that put him temporarily in second place 40 yards behind Benjamín Paredes. He ran a 5:15 final mile, including the detour, to beat Paredes and win the event by two seconds with a time of 2:11:21. The incident earned him the nickname \"\"Wrong Way Silva\"\" A record 34,729 people participated in the race. The top male finisher was Martin Lel of Kenya",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11904766",
"chunk_text": "\"2013 New York City Marathon\"\n2013 New York City Marathon The 2013 New York City Marathon took place on Sunday, November 3, 2013, and was the 43rd edition of that race. It followed a one-year hiatus after the 2012 New York City Marathon was canceled due to Hurricane Sandy. Geoffrey Mutai of Kenya won the men's division with a time of 2:08:24, his second consecutive win in New York. Priscah Jeptoo, also from Kenya, won the women's division with a time of 2:25:07. The two winners each received $100,000 in prize money, with Jeptoo capturing the World Marathon Majors title for $500,000. In the women's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11904767",
"chunk_text": "\"2013 New York City Marathon\"\nwheelchair division, Tatyana McFadden of the U.S. completed a historic sweep of the Boston, London, Chicago, and New York marathons in the same year, winning in 1:59:13. She became the first person to win four major marathons in a single calendar year. Switzerland's Marcel Hug won the men's wheelchair division in 1:40:14. Jimmy Jenson became the first person with Down Syndrome to run the entire New York City Marathon, and Joy Johnson became the oldest woman to do so at age 86. A record high of 50,740 runners participated, of which 50,304 finished the marathon. This was the largest number",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11528223",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 New York City Marathon\"\n2014 New York City Marathon The 44th New York City Marathon took place on November 2, 2014. It was won by Wilson Kipsang of Kenya with a time of 2:10:59 and Mary Keitany of Kenya with a time of 2:25:07. It was the largest marathon ever, with a record number of 50869 starters and 50564 finishers, and an average finish time of 4:34:45. With 50,564 finishers, the 2014 New York City Marathon broke the record for most finishers. The winds were exceptional this year, forcing race officials to move the start line of the wheelchair and handcycle competitions to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1773465",
"chunk_text": "\"Greg Meyer\"\nAlberto Salazar. The U.S. boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and Meyer finished 7th in the 1984 Trials. Greg Meyer Greg Meyer (born September 18, 1955) is an American long-distance runner. Meyer's winning time for the 1983 Boston Marathon race was 2:09.00. He was the last American to win the Boston Marathon until 2014, and the last person born in America to win the Chicago Marathon until 2017. He set ten American road racing records and two world records, and won the River Bank Run, in his home town of Grand Rapids, seven times. Meyer was born in Grand Rapids, MI",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7309859",
"chunk_text": "\"Fort Washington Avenue Armory\"\ncampaign began to refurbish and modernize the Armory into a state-of-the-art facility. Norbert W. Sander Jr., who spearheaded the campaign, was the only New Yorker to have won the New York Marathon, and a longtime member of the board of New York Road Runners. He raised $25 million and convinced elected officials, governmental agencies and corporate sponsors to allow him to take over the Armory. As part of the renovation, a banked track was installed. In 2002, the armory was chosen as the permanent home of the National Track and Field Hall of Fame, and it is now the largest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17794546",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nOnly about 100 spectators watched Gary Muhrcke win the race in 2:31:38. In fact, a total of only 55 runners crossed the finish line. Over the years, the marathon grew larger and larger. To celebrate the U.S. bicentennial in 1976, city auditor George Spitz proposed that the race traverse all five boroughs. With the support of Manhattan Borough President Percy Sutton, the men convinced Mayor Beame and, eventually, race director Fred Lebow. The race was a huge success, and what was intended as a one-time celebration, became the annual course. Dick Traum became the first person to complete a marathon",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16226743",
"chunk_text": "Marathon\nin the United States. Later that year, races around the holiday season including the Empire City Marathon held on New Year's Day 1909 in Yonkers, New York, marked the early running craze referred to as \"\"marathon mania\"\". Following the 1908 Olympics, the first five amateur marathons in New York City were held on days that held special meanings: Thanksgiving Day, the day after Christmas, New Year's Day, Washington's Birthday, and Lincoln's Birthday. Frank Shorter's victory in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics would spur national enthusiasm for the sport more intense than that which followed Hayes' win 64 years",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16226754",
"chunk_text": "Marathon\nrace was declared the US National Wheelchair championship. The Boston Marathon awards $10,000 to the winning push-rim athlete. Ernst van Dyk has won the Boston Marathon wheelchair division ten times and holds the world record at 1:18:27, set in Boston in 2004. Jean Driscoll won eight times (seven consecutively) and holds the women's world record at 1:34:22. The New York City Marathon banned wheelchair entrants in 1977, citing safety concerns, but then voluntarily allowed Bob Hall to compete after the state Division of Human Rights ordered the marathon to show cause. The Division ruled in 1979 that the New York",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17794539",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\nwith the exception of 2012, when it was cancelled due to the landfall of Hurricane Sandy. In past years, it has been sponsored by the financial group ING. In 2014, Tata Consultancy Services, a multinational information technology (IT) service, consulting, and business solutions company headquartered in India, began an eight-year term as the title sponsor. The race is held on the first Sunday of November and attracts professional competitors and amateurs from all over the world. Because of the popularity of the race, participation is chosen largely by a lottery system. Guaranteed entry to the marathon can be gained by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1773462",
"chunk_text": "\"Greg Meyer\"\nGreg Meyer Greg Meyer (born September 18, 1955) is an American long-distance runner. Meyer's winning time for the 1983 Boston Marathon race was 2:09.00. He was the last American to win the Boston Marathon until 2014, and the last person born in America to win the Chicago Marathon until 2017. He set ten American road racing records and two world records, and won the River Bank Run, in his home town of Grand Rapids, seven times. Meyer was born in Grand Rapids, MI to parents Rita and Jay. He has one older sibling, Matthew Meyer. He met and married fellow",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "429667",
"chunk_text": "\"New York City Marathon\"\n2012 race was meant to have taken place. As a resolution, all who were registered to run the 2012 race were offered three options: a refund; guaranteed, non-complimentary entry to the New York City Marathon in 2013, 2014, or 2015; or guaranteed, non-complimentary entry to the NYC Half 2013. The 2013 New York City Marathon was run November 3, 2013. The race proved to be the clincher for the 2013 World Marathon Majors titles for both men and women. Duplicating their London Marathon wins from April 2013, Tsegaye Kebede and Priscah Jeptoo each won $500,000 for their season-wide efforts. After",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3653254",
"chunk_text": "\"Tom Fleming (athlete)\"\nFame, and in July 2014, into the National Distance Running Hall of Fame in Utica, New York. In November 2017, Fleming was one of five people inducted by the New York Road Runners into its Hall of Fame. Tom Fleming (athlete) Tom Fleming (Thomas J. Fleming) (July 23, 1951 – April 19, 2017) was an American distance runner who won the 1973 and 1975 New York City Marathon. He was also a two time runner-up in the Boston Marathon in 1973 and 1974 and finished six times in the top ten in the BAA marathon. Fleming was the winner of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11528225",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 New York City Marathon\"\nConsultancy Services was the title sponsor. In addition, the one-millionth finisher of the New York City Marathon (since the marathon was first held in 1970), Katherine Slingluff of Brooklyn, completed her race with a time of 4:43:36. 2014 New York City Marathon The 44th New York City Marathon took place on November 2, 2014. It was won by Wilson Kipsang of Kenya with a time of 2:10:59 and Mary Keitany of Kenya with a time of 2:25:07. It was the largest marathon ever, with a record number of 50869 starters and 50564 finishers, and an average finish time of 4:34:45.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5334447",
"chunk_text": "\"Tatyana McFadden\"\nSochi, McFadden returned to wheelchair racing at the London Marathon, where she successfully defended her title in a new course record time. In 2015 McFadden won the NYC marathon, and broke its women's course record by seven minutes and 20 seconds (her time was 1 hour, 43 minutes and four seconds). On October 8, 2017 McFadden won the Bank of America Chicago Marathon. On April 16, 2018, McFadden won the 122nd Boston Marathon. McFadden had difficulty competing at high school. Atholton High School would not allow her to race at the same time as able-bodied runners, with officials saying her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12669845",
"chunk_text": "\"Yonkers Marathon\"\nMarathon qualifier. The race has seen an uptick in participants recently, averaging roughly 200 finishers during the 2010s, double the number from the prior decade. The first Yonkers Marathon was held on Thanksgiving Day 1907. From 1907 to 1945, the race was typically held in November. Johnny Hayes and Jim Crowley won the first two races. Sammy Mellor helped establish the Yonkers Marathon with Edward Wetmore Kinsley, and finished second in the event's first two runnings. Yonkers Marathon The Yonkers Marathon, held in Yonkers, New York, is the second oldest marathon in the United States, after the Boston Marathon. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18722067",
"chunk_text": "\"Alberto Salazar\"\nat least three years of investigation, USADA did not uncover enough evidence to make a case that any violations had occurred, while previous accusations were refuted by Salazar in public releases. <br> Alberto Salazar Alberto Salazar (born August 7, 1958) is an American track coach and former world-class long-distance runner. Born in Cuba, Salazar immigrated to the United States as a child with his family. They moved to Manchester, Connecticut and then to Wayland, Massachusetts, where Salazar competed in track and field in high school. Salazar is best known for his performances in the New York City Marathon in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20965987",
"chunk_text": "\"Ibrahim Hussein (runner)\"\nin 2002.) Hussein is a graduate of St. Patrick's High School (Iten, Kenya). And the University of New Mexico (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA). Ibrahim Hussein (runner) Ibrahim Kipkemboi Hussein (born June 1958 in Kapsabet, Rift Valley) is a retired long-distance runner from Kenya, who was a three-time winner of the Boston Marathon in 1988, 1991, and 1992. He was also the winner of the New York City Marathon in 1987, and multiple other marathons in his years. He and his wife Zainab Ibrahim are both alumni at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, NM. Ibrahim Hussein is among many",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5107954",
"chunk_text": "\"Desiree Linden\"\nDesiree Linden Desiree \"\"Desi\"\" \"\"Des\"\" Nicole Linden (née Davila; born July 26, 1983) is an American long-distance runner. She represented the United States in the 2012 London Olympics and the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics women's marathon. In 2018, she won the Boston Marathon, becoming the first American in 33 years to win the woman's category in the event. Desiree Linden was born in San Diego, California. In high school Linden ran track and cross country, and played soccer. She ran a sub-5 minute mile as a high school freshman and graduated from Hilltop High School in 2001. At the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2363045",
"chunk_text": "\"Adirondack Marathon\"\nending at the Town Beach on Leland Avenue. The Adirondack Marathon was first held in 1997. The men's winner was James Garrett in a time of 2:37:21; the women's winner was Simone Stoeppler with a time of 3:04:08 (still a course record). Peter Heimgartner has won the race six times ('98-'00,'02,'04,'06) while the women's race has seen Virginia Rebeuh win a pair of races ('98,'05). The men's course record was set in 2007 by David Herr in a time of 2:36:55. The handcycle race began in 2000, and the course record was set in 2003 by Chris Klebl in a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_985
|
what is the name of the weapon the grim reaper carries?
|
n/a
|
[
"scythe"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10184265",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Reaper (comics)\"\nreceived from Black Talon or powers bestowed upon him by Lloigoroth. The Grim Reaper has also performed various magically-based feats including but not limited to: teleporting himself and others, summoning demons, creating illusions, and clairvoyant viewing. The Reaper's physical strength is supernaturally heightened slightly beyond the natural limitations of the human body. In addition, his right hand has been amputated and replaced with an apparently magical scythe. The scythe is magically sharp and is capable of energy blasts (much like the original), but has also been used to drain energy. At one point, the Grim Reaper had died, and was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10184264",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Reaper (comics)\"\nby the Tinkerer. The scythe was worn on his right hand and had the ability to make the blade spin at rapid speed, making the weapon usable as a high-speed propeller blade buzzsaw, missile shield, and an improvised helicopter. It could also fire electromagnetic power blasts and anaesthetic gas pellets, and dispense electric stun shocks on touch. The scythe was also equipped with a cerebral-frequency generator able to induce deep comas and revive victims from them as well. The Grim Reaper later gained some magic-related abilities: he could reanimate the souls and bodies of the dead, either through voodoo training",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "637229",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Reapers Motorcycle Club (USA)\"\nsymbolic personification of death, the Grim Reaper. The club's name is emblazoned on the top rocker of the three-piece patch. The center patch features the Grim Reaper in red holding his scythe, and is referred to as \"\"the Ghost.\"\" The territory from which the chapter operates appears on the bottom rocker. An \"\"MC\"\" patch appears to the right of the Ghost, when facing the cut. The cut also features a triangular front patch depicting a scythe over the club's initials, with one letter of the MC's motto, \"\"FTW,\"\" in each corner of the triangle. The Grim Reapers MC was founded",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10184263",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Reaper (comics)\"\nit is discovered by the neighbor's dog, who is accidentally electrocuted to death upon biting Grim Reaper's scythe. The discovery alerts Vision to the body, and sends him into a short lived rage in which he destroys the family home. Ultimately, Vision decides to keep the death of Grim Reaper secret, to protect his family from the legal consequences and possible backlash from his fellow Avengers. The body is shown to be removed from the backyard. Originally, the Grim Reaper was a purely technological-based villain with no innate superhuman abilities. The techno-scythe he used as his trademark weapon was designed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11362251",
"chunk_text": "Reaper\n\"\"rick-yard\"\" or \"\"stack-yard\"\". The corn-rick is later broken down and the sheaves threshed to separate the grain from the straw. Collecting spilt grain from the field after reaping is called \"\"gleaning\"\", and is traditionally done either by hand, or by penning animals such as chickens or pigs onto the field. Hand reaping is now rarely done in industrialized countries, but is still the normal method where machines are unavailable or where access for them is limited (such as on narrow terraces). The more or less skeletal figure of a reaper with a scythe – known as the \"\"Grim Reaper\"\" –",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15689053",
"chunk_text": "\"Santa Muerte\"\nbeliever named Enriqueta Romero. The two most common objects that Santa Muerte holds in her hands are a globe and a scythe. The scythe can symbolize the cutting of negative energies or influences. As a harvesting tool, a scythe may also symbolize hope and prosperity. Her scythe reflects her origins as the Grim Reaper (\"\"la Parca\"\" of medieval Spain), and can represent the moment of death, when it is said to cut a silver thread. The scythe has a long handle, indicating that it can reach anywhere. The globe represents Death's vast power and dominion over the earth, and may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7105011",
"chunk_text": "Scythe\nthe sickle, the \"\"falx messoria\"\", was used by the ancient Romans. According to ancient Greek mythology, Gaia the Greek goddess and mother of the Titans gave a sickle made out of the strongest metal to her youngest son Kronos, who is also the youngest of the Titans and god of the harvest, to seek vengeance against her husband Ouranos for torturing their oldest sons. To illustrate this, Smith cites an image of Saturn holding a scythe, from an ancient Italian cameo. The Grim Reaper and the Greek Titan Cronus were often depicted carrying or wielding a scythe. According to Jack",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11383285",
"chunk_text": "\"Reaper (DC Comics)\"\nin an underground chamber in a glass tub, while Hugo instructs his doctors on bringing him back to life. When he regains consciousnesses, Black Mask reminds Gruener of his childhood in a concentration camp in hopes to fuel him with anger and revenge. Black Mask hands him a necklace with The Star of David on it that was given to him by his father, and then his scythe, the weapon he chose when first taking up the alias Reaper. Reaper is seen briefly in scenes and it is understood that is murdering people because he wishes to bring justice to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8661359",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Reaper (Nedor Comics)\"\nby Alan Moore in his series \"\"Tom Strong\"\". This revival set the characters on a parallel world called Terra Obscura, which was also the title of the resulting mini-series. This Reaper eventually opposed the goals of the revived Black Terror and was killed, during his own unsuccessful attempt to put an end to the Terror. The Grim Reaper has no superhuman powers; but, in the Golden Age, he used guns and a sword to fight Nazis. When revived by ABC, his sword could project electromagnetic blasts. Grim Reaper (Nedor Comics) The Grim Reaper is a fictional character and a superhero.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12956690",
"chunk_text": "\"Death (personification)\"\nby the name of Pesta, meaning \"\"plague hag\"\". She wore a black hood. She would go into a town carrying either a rake or a broom. If she brought the rake, some people would survive the plague; if she brought the broom, however, everyone would die. Later, Scandinavians adopted the classic Grim Reaper with a scythe and black robe. Lithuanians named Death \"\"Giltinė\"\", deriving from the word \"\"gelti\"\" (\"\"to sting\"\"). Giltinė was viewed as an old, ugly woman with a long blue nose and a deadly poisonous tongue. The legend tells that Giltinė was young, pretty and communicative until she",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8525064",
"chunk_text": "Gungrave\nGrave to stand still during a fight, he will begin to target and shoot every available target on screen without looking. Coffin —Beyond the Grave carries a tremendous (though technically small, as it is not the size to hold a body) metal coffin on his back which contains a variety of weapons that can be only used as special attacks. Grave can also use the coffin to strike nearby enemies, and if timed correctly deflect projectiles fired from a distance, destroying the enemy that fired them. The manner in which Grave carries and uses the coffin bears a strong resemblance",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14100653",
"chunk_text": "\"Terminus Est\"\nas in the section below. Severian describes \"\"Terminus Est\"\" several times as a \"\"paterissa\"\" or cross (the sword has long, straight guards and is carried over the shoulder, tip-downward) and once as an \"\"iron phallus\"\" (an image suggested by the fluid-filled channel inside the blade.) The cross is of course an instrument of torture and death, but in Christianity it symbolizes resurrection. Master Gurloes's iron phallus was also a torture instrument, but phallic images have long been used to symbolize fertility and therefore life. Terminus Est Terminus Est is a sword in the science fiction series \"\"The Book of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6009321",
"chunk_text": "\"Skeleton (undead)\"\nSkeleton (undead) A skeleton is a type of physically manifested undead often found in fantasy, gothic and horror fiction, and mythical art. Most are human skeletons, but they can also be from any creature or race found on Earth or in the fantasy world. Animated human skeletons have been used as a personification of death in Western culture since the Middle Ages, a personification perhaps influenced by the valley of the dry bones in the Book of Ezekiel. The Grim Reaper is often depicted as a hooded skeleton holding a scythe (and occasionally an hourglass), which has been attributed to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9999250",
"chunk_text": "\"Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse\"\nitself explicitly gives a name. Unlike the other three, he is not described carrying a weapon or other object, instead he is followed by Hades (the resting place of the dead). However, illustrations commonly depict him carrying a scythe (like the Grim Reaper), sword, or other implement. The color of Death's horse is written as \"\"khlōros\"\" (χλωρός) in the original Koine Greek, which can mean either green/greenish-yellow or pale/pallid. The color is often translated as \"\"pale\"\", though \"\"ashen\"\", \"\"pale green\"\", and \"\"yellowish green\"\" are other possible interpretations (the Greek word is the root of \"\"chlorophyll\"\" and \"\"chlorine\"\"). Based on uses",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6984654",
"chunk_text": "\"Signature weapon\"\nSignature weapon A signature weapon (or trademark weapon or weapon of choice) is one commonly identified with a certain group or, in the case of literature, comics, and film, where it is a popular \"\"trope,\"\" for both heroes and villains to be associated with and highly proficient in the use of specific weaponry. Examples include Robin Hood's longbow, Don Quixote's jousting lance, a wizard's wand, the Grim Reaper's scythe, the Monkey King's iron rod, a Jedi's lightsaber, William Tell's crossbow, Negan's bat, David's sling and James Bond's Walther PPK. The Colt .45 SAA and Winchester are ubiquitous in Westerns. Signature",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10184266",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Reaper (comics)\"\nrestored to life by Nekra as a zombie. He suffered hair loss, and had sallow skin in various stages of decomposition. In this zombie state, he had the ability to absorb human life-forces to sustain his own, and was able to absorb human life-force through his scythe. He needed to absorb a human life-force once every 24 hours to remain \"\"alive\"\" as a zombie. Grim Reaper (comics) Grim Reaper (Eric Williams) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is also the brother of Wonder Man. The Grim Reaper first appeared in",
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"chunk_id": "4054069",
"chunk_text": "\"Grabbed by the Ghoulies\"\na challenge or takes longer than a set time limit to complete one, the Grim Reaper chases after the player-character; the Reaper will rip out Cooper's soul if the character does not leave the room in time. Standard enemies in the game include zombies, mummies, imps, skeletons and zombie pirates. There are also various bosses that must be defeated in order to advance. Many objects in the game with which the character can interact—including chairs, knives, and axes—can be used as weapons. The game also features various Bonus Challenges. When Cooper collects five Rare books (there are 100 Rare books",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11383296",
"chunk_text": "\"Reaper (DC Comics)\"\nred glowing eyes. The Reaper also wields two scythe-shaped weapons, with various other lethal implements contained in the spiked shafts of both weapons. The haft contains a very powerful handgun and smoke pellets to help give to the illusion that the Reaper is in fact an incarnation of death. The scythes are stored in two inverted sheaths located on his back, under his cloak. Reaper (DC Comics) Reaper is the name of three characters in the DC Comics universe. The Pre-Crisis Reaper debuted in \"\"Batman\"\" #237 (Dec. 1971) and was created by Denny O'Neil. Created by writer Mike W. Barr,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
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"chunk_id": "2732166",
"chunk_text": "\"Death (personification)\"\nDeath (personification) Death, due to its prominent place in human culture, is frequently imagined as a personified force, also known as the Grim Reaper. In some mythologies, the Grim Reaper causes the victim's death by coming to collect them. In turn, people in some stories try to hold on to life by avoiding Death's visit, or by fending Death off with bribery or tricks. Other beliefs hold that the Spectre of Death is only a psychopomp, serving to sever the last ties between the soul and the body, and to guide the deceased to the afterlife, without having any control",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "6096558",
"chunk_text": "\"The Reaper (sculpture)\"\nof MaltEurop. The Reaper (sculpture) The Reaper is a public art work by artist Gustav Bohland, located on the south side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The bronze sculpture depicts an agricultural worker dressed in overalls and a wide-brimmed hat. One hand rests against his hip, and the other hand grasps the snath of a scythe that rests across his shoulders. The tool's toe and cline hang behind the figure's back. His boots rest on a small round base mounted on a circular flagstone pedestal. The artwork is located at the former corporate headquarters of Froedtert Malting Company which is now the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "16411624",
"chunk_text": "\"Misericorde (weapon)\"\nMisericorde (weapon) A misericorde ( or ) (from French word \"\"miséricorde\"\", \"\"mercy\"\") was a long, narrow knife, used from the High Middle Ages to deliver the death stroke (the mercy stroke, hence the name of the blade, derived from the Latin \"\"misericordia\"\", \"\"act of mercy\"\") to a seriously wounded knight. The blade was thin enough to strike through the gaps between armour plates. This weapon was used to dispatch knights who had received mortal wounds, which were not always quickly fatal in the age of bladed combat; it could also be used as a means of killing an active adversary,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "4848756",
"chunk_text": "Reaper\nReaper A reaper is a farm implement or person that reaps (cuts and often also gathers) crops at harvest when they are ripe. Usually the crop involved is a cereal grass. The first documented reaping machines were Gallic reaper that was used in modern-day France during Roman times. The Gallic reaper involved a comb which collected the heads, with an operator knocking the grain into a box for later threshing. Most modern mechanical reapers cut the grass; most also gather it, either by windrowing it or picking it up. Modern machines that not only cut and gather the grass but",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "8438850",
"chunk_text": "\"Time Killers\"\nmantis in appearance. She is the queen (as is implied in her background story) of a race of unknown origin. Having overwhelmed an entire area and spreading quickly, these creatures wanted nothing but to cause death and destruction to humankind; after a fearsome war and the disappearance of their queen, both races managed to coexist peacefully. She fights with her razor claws. Death – The final boss of the game and the one responsible for the entire tournament and taking each of the fighters from their periods. Being the grim reaper, he carries a scythe. The player can only win",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "16371752",
"chunk_text": "\"Saint of Killers\"\nhatred appears to be his greatest power. His hatred was cold enough to temporarily extinguish the fires of Hell and has been the driving force of his existence ever since. The Saint of Killers possesses a pair of Walker Colt revolver pistols, which were bequeathed to him by the Angel of Death, composed from the previous Angel's steel sword and forged in the last fire that burned in Hell, because of the nature of their making, the guns are demonic in nature: Before becoming the Saint of Killers, his arsenal included a Henry repeating rifle a Model 1860 Light Cavalry",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "9091087",
"chunk_text": "\"The Reaper (sculpture)\"\nThe Reaper (sculpture) The Reaper is a public art work by artist Gustav Bohland, located on the south side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The bronze sculpture depicts an agricultural worker dressed in overalls and a wide-brimmed hat. One hand rests against his hip, and the other hand grasps the snath of a scythe that rests across his shoulders. The tool's toe and cline hang behind the figure's back. His boots rest on a small round base mounted on a circular flagstone pedestal. The artwork is located at the former corporate headquarters of Froedtert Malting Company which is now the US headquarters",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16158694",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Hunter\"\nshort distances at 65 mph), agility and durability, and possibly longevity. He could perform a standing broad jump of . Vladimir wore armor protecting his arms and torso, while typically carrying his ancestral knife, electro-shock gauntlets, wrist mounted dart launchers, an energy-projecting spear and spiked cleats. He was skilled in using other weapons including a rifle, pistol, shuriken, tonfa, and blowgun. Following his resurrection at the hands of the other members of the Kravinoff family, Vladimir gained the appearance of a gigantic humanoid lion creature. In his new form, he has superhuman strength and durability, and carries around a heavy",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
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"chunk_id": "5702892",
"chunk_text": "\"Slayer (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)\"\nit a rule that no Slayer in her group uses them. On the other hand, the rogue Slayer Simone Doffler and her criminal gang are enamoured of guns. The Scythe is a weapon resembling a metal lochaber axe with a wooden stake and a flanged mace head built into the handle. Due to its design, the Scythe can be used as an axe, sword or spear, depending on the fighting style of its wielder. The Scythe exhibits some mystical properties. A Slayer who picks it up recognizes it as a source of power, and has an instinctive sense of ownership",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
},
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"chunk_id": "16860017",
"chunk_text": "Falchion\nin the Wallace Collection, engraved with the personal coat of arms of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Falchion A falchion (; Old French: \"\"fauchon\"\"; Latin: \"\"falx\"\", \"\"sickle\"\") is a one-handed, single-edged sword of European origin, whose design is reminiscent of the Chinese \"\"dadao\"\", and modern machete. Falchions are found in different forms from around the 13th century up to and including the 16th century. In some versions the falchion looks rather like the seax and later the sabre, and in other versions the form is irregular or like a machete with a crossguard. The blade designs of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
},
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"chunk_id": "4173509",
"chunk_text": "\"Death and the Mother\"\nDeath and the Mother Death and the Mother (Danish: Døden og moderen) is a sculpture created by the Danish sculptor Niels Hansen Jacobsen. Inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's tale \"\"The Story of a Mother\"\", it depicts a Grim Reaper figure, in a dynamic pose, carrying a scythe, striding over a mother with a dead child crouching on the ground. The original plaster model is in the holdings of the Danish National Gallery while two bronze castings are located outside St. Peter's Church in Copenhagen and Vejen Art Museum. Hansen Jacobsen created the original plaster model in 1892, shortly after he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
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"chunk_id": "10061164",
"chunk_text": "Harpe\nHarpe The harpē () was a type of sword or sickle; a sword with a sickle protrusion along one edge near the tip of the blade. The harpe is mentioned in Greek and Roman sources, and almost always in mythological contexts. The harpe sword is most notably identified as the weapon used by Cronus to castrate and depose his father, Uranus. Alternately, that weapon is identified as a more traditional sickle or scythe. The harpe, scythe or sickle was either a flint or adamantine (diamond) blade, and was provided to Cronus by his mother, Gaia. According to an ancient myth",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
},
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"chunk_id": "10390279",
"chunk_text": "Nerull\nNerull In the \"\"World of Greyhawk\"\" campaign setting for the \"\"Dungeons & Dragons\"\" roleplaying game, as well as in the game's default pantheon of deities, Nerull is the Flan god of death, darkness, murder, and the underworld. He is known as the Reaper, the Foe of All Good, the Hater of Life, and the Bringer of Darkness. His symbol is a skull and scythe. Nerull was first detailed for the Dungeons & Dragons game in \"\"The Deities and Demigods of the World of Greyhawk\"\" by Gary Gygax in \"\"Dragon\"\" #71 (1983). Nerull was subsequently detailed in the \"\"World of Greyhawk",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
},
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"chunk_id": "17497607",
"chunk_text": "\"Church grim\"\nGrim swam across the river then whistled for Grim to follow, who went over the bridge and became the Devil's sacrifice. The bridge then became known as Kilgrim Bridge and was later renamed Kilgram Bridge which today crosses the River Ure in North Yorkshire. The Scandinavian church grim is also known as the (Swedish) and Kirkegrim (Danish) and likewise defined as the protective revenant of an animal buried alive in the church foundation. It dwells in the churchtower or some other place of concealment, or wanders the grounds at night, and is tasked with protecting the sacred building. It keeps",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "10184257",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Reaper (comics)\"\nand the Mandrill, and escaped again. The scythe was fused to his arm by Ultron, and he formed an alliance with Ultron. The Grim Reaper was later restored to life by the Scarlet Witch's magic. When Ultron attempted to create a new \"\"family\"\" for himself, Grim Reaper was abducted as one of the six individuals that came closest to being Ultron's \"\"family\"\" - the others being Hank Pym, Wasp, Vision, Scarlet Witch, and Wonder Man. Ultron regarded Grim Reaper as the first human connection made apart from Pym, as well as the connections to Wonder Man and Vision. While Vision",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
},
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"chunk_id": "10184252",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Reaper (comics)\"\nIron Man and the Avengers to which Eric's brother was transformed into Wonder Man. Learning of his brother's death, Eric was inflamed with guilt and anger. Through his Maggia contacts, he contacted the Tinkerer to provide him with his scythe weapon, which was further enhanced by Ultron with coma-inducing abilities. Taking the \"\"Grim Reaper\"\" name, he became a professional criminal and defeated Hawkeye, Goliath and the Wasp, placing the three Avengers in comas, but was beaten by the Black Panther's surprise appearance. In his next appearance, the Grim Reaper confronted the Avengers with his original Lethal Legion composed of the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "11383295",
"chunk_text": "\"Reaper (DC Comics)\"\nspares Chill's life. After the police arrive and Chill is taken away in an ambulance, Batman goes to a bridge and discards Joe Chill's firearm into the ocean. As the Reaper, Caspian wears a large hooded black cloak with heavily armored red leather or cuir bouilli, which prevents bullets and punches from affecting him in any way. The knees and elbows of the red leather armor are tipped with spikes that add more power to blows Caspian inflicts. Caspian also wears a skull shaped mask with hooks on the mouth to cover up the lower part of the face, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
},
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"chunk_id": "5213888",
"chunk_text": "\"Symbols of death\"\nSymbols of death Symbols of death are the symbolic, often allegorical, portrayal of death in various cultures. For allegorical figures that portray death, see Death (personification). Various images are used traditionally to symbolize death; these rank from blunt depictions of cadavers and their parts to more allusive suggestions that time is fleeting and all men are mortals. The human skull is an obvious and frequent symbol of death, found in many cultures and religious traditions. Human skeletons and sometimes non-human animal skeletons and skulls can also be used as blunt images of death; the traditional figures of the Grim Reaper",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
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"chunk_id": "16860011",
"chunk_text": "Falchion\nFalchion A falchion (; Old French: \"\"fauchon\"\"; Latin: \"\"falx\"\", \"\"sickle\"\") is a one-handed, single-edged sword of European origin, whose design is reminiscent of the Chinese \"\"dadao\"\", and modern machete. Falchions are found in different forms from around the 13th century up to and including the 16th century. In some versions the falchion looks rather like the seax and later the sabre, and in other versions the form is irregular or like a machete with a crossguard. The blade designs of falchions varied widely across the continent and through the ages. They almost always included a single edge with a slight",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
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"chunk_text": "\"San La Muerte\"\nby sculptures. Individual sculptures are addressed as San La Muerte (Because of the small size, such a statuette may be colloquially referred to as \"\"Santito\"\", or'Small Saint'.) The representation of San La Muerte varies according to the individual sculptor that has crafted him, however, the classic image is a human skeleton, standing, with simple, minimalistic features. The skeleton usually carries a scythe, in some cases with drops of blood on the edge. The same image can be dressed mostly in black and red cloths. Other representations include standing skeletons without a scythe, sitting skeletons and skeletons in a coffin. San",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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"chunk_id": "17344444",
"chunk_text": "\"Death and culture\"\npopular culture since the earliest days of storytelling. Because the reality of death has had a substantial influence on the human psyche and the development of civilization as a whole, the personification of Death as a living, sentient entity is a concept that has existed in many societies since before the beginning of recorded history. In western culture, death has long been shown as a skeletal figure carrying a large scythe, and sometimes wearing a midnight black gown with a hood. This image was widely illustrated during the Middle Ages. Examples of death personified are: In mainland China and Taiwan,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "6984656",
"chunk_text": "\"Signature weapon\"\nduring the Mexican Expedition), the Nazi SS Luger, the Roman pilum, a knight-errant's battlefield regalia, the Thuggee garrote, and Prohibition-era gangster \"\"Machine Gun Kelly\"\", who cultivated his reputation for employing a Thompson automatic. Characters with signature weapons are also found in the various epic poems, such as Zeus's Thunderbolt, Poseidon's trident, Thor's Hammer and Prince Arjuna's Celestial Bow. Signature weapon A signature weapon (or trademark weapon or weapon of choice) is one commonly identified with a certain group or, in the case of literature, comics, and film, where it is a popular \"\"trope,\"\" for both heroes and villains to be",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
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"chunk_id": "6009323",
"chunk_text": "\"Skeleton (undead)\"\nare rolling skulls with eyeballs who menace Taira no Kiyomori in Japanese folklore. Skeleton (undead) A skeleton is a type of physically manifested undead often found in fantasy, gothic and horror fiction, and mythical art. Most are human skeletons, but they can also be from any creature or race found on Earth or in the fantasy world. Animated human skeletons have been used as a personification of death in Western culture since the Middle Ages, a personification perhaps influenced by the valley of the dry bones in the Book of Ezekiel. The Grim Reaper is often depicted as a hooded",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_id": "16164656",
"chunk_text": "\"Clay Morrow\"\nantagonists. He has a number of tattoos, most notably a Grim Reaper on his upper right arm and a Paratrooper tattoo on his upper left, along with the words \"\"Death From Above\"\" indicating that he served as a paratrooper in a military unit. On his kutte, he wears patches reading \"\"President\"\", \"\"First 9\"\", \"\"Men of Mayhem\"\" and \"\"Unholy Ones\"\". He also wears a golden pin of the same symbol on his kutte. This symbol is often confused with the US Army Parachutist badge. The Paratrooper symbol that Clay wears is an unofficial symbol, and would serve to indicate service, particularly",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10184249",
"chunk_text": "\"Grim Reaper (comics)\"\nGrim Reaper (comics) Grim Reaper (Eric Williams) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is also the brother of Wonder Man. The Grim Reaper first appeared in \"\"The Avengers\"\" #52 May (1968), by Roy Thomas and John Buscema. He has been killed many times, depicted in \"\"Web of Spider-Man\"\" #46, \"\"Dark Reign: Lethal Legion\"\" #2, \"\"Chaos War: Avengers\"\" #3, and \"\"Uncanny Avengers\"\" #5 and #21, and \"\"Vision\"\" Vol. 3, #1. Eric Williams was born in Paterson, New Jersey and Simon Williams's brother. Eric was the black sheep of his family. His",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
},
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"chunk_id": "11133467",
"chunk_text": "Hearse\nHearse A hearse is a vehicle used to carry the dead in a coffin/casket. They range from deliberately anonymous vehicles to very formal heavily decorated vehicles. In the funeral trade of some countries hearses are called funeral coaches. The name is derived, through the French herse, from the Latin herpex, which means a harrow. The funeral hearse was originally a wooden or metal framework, which stood over the bier or coffin and supported the pall. It was provided with numerous spikes to hold burning candles, and, owing to the resemblance of these spikes to the teeth of a harrow, was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
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"chunk_id": "2222250",
"chunk_text": "EXEcutional\nopponent's weapon with the chopsticks. Tomato is bald, and wears two pairs of glasses: one on his eyes and one on his forehead. He is sadistic, and likes to kill people in the game; he enjoys seeing his opponent's blood and hearing them scream. His weapon, Chainsaw Massacre, is a three-bladed chainsaw. When Tomato takes off his glasses, he becomes more powerful. His death-blow is a power wave with gravity force; opponents cannot evade it unless they have a high-speed move or warp skill. Lemon is an old man with glasses. He is a skilled inventor in the GM group",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "7104997",
"chunk_text": "Scythe\nconsists of a shaft about long called a \"\"snaith\"\", \"\"snath\"\", \"\"snathe\"\" or \"\"sned\"\", traditionally made of wood but now sometimes metal. Simple snaiths are straight with offset handles, others have an \"\"S\"\" curve or are steam bent in three dimensions to place the handles in an ergonomic configuration but close to shaft. The snaith has either one or two short handles at right angles to it, usually one near the upper end and always another roughly in the middle. The handles are usually adjustable to suit the user. A curved, steel blade between long is mounted at the lower end",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 45
},
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"chunk_id": "6402408",
"chunk_text": "Glaive\nGlaive A glaive (or glave) is a European polearm, consisting of a single-edged blade on the end of a pole. It is similar to the Japanese naginata, the Chinese guandao and pudao, Russian sovnya and Siberian . Typically, the blade is around long, on the end of a pole long, and the blade is affixed in a socket-shaft configuration similar to an axe head, rather than having a tang like a sword or naginata. Occasionally, glaive blades were created with a small hook on the reverse side to better catch riders. Such blades are called glaive-guisarmes. According to the 1599",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
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"chunk_id": "19900538",
"chunk_text": "\"United States Air Force Academy Cadet Wing\"\nFour. The squadron patch was approved in 1972 and features a turquoise circle bordered in black. \"\"Grim Reaper\"\" holds the gold \"\"XXXI\"\" by a chain in his right hand and a scythe in his left. The eponymous mythical character represented on the patch is borrowed from the insignia of the 13th Bomb Squadron and is emblematic of the reality of death in war, with which all aspiring warriors must come to terms. The patch has been challenged multiple times in the history of the squadron but has always survived due to its strong lineage and the support of the Cadet",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
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"chunk_id": "3960785",
"chunk_text": "\"The Reaper's Image\"\nThe Reaper's Image \"\"The Reaper's Image\"\" is a horror story by American writer Stephen King, first published in \"\"Startling Mystery Stories\"\" in 1969 and collected in \"\"Skeleton Crew\"\" in 1985. The story is about an antique mirror haunted by the visage of the Grim Reaper, who appears to those who gaze into it. The story concerns a visit by an antique collector, Johnson Spangler, to the Samuel Claggert Museum in his attempt to buy the legendary Delver's Mirror. The museum curator, Mr. Carlin, ushers Spangler through the building, recounting the history of this rare Elizabethan mirror, which has been plagued",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7104996",
"chunk_text": "Scythe\nScythe A scythe (, ) is an agricultural hand tool for mowing grass or reaping crops. It has largely been replaced by horse-drawn and then tractor machinery, but is still used in some areas of Europe and Asia. The word \"\"scythe\"\" derives from Old English \"\"siðe\"\". In Middle English and after it was usually spelt \"\"sithe\"\" or \"\"sythe\"\". However, in the 15th century some writers began to use the \"\"sc-\"\" spelling as they thought (wrongly) the word was related to the Latin \"\"scindere\"\" (meaning \"\"to cut\"\"). Nevertheless, the \"\"sithe\"\" spelling lingered and notably appears in Noah Webster's dictionaries. A scythe",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_986
|
who was the top scorer in 2014 world cup?
|
n/a
|
[
"James Rodríguez"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2424170",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup statistics\"\n2014 FIFA World Cup statistics The following article outlines the statistics for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July. Goals scored from penalty shoot-outs are not counted, and matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. James Rodríguez was awarded the Golden Boot for scoring six goals, the first time that a Colombian player received the award. Source: FIFA Juan Cuadrado and Toni Kroos topped the assists table with four assists during the tournament. The winner of the Golden Glove was Manuel Neuer. In order of achieving the tally. Bold",
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"chunk_id": "11845480",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup\"\nToni Kroos ranked as the overall leader. Lionel Messi, the Golden Ball recipient, finished fifth among forwards and was thus not included in the team. The total prize money on offer for the tournament was confirmed by FIFA as US$576 million (including payments of $70 million to domestic clubs and $100 million as player insurances), a 37 percent increase from the amount allocated in the 2010 tournament. Before the tournament, each of the 32 entrants received $1.5 million for preparation costs. At the tournament, the prize money was distributed as follows: Per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
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"chunk_id": "15654946",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup\"\n1986 and 1990. This marked the first time that teams from the same continent had won three consecutive World Cups (following Italy in 2006 and Spain in 2010). It was also the first time that a European nation had won the World Cup in the Americas. On aggregate Europe then had 11 victories, compared to South America's 9 victories. In total, 171 goals were scored by a record 121 players, with five credited as own goals. Goals scored from penalty shoot-outs are not counted. The most notable disciplinary case was that of Uruguayan striker Luis Suárez, who was suspended for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Final\"\nand 2010 respectively, the first time this has happened in World Cup history. It was also the first time that three consecutive World Cup finals were still tied after 90 minutes. The final marked the first time a World Cup hosted in the Americas was not won by a team from the continent. In the winning German team, Miroslav Klose, who had become the top scorer in World Cup history in the semi-final victory over Brazil, became one of the very few players ever to have won gold, silver and bronze medals in the World Cup (bronze in 2006 and",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group G\"\ntook his World Cup total to 15, equalling the record mark held by Brazil's Ronaldo. He also joined Pelé and Uwe Seeler as the only players to have scored in four World Cups. Gyan became the joint top African scorer in the World Cup (tied with Cameroon's Roger Milla) with five goals, and also the first African player to score in three World Cups. Just as in the 2010 meeting, Jérôme Boateng (Germany) and Kevin-Prince Boateng (Ghana) faced each other, the second time two brothers faced each other in a World Cup game. In the 52nd minute, a man with",
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"chunk_text": "\"FIFA World Cup top goalscorers\"\nthe 1930 tournament. The first was Hungary's Sándor Kocsis with eleven in 1954. At the next tournament, France's Just Fontaine improved on this record with 13 goals in only six games. Gerd Müller scored 10 for West Germany in 1970 and broke the overall record when he scored his 14th goal at the World Cup during West Germany's win at the 1974 final. His record stood for more than three decades until Ronaldo's 15 goals between 1998 and 2006 for Brazil. Germany's Miroslav Klose went on to score a record 16 goals across four consecutive tournaments between 2002 and 2014.",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup statistics\"\nnumbers indicate the maximum values in each column. The Netherlands was the only team that used all 23 players during the tournament, making it the first team in World Cup history to ever use all of its squad players. 2014 FIFA World Cup statistics The following article outlines the statistics for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July. Goals scored from penalty shoot-outs are not counted, and matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws. James Rodríguez was awarded the Golden Boot for scoring six goals, the first time that",
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"chunk_text": "\"FIFA World Cup\"\n(2002–2014) is the all-time top scorer at the finals, with 16 goals. He broke Ronaldo of Brazil's record of 15 goals (1998–2006) during the 2014 semi-final match against Brazil. West Germany's Gerd Müller (1970–1974) is third, with 14 goals. The fourth placed goalscorer, France's Just Fontaine, holds the record for the most goals scored in a single World Cup; all his 13 goals were scored in the 1958 tournament. In November 2007, FIFA announced that all members of World Cup-winning squads between 1930 and 1974 were to be retroactively awarded winners' medals. This made Brazil's Pelé the only player to",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nvictory in a World Cup semi-final (three previous semi-finals ended in 6–1 scorelines). Klose's goal was his 16th overall throughout his World Cup appearances, allowing him to beat Ronaldo for the record of all-time top scorer in World Cup finals tournaments. Germany's seven goals took their total tally in World Cup history to 223, surpassing Brazil's 221 goals to first place overall. <section begin=k1 /><section end=k1 /> The two teams had met in eight previous matches, including four times in the FIFA World Cup: Netherlands won 4–0 in the second group stage of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and 2–1",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group E\"\nfor Benzema to score, then Benzema setting up Moussa Sissoko. While the referee was blowing the final whistle, Karim Benzema scored a sixth goal at the end of the match, causing some confusion for a short while about the final score. Switzerland scored two late consolation goals, from a long-range free kick by substitute Blerim Džemaili, and a volley by Granit Xhaka after a pass by Gökhan Inler. Giroud's goal was France's 100th goal in the World Cup, joining four other countries to have achieved this feat (Brazil, Germany, Italy and Argentina). <section begin=e3 /><section end=e3 /> The two teams",
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"chunk_text": "\"Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup)\"\nand Müller combined to set up Miroslav Klose, who scored on the rebound after his initial shot was saved by goalkeeper Júlio César. It was Klose's 16th goal at a World Cup, passing the Brazilian Ronaldo as the all-time World Cup top scorer. Klose's goal initiated a flurry of German scoring as Brazil lost control of the game. In the 24th minute, Kroos scored with a left-footed strike from the edge of the area after Lahm's cross was deflected. Then, in the 26th minute, just a few seconds after Brazil kicked off, Kroos caught Fernandinho in possession in his own",
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"chunk_text": "\"Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup)\"\nfor the most goals scored at the World Cup with 16, overtaking Brazil's Ronaldo's total of 15; Ronaldo was in attendance at the match as a commentator. Thomas Müller's goal was Germany's 2,000th in the history of their national team. Müller became the third player in history to score five or more goals in two different World Cups (after Klose and the Peruvian Teófilo Cubillas) and the second player to score five or more goals in consecutive World Cups (after Klose). Toni Kroos' first-half double scored in 69 seconds was the fastest pair of goals scored in World Cup history",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup\"\nThe Netherlands reached the semi-finals for the second consecutive tournament, after overcoming Costa Rica in a penalty shoot-out following a 0–0 draw at the end of extra time. Germany qualified for the final for the eighth time with a historic 7–1 win over Brazil – the biggest defeat in Brazilian football since 1920. Miroslav Klose's goal in this match was his 16th throughout all World Cups, breaking the record he had previously shared with Ronaldo. Klose set another record by becoming the first player to appear in four World Cup semi-finals. Argentina reached their first final since 1990, and the",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Final\"\n2010, silver in 2002 and gold in 2014), joining a club with earlier German players like Franz Beckenbauer, Sepp Maier and Wolfgang Overath (1966–1974), as well as Italian Franco Baresi (1982–1994). According to FIFA, 1.013 billion individuals globally watched the final match of this tournament. The two teams had met in 20 previous matches, with nine wins for Argentina, six wins for Germany and five draws. In these games, both teams had scored a total of 28 goals. Six of these matches were at a World Cup, two of them in the final. The 2014 final was the seventh World",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup\"\nto beat Croatia 3-1. The group stage of the cup took place in Brazil from 12 June 2014 to 26 June 2014: each team played three games. The group stage was notable for a scarcity of draws and a large number of goals. The first drawn (and goalless) match did not occur until the 13th match of the tournament, between Iran and Nigeria: a drought longer than any World Cup since 1930. The group stage produced a total of 136 goals (an average of 2.83 goals per match), nine fewer than were scored during the entire 2010 tournament. This is",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group B\"\ntheir respective goals, Cahill became the first Australian player to score in three World Cups, while Beausejour became the first Chilean player to score in two World Cups. <section begin=b2 /><section end=b2 /> The two teams had met in three previous matches, all in friendlies, most recently in 2009. The Netherlands took the lead after Arjen Robben collected a Daley Blind headed pass at the halfway line, burst into the penalty area and scored with a low shot to the goalkeepers left. Soon after the restart, Australia equalised through Tim Cahill's left-foot volley into the goal from the underside of",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nstealing the ball from Fernandinho and playing a quick one-two with Sami Khedira. Khedira then scored Germany's fourth goal in six minutes, after exchanging passes with Mesut Özil, to give Germany a 5–0 halftime lead. Substitute André Schürrle added two more goals in the second half, first slotting in from Lahm's cross, then scoring via the crossbar after a cut-back from Müller. Brazil scored a consolation goal in the 90th minute, as Oscar received a pass from Marcelo, dribbled inside and scored. Germany reached their eighth World Cup final, a record by any nation, where they would face Argentina, while",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Final\"\nbest player (Lionel Messi) versus the world's best team (Germany). Before the match, Germany had reached the World Cup final seven times (six times as West Germany from 1954 to 1990), winning three (1954, 1974, 1990) and being runners-up four times (1966, 1982, 1986, 2002); Argentina had reached four finals, winning twice (1978, 1986) and placing second twice (1930, 1990). The result marked Germany's fourth World Cup title and their first World championship as a unified nation. The victory meant that three consecutive World Cups have been won by teams from the same continent, following Italy and Spain in 2006",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nthe youngest player to score a goal in the 2014 FIFA World Cup. <section begin=i8 /><section end=i8 /> The two teams had met in 25 previous matches, including three times in the FIFA World Cup (1958, third place match: France 6–3 West Germany; 1982 semi-finals: France 3–3 (aet) West Germany, West Germany won 5–4 on penalties; 1986, semi-finals: France 0–2 West Germany). The only goal came in the 13th minute when Mats Hummels got ahead of his marker Raphaël Varane to head Germany into the lead from ten yards out after a free-kick from Toni Kroos on the left. Karim",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Final\"\nsaw fewer chances with the closest coming from a Toni Kroos shot that went wide in the 81st minute. In the 88th minute, Germany’s all-time leading scorer Miroslav Klose was substituted for Mario Götze. This would be Klose’s final appearance for Germany. Early in the first half of extra time André Schürrle received a pass in front of goal from Götze, but his close-range shot was stopped by Romero. Minutes later, Rodrigo Palacio's lob over Manuel Neuer went just wide after the forward jumped on a mistake by Mats Hummels in the German penalty area. In the second half of",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nto him, and also had a goal disallowed for offside. Later, Jérôme Boateng cleared off the line after a Lionel Messi run, and Benedikt Höwedes's header hit the post. In the second half, Argentina's best chance fell to Messi, whose shot went just wide, while Toni Kroos also had a chance for Germany but could not convert. For the third World Cup final in a row, the match went to extra time. In the first half, Schürrle had a shot saved by Sergio Romero, while Rodrigo Palacio's lobbed shot was also unsuccessful. Germany scored the only goal in the second",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\narea. Georginio Wijnaldum completed the scoring in second half injury time as he shot home from substitute Daryl Janmaat's cross from the right. The Netherlands finished third for the first time in their World Cup history. With Michel Vorm's participation (who was substituted into the match in second half injury time), the Netherlands became the first team to use all of their 23 players in a World Cup since the finals squads were expanded from 22 to 23 players in 2002. Brazil, who finished fourth for the second time in World Cup history, conceded a total of 14 goals in",
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"chunk_text": "\"Tim Cahill\"\nonly goal in their opening group match against Chile on 13 June 2014. He joined Portuguese star Cristiano Ronaldo, Mexican defender Rafael Márquez, Dutch players Robin van Persie and Arjen Robben, German player Miroslav Klose, and American Clint Dempsey as the only players to score at the 2006, 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups. On 18 June, Cahill scored Australia's first goal against the Netherlands in their 3–2 defeat; a strike which has been considered by some experts as one of the best goals ever scored in a World Cup. Cahill volleyed the ball past Jasper Cillessen. Tim Cahill was",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group B\"\nto overlapping full-back Juanfran, who then crossed the ball low to David Villa to finish with a back flick of his right foot low to the net. In the second half, Fernando Torres scored Spain's second with a low finish from the left of the penalty area after a pass from Iniesta, before substitute Juan Mata, receiving a pass from Cesc Fàbregas, scored from the right of the penalty area with a low shot between the goalkeeper's legs. Villa's goal was his ninth career World Cup goal. Already Spain's record World Cup goalscorer, he also joined Fernando Hierro, Raúl and",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nbecause of traffic due to the opening ceremony and match. Belgium midfielder Steven Defour was suspended for the match, after being sent off in the last group stage match against South Korea. In a game dominated by the Belgians, but still goalless through the first 90 minutes thanks to U.S. goalkeeper Tim Howard, U.S. striker Chris Wondolowski missed a great chance in stoppage time from less than five yards out. Thus, the game went to extra time and Belgium took the lead within two minutes. Romelu Lukaku, who came off the bench at the start of extra time, crossed from",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Final\"\na cross by Ezequiel Lavezzi from the right wing. Germany responded when Thomas Müller raced into the penalty area and cut the ball back for Schürrle, who saw his first-time effort saved by a diving Argentine goalkeeper Sergio Romero. As the half ended Germany had a brief flurry of chances, the closest coming when Benedikt Höwedes' header hit the post from a corner during injury time. In the second half Lionel Messi missed an early opportunity when he fired wide of the German goal from inside the penalty area after receiving a through pass, but the remainder of the half",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nof reaching the last eight in every World Cup since 1954. Djabou's goal, timed at 120 minutes and 51 seconds, was the latest goal in World Cup history, surpassing Alessandro Del Piero's goal against Germany in 2006, timed at 120 minutes and 32 seconds. <section begin=i6 /><section end=i6 /> The two teams had met in six previous matches, including in the 1966 FIFA World Cup group stage, won by Argentina 2–0. The match went to extra time with Ángel Di María scoring the only goal with two minutes remaining with a side-foot finish from the right of the penalty area",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group A\"\nvery disappointed with their performance. On 1 July 2014, Cameroon officials announced that they had opened an investigation on claims that seven of the Cameroon's players were involved in fixing the result. However, FIFA said there was no evidence that there were any match fixing in any of Cameroon's matches. Olić, who previously scored a goal in the 2002 World Cup, became the second player to have a 12-year gap between World Cup goals, after Michael Laudrup in 1986 and 1998. Mandžukić became the first Croatian player to score a brace in a World Cup game. The 4–0 scoreline was",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nto accumulation of yellow cards, and was replaced by Dante, while forward Neymar was sidelined after suffering a fractured vertebra in the quarter-final against Colombia, and was replaced by Bernard. Germany took the lead in the 11th minute, Thomas Müller volleying in Toni Kroos's corner. Miroslav Klose scored Germany's second goal, after a passing move saw him set up by Kroos, his first shot was saved by Brazil goalkeeper Júlio César, but he slotted in the rebound. Kroos then scored two quick goals in succession, the first one after Philipp Lahm's cross was missed by Müller, the second one after",
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"chunk_text": "\"South American nations at the FIFA World Cup\"\nfound the net. The lead could not be undone by the Colombians, even though James Rodríguez scored from the penalty spot in the 80th minute. The game didn't end in joy for the Brazilians, though, as top striker Neymar was ruled out for the rest of the tournament with a back injury and captain Thiago Silva was suspended. Rodríguez's strike was his sixth of the tournament, and he eventually became the top scorer of the 2014 World Cup. Argentina, the only other CONMEBOL representative left, also reached the semi-finals by beating Belgium 1-0 in Brasília. An early strike from Gonzalo",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Final\"\n2014 FIFA World Cup Final The 2014 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place on 13 July 2014 at the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to determine the 2014 FIFA World Cup champion. Germany defeated Argentina 1–0 in extra time, with the only goal being scored by Mario Götze, who collected André Schürrle's cross from the left on his chest before volleying a high left-footed shot into the net. The match was the third final between the two countries, a World Cup record, after their 1986 and 1990 matches, and billed as the world's",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup awards\"\n2014 FIFA World Cup awards The following article outlines the awards for the 2014 FIFA World Cup played in Brazil from 12 June to 15 July 2014. The following awards were given at the conclusion of the tournament: The adidas Golden Ball is given to the outstanding player at the FIFA World Cup. The players who finish second and third are given the Silver Ball and Bronze Ball respectively. On 11 July 2014, the FIFA Technical Study Group announced the ten-player shortlist for the Golden Ball award. The adidas Golden Boot is given to the top goalscorer at the FIFA",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nthe tournament, the most they had ever allowed in a World Cup and also the most conceded by any World Cup hosts. Brazil also became the second team to concede 100 World Cup goals, after Germany. Van Persie's goal was the 100th goal that Brazil have conceded in the FIFA World Cup and made him the 2nd highest Dutch goalscorer with 6 World Cup goals along with Wesley Sneijder, Arjen Robben, Dennis Bergkamp, and Rob Rensenbrink, all before Johnny Rep with 7 World Cup goals. Lastly, since the beginning of the 21st century of the World Cups (first one being",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup\"\nfifth overall after overcoming the Netherlands in a penalty shoot-out following a 0–0 draw at the end of extra time. The Netherlands defeated Brazil 3–0 to secure third place, the first for the Dutch team in their history. Overall, Brazil conceded 14 goals in the tournament; this was the most by a team at any single World Cup since 1986, and the most by a host nation in history, although their fourth-place finish still represented Brazil's best result in a World Cup since their last win in 2002. The final featured Germany against Argentina for a record third time after",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group E\"\n<section begin=e4 /><section end=e4 /> The two teams had met in one previous match, in the 2010 FIFA World Cup group stage, a 0–0 draw. All three goals of the match were scored by Xherdan Shaqiri. In the sixth minute, he received the ball from Stephan Lichtsteiner, dribbled inside and curled the ball into the net with his left foot. In the 31st minute, a break-away by Switzerland saw Josip Drmić setting up Shaqiri to convert. Shaqiri completed his hat-trick in the 71st minute, from another break-away and assist by Drmić. As Ecuador drew with France in the other match",
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"chunk_text": "\"Miroslav Klose\"\ngoalscorer in the history of the FIFA World Cup with 16 goals, having scored five goals in his debut World Cup in 2002 and having won the Golden Boot at the 2006 World Cup in Germany by again scoring five times. He also scored four times in the 2010 World Cup and twice at the 2014 World Cup, the latter tournament where he overtook Ronaldo's then-record of 15 goals to top the all-time list. Klose is also the top scorer of all time for Germany, which never lost a game in which Klose scored, and one of the very few",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nCup matches since Peru’s Teófilo Cubillas (across the 1970 and 1978 tournaments). <section begin=j2 /><section end=j2 /> The two teams had met in three previous matches, including twice in the FIFA World Cup (1982, group stage: Argentina 0–1 Belgium; 1986, semi-finals: Argentina 2–0 Belgium). Argentina defender Marcos Rojo was suspended for the match due to accumulation of yellow cards. The only goal of the match was scored by Argentina forward Gonzalo Higuaín in the eighth minute, a powerful shot with his right foot from just inside the penalty area after a pass from Di María was deflected to him by",
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"chunk_text": "\"FIFA World Cup top goalscorers\"\nOnly two other players have surpassed 10 goals at the World Cup: Pelé with 12 between 1958 and 1970 for Brazil, and Jürgen Klinsmann with 11 between 1990 and 1998 for Germany. Of all the players who have played at the World Cup, only six have scored, on average, at least two goals per game played: Kocsis, Fontaine, Stábile, Russia's Oleg Salenko, Switzerland's Josef Hügi, and Poland's Ernst Wilimowski — the latter scored four in his single World Cup game in 1938. The top 97 goalscorers have represented 28 nations, with 14 players scoring for Brazil, and another 14 for",
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"chunk_text": "\"Brazil at the 2014 FIFA World Cup\"\nand was replaced by Bernard. Germany took the lead in the 11th minute, Thomas Müller volleying in Toni Kroos' corner. Miroslav Klose scored Germany's second goal, after a passing move saw him set up by Müller, his first shot was saved by Brazil goalkeeper Júlio César, but he slotted in the rebound. Kroos then scored two quick goals, the first one after Philipp Lahm's cross was missed by Müller, the second one after stealing the ball from Fernandinho and playing a quick one-two with Sami Khedira. Khedira then scored Germany's fourth goal in six minutes, after exchanging passes with Mesut",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\ngoalkeeper the wrong way. The penalty was awarded after substitute Carlos Bacca was fouled by Brazil goalkeeper Júlio César. Neymar was kneed in the back by Colombia defender Juan Camilo Zúñiga in the 88th minute, which resulted in the striker's withdrawal from the match. Subsequent medical evaluation discovered a fractured vertebra, forcing the Brazilian to miss the remainder of the tournament. Brazil advanced to the semi-final, where they faced Germany. James's sixth goal of the tournament was enough for him to win the Golden Boot award. He also became the first player to score in his first five career World",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup\"\nThe eight teams to win in the round of 16 included four former champions (Brazil, Germany, Argentina and France), a three-time runner-up (Netherlands), and two first-time quarter-finalists (Colombia and Costa Rica). Belgium reached the quarter-finals for the first time since 1986. \"\"All times listed below are at local time ()\"\" With a 1–0 victory over France, Germany set a World Cup record with four consecutive semi-final appearances. Brazil beat Colombia 2–1, but Brazil's Neymar was injured and missed the rest of the competition. Argentina reached the final four for the first time since 1990 after a 1–0 win over Belgium.",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group H\"\nRussia). Aleksandr Kokorin had Russia's best chance in the first half, heading wide from six yards. Late in the second half, Belgian substitute Kevin Mirallas hit the post with his free kick, but Belgium did find the game-winner through another substitute, Divock Origi scoring from 8 yards out after Eden Hazard's cut-back from the left. <section begin=h3 /><section end=h3 /> The two teams had met in two previous matches, both in friendlies both in 1985. Algeria, which needed at least a point to stay alive in the competition, scored three goals in the first half to take a comfortable lead.",
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"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nequalise with a hard shot from 16 yards. Only a few minutes later, with stoppage time coming to a close, Arjen Robben drew a penalty for the Netherlands after being fouled by Rafael Márquez on the right of the penalty area, which Huntelaar converted into the bottom left corner to win the match for the Netherlands. Netherlands advanced to the quarter-finals to face Costa Rica, while Mexico were eliminated in the round of 16 for the sixth tournament in a row. The match was the first time in World Cup history where a cooling break was instituted, with temperatures at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16289645",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Final\"\ntoo wide. Late in extra time, Messi had an opportunity to equalise from a free kick within goal-scoring distance, but his attempt flew high over the crossbar. In addition to Klose, Germany captain Philipp Lahm and veteran defender Per Mertesacker, a late substitute, announced that the final would also be their last match for Germany. Combined, these three players had amassed 354 appearances for the national team between them. <section begin=Final /><section end=Final /> <section begin=Lineups /> </includeonly><section end=Lineups /> Match rules: Due to the Argentina–Brazil football rivalry, the Brazilians in the crowd supported Germany, despite their resounding 7–1 victory",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11306918",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group F\"\nas a result. <section begin=f4 /><section end=f4 /> The two teams had met in six previous matches, including three times in the FIFA World Cup group stage, all won by Argentina (1994: 2–1; 2002: 1–0; 2010: 1–0). Before the match, Nigeria were the only team yet to concede in the tournament, but their defence were breached inside three minutes when Ángel Di María's shot hit the post and Lionel Messi slammed home the rebound. Nigeria, which would qualify for the knockout stage if they gained a point or if Iran failed to beat Bosnia and Herzegovina in the other match,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4771847",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group E\"\ntaking place simultaneously, Switzerland sealed a place in the knockout stage as the group runners-up, while Honduras, which needed a win to have any chance of qualifying for the knockout stage for the first time, were eliminated with zero points. Shaqiri's hat-trick was the 50th hat-trick in the history of the World Cup, and also the second by a Swiss player, following Josef Hügi in the 1954 World Cup. Honduras completed their third World Cup tournament still without a win, and had played more matches (nine total) without a win than any other side. <section begin=e5 /><section end=e5 /> The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4771898",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nAfter a goalless 90 minutes, Germany opened the scoring two minutes into extra time, when half-time substitute André Schürrle scored with a left foot back-heel from Thomas Müller's cross from the left. Germany extended the lead in the 120th minute when Mesut Özil converted with his left foot high into the net after Schürrle's shot was blocked on the line, but Algeria pulled one back in injury time when substitute Abdelmoumene Djabou scored with his left foot from six yards after a cross from the right by Sofiane Feghouli. Germany advanced to the quarter-finals to face France, continuing their streak",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15078030",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\"\nsemi-finals of the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Brazil made six changes in their starting line-up from their semi-final, while the Netherlands made only two, with Wesley Sneijder, who was originally part of the Dutch starting line-up, replaced by Jonathan de Guzmán after an injury during the pre-match warm-up prevented him from playing. The Netherlands opened the scoring within three minutes, after Robin van Persie converted a penalty kick awarded for a foul on Arjen Robben by Thiago Silva. Daley Blind extended the lead in the 17th minute, scoring after a David Luiz headed clearance fell to him inside the penalty",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9202464",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group H\"\na cross from the left by Kevin De Bruyne, followed by the game winner scored by Dries Mertens from a pass by Eden Hazard. Feghouli's goal snapped Algeria's 506-minute World Cup scoreless streak stretching back to 1986, second place at the time to the record of 517 minutes between 1930 and 1990 held by Bolivia. <section begin=h1 /><section end=h1 /> The two teams had met in one previous match, in a friendly in 2013. After a goalless first half, the two teams traded goals by substitutes in the second half as the match finished 1–1. First, Han Kook-young passed to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4771874",
"chunk_text": "\"2014 FIFA World Cup Group G\"\nfor Ghana in the second half, heading in Kwadwo Asamoah's outside of the foot cross from the left. Cristiano Ronaldo scored Portugal's game winner in the 80th minute, after Ghana goalkeeper Fatau Dauda palmed the ball to him in the penalty area after a cross from the left. Despite the win and Germany's win over the United States, Portugal finished behind the United States on goal difference, and were eliminated together with Ghana, which failed to reach the knockout stage for the first time in their three campaigns. Gyan's goal was his sixth in the World Cup, passing the tally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_987
|
who plays captain phasma in star wars the force awakens?
|
n/a
|
[
"Gwendoline Christie"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
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"chunk_id": "11834036",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\nCaptain Phasma Captain Phasma is a fictional character in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise, portrayed by English actress Gwendoline Christie. Introduced in \"\"\"\" (2015), the first film in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" sequel trilogy, Phasma is the commander of the First Order's force of stormtroopers. Christie returned to the role in the next of the trilogy's films, \"\"\"\" (2017). The character also made an additional appearance in \"\"\"\", an anthology book set before the events of \"\"The Force Awakens\"\". J. J. Abrams created Phasma from an armor design originally developed for Kylo Ren and named her after the 1979 horror film \"\"Phantasm\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
},
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"chunk_id": "8484677",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\non Amazon.co.uk. Captain Phasma Captain Phasma is a fictional character in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise, portrayed by English actress Gwendoline Christie. Introduced in \"\"\"\" (2015), the first film in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" sequel trilogy, Phasma is the commander of the First Order's force of stormtroopers. Christie returned to the role in the next of the trilogy's films, \"\"\"\" (2017). The character also made an additional appearance in \"\"\"\", an anthology book set before the events of \"\"The Force Awakens\"\". J. J. Abrams created Phasma from an armor design originally developed for Kylo Ren and named her after the 1979 horror",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5583816",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\"\nRey's vision sequence, while archival audio of Frank Oz and Alec Guinness as Yoda and Kenobi, respectively, are also used in the same scene; Oz recorded new dialogue for the film, but it was replaced with preexisting audio from \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\". Gwendoline Christie portrays Captain Phasma, the commander of the First Order's legions of stormtroopers. Dave Chapman and Brian Herring served as puppeteers for BB-8, with Bill Hader and Ben Schwartz credited as \"\"Vocal Consultants\"\". Ken Leung appears as Statura, an admiral in the Resistance. Simon Pegg appears as Unkar Plutt, the Junkyard dealer on Jakku. Greg Grunberg",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15643726",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\ngray\"\", with stormtroopers being updated to be more simplified and modernized. Kaplan designed the character believing it would be \"\"extremely cool\"\" to have a silver armored character in the film. The character was not originally conceived as a woman, but rather was changed from male to female during casting, less than three weeks before principal shooting began. Phasma thereby became the second on-screen female \"\"Star Wars\"\" villain, after Zam Wesell. With Captain Phasma, the filmmakers wished to \"\"push the boundaries\"\" of traditional roles for female characters. Actress Gwendoline Christie, who had previously played Brienne of Tarth in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
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{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18921819",
"chunk_text": "\"Gwendoline Christie\"\nGwendoline Christie Gwendoline Tracey Philippa Christie (born 28 October 1978) is an English actress and model. She is best known for portraying the warrior Brienne of Tarth in the HBO fantasy-drama series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" since 2012, and the First Order stormtrooper Captain Phasma in \"\"\"\" (2015) and \"\"\"\" (2017). Gwendoline Tracey Philippa Christie was born in Worthing, West Sussex, to a housewife mother and a father who worked in sales and marketing. She grew up in a hamlet near the South Downs. She trained as a gymnast as a child: after a spine injury, she took up acting. Around",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8484673",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\npositively to the character's name, despite some initial misgivings, for fitting in with the franchise's \"\"Flash Gordon\"\" roots. They also praised her armor design, stating that character design had been important in the success of Fett and Maul. They similarly had high hopes for Christie's acting. During the lead-up to the film, Phasma became a fan favorite. Polygon's Susana Polo considered \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" a great achievement for Hollywood for its diversity regardless of its quality, though she used Phasma as an example of how the film was not perfect, noting rumors of Phasma's minor role despite her being the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18736832",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Resistance\"\nGwendoline Christie will reprise their roles as Poe Dameron and Captain Phasma, respectively. They will be joined by Christopher Sean, Bobby Moynihan, Suzie McGrath, Scott Lawrence, Myrna Velasco, Josh Brener, Donald Faison, Jim Rash, and Rachel Butera. General Leia Organa, Kylo Ren and BB-8 were also announced to appear on the series. On September 27, 2018, Rachel Butera, who had originally been cast in the role of Leia Organa, created controversy with a video post on Twitter in which she mocked the voice of Christine Blasey Ford while Ford testified before the US Senate about her allegations of sexual assault",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 6
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15643727",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\nwas first officially confirmed as Captain Phasma in a \"\"Vanity Fair\"\" spread released May 4, 2015, following its leak. Christie fought heavily to appear in the film, continually insisting her agent get her a part in it. Christie was not aware that the character was originally a man. Christie took inspiration from her armor—\"\"it's very high-functioning, it's very imposing and it's not malleable at all\"\"—in how to play the character. In playing Phasma, Christie felt encouraged to experiment more with the gesture of a character. Her initial costume, used in \"\"The Force Awakens\"\", had to be created over a period",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3270456",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Captain Phasma\"\nStar Wars: Captain Phasma Star Wars: Captain Phasma is a four-issue \"\"Star Wars\"\" comic book limited series, set immediately after the events of the 2014 film \"\"The Force Awakens\"\". It opens with Captain Phasma in a trash compactor as Starkiller Base is under attack. Phasma had been forced to lower the shields to the base while being held captive by a small Resistance team consisting of Han Solo, Chewbacca, and Finn, the ex-stormtrooper previously known as FN-2187; after the shields were down, the team forced her into a garbage chute. Written by Kelly Thompson and with art by Marco Checchetto,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
{
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"chunk_id": "11834046",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\nfor Phasma in the films. Phasma will appear in the 2018 animated series \"\"Star Wars Resistance\"\", voiced again by Gwendoline Christie. \"\"Before the Awakening\"\", a prequel anthology, features the character in a short story centered around Finn. In it, she monitors Finn's performance in combat simulation and, although praising his skill, she criticizes his rescuing of a weaker soldier. Additionally, Phasma is featured in both the adult and junior novelizations of \"\"The Force Awakens\"\". The Lego \"\"Star Wars\"\" version of Phasma also appears in the 2016 short form animated series \"\"\"\". She is also a playable character and boss in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5583819",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\"\nappears as Captain Cypress. The film's dialect coach, Andrew Jack, appears as Major Ematt of the Resistance. Additionally, Crystal Clarke, Pip Andersen, Christina Chong, Miltos Yerolemou, Amybeth Hargreaves, Leanne Best, Judah Friedlander, and Kevin Smith were cast in minor roles. Abrams has a vocal cameo, singing with Lin-Manuel Miranda on two songs, \"\"Jabba Flow\"\" and \"\"Dobra Doompa\"\", performed by Shag Kava, consisting of Abrams, Miranda and musicians. \"\"\"\" and \"\"Star Wars Rebels\"\" cast members Dee Bradley Baker, Matt Lanter, Tom Kane, Catherine Taber, Matthew Wood, Sam Witwer, Meredith Salenger, James Arnold Taylor, show runner Dave Filoni, Michael Donovan, Devon Libran,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5583804",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\"\nStar Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars: The Force Awakens (also known as Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens) is a 2015 American epic space opera film produced, co-written and directed by J. J. Abrams. It is the first installment of the \"\"Star Wars\"\" sequel trilogy and the seventh installment of the main \"\"Star Wars\"\" film franchise, following \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\" (1983). The film stars Harrison Ford, Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Lupita Nyong'o, Andy Serkis, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Peter Mayhew, and Max von Sydow, and was produced by",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14028767",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Poe Dameron\"\ntheir missions by X-wing pilots Snap Wexley, a character played by Greg Grunberg in the film and resembling the actor in the comic, and Jess Pava, also from \"\"The Force Awakens\"\", where she is played by Jessica Henwick. The series also includes cameos by Leia, appearing in Carrie Fisher's likeness as in the film, and stormtrooper commander Captain Phasma (Gwendoline Christie). New characters include Resistance pilots Karé Kun and L'ulo L'ampar, as well as X-wing tech Oddy Muva. \"\"Poe Dameron\"\" also introduces a new villain, Agent Terex of the First Order Security Bureau, a cocky ex-stormtrooper whom series creator Charles",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11981509",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Phasma\"\nStar Wars: Phasma Star Wars: Phasma is a \"\"Star Wars\"\" novel by Delilah S. Dawson, published by Del Rey Books on September 1, 2017 as part of the publishing initiative. It explores the backstory of Captain Phasma, the stormtrooper leader introduced in the 2015 film \"\"\"\". The novel was announced at the \"\"Star Wars\"\" Celebration in April 2017, among several works related to \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" sequel film \"\"\"\". A comic book miniseries called \"\"\"\", exploring Phasma's adventures between the films, was announced at the same time. Resistance spy Vi Moradi is captured and brought aboard the First Order Star",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5583834",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\"\nthe script at Pinewood Studios near London, picturing director Abrams with Ford, Ridley, Fisher, Peter Mayhew, producer Bryan Burk, Lucasfilm president and producer Kathleen Kennedy, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Hamill, Serkis, Oscar Isaac, Boyega, Driver, and writer Lawrence Kasdan. The announcement was originally planned for May 4 (\"\"Star Wars\"\" Day), but was announced early for fear of media leaks. In June 2014, cast additions Lupita Nyong'o and Gwendoline Christie were announced. To prepare for his role, Hamill was assigned a personal trainer and a nutritionist at the request of the producers, who wanted him to resemble an older Luke. Fisher",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
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"chunk_id": "11834041",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\nwho, while not \"\"at the forefront of the action all the time\"\", still has \"\"a lot of impact\"\". The actress called the character \"\"a malevolent force\"\" who takes pleasure in her cruelty, something she attributed to a perceived difficult journey to becoming the only female stormtrooper of rank. To contrast with other stormtroopers in the franchise, Christie portrayed Phasma with both some femininity and sassiness. Glen Robert Gill, writing for \"\"Bright Lights Film Journal\"\", saw Phasma as \"\"the demonic or negative emanation of the maidenly anima\"\". Phasma is depicted wearing salvaged chromium armor, which in \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" visual dictionary",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11981511",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Phasma\"\nthe same time. The novel was published by Del Rey Books on September 1, 2017. Star Wars: Phasma Star Wars: Phasma is a \"\"Star Wars\"\" novel by Delilah S. Dawson, published by Del Rey Books on September 1, 2017 as part of the publishing initiative. It explores the backstory of Captain Phasma, the stormtrooper leader introduced in the 2015 film \"\"\"\". The novel was announced at the \"\"Star Wars\"\" Celebration in April 2017, among several works related to \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" sequel film \"\"\"\". A comic book miniseries called \"\"\"\", exploring Phasma's adventures between the films, was announced at the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
{
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"chunk_id": "17521731",
"chunk_text": "\"Gwendoline Christie\"\nConstable in the Sydney Police Force, and the new partner of the show's main character played by Elisabeth Moss; the character was written especially for Christie by series co-creator Jane Campion, after Christie asked her to be a part of the series. The same year, she reprised her role of Captain Phasma in \"\"\"\", a sequel to \"\"The Force Awakens\"\". In April 2018, she was confirmed to reprise her role once again for the upcoming animated series \"\"Star Wars Resistance\"\". In 2018, she appeared as the bounty hunter Lady Jane in \"\"The Darkest Minds\"\", an adaptation of the book trilogy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
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"chunk_id": "5583832",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\"\nThough Lucas intimated that previous cast members Carrie Fisher, Harrison Ford, and Mark Hamill would return for the new film as early as March 2013, their casting was not confirmed until over a year later. Saoirse Ronan, Michael B. Jordan, and Lupita Nyong'o auditioned for new characters; industry publications reported Jesse Plemons was considered, possibly for Luke Skywalker's son; Adam Driver for an unnamed villain; and Maisie Richardson-Sellers for an unknown character. In March 2014, actor Dominic Monaghan said that Abrams was looking for three unknown actors to play the leads in \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" and that rumors of bigger-name",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "8484674",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\nfirst on-screen female stormtrooper. Upon \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" release, criticism fell on the character's minimal role in the film. \"\"The Telegraph\"\"s Jonathan McAloon called his \"\"one criticism\"\" of \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" the underuse of Phasma, and wondered if her face would ever be revealed in the films. Jason Guerrasio of \"\"Business Insider\"\" echoed the sentiment, noting her lack of screen time despite her great potential. Scott Meslow, writing for \"\"The Week\"\", criticized the film's lack of nuance in its villains, calling her \"\"a total cipher\"\" in the film despite her heavy appearance in its promotion. He pointed to her appearance",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 19
},
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"chunk_id": "8484670",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\nscene, the battle with Phasma and her fate are significantly different: She and four stormtroopers manage to surround Finn, who taunts Phasma about her compliance to his demands in \"\"The Force Awakens\"\". Before the stormtroopers can turn on her, Phasma kills all of them and then prepares to attack Finn, but he manages to cut her hand off and blasts her into the ship's wreckage. \"\"The Last Jedi\"\" director Rian Johnson said that Phasma's limited supporting role in the film was due to time constraints and an already large cast of characters, and indicated that there were no other plans",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "20132069",
"chunk_text": "\"Valentina Favazza\"\nValentina Favazza Valentina Favazza (born October 10, 1987) is an Italian voice actress. Born in Aosta, Favazza has been active in the Italian dubbing industry since 2005. She is best known for having voiced Jyn Erso in the Italian dub of \"\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\"\" as well as dubbing Daisy Johnson in \"\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\". Some of the actresses she is known for dubbing includes Felicity Jones, Alicia Vikander, Shailene Woodley, Chloe Bennet, Lily Collins and Jennifer Lawrence. At the age of seven, Favazza would often listen to the Italian dialogue in international films, which is what inspired",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
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"chunk_id": "10402332",
"chunk_text": "\"Daisy Ridley\"\nDaisy Ridley Daisy Jazz Isobel Ridley (born 10 April 1992) is an English actress. Born in Westminster and brought up in Maida Vale, Ridley trained in drama at the Tring Park School for the Performing Arts. She began acting in minor guest roles on television and in short films, making her film debut in the independent horror film \"\"Scrawl\"\" (2015). She rose to international prominence for playing the lead role of Rey in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" sequel trilogy, starring in \"\"\"\" (2015) and \"\"\"\" (2017). She is also known for her performance of Mary Debenham in \"\"Murder on the Orient",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "5583818",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\"\nFleetwood play First Order Petty Officers, Thanisson and Unamo, respectively. Billie Lourd, daughter of Carrie Fisher, appears as Connix, a lieutenant in the Resistance. Members of the Resistance include Emun Elliott as Brance and Maisie Richardson-Sellers as Korr Sella while Harriet Walter appears as Kalonia, the doctor who tends to Chewbacca. Mark Stanley appears as a Knight of Ren. Sebastian Armesto portrays Lieutenant Mitaka and Pip Torrens portrays Colonel Caplan, both serving the First Order. Daniel Craig, Michael Giacchino and Nigel Godrich cameo as stormtroopers. Abrams's assistant, Morgan Dameron, appears as a Resistance officer, while his father, Gerald W. Abrams,",
"is_relevant": null,
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{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8484667",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\ncalled to mind mirrors, symbols of \"\"self-reflection and self-examination\"\", the feelings she brings in Finn when she inadvertently helps inspire him to defect. The second trailer for the 2015 film \"\"\"\" introduced the character. In the film, Phasma begins engaged in an attack at Tuanul, a settlement village on the desert planet Jakku, in search of a galaxy map that leads to the last Jedi, Luke Skywalker. After the battle is won, Phasma and the other stormtroopers execute the remaining villagers. Back on the \"\"Resurgent\"\"-class Star Destroyer \"\"Finalizer\"\", she meets with stormtrooper FN-2187, and reprimands him for having removed his",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
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{
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"chunk_id": "11834035",
"chunk_text": "\"Maz Kanata\"\ncould have been a strong addition to the franchise instead reeks of the film’s attempt to mimic what works well in the previous movies.\"\" \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" received seven Visual Effects Society Award nominations, including one for Outstanding Animated Performance in a Photoreal Feature for Maz Kanata. Nyong'o was nominated for a 2016 Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal. Maz Kanata Maz Kanata is a fictional character in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise. Introduced in the 2015 film \"\"\"\", she is a CGI character voiced and performed through motion capture by Lupita Nyong'o. Maz, a former pirate and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11834037",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\nThe character was originally conceived as male. Phasma appeared prominently in promotion and marketing for \"\"The Force Awakens\"\", but the character's ultimately minor role in the film was the subject of criticism, a complaint repeated for her appearance in \"\"The Last Jedi\"\". Nonetheless, merchandise featuring the character found success, and her figure was the best-selling of all \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" action figures on Amazon.co.uk. The character's creation was inspired by a rejected design for Kylo Ren. Costume designer Michael Kaplan came up with the concept of Kylo being \"\"the Lord of the Stormtroopers, in bright shining silver armor\"\". Kaplan had",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15665154",
"chunk_text": "\"Caroline Blakiston\"\nCaroline Blakiston Caroline Blakiston (born 13 February 1933) is an English actress. She is best known in her native United Kingdom for her role in the television comedy series \"\"Brass\"\", and to international audiences as Mon Mothma in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" film \"\"Return of the Jedi\"\". Blakiston was born in London and attended RADA. In the 1960s, Blakiston appeared in three episodes of \"\"The Avengers\"\" as well a number of ITC productions such as \"\"The Saint\"\", \"\"Department S\"\" and the 1969 \"\"Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)\"\" episode \"\"Never Trust a Ghost\"\". She appeared to great acclaim as Marjorie Ferrar in the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5944192",
"chunk_text": "\"Paul Kasey\"\nKasey has also appeared as a zombie in \"\"28 Days Later\"\" and has appeared in the Star Wars film series as Ello Asty in \"\"The Force Awakens\"\", Admiral Raddus in \"\"Rogue One\"\", and C'ai Threnalli in \"\"The Last Jedi\"\". Paul Kasey Paul Kasey (born 5 August 1973) is an English actor who frequently plays monsters on \"\"Doctor Who\"\", \"\"The Sarah Jane Adventures\"\" and \"\"Torchwood\"\". Kasey was born in Chatham, Kent. He has played the Cybercontroller, the Cyber Leader, Cybermen, a clockwork android, the Hoix, an Auton, a Slitheen, an Ood, the Anne-Droid and a member of the Forest of Cheem",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1880827",
"chunk_text": "\"Brigitte Kahn\"\nDay\"\". She played Hippolyta in the \"\"Royal Shakespeare Company\"\" 1989 production \"\"A Midsummer's Dream\"\". Brigitte Kahn Brigitte Kahn is a German-born British actress who has appeared on several television shows in the UK. She remains best known for her small part in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" film \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\", where she plays an unnamed rebel officer, as only one of three women characters with a speaking part in the trilogy (except Princess Leia). She played Dagmar in \"\"Auf Wiedersehen, Pet\"\". Other TV credits include: \"\"Secret Army\"\", \"\"The Sandbaggers\"\", \"\"The Gentle Touch\"\", \"\"The Professionals\"\", \"\"C.A.T.S. Eyes\"\", \"\"The Bill\"\" and \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15643757",
"chunk_text": "Jakku\na Lego \"\"Star Wars\"\" playset called \"\"Encounter on Jakku\"\". Jakku Jakku is a fictional desert planet first featured in the 2015 \"\"Star Wars\"\" film \"\"\"\". Remote, lawless, and inhospitable, it is the homeworld of main character Rey, played by Daisy Ridley. The film focuses on two distinct localities, Tuanul Village and Niima Outpost, near a starship graveyard. The planet is also depicted in the 2017 Chuck Wendig novel, \"\"\"\". Jakku is a setting in the 2015 \"\"Star Wars\"\" film \"\"The Force Awakens\"\", and . The homeworld of main character Rey, it is a harsh and inhospitable desert planet on the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11834042",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\nis established as coming from a Naboo yacht once owned by Palpatine. It is said to serve \"\"primarily as a symbol of past power\"\". Christie recognised the character's helmet as both being futuristic and having medieval elements. Chris Laverty, creator of costume analysis site Clothes on Film, called her armor \"\"probably the most regal costume\"\" in \"\"The Force Awakens\"\", and noted it as a reflection of her status. He also felt her cloak, \"\"elegantly slung over one shoulder\"\", was a method of humanizing the character. In-universe, the cloak is the \"\"traditional cape of First Order command\"\". Gill felt her armor",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11283071",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Last Jedi\"\nhelped Finn and Rose escape grabs a broom with the Force and gazes into space. Joonas Suotamo appears as Chewbacca, taking over the role from Peter Mayhew after previously serving as his body double in \"\"The Force Awakens.\"\" Mayhew, who was 73 years old and suffering from chronic knee and back pain, is credited as \"\"Chewbacca consultant.\"\" Billie Lourd, Mike Quinn, and Timothy D. Rose reprise their roles as Lieutenant Connix, Nien Nunb, and Admiral Ackbar respectively. Due to the death of Erik Bauersfeld, Admiral Ackbar is now voiced by Tom Kane. Amanda Lawrence appears as Commander D'Acy, and Mark",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16000593",
"chunk_text": "\"Sofia Boutella\"\nSofia Boutella Sofia Boutella (; born April 3, 1982) is a French-Algerian dancer, model and actress. Boutella has starred as Gazelle in \"\"\"\" (2014), an alien warrior named Jaylah in \"\"Star Trek Beyond\"\" (2016), and the main antagonist, Princess Ahmanet, in Universal's Dark Universe film \"\"The Mummy\"\" (2017). Also in 2017, she starred alongside Charlize Theron in \"\"Atomic Blonde\"\", the film adaptation of the graphic novel \"\"The Coldest City\"\", as undercover French agent Delphine Lasalle. Boutella was born in the Bab El Oued district of Algiers, the daughter of jazz musician Safy Boutella. Her mother is an Algerian architect. She",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12677452",
"chunk_text": "\"Amy Allen\"\nfirst worked for Lucasfilm during a break from filming \"\"Gangs of New York\"\". Allen frequently makes appearances at conventions, including C2 and C3, SDCC 2005, Celebration V (2010) and Celebration VI (2012). At Celebration II, she participated in a panel discussion of \"\"Women Who Kick.\"\" Amy Allen Amy Allen (born October 24, 1976) is an American actress and film crew member who portrayed the Jedi Master Aayla Secura in \"\"Star Wars\"\" films released in 2002 and 2005. She worked behind the scenes on many different movies, including \"\"A.I. Artificial Intelligence\"\", before she acted in \"\"Star Wars\"\". A production assistant with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5759683",
"chunk_text": "\"Lieutenant Connix\"\nLieutenant Connix Lieutenant Kaydel Ko Connix is a fictional character in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise. Introduced in the 2015 film \"\"\"\", she is portrayed by Billie Lourd. Connix is a minor character in \"\"The Force Awakens\"\", and becomes more prominent in the sequel, \"\"\"\". Lourd is the daughter of Carrie Fisher, who portrayed Princess Leia in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" films. Lourd said that she auditioned for the lead role of Rey in \"\"The Force Awakens\"\", which ultimately went to Daisy Ridley. In the film, Lourd played the minor role of Lieutenant Connix, a character created specifically for her by director",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20914311",
"chunk_text": "\"Gianna Simone\"\nand permanent homes. Simone also serves on the board of The Plantrician Project. Simone is of Italian descent and identifies as a Christian and vegan. She likes extreme sports, including riding motorcycles and skydiving, and is an avid aerialist and target shooter. Simone resides in Los Angeles. Gianna Simone Gianna Simone (born December 22, 1989) is an American actress, model, and producer. She has appeared in roles in the feature films \"\"Star Trek Into Darkness\"\" (2013), \"\"Mother's Day\"\" (2016), \"\"I Can Only Imagine\"\" (2018), (2018), and several television series. Simone is originally from Boston, Massachusetts and during her youth, lived",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5144228",
"chunk_text": "\"Ashley Eckstein\"\nAshley Eckstein Maria Ashley Eckstein (née Drane; born September 22, 1981), credited as Ashley Eckstein or Ashley Drane, is an American actress, voice actress, and fashion designer, known to audiences of \"\"Blue Collar TV\"\" and as the voice of Ahsoka Tano on \"\"\"\", \"\"Star Wars Rebels\"\", and \"\"Star Wars Forces of Destiny\"\". She also played a small role as Alicia in the film \"\"Sydney White\"\" and as Ms. Cole in the film \"\"Alice Upside Down\"\", with both films being released in 2007. Eckstein also had a recurring role as Muffy on the Disney Channel sitcom \"\"That's So Raven\"\". Eckstein was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11834026",
"chunk_text": "\"Maz Kanata\"\nMaz Kanata Maz Kanata is a fictional character in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise. Introduced in the 2015 film \"\"\"\", she is a CGI character voiced and performed through motion capture by Lupita Nyong'o. Maz, a former pirate and smuggler, is more than 1,000 years old and manages an interstellar tavern in a castle on the fictional planet Takodana. \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" writer/director J. J. Abrams told \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" in November 2015, \"\"I wanted to do [Maz] as a puppet originally, but once we figured out the things that she was required to do, it felt like performance capture was the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9935097",
"chunk_text": "\"Natalie Portman\"\nNatalie Portman Natalie Portman (born Neta-Lee Hershlag; June 9, 1981) is a film actress, producer, and director with dual Israeli and American citizenship. She is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award and two Golden Globe Awards. Portman made her feature film debut as Mathilda, the young protégée of a hitman, in \"\"\"\" (1994). While still in high school, she gained international recognition for starring as Padmé Amidala in \"\"\"\" and received critical acclaim for playing a precocious teenager in the drama \"\"Anywhere but Here\"\" (both 1999). From 1999 to 2003, Portman attended Harvard University for a bachelor's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20132070",
"chunk_text": "\"Valentina Favazza\"\nher to become a voice dubber. In 2016, she received the award for her performance in dubbing over Alicia Vikander's characters in \"\"The Danish Girl\"\" and \"\"Suffragette\"\". Valentina Favazza Valentina Favazza (born October 10, 1987) is an Italian voice actress. Born in Aosta, Favazza has been active in the Italian dubbing industry since 2005. She is best known for having voiced Jyn Erso in the Italian dub of \"\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\"\" as well as dubbing Daisy Johnson in \"\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"\". Some of the actresses she is known for dubbing includes Felicity Jones, Alicia Vikander, Shailene Woodley,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11669363",
"chunk_text": "\"Emily Mortimer\"\nEmily Mortimer Emily Kathleen Anne Mortimer (born 1 December 1971) is an English actress and screenwriter. She began acting in stage productions and has since appeared in several film and television roles. In 2003, she won an Independent Spirit Award for her performance in \"\"Lovely and Amazing\"\". She is also known for playing roles in the HBO series \"\"The Newsroom\"\", and as the voice actress in the English language version of \"\"Howl's Moving Castle\"\" (2004), \"\"Match Point\"\" (2005), \"\"Lars and the Real Girl\"\" (2007), \"\"Chaos Theory\"\" (2008), \"\"Harry Brown\"\" (2009), \"\"Shutter Island\"\" (2010), \"\"Hugo\"\" (2011), and \"\"Mary Poppins Returns\"\" (2018).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4700414",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars sequel trilogy\"\nTatiana Maslany, Gina Rodriguez, Olivia Cooke, and Bel Powley were on the shortlist for two separate parts. Jimmy Vee was cast as R2-D2, succeeding Kenny Baker, who would die the next year. Some pre-production filming took place in September 2015 on the island of Skellig Michael, Ireland to take advantage of better weather conditions. Abrams revealed that the film's script was completed in a November 2015 interview with \"\"Wired\"\". In December, Hamill, Isaac, Christie, and Boyega were confirmed to reprise their roles as Luke Skywalker, Poe Dameron, Captain Phasma, and Finn, respectively. Kennedy announced at the December 17 London premiere",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8660046",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Phasma\"\nDestroyer \"\"Absolution\"\", where she is interrogated in secret by Cardinal, a stormtrooper captain in red armor. Cardinal seeks information to use against his nemesis, the powerful Captain Phasma. Buying time to stay alive and hopefully effect her escape, Vi tells the extended story of Phasma's origins on the ruined planet Parnassos, as told to her by Siv, one of Phasma's former warriors. The novel was announced at the \"\"Star Wars\"\" Celebration in April 2017, among several works related to \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" sequel film \"\"\"\". A comic book miniseries called \"\"\"\", exploring Phasma's adventures between the films, was announced at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11834040",
"chunk_text": "\"Captain Phasma\"\nof \"\"four or five days\"\"; co-costume designer Dave Crossman described its physical creation as \"\"a complete panic\"\". It took Christie roughly forty-five minutes to put on. A new suit was created for \"\"The Last Jedi\"\", with various tweaks. Its helmet was re-chromed, the fit was altered, and the armor was made \"\"much cleaner and shinier.\"\" The commander of the First Order's stormtroopers, Captain Phasma is described as a \"\"tough veteran commander\"\" and one of a \"\"commanding triumvirate\"\" of the First Order alongside Kylo Ren and General Hux. Christie compared Phasma to Boba Fett in the sense of being a character",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10030856",
"chunk_text": "\"Genevieve O'Reilly\"\nGenevieve O'Reilly Genevieve O'Reilly (born 6 January 1977) is an Irish actress known for her work in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise as Mon Mothma, having portrayed the character in \"\"\"\" and \"\"Rogue One\"\", as well as her voice role as Moira in \"\"Overwatch\"\". In television, O'Reilly's first appearance was in 2001 in the Canadian television series \"\"BeastMaster\"\" as a guest star in \"\"Slayer's Return\"\". The following year O'Reilly appeared in \"\"Young Lions\"\" as Kimberly Oswald in the episode \"\"Asylum Seekers\"\". O'Reilly then appeared as a prominent character in \"\"All Saints\"\" from 2002 - 2005 as Leanne Curtis. From 2011 to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12241149",
"chunk_text": "\"Shelby Young\"\nThat same year, she appeared in the film \"\"The House Sitter\"\" opposite Kate Ashfield. She also starred in the horror-thriller film \"\"A Haunting in Cawdor\"\", which was released in the United Kingdom on October 9, 2015, and in the United States in March 2016. As a voice actress, Young currently plays Princess Leia Organa in the Disney Channel series \"\"Star Wars Forces of Destiny\"\". Young also recorded voice and motion capture for the lead role of Annie in \"\"Dead Rising 3\"\", Becca in \"\"Battlefield 1\"\" and Minnie Smith/Script Supervisor in \"\"\"\". Young also voiced multiple characters in the \"\"Final Fantasy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "122078",
"chunk_text": "\"Carrie Fisher\"\nDaniels, and Kenny Baker, were all cast in their original roles for the film. \"\"Star Wars Episode VII\"\", subtitled \"\"The Force Awakens\"\", was released worldwide on December 18, 2015. Fisher was nominated for a 2016 Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal. In \"\"Rogue One\"\" (2016), which predates the original trilogy, young versions of Leia and the character Grand Moff Tarkin appear through computer animation. Fisher had completed filming her role as Leia in \"\"\"\" (2017) shortly before her death. Director Rian Johnson has stated that many of Fisher's own ideas made it into the film, and that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "122043",
"chunk_text": "\"Carrie Fisher\"\nCarrie Fisher Carrie Frances Fisher (October 21, 1956 – December 27, 2016) was an American actress, writer, and comedian. Fisher is known for playing Princess Leia in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" films, a role for which she was nominated for four Saturn Awards. Her other film credits include \"\"Shampoo\"\" (1975), \"\"The Blues Brothers\"\" (1980), \"\"Hannah and Her Sisters\"\" (1986), \"\"The 'Burbs\"\" (1989), \"\"When Harry Met Sally...\"\" (1989), \"\"Soapdish\"\" (1991), and \"\"The Women\"\" (2008). She was nominated twice for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her performances on the television series \"\"30 Rock\"\" and \"\"Catastrophe\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5583820",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Force Awakens\"\nElle Newlands, Terri Douglas, Robert Stambler, Verona Blue, TJ Falls, Michelle Rejwan, Eugene Byrd, Fred Tatasciore, David Collins, Amanda Foreman, Christopher Scarabosio, Patrick Correll, Karen Huie, Orly Schuchmacher, Emily Towers, Jonathan Dixon, Kat Sheridan, Salacious Crumb actor Mark Dodson, and Gavyn Sykes actor Christian Simpson were the additional voices used in the film. Riot control stormtrooper FN-2199, who calls Finn a traitor during the battle on Takodana, was portrayed by stunt performer Liang Yang and voiced by sound editor David Acord. \"\"Star Wars\"\" creator George Lucas discussed ideas for a sequel trilogy several times after the conclusion of the original",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_988
|
who won so you think you can dance season 13?
|
n/a
|
[
"Kida",
"Leon \"Kida\" Burns"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5125648",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 12)\"\nwon the competition and made history by becoming the first tap dancer to win the title. Auditions were held in Dallas TX, Detroit MI, Los Angeles CA, Memphis TN and New York NY. Series creator and executive producer Nigel Lythgoe returned as a member of the permanent judging panel, along with new permanent members Paula Abdul and Jason Derulo. The Team Captains, Travis Wall for Team Stage and tWitch for Team Street, were consulted on the selections for each team during the Vegas Call Backs. Mary Murphy, who was a permanent judge in seasons 3 through 6 and seasons 8",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19208280",
"chunk_text": "\"Witney Carson\"\nWitney Carson Witney Capri Carson McAllister (born October 17, 1993) is an American professional Latin ballroom dancer and choreographer. She first gained attention in 2012, when the 18-year-old finished ladies' second runner-up in season nine of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". Carson continued her professional dancing career in early 2013 as a troupe dancer in seasons 16 and 17 of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". She was promoted to professional partner in season 18. In season 19, she and her partner Alfonso Ribeiro were announced the winners on November 25, 2014, making her one of six professional dancers to win",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20239435",
"chunk_text": "\"Melanie Moore\"\nMelanie Moore Melanie Moore (born September 17, 1991) is an American actress and professional dancer best known as the winner of the eighth season of the U.S. reality television competition \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". According to the results announced on the broadcast, Moore won \"\"overwhelmingly\"\", garnering 47% of the vote in a four-way final tally. Moore was educated in Marietta, Georgia, where she attended Lassiter High School and was crowned homecoming queen. At the time of the competition, she was a 19-year-old college freshman attending Fordham University at Lincoln Center in New York City. Moore trained and competed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7524378",
"chunk_text": "\"Nick Lazzarini\"\nNick Lazzarini Nick Lazzarini (born August 4, 1984) is an American dancer. He is best known as the first season winner on the Fox reality show \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". He is a trained dancer in jazz, lyrical, hip hop, ballet and modern dance styles. Lazzarini was born to Italian American parents. Lazzarini grew up in Mountain View, California in the San Francisco Bay Area. He graduated from Springer Elementary in Mountain View, California and Blach Intermediate School in Los Altos, California. Lazzarini began attending Showbiz when he was 8 years old. In the early 2000s, he travelled",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7806075",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation (U.S. TV series)\"\nAngeles, CA, Chicago, IL and New York City. 100 dancers were selected by the judges for the Dance Academy portion of the season, in which 10 finalists were selected by, and paired with, \"\"all-stars\"\" from previous seasons, who mentored and performed with them during the live performance episodes. Series creator and executive producer Nigel Lythgoe, along with new permanent members Paula Abdul and Jason Derulo, returned as members of the permanent judging panel and judge the audition rounds. After this, the fourth judge, dancer Maddie Ziegler, who was then 13 years old, joined the show. Season 13 featured a significant",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20060735",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance Canada\"\n11, 2009. Due to the US show airing a fall season, CTV programmed the Canadian version on their network while the US version aired on A. The finale was held October 25, 2009. Contemporary dancer Tara-Jean Popowich of Lethbridge, Alberta was declared the winner, with ballroom dancer Vincent Desjardins of Trois-Rivières, Québec as runner-up, jazz dancer Jayme-Rae Dailey of Montreal in third, and tap dancer Everett Smith of Glen Morris, Ontario in fourth. Both Popowich and Desjardins were awarded a Mazda 3 Sport, and Popowich received $100,000. Leah Miller returned as host in Season 3 and was joined by returning",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12190013",
"chunk_text": "\"Danny Tidwell\"\nDanny Tidwell Daniel Arnold Tidwell (born August 1, 1984 in Norfolk, Virginia) is an American dancer best known for being the runner-up on Fox's third season of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" in 2007. Tidwell began dancing as a child, at first focusing on jazz before changing to ballet while attending Kirov Academy of Ballet at the age of fifteen. He has worked in elite companies, including the American Ballet Theatre. He has also performed the works of renowned choreographers, including Debbie Allen, William Forsythe and Mia Michaels. He is Travis Wall's brother, a runner-up of the second season",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16367259",
"chunk_text": "\"Sabra Johnson\"\nSabra Johnson Sabra Elise Johnson (born July 29, 1987) is an American dancer from Roy, Utah and the Season 3 Champion of the Fox reality television show \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". She was born in the Netherlands, lived nine years in Germany, and after that, nine years in Utah. She now lives in New York while pursuing her dancing career. Johnson started formal dance training at the age of 16 at Dance Impressions in Bountiful, Utah, under the direction of mother-daughter team Kandee Allen and Vivian Colobella. She then moved down to Las Vegas, NV and trained at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18178265",
"chunk_text": "\"Melinda Sullivan\"\nMelinda Sullivan Melinda Sullivan (born September 30, 1987) is an American dancer, choreographer and actress. She is known for her work on the U.S. version of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\", where she was a finalist in the television series' seventh season, and as the 2012 winner of the Capezio A.C.E. Award. That entry, \"\"Gone\"\", debuted in expanded form in New York in August 2013. Born in East Meadow, New York, and raised in Thousand Oaks, California, Sullivan began tap dancing at a studio at age four, turning professional at age 14. \"\"As a young girl, I found the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14011029",
"chunk_text": "\"Joshua Allen\"\nJoshua Allen Joshua Allen (born March 13, 1989) is the winner of the fourth season of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". He had originally auditioned in Dallas, Texas with his friend and fellow contestant, Comfort Fedoke. Allen was announced winner of the show on August 7, 2008, winning $250,000. Allen was born in Fort Worth, Texas. He first started to dance in third grade, at the age of 8. One of his early influences was Michael Jackson, whom Allen emulated by doing the Moonwalk. He also excelled at sports and played football and track. After changing high schools, however,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16367266",
"chunk_text": "\"Sabra Johnson\"\nwith the Urban Dance Group (UDG) where she is choreographing and directing her first full length interactive dance show, 'Between Us'. Sabra Johnson Sabra Elise Johnson (born July 29, 1987) is an American dancer from Roy, Utah and the Season 3 Champion of the Fox reality television show \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". She was born in the Netherlands, lived nine years in Germany, and after that, nine years in Utah. She now lives in New York while pursuing her dancing career. Johnson started formal dance training at the age of 16 at Dance Impressions in Bountiful, Utah, under",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20060738",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance Canada\"\nJune 20, 2011, and the show will continue to air every Monday and Tuesday at 8pm beginning June 27, 2011. The finale was held on September 11, 2011; for the first time in the show's four-season run, six dancers competed in the finale rather than four. Jordan Clark of Tottenham, Ontario was declared the winner, receiving a 2011 Chevy Cruze and $100,000. Melissa Mitro of Richmond Hill, Ontario was runner-up, also receiving a 2011 Chevy Cruze and $10,000. The remaining four finalists — Lindsay Leuschner of Stouffville, Ontario, Matt Marr of Quispamsis, New Brunswick, Christian Millette of Montreal and Shane",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20239437",
"chunk_text": "\"Melanie Moore\"\nin the role. She played the role of Chava in the 2015 Broadway revival of Fiddler on the Roof until the show closed on December 31, 2016. She can currently be seen in the 2017 Broadway revival of Hello Dolly! as Ermengarde. Melanie Moore Melanie Moore (born September 17, 1991) is an American actress and professional dancer best known as the winner of the eighth season of the U.S. reality television competition \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". According to the results announced on the broadcast, Moore won \"\"overwhelmingly\"\", garnering 47% of the vote in a four-way final tally. Moore",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4474728",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 3)\"\ncontestants embarked on a live tour of the United States. Due to the success of the previous tour, this season's engagement was extended to 10 weeks and visited 50 cities. Tickets went on sale 11 August. On the season finale, Hokuto \"\"Hok\"\" Konishi, Shauna Noland, Anya Garnis, and Jesús Solorio were named as alternate performers in the event of injury to any of the top 10. Noland, Garnis, and Jaimie Goodwin had been replacing Lacey Schwimmer in some of her tour routines because of an injury to her meniscus. Australia is currently the only country outside of the United States",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 3)\"\ncrew were asked to leave the studio, which was locked down, before eliminations were announced. \"\"Judges\"\": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy and Dan Karaty \"\"Judges\"\": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy and Mia Michaels \"\"Judges\"\": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy and Debbie Allen ¹ Jessi Peralta was unable to participate in the performance show because she was undergoing medical treatment at the time. Melanie LaPatin danced the Cha-Cha with Pasha instead of Peralta, and only Pasha was credited with the votes for the performance. Peralta was required to perform a solo on the results show, which she was able to do, and was eliminated",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance Canada\"\nMurphy, Dan Karaty, Kenny Ortega, and Mia Michaels, who choreographed a group piece. The finale was held on December 7, 2008. Contemporary dancer Nico Archambault of Montreal was declared the winner, with ballet dancer Allie Bertram of Calgary as runner-up, hip hop dancer Miles Faber of Calgary in third, and Latin dancer Natalli Reznik of Toronto in fourth. Archambault was awarded $100,000 and a 2009 C230 Mercedes-Benz. Auditions for season 2 took place from April to May, 2009 in Vancouver, Edmonton, Saint John, Toronto and Montreal. Leah Miller, Jean-Marc Généreux and Tré Armstrong returned for season 2 which premiered August",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Lauren Gottlieb\"\nLauren Gottlieb Lauren Gottlieb (born June 8, 1988) is an American dancer and actress from Scottsdale, Arizona. She was a contestant on the third season of the reality dance competition \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" and played the lead role in the 2013 Indian dance film \"\"\"\". She was the runner up in the popular Indian television dance show \"\"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 6)\"\" with choreographer and partner Punit Pathak in 2013. She was also a Judge in the Indian television dance show \"\"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa\"\". Gottlieb assisted choreographer Tyce Diorio during the second season of \"\"So You Think",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 8)\"\nin reverse chronological order of elimination. Due to a shoulder injury, Mitchell Kelly was barred from performing in his routine. He was replaced for the evening by season 7's Robert Roldan and was automatically in danger of going home. Note: Now it's up to Top 10, they'll be voted individually by America. Also, new partners randomly picked whether they get a male or female and an All-Star pool. Matt Flint is the winner of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance UK\"\"'s second season, and this performance comprised a portion of his prize package. As opposed to last season, there is",
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 11)\"\ncompetition, and his prizes include $250,000, the chance to appear on the cover of \"\"Dance Spirit\"\" magazine, the offer of a role in the 2014 Broadway revival of the musical \"\"On the Town\"\" as choreographed by one of this season's guest choreographers, Joshua Bergasse, and the title of America's Favorite Dancer. The runner-up was tap dancer Valerie Rockey. This season saw the show eliminate interactive viewer participation by telephone, with producers preferring to divert weekly voting to the show's website and the network's new proprietary smartphone app, a process that reduced the overall number of votes each participating viewer could",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
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"chunk_id": "19346068",
"chunk_text": "\"Jenna Johnson (dancer)\"\nJenna Johnson (dancer) Jenna Michelle Johnson (born April 12, 1994) is an American professional Latin and ballroom dancer and choreographer. She first gained attention in 2013, as she finished ladies' third runner-up on \"\"So You Think You Can Dance: season 10\"\". Johnson continued her professional dancing career on \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", winning her second season with her partner, Olympic figure skater Adam Rippon. Johnson was born and raised in Provo, Utah, the fifth of six children. She has three brothers and two sisters. She started dancing at the age of three, training in different dance styles including ballet, jazz,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "19698325",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance Canada\"\njudges and dance experts Jean-Marc Généreux, Tré Armstrong, Luther Brown and Blake McGrath. Guest judges throughout the five-city audition tour and Finals Week include Edmonton native Stacey Tookey (Calgary auditions), Mary Murphy (Toronto and Vancouver auditions), Mia Michaels (Montreal auditions), Dan Karaty (Halifax auditions), Rex Harrington and Sean Cheesman (Finals Week). The finale was held on October 24, 2010. Ballroom dancer Denys Drozdyuk of Toronto was declared the winner, with contemporary dancer Amanda Cleghorn of Mississauga, Ontario as runner-up, contemporary dancer Jeff Mortensen of Edmonton, Alberta in third, and contemporary dancer Janick Arseneau in fourth. Both Drozdyuk and Cleghorn were",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
},
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"chunk_id": "4923838",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series)\"\nD'umo, Carmen Electra, Brian Friedman, Jean-Marc Généreux, Jason Gilkison, Neil Patrick Harris, Hi-Hat, Katie Holmes, Dan Karaty, Lady Gaga, Carly Rae Jepsen, Lil' C, Rob Marshall, Mandy Moore, Megan Mullally, Kenny Ortega, Toni Redpath, Debbie Reynolds, Wade Robson, Doriana Sanchez, Shane Sparks, Sonya Tayeh, Olisa Thompson, Stacey Tookey, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, and Travis Wall. † From its inception in season 6 and through season 10, the dancer showcase episode represented a non-competitive round with no viewer voting or subsequent eliminations, followed the next week by the first competitive round. In season 11 it was the first episode of the season",
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"chunk_text": "\"Pasha Kovalev\"\nremaining males, contemporary dancers Danny Tidwell and Neil Haskell. Sabra Johnson, the remaining female contemporary dancer, went on to win the competition. Kovalev and Garnis both later took part in the \"\"So You Think You Can Dance Tour\"\". On Season 4, Kovalev assisted Mia Michaels on a Contemporary routine, and he and his partner Anya Garnis choreographed a Cha-Cha routine performed by Courtney Galiano and Gev Manoukian. On Season 5, Kovalev and Garnis choreographed a Samba for Evan Kasprzak and Randi Evans. On Season 6, he and Garnis returned to \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" to lead the choreography",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "2712818",
"chunk_text": "\"Dominic Sandoval\"\nDominic Sandoval Dominic Sandoval (born October 15, 1985) better known as D-Trix is an American dancer and YouTube personality. Sandoval was a contestant on the third season of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" and along with the rest of Quest Crew, winner of the third season of \"\"America's Best Dance Crew\"\". After his win, he became a judge on \"\"ABDC\"\". Sandoval was seen in a 2011 Panic! at the Disco music video for \"\"Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)\"\" as a background dancer. In 2012, Sandoval became the host of the online web series \"\"Dance Showdown\"\".",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_id": "13882903",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (Belgian and Dutch TV series)\"\nthe nations from visiting or working within Cuba. The remaining three judges made the ultimate decision on the season's Top 18 dancers. On the 27 November 2011 finale, ballet dancer Nina Plantefève-Castryck was announced the winner of the fourth season and was awarded a choice of dance school opportunities, a cash prize of €25,000, and a role in a music video of David Guetta. With Anna-Alicia Sklias taking second place, the vote also marked the first time in the show's four seasons that first place and first runner-up both went to female contestants, as well as the first time the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 8)\"\nSo You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 8) So You Think You Can Dance is an American television reality program and dance competition airing on the Fox network. The show's eighth season premiered on May 26, 2011. It features the return of Mary Murphy and Nigel Lythgoe as permanent judges and Cat Deeley as host. Also returning is the selection of a Top 20 for the finals, in contrast to season 7's Top 11. Contemporary dancer Melanie Moore won the season and Sasha Mallory was the runner-up. This is the first season where both the winner and runner-up were",
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 6)\"\nit to the Las Vegas auditions, won the title of \"\"America's Favorite Dancer\"\" and the $250,000 prize. Also in the finale were Jakob Karr in second place, Kathryn McCormick in third place, Ellenore Scott in fourth place, Ashleigh Di Lello in fifth place and Ryan Di Lello in sixth place. Open auditions for this season somewhat overlapped season 5. These auditions for season 6 were held in the following cities after season 5's Las Vegas week, but before season 5's finals started: Lythgoe was accepting an honorary degree from the University of Bedfordshire; therefore, two guest judges were present. \"\"Judges:\"\"",
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"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)\"\n8 perfect scores (a record broken in season 25 by Jordan Fisher) and became the second youngest winner of the show at 17 years old (after season 8 winner Shawn Johnson, who was 3 days younger at the time of her win, and later slipped to third behind season 23 winner Laurie Hernandez, who was 16 years old at the time of her win). This also marked Hough's sixth competitive win, extending his own record for the most wins for a professional dancer on the series. On August 19, 2015, nine professional dancers were revealed during \"\"Good Morning America\"\". Karina",
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"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "20203634",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 5)\"\nSo You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 5) So You Think You Can Dance is a United States television reality program and dance competition airing on the Fox Broadcasting Company network. Season five premiered on May 21, 2009, with Nigel Lythgoe and Mary Murphy returning as permanent judges and Cat Deeley returning to host. Jeanine Mason was crowned America's Favorite Dancer on August 6, 2009, making her the second female to win the show. For the first time, the show moved to a new stage, but it turned out to be the last season at CBS Studios. Open auditions",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
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"chunk_id": "12189908",
"chunk_text": "\"Lauren Gottlieb\"\nfrom the television show \"\"Dance India Dance\"\". Lauren Gottlieb Lauren Gottlieb (born June 8, 1988) is an American dancer and actress from Scottsdale, Arizona. She was a contestant on the third season of the reality dance competition \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" and played the lead role in the 2013 Indian dance film \"\"\"\". She was the runner up in the popular Indian television dance show \"\"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 6)\"\" with choreographer and partner Punit Pathak in 2013. She was also a Judge in the Indian television dance show \"\"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa\"\". Gottlieb assisted choreographer Tyce Diorio during",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 19)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 19) Season nineteen of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 15, 2014. On November 25, 2014, Alfonso Ribeiro and his partner Witney Carson were crowned champions. The runners-up were Sadie Robertson and Mark Ballas, and Janel Parrish and Valentin Chmerkovskiy came in third. Ribeiro was the first male celebrity to win since Donald Driver in season 14, and it was Carson's first win—she is the first former \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" contestant turned \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" professional to win. Cheryl Burke, who was featured on every season of the show",
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 7)\"\nSo You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 7) So You Think You Can Dance is a United States television reality program and dance competition airing on the Fox Broadcasting Company network. Season seven premiered on May 27, 2010. In the August 12 finale, contemporary/jazz dancer Lauren Froderman was named \"\"America's Favorite Dancer\"\" and received the grand prize of $250,000, as well as an appearance on the cover of \"\"Dance Spirit\"\" magazine and in print advertising for Gatorade. Contemporary dancers Kent Boyd and Robert Roldan were named runner-up and third-place finisher, respectively. Nigel Lythgoe and Adam Shankman returned as permanent",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
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"chunk_text": "\"Heidi Groskreutz\"\nHeidi Groskreutz Heidi Groskreutz (born September 3, 1981) is an American ballroom dancer, specializing in the fields of Latin and swing dancing. She is known for making the final in the second season of the Fox TV series \"\"So You Think You Can Dance. Heidi Groskreutz, born September 3, 1981, is an award-winning dancer from Cliffside Park, New Jersey, and raised in Newport Beach, California. She specializes in Latin and swing dancing, and as of 2006, is a six-time U.S. Open Swing Dance champion. She has also the winner of the World Invitation Swing Dance Championship and many other top",
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 7)\"\nDominic Sandoval from Season 3, Courtney Galiano from Season 4, Ade Obayomi from Season 5 and Kathryn McCormick from Season 6. Also featured was the winner of Season 6, Russell Ferguson. So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 7) So You Think You Can Dance is a United States television reality program and dance competition airing on the Fox Broadcasting Company network. Season seven premiered on May 27, 2010. In the August 12 finale, contemporary/jazz dancer Lauren Froderman was named \"\"America's Favorite Dancer\"\" and received the grand prize of $250,000, as well as an appearance on the cover of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "2976049",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13) Season thirteen of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 19, 2011. Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as the judges, and Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke Charvet returned as hosts. Twelve couples competed in this season. Starting this season, Alan Dedicoat, the announcer, introduces Harold Wheeler and his band after the introduction of the remaining competitors. Actor J.R. Martinez won the competition with over 9 million votes. Rob Kardashian and Ricki Lake took second and third places, respectively. Nine professional partners—Derek Hough, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Cheryl Burke, Tony Dovolani, Mark",
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (Belgian and Dutch TV series)\"\nand the dancers are selected purely by viewer vote. The season ends with a Top 4 dancers and a finale in which the champion is announced. The first season was presented by singer EliZe. The permanent members of the judge's panel consisted of Dan Karaty, Jaako Toivonen and Euvgenia Parakhina. The finale was broadcast on 11 December 2008 and concluded with the announcement of Ivan Paulovich as the first winner of the competition. Paulovich won a dance study of choice in America, €20.000, and a dance solo in the musical \"\"Footloose\"\". Timor Steffens was the runner-up. The second season saw",
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"chunk_text": "\"Witney Carson\"\nthe role of Jennifer. She joins former \"\"SYTYCD\"\" winners Russell Ferguson (season 6), and Chehon Wespi-Tschopp (season 9). Witney Carson Witney Capri Carson McAllister (born October 17, 1993) is an American professional Latin ballroom dancer and choreographer. She first gained attention in 2012, when the 18-year-old finished ladies' second runner-up in season nine of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\". Carson continued her professional dancing career in early 2013 as a troupe dancer in seasons 16 and 17 of \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\". She was promoted to professional partner in season 18. In season 19, she and her partner Alfonso",
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. TV series)\"\nand dance artist Jason Derulo, and successful show alumni and season 4 runner-up Stephen \"\"tWitch\"\" Boss. Many earlier seasons frequently featured guest judges in occasional episodes, though this practice has become increasingly rare. These guest judge positions have typically been filled by choreographers who work regularly on the show (who in rare cases may also be former contestants themselves) and by iconic names from the entertainment industry. Guest judges for the show have included: Debbie Allen, Christina Applegate, Robin Antin, Toni Basil, Cicely Bradley, Kristin Chenoweth, Misty Copeland, Alex Da Silva, Ellen DeGeneres, Tyce Diorio, Joey Dowling, Napoleon and Tabitha",
"is_relevant": null,
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},
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 11)\"\nSo You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 11) So You Think You Can Dance, an American dance competition show, returned for its eleventh season on Wednesday, May 28, 2014. The commission of an eleventh season was first announced by series creator Nigel Lythgoe on the September 10, 2013, telecast of the season 10 finale. The season again features Lythgoe, who also serves as executive producer, and ballroom expert Mary Murphy as the two permanent members of the judge's panel while Cat Deeley continues in her role as host for a tenth consecutive season. Contemporary dancer Ricky Ubeda won the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "4474725",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 3)\"\noffend anyone. The song played for the females' elimination was Ryan Cabrera's \"\"I Will Remember You\"\". The song played for the males' elimination was Audio Adrenaline's \"\"Goodbye\"\". Contestants are in reverse chronological order of elimination. ¹ Because Jessi Peralta was unable to participate in the performance show, she had to perform a solo despite not technically being in the bottom three couples. ² Because Fox aired NFL coverage during the regular Thursday time slot, the results broadcast was pre-recorded and moved to the following Monday. In order to keep the results from leaking before the airing, the audience and nonessential",
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"chunk_id": "19698318",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance Canada\"\n\"\"Canada's Favourite Dancer\"\", and received a prize of CDN $100,000 and a new car. In Seasons 2 and 3, the runner-up also received a new car. The show was hosted by former \"\"ETalk\"\" correspondent and \"\"MuchMusic\"\" VJ Leah Miller. The judging panel featured two permanent judges, Jean-Marc Généreux and Tré Armstrong, and usually two rotating guest judge spots. Over the years, guest judges have included Karen Kain and Rex Harrington from the National Ballet of Canada, \"\"High School Musical\"\" director Kenny Ortega, well-known Broadway choreographer Sergio Trujillo, and Mary Murphy and Dan Karaty, who are both veteran judges on the",
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"page_id": 40
},
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 14)\"\nSo You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 14) So You Think You Can Dance, an American dance competition show, returned for its fourteenth season on Monday, June 12, 2017. The new season's judge panel once again features series creator Nigel Lythgoe (who also serves as executive producer), as well as the return of ballroom expert Mary Murphy, along with new permanent member Vanessa Hudgens joining the panel of judges, while Cat Deeley continues in her role as host for a thirteenth consecutive season. Open auditions for season 14 were held in two cities beginning in March 2017. The season",
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"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 5)\"\nalso announced that Phillip Chbeeb and Caitlin Kinney would also be going on the tour as swing dancers since they made it to the top 12 before being cut. So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 5) So You Think You Can Dance is a United States television reality program and dance competition airing on the Fox Broadcasting Company network. Season five premiered on May 21, 2009, with Nigel Lythgoe and Mary Murphy returning as permanent judges and Cat Deeley returning to host. Jeanine Mason was crowned America's Favorite Dancer on August 6, 2009, making her the second female",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 42
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"chunk_id": "7074457",
"chunk_text": "\"So You Think You Can Dance (U.S. season 4)\"\n<nowiki>*</nowiki> It was reported on July 14, 2008 that Jessica King was injured and as a result could not continue in the competition. Comfort Fedoke returned to the show in place of King. \"\"Judges\"\": Nigel Lythgoe, Mary Murphy, Debbie Allen, Lil' C, Adam Shankman, Mia Michaels Tyce Diorio, along with Rob Ashford from \"\"81st Academy Awards\"\" were joint-winners. It is broadcast on the Canadian channels, CTV and MuchMusic, and also on Fox Life in Poland. It is also broadcast on TVNorge in Norway and Nelonen in Finland! It is also broadcast on Channel 10 in Australia and on AXN in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 43
},
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"chunk_id": "9013193",
"chunk_text": "\"Heidi Groskreutz\"\non the same 100th episode. Heidi and her cousin Benji performed this summer at Orlando Florida for the Tremaine Dance Competition. Heidi Groskreutz Heidi Groskreutz (born September 3, 1981) is an American ballroom dancer, specializing in the fields of Latin and swing dancing. She is known for making the final in the second season of the Fox TV series \"\"So You Think You Can Dance. Heidi Groskreutz, born September 3, 1981, is an award-winning dancer from Cliffside Park, New Jersey, and raised in Newport Beach, California. She specializes in Latin and swing dancing, and as of 2006, is a six-time",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
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"chunk_id": "1120794",
"chunk_text": "\"Charlie Bruce\"\nCharlie Bruce Charlotte \"\"Charlie\"\" Bruce (born 1990), is a British jazz dancer from Cropston, Leicestershire, who won the first series of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance (UK)\"\". She trained in dance at Tring Park School for the Performing Arts (previously the Arts Educational School Tring) and both dance and musical theatre at Laine Theatre Arts, a performing arts college in Epsom, Surrey. She was the youngest contestant in SYTYCD. Born in Melton Mowbray, and raised in Cropston, Bruce began dancing at the age of three, taking lessons from the age of seven at the Charnwood Dance School, and receiving",
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},
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"chunk_id": "19813757",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 14)\"\nand Hines Ward won season twelve. The 12 celebrities and professional dancers who competed were: All the professionals from season 13 returned—except for Lacey Schwimmer, who was replaced by Chelsie Hightower. Two new professionals were added into the Dance Troupe: Henry Byalikov and Emma Slater. They joined Sharna Burgess, Kiki Nyemchek, Oksana Dmyrtenko, and Sasha Farber. There was one dance for each finalist that they did not perform: Donald Driver did not perform the salsa, William Levy did not perform the waltz, and Katherine Jenkins did not perform an individual tango (Jenkins only did the tango for team dances in",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 46
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20429123",
"chunk_text": "\"Strictly Come Dancing (series 13)\"\non 19 December. McGuiness became the first celebrity since Louis Smith in series 10 to win the show without falling into the bottom two dance-off during the series, as well being the first since Kara Tointon in series 8 to win without achieving a perfect 40 score during the competition. Vilani also became the first professional in the show's history to win the show for a second time, after previously winning with Harry Judd in series 9. This series also saw long standing professional Anton du Beke reach the final for the first time, with Katie Derham, and Kevin Clifton",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 47
},
{
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"chunk_id": "16449818",
"chunk_text": "\"Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)\"\nDancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21) Season twenty-one of the American television competition series \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\" premiered on September 14, 2015. On November 24, 2015, Bindi Irwin and her partner Derek Hough were crowned champions. Nick Carter and Sharna Burgess finished second, Alek Skarlatos and Lindsay Arnold placed third. This season set records for the total number of perfect scores awarded (23) and the number of stars to receive at least one perfect score with 7 (Bindi Irwin, Nick Carter, Alek Skarlatos, Carlos PenaVega, Tamar Braxton, Alexa PenaVega, and Andy Grammer). Irwin also set a record with",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11727929",
"chunk_text": "\"Benji Schwimmer\"\ndeath by suicide of three gay friends. Benji Schwimmer Benjamin Daniel Schwimmer (born January 18, 1984) is an American professional dancer, choreographer and actor. He was the winner of the second season of \"\"So You Think You Can Dance\"\" (2006) and has choreographed for both the U.S. and the international versions of the show. He co-starred in the 2010 film \"\"Leading Ladies\"\". Schwimmer was born on January 18, 1984 in Newport Beach, California, and grew up in a Latter-day Saint (Mormon) household in Moreno Valley, California. He is the son of choreographer and West Coast Swing dancer Buddy Schwimmer. His",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_989
|
who wrote when a man loves a woman?
|
n/a
|
[
"Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright",
"Calvin Lewis",
"Percy Sledge",
"Andrew Wright"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
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"chunk_id": "15662100",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\nWhen a Man Loves a Woman (song) \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" is a song written by Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright and first recorded by Percy Sledge in 1966 at Norala Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. It made number one on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts. Singer and actress Bette Midler recorded the song 14 years later and had a Top 40 hit with her version in 1980. In 1991, Michael Bolton recorded the song and his version peaked at number one on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart and the \"\"Billboard\"\" Adult Contemporary",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "14810848",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\non the old \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 charting system which relied on sales and airplay reports before switching over to Soundscan. Also, with the Percy Sledge original having reached number one previously, Bolton's version made it the seventh song in history to top the Hot 100 as recorded by multiple artists. When a Man Loves a Woman (song) \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" is a song written by Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright and first recorded by Percy Sledge in 1966 at Norala Sound Studio in Sheffield, Alabama. It made number one on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and R&B",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
},
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"chunk_id": "17617839",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Sledge\"\nPercy Sledge Percy Tyrone Sledge (November 25, 1941 – April 14, 2015) was an American R&B, soul and gospel singer. He is best known for the song \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\", a No. 1 hit on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts in 1966. It was awarded a million-selling, Gold-certified disc from the RIAA. Having previously worked as a hospital orderly in the early 1960s, Sledge achieved his strongest success in the late 1960s and early 1970s with a series of emotional soul songs. In later years, Sledge received the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Career",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
},
{
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"chunk_id": "15209355",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (film)\"\nWhen a Man Loves a Woman (film) When a Man Loves a Woman is a 1994 American romantic drama film written by Al Franken and Ronald Bass, starring Andy García, Meg Ryan, Tina Majorino, Mae Whitman, Ellen Burstyn, Lauren Tom and Philip Seymour Hoffman. For her performance as an alcoholic mother, Ryan received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Female Actor in a Leading Role. The film's title is taken from the song of the same name by Percy Sledge. The film chronicles one woman's (Meg Ryan) alcoholism and her husband's (Andy García) efforts to help her. Meg",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16793017",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (Jody Watley song)\"\nWhen a Man Loves a Woman (Jody Watley song) \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" is a song by Jody Watley, released as the final single from her fourth album, \"\"Intimacy\"\". While \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" peaked at #115 on the U.S. pop chart, it had a significantly more successful showing on the R&B chart, where it landed at number 11. Also, \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" peaked at #33 in the UK, making it Watley's first Top 40 hit since \"\"Friends\"\" peaked at number 21 in 1989. In 1994, \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" was",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7845212",
"chunk_text": "\"Bernie Hanighen\"\nmy own name - not as anybody's damn vocalist, but Billie Holiday period, and then the list of musicians backing me. Bernie Hanighen is a great guy. Bernie Hanighen Bernard D. Hanighen (April 27, 1908, Omaha, Nebraska – October 19, 1976, New York City, New York) was an American songwriter and record producer best known for \"\"When a Woman Loves a Man\"\" and writing lyrics to the jazz composition \"\"'Round Midnight\"\" which was composed by jazz musician Thelonious Monk. Hanighen also worked with Clarence Williams and Johnny Mercer. Hanighen composed lyrics for the 1946 Broadway musical \"\"Lute Song\"\", which starred",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1010381",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (film)\"\nmoral atmosphere of dogged and literal-minded persistence\"\" which \"\"overvalues its own sobriety\"\". Roger Ebert, himself a recovering alcoholic, wrote review of the movie praising its artistic qualities just in passing (“I couldn't find a false note in Ryan's performance - and only one in Garcia's …”) but spending more time on its description of the role of the family enablers in development of alcoholism. When a Man Loves a Woman (film) When a Man Loves a Woman is a 1994 American romantic drama film written by Al Franken and Ronald Bass, starring Andy García, Meg Ryan, Tina Majorino, Mae Whitman,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17617848",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Sledge\"\nbehind the Australian language term \"\"to sledge\"\", meaning \"\"to put someone off their game\"\", first used in Test cricket, though the phrase more probably derives from \"\"subtle as a sledgehammer\"\". Percy Sledge Percy Tyrone Sledge (November 25, 1941 – April 14, 2015) was an American R&B, soul and gospel singer. He is best known for the song \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\", a No. 1 hit on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts in 1966. It was awarded a million-selling, Gold-certified disc from the RIAA. Having previously worked as a hospital orderly in the early 1960s,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17686738",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Woman Loves a Man (Lee Roy Parnell song)\"\nWhen a Woman Loves a Man (Lee Roy Parnell song) \"\"When a Woman Loves a Man\"\" is a song written by Rafe VanHoy and Mark Luna, and recorded by American country music singer Lee Roy Parnell with Trisha Yearwood providing harmony. It was released in August 1995 as the second single from his album \"\"We All Get Lucky Sometimes\"\". The song spent 20 weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts, peaking at number 12 in 1996. The music video was directed by Steven Goldmann and premiered in August 1995. \"\"When a Woman Loves a Man\"\" debuted at number 67 on",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 8
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14810841",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\nSingles chart. The song was initially recorded by Percy Sledge at Rick Hall's FAME Studios at Muscle Shoals, before being re-recorded at the nearby Norala Studios owned by Quin Ivy. The sidemen for the recording included Spooner Oldham, Farfisa organ; Marlin Greene, guitar; Albert \"\"Junior\"\" Lowe, double bass and Roger Hawkins, drums. Andrew Wright and Calvin Lewis did not play on the record. Rick Hall arranged a distribution deal with Atlantic Records, but Jerry Wexler asked that the song be re-recorded because the horns were out of tune. According to musician David Hood, \"\"They went back in the studio and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14810847",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\nWhat a song that would be with that feeling you had!\"\" It was a song that was meant to be. It wasn't just what I had done; it was the musicians, the producer, the background singers, the right time. \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" was recorded by singer Michael Bolton in 1991 for his album \"\"Time, Love & Tenderness\"\". His version of the song reached number one on the U.S. pop and adult contemporary singles charts. Bolton also received a Grammy Award for this song. This version has the distinction of being the last number one song to chart",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14810845",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\nthe song is credited to Lewis and Wright, Sledge later said that he should have received a co-writing credit. In one story, Sledge said that one night he was upset over a broken relationship and asked Lewis and Wright to play a slow blues over which he improvised lyrics describing his emotions; Quin Ivy was at the show and asked the band to refine the lyrics so that it could be recorded. Sledge said that he allowed Lewis and Wright to take the writing credits because they gave him the opportunity \"\"to sing his heart out\"\". In another interview, Sledge",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7845210",
"chunk_text": "\"Bernie Hanighen\"\nBernie Hanighen Bernard D. Hanighen (April 27, 1908, Omaha, Nebraska – October 19, 1976, New York City, New York) was an American songwriter and record producer best known for \"\"When a Woman Loves a Man\"\" and writing lyrics to the jazz composition \"\"'Round Midnight\"\" which was composed by jazz musician Thelonious Monk. Hanighen also worked with Clarence Williams and Johnny Mercer. Hanighen composed lyrics for the 1946 Broadway musical \"\"Lute Song\"\", which starred Mary Martin and Yul Brynner, and which featured music by Raymond Scott. Bernie Hanighen and Cootie Williams collaborated to transform Thelonious Monk's bop masterpiece \"\"'Round Midnight\"\", creating",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16793018",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (Jody Watley song)\"\nreleased in the UK with alternate gay-themed mixes by progressive house/trance outfit, BBG. The BBG mixes substituted the gender roles in their titles, hence they were \"\"When a Man Loves a Man\"\" and \"\"When a Woman Loves a Woman\"\". Watley's willingness to discuss gay issues was unprecedented at the time and still remains a rarity among artists to this day. When a Man Loves a Woman (Jody Watley song) \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" is a song by Jody Watley, released as the final single from her fourth album, \"\"Intimacy\"\". While \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" peaked at",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 13
},
{
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"chunk_id": "20246936",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Woman Loves a Man (Lee Roy Parnell song)\"\nthe U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of September 9, 1995. When a Woman Loves a Man (Lee Roy Parnell song) \"\"When a Woman Loves a Man\"\" is a song written by Rafe VanHoy and Mark Luna, and recorded by American country music singer Lee Roy Parnell with Trisha Yearwood providing harmony. It was released in August 1995 as the second single from his album \"\"We All Get Lucky Sometimes\"\". The song spent 20 weeks on the Hot Country Songs charts, peaking at number 12 in 1996. The music video was directed by Steven Goldmann and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19231414",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves\"\nWhen a Man Loves When a Man Loves is a 1927 American silent historical drama film directed by Alan Crosland and produced and distributed by Warner Bros.. The picture stars John Barrymore and features Dolores Costello in the frequently filmed story of Abbe Prevost's 1731 novel \"\"Manon Lescaut\"\". The UK release title was His Lady. The film was the third feature from Warners to have a pre-recorded Vitaphone soundtrack. Chevalier Fabien des Grieux, who has forsworn the world for the church, falls passionately in love with young Manon Lescaut when he encounters her en route to a convent with her",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17617841",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Sledge\"\nSledge's soulful voice was perfect for the series of soul ballads produced by Ivy and Marlin Greene, which rock critic Dave Marsh called \"\"emotional classics for romantics of all ages\"\". \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" was Sledge's first song recorded under the contract, and was released in March 1966. According to Sledge, the inspiration for the song came when his girlfriend left him for a modelling career after he was laid off from a construction job in late 1965, and, because bassist Calvin Lewis and organist Andrew Wright helped him with the song, he gave all the songwriting credits",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 16
},
{
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"chunk_id": "14810843",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\npeaking at number two in 1987 on the UK Singles Chart after it was featured in a Levi's Jeans commercial. The Percy Sledge version is listed 53rd in \"\"Rolling Stone\"\"'s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Also in 1987, it was reissued in the US to promote the soundtrack album for Oliver Stone's film \"\"Platoon\"\". Calvin Lewis and Andrew Wright were members of the Esquires, a band in Sheffield, Alabama fronted by singer Percy Sledge. According to Wright, \"\"We were set to play a Friday night dance, and we were practicing ... I was messing around on the organ when",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
},
{
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"chunk_id": "3438685",
"chunk_text": "\"Quin Ivy\"\nHughes. In 1965, Ivy opened his Quinvy recording studio, where he produced the Percy Sledge single \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" which went to number one on the Billboard charts. He set up the Quinvy (independently distributed) and South Camp labels (distributed by Atlantic Records) before leaving the music business in the 1970s to gain an MBA degree from The University of Mississippi. He then taught accounting at the University of North Alabama until his retirement. Quin Ivy Quin Ivy (born 1937) is an American former disc jockey turned songwriter and record producer, crucial to the Muscle Shoals scene",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
},
{
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"chunk_id": "13465478",
"chunk_text": "\"When You Love a Woman\"\nWhen You Love a Woman \"\"When You Love a Woman\"\" is a song by American rock band Journey. It is the third track from their 1996 album \"\"Trial by Fire\"\" and was released as the lead single from that album in July 1996. The song reached #1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Adult Contemporary chart, where it remained for four weeks in December 1996. It hit #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #57 on the Top Hot 100 Hits of 1997, as well as being a Top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart, reaching #9. It is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17572056",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Grayson\"\nJack Grayson Jack Lebsock is an American country music artist, also known as Jack Grayson, \"\"Blackjack\"\" Jack Grayson and Jack Grayson and Blackjack. He recorded under various labels between 1973 and 1984, charting thirteen times on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles (now Hot Country Songs) charts. Grayson's biggest chart hit is a No. 18-peaking cover of Percy Sledge's \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman.\"\" Lebsock was also, in the 1970s, a writer for ABC Music Publishing, having written songs for Roy Clark. He also wrote three of Freddie Hart's singles: \"\"Bless Your Heart\"\", \"\"Super Kind of Woman\"\", and \"\"The First",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1386781",
"chunk_text": "\"Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area\"\nblues because W.C. Handy is credited by many as the father of the Blues. Since the 1970s, 80s, and to some extent even today, The Shoals has been home to a thriving recording industry, particularly based on the sensational output of FAME Studios and Muscle Shoals Sound Studio. In the FAME Studios, Dan Penn, Spooner Oldham, Chips Moman, and Rick Hall made soul music including the hit song by Percy Sledge, \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\". Rock groups and musicians including The Rolling Stones, Julian Lennon and Lynyrd Skynyrd have recorded there. During late July and early August, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15662102",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\nchanged the horns, got different horn players to play on it. But then the tapes got mixed up and Atlantic put out their original version. So that's the hit.\"\" Released by Atlantic Records in April 1966, Sledge's recording reached number one on both the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and R&B singles charts, becoming the first number 1 hit recorded in Muscle Shoals. It is also one of seven number 1 hits to debut on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 at number 100. The single was also a top ten hit in the UK reaching number four on its initial release and ultimately",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17572057",
"chunk_text": "\"Jack Grayson\"\nTime\"\". Jack Grayson Jack Lebsock is an American country music artist, also known as Jack Grayson, \"\"Blackjack\"\" Jack Grayson and Jack Grayson and Blackjack. He recorded under various labels between 1973 and 1984, charting thirteen times on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles (now Hot Country Songs) charts. Grayson's biggest chart hit is a No. 18-peaking cover of Percy Sledge's \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman.\"\" Lebsock was also, in the 1970s, a writer for ABC Music Publishing, having written songs for Roy Clark. He also wrote three of Freddie Hart's singles: \"\"Bless Your Heart\"\", \"\"Super Kind of Woman\"\", and \"\"The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
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"chunk_id": "19144766",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Woman Loves (album)\"\nWhen a Woman Loves (album) When a Woman Loves is the fourteenth solo album released by singer Patti LaBelle, her sixth ever on the MCA Records label. The album was released on October 24, 2000. By 2000, Patti LaBelle had achieved solo success with at least one platinum album and four gold albums. Four of the certified successes were with MCA Records, a company she had been an artist with since 1985. With the guidance of the label and with her husband, Armstead Edwards, LaBelle had finally achieved the solo success that had mostly eluded her since leaving the flashy",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
},
{
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"chunk_id": "2879797",
"chunk_text": "\"When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman\"\nWhen You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman \"\"When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman\"\" is a popular single by Dr. Hook. It was recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, Alabama. Written by Even Stevens, who followed producer Ron Haffkine into the studio bathroom to pitch him the song. \"\"When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman\"\" first appeared on the band's 1978 album \"\"Pleasure and Pain\"\". Riding the disco wave in 1979 it belatedly became an international hit, reaching number six on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 singles chart in the USA and doing even better in the UK",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16893613",
"chunk_text": "\"Rick Hall\"\n\"\"white fiddler who became an unlikely force in soul music\"\". In 1966, he helped license Percy Sledge's \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\", produced by Quin Ivy, to Atlantic Records, which then led to a regular arrangement under which Atlantic would send musicians to Hall's Muscle Shoals studio to record. The studio produced further hit records for Wilson Pickett, James & Bobby Purify, Aretha Franklin, Clarence Carter, Otis Redding, and Arthur Conley, enhancing Hall's reputation as a white Southern producer who could produce and engineer hits for black Southern soul singers. He produced many sessions using guitarist Duane Allman. He",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18256981",
"chunk_text": "\"A Woman in Love\"\nA Woman in Love \"\"A Woman in Love\"\" is a popular song. It was written by Frank Loesser and was published in 1955, introduced in Samuel Goldwyn's 1955 cinematic adaptation of the Broadway musical \"\"Guys and Dolls.\"\" The biggest hit version of the song was recorded by The Four Aces, backed by the Jack Pleis Orchestra. It was recorded on October 18, 1955, and released in the United States by Decca Records as catalog number 29725 (as a 78 rpm record) and 9-29725 (as a 45 rpm record). The quartet's version went to number 20 on The Best Seller List.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17956439",
"chunk_text": "\"Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?\"\nHave You Ever Really Loved a Woman? \"\"Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?\"\" is a song written by Bryan Adams, Michael Kamen and Robert John \"\"Mutt\"\" Lange, and recorded by Adams for the film \"\"Don Juan DeMarco\"\". The melody is used as a musical motif throughout the film, and the song is featured three times in the movie, twice performed by other artists in Spanish, and finally performed by Adams himself during the closing credits. The Adams version of the song, which features flamenco guitarist Paco de Lucia, is featured on the soundtrack album and also on the album",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1788111",
"chunk_text": "\"A Woman's Love\"\nA Woman's Love \"\"A Woman's Love\"\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. Jackson originally recorded the song on his 1998 album \"\"High Mileage\"\". This version was the b-side to the album's single \"\"Right on the Money\"\". In 2006, Jackson re-recorded the song for his album \"\"Like Red on a Rose\"\". This version was released in January 2007 as the album's second and final single. The song explores a man's thoughts on being loved. The 2007 re-recording features twin electric guitar played by Ron Block. Deborah Evans Price, of \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine reviewed the song",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2080606",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Woman Loves (song)\"\nWhen a Woman Loves (song) \"\"When a Woman Loves\"\" is the first single by singer R. Kelly from his eleventh studio album \"\"Love Letter\"\". The song peaked at number 93 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100; and it was promoted with a music video directed by Kelly and Jeremy Rall. In 2011 R. Kelly was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance, but lost. The music video is directed by Jeremy Rall, who also directed kellys later music video \"\"Radio Message\"\". \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" commented that the song \"\"has a classic throwback vibe unlike almost anything in his recent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4778712",
"chunk_text": "\"Love of a Woman\"\nLove of a Woman \"\"Love of a Woman\"\" is a song written by Kevin Brandt, and recorded by American country music artist Travis Tritt. It was released in June 2001 as the third single from his album \"\"Down the Road I Go\"\". It peaked at number 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks, as did Travis Tritt's previous single \"\"It's a Great Day to Be Alive\"\". It also peaked at number 39 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Chuck Taylor, of \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine reviewed the song favorably calling it \"\"a gorgeous, understated ballad about the virtues of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1128437",
"chunk_text": "\"Have You Ever Loved a Woman\"\nHave You Ever Loved a Woman \"\"Have You Ever Loved a Woman\"\" is a blues song written by Billy Myles and first recorded by American blues artist Freddie King in 1961. The song is performed as a slow blues with King's vocal and guitar accompanied by a small combo of pianist Sonny Thompson, bassist Bill Willis, and drummer Phillip Paul. When it was released by Federal Records in 1961, only the B-side to King's single, \"\"You've Got to Love Her with a Feeling\"\" reached the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 pop chart. The song was included on King's first album, \"\"Freddy King",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16078197",
"chunk_text": "\"Spooner Oldham\"\nSpooner Oldham Dewey Lindon \"\"Spooner\"\" Oldham (born June 14, 1943) is an American songwriter and session musician. An organist, he recorded in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, at FAME Studios as part of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section on such hit R&B songs as Percy Sledge's \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\", Wilson Pickett's \"\"Mustang Sally\"\", and Aretha Franklin's \"\"I Never Loved a Man\"\". As a songwriter, Oldham teamed with Dan Penn to write such hits as \"\"Cry Like a Baby\"\" (the Box Tops), \"\"I'm Your Puppet\"\" (James and Bobby Purify), and \"\"A Woman Left Lonely\"\" and \"\"It Tears Me Up\"\" (Percy",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2080607",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Woman Loves (song)\"\ncatalog.\"\" When a Woman Loves (song) \"\"When a Woman Loves\"\" is the first single by singer R. Kelly from his eleventh studio album \"\"Love Letter\"\". The song peaked at number 93 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100; and it was promoted with a music video directed by Kelly and Jeremy Rall. In 2011 R. Kelly was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance, but lost. The music video is directed by Jeremy Rall, who also directed kellys later music video \"\"Radio Message\"\". \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" commented that the song \"\"has a classic throwback vibe unlike almost anything in his",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1199434",
"chunk_text": "\"Spooner Oldham\"\nin 2009 as a sideman. In 2014, he was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame. Spooner Oldham Dewey Lindon \"\"Spooner\"\" Oldham (born June 14, 1943) is an American songwriter and session musician. An organist, he recorded in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, at FAME Studios as part of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section on such hit R&B songs as Percy Sledge's \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\", Wilson Pickett's \"\"Mustang Sally\"\", and Aretha Franklin's \"\"I Never Loved a Man\"\". As a songwriter, Oldham teamed with Dan Penn to write such hits as \"\"Cry Like a Baby\"\" (the Box Tops), \"\"I'm",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
},
{
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"chunk_id": "6564635",
"chunk_text": "\"The Rose (soundtrack)\"\nand released posthumously. Midler's portrayal of The Rose, which was her acting debut, earned her an Oscar nomination for Best Actress in 1980 and became the start of her career in movies. The first single to be lifted off the soundtrack was Midler's rendition of Percy Sledge's \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" which became a moderate chart hit, peaking at #35 on \"\"Billboard\"\"'s single chart. The studio recorded title track (written by Amanda McBroom) which closes the album however became a top 3 hit for Midler, and also a #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart, and today counts as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14810846",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\nsaid:When I wrote the song at first, it was called \"\"Why Did You Leave Me Baby\"\". And I changed it from that to \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\". I just reversed it. Quin told me that if I was to write some lyrics around that melody and the expression I'd put into \"\"Why Did You Leave Me Baby\"\", he believed it would've been a hit record. He was one of the top disc jockeys at that time. Sure enough, he asked me if I had any lyrics for that. He said, \"\"That's it! Write a story around that title!",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17617842",
"chunk_text": "\"Percy Sledge\"\nto them. It reached No. 1 in the US and went on to become an international hit. When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" was a hit twice in the UK, reaching No. 4 in 1966 and, on reissue, peaked at No. 2 in 1987. The song was also the first gold record released by Atlantic Records. The soul anthem became the cornerstone of Sledge's career, and was followed by \"\"Warm and Tender Love\"\" (covered by British singer Elkie Brooks in 1981), \"\"It Tears Me Up\"\", \"\"Take Time to Know Her\"\" (his second biggest US hit, reaching No. 11; the song's",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2983500",
"chunk_text": "\"Donna Jean Godchaux\"\nDonna Jean Godchaux Donna Jean Thatcher Godchaux-MacKay (born August 22, 1947) is an American singer, best known for having been a member of the Grateful Dead from 1972 until 1979. Donna Jean Thatcher was born in Florence, Alabama. Prior to 1970, she had worked as a session singer in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, eventually singing with a group called Southern Comfort and appearing as a backup singer on at least two #1 hit songs: \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" by Percy Sledge in 1966 and \"\"Suspicious Minds\"\" by Elvis Presley in 1969. Her vocals were featured on other classic recordings",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12872057",
"chunk_text": "\"A Woman in Love (Ronnie Milsap song)\"\nA Woman in Love (Ronnie Milsap song) \"\"A Woman in Love\"\" is a song written by Curtis Wright and Doug Millett, and recorded by American country music singer Ronnie Milsap. It was released in September 1989 as the third single from the album \"\"Stranger Things Have Happened\"\". It was his last song to reach number one on the U.S. country singles chart. The song tells the story of man who is confused with the way women in love behave. For an example, during the chorus, Ronnie sings the following line: \"\"You \"\"never know\"\" with a woman in love.\"\" \"\"A Woman",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8206917",
"chunk_text": "\"Love a Woman\"\nLove a Woman \"\"Love a Woman\"\" is a song recorded by American R&B singer Mary J. Blige featuring Beyoncé from the former's tenth studio album \"\"My Life II... The Journey Continues (Act 1)\"\" (2011). It was written by Mary J. Blige, Beyoncé, Sean Garrett and Menardini Timothee while production was handled by Garrett, Team S. Dot and BridgeTown. Originally written for Beyoncé's fourth studio album \"\"4\"\" (2011), the singer felt that it did not fit with the sound she had created for her album, and she thought that it would be better if she recorded it as a duet with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16225990",
"chunk_text": "\"Phil Walden\"\nUniversity's Phi Delta Theta lodge in the early 1960s. As he continued to build his business, Walden was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army through a deferred service program in the summer of 1963. He recruited Alan (then a sophomore at Mercer) to take over Phil Walden Artists and Promotions and served in Germany as a personnel officer before returning to the company following the completion of his service obligation in 1965. That year, Redding and the Walden brothers co-founded the Redwal Music publishing company to house such songs as \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\",",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "327313",
"chunk_text": "\"Time, Love & Tenderness\"\nTime, Love & Tenderness Time, Love & Tenderness is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Michael Bolton. The album was released on April 23, 1991 by Columbia Records; it was produced by Walter Afanasieff and Michael Bolton. The album topped the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200 chart and produced four Top 40 singles: a cover of Percy Sledge's \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" reached No. 1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, \"\"Love Is a Wonderful Thing\"\" reached No. 4, \"\"Time, Love and Tenderness\"\" reached No. 7, and \"\"Missing You Now\"\" reached No. 12. All four singles reached the Top",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7915759",
"chunk_text": "\"When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman\"\nwhere it spent three weeks at number one in the UK Singles Chart in November 1979. The song was subsequently added to the band's 1979 album \"\"Sometimes You Win\"\". When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman \"\"When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman\"\" is a popular single by Dr. Hook. It was recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, Alabama. Written by Even Stevens, who followed producer Ron Haffkine into the studio bathroom to pitch him the song. \"\"When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman\"\" first appeared on the band's 1978 album \"\"Pleasure and Pain\"\". Riding the disco",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17760292",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Woman Loves (album)\"\nairplay and LaBelle sometimes sung the song during the record's promotion, it was never released as a single and the album dropped out of the charts after only ten weeks, becoming the first LaBelle studio album since \"\"This Christmas\"\", to not be certified. All tracks composed by Diane Warren When a Woman Loves (album) When a Woman Loves is the fourteenth solo album released by singer Patti LaBelle, her sixth ever on the MCA Records label. The album was released on October 24, 2000. By 2000, Patti LaBelle had achieved solo success with at least one platinum album and four",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1010379",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (film)\"\nAlice, he explains what he missed along the way...\"\"to listen, to really listen.\"\" They share an intense, longing, passionate kiss as the credits roll. Tom Hanks was considered for Garcia's role and Michelle Pfeiffer and Debra Winger were considered for Ryan's role. The movie debuted at No.2 behind \"\"The Crow\"\". \"\"When a Man Loves a Woman\"\" currently holds a 71% fresh rating among critics at Rotten Tomatoes, although the film has a mixed reception and is seen unfavorably by many because of its length and the way it deals with alcoholism and stress in the family. James Berardinelli stated that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6236598",
"chunk_text": "\"Woman in Love\"\nWoman in Love \"\"Woman in Love\"\" is a song performed by Barbra Streisand and taken from her 1980 album, \"\"Guilty\"\". The song was written by Barry and Robin Gibb of the Bee Gees, who received the 1980 Ivor Novello award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically. It is her fourth of four Platinum records, and is considered her greatest international hit. After the success enjoyed by the Bee Gees in the late 1970s, the band was asked to participate in musical endeavors for other artists, and Streisand asked Barry Gibb to write an album for her. This album ultimately became",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14810844",
"chunk_text": "\"When a Man Loves a Woman (song)\"\nthis riff came up out of nowhere. There was no one in the club but us. I told Calvin to go home and write some words.\"\" The next night, they rehearsed the emerging song with Sledge, changed it around, and soon afterwards auditioned the song for local businessman and radio DJ Quin Ivy. He liked the song but suggested that some of the words be changed to give a more positive message. Wright said, \"\"We kept some of the phrases, worked on it for several weeks, and spent quite a bit of time in the studio.\"\" Although the writing of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10638701",
"chunk_text": "\"Trance (band)\"\na very sought after collectors item due to the very limited original pressing and distribution that was stopped at the time shortly thereafter due to legal problems that the record company (Mausoleum Records) was facing, which eventually lead to the insolvency and closing of the company- this resulted in the loss of all the original pressings that were never to be seen again. This unique recording featuring Percy Sledge in duet, in the only \"\"Heavy Metal\"\" version of his hit \"\"When A Man Loves A Woman\"\" is now available again as a complete work to the public. 2018<br> Trance joined",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_990
|
what's the difference between salisbury steak and hamburger steak?
|
n/a
|
[
"ingredients"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18908853",
"chunk_text": "\"Salisbury steak\"\nor else labeled \"\"Patties for Salisbury Steak\"\". The standards for hamburger limit the meat to beef only, and of skeletal origin only. Salt, seasonings and vegetables in condimental proportions can be used, but liquids, binders and/or extenders preclude the use of the term \"\"hamburger\"\" or \"\"burger\"\". With these added, the product is considered \"\"beef patties\"\". Products not made in USDA-inspected establishments are not bound by these standards and may be bound by other standards which vary from country to country. Hamburg steak is a very similar dish. In Sweden, \"\"Pannbiff\"\" is similar to a Salisbury steak and is often made",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18908851",
"chunk_text": "\"Salisbury steak\"\nSalisbury steak Salisbury steak is a dish made from a blend of ground beef and other ingredients and is usually served with gravy or brown sauce. Hamburg steak is a similar product but differs in ingredients. The term \"\"Salisbury steak\"\" has been in use in the United States since 1897. The dish is named after an American physician, James H. Salisbury (1823–1905). The dish is popular in the United States, where it is traditionally served with gravy and mashed potatoes or pasta. The USDA standards for processed, packaged \"\"Salisbury steak\"\" require a minimum content of 65% meat, of which up",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18908855",
"chunk_text": "\"Salisbury steak\"\ngarlic, and a binder (eggs and breadcrumbs soaked in milk), divided into oval-shaped patties, lightly breaded and shallow-fried in a half-inch of vegetable oil. The transliterated Japanese dish, \"\"menchi katsu\"\", is always deep-fried and heavily breaded, being essentially a mincemeat croquette, while the Russian version is always shallow-fried. Grillsteaks are a similar product sold in the UK. Salisbury steak Salisbury steak is a dish made from a blend of ground beef and other ingredients and is usually served with gravy or brown sauce. Hamburg steak is a similar product but differs in ingredients. The term \"\"Salisbury steak\"\" has been in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17361000",
"chunk_text": "\"Hamburg steak\"\nHamburg steak Hamburg steak is a patty of ground beef. It is closely similar to the Salisbury steak. Made popular worldwide by migrating Germans, it became a mainstream dish in around the start of the nineteenth century. In the early eighteenth century, Hamburg steak was already popular mostly among the Germans, who are claimed to have invented it. One tale has it that the beef in Hamburg, a German port, was known for being minced and chopped – a method borrowed from the Russians by the German butchers. Another one states that Hamburg steak is an English creation; it is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19693316",
"chunk_text": "\"History of the hamburger\"\n1887 in some U.S. restaurants and was also used for feeding patients in hospitals; the Hamburg steak was served raw or lightly cooked and was accompanied by a raw egg. The menus of many American restaurants during the 19th century included a Hamburg beefsteak that was often sold for breakfast. A variant of Hamburg steak is the \"\"Salisbury steak\"\", which is usually served with a gravy similar in texture to brown sauce. Invented by Dr. James Salisbury (1823–1905), the term \"\"Salisbury steak\"\" has been used in the United States since 1897. Nowadays, in the city of Hamburg as well as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7170361",
"chunk_text": "\"Hamburg steak\"\nthe meatball: pan-fried, served with potatoes and brown sauce. Hamburg steak Hamburg steak is a patty of ground beef. It is closely similar to the Salisbury steak. Made popular worldwide by migrating Germans, it became a mainstream dish in around the start of the nineteenth century. In the early eighteenth century, Hamburg steak was already popular mostly among the Germans, who are claimed to have invented it. One tale has it that the beef in Hamburg, a German port, was known for being minced and chopped – a method borrowed from the Russians by the German butchers. Another one states",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18908854",
"chunk_text": "\"Salisbury steak\"\nby a mix of ground pork and beef, chopped onions, salt and pepper. It is served with boiled potatoes, gravy made from cream, caramelized onions and lingonberries. It is a very traditional dish that is common in the husman cuisine. Minced cutlet (котлета рубленая, \"\"kotleta rublenaya\"\"), or, since the late 19th century, simply \"\"cutlet\"\", is a staple of Russian cuisine. It is similar to a Salisbury steak, with the main difference being pure beef is rarely employed, usually pork or a beef-pork mixture is used. The meat is seasoned with salt and pepper, mixed with finely chopped onion (optionally fried),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15612102",
"chunk_text": "\"James Salisbury\"\nas the \"\"Salisbury diet\"\". It has been described as an early example of a fad diet. The Salisbury diet was promoted by Elma Stuart in her book \"\"What Must I do to Get Well?\"\", that went through at least 32 editions. Salisbury steak is similar to a number of other dishes made of ground beef. Its name caught on partly because World War I inspired a movement in English-speaking nations to avoid German-sounding terms such as \"\"hamburger\"\". Salisbury died aged 82 at his country home in Dobbs Ferry, New York and was buried at Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland, Ohio.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17794860",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\nHungry Jack's (Burger King) \"\"Aussie Burger\"\" has tomato, lettuce, onion, cheese, bacon, beetroot, egg, ketchup and a meat patty. In China, restaurants such as McDonald's and KFC exist, which sell hamburgers. In Japan, hamburgers can be served in a bun, called \"\"hanbāgā\"\" (ハンバーガー), or just the patties served without a bun, known as \"\"hanbāgu\"\" (ハンバーグ) or \"\"hamburg\"\", short for \"\"hamburg steak\"\". \"\"Hamburg steaks\"\" (served without buns) are similar to what are known as Salisbury steaks in the U.S. They are made from minced beef, pork or a blend of the two mixed with minced onions, egg, breadcrumbs and spices. They",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3244707",
"chunk_text": "\"Salisbury House (restaurant)\"\nSalisbury House (restaurant) Salisbury House is a restaurant chain based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Known locally as \"\"Sals\"\", the chain is considered a Winnipeg institution. The first Salisbury House restaurant was founded in Downtown Winnipeg in 1931 by Ralph Erwin (September 2, 1902 – June 5, 1983), who named the venture after the salisbury steak. Erwin disliked the term 'hamburger' so named his burger a \"\"nip\"\" to market his hamburgers as a small 'nip' or bite of Salisbury steak. The restaurant has seventeen locations in Winnipeg and employs over 500 people. In 1979 Erwin sold his majority interest in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18908852",
"chunk_text": "\"Salisbury steak\"\nto 25% can be pork, except if de-fatted beef or pork is used, the limit is 12% combined. No more than 30% may be fat. Meat byproducts are not permitted; however, beef heart meat is allowed. Extender (bread crumbs, flour, oat flakes, etc.) content is limited to 12%, except isolated soy protein at 6.8% is considered equivalent to 12% of the others. The remainder consists of seasonings, fungi or vegetables (onion, bell pepper, mushroom or the like), binders (can include egg) and liquids (such as water, milk, cream, skim milk, buttermilk, brine, vinegar etc.). The product must be fully cooked,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15612101",
"chunk_text": "\"James Salisbury\"\nand fats to one-third of the diet. The Salisbury steak, his means of achieving this goal, is ground beef flavored with onion and seasoning and then deep-fried or boiled and covered with gravy or brown sauce. It was introduced in 1888. Salisbury saw beef as an excellent defense against many different physical problems. He suggested that Salisbury steak should be eaten three times a day, with lots of hot water to cleanse the digestive system. He was an early American proponent of a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss, and he promoted his diet for that purpose. His diet became known",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1391393",
"chunk_text": "Patty\ntop and bottom sides of the patty. These punctures are there for similar reasons. Patty A patty, in American, Canadian, South African, Australian and New Zealand English, is a flattened, usually round, serving of ground meat or meat alternatives. The meat is compacted and shaped, cooked, and served. Patties can be eaten with a knife and a fork in dishes like Salisbury steak, but are typically served in a sort of sandwich called a \"\"burger\"\", or a hamburger if the patty is made from ground beef.Whether or not it is served in a sandwich, especially in the United Kingdom and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1391390",
"chunk_text": "Patty\nPatty A patty, in American, Canadian, South African, Australian and New Zealand English, is a flattened, usually round, serving of ground meat or meat alternatives. The meat is compacted and shaped, cooked, and served. Patties can be eaten with a knife and a fork in dishes like Salisbury steak, but are typically served in a sort of sandwich called a \"\"burger\"\", or a hamburger if the patty is made from ground beef.Whether or not it is served in a sandwich, especially in the United Kingdom and Ireland, where the term \"\"patty\"\" is rarely used. Similar-shaped meat cakes not made from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5032124",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\nsuch as lamb and pork may also be used. The meat is ground or chopped. In Australia, a steak burger is a steak sandwich which contains a whole steak, not ground meat. Steak burgers may be cooked to various degrees of doneness. Steak burgers may be served with standard hamburger toppings such as lettuce, onion, and tomato. Some may have additional various toppings such as cheese, bacon, fried egg, mushrooms, additional meats, and others. Various fast food outlets and restaurants such as Burger King, Carl's Jr., Hardee's, IHOP, Steak 'n Shake, Mr. Steak, and Freddy's market steak burgers. Some restaurants",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18937542",
"chunk_text": "\"Chicken fried steak\"\nfries and cream gravy. Either is then known as \"\"finger steaks\"\". Typically, in Texas and surrounding states, chicken fried steak is fried in a thick layer of oil in a pan and served with traditional peppered milk gravy. A similar dish is sometimes known as \"\"country fried steak\"\" in other parts of the United States, where it is subject to some regional variations. On rare occasions there is a brown gravy, and occasionally the meat is either pan-fried with little oil, or simmered in the gravy. In some areas, \"\"country steak\"\" may refer to Salisbury steak, a chopped or minced",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5032125",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\noffer high-end burgers prepared from aged beef. Additionally, many restaurants have used the term \"\"steak burger\"\" at various times. Some baseball parks concessions in the United States call their hamburgers steak burgers, such as Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha, Nebraska. Burger King introduced the Sirloin Steak sandwich in 1979 as part of a menu expansion that in turn was part of a corporate restructuring effort for the company. It was a single oblong patty made of chopped steak served on a sub-style, sesame seed roll. Additional steak burgers that Burger King has offered are the Angus Bacon Cheddar Ranch Steak",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15612099",
"chunk_text": "\"James Salisbury\"\nJames Salisbury James Henry Salisbury, M.D. (January 12, 1823 – September 23, 1905) was a 19th-century American physician, and the inventor of the Salisbury steak. Salisbury was born in Scott, New York, in 1823. He earned a Bachelor of Natural Sciences degree from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1844. He joined the New York Geological Survey as an assistant chemist, was promoted in 1849 to principal chemist, and remained in this position until 1852. He earned his medical degree from Albany Medical College in 1850, and a Master's degree from Schenectady College in 1852. He was elected a member of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15612103",
"chunk_text": "\"James Salisbury\"\nJames Salisbury James Henry Salisbury, M.D. (January 12, 1823 – September 23, 1905) was a 19th-century American physician, and the inventor of the Salisbury steak. Salisbury was born in Scott, New York, in 1823. He earned a Bachelor of Natural Sciences degree from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1844. He joined the New York Geological Survey as an assistant chemist, was promoted in 1849 to principal chemist, and remained in this position until 1852. He earned his medical degree from Albany Medical College in 1850, and a Master's degree from Schenectady College in 1852. He was elected a member of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5032122",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\nburger uses ground venison from deer. A \"\"veggie burger\"\", \"\"black bean burger\"\", \"\"garden burger\"\", or \"\"tofu burger\"\" uses a meat analogue, a meat substitute such as tofu, TVP, seitan (wheat gluten), quorn, beans, grains or an assortment of vegetables, ground up and mashed into patties. A steak burger is marketing term for a hamburger claimed to be of superior quality. or, in Australia, a sandwich containing a steak. Steak burgers are first mentioned in the 1920s. Like other hamburgers, they may be prepared with various accompaniments and toppings. Use of the term \"\"steakburger\"\" dates to the 1920s in the United",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17361001",
"chunk_text": "\"Hamburg steak\"\nmentioned in the 1745 cookbook \"\"Art of Cookery\"\" by Hannah Glasse. Migrating Germans introduced the dish worldwide and Hamburg steak became a mainstream dish in nineteenth-century America. The first printed menu in the United States listed Hamburg steak as one of the food items offered; at ten cents, it was the most expensive item on the list. After being wedged between two pieces of bread, the steak evolved into the hamburger. There is a distinction between the terms \"\"Hamburg steak\"\" and \"\"hamburger\"\": The former refers to just a beef patty made a certain way, while the hamburger is a sandwich-like",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19237881",
"chunk_text": "\"Flat iron steak\"\nFlat iron steak Flat iron steak (US), butlers' steak (UK), or oyster blade steak (Australia and New Zealand) is a cut of steak cut with the grain from the shoulder of the animal. This produces a flavorful cut that is a bit tough because it contains a gristly fascia membrane unless removed. Some restaurants offer it on their menu, often at lower price than the more popular rib-eye and strip steaks of the same grade. This is used, in some places, as a means of selling a less expensive cut from the same animal, for example Kobe beef. This cut",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14025105",
"chunk_text": "Steak\nthe glowing coals of an open fire. Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers. Steaks are often cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin. For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops. Some cured meat, such as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16839896",
"chunk_text": "\"Strip steak\"\nStrip steak The strip steak is a cut of beef steaks from the short loin from a cow. It consists of a muscle that does little work, the longissimus, making the meat particularly tender, although not as tender as the nearby psoas major or tenderloin. Unlike the tenderloin, the longissimus is a sizable muscle, allowing it to be cut into larger portions. According to the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, the steak is marketed in the United States under various names, including Ambassador Steak, Boneless Club Steak, Hotel-Style Steak, Kansas City Steak, New York Steak, Top Loin, and Veiny Steak. In",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17361004",
"chunk_text": "\"Hamburg steak\"\nto foreigners. Since the 1980s, vacuum packed hamburgers are sold with sauce already added, and these are widely used in box lunches (\"\"bento\"\"). Frozen hamburgers are popular as well, and are often served in fast food style restaurants. In Hawaii, hamburger steak is very similar to the Japanese \"\"hanbāgu\"\". It consists of burger patty with brown gravy. It is usually served with macaroni salad and rice in a plate lunch. There is also a variety which includes an egg, which is called loco moco. In Finland, the dish is called \"\"jauhelihapihvi\"\" (\"\"ground meat steak\"\") and is prepared and served like",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17794834",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\na menu from Walla Walla Union in Washington offered hamburger steak as a menu item. Between 1871 and 1884, \"\"Hamburg Beefsteak\"\" was on the \"\"Breakfast and Supper Menu\"\" of the Clipper Restaurant at 311/313 Pacific Street in San Fernando, California. It cost 10 cents—the same price as mutton chops, pig's feet in batter, and stewed veal. It was not, however, on the dinner menu. Only \"\"Pig's Head,\"\" \"\"Calf Tongue,\"\" and \"\"Stewed Kidneys\"\" were listed. Another claim ties the hamburger to Summit County, New York or Ohio. Summit County, Ohio exists, but Summit County, New York does not. Hamburgers are usually",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8048806",
"chunk_text": "\"Pork chop\"\nchop includes a large T-shaped bone, and is structurally similar to the beef T-bone steak. Rib chops come from the rib portion of the loin, and are similar to rib eye steaks. Blade or shoulder chops come from the spine, and tend to contain much connective tissue. The sirloin chop is taken from the (rear) leg end and also contains much connective tissue. The shoulder end produces chops that are considerably fattier than the chops taken from the loin end. The so-called \"\"Iowa Chop\"\" is a thick center cut; the term was coined in 1976 by the Iowa Pork Producers",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10879720",
"chunk_text": "\"Mystery meat\"\nand mechanically separated meat, where explicitly stating the type of meat used might diminish the perceived palatability of the product to some consumers. Mystery meat Mystery meat is a disparaging term for meat products, typically ground or otherwise processed, such as burger patties, chicken nuggets, Spam, Salisbury steaks, sausages, or hot dogs, that have an unidentifiable source. Most often the term is used in reference to food served in institutional cafeterias, such as prison food or an American public school lunch. The term is also sometimes applied to meat products where the species from which the meat has come from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14604340",
"chunk_text": "\"Primal cut\"\nPrimal cut A primal cut or cut of meat is a piece of meat initially separated from the carcass of an animal during butchering. Examples of primals include the round, loin, rib, and chuck for beef or the ham, loin, Boston butt, and picnic for pork. Different countries and cultures make these cuts in different ways, and primal cuts also differ between type of carcass. The British, American and French primal cuts all differ in some respects. For example, \"\"rump steak\"\" in British and Commonwealth English is commonly called \"\"sirloin\"\" in American English. On the other hand, British \"\"sirloin\"\" is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17361002",
"chunk_text": "\"Hamburg steak\"\ndish comprising the patty, a bun and, often, other ingredients. Hamburg steak is made from beef which is finely chopped, ground (American English), or minced (British English). Seasoning, egg, breadcrumb, onion and milk may be combined with the meat, which is then formed into patties and cooked, by frying, roasting, or smoking. Hamburg steak is listed by Escoffier as a classic dish in haute cuisine. is a popular dish in Japan. It is made from ground meat with finely chopped onion, egg and breadcrumbs flavored with various spices, and made into a flat, circular shape about a centimeter thick and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7950936",
"chunk_text": "Steak-umm\nSteak-umm Steak-umm is an American brand of thin-sliced frozen steaks of The Steak-Umm Company, LLC. Steak-umms are sold in supermarkets throughout the United States and are used for making homemade Philadelphia-style cheesesteaks. The company claims to be \"\"the best-known sandwich steak brand in America\"\" and to have \"\"helped turn the regional 'Philly Cheese Steak' Sandwich into standard fare on America's dinner tables over four decades ago\"\". The company also produces ready-to-cook hamburger patties that are available in \"\"Original\"\" and \"\"Sweet Onion\"\" varieties. Steak-Umm had been previously owned by Gagliardi Bros., H.J. Heinz (under the Ore-Ida brand), and Pomfret, Connecticut-based TriFoods",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7078124",
"chunk_text": "Beefsteak\nBeefsteak A beef steak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\"\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g). Beef steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled. The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole. Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"\"cf.\"\" cube steak). In Australia, beef steak is referred to as just 'steak' and can",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10069799",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\nBurger, the Angus Bacon & Cheese Steak Burger, and a limited edition Stuffed Steakhouse Burger. In 2004 Steak 'n Shake sued Burger King over the latter's use of term \"\"Steak Burger\"\" in conjunction with one of its menu items, claiming that such use infringed on trademark rights. In the United States and Canada, burgers may be classified as two main types: fast food hamburgers and individually prepared burgers made in homes and restaurants. The latter are often prepared with a variety of toppings, including lettuce, tomato, onion, and often sliced pickles (or pickle relish). French fries often accompany the burger.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17794841",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\nStates. In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. \"\"Gus\"\" Belt, the founder of Steak 'n Shake, devised a higher-quality hamburger and offered it as a \"\"steakburger\"\" to customers at the company's first location in Normal, Illinois. This burger used a combination of ground meat from the strip portion of T-bone steak and sirloin steak in its preparation. Steak burgers are a primary menu item at Steak 'n Shake restaurants, and the company's registered trademarks included \"\"original steakburger\"\" and \"\"famous for steakburgers\"\". Steak 'n Shake's \"\"Prime Steakburgers\"\" are now made of choice grade brisket and chuck. Beef is typical, although other meats",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16581291",
"chunk_text": "\"Popeseye steak\"\nPopeseye steak Popeseye steak is thinly sliced rump steak, originating in Scotland and available in the United Kingdom. The etymology of the term \"\"popeseye steak\"\" is twofold: One first begins with a cut of rump steak. Then, thinly slice the rump steak across the widest face of the rump steak (shown as the top of the steak in the illustration). Slice width varies; one Scotch Beef butcher sells slices that \"\"typically weigh around 6oz\"\" each. Popeseye steak is very tender, and, due to its relative thinness compared to other steaks, cooks quickly, particularly if used as a pan frying steak.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8117260",
"chunk_text": "\"Ground meat\"\nare then fried, baked, steamed, or braised. They may be cooked on a skewer to produce dishes such as \"\"kabab koobideh\"\", \"\"adana kebabı\"\" and \"\"ćevapi\"\". It may be formed into patties which are then grilled or fried (hamburger), breaded and fried (\"\"menchi-katsu\"\", Pozharsky cutlet), or braised (Salisbury steak). It may be formed into meatloaves or pâtés and baked. It may also be used as a filling or stuffing for meat pies and \"\"böreks\"\", and also as stuffing. It may be made into meat sauce such as ragù, which in turn is used in dishes like pastitsio and moussaka. It may",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11925352",
"chunk_text": "Hamburg\ncommon. This also includes a predilection for open-faced sandwiches of all sorts, especially topped with cold-smoked or pickled fish. The American hamburger may have developed from Hamburg's \"\"Frikadeller\"\": a pan-fried patty (usually larger and thicker than its American counterpart) made from a mixture of ground beef, soaked stale bread, egg, chopped onion, salt and pepper, usually served with potatoes and vegetables like any other piece of meat, not usually on a bun. The Oxford Dictionary defined a \"\"Hamburger steak\"\" in 1802: a sometimes-smoked and -salted piece of meat, that, according to some sources, came from Hamburg to America. The name",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17794838",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\npatties\"\" to distinguish them from inexpensive hamburgers made with cost-savers like added flour, textured vegetable protein, ammonia treated defatted beef trimmings (which the company Beef Products Inc, calls \"\"lean finely textured beef\"\"), advanced meat recovery, or other fillers. In the 1930s ground liver was sometimes added. Some cooks prepare their patties with binders like eggs or breadcrumbs. Seasonings may include salt and pepper and others like as parsley, onions, soy sauce, Thousand Island dressing, onion soup mix, or Worcestershire sauce. Many name brand seasoned salt products are also used. Raw hamburger may contain harmful bacteria that can produce food-borne illness",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17794818",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\n\"\"patty\"\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef. The term may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in \"\"turkey burger\"\", \"\"bison burger\"\", or \"\"veggie burger\"\". Hamburgers are sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants (where burgers may sell for several times the cost of a fast-food burger, but may be one of the cheaper options on the menu). There are many international and regional variations of the hamburger. The term \"\"hamburger\"\" originally derives from Hamburg, Germany's second-largest city. In German, \"\"Burg\"\" means \"\"castle\"\", \"\"fortified settlement\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7934701",
"chunk_text": "\"Mystery meat\"\nMystery meat Mystery meat is a disparaging term for meat products, typically ground or otherwise processed, such as burger patties, chicken nuggets, Spam, Salisbury steaks, sausages, or hot dogs, that have an unidentifiable source. Most often the term is used in reference to food served in institutional cafeterias, such as prison food or an American public school lunch. The term is also sometimes applied to meat products where the species from which the meat has come from is known, but the cuts of meat used are unknown. This is often the case where the cuts of meat used include offal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14343730",
"chunk_text": "\"Rib steak\"\nRib steak A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached. In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably. The rib eye or \"\"ribeye\"\" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone. It is considered a more flavorful cut than other steaks, such as the fillet, due to the muscle being exercised by the animal during",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9750844",
"chunk_text": "\"Steak and eggs\"\nwhen the two countries campaigned together during the Pacific War. Steak and eggs Steak and eggs is a dish prepared with beefsteak and eggs as primary ingredients. It is most typically served as a breakfast or brunch food, although it can also be consumed at any mealtime, such as for dinner in the evening. Various types of beefsteaks can be used, such as rib eye, strip, sirloin and flank, among others. Additional ingredients may include bell pepper, garlic, onion, butter, salt, pepper, seasonings and others. Accompaniments may include various sauces, such as steak sauce, Worcestershire sauce, chimichurri. and others. Variations",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9750842",
"chunk_text": "\"Steak and eggs\"\nSteak and eggs Steak and eggs is a dish prepared with beefsteak and eggs as primary ingredients. It is most typically served as a breakfast or brunch food, although it can also be consumed at any mealtime, such as for dinner in the evening. Various types of beefsteaks can be used, such as rib eye, strip, sirloin and flank, among others. Additional ingredients may include bell pepper, garlic, onion, butter, salt, pepper, seasonings and others. Accompaniments may include various sauces, such as steak sauce, Worcestershire sauce, chimichurri. and others. Variations include steak and egg sandwiches, open sandwiches and steak and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17794859",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\nterm 'sandwich' is usually only applied when the bread used is sliced bread. The only variance between the two countries' hamburgers is that New Zealand's equivalent to \"\"The Lot\"\" often contains a steak (beef) as well. The condiments regularly used are barbecue sauce and tomato sauce. The McDonald's \"\"McOz\"\" Burger is partway between American and Australian style burgers, having beetroot and tomato in an otherwise typical American burger; however, it is no longer a part of the menu. Likewise, McDonald's in New Zealand created a Kiwiburger, similar to a Quarter Pounder, but features salad, beetroot and a fried egg. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18034862",
"chunk_text": "\"Shoulder tender\"\nshaped like a pork tenderloin, and weighs . The flat iron steak lies above it, and is distinct from this steak, as it is formed from different muscles: teres minor and infraspinatus. Shoulder tender A shoulder tender also called beef shoulder petite tender, beef shoulder tender petite roast, bistro filet, rat or teres major steak is a US cut of beef of the teres major muscle from the blade of the shoulder (chuck). It is one of the tenderest beef muscles and is said to be \"\"white-tablecloth quality\"\", being a similar quality to filet mignon, but less expensive. It is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19381294",
"chunk_text": "Goulash\nserved at mass public events. \"\"Partisan \"\"golaž\"\"\"\" utilizes onion in equal proportion to meat; Slovenians usually use two or more types of meat in cooking \"\"\"\"golaž\"\"\"\". American goulash, mentioned in cookbooks since at least 1914, exists in a number of variant recipes. Originally a dish of seasoned beef, core ingredients of American goulash now usually include elbow macaroni, cubed steak, ground beef or \"\"hamburger\"\", and tomatoes in some form, whether canned whole, as tomato sauce, tomato soup, and/or tomato paste. In some areas it is called \"\"slumgullion\"\". Goulash Goulash ( ) is a stew of meat, usually seasoned with paprika",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1309986",
"chunk_text": "\"Rib eye steak\"\ninterchangeably. The rib eye or \"\"ribeye\"\" was originally, as the name implies, the center best portion of the rib steak, without the bone. In Australia and New Zealand, \"\"ribeye\"\" is used when this cut is served with the bone in. With the bone removed, it is called \"\"Scotch fillet\"\". It is both flavorful and tender, coming from the lightly worked upper rib cage area. Its marbling of fat makes it very good for fast and hot cooking. Rib eye steak The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section. The rib section of beef spans from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19240139",
"chunk_text": "\"Flank steak\"\nFlank steak The flank steak is a beef steak cut from the abdominal muscles or lower chest of the cow. The cut is common in Colombia, where it is known as \"\"sobrebarriga\"\", literally meaning \"\"over the belly\"\". A thin flank steak in South America is known as a \"\"matambre\"\" in Spanish. In Brazil, it is called fraldinha which literally translates to \"\"little diaper\"\" - named because of its position near the cow's groin and also its shape like a cloth diaper. A relatively long and flat cut, flank steak is used in a variety of dishes including London broil and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17794822",
"chunk_text": "Hamburger\ncents, is Hamburger steak sandwich, the meat for which is kept ready in small patties and 'cooked while you wait' on the gasoline range.\"\" According to Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro, the hamburger, a ground meat patty between two slices of bread, was first created in America in 1900 by Louis Lassen, a Danish immigrant, owner of Louis' Lunch in New Haven, Connecticut. There have been rival claims by Charlie Nagreen, Frank and Charles Menches, Oscar Weber Bilby, and Fletcher Davis. White Castle traces the origin of the hamburger to Hamburg, Germany with its invention by Otto Kuase. However, it gained national",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10051782",
"chunk_text": "\"Ranch steak\"\nis excellent when grilled, broiled, or pan-fried if it is marinated first and if it is not overcooked. Ranch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a \"\"boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak\"\", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: \"\"Ranch steak\"\". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_991
|
what are the 3 layers of the meninges?
|
n/a
|
[
"the arachnoid mater",
"arachnoid mater",
"pia mater",
"the pia mater",
"dura mater"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14273517",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\nMeninges The meninges (, \"\"singular:\"\" meninx ( or ), from , \"\"adjectival:\"\" meningeal ) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. Cerebrospinal fluid is located in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. The primary function of the meninges is to protect the central nervous system. The dura mater () (also rarely called \"\"meninx fibrosa\"\" or \"\"pachymeninx\"\") is a thick, durable membrane, closest to the skull and vertebrae. The dura mater, the outermost part, is a loosely",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6234576",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\nthe same animals, Sterzi demonstrated that, while in the spinal medulla the dura keeps its identity, in the skull it fuses with the periosteum. He also demonstrated the continuity of all meninges with the envelopes of nerves and with the filum terminale. Mammals (as higher vertebrates) retain the dura mater, and the secondary meninx divides into the arachnoid and pia mater. Meninges The meninges (, \"\"singular:\"\" meninx ( or ), from , \"\"adjectival:\"\" meningeal ) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2607942",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\narranged, fibroelastic layer of cells, characterized by multiple interdigitating cell processes, no extracellular collagen, and significant extracellular spaces. The middle region is a mostly fibrous portion. It consists of two layers: the endosteal layer, which lies closest to the calvaria (skullcap), and the inner meningeal layer, which lies closer to the brain. It contains larger blood vessels that split into the capillaries in the pia mater. It is composed of dense fibrous tissue, and its inner surface is covered by flattened cells like those present on the surfaces of the pia mater and arachnoid mater. The dura mater is a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14273521",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\ninner surface toward the innermost collagenous portion of the arachnoid reticular layer. The pia mater () is a very delicate membrane. It is the meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following all of the brain's contours (the gyri and sulci). It is a very thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid. The pia mater is pierced by blood vessels to the brain and spinal cord, and its capillaries nourish the brain. The arachnoid and pia mater",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6234574",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\na subpial space underneath the pia mater that separates it from the glia limitans. Injuries involving the meninges, can result in a hemorrhage and two types of hematoma. Other medical conditions that affect the meninges include meningitis (usually from a fungal, bacterial, or viral infection) and meningiomas that arise from the meninges, or from meningeal carcinomatoses (tumors) that form elsewhere in the body and metastasize to the meninges. In fish, there is a single membrane known as the primitive meninx. Amphibians, and reptiles have two meninges, and birds and mammals have three. In the early 1900s, Giuseppe Sterzi, an Italian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14273520",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\nloosely fitting sac. In particular, in the region of the brain a large number of fine filaments called arachnoid trabeculae pass from the arachnoid through the subarachnoid space to blend with the tissue of the pia mater. The arachnoid is composed of an outermost portion (arachnoid barrier cell layer) with tightly packed cells and no extracellular collagen; that is why it is considered to represent an effective morphological and physiological meningeal barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and subarachnoid space and the blood circulation in the dura. The arachnoid barrier layer is characterized by a distinct continuous basal lamina on its",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18596763",
"chunk_text": "\"Laminar organization\"\nCells that remain in the epiblast become ectoderm. This is the trilaminar disc and the epiblast cells have given rise to the three germ layers. In the brain a laminar organization is evident in the arrangement of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. These membranes are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater has two layers a periosteal layer near to the bone of the skull, and a meningeal layer next to the other meninges. The cerebral cortex, the outer neural sheet covering the cerebral hemispheres can be described by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14700487",
"chunk_text": "\"Dura mater\"\nDura mater Dura mater, or dura, is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three layers of membrane called the meninges that protect the central nervous system. The other two meningeal layers are the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. The dura surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for keeping in the cerebrospinal fluid. It is derived from neural crest cells. The dura mater has several functions and layers. The dura mater is a membrane that envelops the arachnoid mater. It",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14273519",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\nsac that envelops the arachnoid mater and surrounds and supports the large dural sinuses carrying blood from the brain toward the heart. The dura has four areas of infolding: The middle element of the meninges is the arachnoid mater, so named because of its spider web-like appearance. It cushions the central nervous system. This thin, transparent membrane is composed of fibrous tissue and, like the pia mater, is covered by flat cells also thought to be impermeable to fluid. The shape of the arachnoid does not follow the convolutions of the surface of the brain and so looks like a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "104692",
"chunk_text": "\"Arachnoid mater\"\nArachnoid mater The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. The arachnoid mater is a derivative of the neural crest mesectoderm in the embryo. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial and much thicker dura mater and the deeper pia mater, from which it is separated by the subarachnoid space. The delicate arachnoid layer is attached to the inside of the dura and surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It does not line the brain down into its sulci (folds), as does the pia mater,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15515097",
"chunk_text": "\"Arachnoid mater\"\nreason some meningiomas can appear as completely inside the brain. Arachnoid mater The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. The arachnoid mater is a derivative of the neural crest mesectoderm in the embryo. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial and much thicker dura mater and the deeper pia mater, from which it is separated by the subarachnoid space. The delicate arachnoid layer is attached to the inside of the dura and surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It does not line the brain",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10895760",
"chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\nand leaves the cerebrum at the start of the midbrain area. The brainstem includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. Behind the brainstem is the cerebellum (). The cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord are covered by three membranes called meninges. The membranes are the tough dura mater; the middle arachnoid mater and the more delicate inner pia mater. Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is the subarachnoid space, which contains the cerebrospinal fluid. In the cerebral cortex, close to the basement membrane of the pia mater, is a limiting membrane called the glia limitans; this",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15468743",
"chunk_text": "\"Dura mater\"\nloan translation of Arabic (umm al-dimāgh al-ṣafīcah), literally \"\"thick mother of the brain\"\", matrix of the brain, and is also referred to by the term \"\"pachymeninx\"\" (plural \"\"pachymeninges\"\"). The dura has been described as \"\"tough\"\" and \"\"leather-like\"\". Dura mater Dura mater, or dura, is a thick membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three layers of membrane called the meninges that protect the central nervous system. The other two meningeal layers are the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. The dura surrounds the brain and the spinal",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7121920",
"chunk_text": "\"Longitudinal fissure\"\nthis structure then give rise to the two hemispheres of the Homo sapiens cortex, but do not merge at any point besides the corpus callosum. As a result, the longitudinal fissure is formed. All three meninges of the cortex (dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater) fold and descend deep down into the longitudinal fissure, physically separating the two hemispheres. Falx cerebri is the name given to the dura mater in-between the two hemispheres, whose significance rises from the fact that it is the outermost layer of the meninges. These layers prevent any direct connectivity between the bilateral lobes of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6234575",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\nanatomist, carried out comparative studies on the meninges from the lancelet to the human. Contrary to previous reports, the spinal meninges were seen to be very simple, both in the adult lower vertebrates and in the early developmental stages of the more advanced vertebrates. From the mesenchyme surrounding the neural tube only a single leaflet forms the primitive meninx. In the following phylogenetic and ontogenetic stages, the latter divides into an internal leaflet: the secondary meninx, and into an external one: the dura mater. Finally, in higher vertebrates, even the secondary meninx divides into the arachnoid and the pia. In",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12913430",
"chunk_text": "\"Brain tumor\"\namong heavy users of wireless and cordless telephones were conducted. Human brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the brain from the skull. This three-layered covering is composed of (from the outside in) the dura mater (\"\"hard mother\"\"), arachnoid mater (\"\"spidery mother\"\"), and pia mater (\"\"tender mother\"\"). The arachnoid and pia are physically connected and thus often considered as a single layer, the pia-arachnoid, or \"\"leptomeninges\"\". Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This fluid circulates in the narrow spaces between cells and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7261053",
"chunk_text": "Meningitis\nmigraine may cause meningitis, but this diagnosis is usually only made when other causes have been eliminated. The meninges comprise three membranes that, together with the cerebrospinal fluid, enclose and protect the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system). The pia mater is a very delicate impermeable membrane that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain, following all the minor contours. The arachnoid mater (so named because of its spider-web-like appearance) is a loosely fitting sac on top of the pia mater. The subarachnoid space separates the arachnoid and pia mater membranes and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14700488",
"chunk_text": "\"Dura mater\"\nsurrounds and supports the dural sinuses (also called dural venous sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) and carries blood from the brain toward the heart. The dura mater has two layers, or \"\"lamellae\"\": The superficial layer (also called the periosteal layer), which serves as the skull's inner periosteum, called the endocranium; and a deep layer called the meningeal layer; the actual dura mater. When it covers the spinal cord it is known as the \"\"dural sac\"\" or thecal sac. The dura separates into two layers at \"\"dural reflections\"\" (also known as \"\"dural folds\"\"), places where the inner dural layer is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20710644",
"chunk_text": "Neuromere\nto T2 spinal segments, is where sensory input comes from and motor output goes to the arms. The lumbar enlargement, located between L1 and S3 spinal segments, handles sensory input and motor output coming from and going to the legs. The spinal cord is protected by three layers of tissue, called spinal meninges, that surround the canal. The dura mater is the outermost layer, and it forms a tough protective coating. Between the dura mater and the surrounding bone of the vertebrae is a space called the epidural space. The epidural space is filled with adipose tissue, and it contains",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10768171",
"chunk_text": "\"Pia mater\"\nmeninges work together as a protection device for the brain, with the CSF often referred to as the fourth layer of the meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid is circulated through the ventricles, cisterns, and subarachnoid space within the brain and spinal cord. About 150 mL of CSF is always in circulation, constantly being recycled through the daily production of nearly 500 mL of fluid. The CSF is primarily secreted by the choroid plexus; however, about one-third of the CSF is secreted by pia mater and the other ventricular ependymal surfaces (the thin epithelial membrane lining the brain and central canal) and arachnoidal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2607945",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\ntogether are sometimes called the \"\"leptomeninges\"\", literally \"\"thin meninges\"\" ( leptos - thin). Acute meningococcal meningitis can lead to an exudate within the leptomeninges along the surface of the brain. Because the arachnoid is connected to the pia by cob-web like strands, it is structurally continuous with the pia, hence the name pia-arachnoid or leptomeninges. They are responsible for the production of beta-trace protein (prostaglandin D2 synthase) a major cerebrospinal fluid protein . The subarachnoid space is the space that normally exists between the arachnoid and the pia mater, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, and continues down the spinal",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16461457",
"chunk_text": "\"Connective tissue\"\nConnective tissue Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops from the mesoderm. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system. In the central nervous system, the three outer membranes (the meninges) that envelop the brain and spinal cord are composed of connective tissue. They support and protect the body. All connective tissue consists of three main components: fibers (elastic and collagenous fibers), ground substance and cells. Not all authorities include blood or lymph as connective",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10932738",
"chunk_text": "\"Middle meningeal artery\"\nMiddle meningeal artery The middle meningeal artery (\"\"\"\") is typically the third branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery, one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. After branching off the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa, it runs through the foramen spinosum to supply the dura mater (the outermost meninges) and the calvaria. The middle meningeal artery is the largest of the three (paired) arteries that supply the meninges, the others being the anterior meningeal artery and the posterior meningeal artery. The anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery runs beneath the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19117176",
"chunk_text": "\"Spinal cord\"\nbodies are found in the ventral (or anterior) gray horns of the spinal cord. The spinal cord (and brain) are protected by three layers of tissue or membranes called meninges, that surround the canal . The dura mater is the outermost layer, and it forms a tough protective coating. Between the dura mater and the surrounding bone of the vertebrae is a space called the epidural space. The epidural space is filled with adipose tissue, and it contains a network of blood vessels. The arachnoid mater, the middle protective layer, is named for its open, spiderweb-like appearance. The space between",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7673438",
"chunk_text": "\"Nervous system\"\nthe spinal cord. The spinal canal contains the spinal cord, while the cranial cavity contains the brain. The CNS is enclosed and protected by the meninges, a three-layered system of membranes, including a tough, leathery outer layer called the dura mater. The brain is also protected by the skull, and the spinal cord by the vertebrae. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a collective term for the nervous system structures that do not lie within the CNS. The large majority of the axon bundles called nerves are considered to belong to the PNS, even when the cell bodies of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13670390",
"chunk_text": "\"Pia mater\"\nof the extracellular space. The cranial pia mater joins with the ependyma, which lines the cerebral ventricles to form choroid plexuses that produce cerebrospinal fluid. Together with the other meningeal layers, the function of the pia mater is to protect the central nervous system by containing the cerebrospinal fluid, which cushions the brain and spine. The cranial pia mater covers the surface of the brain. This layer goes in between the cerebral gyri and cerebellar laminae, folding inward to create the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle and the choroid plexuses of the lateral and third ventricles. At the level",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14273523",
"chunk_text": "Meninges\ncord. Spaces are formed from openings at different points along the subarachnoid space; these are the subarachnoid cisterns, which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The dura mater is attached to the skull, whereas in the spinal cord, the dura mater is separated from the vertebrae by a space called the epidural space, which contains fat and blood vessels. The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, while the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue. When the dura mater and the arachnoid separate through injury or illness, the space between them is the subdural space. There is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1216823",
"chunk_text": "\"Cranial cavity\"\nCranial cavity The cranial cavity, also known as intracranial space, is the space within the skull. The skull, also known as the cranium, contains the brain. Meninges are protective membranes that surround the brain to minimize damage of the brain when there is head trauma. Meningitis is the inflammation of meninges caused by bacterial or viral infections. The spaces between meninges and the brain are filled with a clear cerebrospinal fluid, increasing the protection of the brain. Facial bones of the skull are not included in the cranial cavity. There are only eight cranial bones: The occipital, two parietal, the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2824494",
"chunk_text": "\"Meningeal syphilis\"\na bacterial infection can result in the cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid circulates through the brain and spinal cord, and it is produced in the choroid plexuses. The meninges consists of three connective tissues that cover the spinal cord and brain. They are lined with vertebral cavities, which is used as protection for the central nervous system. When the cerebrospinal fluid is infected, the meninges become inflamed and can start to deteriorate. This inflammation of the membranes causes meningitis. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that is brought upon by the gram negative bacteria, Treponema pallidum. Treponema pallidum are various spiral",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10768162",
"chunk_text": "\"Pia mater\"\nPia mater Pia mater ( or ), often referred to as simply the pia, is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. \"\"Pia mater\"\" is medieval Latin meaning \"\"tender mother\"\". The other two meningeal membranes are the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. Both the pia and arachnoid mater are derivatives of the neural crest while the dura is derived from embryonic mesoderm. Pia mater is a thin fibrous tissue that is impermeable to fluid. This allows the pia mater to enclose cerebrospinal fluid. By containing this fluid the pia mater works",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14109879",
"chunk_text": "Diencephalon\nDiencephalon The diencephalon is a division of the forebrain (embryonic \"\"prosencephalon\"\"), and is situated between the telencephalon and the midbrain (embryonic \"\"mesencephalon\"\"). It consists of structures that are on either side of the third ventricle, including the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the epithalamus and the subthalamus. The diencephalon is one of the main vesicles of the brain formed during embryogenesis. During the third week of development a neural tube is created from the ectoderm, one of the three primary germ layers. The tube forms three main vesicles during the third week of development: the prosencephalon, the mesencephalon and the rhombencephalon. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11615066",
"chunk_text": "\"Arachnoid cyst\"\nmedical attention. Arachnoid cyst Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid covered by arachnoidal cells and collagen that may develop between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane, one of the three meningeal layers that cover the brain and the spinal cord. Arachnoid cysts are a congenital disorder, and most cases begin during infancy; however, onset may be delayed until adolescence. Arachnoid cysts can be found on the brain or on the spine. Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to the arachnoidal cistern. Spinal arachnoid cysts may be extradural, intradural, or perineural and tend to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1160725",
"chunk_text": "\"Head and neck anatomy\"\nthe atlas near the foramen magnum, a large hole () at the base of the skull. The atlas joins with the occipital condyle above and the axis below. The spinal cord passes through the foramen magnum. The head and neck is covered in skin and its appendages, termed the integumentary system. These include hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and sensory nerves. The skin is made up of three microscopic layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium and is divided into the following five sublayers or strata, listed in order from outer to inner: The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10842725",
"chunk_text": "\"Third ventricle\"\nThird ventricle The third ventricle is one of four connected fluid-filled cavities comprising the ventricular system within the mammalian brain. It is a median cleft in the diencephalon between the two thalami, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is in the midline, between the left and right lateral ventricles. Running through the third ventricle is the interthalamic adhesion, which contains thalamic neurons and fibers that may connect the two thalami. The third ventricle is a narrow, laterally flattened, vaguely rectangular region, filled with cerebrospinal fluid, and lined by ependyma. It is connected at the superior anterior corner to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11615059",
"chunk_text": "\"Arachnoid cyst\"\nArachnoid cyst Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid covered by arachnoidal cells and collagen that may develop between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane, one of the three meningeal layers that cover the brain and the spinal cord. Arachnoid cysts are a congenital disorder, and most cases begin during infancy; however, onset may be delayed until adolescence. Arachnoid cysts can be found on the brain or on the spine. Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to the arachnoidal cistern. Spinal arachnoid cysts may be extradural, intradural, or perineural and tend to present with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16385517",
"chunk_text": "\"Parietal lobe\"\n\"\"wall\"\". The parietal lobe is defined by three anatomical boundaries: The central sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe; the parieto-occipital sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes; the lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure) is the most lateral boundary, separating it from the temporal lobe; and the longitudinal fissure divides the two hemispheres. Within each hemisphere, the somatosensory cortex represents the skin area on the contralateral surface of the body. Immediately posterior to the central sulcus, and the most anterior part of the parietal lobe, is the postcentral gyrus (Brodmann area 3), the primary somatosensory cortical area. Separating this",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10768163",
"chunk_text": "\"Pia mater\"\nwith the other meningeal layers to protect and cushion the brain. The pia mater allows blood vessels to pass through and nourish the brain. The perivascular space created between blood vessels and pia mater functions as a lymphatic system for the brain. When the pia mater becomes irritated and inflamed the result is meningitis. Pia mater is the thin, translucent, mesh-like meningeal envelope, spanning nearly the entire surface of the brain. It is absent only at the natural openings between the ventricles, the median aperture, and the lateral aperture. The pia firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8668014",
"chunk_text": "Epineurium\ncanal via an intervertebral foramen, two layers of the spinal meninges, the arachnoid and the dura invaginate the nerve to form a dural sleeve of connective tissue, which is the epineurium. The outer portion of this sleeve comprises the external epineurium which permits longitudinal nerve excursion and absorption of longitudinal stress. The layer of the epineurium that extends within the nerve to define the fascicles is termed the internal epineurium. Together, these two layers form the epineurium, which varies in thickness along the course of a nerve. The epineurium is usually most abundant around joints, as its function is to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13847378",
"chunk_text": "Brain\nthe groove merge to enclose the neural tube, a hollow cord of cells with a fluid-filled ventricle at the center. At the front end, the ventricles and cord swell to form three vesicles that are the precursors of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. At the next stage, the forebrain splits into two vesicles called the telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon (which will contain the thalamus and hypothalamus). At about the same time, the hindbrain splits into the metencephalon (which will contain the cerebellum and pons) and the myelencephalon (which will",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10434427",
"chunk_text": "\"Cerebral aqueduct\"\nCerebral aqueduct The cerebral aqueduct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, mesencephalic duct, sylvian aqueduct, or aqueduct of Sylvius, is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain), contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle within the region of the mesencephalon and metencephalon, located dorsal to the pons and ventral to the cerebellum. The cerebral aqueduct, as other parts of the ventricular system of the brain, develops from the central canal of the neural tube, and it originates from the portion of the neural tube that is present in the developing mesencephalon, hence the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10895775",
"chunk_text": "\"Human brain\"\ncisterns. The four ventricles, two lateral, a third, and a fourth ventricle, all contain choroid plexus that produces cerebrospinal fluid. The third ventricle lies in the midline and is connected to the lateral ventricles. A single duct, the cerebral aqueduct between the pons and the cerebellum, connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle. Three separate openings, the middle and two lateral apertures, drain the cerebrospinal fluid from the fourth ventricle to the cisterna magna one of the major cisterns. From here, cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space, between the arachnoid mater and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12591209",
"chunk_text": "\"Paralimbic cortex\"\nParalimbic cortex The paralimbic cortex is an area of three-layered cortex that includes the following regions: the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, the parahippocampal cortex on the medial surface of the temporal lobe, and the cingulate cortex just above the corpus callosum. The paralimbic cortex lies close to, and is directly connected with, the structures of the limbic system. (The prefix \"\"para\"\" meaning beside or adjacent to). The paralimbic cortex, also referred to as the mesocortex, or juxtallocortex, is interposed between the neocortex and the allocortex. The paralimbic cortex provides a gradual transition from primary limbic regions, including the septal region,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2929524",
"chunk_text": "\"Pallium (neuroanatomy)\"\nhold that it largely contributes to the mammalian hippocampal allocortical and parahippocampal mesocortical (transitional) areas. Others postulate it directly transforms into the six-layered isocortex (neocortex) characteristic of mammals, and still others suppose that medial and lateral parts of the dorsal pallium contribute (perhaps with some contributions from the lateral pallium) to the alternative allocortical and isocortical fates. The human pallium (\"\"cloak\"\" in Latin) envelops most of the telencephalon, due to extensive surface expansion of the isocortex. The telencephalic pallium has been described classically as having three parts: the archipallium, the paleopallium and the neopallium, but these concepts are now considered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4284642",
"chunk_text": "\"Neural groove\"\nThe cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1216825",
"chunk_text": "\"Cranial cavity\"\ncavity is 1,200–1,700 cm. Neurocranium Intracranial pressure Cranial cavity The cranial cavity, also known as intracranial space, is the space within the skull. The skull, also known as the cranium, contains the brain. Meninges are protective membranes that surround the brain to minimize damage of the brain when there is head trauma. Meningitis is the inflammation of meninges caused by bacterial or viral infections. The spaces between meninges and the brain are filled with a clear cerebrospinal fluid, increasing the protection of the brain. Facial bones of the skull are not included in the cranial cavity. There are only eight",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11009",
"chunk_text": "Brain\nstages of brain development, the three areas are roughly equal in size. In many classes of vertebrates, such as fish and amphibians, the three parts remain similar in size in the adult, but in mammals the forebrain becomes much larger than the other parts, and the midbrain becomes very small. The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18029459",
"chunk_text": "\"Interthalamic adhesion\"\nInterthalamic adhesion The interthalamic adhesion (also known as the intermediate mass or middle commissure) is a flattened band of tissue that connects both parts of the thalamus at their medial surfaces. The medial surfaces form the upper part of the lateral wall to the third ventricle. In mammals other than humans, it is a large structure. In humans it is only about one centimeter long, though in females it is larger by about 50%. Sometimes it is in two parts and 20% to 30% of the time it is absent. In 1889, a Portuguese anatomist by the name of Macedo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16721823",
"chunk_text": "\"Ventricular system\"\nfluid then flows around the superior sagittal sinus to be reabsorbed via the arachnoid granulations (or arachnoid villi) into the venous sinuses, after which it passes through the jugular vein and major venous system. CSF within the spinal cord can flow all the way down to the lumbar cistern at the end of the cord around the cauda equina where lumbar punctures are performed. The cerebral aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles is very small, as are the foramina, which means that they can be easily blocked. The brain and spinal cord are covered by the meninges, the three",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3344246",
"chunk_text": "\"Midbrain tegmentum\"\nMidbrain tegmentum The midbrain is broken up into the tectum and the tegmentum. The midbrain tegmentum is the part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds below the cerebral aqueduct as well as the floor of the third ventricle while the midbrain tectum forms the roof of the third ventricle. The tegmentum contains a collection of tracts and nuclei with movement-related, species-specific, and pain-perception functions. The general structures of midbrain tegmentum include red nucleus and the periaqueductal grey matter.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10768172",
"chunk_text": "\"Pia mater\"\nmembranes. The CSF travels from the ventricles and cerebellum through three foramina in the brain, emptying into the cerebrum, and ending its cycle in the venous blood via structures like the arachnoid granulations. The pia spans every surface crevice of the brain other than the foramina to allow the circulation of CSF to continue. Pia mater allows for the formation of perivascular spaces that help serve as the brain’s lymphatic system. Blood vessels that penetrate the brain first pass across the surface and then go inwards toward the brain. This direction of flow leads to a layer of the pia",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_992
|
who did puss in boots grew up with?
|
n/a
|
[
"Humpty Dumpty",
"Kitty Softpaws",
"Humpty Alexander Dumpty"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (1988 film)\"\nPuss in Boots (1988 film) Puss in Boots, sometimes also listed as Cannon Movie Tales: Puss in Boots, is a 1988 musical version of the story of Puss in Boots, starring Christopher Walken as \"\"Puss\"\" and Jason Connery as the youngest son who is assisted by Puss. Carmela Marner stars as the Princess. The film was directed by Eugene Marner, the screenplay was by Carole Lucia Satrina. It is a part of a series of films known collectively as the Cannon Movie Tales. In this film, Puss transforms from cat to man and when he puts his boots on, he",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (Shrek)\"\nand \"\"The Ginger Hit Man\"\". After he was abandoned when he was little, Puss finds shelter at an orphanage in the town of San Ricardo and is adopted by Imelda. He becomes friends with Humpty Alexander Dumpty, who gives him the name \"\"Puss\"\" and with whom he decides to find the magic beans that would bring them to the Golden Goose (which lays golden eggs). Puss performs a heroic act, for which he receives acclaim and his boots. His bond with Humpty begins to fray, and Humpty compels Puss to (unknowingly) rob a bank with him. Puss leaves San Ricardo;",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (1988 film)\"\nLyrics by Anne Pearson Crosswell<br> Performed by Carmela Marner and Nick Curtis Music by Michael Abbott<br> Lyrics by Anne Pearson Crosswell<br> Performed by Christopher Walken, Carmela Marner and Nick Curtis Music by Michael Abbott<br> Lyrics by Anne Pearson Crosswell<br> Performed by Christopher Walken, Carmela Marner, Elki Jacobs, Nick Curtis and Cast Puss in Boots (1988 film) Puss in Boots, sometimes also listed as Cannon Movie Tales: Puss in Boots, is a 1988 musical version of the story of Puss in Boots, starring Christopher Walken as \"\"Puss\"\" and Jason Connery as the youngest son who is assisted by Puss. Carmela Marner",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (2011 film)\"\nthe magic beans he has been looking for most of his life, which can lead him to a giant's castle holding valuable golden goose eggs. When Puss tries to steal them from the outlaws' room, a female cat named Kitty Softpaws (Salma Hayek) interrupts, and both fail. Kitty is allied with Humpty Alexander Dumpty (Zach Galifianakis), a talking egg and Puss' long-estranged childhood friend from the orphanage where he was raised. Puss tells Kitty his origin story and of his feelings of betrayal for a youthful misadventure when Humpty tricked Puss into helping commit a bank robbery in his hometown",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "16713904",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (2011 film)\"\nPuss in Boots (2011 film) Puss in Boots is a 2011 American computer-animated adventure-comedy film produced in 3D format by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Written by Brian Lynch and Tom Wheeler, the film was directed by Chris Miller, who also directed \"\"Shrek the Third\"\" (2007). It stars Antonio Banderas, Salma Hayek, Zach Galifianakis, Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris. The film follows the character Puss in Boots on his adventures prior to his first appearance in \"\"Shrek 2\"\" (2004). Accompanied by his friends, Humpty Dumpty and Kitty Softpaws, Puss is pitted against Jack and Jill, two murderous",
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"chunk_id": "16713931",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (2011 film)\"\nPuss in Boots (2011 film) Puss in Boots is a 2011 American computer-animated adventure-comedy film produced in 3D format by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Written by Brian Lynch and Tom Wheeler, the film was directed by Chris Miller, who also directed \"\"Shrek the Third\"\" (2007). It stars Antonio Banderas, Salma Hayek, Zach Galifianakis, Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris. The film follows the character Puss in Boots on his adventures prior to his first appearance in \"\"Shrek 2\"\" (2004). Accompanied by his friends, Humpty Dumpty and Kitty Softpaws, Puss is pitted against Jack and Jill, two murderous",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "3234858",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (1999 film)\"\nPuss in Boots (1999 film) Puss in Boots is an animated direct-to-video movie, created in 1999 by Phil Nibbelink. It is based on the story Puss in Boots. The film features the voices of Judge Reinhold, Dan Haggerty, Michael York, and Vivian Schilling. The story follows Handsome Gunther, a poor young man whose sole possession is his anthropomorphic cat. The cat, wanting to help his owner out of poverty, decides to use his wit to turn Gunther into a prince. In his plan, the cat tries to help Gunther win the heart of the Princess. However, an evil shapeshifting ogre",
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"chunk_id": "10083362",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nPuss in Boots \"\"Master Cat, or The Booted Cat\"\" (; ), commonly known in English as \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", is a European literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for his penniless and low-born master. The oldest telling is by Italian author Giovanni Francesco Straparola, who included it in his \"\"The Facetious Nights of Straparola\"\" (c. 1550–53) in XIV–XV. Another version was published in 1634 by Giambattista Basile with the title \"\"Cagliuso\"\", and a tale was written in French at the close of the",
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"chunk_id": "12044439",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (Shrek)\"\nprequel \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", his origins are described. Puss also appears in the Netflix television series centered on him, \"\"The Adventures of Puss in Boots\"\". Puss was inspired by the title character of the fairy tale \"\"Puss in Boots\"\". His design, created by Tom Hester, was based on real cats. Several characters were used as inspirations for Puss's characterization, such as Zorro and Indiana Jones. The idea of Puss as the main protagonist of a film was explored after his debut appearance. Antonio Banderas voices Puss in the English, Spanish, and Italian dubs of the \"\"Shrek\"\" franchise. While he initially",
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"chunk_id": "3669912",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nhis voice-over role of Puss in Boots from the \"\"Shrek\"\" films, on November 4, 2011. This new film's story bears no similarities to the book. The cat food named Puss n Boots is owned by Retrobrands USA LLC and is available in the United States and Canada. Jacques Barchilon and Henry Pettit note in their introduction to \"\"The Authentic Mother Goose: Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes\"\" that the main motif of \"\"Puss in Boots\"\" is the animal as helper and that the tale \"\"carries atavistic memories of the familiar totem animal as the father protector of the tribe found everywhere",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (video game)\"\nJill (Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris) have the magic beans he's been looking for most of his life, beans that can lead him to a giant's castle holding valuable golden goose eggs. When Puss tries to steal them from the outlaws' room, female cat Kitty Softpaws (Salma Hayek) interrupts, and both fail. Kitty is allied with Humpty Alexander Dumpty (Zach Galifianakis), a talking egg and Puss' long-estranged childhood friend from the orphanage where he was raised. Puss tells Kitty his origin story and of his feelings of betrayal for a youthful misadventure when Humpty tricked Puss into helping commit",
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"chunk_id": "6270820",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss Gets the Boot\"\nJasper, causing Jasper to drop all of the dishes, creating a huge mess and forcing him to take the blame. Enraged, Mammy throws Jasper out of the house and shuts the door. As soon as Jasper is kicked out from the house, Jinx waves to him, sticks his tongue out, puts a HOME SWEET HOME sign in front of his hole, and enters it. \"\"Puss Gets the Boot\"\" marked the debut of Tom and Jerry. In 1939, Joseph Barbera and William Hanna teamed up together in animation. Their first idea together was a cartoon series about a cat and a",
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"chunk_id": "6270815",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss Gets the Boot\"\nPuss Gets the Boot Puss Gets the Boot is a 1940 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the first short in the \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" cartoon series, though the duo are not identified as such in this short. It was directed by William Hanna, Joseph Barbera and Rudolf Ising, and produced by Rudolf Ising and Fred Quimby. As was the practice of MGM shorts at the time, only Rudolf Ising is credited. It was released to theaters on February 10, 1940 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In this short cartoon, a tomcat named Jasper takes great pleasure in tormenting a mouse (unnamed on-screen",
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"chunk_id": "68321",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (1961 film)\"\nPuss in Boots (1961 film) El gato con botas (\"\"Puss in Boots\"\", in English) is a 1961 Eastmancolor live-action Mexican fantasy film. Based on Charles Perrault's \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", it was scripted, produced and directed by Roberto Rodriguez, and, starring Santanon in the title role, the film was made by Peliculas Rodriguez, S.A. at the Churubusco-Azteca film studios. A king is forced to give his daughter to an ogre. However, a fairy gives a peasant boy a pair of boots. The boy puts them on his cat, which becomes human-sized and leads the boy to fight the ogre. 1964 American",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (2011 film)\"\nPuss meets the original Jack from \"\"Jack and the Beanstalk\"\" who warns him that the Great Terror is in fact the Goose's mother, and it will stop at nothing to get its child back. Realizing Humpty intended to destroy the town all along, Puss lets a repentant Kitty help him break out of prison and she also tells him she loves him. Tracking him down just as the Great Terror arrives, Puss convinces Humpty to help him fight off the Great Terror, saying he knows Humpty is a good person at heart. Using the Goose as bait, Puss and Humpty",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (Shrek)\"\nyears later, he learns who owns the magic beans and plans to steal them. He meets a cat who also wants to steal them: Kitty Softpaws, Humpty's partner. Humpty asks Puss to join them in their search for the beans, and Puss eventually accepts. They find the beans, plant them, and a beanstalk brings them to a castle in the sky. They find the Golden Goose and return with it to the ground. Puss returns to San Ricardo, where he realizes that Humpty has been plotting against him. Puss is arrested, and he learns that the Golden Goose's mother will",
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"chunk_id": "10083383",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nby missionaries and anthropologists.\"\" They also note that the title is original with Perrault as are the boots; no tale prior to Perrault's features a cat wearing boots. Folklorists Iona and Peter Opie observe that \"\"the tale is unusual in that the hero little deserves his good fortune, that is if his poverty, his being a third child, and his unquestioning acceptance of the cat's sinful instructions, are not nowadays looked upon as virtues.\"\" The cat should be acclaimed the prince of 'con' artists, they declare, as few swindlers have been so successful before or since. The success of \"\"Histoires\"\"",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (1922 film)\"\nPuss in Boots (1922 film) Puss in Boots was a 1922 film directed by Walt Disney. The film was based on the book by the Brothers Grimm. The film was produced in Kansas City, Missouri. It is one of the earliest surviving products of the Laugh-O-Gram Studio to be based on a fairy tale, alongside \"\"Little Red Riding Hood\"\" (1922) and \"\"Cinderella\"\" (1922). There were a total of seven Laugh-O-Grams based on fairy tales. The three already mentioned, plus \"\"The Four Musicians of Bremen\"\" (1922), \"\"Jack and the Beanstalk\"\" (1922), \"\"Jack the Giant Killer\"\" (1922), and \"\"Goldie Locks and the",
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"chunk_id": "10083365",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nin the sequels to the animated film \"\"Shrek\"\". Puss in Boots is a popular pantomime in the UK. The tale opens with the third and youngest son of a miller receiving his inheritance—a cat. At first, the youngest son laments, as the eldest brother gains the mill, and the middle brother gets the mules. The feline is no ordinary cat, however, but one who requests and receives a pair of boots. Determined to make his master's fortune, the cat bags a rabbit in the forest and presents it to the king as a gift from his master, the fictional Marquis",
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"chunk_id": "3669916",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nthe father of folklore if he had taken the time to record where he obtained his tales, when, and under what circumstances. Bruno Bettelheim remarks that \"\"the more simple and straightforward a good character in a fairy tale, the easier it is for a child to identify with it and to reject the bad other.\"\" The child identifies with a good hero because the hero's condition makes a positive appeal to him. If the character is a very good person, then the child is likely to want to be good too. Amoral tales, however, show no polarization or juxtaposition of",
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"chunk_id": "10083381",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nin Boots\"\" was televised as an episode of \"\"Faerie Tale Theatre\"\" with Ben Vereen and Gregory Hines in the cast. Another version from the \"\"Cannon Movie Tales\"\" series features Christopher Walken as Puss, who in this adaptation is a cat who turns into a human when wearing the boots. Another adaptation of the character with little relation to the story was in the Pokémon anime episode \"\"Like a Meowth to a Flame,\"\" where a Meowth owned by the character Tyson wore boots, a hat, and a neckerchief. DreamWorks Animation released the animated feature \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", with Antonio Banderas reprising",
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"chunk_id": "16864605",
"chunk_text": "\"Boots and Her Buddies\"\nPug to live with the Tutts after Pug's father, J.X. \"\"Bettem\"\" High mysteriously disappeared. Pug later became a member of the Ruggles family. Boots was also friends with Babe and Horace, the characters in the Sunday topper strip, \"\"Babe 'n Horace\"\". During the 1950s, the strip was written by University of Missouri student and English instructor Thomas B. Harris, who married Mary Martin, Edgar Martin's daughter. Harris submitted story synopses to Martin who passed them on to the syndicate. Not until NEA gave a go-ahead did Harris write the full scripts with dialogue. At the University of Missouri-Columbia, Harris was",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (Shrek)\"\nof the fairy tale with the same name. Character designer Tom Hester provided Puss's design, which was based on cats owned by \"\"Shrek\"\" director Andrew Adamson and effects supervisor Ken Bielenberg. After Antonio Banderas had been cast as Puss's voice, the \"\"Shrek\"\" animators analyzed his performance as the title character in \"\"The Mask of Zorro\"\" (1998) for insight into Puss's depiction. Inspired by Banderas's Zorro, the filmmakers decided to make Puss's origins Spanish (instead of the fairy tale's French). When computer-animating Puss, new animation tools were required for his fur, belt, and the plume on his hat. Chris Miller, head",
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"chunk_id": "11749999",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (video game)\"\nenemy, Humpty Dumpty. Memories of friendship and betrayal enlarges Puss' doubt, but he eventually agrees to help the egg get the magic beans. Together, the three of them plan to steal the magic beans, travel to the Giant's castle, steal the golden goose, and clear Puss' name. The game plot follows the story line of the 2011 film of Puss in Boots: Puss in Boots (Antonio Banderas) is a talking cat named for his wearing boots and is a fugitive on the run from the law, looking to restore his lost honor. He learns that the outlaw couple Jack and",
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"chunk_text": "Hanna-Barbera\nassociated with the Hanna-Barbera library. William Hanna, a native of Melrose, New Mexico; and Joseph Barbera, born of Italian heritage in New York City, first met at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio in 1939, while working at its animation division (through its Rudolf Ising unit) and thus began a partnership that would last for over six decades. Their first directorial production and collaboration was the Academy Award-nominated \"\"Puss Gets the Boot\"\", featuring a cat named Jasper and an unnamed mouse. It was released to theaters in 1940 and served as the basis for the popular long-running \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" series of short",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nenough wit and manners to impress the king, the intelligence to defeat the ogre, and the skill to arrange a royal marriage for his low-born master. Puss's career is capped by his elevation to \"\"grand seigneur\"\" and the tale is followed by a double moral: \"\"one stresses the importance of possessing \"\"industrie et savoir faire\"\" while the other extols the virtues of dress, countenance, and youth to win the heart of a princess.\"\" The renowned illustrator of Dickens' novels and stories, George Cruikshank, was shocked that parents would allow their children to read \"\"Puss in Boots\"\" and declared: \"\"As it",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (Shrek)\"\nvery important figure\"\". Miller stated that while Puss has a \"\"really big heart\"\", he still is somewhat mischievous. Miller characterized Puss as someone who had seen \"\"the light really early in life\"\" and who is \"\"affecting change on everyone around him\"\". He further described him as \"\"half lover, half fighter\"\" and as \"\"a bit roguish and a bit of a troublemaker\"\". Miller also characterized Puss as \"\"unpredictable\"\". Langdale said that Puss is a \"\"character anyone can relate to\"\", which makes him \"\"great\"\". He said that \"\"on the surface, Puss is the coolest guy in the world\"\", \"\"great at everything\"\", \"\"saves",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (1922 film)\"\npart of a shift in animation of the time, as the products of the film form previously consisted mostly of comedy films. Disney led the way towards the animated melodrama genre and the incorporation of seriousness in the plots. The relatively primitive drawings were created by the small staff of the studio, which consisted of Walt Disney himself, Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising, Ub Iwerks, Carman Maxwell, Lorrey Tague, and Otto Walliman. The frequent gags and unconventional plots provide the Laugh-O-Grams with the mood of a carnival spectacle. The setting of the film is contemporary, effectively featuring the 1920s United",
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"chunk_text": "\"Histoires ou contes du temps passé\"\nHood\"\" teaches children the dangers of disobedience, and \"\"Puss in Boots\"\" teaches boys to be heroic and witty in spite of low social stature and small size. According to Zipes, girls and women are meant to be passive and yet show desirable wifely qualities of \"\"patience, grace, charity\"\" according to Zipes. Other scholars however disagree with Zipes, such as Hansjorg Hohr, who believes Perrault shows in Cinderella's character a resilient young woman, knowledgeable about fashions, witty and clever, generous, and above all skilled. A widower many times over—having killed all his wives—and childless, Bluebeard's character would not necessarily have been",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (Pinkney book)\"\nPuss in Boots (Pinkney book) Puss in Boots is a 2012 picture book of the classic fairy tale by Jerry Pinkney. Based on Charles Perrault's version, it is about a cat that enables his owner to achieve fame and fortune. \"\"School Library Journal\"\", in a review of \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", wrote \"\"The text clearly relates the plot with lyrical language and vivacious energy, and the color-pencil and watercolor artwork showcases the period's costumes, architecture, and landscapes.\"\" \"\"The Horn Book Magazine\"\" wrote \"\"Pinkney stays close to Perrault's written version of the story (according to the artist's note, Pinkney chose to set",
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"chunk_text": "\"Gypsy Boots\"\nof his 90th birthday. He was survived by his former wife, Lois Bootzin, a Lutheran, two of his sons Daniel and Alexander, three grandchildren, and a sister. His son Freddy died in 2001. Bootzin received national exposure in 1955, when he appeared as a contestant on Groucho Marx's network TV show \"\"You Bet Your Life\"\" (September 30, 1955 Season 5 Episode 3). Introduced as \"\"Boots Bootzin,\"\" he cheerfully espoused his philosophy of clean living, exercise, and healthy eating. Even though he was over 40, he acted like a gangly, goofy, but polite teenager, causing mildly sensational reactions from the audience.",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nwhere they still are found. The morals Perrault attached to the tales are either at odds with the narrative, or beside the point. The first moral tells the reader that hard work and ingenuity are preferable to inherited wealth, but the moral is belied by the poor miller's son who neither works nor uses his wit to gain worldly advantage, but marries into it through trickery performed by the cat. The second moral stresses womankind's vulnerability to external appearances: fine clothes and a pleasant visage are enough to win their hearts. In an aside, Tatar suggests that if the tale",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nThis may mean that the story of \"\"Puss and Boots\"\" originally represented the tale of a family deity aiding an impoverished family member. Stefan Zweig, in his 1939 novel, \"\"Ungeduld des Herzens\"\", references Puss in Boots' procession through a rich and varied countryside with his master and drives home his metaphor with a mention of Seven League Boots. Puss in Boots \"\"Master Cat, or The Booted Cat\"\" (; ), commonly known in English as \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", is a European literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\npaws and throw it out the window. The cat leaps up, demanding to know whether this was his promised reward for helping the beggar boy to a better life. The cat then rushes away, leaving his master to fend for himself. In another rendition, the cat performs acts of bravery, then a fairy comes and turns him to his normal state to be with other cats. It is likely that Perrault was aware of the Straparola tale, since 'Facetious Nights' was translated into French in the sixteenth century and subsequently passed into the oral tradition. The oldest record of written",
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"chunk_id": "20082368",
"chunk_text": "\"The Adventures of Puss in Boots\"\nThe Adventures of Puss in Boots The Adventures of Puss in Boots is an American computer-animated web television series. It stars the character Puss in Boots from the DreamWorks Animation \"\"Shrek\"\" franchise and its 2011 spin-off film, voiced by Eric Bauza. The series premiered with its first five episodes on Netflix on January 16, 2015; the sixth and final season was released on January 26, 2018. It also premiered on Boomerang UK on September 3, 2018. The series sees Puss in Boots fight off an endless legion of invaders to protect the previously hidden village of San Lorenzo, after his",
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"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\ncharacteristics and the man benefits from his trickery and skills. Unlike the tales dealing with submissive heroines waiting for marriage, the male-centered tales suggest social status and achievement are more important than marriage for men. The virtues of Perrault's heroes reflect upon the bourgeoisie of the court of Louis XIV and upon the nature of Perrault, who was a successful civil servant in France during the seventeenth century. According to fairy and folk tale researcher and commentator Jack Zipes, Puss is \"\"the epitome of the educated bougeois secretary who serves his master with complete devotion and diligence.\"\" The cat has",
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"chunk_id": "4180283",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nyouth to win the heart of a princess.\"\" The Italian translation by Carlo Collodi notes that the tale gives useful advice if you happen to be a cat or a Marquis of Carabas. This is the theme in France, but other versions of this theme exist in Asia, Africa, and South America. Perrault's \"\"The Master Cat, or Puss in Boots\"\" is the most renowned tale in all of Western folklore of the animal as helper. However, the trickster cat was not Perrault's invention. Centuries before the publication of Perrault's tale, Somadeva, a Kashmir Brahmin, assembled a vast collection of Indian",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20882231",
"chunk_text": "\"Nagagutsu o Haita Neko: Sekai Isshū 80 Nichi Dai Bōken\"\ncontact with a watery substance. This game also involves driving boats, cars, and balloons in addition to the standard walking through the stages. Nagagutsu o Haita Neko: Sekai Isshū 80 Nichi Dai Bōken The main character is the Puss in Boots character from the tale; a cat named Pero (Toei Animation's mascot) He is also known as 'Perrault' in the game, as that was the name of the original author of the Puss In Boots story; Charles Perrault. He is known for helping an impoverished master attain wealth through the use of trickery. Loosely based on Jules Verne's classic novel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "68323",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (1961 film)\"\nmanagers. Puss in Boots (1961 film) El gato con botas (\"\"Puss in Boots\"\", in English) is a 1961 Eastmancolor live-action Mexican fantasy film. Based on Charles Perrault's \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", it was scripted, produced and directed by Roberto Rodriguez, and, starring Santanon in the title role, the film was made by Peliculas Rodriguez, S.A. at the Churubusco-Azteca film studios. A king is forced to give his daughter to an ogre. However, a fairy gives a peasant boy a pair of boots. The boy puts them on his cat, which becomes human-sized and leads the boy to fight the ogre. 1964",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16713906",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (2011 film)\"\nin Boots 2: Nine Lives & 40 Thieves\"\" was scheduled for release in 2018 but was removed from the studio's schedule in early 2015. On November 6, 2018, it was reported by Variety that Chris Meledandri had been tasked to reboot both \"\"Shrek\"\" and \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", with the original cast potentially returning. Puss in Boots (Antonio Banderas) is a talking cat named for his signature pair of boots. Puss is a fugitive on the run from the law, looking to restore his lost honor. He learns that the outlaw couple Jack (Billy Bob Thornton) and Jill (Amy Sedaris) have",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10083379",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nyears before the tale's 1697 Paris publication. Pierre Darmancour was sixteen or seventeen years old at the time the manuscript was prepared and, as scholars Iona and Peter Opie note, quite unlikely to have been interested in recording fairy tales. Darmancour, who became a soldier, showed no literary inclinations, and, when he died in 1700, his obituary made no mention of any connection with the tales. However, when Perrault senior died in 1703, the newspaper alluded to his being responsible for \"\"La Belle au bois dormant\"\", which the paper had published in 1696. Perrault's tale has been adapted to various",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13736572",
"chunk_text": "\"Ben Vereen\"\ncast opposite Jeff Goldblum in the short-lived detective series \"\"Tenspeed and Brown Shoe\"\" (1980). During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Vereen worked steadily on television with projects ranging from the sitcom \"\"Webster\"\" to the drama \"\"Silk Stalkings\"\". In 1985, Vereen starred in the Faerie Tale Theatre series as Puss in Boots alongside Gregory Hines. He appeared on \"\"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\"\" episode, “Papa’s Got a Brand New Excuse\"\", in which he played Will Smith's biological father, Lou Smith. He made several appearances on the 1980s sitcom \"\"Webster\"\" as the title character's biological uncle. He also appeared as Mayor",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13055427",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss n' Toots\"\nPuss n' Toots Puss n' Toots is a 1942 American one-reel animated cartoon and is the 6th \"\"Tom and Jerry\"\" short. It was produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on May 30, 1942 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer and re-issued on April 24, 1948 and again on August 8, 1958. It was animated by Pete Burness, George Gordon, Jack Zander, Irven Spence, and Bill Littlejohn with additional animation by Ray Abrams. The name of the short is an allusion to the fairy tale Puss 'n' Boots. Tom is watching Jerry fruitlessly trying to escape a bowl until the doorbell rings. Tom",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11869717",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (1999 film)\"\nmouse, the ogre escapes him and realizes the deception, then morphs into a large monster and attempts to kill the cat. But his necklace is stolen, and the princess, king, miller's son and cat are able to prevent him from catching the necklace by dawn. In the film, some mice are on the side of the miller's son following an initial confrontation with Puss in Boots. Puss in Boots (1999 film) Puss in Boots is an animated direct-to-video movie, created in 1999 by Phil Nibbelink. It is based on the story Puss in Boots. The film features the voices of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19837798",
"chunk_text": "\"Nagagutsu o Haita Neko: Sekai Isshū 80 Nichi Dai Bōken\"\nNagagutsu o Haita Neko: Sekai Isshū 80 Nichi Dai Bōken The main character is the Puss in Boots character from the tale; a cat named Pero (Toei Animation's mascot) He is also known as 'Perrault' in the game, as that was the name of the original author of the Puss In Boots story; Charles Perrault. He is known for helping an impoverished master attain wealth through the use of trickery. Loosely based on Jules Verne's classic novel \"\"Around the World in Eighty Days\"\" tied together with a classic anime, the player has 80 days in order to travel the world;",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10083363",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nseventeenth century by Charles Perrault (1628–1703), a retired civil servant and member of the \"\"Académie française\"\". The tale appeared in a handwritten and illustrated manuscript two years before its 1697 publication by Barbin in a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault called \"\"Histoires ou contes du temps passé\"\". The book was an instant success and remains popular. Perrault's \"\"Histoires\"\" has had considerable impact on world culture. The original Italian title of the first edition was \"\"Costantino Fortunato\"\", but was later known as \"\"Il gatto con gli stivali\"\" (lit. \"\"The cat with the boots\"\"); the French title was \"\"Histoires ou",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3669915",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\nhave rejected in the process of creating a work of art. One such vestigial passage is Puss's boots; his insistence upon the footwear is explained nowhere in the tale, it is not developed, nor is it referred to after its first mention except in an aside. According to the Opies, Perrault's great achievement was accepting fairy tales at \"\"their own level.\"\" He neither recounted them with impatience nor mockery, and without feeling that they needed any aggrandisement such as a frame story—although he must have felt it useful to end with a rhyming \"\"moralité\"\". Perrault would be revered today as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12044454",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (Shrek)\"\nsegment in Puss's life\"\" that taught him \"\"how to get along with other people\"\" and made him \"\"understand the value of friendships and relationships\"\". According to Langdale, \"\"the audience [would] willingly follow\"\" Puss's \"\"charm, charisma and appeal\"\". Antonio Banderas voiced Puss in the English dub of the \"\"Shrek\"\" franchise. Banderas said that his initial motivation to voice Puss was that he enjoyed the film \"\"Shrek\"\" (2001). According to the actor, he was chosen for the role of Puss because of his accent. The \"\"Shrek 2\"\" filmmakers showed him \"\"a lot of paintings of the character\"\", and he realized how \"\"little\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12044487",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots (Shrek)\"\nregarded as a source of comic relief. Critics have stated that Puss is similar to Zorro, and he was called \"\"a glorious reimagining of the swashbuckling charm of Zorro\"\". Reviewers have also said that Puss resembles Captain Jack Sparrow from the film series \"\"Pirates of the Caribbean\"\", due to him being a \"\"swashbuckling\"\", \"\"charismatic scene-stealer\"\". Puss has also been stated to share similarities with the characters Don Juan, Pepé Le Pew, and Tarzan. The character's design has been discussed and praised, with Jesse Hassenger of \"\"PopMatters\"\" calling Puss a \"\"spry, well-dressed\"\" cat. \"\"Comic Book Resources\"\" writer Rob Levin described him",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3669917",
"chunk_text": "\"Puss in Boots\"\ngood and bad persons because amoral tales such as \"\"Puss in Boots\"\" build character, not by offering choices between good and bad, but by giving the child hope that even the meekest can survive. Morality is of little concern in these tales, but rather, an assurance is provided that one can survive and succeed in life. Small children can do little on their own and may give up in disappointment and despair with their attempts. Fairy stories, however, give great dignity to the smallest achievements (such as befriending an animal or being befriended by an animal, as in \"\"Puss in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_993
|
when was the first nuclear power plant opened?
|
n/a
|
[
"December 20, 1951",
"June 27, 1954",
"On June 27, 1954",
"the USSR",
"December 2, 1942"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1161336",
"chunk_text": "Uranium\nanother reactor designed and operated by Argonne National Laboratory). The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954. Other early nuclear power plants were Calder Hall in England, which began generation on 17 October 1956, and the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, which began on 26 May 1958. Nuclear power was used for the first time for propulsion by a submarine, the USS \"\"Nautilus\"\", in 1954. In 1972, the French physicist Francis Perrin discovered fifteen ancient and no longer active natural nuclear fission reactors in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10766530",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power plant\"\n1954, the world's first nuclear power station to generate electricity for a power grid started operations at the Soviet city of Obninsk. The world's first full scale power station, Calder Hall in England, opened on October 17, 1956. The world's first full scale power station solely devoted to electricity production (Calder Hall was also meant to produce plutonium), Shippingport power plant in the United States, connected to the grid on December 18, 1957. The key components common to current nuclear power plants are: The conversion to electrical energy takes place indirectly, as in conventional thermal power stations. The fission in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8500393",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power in the United States\"\nof reactors to generate steam to drive turbines turning generators. In April 1957, the SM-1 Nuclear Reactor in Fort Belvoir, Virginia was the first atomic power generator to go online and produce electrical energy to the U.S. power grid. On May 26, 1958 the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States, Shippingport Atomic Power Station, was opened by President Dwight D. Eisenhower as part of his Atoms for Peace program. As nuclear power continued to grow throughout the 1960s, the Atomic Energy Commission anticipated that more than 1,000 reactors would be operating in the United States by 2000.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "144593",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power\"\nfirst of a fleet of dual-purpose MAGNOX reactors, though officially code-named PIPPA(Pressurized Pile Producing Power and Plutonium) by the UKAEA to denote the plant's dual commercial and military role. The U.S. Army, nuclear power program, formally commenced in 1954. Under its management, the 2 megawatt SM-1, at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, was the first in the United States to supply electricity in an industrial capacity to the commercial grid (VEPCO), in April 1957. The first commercial nuclear station to become operational in the United States was the 60 MW Shippingport Reactor (Pennsylvania, in December 1957. The 3 MW SL-1 was a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10766529",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power plant\"\nmaintenance (O&M) and fuel costs are, along with hydropower stations, at the low end of the spectrum and make them suitable as base-load power suppliers. The cost of spent fuel management, however, is somewhat uncertain. Electricity was generated by a nuclear reactor for the first time ever on September 3, 1948 at the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee in the United States, which was the first nuclear power station to power a light bulb. The second, larger experiment occurred on December 20, 1951 at the EBR-I experimental station near Arco, Idaho in the United States. On June 27,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7718655",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power in Germany\"\nAs in many industrialised countries, nuclear power in Germany was first developed in the late 1950s. Only a few experimental reactors went online before 1960, and an experimental nuclear power station in Kahl am Main opened in 1960. All of the German nuclear power plants that opened between 1960 and 1970 had - like otherways in the whole world - a power output of less than 1,000 MW and have now all closed down. The first almost fully commercial nuclear power plant started operating in 1969: Obrigheim operated until 2005, where it was shutdown by phaseout decision of the government.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11423571",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power\"\nrecord of the demonstration, of supplying some 2 megawatts(2 MW) of electricity, was presented to the United Nations, Where at the \"\"First Geneva Conference\"\", the world's largest gathering of scientists and engineers, met to explore the technology in that year. In 1957 EURATOM was launched alongside the European Economic Community (the latter is now the European Union). The same year also saw the launch of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The world's first \"\"commercial nuclear power station\"\", Calder Hall at Windscale, England, was opened in 1956 with an initial capacity of 50 MW (later 200 MW), it was the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4881428",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear reactor\"\n8 December 1953. This diplomacy led to the dissemination of reactor technology to U.S. institutions and worldwide. The first nuclear power plant built for civil purposes was the AM-1 Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, launched on 27 June 1954 in the Soviet Union. It produced around 5 MW (electrical). After World War II, the U.S. military sought other uses for nuclear reactor technology. Research by the Army and the Air Force never came to fruition; however, the U.S. Navy succeeded when they steamed the USS \"\"Nautilus\"\" (SSN-571) on nuclear power 17 January 1955. The first commercial nuclear power station, Calder Hall",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17242990",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear technology\"\nwith the help of the United Kingdom and Canada, developed multiple fission weapons which were used against Japan in 1945 at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. During the project, the first fission reactors were developed as well, though they were primarily for weapons manufacture and did not generate electricity. In 1951, the first nuclear fission power plant was the first to produce electricity at the Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1 (EBR-1), in Arco, Idaho, ushering in the \"\"Atomic Age\"\" of more intensive human energy use. However, if the mass is critical only when the delayed neutrons are included, then the reaction can",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "144591",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power\"\nenvironment resulting from damage to a reactor core). with the U.S. Navy fleet of nuclear-powered ships, standing at some 80 vessels as of 2018. On June 27, 1954, the USSR's Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, based on what would become the prototype of the RBMK reactor design, became the world's first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a power grid, producing around 5 megawatts of electric power. On July 17, 1955 the BORAX III reactor, the prototype to later Boiling Water Reactors, became the first to generate electricity for an entire community, the town of Arco, Idaho. A motion picture",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15260294",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear fission\"\nand Nagasaki. In the years after World War II, many countries were involved in the further development of nuclear fission for the purposes of nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. The UK opened the first commercial nuclear power plant in 1956. By 2013, there were 437 reactors in 31 countries. Criticality in nature is uncommon. At three ore deposits at Oklo in Gabon, sixteen sites (the so-called Oklo Fossil Reactors) have been discovered at which self-sustaining nuclear fission took place approximately 2 billion years ago. Unknown until 1972 (but postulated by Paul Kuroda in 1956), when French physicist Francis Perrin discovered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5323490",
"chunk_text": "\"Experimental Breeder Reactor I\"\nExperimental Breeder Reactor I Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) is a decommissioned research reactor and U.S. National Historic Landmark located in the desert about southeast of Arco, Idaho. It was the world's first breeder reactor. At 1:50 p.m. on December 20, 1951, it became one of the world's first electricity-generating nuclear power plants when it produced sufficient electricity to illuminate four 200-watt light bulbs. Electricity had earlier been generated by a nuclear reactor on September 3, 1948 at the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. EBR-I subsequently generated sufficient electricity to power its building, and continued to be used",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2009479",
"chunk_text": "\"Science and technology in the United States\"\nphilanthropy and private industry alone. This increased expenditure on scientific research and education propelled the United States to the forefront of the international scientific community—an amazing feat for a country which only a few decades before still had to send its most promising students to Europe for extensive scientific education. The first US commercial nuclear power plant started operation in Illinois in 1956. At the time, the future for nuclear energy in the United States looked bright. But opponents criticized the safety of power plants and questioned whether safe disposal of nuclear waste could be assured. A 1979 accident at",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8500394",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power in the United States\"\nAs the industry continued to expand, the Atomic Energy Commission's development and regulatory functions were separated in 1974; the Department of Energy absorbed research and development, while the regulatory branch was spun off and turned into an independent commission known as the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC or simply NRC). There has been considerable opposition to the use of nuclear power in the U.S. The first U.S. reactor to face public opposition was Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station in 1957. It was built approximately 30 miles from Detroit and there was opposition from the United Auto Workers Union. Pacific Gas",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13698798",
"chunk_text": "\"History of electricity sector in Canada\"\nLimited began working on an experimental nuclear power plant, the Nuclear Power Demonstration, in Rolphton, Ontario, not far from Chalk River. The 22 MW reactor generated Canada's first nuclear energy to the grid on June 4, 1962. The first full-scale nuclear power plant, the Douglas Point Nuclear Generating Station, entered commercial service on September 26, 1968. Douglas Point generated 220 MW and was built for $91 million. The CANDU reactor was then built at three locations in Ontario in the next 25 years, in Pickering, Bruce County and Clarington. On the 20 nuclear reactors operational in Canada, only two are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9830877",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power\"\nthe cusp of World War II, for the development of a nuclear weapon. In the United States, where Fermi and Szilárd had both emigrated, the discovery of the nuclear chain reaction led to the creation of the first man-made reactor, known as Chicago Pile-1, which achieved criticality on December 2, 1942. This work became part of the Manhattan Project, a massive secret U.S. government military project to make enriched uranium and by building large production reactors to produce (\"\"breed\"\") plutonium for use in the first nuclear weapons. The United States would test an atom bomb in July 1945 with the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13709662",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear Power Demonstration\"\ncenter for generations of Canadian and off-shore CANDU operations staff. This role began shortly after the start of operation, when a training program was set up by Ontario Hydro. In December 1961, the major construction phase was concluded and system testing was in full swing. Criticality was first attained on April 11, 1962, and first steam of nuclear origin was produced on May 8. The first electrical power was fed to the system on June 4, and on June 28 first full-power generation of 20 MW(e) gross was attained. NPD began operation in 1962 and was operational until 1987, long",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5851801",
"chunk_text": "Sellafield\ntreatment and storage. Calder Hall, first connected to the grid on 27 August 1956 and officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 17 October 1956, was the world's first power station to generate electricity on an industrial scale (four 60 MWe reactors) from nuclear energy; a 5 MWe experimental reactor at Obninsk in the Soviet Union had been connected to the public supply in 1954, and was the world's first nuclear power plant. The Calder Hall design was codenamed PIPPA (Pressurised Pile Producing Power and Plutonium) by the UKAEA to denote the plant's dual commercial and military role. Construction started",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20995225",
"chunk_text": "\"Experimental Breeder Reactor I\"\nIt was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965 with its dedication ceremony held on August 25, 1966, led by President Lyndon Johnson and Glenn T. Seaborg. It was also declared an IEEE Milestone in 2004. Experimental Breeder Reactor I Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) is a decommissioned research reactor and U.S. National Historic Landmark located in the desert about southeast of Arco, Idaho. It was the world's first breeder reactor. At 1:50 p.m. on December 20, 1951, it became one of the world's first electricity-generating nuclear power plants when it produced sufficient electricity to illuminate four 200-watt light bulbs.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9630522",
"chunk_text": "\"B Reactor\"\nB Reactor The B Reactor at the Hanford Site, near Richland, Washington, was the first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built. The project was commissioned to produce plutonium-239 by neutron activation as part of the Manhattan Project, the United States nuclear weapons development program during World War II. The B reactor was fueled with metallic natural uranium, graphite moderated, and water-cooled. It has been designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark since August 19, 2008 and in July 2011 the National Park Service recommended that the B Reactor be included in the Manhattan Project National Historical Park commemorating the Manhattan Project. Visitors",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8500395",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power in the United States\"\n& Electric planned to build the first commercially viable nuclear power plant in the USA at Bodega Bay, north of San Francisco. The proposal was controversial and conflict with local citizens began in 1958. The conflict ended in 1964, with the forced abandonment of plans for the power plant. Historian Thomas Wellock traces the birth of the anti-nuclear movement to the controversy over Bodega Bay. Attempts to build a nuclear power plant in Malibu were similar to those at Bodega Bay and were also abandoned. Nuclear accidents continued into the 1960s with a small test reactor exploding at the Stationary",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15261447",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power\"\nwar, Seaborg and others would file hundreds of initially classifed patents, most notably Eugene Wigner and Alvin Weinberg's Patent #2,736,696, on a conceptual light water reactor (LWR) that would later become the United States' primary reactor for naval propulsion and later take up the greatest share of the commercial fission-electric landscape. The United Kingdom, Canada, and the USSR proceeded to research and develop nuclear energy over the course of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Electricity was generated for the first time by a nuclear reactor on December 20, 1951, at the EBR-I experimental station near Arco, Idaho, which initially",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12580570",
"chunk_text": "\"Oldbury Nuclear Power Station\"\nan urban area twice the size of Bristol. Reactor 1 went critical on 18 September 1967 and first generated electricity on 9 November 1967, Reactor 2 started generating electricity in April 1968. The construction was undertaken by a consortium known as The Nuclear Power Group ('TNPG'). The reactors were supplied by TNPG and the turbines by AEI and C. A. Parsons & Co. The main civil engineering contractor was Sir Robert McAlpine. Construction on site began in 1961. Oldbury was the first nuclear power station in the UK to use prestressed concrete pressure vessels, earlier Magnox reactors having used steel",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14675680",
"chunk_text": "\"Shippingport Atomic Power Station\"\nShippingport Atomic Power Station The Shippingport Atomic Power Station was (according to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission) the world’s first full-scale atomic electric power plant devoted exclusively to peacetime uses. It was located near the present-day Beaver Valley Nuclear Generating Station on the Ohio River in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, about 25 miles (40 km) from Pittsburgh. The reactor reached criticality on December 2, 1957, and aside from stoppages for three core changes, it remained in operation until October 1982. The first electrical power was produced on December 18, 1957 as engineers synchronized the plant with the distribution grid",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4153996",
"chunk_text": "ZEEP\nZEEP The ZEEP (Zero Energy Experimental Pile) reactor was a nuclear reactor built at the Chalk River Laboratories near Chalk River, Ontario, Canada (which superseded the Montreal Laboratory for nuclear research in Canada). ZEEP first went critical at 15:45 on September 5, 1945. ZEEP's was the first operational nuclear reactor outside the United States. The reactor was designed by Canadian, British and French scientists as a part of an effort to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons during World War II. It was developed while the Montreal Laboratory and Chalk River Laboratories research facility were under the supervision of the National",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3570661",
"chunk_text": "Uranium\nX-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile) and was the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation. Argonne National Laboratory's Experimental Breeder Reactor I, located at the Atomic Energy Commission's National Reactor Testing Station near Arco, Idaho, became the first nuclear reactor to create electricity on 20 December 1951. Initially, four 150-watt light bulbs were lit by the reactor, but improvements eventually enabled it to power the whole facility (later, the town of Arco became the first in the world to have all its electricity come from nuclear power generated by BORAX-III,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11423535",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear reactor\"\nin Sellafield, England was opened in 1956 with an initial capacity of 50 MW (later 200 MW). The first portable nuclear reactor \"\"Alco PM-2A\"\" used to generate electrical power (2 MW) for Camp Century from 1960. Nuclear Reactors are classified by several methods; a brief outline of these classification methods is provided. All commercial power reactors are based on nuclear fission. They generally use uranium and its product plutonium as nuclear fuel, though a thorium fuel cycle is also possible. Fission reactors can be divided roughly into two classes, depending on the energy of the neutrons that sustain the fission",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15261411",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear reactor\"\nwhich supported a pile (hence the name) of graphite blocks, embedded in which was natural uranium-oxide 'pseudospheres' or 'briquettes'. Soon after the Chicago Pile, the U.S. military developed a number of nuclear reactors for the Manhattan Project starting in 1943. The primary purpose for the largest reactors (located at the Hanford Site in Washington), was the mass production of plutonium for nuclear weapons. Fermi and Szilard applied for a patent on reactors on 19 December 1944. Its issuance was delayed for 10 years because of wartime secrecy. \"\"World's first nuclear power plant\"\" is the claim made by signs at the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5976640",
"chunk_text": "\"Institute for Energy Technology\"\nestablishment, with a focus on civil use of nuclear power. Institute for Nuclear Energy (IFA) was established in 1948 as a civil offspring from the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) with Gunnar Randers as President until 1970. Norway’s first nuclear reactor (JEEP) went into operation at Kjeller in 1951. It went critical for the first time June 30, 1951. At this time only the great powers in the world: United States, United Kingdom, France, the Soviet Union and Canada had managed to build and put nuclear reactors in operation. In the 1980s IFE reformed its programme profile. Public financing was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8030284",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power in China\"\nis also involved in the development of nuclear fusion reactors through its participation in the ITER project, having constructed an experimental nuclear fusion reactor known as EAST located in Hefei, as well as research and development into the thorium fuel cycle as a potential alternative means of nuclear fission. In 1955, the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) was established. On 8 February 1970, China issued its first nuclear power plan, and the \"\"728 Institute\"\" (now called Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute) was founded. On 15 December 1991, China's first nuclear power reactor, a 288 MWe PWR at the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4336314",
"chunk_text": "\"Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant\"\nObninsk Nuclear Power Plant Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (, \"\"Obninskaja AES\"\" []) was built in the \"\"Science City\"\" of Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast, about 110 km southwest of Moscow. It was the first grid-connected nuclear power plant in the world, i.e. the first nuclear reactor that produced electricity industrially, albeit at small scale. It was located at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering. The plant is also known as APS-1 Obninsk (Atomic Power Station 1 Obninsk). It remained in operation between 1954 and 2002, although its production of electricity for the grid ceased in 1959; thereafter it functioned as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9783877",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear Energy (sculpture)\"\nNuclear Energy (sculpture) Nuclear Energy (1964–66) (LH 526) is a bronze sculpture by Henry Moore that is located on the campus of the University of Chicago at the site of the world's first nuclear reactor, Chicago Pile-1. The first human-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated here on December 2, 1942. \"\"Nuclear Energy\"\" is located on Ellis Avenue, between the Max Palevsky West dormitory and the Mansueto Library in the Hyde Park community area of Chicago. The location commemorates the exact location where the Manhattan Project team devised the first nuclear reactor to produce the first self-sustaining controlled nuclear reaction",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4260407",
"chunk_text": "N-Reactor\nN-Reactor The N-Reactor was a water/graphite-moderated nuclear reactor constructed during the Cold War and operated by the U.S. government at the Hanford Site in Washington; it began production in 1963. It was a one-of-a-kind design in the U.S., being both a plutonium production reactor for nuclear weapons and, from 1966, producing steam to allow production of electricity to feed the civilian power grid via the Washington Public Power Supply System or WPPSS. In an improvement on the earlier Hanford reactors, N-Reactor was built with a confinement building (although not a containment building). In the event of an accidental release of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12626518",
"chunk_text": "\"Trawsfynydd nuclear power station\"\nInternational Combustion, Fairey Engineering and Richardsons Westgarth, and known as the Atomic Power Constructions (APC), began in July 1959, and both of the reactors were in operation by March 1965, with the station opening fully in October 1968, at a cost of £103 million. It had two Magnox reactors producing 470 megawatts (MW) in total. The reactors were supplied by APC and the turbines by Richardsons Westgarth. The civil engineering work was undertaken by Holland, Hannen & Cubitts and Trollope & Colls. The architectural consultant for the buildings was Sir Basil Spence and the landscape architect was Sylvia Crowe. Nuclear",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9630532",
"chunk_text": "\"B Reactor\"\nB Reactor, Bruggemann's Warehouse, Hanford High School, Pump House, and White Bluffs Bank. B Reactor The B Reactor at the Hanford Site, near Richland, Washington, was the first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built. The project was commissioned to produce plutonium-239 by neutron activation as part of the Manhattan Project, the United States nuclear weapons development program during World War II. The B reactor was fueled with metallic natural uranium, graphite moderated, and water-cooled. It has been designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark since August 19, 2008 and in July 2011 the National Park Service recommended that the B Reactor be",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11540881",
"chunk_text": "\"Sodium Reactor Experiment\"\nSodium Reactor Experiment The Sodium Reactor Experiment was a pioneering nuclear power plant built by Atomics International at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory near Simi Valley, California. The reactor operated from 1957 to 1964. On July 12, 1957 the Sodium Reactor Experiment became the first nuclear reactor in the United States to produce electrical power for a commercial power grid by powering the nearby city of Moorpark. In July 1959, the reactor experienced a partial meltdown where 13 of the reactor's 43 fuel elements partially melted, and a controlled release of radioactive gas into the atmosphere occurred. The reactor was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18067964",
"chunk_text": "SM-1\nsteam generator, while Westinghouse Electric Corporation supplied the canned-rotor pumps, General Electric supplied the turbine and generator, the Lummus Company supplied the condenser, and Minneapolis-Honeywell installed the controls. By late October 1955, the Army pushed ALCO to accelerate construction towards a completion date of 10 July 1957. As a result, all major work was completed by March 1957. Construction was completed in 18-months, the SM-1 reactor achieved first criticality on 8 April 1957, and the plant was formally opened in a public ceremony on 29 April 1957. Designed as a small-scale, pressurized-water, commercial nuclear power plant the power output from",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8797796",
"chunk_text": "Magnox\nvery small non-commercial quantities on 1 December 1954). The first connection to the grid was on 27 August 1956, and the plant was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 17 October 1956. When the station closed on 31 March 2003, the first reactor had been in use for nearly 47 years. The first two stations (Calder Hall and Chapelcross) were originally owned by the UKAEA and primarily used in their early life to produce weapons-grade plutonium, with two fuel loads per year. From 1964 they were mainly used on commercial fuel cycles and in April 1995 the UK Government",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4336316",
"chunk_text": "\"Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant\"\noutput was 30 MW. It was a prototype design using a graphite moderator and water coolant. This reactor was a forerunner of the RBMK reactors. The Obninsk reactor used 5% enriched uranium; this percentage would be lowered for subsequent reactors. Construction started on 1 January 1951. First criticality was achieved on 6 May 1954, and the first grid connection was made on 27 June 1954. For around four years, until the opening of the Siberian Nuclear Power Station, Obninsk remained the only nuclear power reactor in the Soviet Union; the power plant remained active until 29 April 2002 when it",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14358705",
"chunk_text": "\"Yankee Rowe Nuclear Power Station\"\nbasis and relied on several technologies that would not be embraced by the commercial operators. The Dresden Generating Station, a commercial boiling water reactor (BWR), slightly preceded the opening of Yankee Rowe in 1960. US government sources place the first self-sustaining nuclear reaction at Dresden-1 on 15 October 1959 and the first one at Yankee Rowe on 19 August 1960. Yankee Rowe began commercial operation in 1961. It has also been named as the first large-scale nuclear unit in the United States. \"\"Yankee Atomic Electric Company\"\" (YAEC) was incorporated in Massachusetts in 1954. YAEC was sponsored by ten New England",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5434543",
"chunk_text": "\"Shippingport Atomic Power Station\"\nbroken on Labor Day, September 9, 1954. President Eisenhower remotely initiated the first scoop of dirt at the ceremony. The reactor achieved first criticality at 4:30 AM on December 2, 1957. Sixteen days later, on December 18, the first electrical power was generated and full power was achieved on December 23, 1957, although the station remained in test mode. Eisenhower opened the Shippingport Atomic Power Station on May 26, 1958. The plant was built in 32 months at a cost of $72.5 million. The type of reactor used at Shippingport was a matter of expediency. The Atomic Energy Commission urged",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14252366",
"chunk_text": "\"Dodewaard nuclear power plant\"\nDodewaard nuclear power plant Dodewaard nuclear power plant was a nuclear power plant with a boiling water reactor (BWR) of General Electric in the Dutch town of Dodewaard. The plant halted energy production in 1997. The plant in Dodewaard was the first nuclear power plant established in the Netherlands. It was built by the Dutch government, mainly as a means to obtain know-how about the construction and exploitation of a nuclear power plant. The plant was therefore relatively small with a net output of only 58 MW. Construction was started in 1965 and the facility opened on March 26, 1969,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17048759",
"chunk_text": "\"History of nuclear weapons\"\ntest of the weapon. On July 16, 1945, in the desert north of Alamogordo, New Mexico, the first nuclear test took place, code-named \"\"Trinity\"\", using a device nicknamed \"\"the gadget.\"\" The test, a plutonium implosion type device, released energy equivalent to 19 kilotons of TNT, far more powerful than any weapon ever used before. The news of the test's success was rushed to Truman at the Potsdam Conference, where Churchill was briefed and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin was informed of the new weapon. On July 26, the Potsdam Declaration was issued containing an ultimatum for Japan: either surrender or suffer",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19693059",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power in Canada\"\nand Canadian General Electric to build Canada's first nuclear power plant, Nuclear Power Demonstration (NPD). The 20 MW NPD started operation in June 1962 and demonstrated the unique concepts of on-power refueling using natural uranium fuel, and heavy water moderator and coolant. These features formed the basis of a fleet of CANDU power reactors (CANDU is an acronym for CANada Deuterium Uranium) built and operated in Canada and elsewhere. Starting in 1961, AECL led the construction of 24 commercial CANDU reactors in Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick. The first full-scale CANDU reactor entered service on September 26, 1968, at Douglas",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1824199",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear explosion\"\ndebris. The first man made nuclear explosion occurred on July 16, 1945 at 5:50 am on the Trinity Test Site near Alamogordo, New Mexico in the United States, an area now known as the White Sands Missile Range. The event involved the full-scale testing of an implosion-type fission atomic bomb. In a memorandum to the U.S. Secretary of War, General Leslie Groves describes the yield as equivalent to 15,000 to 20,000 tons of TNT. Following this test, a uranium-gun type nuclear bomb (Little Boy) was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, with a blast yield",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9641093",
"chunk_text": "\"Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station\"\nsite. The first unit's construction started on August 4, 1956 and reached initial criticality on August 23, 1963, and the second unit received its construction permit on September 26, 1972. It reached criticality (head on) in June 21, 1985 and was declared commercial on November 18, 1988. The plant is connected to two single-circuit 345 kV Transmission Lines and 3 120 kV lines. They are operated and maintained by ITC Transmission. The plant is named after the Italian nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi, most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor as well as many other",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7530707",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power in the United Kingdom\"\nplutonium was the main reason behind this power station. Calder Hall was the world's first nuclear power station to deliver electricity in commercial quantities (although the 5 MW \"\"semi-experimental\"\" reactor at Obninsk in the Soviet Union was connected to the public supply in 1954). In February 1966 it was announced that the first prototype fast breeder reactor in the United Kingdom would be constructed in Dounreay, Scotland, at a cost of £30 million. British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) was established in February 1971 from the demerger of the production division of the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA). In 1984 BNFL",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18302504",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power in India\"\nheavy water for the reactor. Construction of the reactor began later in 1956, with Indian technical personnel sent to Chalk River for training. CIRUS was completed in early 1960 and after achieving criticality in July 1960, was inaugurated by Nehru in January 1961. Construction of a third research reactor, ZERLINA (Zero Energy Reactor for Lattice Investigations and New Assemblies) began at Trombay in 1958; ZERLINA was also commissioned in 1961. In September 1955, the question of building a commercial nuclear power station was raised in Parliament. Shortly after the world's first commercial nuclear power plant came online at Obninsk in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18926482",
"chunk_text": "\"Chicago Pile-1\"\nChicago Pile-1 Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first nuclear reactor. On 2 December 1942, the first human-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated in CP-1, during an experiment led by Enrico Fermi. The reactor's development was part of the Manhattan Project, the Allied effort to create atomic bombs during World War II. It was built by the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago, under the west viewing stands of the original Stagg Field. Fermi described the apparatus as \"\"a crude pile of black bricks and wooden timbers\"\". The reactor was assembled in November 1942, by a team that",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8500390",
"chunk_text": "\"Nuclear power in the United States\"\nthe early afternoon of December 20, 1951, Argonne director Walter Zinn and fifteen other Argonne staff members witnessed a row of four light bulbs light up in a nondescript brick building in the eastern Idaho desert. Electricity from a generator connected to Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) flowed through them. This was the first time that a usable amount of electrical power had ever been generated from nuclear fission. Only days afterward, the reactor produced all the electricity needed for the entire EBR complex. One ton of natural uranium can produce more than 40 gigawatt-hours of electricity — this is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_994
|
where does the last name waters come from?
|
n/a
|
[
"Wales and Yorkshire",
"Yorkshire",
"Wales"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2833758",
"chunk_text": "\"Bywater (surname)\"\nBywater (surname) Bywater is an uncommon English surname of Anglo-Saxon origin and can most frequently be found in the English region of Yorkshire. It is a topographical surname given to those who were situated near a body of water. Bywater is an uncommon surname of Anglo-Saxon origin. It is a topographical surname given to those who were situated near a body of water. The name derives from the merger of the Old English words \"\"bi\"\" (Middle English: \"\"by\"\") and \"\"waeter\"\" (Middle English: \"\"water\"\") to form \"\"biwaeter\"\". Topographical surnames are among the earliest created, because natural and artificial features in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2833760",
"chunk_text": "\"Bywater (surname)\"\nan even lesser extent in London and other parts of the UK, as well as former British colonies in the United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, who themselves are descendants from individuals who emigrated from Yorkshire. Bywater (surname) Bywater is an uncommon English surname of Anglo-Saxon origin and can most frequently be found in the English region of Yorkshire. It is a topographical surname given to those who were situated near a body of water. Bywater is an uncommon surname of Anglo-Saxon origin. It is a topographical surname given to those who were situated near a body",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10770976",
"chunk_text": "Springborn\nWisconsin, followed by Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota and Ohio. The count is low in other states. Springborn Springborn is a surname of Low German origin. The surname Springborn goes back to the place of living of the first carrier of that surname in medieval times, who lived in the vicinity of a spring or water well. \"\"Springborn\"\" is of German, specifically Middle Low German origin. Its two parts have the meaning \"\"sprink\"\" = ‚spring‘, and \"\"born\"\" = ‚well‘. Because the surname came into being in the region of the Low German language it is not surprising that most of the Springborns",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16330817",
"chunk_text": "Springborn\nSpringborn Springborn is a surname of Low German origin. The surname Springborn goes back to the place of living of the first carrier of that surname in medieval times, who lived in the vicinity of a spring or water well. \"\"Springborn\"\" is of German, specifically Middle Low German origin. Its two parts have the meaning \"\"sprink\"\" = ‚spring‘, and \"\"born\"\" = ‚well‘. Because the surname came into being in the region of the Low German language it is not surprising that most of the Springborns in Germany are to find in Northern German states. The same meaning as the surname",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18881670",
"chunk_text": "\"Eddy (surname)\"\nEddy (surname) The surname Eddy is used by descendants of a number of English, Irish and Scottish families. Frank R. Holmes, in his \"\"Directory of the Ancestral Heads of New England Families, 1600-1700\"\", proposes two possible origins; the Gaelic \"\"eddee\"\", \"\"instructor\"\", or from the Saxon \"\"ed\"\" and \"\"ea\"\", \"\"backwards\"\" and \"\"water\"\", a whirlpool or eddy, making the surname Eddy a place-name. Another possible origin is the Saxon root \"\"ead\"\", \"\"success\"\" or \"\"prosperity\"\". \"\"Ead\"\" occurs in numerous commonly used names, as Edgar, Edmund, Edward, Edwin, and the outdated Edwy. John Eddy of Taunton spells the name Eddway in the earliest record",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6779794",
"chunk_text": "\"Brooks (surname)\"\nBrooks (surname) Brooks is a toponymic surname that is thought to have been derived residing near a stream (or brook) from both the Swedish surname Bäckland, meaning bäck \"\"brook, stream\"\" and lund \"\"grove\"\" and English , Gaelic and Scottish from the possessive case of Brook (i.e. ‘of the brook’) from pre 7th century English origins; Old English broc and appearing in the Medieval predecessors of \"\"Brooks\"\" such as \"\"Ate-Broc\"\" and \"\"Atte-Broc\"\". The surname Brooks has many Germanic (Anglo Saxon) links and is sometimes associated with the countries Denmark , Sweden and Norway within Scandinavia and has wide links to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10061571",
"chunk_text": "\"Clyde (surname)\"\nClyde (surname) Clyde is a surname, and may refer to: This surname originated in Celtic times, and was used in Scotland and Ulster as a name for people who lived by the banks of the River Clyde, which flows through Glasgow. The origin of the river's name comes from the gaelic name \"\"Cluaidh\"\", the original meaning of which is now unclear. Some believe it is derived from the Brythonic word \"\"clut\"\", meaning \"\"the cleansing one\"\". There was also a Celtic goddess named Clota, who was considered the guardian of the river, and the Roman name for the river was Clota.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10061570",
"chunk_text": "\"Clyde (surname)\"\nClyde (surname) Clyde is a surname, and may refer to: This surname originated in Celtic times, and was used in Scotland and Ulster as a name for people who lived by the banks of the River Clyde, which flows through Glasgow. The origin of the river's name comes from the gaelic name \"\"Cluaidh\"\", the original meaning of which is now unclear. Some believe it is derived from the Brythonic word \"\"clut\"\", meaning \"\"the cleansing one\"\". There was also a Celtic goddess named Clota, who was considered the guardian of the river, and the Roman name for the river was Clota.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18668181",
"chunk_text": "\"Wells (name)\"\nWells (name) Wells is a surname of English origin, but is occasionally used as a given name too. It derives from occupation, location, and topography. The occupational name (i.e. \"\"Wellman\"\") derives from the person responsible for a village's spring. The locational name (i.e. \"\"Well\"\") derives from the pre-7th century \"\"waella\"\" (\"\"spring\"\"). The topographical name (i.e. \"\"Attewell\"\") derives from living near a spring. The oldest public record is found in 1177 in the county of Norfolk. Variations of Wells include Well, Welman, Welles, Wellman and Wellsman. At the time of the British Census of 1881 Wells Surname at Forebears, its relative",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3948721",
"chunk_text": "Wotherspoon\nof more enlightened students.\"\" Various hypotheses have been given for its origins since. It is sometimes noted that Wotherspoon originated in the ancient kingdom of Dalriada. However, despite this Gaelic background, the theories in current circulation suggest its linguistic origins derive from either the English or Norse invasions into Scotland. The etymology for the Old English theory postulates that the name derives from the term \"\"wether\"\" meaning sheep or ram, and \"\"spong\"\" meaning a narrow strip of land. The Old Norse etymology suggests that Wotherspoon means \"\"water span\"\" deriving from vatn (water) and spenna (span). Wotherspoon Wotherspoon is a surname",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16143636",
"chunk_text": "\"Morgan (given name)\"\nwhere it is traditionally a male name. Sometimes, for girls, the name can also be spelt \"\"Morgane\"\". The male and female names may not be the same name in origin. The male name is a descendant of Old Welsh \"\"Morcant\"\", possibly derived from \"\"mor\"\" (meaning \"\"sea\"\") and \"\"cant\"\" (meaning \"\"circle\"\"), with the meaning \"\"sea chief\"\" or \"\"sea defender\"\". For the etymology of the female version of the name, see here. Morgan is not only a first name, it is also a surname used mostly in the United States. Morgan (given name) Morgan is a Celtic name of Welsh origin. The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13273724",
"chunk_text": "\"Drown (surname)\"\nDrown (surname) Drown is a surname which originated in Yorkshire, England. It is the Americanization of the Surname Drowne. Many branches of this family dropped the E during the late 18th century as a part of the American Spelling Reform movement, forming the surname Drown. It is possibly derived from the Middle English word \"\"drane\"\", or drone, the male honey bee. The first Drowne/Drown in North America was Leonard Drowne (1646–1729) who came from Penryn, Cornwall to what was then part of Kittery in Massachusetts soon after the Restoration (England) of the monarchy in 1660. Leonard, a ship-wright, established a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4480791",
"chunk_text": "Surname\nÓ Creachmhaoil, derived from a village in County Galway. This is thought to be due to the tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages for migration to chiefly be from smaller communities to the cities and the need for new arrivals to choose a defining surname. In Portuguese-speaking countries, it is uncommon, but not unprecedented, to find surnames derived from names of countries, such as Portugal, França, Brasil, Holanda. Many Japanese surnames derive from geographical features; for example, Ishikawa (石川) means \"\"stone river\"\", Yamamoto (山本) means \"\"the base of the mountain\"\", and Inoue (井上) means \"\"above the well\"\". Arabic names",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "14563507",
"chunk_text": "\"Calderwood (surname)\"\nCalderwood (surname) Calderwood is a place-derived surname, of Brythonic and Old English origins in Lanarkshire Scotland. The derivation of Calder has been described as originating from the Old English (pre 800s) 'ceald', cold and 'wudu', a wood. However, as the earliest records of this surname relate to the ancient Barony of Calderwood in Lanarkshire Scotland (A County with several Calder Rivers named at an early period) then an early dialect of Welsh (Brythonic) gives the historically sound derivation of 'Cal Dur' for 'spiritual water' or 'sounding water in the woods'. Calderwood Castle in the opinion of many genealogical groups is",
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"chunk_id": "8576731",
"chunk_text": "Gotts\non surname origins, though there are no known family trees showing any linkage back to these references. These references generally confuse the name Gott and Gotts/Gottes into single sources. Bardsley's Dictionary of English & Welsh surnames describes the name Gott as a locative name referring to a water channel or drain as per goyt. Earliest reference quoted is in 1379 in Yorkshire. Reaney's Dictionary of English Surnames suggests its origin as Gott, Gotts from the name Gotte, quoting references of Gotte filius Wulfrici 1188 in York, and Geoffrey Gottes in Norfolk 1348. The name Gocelin (pronounced Gotselin) is suggested as",
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"page_id": 14
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"chunk_id": "5175535",
"chunk_text": "\"Currie (surname)\"\n\"\"McVurich\"\" and \"\"McCurrie\"\" first appeared in the 17th century, and by the 18th century Currie is found on Islay, and on Uist by the 19th century. Another origin of the surname is from Curry, in Somerset, England. In some cases the name may also be derived from the Old French \"\"curie\"\", which means \"\"kitchen\"\". Early forms of the surname include: \"\"æt Curi\"\", in about 1075; and \"\"de Cury\"\", in 1212. Both forms are derived from the place name in Somerset. Other early forms include: \"\"atte Curie\"\", in SRS 1327; and \"\"atte Corye\"\". Early forms of the surname, derived from a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 15
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"chunk_id": "14068532",
"chunk_text": "\"Wood (surname)\"\n\"\"de Bosco\"\" (from the Old French \"\"bois\"\", meaning \"\"wood\"\"). Another derivation for the surname is from a nickname of an eccentric or violent person, derived from the Old English \"\"wōd\"\", \"\"wad\"\", and Middle English \"\"wod\"\", \"\"wode\"\", all meaning \"\"frenzied\"\" or \"\"wild\"\". This derivation is considered to be much less common than the locational origin. An early occurrence of the surname derived in this fashion (from a nickname) is \"\"le Wode\"\", recorded in Worcestershire, England, in 1221. Variations of the name include the surnames \"\"Woodd\"\", \"\"Woode\"\", \"\"Woods\"\", \"\"Wod\"\", and \"\"Wode\"\". The equivalent name in German is \"\"Wald\"\", and in many cases,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "10645301",
"chunk_text": "\"Brooks (surname)\"\nderiving from the male Hebrew given name \"\"Boruch\"\", meaning \"\"blessed\"\". The surname Brooks is shared by many notable people: Brooks (surname) Brooks is a toponymic surname that is thought to have been derived residing near a stream (or brook) from both the Swedish surname Bäckland, meaning bäck \"\"brook, stream\"\" and lund \"\"grove\"\" and English , Gaelic and Scottish from the possessive case of Brook (i.e. ‘of the brook’) from pre 7th century English origins; Old English broc and appearing in the Medieval predecessors of \"\"Brooks\"\" such as \"\"Ate-Broc\"\" and \"\"Atte-Broc\"\". The surname Brooks has many Germanic (Anglo Saxon) links and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 17
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"chunk_id": "18416708",
"chunk_text": "\"Cruise (name)\"\nCruise (name) Cruise () is an Anglo-Norman surname which originated in England during Norman Conquest. It is a variant form of Cruse; others include Cruwys and Cruize. In Ireland, Cruise is an old surname of Anglo-Norman origin which has been present there since the Anglo-Norman invasion in 1169. The family held lands in Counties Dublin and Meath. In early records the name is mostly spelled de Cruys/Cruys, and sometimes Cruce or Crues, but the spelling evolved to Cruise, and this is now the predominant spelling of the surname in Ireland today. Some time before 1176 Augustino de Cruce witnessed a",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 18
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"chunk_id": "10920634",
"chunk_text": "\"Cruise (name)\"\ngrant by Strongbow of land in Dublin, and this is the earliest reference to the surname in Ireland found to date. According to World Names Public Profiler, the highest density of the surname Cruise is still to be found in Ireland, particularly in and around County Dublin. Cruise (name) Cruise () is an Anglo-Norman surname which originated in England during Norman Conquest. It is a variant form of Cruse; others include Cruwys and Cruize. In Ireland, Cruise is an old surname of Anglo-Norman origin which has been present there since the Anglo-Norman invasion in 1169. The family held lands in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
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"chunk_id": "9322590",
"chunk_text": "Washburn\n\"\"-born\"\". C. W. Bardsley's \"\"Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames\"\" states that \"\"Wasse\"\" was anciently and still is a common surname in Yorkshire. It is a place name derived from the various river and sea beaches subject to overflow by floods and tides, hence known as wasses and now as cashes. \"\"Wasseburn\"\" signified a flowing stream. The little ham that stood upon its banks took its name from the stream, and the proprietor or lord of the village was so and so de Wasseborn, just as the parson was the most important person in the parish. The form \"\"Wasseborn\"\" is",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 20
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"chunk_id": "2710035",
"chunk_text": "\"Collins (surname)\"\nCollins (surname) The surname Collins has a variety of likely origins in Britain and Ireland: Alternative spellings or related surnames include Collin, Colling, Coling, Collings, Colings, Collis, Coliss, Collen, and Collens. A great number of Welsh origin surnames share a similar etymology to English ones - Where in English names the forename of the patriarch is suffixed with 'SON' (as in Peterson, Richardson, Johnson) in Welsh names the 'SON' is simply the letter \"\"S\"\" (Phillips, Davies, Davis, Williams) and Collins may have been one of the surnames to have originated in this way. The Domesday Book (compiled in 1086) was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
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"chunk_id": "17119831",
"chunk_text": "\"Brown (surname)\"\nGerman and Italian saints, such as Saint Bruno of Cologne (1030–1101), founder of the Carthusian Order. Brown (surname) Brown is an English-language surname in origin chiefly descriptive of a person with brown hair, complexion or clothing. It is one of the most common surnames in English-speaking countries. It is the second most common surname in Canada and Scotland, third most common in Australia and United Kingdom and fourth most common in England and the United States. It is particularly clustered in southern Scotland. Most occurrences of the name are derived from a nickname concerning the complexion of an individual, the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 22
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"chunk_id": "6490452",
"chunk_text": "Soth\nSoth Soth is a surname in various cultures, as well as a given name in Southeast Asia. As a Cambodian name (; ), Soth originates from a word meaning \"\"clean\"\", \"\"pure\"\", or \"\"white\"\". That word originated from Sanskrit . The English surname Soth comes from Middle English meaning \"\"truth\"\" or \"\"justice\"\", and can be found in records in England dating back to the 13th century. The 2010 United States Census found 662 people with the surname Soth, making it the 34,272nd-most-common name in the country. This represented an increase from 621 (34,503rd-most-common) in the 2000 Census. In the 2010 census,",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 23
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"chunk_id": "14164423",
"chunk_text": "Bellemare\nthe name include: Bellemare Bellemare (; ) is a Norman surname, that means \"\"somebody from Bellemare\"\", name of several hamlets in Normandy (± 20). It is also one of the most common family names in Mauricie, Quebec. It is a compound of French \"\"belle\"\" \"\"nice, pretty\"\" and \"\"mare\"\" \"\"mere, lake, pond\"\", Norman word of Old Norse origin \"\"marr\"\" \"\"sea\"\", finally borrowed from Norman by French around 1600 as \"\"pond, puddle\"\". The Bellemares share a common ancestor with the Gélinas: Étienne Gellineau, a sargier, from La Salenderie, close to Saintes in France's Saintonge area (now known as Charente-Maritime). Gellineau married France",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 24
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"chunk_id": "8066861",
"chunk_text": "Meyers\nMeyers Meyers is a surname of English origin; many branches of the Meyers family trace their origins to Anglo-Saxon England. The name is derived from the Old English name \"\"Maire\"\", meaning \"\"mayor\"\", or an officer in charge of legal matters. The English surname may also mean \"\"physician\"\" (from \"\"mire\"\", Old French), or \"\"marsh\"\" (from \"\"myrr\"\", Old Norse). In the form \"\"Meyer\"\" the surname can be of Jewish and German origin, deriving from the German word \"\"meiger\"\", meaning \"\"mayor\"\"; the name likely traces its origins to a wealthy landholder. Among German Jews, \"\"Meyer\"\" converged with the etymologically unconnected name \"\"Meir\"\", which",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 25
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"chunk_id": "4097693",
"chunk_text": "\"Dykes (surname)\"\nmoved to these areas as early as the 18th century. Outside of the United Kingdom, the surname can also be found in most parts of the Commonwealth and other former British Empire nations including Australia, the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Ireland (particularly Co. Sligo). Dykes (surname) Dykes is a British surname which may originate from the hamlet of Dykesfield in Burgh-by-Sands, Cumbria in the north of England. Due to its close proximity to the English and Scottish borders, the surname Dykes has also been found in Scottish lowlands throughout the ages. The first family to bear the surname",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 26
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"chunk_id": "8155874",
"chunk_text": "\"Wade (surname)\"\nWade (surname) Wade is a surname of Anglo-Saxon English origin. It is thought to derive from the Middle English given name \"\"Wade,\"\" which itself derived from the pre-7th century Old English verb \"\"wadan\"\" (wada) meaning \"\"to go,\"\" or as a habitational name from the Old English word \"\"(ge)waed\"\" meaning \"\"ford.\"\" The given name Wade, from which the surname may be derived, was first recorded in the \"\"little\"\" Domesday Book for Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex in 1086 as \"\"Wada\"\", \"\"Wade\"\" and \"\"Wado\"\", owing its popularity to the legend of Wade, a sea-giant, who was dreaded and honored by the coastal tribes",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 27
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"chunk_id": "2833759",
"chunk_text": "\"Bywater (surname)\"\nlandscape provided easily identifiable and distinguishing names among small communities in medieval England. The surname was first recorded by Thomas Bithewater, a witness to a wedding which dates to 1219, in the Yorkshire Assize Rolls. It was first recorded in Middle English at the marriage of John Bywater and Eleonar Copgood at St Martin-in-the-Fields on 19 September 1637. For such a simple topographical surname, it has experienced very little geographical dispersal in its descendants, and the vast majority of people with the surname are to this day still located in the Yorkshire region. The name can also be found to",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 28
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"chunk_id": "11693485",
"chunk_text": "\"Corse (surname)\"\nCorse (surname) Corse is a European surname with several apparently independent origins. An English origin traces to Corse, Gloucestershire, a location in South West England. A Scottish origin can be traced to one of several specific locations in Scotland, or alternatively to a location type, as in a locale resembling a \"\"cross\"\". Another origin appears from Scandinavia as a 17th-century variant of the surname Carsten. The United Kingdom and Scandinavia may not account for all origins of the 'Corse' surname, as records show that the largest number of immigrants (albeit yet small) into the United States bearing this surname originated",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 29
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"chunk_id": "573603",
"chunk_text": "Brunskill\nBrunskill Brunskill is a surname of English origin. Brunskill has an Anglo-Saxon, Old Norse and Norsemen origin, and it is a topographical name for someone who lives at a brown coloured stream or a brown hill. It derives from the Old English pre 7th Century \"\"brun\"\" which is derived from the Germanic word for \"\"brown\"\", and also either the Old Norse \"\"skjallr\"\" meaning \"\"resounding\"\" (a name of a river, strong stream or waterfall) or \"\"hyll\"\" meaning a \"\"hill\"\" or \"\"mount\"\". Topographical surnames were among the earliest created, since both natural and man-made features in the landscape provided easily recognisable distinguishing",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 30
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"chunk_id": "18493164",
"chunk_text": "Wismer\nWismer Wismer is a toponymic surname derived from the German town of Wismar. In English, the name of the city is pronounced w'iz mer. An alternative derivation for some people with the surname is drift from the Anglo-Saxon name Wiseman (Wyseman, Wysman, Wisman), which derived from the Old English words wis, meaning wise or knowledgeable, and man, meaning man.The Wiseman family in England is first found in Essex where they were anciently seated. Some of the first settlers of this name or some of its variants were: Henry and Catherine Wiseman, who settled in Maryland in 1634; John Wiseman, who",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 31
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"chunk_id": "16729875",
"chunk_text": "\"Wells (name)\"\nfrequency was highest in Berkshire (3.2 times the British average), followed by Leicestershire, Oxfordshire, Kinross-shire, Huntingdonshire, Kent, Sussex, Lincolnshire, Dumfriesshire and Bedfordshire. People with the name include: Wells (name) Wells is a surname of English origin, but is occasionally used as a given name too. It derives from occupation, location, and topography. The occupational name (i.e. \"\"Wellman\"\") derives from the person responsible for a village's spring. The locational name (i.e. \"\"Well\"\") derives from the pre-7th century \"\"waella\"\" (\"\"spring\"\"). The topographical name (i.e. \"\"Attewell\"\") derives from living near a spring. The oldest public record is found in 1177 in the county",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 32
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"chunk_id": "4294420",
"chunk_text": "\"Bell (surname)\"\nmost popular surname in the United States and the 36th most common surname in Scotland. Bell (surname) Bell is a surname common in English speaking countries with several word-origins. The surname is derived from the Middle English \"\"bell\"\". This surname likely originated as an occupational name for a bell ringer or bell maker; or else from a topographic name for someone who lived by an actual bell, or by a house sign or inn sign. In other cases, the surname \"\"Bell\"\" is derived from the mediaeval personal name \"\"Bel\"\". The masculine form of this personal name is derived from the",
"is_relevant": null,
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"chunk_id": "15296969",
"chunk_text": "Washburn\npage 54, is given: Washbourne. \"\"A name of ancient Norman descent; the founder was knighted on the field of battle by William the Conqueror and endowed with the lands of Little Washbourne and Great Washbourne, Counties of Gloucester and Worcester\"\". The name may have come from the Saxon for \"\"from the flooding brook,\"\" with \"\"wash\"\" meaning \"\"swift moving current of a stream,\"\" and \"\"burn\"\" referring to a brook or a small stream. It may have originated from the River Isbourne, which flowed near Little and Great Washbourne. The surname has several origins in England: The name was anciently \"\"Wasseburn\"\" or",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 34
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"chunk_id": "5882238",
"chunk_text": "\"Sagar (name)\"\nSagar (name) Sagar is a surname and given name of multiple origins. Sagar's Anglo-Saxon are patronymic. Most, if not all, people of this surname descend from a man (or even a number of men) known as Sagar. The name most likely derives from the diphthongal Anglo-Saxon word ‘Sægar’, meaning ‘sea-spear’. Presumably it denotes a maritime warrior of the type that either commenced invasions of Britain in the fifth century or were invited as mercenaries in the political and military vacuum created with the final departure of Roman troops. Spelling variations include: Sager, Seegar, Seager, Sigar, Segar, Seger, Saker, Sakar, and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 35
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"chunk_id": "20249870",
"chunk_text": "\"Maxwell (surname)\"\nMaxwell (surname) Maxwell is a Scottish, Irish, and Jewish surname. It is a habitational name derived from a location near Melrose, in Roxburghshire, Scotland. This name was first recorded in 1144, as \"\"Mackeswell\"\", meaning \"\"Mack's spring (or stream)\"\" (from the Old English \"\"well[a]\"\"). The surname \"\"Maxwell\"\" is also common in Ulster; where it has, in some cases, been adopted as alternate form of the surname \"\"Miskell\"\". The surname \"\"Maxwell\"\" is also used as a Jewish surname, either as an adoption of the Scottish name, or as an Americanization of one of several like-sounding Jewish surnames. The surname \"\"Maxwell\"\" is represented",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 36
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"chunk_id": "6853918",
"chunk_text": "\"Morgan (surname)\"\nis possible that the name was Celtic from the Cornovii Tribe who lived in the North of Scotland and in the Severn Valley near the Wrekin in Shropshire. The County of Glamorgan is named after the Princes of South Wales named \"\"Morgan\"\", a group, part of which developed into the name Leyshon. The term for water sprites in Welsh is \"\"morgans\"\". At the time of the British Census of 1881, the frequency of the surname \"\"Morgan\"\" was highest in Brecknockshire (over 16 times the national average), followed by Monmouthshire, Glamorgan, Carmarthenshire, Radnorshire, Montgomeryshire, Cardiganshire, Pembrokeshire, Herefordshire, and Shropshire. Morgan (surname)",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 37
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"chunk_id": "5279871",
"chunk_text": "\"Brown (surname)\"\nBrown (surname) Brown is an English-language surname in origin chiefly descriptive of a person with brown hair, complexion or clothing. It is one of the most common surnames in English-speaking countries. It is the second most common surname in Canada and Scotland, third most common in Australia and United Kingdom and fourth most common in England and the United States. It is particularly clustered in southern Scotland. Most occurrences of the name are derived from a nickname concerning the complexion of an individual, the colour of their hair or the clothing worn. This nickname is derived from the Old English",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
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"chunk_id": "14185757",
"chunk_text": "\"Koski (surname)\"\nFinland, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:826) in the following regions: Koski (surname) Koski is a surname originating in Finland (in Finnish, it means \"\"rapids\"\"). It may also refer to (alphabetically). The name is originating in Western Finland. Finnish people had to get surnames around 1870 - 1890. Name Koski, rapids, was an easy option because people lived near rivers and mills. It could also tell your home: your family lived near rapids. As of 2014, 43.8% of all known bearers of the surname \"\"Koski\"\" were residents of the United States (frequency 1:50,624), 40.9% of",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 39
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"chunk_id": "486752",
"chunk_text": "\"Hayes (surname)\"\nHayes (surname) Hayes is an English language surname. In the United States Census, 1990, Hayes was the 100th most common surname recorded. The oldest record of the surname dates to 1197 in the \"\"Eynsham Cartulary of Oxfordshire\"\", where it appears on the form \"\"Heise\"\". There are nineteen coats of arms assumed by or granted to individuals with this or a similar surname. Though primarily a surname, \"\"Hayes\"\" sometimes appears as a given name in census records. In Ireland, Hayes originated as a Gaelic polygenetic surname \"\"O hAodha\"\", meaning descendant of Aodh (\"\"fire\"\"), or of Aed, an Irish mythological god. Septs",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
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"chunk_id": "18620534",
"chunk_text": "Bluth\nBluth Bluth is a surname of Germanic origin. In some instances, the surname is derived from the German word \"\"Blut,\"\" meaning blood. One of the earliest documented families surnamed Bluth originated in the Hanseatic League city of Stralsund in Pomerania along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, in what is today the German state or \"\"Land\"\" of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in eastern Germany. Some members of this family were active in the Protestant Reformation and served as Lutheran pastors for many generations in what is present-day Germany. Another branch of this Bluth family migrated from Pomerania to Sweden in the 18th",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 41
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"chunk_id": "17172407",
"chunk_text": "Bluth\nBluth Bluth is a surname of Germanic origin. In some instances, the surname is derived from the German word \"\"Blut,\"\" meaning blood. One of the earliest documented families surnamed Bluth originated in the Hanseatic League city of Stralsund in Pomerania along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, in what is today the German state or \"\"Land\"\" of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in eastern Germany. Some members of this family were active in the Protestant Reformation and served as Lutheran pastors for many generations in what is present-day Germany. Another branch of this Bluth family migrated from Pomerania to Sweden in the 18th",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
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"chunk_id": "4045965",
"chunk_text": "\"Drown (surname)\"\nhis also-widowed sister-in law, Mary (Abbott) Caley. This marriage was performed by the Rev. Cotton Mather in Boston, November 4, 1707. Leonard Drowne died in Boston, October 31, 1729. Leonard Drowne and other early members of the family are buried in Copps Hill Cemetery in Boston. Drown (surname) Drown is a surname which originated in Yorkshire, England. It is the Americanization of the Surname Drowne. Many branches of this family dropped the E during the late 18th century as a part of the American Spelling Reform movement, forming the surname Drown. It is possibly derived from the Middle English word",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10600792",
"chunk_text": "\"Dykes (surname)\"\nDykes (surname) Dykes is a British surname which may originate from the hamlet of Dykesfield in Burgh-by-Sands, Cumbria in the north of England. Due to its close proximity to the English and Scottish borders, the surname Dykes has also been found in Scottish lowlands throughout the ages. The first family to bear the surname (for which written records survive) are said to have lived in the area prior to William the Conqueror's Norman conquest of England, with the oldest surviving written document placing them in Dykesfield at the end of the reign of Henry III. The family took their surname",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 44
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"chunk_id": "5528799",
"chunk_text": "\"River Ouse, Yorkshire\"\nOuseburn. The origin of the name is uncertain. The name was first recorded in about 780 as \"\"Usa\"\". It has been speculated that the name is of Brythonic-Celtic origin, from an assumed word \"\"udso-\"\", assumed to be derived from the Indo-European root \"\"wed-\"\", meaning \"\"water\"\". Other sources prefer a Proto-Celtic. It has been suggested that the Ouse was once known as the 'Ure', but there seems to be no supporting evidence for this claim. The suggestion that the name derives from the Celtic name of the Ure, assumed to be \"\"Isurā\"\" from the Roman name for Aldborough, and over time",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
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"chunk_id": "7023861",
"chunk_text": "\"Taylor (surname)\"\nTaylor (surname) Taylor is a surname used in the British Isles of French and Latin origin which originated as a Norman occupational surname (meaning \"\"tailor\"\") in France It is derived from the Old French \"\"\"\" (\"\"cutter\"\"), which is in turn derived from the Late Latin \"\"taliator\"\", from \"\"taliare\"\" (\"\"to cut\"\"). The first historical evidence of the surname dates to the County of Somerset, South West England in 1182. \"\"Taylor\"\" is the fourth-most common surname in United Kingdom, fifth-most common in England, the 11th-most common in Scotland and the 22nd-most common in Wales. It is also common in other English speaking",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
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"chunk_id": "8066862",
"chunk_text": "Meyers\nis derived from Hebrew. Meyers Meyers is a surname of English origin; many branches of the Meyers family trace their origins to Anglo-Saxon England. The name is derived from the Old English name \"\"Maire\"\", meaning \"\"mayor\"\", or an officer in charge of legal matters. The English surname may also mean \"\"physician\"\" (from \"\"mire\"\", Old French), or \"\"marsh\"\" (from \"\"myrr\"\", Old Norse). In the form \"\"Meyer\"\" the surname can be of Jewish and German origin, deriving from the German word \"\"meiger\"\", meaning \"\"mayor\"\"; the name likely traces its origins to a wealthy landholder. Among German Jews, \"\"Meyer\"\" converged with the etymologically",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11949226",
"chunk_text": "Ullswater\ntotal of three separate glaciers formed the lake. The surrounding mountains give Ullswater the shape of a stretched 'Z' with three distinct segments (or 'reaches') that wind their way through the surrounding hills. For much of its length Ullswater forms the border between the historic counties of Cumberland and Westmorland. The origin of the name 'Ullswater' is uncertain. Whaley suggests 'Ulf's lake', from Old Norse personal name 'Ulfr' plus Middle English 'water' influenced in usage by Old Norse 'vatn' 'water', 'lake' ...'Ulfr' is also the Old Norse noun meaning 'wolf', and Hutchinson thought that the name might refer to the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18333715",
"chunk_text": "Hydronym\nHydronym A hydronym (from , , \"\"water\"\" and , , \"\"name\"\") is a proper name of a body of water. Hydronymy, a subset of toponymy, the taxonomic study of place-names, is the study of the names of bodies of water, the origins of those names, and how they are transmitted through history. Hydronyms may include the names of rivers (potamonyms), lakes, and even oceanic elements. Compared to most other toponyms, hydronyms are very conservative linguistically, and people who move to an area often retain the existing name of a body of water rather than rename it in their own language.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_995
|
what states do not allow daylight savings time?
|
n/a
|
[
"Navajo",
"Hawaii",
"Arizona"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908421",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nDST, the time changes were required to begin and end on the established dates. In 1967, Arizona and Michigan became the first states to exempt themselves from DST (Michigan would begin observing DST in 1972). In 1972, the act was amended (P.L. 92-267), allowing those states split between time zones to exempt either the entire state or that part of the state lying within a different time zone. The newly created Department of Transportation (DOT) was given power to enforce the law. , the following states and territories are not observing DST: Arizona, Hawaii, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1444427",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nDaylight saving time in the United States Daylight saving time in the United States is the practice of setting the clock forward by one hour during the warmer part of the year, so that evenings have more daylight and mornings have less. Most areas of the United States observe daylight saving time (DST), the exceptions being Arizona (except for the Navajo, who do observe daylight saving time on tribal lands), Hawaii, and the overseas territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 established the system",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1444448",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\ncommon time). There are currently no states that keep daylight saving time year round. On March 6, 2018, the Florida Senate approved the “Sunshine Protection Act” which would put Florida on permanent Daylight Saving Time year round, and Governor Rick Scott signed it March 23. Congress would need to amend the existing 1966 federal law to allow the change. Hawaii has never observed daylight saving time under the Uniform Time Act, having opted out of the Act's provisions in 1967. Because of Hawaii's tropical latitude, there is not a large variation in daylight length between winter and summer. Advancing the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908436",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nentire year. Chu then shelved his bill in September 2017. He then reintroduced A.B. 807 in 2018; it was approved by the California State Legislature, signed by Governor Jerry Brown, placed on the November 2018 state ballot and passed. If approved by Congress, California would be allowed to remain on DST all year. Daylight saving time is less useful in Florida compared to other states because its southern location leads to less variations in day length between winter and summer. Without DST, Miami, for instance, would experience similar sunrise and sunset times throughout the year to cities including Honolulu or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908433",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nof the state, with solar noon occurring as late as 2:10 p.m. in the population centers of Anchorage and Fairbanks, and as late as 3:23 p.m. in places such as Nome. In Fairbanks, for example, sunset occurs well after civil midnight in the summer. Others argue that ending daylight saving time will place Alaska as much as five hours from Eastern Daylight Time, making coordination of travel and phone conversations more difficult. In March 2015 the Alaska Senate passed a bill, introduced by state senator Anna MacKinnon, to end daylight saving time. The Alaska House formed a sub-committee that was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908432",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\ngovernor's executive order. Information on procedures required in a specific state may be obtained from that state's legislature or governor's office. Although it may exempt itself, if a state decides to observe DST, the dates of observance must comply with federal legislation. Alaska observes DST. Due to its high latitude, Alaska has nearly round-the-clock daylight during summer, and DST is seen by some Alaskans as unnecessary and a nuisance. Another issue is that the Alaskan mainland's single time zone, which approximates solar time in the capital, Juneau, leads to a large disparity between civil time and solar time for much",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908445",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nin the Senate. She told a House committee that the semiannual time switches are not only inconvenient but lead to health problems and accidents due to lost sleep. She added that the bill to drop daylight saving time would reduce heart attacks, car wrecks, and work accidents found to increase with the sleep-schedule disruptions. A different Senate Bill would petition the federal government for year-round DST. The bills were defeated. All U.S. insular territories with civilian government (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands) lie in the tropics and do not observe DST. While neighboring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1444445",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\npeople are active would cause people to run their cooling systems longer, thereby using more energy. The Navajo Indian Reservation extends into Utah and New Mexico and does observe daylight saving time. The Hopi Reservation is entirely within the state of Arizona and is an enclave within the Navajo Indian Reservation, but does not observe DST. California voters passed Proposition 12 in 1949, approving DST in the state. In February 2017, California Assembly member Kansen Chu introduced A.B. 807, proposing to enable the legislature to eliminate DST in the state, or, if federal law allows, to adopt DST for the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19421825",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nCentral Time Zone. In 2015, the Nevada Senate passed Nevada Assembly Joint Resolution 4, which urged Congress to enact legislation allowing individual states to establish daylight saving time as the standard time in their respective states throughout the calendar year. This would mean that Nevada is on the same time as Arizona all year, but would be an hour ahead of California in the winter. The United States Congress has not yet enacted any enabling legislation in this regard. In 2015, Rep. Elizabeth Scott (R-Monroe) filed a House bill to end DST in Washington, and a companion bill was filed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897747",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\npermanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to standard time in 2014 for the whole Russian Federation. The United Kingdom and Ireland also experimented with year-round summer time between 1968 and 1971, and put clocks forward by an extra hour during World War II. In the United States, the Florida legislature passed a bill to enact permanent DST; and Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island have introduced proposals or commissions to that effect. 26 states are considering making DST permanent. However, unless",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9574423",
"chunk_text": "\"History of time in the United States\"\nthat wanted to be exempt from DST could do so by passing a state law, provided that it exempted the entire state, and Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii, Indiana, and Michigan chose to do so. However, Alaska, Indiana, and Michigan subsequently chose to observe DST. The law was amended in 1972 to permit states that straddle a time zone boundary to exempt the entire area of the state lying in one time zone. Indiana chose to exempt the portion of the state lying in the Eastern Time Zone; however, that exemption was eliminated in 2006 and the entire state of Indiana now",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897746",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nsaving time\"\" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated and is currently implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Belarus, Canada (e.g. Saskatchewan), Iceland, Turkey, Morocco, Namibia, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It could be a result of following the timezone of a neighbouring region, political will, or other causes. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908419",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\n9, 1942. It lasted until the last Sunday (the 30th) in September 1945. After 1945 many states and cities east of the Mississippi River (and mostly north of the Ohio and Potomac rivers) adopted summer DST. From 1945 to 1966 there was no federal law on daylight saving time, so localities could choose when it began and ended or drop it entirely. As of 1954, only California and Nevada had statewide DST west of the Mississippi, and only a few cities between Nevada and St. Louis. In the 1964 Official Railway Guide, 21 of the 48 contiguous states had no",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1444447",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nHong Kong, which have both abandoned DST for decades. There is opposition to DST in Florida. State senator Bill Posey introduced a bill in March 2008 to abolish daylight time in the state and keep Florida on year-round standard time. Because Florida straddles two time zones, the Florida legislature has the option of returning all or part of the state to standard time along time zone boundaries (i.e. placing the portion of the state in the Eastern time zone on standard time, while leaving the portion in the Central time zone on DST, so that the whole state had a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897748",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nCongress changes federal law, states can not implement permanent DST—states can only opt out of DST, not standard time. Daylight saving time Daylight saving time (DST), also daylight savings time or daylight time (United States), also summer time (United Kingdom and others), is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months so that evening daylight lasts longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use daylight saving time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time. In effect, DST causes a lost hour of sleep in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18724510",
"chunk_text": "\"Eastern Time Zone\"\nEastern Time Zone The Eastern Time Zone (ET) is a time zone encompassing part or all of 22 states in the eastern part of the contiguous United States, parts of eastern Canada, the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico, Panama in Central America, and the Caribbean Islands. Places that use Eastern Standard Time (EST) when observing standard time (autumn/winter) are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (). Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), when observing daylight saving time DST (spring/summer) is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (). In the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908429",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nespecially to allow children to go trick-or-treating in more daylight. In some areas, the extension of daylight saving time in March and November has pushed back sunrise to as late as 8:30 am. Under the Standard Time Act of 1918, as amended by the Uniform Time Act of 1966, moving a state or an area within a state from one time zone to another requires a regulation issued by DOT. The governor or state legislature may initiate a request for the state or any part of the state; the highest elected officials in the county may make a request for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9574421",
"chunk_text": "\"History of time in the United States\"\nVirginia Route 2 between Moundsville, West Virginia, and Steubenville, Ohio had to reset their watches seven times over 35 miles). In summer 1960 April–October Daylight Time was nearly universal in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware and states east and north of there. In Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Kentucky and Virginia and states north and east of there, some areas had it and some did not. Except for California and Nevada, which had April-Sept Daylight Time, 99% of the rest of the country used Standard Time year-round. (The Official Guide says \"\"State law prohibits the observance of \"\"Daylight Saving\"\" time in Kentucky but Anchorage,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8097055",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nThe United States territory of Puerto Rico adopted DST through legislation passed in 2000 but, after a change in governors, dropped it in 2001, three days before it would have gone into effect. Since 2007, in areas of Canada and United States in which it is used, daylight saving time begins on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November. In Mexico, Congress has consistently been refusing to adopt this schedule on a nationwide basis for nearly a decade. Therefore, only certain border cities in Mexican states that observe DST follow the same pattern as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "776975",
"chunk_text": "\"Uniform Time Act\"\nVirgin Islands, none of which observe Daylight Saving Time. The various Native American nations within Arizona have the right to use or not use DST. The Navajo Nation has chosen to use DST throughout its territory, which includes parts of New Mexico and Utah. In contrast, the Hopi Nation, whose territory is surrounded entirely by the Arizona portion of the Navajo Nation, has chosen not to use DST. Uniform Time Act The Uniform Time Act of 1966, , was a Law of the United States to \"\"promote the adoption and observance of uniform time within the standard time zones\"\" prescribed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2829544",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\non the premise that during DST fast-food restaurants sell more French fries, which are made from Idaho potatoes. In 1992, after a three-year trial of daylight saving in Queensland, Australia, a referendum on daylight saving was held and defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote – with regional and rural areas strongly opposed, while those in the metropolitan south-east were in favor. In 2005, the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association and the National Association of Convenience Stores successfully lobbied for the 2007 extension to U.S. DST. In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party was officially registered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6427964",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\none less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter. While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical \"\"nine to five\"\" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed. The manipulation of time at higher latitudes (for example Iceland, Nunavut or Alaska) has little",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7321184",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nDaylight saving time in the Americas Daylight saving time in the Americas is the arrangement in the Americas by which clocks are advanced by one hour in spring and moved back in autumn, to make the most of seasonal daylight. The practice is widespread in North America, with most of Canada, Mexico, and the United States participating, but much less so in South America. Canada, Mexico, and the United States use daylight saving time on a wide scale, with only a few states/provinces and parts thereof opting out of the practice or adopting it year-round without the twice yearly switch.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9574424",
"chunk_text": "\"History of time in the United States\"\nobserves DST, leaving Arizona (with the exception of the Navajo Nation) and Hawaii as the only two states not to observe DST. On July 8, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1986 into law that contained a daylight saving rider authored by Senator Slade Gorton (R-WA). The starting date of DST was amended to the first Sunday in April effective in 1987. DST continued to end on the last Sunday in October. While the states retain the capability to exempt themselves from DST, they are forbidden by the 1966 federal law (15 USC",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20828387",
"chunk_text": "\"Time in the United States\"\nTime in the United States Time in the United States, by law, is divided into nine standard time zones covering the states and its possessions, with most of the United States observing daylight saving time (DST) for approximately the spring, summer, and fall months. The time zone boundaries and DST observance are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Official and highly precise timekeeping services (clocks) are provided by two federal agencies: the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (an agency of the Department of Commerce); and its military counterpart, the United States Naval Observatory (USNO). The clocks run by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6427960",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nDaylight saving time Daylight saving time (DST), also daylight savings time or daylight time (United States), also summer time (United Kingdom and others), is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months so that evening daylight lasts longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use daylight saving time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time. In effect, DST causes a lost hour of sleep in the spring and an extra hour of sleep in the fall. George Hudson proposed the idea of daylight saving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "545937",
"chunk_text": "\"Mountain Time Zone\"\n2007, the local time changes from MST to MDT at 2am MST to 3am MDT on the second Sunday in March and returns at 2am MDT to 1am MST on the first Sunday in November. Sonora in Mexico and most of Arizona in the United States do not observe daylight saving time, and during the spring, summer, and autumn months they are on the same time as Pacific Daylight Time. The Navajo Nation, most of which lies within Arizona, does observe DST, although the Hopi Nation, as well as some Arizona state offices lying within the Navajo Nation, do not.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12432703",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Mexico\"\n(above). The bill was discarded by congress on June 29, 2016. The state of Baja California (not Baja California Sur) has observed daylight saving time from several decades ago and until 1996 was the only Mexican state to observe it. The state of Sonora has not observed DST since 1998 because of the non-observance of DST by its neighbor Arizona and its important economic ties with that US state. The Marías Islands and the Revillagigedo Archipelago do not observe DST. The westernmost island of the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Clarion Island, uses UTC−8 (PST) all the time. The state of Quintana Roo",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17403499",
"chunk_text": "\"Atlantic Time Zone\"\nAST, on the condition that there would be a referendum, and that Massachusetts and New Hampshire decided to make the same switch. Also in 2017, the New Hampshire House of Representatives approved a bill in favour of a regional change, but this was voted down by the state's Senate. Similar bills have been put forward in Connecticut and Rhode Island. In Florida, two bills were approved in January 2018 by House and Senate committees, to move most of the state permanently to Atlantic Standard Time (with the panhandle moving to year-round Eastern Standard Time) with no observation of daylight saving",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908446",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nSamoa began observing DST in September 2010, the smaller American Samoa cannot legally follow because of the DST observation period mandated by the Uniform Time Act. This period is actually wintertime in this Southern Hemisphere territory. Many computer operating systems (such as Microsoft Windows, Linux, UNIX, and macOS) and programming languages (such as Java, perl, and most shell languages) allow a local time zone setting in the format of \"\"(standard time zone abbreviation)(UTC hour difference)(daylight saving time zone abbreviation)\"\". This allows programs and programming languages that must do calculations based on local time to more easily calculate differences between local",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7830180",
"chunk_text": "\"Standard Time Act\"\nStandard Time Act The Standard Time Act of 1918, also known as the Calder Act, was the first United States federal law implementing Standard time and Daylight saving time in the United States. It authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to define each time zone. The section concerning daylight saving time was repealed by the act titled \"\"An Act For the repeal of the daylight-saving law\"\", , over President Woodrow Wilson's veto. Section 264 of the act mistakenly placed most of the state of Idaho (south of Salmon River (Idaho)) in CST Central Standard Time, but was amended in 2007 by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13814026",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Oceania\"\nDaylight saving time in Oceania Parts of Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga are areas of Oceania that currently observe daylight saving time (DST). Currently, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory and South Australia apply DST each year, from the first Sunday in October to the first Sunday in April. The Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia and the external territories do not observe DST. Daylight saving was first used in Australia during World War I, and was applied in all states. It was used again during the Second World War. A drought in Tasmania",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1444449",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nclock to UTC−9 (DST) in Hawaii would make sunrise times close to 7:00 a.m. even in June. Most of the inhabited islands are located close to the west end of the Hawaii-Aleutian time zone, but Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau are located more than 7 degrees west of the Hawaii-Aleutian time zone's meridian and should, theoretically, be located in the next time zone to the west. (Until about 1946 Hawaiian standard time was based on longitude 157.5 degrees west rather than 150 degrees.) On April 26, 1933, the Territorial Legislature enacted a bill placing Hawaii on daylight saving time from the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14036090",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time by country\"\nDaylight saving time by country Most areas in North America and Europe, and some areas in the Middle East, observe daylight saving time (DST), while most areas of Africa and Asia do not. In South America, most countries in the north of the continent near the equator do not observe DST, while Paraguay and southern parts of Brazil do. The practice of observing daylight saving time in Oceania is also mixed, with New Zealand and parts of southeastern Australia observing DST, while most other areas do not. On 8 February 2018, the European Parliament voted to ask the European Commission",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908420",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nDST anywhere. By 1962, the transportation industry found the lack of consistency confusing enough to push for federal regulation. The result was the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (P.L. 89-387). Beginning in 1967, the act mandated standard time within the established time zones and provided for advanced time: clocks would be advanced one hour beginning at 2:00 a.m. on the last Sunday in April and turned back one hour at 2:00 a.m. on the last Sunday in October. States were allowed to exempt themselves from DST as long as the entire state did so. If a state chose to observe",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6897694",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nobserves DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at local time. In some countries time is governed by regional jurisdictions within the country so that some jurisdictions shift and others do not; this is currently the case in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. From year to year, the shift dates may change for political and social reasons. The 2007 U.S. change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7830181",
"chunk_text": "\"Standard Time Act\"\nCongress to MST Mountain Standard Time. MST was observed prior to the correction. Standard Time Act The Standard Time Act of 1918, also known as the Calder Act, was the first United States federal law implementing Standard time and Daylight saving time in the United States. It authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to define each time zone. The section concerning daylight saving time was repealed by the act titled \"\"An Act For the repeal of the daylight-saving law\"\", , over President Woodrow Wilson's veto. Section 264 of the act mistakenly placed most of the state of Idaho (south of Salmon",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13816799",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Australia\"\nthe first Sunday in April. Western Australia became the only state to observe daylight saving from the last Sunday in October to the last Sunday in March. Since 2009 Western Australia no longer observes daylight saving. Queensland (AEST UTC+10), Northern Territory (ACST UTC+9:30) and Western Australia (AWST UTC+8) do not observe DST. Queensland has had a particularly involved debate over daylight-saving time, with public opinion geographically divided. A referendum on daylight saving was held on 22 February 1992, following a three-year trial (1989/90 - 1991/92), and was defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote. Since the early 2000s, there have been",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908418",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\neffort to conserve fuel, Germany began observing DST on May 1, 1916. The rest of Europe soon followed. The plan was not adopted in the United States until the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918, which confirmed the existing standard time zone system and set summer DST to begin on March 31, 1918 (reverting October 27). The idea was unpopular and Congress abolished DST after the war, overriding President Woodrow Wilson's veto. DST became a local option and was observed in some states until World War II, when President Franklin Roosevelt instituted year-round DST, called \"\"War Time\"\", on February",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6666388",
"chunk_text": "\"Time in Mexico\"\nborder cities and the rest of Mexico. Congress refused to approve the change for the third time in a 10-year period, discarding the bill on June 29, 2016. Daylight saving time is observed in all parts of the country except for the states of Quintana Roo, and Sonora, which decided to remain on standard time beginning in 1999. This is to coincide with the non-observation in Arizona, with which Sonora shares its northern border. The island territories do not currently observe daylight time either. During non-DST period, Mexico uses 4 different time zones. Data for Mexico from zone.tab in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908441",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nstate started to do so in April 2006 after eight counties in western Indiana were shifted from the Central Time Zone to the Eastern Time Zone. One goal for observing DST was to get more Indiana counties observing the same time zone; formerly, 77 counties observed EST, 5 observed EST/EDT (the EDT usage being unofficial only), and 10 observed CST/CDT. , Indiana has 12 counties observing Central Daylight Time while the remaining 80 counties observe Eastern Daylight Time. Those counties observing CST are in two groups: one near or in the Chicago metropolitan area, and the other around Evansville in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12429661",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in Oceania\"\nof Tokelau, Cook Islands and Niue do not maintain DST. The latter two are on the other side of the International Date Line and differ between 22 and 24 hours from New Zealand proper. Samoa started with DST in 2010, starting on the last Sunday in September and ending on first Sunday in April. All U.S. insular territories with civilian government in Oceania, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands lie in the tropics and do not observe DST. Daylight saving time in Oceania Parts of Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga are areas of Oceania that currently",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18724511",
"chunk_text": "\"Eastern Time Zone\"\nat 2:00 a.m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3:00 a.m. EDT leaving a one-hour \"\"gap\"\". On the first Sunday in November, at 2:00 a.m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1:00 a.m. EST, thus \"\"duplicating\"\" one hour. Southern parts of the zone (Panama and the Caribbean) do not observe daylight saving time. The boundaries of the Eastern Time Zone have moved westward since the Interstate Commerce Commission took over time-zone management from railroads in 1938. For example, the easternmost and northernmost counties in Kentucky were added to the zone in the 1940s, and in 1961 most of the state went",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3864274",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nother Caribbean nations. The Dutch Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten do not observe Daylight Saving Time. The French Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin do not observe Daylight Saving Time. Haiti had reestablished Daylight Saving Time again in 2012, following the US/Canada DST Rules, starting on second Sunday in March and ending on first Sunday in November. This was then discontinued in 2016,but was re-introduced in 2017. Jamaica previously used Daylight Saving Time, utilising the US and Canadian rules. The practise was used from 1974 before being discontinued in 1983. Trinidad",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7321195",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the Americas\"\nover the years (see for details). As of 2013, DST is used only in the southern region (the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná), the southeast region (the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais), and the central-west region (the state of Goiás and the Distrito Federal, and the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul). Every year, 32 municipalities of eastern Mato Grosso, along Araguaia River and close to Goiás border, and unofficially following standard Brasilia time () all year long, don't change their clocks when DST starts or ends.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2829543",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time\"\nhistory of time in the United States includes DST during both world wars, but no standardization of peacetime DST until 1966. In May 1965, for two weeks, St. Paul, Minnesota and Minneapolis, Minnesota were on different times, when the capital city decided to join most of the nation by starting Daylight Saving Time while Minneapolis opted to follow the later date set by state law. In the mid-1980s, Clorox (parent of Kingsford Charcoal) and 7-Eleven provided the primary funding for the Daylight Saving Time Coalition behind the 1987 extension to U.S. DST, and both Idaho senators voted for it based",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908443",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\nin 1969, 1970, 1971, or 1972. (Radio station CKLW in Windsor, Ontario, just across the river from Detroit, was popular on both sides of the border and would often give both times on the air, \"\"e.g.\"\" \"\"It's 4:30 in Detroit and 5:30 in Windsor!\"\") In November 1972, an initiative measure, repealing the exemption statute, was approved by the voters. Michigan again observed DST in 1973, and has continued to do so since then. The vast majority of Michigan is in the Eastern Time Zone. Only the Upper Peninsula counties that border Wisconsin (Gogebic, Iron, Dickinson, and Menominee) are in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10908434",
"chunk_text": "\"Daylight saving time in the United States\"\ndue to look into the issue during the 2016 legislative session. Arizona observed DST in 1967 under the Uniform Time Act because the state legislature did not enact an exemption statute that year. In March 1968 the DST exemption statute was enacted and the state of Arizona has not observed DST since 1967. This is in large part due to an effort to conserve energy. Phoenix and Tucson are among the hottest U.S. metropolitan areas during the summer, resulting in more power usage from air conditioning units and evaporative coolers in homes and businesses. An extra hour of sunlight while",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18330919",
"chunk_text": "\"Central Time Zone\"\nwith this change and observes their from the first Sunday in April to the last Sunday in October. In December 2009, the Mexican Congress allowed ten border cities, eight of which are in states that observe Central Time, to adopt the U.S. daylight time schedule effective in 2010. Central Time Zone The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time (CST) is behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). During summer most of the zone uses daylight",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10374662",
"chunk_text": "\"Time in Indiana\"\nStandard Time, upon federal approval (see ). Congress approved an amendment (;) to the Uniform Time Act of 1966 to permit a state that lay in two time zones to exempt part of the state from daylight saving time, and President Richard Nixon signed it into law. Indiana enacted the statute, officially placing northwest and southwest Indiana in the Central Time Zone, in observance of daylight saving time, and the rest of the state in the Eastern Standard Time throughout the year. Several eastern Indiana counties (Ohio and Dearborn counties, near Cincinnati; and Floyd, Clark, and Harrison counties, near Louisville)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_996
|
when did where are you now come out?
|
n/a
|
[
"February 27, 2015",
"February 27, 2015"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843871",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nWhere Are Ü Now \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, \"\"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\"\" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album \"\"Purpose\"\" (2015). It was released simultaneously with the album on February 27, 2015, later sent to mainstream radio on April 21, 2015. Initially, a demo was written by Bieber as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2885978",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nattire as women suspended in midair did acrobatics against a chrome-y, industrial video backdrop.\"\" \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" was sampled in Craig David's single \"\"16\"\". Where Are Ü Now \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, \"\"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\"\" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album \"\"Purpose\"\" (2015). It was released",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843876",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nvarious parts of the song, allowing Mr. Bieber to answer himself from below and harmonize above. They toyed with dance beats, keyboard chords and bass lines — thickening the song and then thinning it again. They concocted sounds that were determinedly different from standard dance-club fare; what seems like a snare drum, for instance, is actually a tweaked version of an Indian tabla.\"\" \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" was released as the duo's second single from their debut album, \"\"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\"\" (2015) on February 27, 2015, and was later released as a bonus track on Bieber's fourth",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14667830",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Now (My Love)\"\nWhere Are You Now (My Love) \"\"Where Are You Now (My Love)\"\" is a 1965 song written by Tony Hatch and Jackie Trent, and recorded in December 1964 by Trent. The single gave Trent her only No. 1 hit when it reached the top of the UK Singles Chart for one week in May 1965. The song was featured in the popular television series \"\"It's Dark Outside\"\". \"\"Where Are You Now\"\" was Hatch and Trent's first composition together, and one of many hits they would have as a song writing partnership. Although Trent released two follow-up singles, these were only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2885973",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nand colored pastels. Two teasers for the video were released on June 26, 2015, with Samsung+ debuting the video on June 27, 2015, and YouTube and Vevo on June 29, 2015. According to the duo in a post on YouTube, \"\"We are being overwhelmed, in a good way, by the success of 'Where Are Ü Now' with Justin Bieber, so with the video we wanted to just take it back to the beginning of the record and essentially create an ode to our fans. Doing what we do, it's entirely all about the fans. We walk a fine line by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843888",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nperformance to date.\"\" \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" was a commercial success, reaching the top-ten in the singer's native Canada, the U.S., and several other territories. In the United States, \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" debuted at number 97, and during its seventh week the song entered the top-forty at number 40. Five weeks later, the song jumped to number twenty, becoming Bieber's 15th top-twenty hit and his first since \"\"Heartbreaker\"\" (2013). It was also Skrillex and Diplo's first as lead artists. The song peaked six weeks later, reaching number eight – Bieber's first top-ten hit since \"\"Beauty and a Beat\"\" (2012).",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843873",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\ntop of two publications. It also won a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording. Commercially, the song peaked at number eight on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, giving both Skrillex and Diplo their first top 10 single on the chart, also giving Bieber his seventh. Internationally, the song has peaked within the top-ten of the charts in eight countries, including Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. While writing with Poo Bear for his upcoming album at the time, Justin Bieber heard a demo of an instrumental piano ballad Boyd did with Karl Rubin and enjoyed it, calling it \"\"special\"\". Later, he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14802012",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Now (Jimmy Harnen song)\"\n(who is currently a prominent figure in broadcasting and podsafe music movement), and keyboardist Chuck Yarmey. Although not the \"\"official\"\" lead vocalist for the group, Harnen was afforded the chance to sing lead on his own composition. \"\"Where Are You Now\"\" was first released on the independent label Micki Records in 1986. After receiving local airplay in the Wilkes-Barre market, Synch got signed to Columbia Records, and \"\"Where Are You Now\"\" was re-recorded and re-released as a single, later also appearing in a live version on Synch's lone album, \"\"...Get the Feelin\"\"'. By the time this album was recorded, only",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3216453",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Now (Jimmy Harnen song)\"\nWhere Are You Now (Jimmy Harnen song) \"\"Where Are You Now\"\" is a power ballad by the Pennsylvania-based 1980s band Synch. Co-written and sung by Synch band member Jimmy Harnen, the song was initially credited solely to 'Synch' when it was first released in 1986. In 1989, the song was re-released under the name 'Jimmy Harnen with Synch'. The song was featured on the Disney Channel sitcom, \"\"Liv and Maddie\"\". Synch was a band that formed in 1985, with Jimmy Harnen as the drummer. The band's other members were lead vocalist Lou Butwin, guitarist Dave Abraham, bassist James A. Donnelly",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4625396",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are We Now?\"\nWhere Are We Now? \"\"Where Are We Now?\"\" is the first single from David Bowie's 24th studio album, \"\"The Next Day\"\". The single was released on iTunes on 8 January 2013, Bowie's 66th birthday, along with a video by Tony Oursler, which was posted on Bowie's website. According to producer Tony Visconti, the timing of the release was Bowie's idea, and the single was simply \"\"dropped\"\" in iTunes for fans to discover, with no warning or fanfare. Upon its release, the song received significant news coverage, which allowed it to peak at number six on the UK Singles chart. This",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843877",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nstudio album, \"\"Purpose\"\" (2015). The original version, titled \"\"The Most\"\", was also released as a bonus track on the Japanese version of \"\"Purpose\"\". \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" was written by Sonny \"\"Skrillex\"\" Moore and Thomas Wesley \"\"Diplo\"\" Pentz, Nick Kibler, Jason \"\"Poo Bear\"\" Boyd, Karl Rubin Brutus, and Jordan Ware, and produced by Skrillex and Diplo. The song was composed in G major with a moderately slow tempo of 69 beats per minute and a time signature of . Bieber's vocal range spans from the low note of E4 to the high note of B5. Its instrumentation consists in \"\"fluterring",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3216455",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Now (Jimmy Harnen song)\"\nHarnen and Yarmey remained from the original line-up, with Harnen now the lead vocalist. The single only peaked at #77 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, leading to the band being dropped from Columbia. However, in 1989, the song gained huge popularity and received heavy airplay, prompting record executives to re-release the original (major label) recording of the single, now credited to 'Jimmy Harnen with Synch'. WTG, a new label at the time, signed Harnen as a solo artist, and while the song was climbing the charts, he began recording a full-length release for the label. This time, the song peaked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14667832",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Now (My Love)\"\nshops. The song went to number 1 in May 1965 and, according to some UK Charts, it knocked The Beatles's \"\"Ticket to Ride\"\" off the number one spot. A duet with Hatch, \"\"The Two of Us\"\", later achieved success on the Australian chart. Where Are You Now (My Love) \"\"Where Are You Now (My Love)\"\" is a 1965 song written by Tony Hatch and Jackie Trent, and recorded in December 1964 by Trent. The single gave Trent her only No. 1 hit when it reached the top of the UK Singles Chart for one week in May 1965. The song",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2885972",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nat number three in Australia and New Zealand, becoming the highest charting entries for Skrillex, Diplo and Bieber in the former. Eventually, it was certified two-times platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) and three-time platinum by the Recorded Music NZ; it was also the ninth highest-selling single of 2015 in the latter. The song also reached the top-ten in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Netherlands and Sweden. From May 29 to May 31, 2015, there was an event held at the Jack Ü headquarters for fans to customize the photo-shoots for the \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" music video with crayons",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14994677",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?\"\nWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been? \"\"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?\"\" is a frequently anthologized short story written by Joyce Carol Oates. The story first appeared in the Fall 1966 edition of \"\"Epoch\"\" magazine. It was inspired by three Tucson, Arizona murders committed by Charles Schmid, which were profiled in \"\"Life\"\" magazine in an article written by Don Moser on March 4, 1966. Oates said that she dedicated the story to Bob Dylan because she was inspired to write it after listening to his song \"\"It's All Over Now, Baby Blue\"\". The story was originally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2885976",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nas.\"\" The music video received four nominations at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, winning the Best Visual Effects category. As of December 2018, the music video has more than 1.0 billion views, 4.5 million likes and 300 thousand dislikes on YouTube. Bieber performed the song with Skrillex and Diplo for the first time at the 2015 Ultra Music Festival. Bieber performed the song again during one of Ariana Grande's shows on The Honeymoon Tour. He later performed the song at the 2015 Wango Tango, at a Calvin Klein music event in Hong Kong, at Hard Fest 2015 and during",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14667831",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Now (My Love)\"\nminor hits in the UK. The song was written and recorded in just four days after Hatch was asked by Granada TV to produce a song for the female lead in the programme to be seen on screen playing to herself. The lyrics were written by Trent in December 1964 (around Christmas), and she recorded the song in December 1964 just before she headed off to South Africa on a three-month tour. When the song first hit the screen, people contacted \"\"TV Times\"\" to ask where they could get it and the rush was on to get it into the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14994682",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?\"\nsong \"\"The Salesman, Denver Max\"\". Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? \"\"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?\"\" is a frequently anthologized short story written by Joyce Carol Oates. The story first appeared in the Fall 1966 edition of \"\"Epoch\"\" magazine. It was inspired by three Tucson, Arizona murders committed by Charles Schmid, which were profiled in \"\"Life\"\" magazine in an article written by Don Moser on March 4, 1966. Oates said that she dedicated the story to Bob Dylan because she was inspired to write it after listening to his song \"\"It's All Over Now, Baby",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19048495",
"chunk_text": "\"Where We Are\"\nWhere We Are Where We Are is the ninth studio album by Irish boy band Westlife. It was released on 27 November 2009 in Ireland and on 30 November 2009 in the UK through S Records, RCA Records and Sony Music. \"\"Where We Are\"\" is the group's first album following a break from music in 2008. This album was preceded by the lead single \"\"What About Now\"\" (a cover of the Daughtry song) and it was released on 23 October 2009 as a digital download a day later as a CD single. The group collaborated with numerous notable producers for",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843886",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nfirst verse, it fizzles out by the chorus with its repeated line 'where are you now that I need you' layered over an oddly tweaked, slightly grating synth line that sounds like the mewing of a robotic cat.\"\" In her \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" review, Leah Greenblatt explained tha the song is \"\"stripped down for maximum aerodynamics, the vocals mentholated and sweetened with a brushstroke of bass here, a snake-charmer synth line there. For Bianca Gracie of Idolator, the song \"\"solidified a genre-bending sound that was bubbling underground\"\" and \"\"ultimately became the best single of his career thus far.\"\" Sam C. Mac",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8325841",
"chunk_text": "\"You've Passed/Where You'll Find Me Now\"\nYou've Passed/Where You'll Find Me Now You've Passed/Where You'll Find Me Now is the third single by American psychedelic folk band Neutral Milk Hotel, released as part of their \"\"Walking Wall of Words\"\" compilation package on December 12, 2011. The single contains alternative versions of \"\"You've Passed\"\" and \"\"Where You'll Find Me Now\"\", which were both songs on the band's 1996 album \"\"On Avery Island\"\". Both songs were written by and are played by Jeff Mangum. He recorded both tracks at his father's house in Ruston, Louisiana in December 1994 on his four-track cassette tape. Both tracks, in comparison to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843883",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\noutside of the confines of a woman's love.\"\" For Emily Yoshida of \"\"The Verge\"\", \"\"'Where Are Ü Now' is about the priceless value of the personal relationship that is forged between a fan and a pop star.\"\" \"\"Billboard\"\" Jason Lipshutz included \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" in its \"\"Top 10 Songs of 2015 (So Far)\"\" list, stating that \"\"[t]his is the Justin Bieber we've been waiting for: emotive, vulnerable and smart enough to join forces with two of electronic music's most reliable maestros. The combination of Justin Bieber's moving falsetto and Skrillex and Diplo's tangled knot of beats makes 'Where Are",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14802014",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Now (Jimmy Harnen song)\"\nat #10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in June 1989. It also hit #3 on the Adult Contemporary chart. Harnen's debut solo album, \"\"Can't Fight the Midnight\"\" was released the same year. Where Are You Now (Jimmy Harnen song) \"\"Where Are You Now\"\" is a power ballad by the Pennsylvania-based 1980s band Synch. Co-written and sung by Synch band member Jimmy Harnen, the song was initially credited solely to 'Synch' when it was first released in 1986. In 1989, the song was re-released under the name 'Jimmy Harnen with Synch'. The song was featured on the Disney Channel sitcom, \"\"Liv",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5873938",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Will I Be Now\"\nWhere Will I Be Now \"\"Where Will I Be Now\"\" is a pop single by the Bay City Rollers. It was the first of three singles released from their 1978 album \"\"Strangers in the Wind\"\". The tune, written by British songwriter Chris East and featuring a lead vocal by Les McKeown, is an uptempo song with a heavily-orchestrated disco-style arrangement. It was released as a 7\"\" vinyl single in Japan, Germany, and the United States. \"\"Where Will I Be Now\"\" became a chart hit in Germany, reaching number 48. The song was the most successful single from the album, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19927315",
"chunk_text": "\"Where've You Been\"\nWhere've You Been \"\"Where've You Been\"\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Kathy Mattea. It was released in November 1989 as the third single from the album \"\"Willow in the Wind\"\". The song reached #10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Co-written by her husband, Jon Vezner, and Don Henry, the song is about two lovers, Edwin and Claire. It uses three interpretations of the phrase \"\"where've you been\"\", all spoken by Claire toward Edwin in various situations. In the first verse, she asks him where he has been all her life; in the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13675924",
"chunk_text": "\"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\"\nSkrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü is the only studio album by American DJ duo Jack Ü, individually known as Skrillex and Diplo. It was released on February 27, 2015 by OWSLA and Mad Decent, Skrillex and Diplo's respective labels. The album features collaborations with a range of artists including Kiesza, AlunaGeorge, 2 Chainz, Missy Elliott and Justin Bieber. It also features the Trinidadian soca artist Bunji Garlin. The album produced the internationally successful single \"\"Where Are Ü Now\"\" featuring Justin Bieber. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronic Album and \"\"Where",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843884",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nU Now' a deserved (and much-needed) triumph.\"\" Ryan Dombal of \"\"Pitchfork\"\" wrote the track is \"\"unexpected in all the best ways. It tones down everything you know about Skrillex while retaining his knack for dynamics. Diplo puts his own 10-ton-glowstick tendencies aside as the song combines sharp dancehall stabs and a gloriously sad Eastern melody in a way that recalls golden-age Timbaland. And Justin Bieber sings with something akin to actual human emotion.\"\" Markus Papadatos of Digital Journal called it \"\"superb\"\", noting that the song \"\"marks one of Justin Bieber's best vocal performances to date: it is soothing, controlled, delicate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10843889",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are Ü Now\"\nLater, after his performance at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, the song rebounded to number ten, becoming the first time Bieber had concurrent top 10s for the first time, since his song \"\"What Do You Mean?\"\" was at number-one. The song topped the Dance/Electronic Songs chart, becoming the first leader on the list for all the three artists. In the United Kingdom, the song managed to peak at number three, becoming Bieber's highest-charting single since 2012's \"\"Boyfriend\"\", Skrillex's first top-ten single out of his previous seven entries, and Diplo's first appearance as a solo artist. The song also peaked",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15462235",
"chunk_text": "\"Who Are You Now?\"\nWho Are You Now? Who Are You Now? is the third full-length studio album by alternative rock band This Providence, released on March 17, 2009. The album title comes from the song \"\"Playing the Villain\"\", the album's eleventh track. The album is the band's first full-length album after the departure of bassist Phil Cobrea, drummer Ryan Tapert, and guitarist Sean Gasperetti, and the addition of bassist David Blaise and drummer Andy Horst. The album was recorded at The Lair in Los Angeles. The album's release received support from Paramore, Travie McCoy of Gym Class Heroes, Matt MacDonald of The Classic",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12911709",
"chunk_text": "\"Now You See Me (film)\"\nfilm premiered in New York City on May 21, 2013 before its official release in the United States on May 31, 2013 by Summit Entertainment. The film received mixed reviews from critics but became a box office success, grossing $351.7 million worldwide against a budget of $75 million. The film won the Favorite Thriller Movie at the People's Choice Awards in 2014 and also received nominations for the Empire Award for Best Thriller and the Saturn Award for Best Thriller Film and Best Music. A sequel was released on June 10, 2016. Four stage magicians, J. Daniel \"\"Danny\"\" Atlas (Jesse",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15462236",
"chunk_text": "\"Who Are You Now?\"\nCrime, and others in a YouTube video uploaded by the band's label Fueled by Ramen. Music videos were released for the tracks \"\"Letdown\"\" and \"\"Keeping on Without You\"\". MTV News commented on the album's second track, \"\"Letdown\"\", calling it a \"\"fist-pumper of an anthem\"\" with \"\"frenzied overlapping bridges and orgasmic choruses\"\", but did not give a further review of the album as a whole. Who Are You Now? Who Are You Now? is the third full-length studio album by alternative rock band This Providence, released on March 17, 2009. The album title comes from the song \"\"Playing the Villain\"\", the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16174008",
"chunk_text": "\"I Got the Wherewithal\"\nI Got the Wherewithal \"\"I Got the Wherewithal\"\" is a song recorded by British group Theaudience, released as the group's debut single on 27 October 1997. The song peaked at #170 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was also issued in America as an E.P. in 1998. The B-sides for the single include \"\"Outside; Out Of Space\"\", which is an acoustic re-working of \"\"Running Out Of Space\"\" from the group's debut album, \"\"Theaudience\"\", \"\"Helen & Polly\"\" is an instrumental reworking of \"\"I Got the Wherewithal\"\" focusing mostly on the string arrangement, and \"\"Je Suis Content\"\" is a cover of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "21008090",
"chunk_text": "\"Where You Been\"\nWhere You Been Where You Been is the fifth official studio album by Dinosaur Jr., released on February 9, 1993. The song \"\"Start Choppin'\"\" was their biggest hit, reaching number 3 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart in the U.S., and the Top 20 of the UK Singles Chart. This was drummer Murph's last recording with J Mascis until 2007's \"\"Beyond\"\". This was the only Dinosaur Jr. album between 1988's \"\"Bug\"\" and 2007's \"\"Beyond\"\" to be recorded entirely with a full band. During Dinosaur's major label years, Mascis performed most of the instruments himself on record. The act peaked with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13381228",
"chunk_text": "\"From Where You Are (song)\"\nFrom Where You Are (song) \"\"From Where You Are\"\" is a single from the band Lifehouse that was written by Jason Wade for Allstate's Teen Driving Program. The song is dedicated to teens who have lost their lives in accidents and used to educate teens to drive safely. This song is also dedicated to a friend of Jason who died in a car accident at the age of 16. The music video combines Jason Wade singing in a recording studio and clips from the Allstate commercial. The single was made available through the US iTunes Store on November 6, 2007.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6158560",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are They Now\"\nWhere Are They Now \"\"Where Are They Now\"\" is a song recorded by English Oi!/punk rock band Cock Sparrer in 1982, from their album \"\"Shock Troops\"\". The lyrics comment on the previous six years of the punk subculture. The song portrays the early years of the punk movement in a negative light, bemoaning the lack of follow-through by the leading figures. It also comments on the band members' own naivete, exhorting listeners to not make the same idealistic mistakes. Its lyrics mention several punk legends. In an interview with the fanzine \"\"Schizoipunx\"\" from 27 July 2006, Mickey Beaufoy of Cock",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11593064",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are You Now, My Son?\"\nWhere Are You Now, My Son? Where Are You Now, My Son? is an album by Joan Baez, released in early 1973. One side of the album featured recordings Baez made during a US bombing raid on Hanoi over Christmas 1972. Included on the recording are the voices of Barry Romo, Michael Allen and human rights attorney Telford Taylor, with whom Baez made her famous 1972 visit to North Vietnam. The album's other side, featuring songs, written by Baez, Mimi Fariña and Hoyt Axton, was recorded in Nashville in January 1973. From the album's liner notes: All tracks composed by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14563231",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Have You Been\"\nWhere Have You Been \"\"Where Have You Been\"\" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna, from her sixth studio album, \"\"Talk That Talk\"\" (2011) serving as the fifth single. The song was written by Ester Dean, Geoff Mack, Lukasz \"\"Dr. Luke\"\" Gottwald, Henry \"\"Cirkut\"\" Walter, and Calvin Harris, with production handled by the latter three. \"\"Where Have You Been\"\" was released as the third international single from the album on May 8, 2012. The track is a dance-pop and techno house song that draws influence from trance, R&B and hip hop. It is backed by \"\"hard, chilly synths\"\" and contains",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4625405",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are We Now?\"\ntop-ten hit was in the UK in 1969 with \"\"Space Oddity.\"\" \"\"The Next Day\"\" was no. 1 on the iTunes charts in 17 countries on 8 January: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. It made the top 10 in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and the United States on the same day. Where Are We Now? \"\"Where Are We Now?\"\" is the first single from David Bowie's 24th studio album, \"\"The Next Day\"\". The single was released on iTunes on 8 January 2013, Bowie's 66th birthday,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "21008091",
"chunk_text": "\"Where You Been\"\n263,000 units sold in US. All songs written by J Mascis. Album - Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (North America) Where You Been Where You Been is the fifth official studio album by Dinosaur Jr., released on February 9, 1993. The song \"\"Start Choppin'\"\" was their biggest hit, reaching number 3 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart in the U.S., and the Top 20 of the UK Singles Chart. This was drummer Murph's last recording with J Mascis until 2007's \"\"Beyond\"\". This was the only Dinosaur Jr. album between 1988's \"\"Bug\"\" and 2007's \"\"Beyond\"\" to be recorded entirely with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4177450",
"chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Harnen\"\n\"\"Where Are You Now\"\". He had written the song with a friend named Rich Congdon, and the band decided to release it as a single on the independent label Micki Records, originally backed with the Butwin-sung B-side, \"\"End the Game\"\". After receiving local airplay in the Wilkes-Barre market, Synch was signed by Columbia Records and \"\"Where Are You Now\"\" was re-recorded at The Warehouse in Philadelphia with the former Dakota members Bill Kelly and Jerry Hludzik producing and Dave Abraham playing guitar. The band released the album \"\"...Get the Feelin\"\"' in 1986, and \"\"Where Are You Now\"\" reached #77 on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8301639",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Do We Go Now?\"\nNow?\"\" lasted for 2 months from 18 October until 18 December 2010. Khaled Mouzanar, Labaki's husband, composed the music for the film. Tania Saleh wrote the lyrics to all the songs in the film. The movie was released in Cannes in May 2011. Sam Nessim, who helped co-write the film with Labaki, shot the initial stills for the film and was set to be the director of photography at only 18 years old but he was not available during the months of production due to school so Christophe Offenstein stepped in. The film was shot in Taybeh a village near",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4177449",
"chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Harnen\"\nJimmy Harnen Jimmy Harnen is an American singer, songwriter, drummer, and music industry executive. He had a top ten U.S. hit in 1989 with the power ballad, \"\"Where Are You Now\"\". Harnen was born and raised in Plymouth, a small town in northeast Pennsylvania. In high school, he played drums in the marching band. In 1985, he became the drummer for the local band Synch, made up of lead vocalist Lou Butwin, guitarist Dave Abraham, bass guitarist James A. Donnelly and keyboard player Chuck Yarmey. That year, the band recorded some of their songs, with Harnen singing on one song,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4625398",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are We Now?\"\nalong with information about Bowie's upcoming new album \"\"The Next Day\"\". The release was unusual in that it was issued with no promotion, with fans discovering the existence of the single themselves. The news was widely reported and the single received much radio airplay, quickly topping the iTunes downloads chart and eventually charting at number six on the UK Singles Chart. Despite the media attention surrounding the surprise release, Bowie made no media appearances whatsoever, with producer Tony Visconti instead taking media requests and accepting an interviewer's suggestion that he was Bowie's \"\"voice on earth\"\". The lyrics are simple and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19168056",
"chunk_text": "\"Where U Been? (song)\"\nWhere U Been? (song) \"\"Where U Been?\"\" is a song by American rapper 2 Chainz from his second studio album \"\"\"\". (2013) The song was released as the album's first promotional single on August 1, 2013. It was produced by frequent collaborator Mike Will Made It, and featured a guest appearance by Cap.1. The song peaked on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles at number one. On August 1, 2013, 2 Chainz premiered the Mike Will Made It-produced \"\"Where U Been?\"\" featuring Cap.1, from his second studio album \"\"\"\". On the same day, it was serviced to DJs as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19927317",
"chunk_text": "\"Where've You Been\"\nrecording. From \"\"Willow in the Wind\"\" liner notes. Where've You Been \"\"Where've You Been\"\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Kathy Mattea. It was released in November 1989 as the third single from the album \"\"Willow in the Wind\"\". The song reached #10 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Co-written by her husband, Jon Vezner, and Don Henry, the song is about two lovers, Edwin and Claire. It uses three interpretations of the phrase \"\"where've you been\"\", all spoken by Claire toward Edwin in various situations. In the first verse, she asks him where",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13648290",
"chunk_text": "\"Where U Been? (song)\"\npleasant to the ear. Where U Been? (song) \"\"Where U Been?\"\" is a song by American rapper 2 Chainz from his second studio album \"\"\"\". (2013) The song was released as the album's first promotional single on August 1, 2013. It was produced by frequent collaborator Mike Will Made It, and featured a guest appearance by Cap.1. The song peaked on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles at number one. On August 1, 2013, 2 Chainz premiered the Mike Will Made It-produced \"\"Where U Been?\"\" featuring Cap.1, from his second studio album \"\"\"\". On the same day, it was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14563232",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Have You Been\"\nan electro-inspired breakdown sequence. The song's lyrics interpolate Geoff Mack's 1959 song \"\"I've Been Everywhere\"\" and speak of a woman who is searching for a partner who will sexually please her. \"\"Where Have You Been\"\" was met with positive reviews from most music critics, who likened the song to \"\"Talk That Talk\"\"'s lead single, \"\"We Found Love\"\". The track performed well on major international charts. In the United States, \"\"Where Have You Been\"\" reached number five on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, marking Rihanna's twenty-second top ten single on the chart. It also peaked at number one on both the US",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10122098",
"chunk_text": "\"To Where You Are\"\nbecoming 'Tu hwnt i'r sêr' In 2014, the song was performed by Hugh Jackman and Richard Marx during Richard Marx's \"\"A Night Out with Friends\"\" live sessions To Where You Are \"\"To Where You Are\"\" is a song performed by American singer Josh Groban on his 2001 debut album. It was written by Richard Marx and Linda Thompson and produced by Richard Marx. When released as a single in 2002, the song \"\"bubbled under\"\" the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at #116 in September of that year. It was more successful on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, where",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4045907",
"chunk_text": "\"Where Are They Now\"\nHosen's cover album Learning English Lesson 2 (2017), with Colin McFaull participating. Where Are They Now \"\"Where Are They Now\"\" is a song recorded by English Oi!/punk rock band Cock Sparrer in 1982, from their album \"\"Shock Troops\"\". The lyrics comment on the previous six years of the punk subculture. The song portrays the early years of the punk movement in a negative light, bemoaning the lack of follow-through by the leading figures. It also comments on the band members' own naivete, exhorting listeners to not make the same idealistic mistakes. Its lyrics mention several punk legends. In an interview",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16905856",
"chunk_text": "\"Where You Are (Jessica Simpson song)\"\nWhere You Are (Jessica Simpson song) \"\"Where You Are\"\" is a song by American recording artist Jessica Simpson from her debut studio album \"\"Sweet Kisses\"\". The single was released after strong commercial interest in her first single \"\"I Wanna Love You Forever\"\". Written by Louis Biancaniello, Sam Watters, A. Stamatopoulou, Nick Lachey and produced by Louis Biancaniello, Sam Watters, the song (which is a collaboration with Nick Lachey) was released as Simpson' second single on May 2, 2000 by Columbia. The song reached number 62 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, becoming Simpson's third Hot 100 chart entry. The single is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_997
|
when did dragon ball z air in australia?
|
n/a
|
[
"Fall 1998"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8102823",
"chunk_text": "\"Toonami (Australia)\"\nToonami (Australia) Toonami (a portmanteau of the words \"\"cartoon\"\" and \"\"tsunami\"\") is a former programming block on Cartoon Network Australia and New Zealand that ran from 7 July 2001 until 4 August 2006. Toonami was launched on Cartoon Network Australia on 7 July 2001 as an outlet for action animation. Most of its lineup consisted of anime, including already popular shows such as \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\", as well as the Australian premiere of \"\"Cardcaptors\"\" and exclusives such as \"\"Mobile Suit Gundam Wing\"\" and \"\"YuYu Hakusho\"\". Occasionally it also broadcast action cartoons from the United States such as \"\"Batman Beyond\"\". On",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14236381",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nit later aired in Canada. Funimation's in-house dub continued to air in the U.S., Australia and New Zealand. The Westwood Media production used the same voices from the original short-lived dub syndicated in the USA (which later aired on Toonami), it featured an alternate soundtrack by Tom Keenlyside and John Mitchell, and it used the same scripts and edits as the TV edit of Funimation's in-house dub (although the UK and Europe's version was slightly edited down from this). In Australia, \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" was broadcast by the free-to-air commercial network, Network Ten during morning children's programming, Cheez TV, originally",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9598406",
"chunk_text": "\"Toonami (Australia)\"\nprogramming that would have previously gone to Toonami is now spread out across the network's other time-slots. Toonami (Australia) Toonami (a portmanteau of the words \"\"cartoon\"\" and \"\"tsunami\"\") is a former programming block on Cartoon Network Australia and New Zealand that ran from 7 July 2001 until 4 August 2006. Toonami was launched on Cartoon Network Australia on 7 July 2001 as an outlet for action animation. Most of its lineup consisted of anime, including already popular shows such as \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\", as well as the Australian premiere of \"\"Cardcaptors\"\" and exclusives such as \"\"Mobile Suit Gundam Wing\"\" and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835657",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nIt premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996. Because Toriyama was writing the manga during the production of the anime, \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" added original material not adapted from the manga, including lengthening scenes or adding new ones, and adding new attacks and characters not present in the manga. For example, Toriyama was asked to create an additional character for Goku's training with King Kai, resulting in the cricket Gregory. Throughout the production, the voice actors were tasked with",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18733649",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Super\"\np.m. with an encore showing in their Toonami block later that night at 11:30 p.m. starting on January 7, 2017. This was later confirmed on Toonami's official Facebook page. The United States premiere of \"\"Dragon Ball Super\"\" obtained 1,063,000 viewers for its 8 p.m. showing on Adult Swim. Toonami Africa started airing Dragon Ball Super in Fall 2017 at 15:00 CAT (Central African Time) with an edited Funimation English Dub. In Australia, ABC Me started airing Dragon Ball Super on November 3, 2018, with a new episode every Saturday at 2:45 pm. Norihito Sumitomo, the composer for \"\"Battle of Gods\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835660",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\npreviously used a similar Vancouver-based voice cast in their short-lived 1995 dub of \"\"Dragon Ball\"\"). Saban musicians Ron Wasserman and Jeremy Sweet, known for their work on the \"\"Power Rangers\"\" franchise, composed a new background score and theme song (nicknamed \"\"Rock the Dragon\"\"). Funimation's initial English dub of \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" had mandated cuts to content and length, which reduced the first 67 episodes into 53. It premiered in the United States on September 13, 1996 in first-run syndication, but halted production in 1998 after two seasons. This was due to Saban scaling down its syndication operations, in order to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2970037",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball (manga)\"\nDragon Ball (manga) The manga was adapted into two anime series produced by Toei Animation: \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" and \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\", which were broadcast in Japan from 1986 to 1996. A media franchise has built up around the series; among the merchandise, there have been both animated and live-action films, collectible trading card games, action figures, collections of soundtracks and video games. The series was licensed for an English-language release in North America and the United Kingdom by Viz Media, and in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment. The companies initially split the manga into two parts, \"\"Dragon Ball\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11851598",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball\"\nApril 5, 2009, the series premiered in Japan airing in Fuji TV. \"\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\"\" reduced the episode count to 159 episodes (167 episodes internationally), from the original footage of 291 episodes. Damaged frames were removed, resulting in some minor shots being remade from scratch in order to fix cropping, and others to address continuity issues. The majority of the international versions, including Funimation Entertainment's English dub, are titled \"\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\"\". premiered on Fuji TV on February 7, 1996 and ran until November 19, 1997 for 64 episodes. Unlike the first two anime series, it is not",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14236380",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nwith both the American and Japanese background music. In January 2011, Funimation and Toei announced that they would stream \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" within 30 minutes before their simulcast of \"\"One Piece\"\". As of 2017, \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" is no longer being streamed on Hulu. The Funimation dubbed episodes also aired in Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Australia and New Zealand. However, beginning with episode 108 (123 uncut), AB Groupe and Westwood Media (in association with Ocean Studios) produced an alternate English dub. The alternate dub was created for broadcast in the UK, the Netherlands and Ireland, although",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835665",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nso than Nicktoons, most likely due to The CW being a broadcast network; although it's possible that 4Kids and Saban were both at least partially involved considering their notoriety for heavy censorship of this sort (including Saban's previous edits to the original \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" in the 1990s). \"\"Kai\"\" began airing uncut on Adult Swim's Toonami block on November 8, 2014, and re-runs of the previous week's episodes aired at the beginning of Adult Swim proper from February 2015 to June 2016. CSC Media Group acquired the broadcast rights to \"\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\"\" in the United Kingdom and began",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835684",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\n(these featured an alternate English dub produced by an unknown cast by AB Groupe), and Cartoon Network in Australia. Three TV specials based on \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" were produced and broadcast on Fuji TV. The first two were \"\"\"\" in 1990 and \"\"\"\" in 1993, the latter being based on a special chapter of the original manga. Both were licensed by Funimation in North America and AB Groupe in Europe. In 2013, a two-part hour-long crossover with \"\"One Piece\"\" and \"\"Toriko\"\", titled \"\"Dream 9 Toriko & One Piece & Dragon Ball Z Chō Collaboration Special!!\"\", was created and aired. Additionally,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3223086",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball\"\nthe manga. It premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996. Two television specials based on the \"\"Z\"\" series were aired on Fuji TV in Japan. The first, \"\"The One True Final Battle ~The Z Warrior Who Challenged Freeza -- Son Goku's Father~\"\", renamed \"\"\"\" by Funimation, was shown on October 17, 1990. The second special, \"\"Defiance in the Face of Despair!! The Remaining Super-Warriors: Gohan and Trunks\"\", renamed \"\"\"\" by Funimation, is based on a special chapter of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8703703",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F'\"\nAmerican theaters on August 4 for a limited run, initially to August 12, and then extended to August 17. It opened in Canada on Thursday, August 6. Madman Entertainment released the film in Australian theaters on August 6, both subtitled and dubbed in English, where it ran through until August 19, 2015. On July 26, 2015, at MCM Manchester Comic-Con, Manga Entertainment announced the release of the film in the United Kingdom in September 2015. The film was released on home video in Japan on October 7, 2015, North America on October 20, 2015, and in Australia on November 18,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835664",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\n61 episodes. Funimation licensed \"\"Dragon Ball Kai\"\" for an English-language release in North America, under the title \"\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\"\". The series was broadcast on Nicktoons from May 24, 2010 to January 1, 2012 (continuing in re-runs until April 2013). In addition to Nicktoons, the series also began airing on the 4Kids-owned Saturday morning programming block Toonzai on The CW in August 2010, then on its successor, the Saban-owned Vortexx, beginning in August 2012 until the block ended in September 2014. Both the Nicktoons and Toonzai/Vortexx airings were edited for content, though the Toonzai/Vortexx version was censored even more",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14236382",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nusing the censored Funimation/Saban dub before switching to Funimation's in-house dub. \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" originally aired on the British Comedy Network in Fall 1998. In February 2009, Toei Animation announced that it would begin broadcasting a revised version of \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" as part of the series' 20th-anniversary celebrations. The series premiered on Fuji TV in Japan on April 5, 2009, under the title \"\"Dragon Ball Kai\"\". The ending suffix in the name means \"\"updated\"\" or \"\"altered\"\" and reflects the improvements and corrections of the original work. The original footage was remastered for HDTV, featuring updated opening and ending sequences,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11851597",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball\"\noriginal manga and aired on February 24, 1993. In February 2009, \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" celebrated its 20th anniversary, with Toei Animation announcing that it would broadcast a re-edited and remastered version under the name . The footage would be re-edited to follow the manga more closely, eliminating scenes and episodes which were not featured in the original manga, resulting in a more faithful adaptation, as well as in a faster-moving, and more focused story. The episodes were remastered for HDTV, with rerecording of the vocal tracks by most of the original cast, and featuring updated opening and ending sequences. On",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19556561",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball (TV series)\"\nremained uncut for home video releases), and they notably left the original background music intact. The re-dubbed episodes aired on Cartoon Network from August 20, 2001 to December 1, 2003. Funimation also broadcast the series on Colours TV and their own Funimation Channel starting in 2006. This English dub was also broadcast in Australia and New Zealand. In Canada and Europe, an alternative dubbed version was produced by AB Groupe (in association with Blue Water Studios) and was aired in those territories instead of the Funimation version. The US version of \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" was aired on Cartoon Network with numerous",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835690",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nfor the Ford Focus. \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\"'s Japanese run was very popular with an average viewer ratings of 20.5% across the series. \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" also proved to be a rating success in the United States, as the premiere of Season Three of \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" in 1999, done by Funimation's in-house dub, was the highest-rated program ever at the time on Cartoon Network. In 2002, in the week ending September 22, \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" was the #1 program of the week on all of television with tweens 9-14, boys 9-14 and men 12-24, with the Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14128265",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F'\"\nthe original Japanese language and in localized dubbed versions. Funimation's English dub of the film received a limited release in North American theaters on August 4 and ran through until August 13, 2015. Madman Entertainment released the film in Australian theaters on August 6, where it ran through until August 19, 2015. Manga Entertainment acquired the rights for the release in the United Kingdom in September 2015. The film received generally favorable reviews, with critics praising the quality of animation and the fast-paced action sequences, while criticizing its formulaic and lackluster story tailored for a dedicated target audience without a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15531137",
"chunk_text": "\"Cowboy Bebop\"\nhas been run at least once every year since 2007, and HD remasters of the show began broadcasting in 2015. In the United Kingdom it was first broadcast in 2002 as one of the highlights of the \"\"cartoon network for adults\"\", CNX. From November 6, 2007, it was repeated on AnimeCentral until the channel's closure in August 2008. In Australia, \"\"Cowboy Bebop\"\" was first broadcast on pay-TV in 2002 on Adult Swim in Australia. It was broadcast on Sci Fi Channel on Foxtel. In Australia, \"\"Cowboy Bebop\"\" was first broadcast on free-to-air-TV on ABC2 (the national digital public television channel)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19556567",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball (TV series)\"\ntheir previous dub of the same episodes, having acquired them from Trimark after the company became defunct. After Lions Gate's license to the first thirteen episodes expired in 2009, Funimation remastered and re-released the complete \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" series to DVD in five individual uncut season box sets, with the first set released on September 15, 2009 and the final on July 27, 2010. Funimation's English dub of \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" has been distributed in other countries by third parties. Madman Entertainment released the first thirteen episodes of \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" and the first movie uncut in Australasia in a DVD set on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17161498",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi\"\nJapan, is the second installment in the \"\"Budokai Tenkaichi\"\" series. The game is available on both Sony's PlayStation 2 and Nintendo's Wii. The PlayStation 2 and Wii versions have different dates of release. It was released on the PlayStation 2 in Japan on October 5, 2006, Europe on November 3, 2006, North America on November 7, 2006, and Australia on November 9, 2006. The Wii version had slightly later releases; it was released in North America on November 19, 2006, Japan on January 1, 2007, Europe on March 30, 2007, and Australia on April 5, 2007. It is now a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12722195",
"chunk_text": "Gigantor\nshown in Australia on Melbourne television in January 1968 through Trans-Lux, on ATV-0 at 5:00pm. It was described by the \"\"TV Week\"\" as an \"\"animated science fiction series about the world's mightiest robot, and 12-year-old Jimmy Sparks who controls the jet-propelled giant\"\". The series aired in other markets around Australia, including Sydney, New South Wales on TEN-10, and in Adelaide, South Australia on SAS-10, (its debut on Monday October 28, 1968, at 5.55pm). It was also screened in New Zealand around the same time. \"\"Gigantor\"\" was one of a number of Japanese TV series that enjoyed strong popularity with young",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5203390",
"chunk_text": "\"Roujin Z\"\nand Australia in 1994, in North America in 1995, and its first Japanese DVD release on August 21, 1999. An \"\"HD Master Edition\"\" DVD was released in the region on April 13, 2005. The English dub was initially released on VHS by Manga Entertainment in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand in 1994. Image Entertainment distributed the English version on DVD in the US on August 26, 1998. Central Park Media re-released the movie on DVD on April 9, 2002, then again on April 27, 2004 under the US Manga Corps label. The home video version is currently out-of-print",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835667",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\n2016, Funimation announced the continuation of \"\"Kai\"\" to begin airing on Adult Swim's Toonami block; airing from January 7, 2017 to June 23, 2018. \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\"s original North American release was the subject of heavy editing which resulted in a large amount of removed content and alterations that greatly changed the original work. Funimation CEO Gen Fukunaga is often criticized for his role in the editing; but it was the distributor Saban which required such changes or they would not air the work, as was the case with the episode dealing with orphans. These changes included altering every aspect",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4499907",
"chunk_text": "\"Powerpuff Girls Z\"\nPowerpuff Girls Z The 52-episode series aired in Japan on TV Tokyo between July 1, 2006, and June 30, 2007. It also aired on AT-X and on Cartoon Network in Japan. The series was dubbed and produced by Ocean Productions in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada where as such, none of the voice actors for the original \"\"The Powerpuff Girls\"\" are present in the dub with most of the Canadian voice cast doing imitations of the original voice cast and it was aired on Cartoon Network Philippines and Boomerang (Australia and New Zealand) in 2008. A manga of the same name",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14236378",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nto financial constraints. This led to Funimation forming its own in-house voice cast at their Texas-based studio. The Saban-produced soundtrack from the first two seasons was replaced with a new background score composed by Bruce Faulconer and his team of musicians, which was used throughout the rest of Funimation's \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" dub. This renewed dub featured less censorship (due to fewer restrictions on cable programming) and aired on Cartoon Network's Toonami block from September 13, 1999 to April 7, 2003; continuing in re-runs through 2008. Kids' WB briefly ran \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" in 2001 on its short-lived Toonami block.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2912579",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods\"\nand Blu-ray on March 13, 2015, selling approximately 1,666 copies in its first week. Funimation released the theatrical and extended TV versions in North America on DVD and Blu-ray on October 7, 2014. A similar set was released in the United Kingdom by Manga Entertainment on November 10, 2014. Madman Entertainment released the film in Australia and New Zealand on DVD and Blu-ray on November 26, 2014. Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods It is the first-ever Japanese film to be screened at IMAX Digital Theaters, and was released on Blu-ray and DVD on September 13, 2013. Funimation acquired the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8347475",
"chunk_text": "\"Pokémon (anime)\"\non Nickelodeon and ProSieben Maxx, in Belgium on vtmKzoom and Kadet. In Canada, the series has aired on YTV for over 16 years. Partway through \"\"XY\"\", in 2014, it moved to Teletoon. In Australia, The show is currently broadcast on 9Go!, which began on 4 December 2016 airing \"\"Pokémon XY\"\" and 9 February 2017 of a repeat episodes of the show from the very beginning and all new episodes of \"\"Pokémon: Sun and Moon\"\" premiered on 17 July 2017 to onwards. This show was formerly shown on Network Ten from 5 October 1998 until 22 February 2012, and was later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8450797",
"chunk_text": "Toonami\nlatter two of which were never streamed. Toonami Jetstream launched on July 17, 2006 (after a brief unofficial sneak preview that began on July 14), and offered episodes of \"\"Naruto\"\", \"\"Hikaru no Go\"\", \"\"MÄR\"\", \"\"Zatch Bell!\"\", \"\"Pokémon\"\", \"\"Blue Dragon\"\", \"\"Samurai Jack\"\", \"\"Kiba\"\", \"\"Storm Hawks\"\" and \"\"\"\". On January 30, 2009, Toonami Jetstream ended its run. Since then, many of the shows aired until cancellation aired on Cartoon Network Video on its main website. In 2012, Adult Swim rebranded their action videos section as \"\"Toonami shows.\"\" It initially featured content from \"\"Durarara!!\"\", which never aired on the block. On February 27,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11851595",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball\"\nboth based on the same outline by Toriyama for the story of \"\"Super\"\". Toei Animation produced an anime television series based on the first 194 manga chapters, also titled \"\"Dragon Ball\"\". The series premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on February 26, 1986 and ran until April 19, 1989, lasting 153 episodes. Instead of continuing the anime as \"\"Dragon Ball\"\", Toei Animation decided to carry on with their adaptation under a new name and asked Akira Toriyama to come up with the title. picks up five years after the first series left off and adapts the final 325 chapters of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14236397",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nand March 12, 2013. Funimation released \"\"The Final Chapters\"\" in three DVD and Blu-ray volumes from April 25 to June 20, 2017. While the manga was all titled \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" in Japan, due to the popularity of the \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" anime in the west, Viz Media initially changed the title of the last 26 volumes of the manga to \"\"\"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\"\"\" to avoid confusion. The volumes were originally published in Japan between 1988 and 1995. It began serialization in the American \"\"Shonen Jump\"\", beginning in the middle of the series with the appearance of Trunks; the \"\"tankōbon\"\" volumes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14439901",
"chunk_text": "\"Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)\"\non 30 November 2010, ahead of a deadline by Foxtel to do so. On February 7, 2017, Cartoon Network Australia announced an exclusive video on-demand content deal with streaming service - Stan. As part of the deal, episodes from some shows such as Adventure Time and The Powerpuff Girls will premiere on Stan at the same time as the Cartoon Network Australia channel. A time block suited for mature audience, targeting adults at least 17 years old and above. The anime block aired from Monday to Thursday and started at 10:00pm and ended at 12:00am. The comedy block aired on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19556560",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball (TV series)\"\nacquired the license for the distribution of \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" in the United States. They contracted Josanne B. Lovick Productions and voice actors from Ocean Productions to create an English version for the anime and first movie in Vancouver, British Columbia. The dubbed episodes were edited for content, and contained different music. Thirteen episodes aired in first-run syndication during the fall of 1995 before Funimation canceled the project due to low ratings. In March 2001, Funimation announced the return of \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" to American television, featuring a new English version produced in-house with slightly less editing for broadcast (though the episodes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835661",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nfocus on producing original material for the Fox Kids block. Pioneer also ceased its home video release of the series at volume 17 (the end of the dub) and retained the rights to produce an uncut subtitled version, but did not do so. On August 31, 1998, reruns of this cancelled dub began airing on Cartoon Network as part of the channel's weekday afternoon programming block Toonami. Due to the success of these re-runs on Toonami, Funimation resumed production on the series' English dub without Saban's assistance, but could no longer afford the services of the Ocean voice cast due",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11069322",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragonball Evolution\"\nan American film, \"\"Dragonball Evolution\"\" was released in Japan and Hong Kong on March 13, 2009, nearly a month before its American release. It was released in Australia on April 2 and in the United Kingdom on April 8. Its release in its home country changed dates many times. Initially scheduled to be released in North America on August 15, 2008, it was later moved to April 2009 to allow time for additional filming and post-production work. The specific date then changed back and forth between April 10 and 8, with the final release date being April 10. The marketing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6055585",
"chunk_text": "Animax\naround Central Europe. But currently, plans have stopped and there are no longer plans to do due to financial reasons. It was, however, available as a daily block on AXN Spin HD (which is an offshoot of AXN Poland) airing on late mornings, the afternoon, and sometimes late at night. Programs airing on the block included \"\"Dragon Ball GT\"\", \"\"Naruto\"\", \"\"Vampire Knight\"\", \"\"Kilari\"\", \"\"Deltora Quest\"\", \"\"D.gray-man\"\", \"\"\"\", the \"\"Slayers\"\" series, and \"\"Soul Eater\"\". Animax launched as a two-hour programming block on the Sci Fi Channel Australia (which is co-owned by Animax's parent Sony Pictures Entertainment) from November 5, 2008, playing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14236415",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nNicktoons in May 2010 and set the record for the highest-rated premiere in total viewers, and in tweens and boys ages 9–14. Nielsen Mega Manila viewer ratings ranked \"\"Dragon Ball Kai\"\" with a viewer ratings with a high of 18.4% for October 30 – November 4 in 2012. At the end of April 2013, \"\"Dragon Ball Kai\"\" would trail just behind \"\"One Piece\"\" at 14.2%. Broadcasters' Audience Research Board ranked \"\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\"\" as the second most viewed show in the week it debuted on Kix. On its debut on Vortexx, \"\"Dragon Ball Z Kai\"\" was the third highest",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8494623",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball\"\nFunimation titled it for their dub, aired on March 26, 1997, between episodes 41 and 42, serving as a kind of precursor to the epilogue to the series shown at the end of episode 64. On April 28, 2015, Toei Animation announced , the first all-new \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" television series to be released in 18 years. It debuted on July 5 and ran as a weekly series at 9:00 am on Fuji TV on Sundays until its series finale on March 25, 2018 after 131 episodes. Masako Nozawa reprises her roles as Goku, Gohan, and Goten. Most of the original",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12348229",
"chunk_text": "\"Code Geass\"\nThe series finale premiered on June 7, 2009, ending the second season and the rest of the story. On April 23, 2010, Adult Swim's rights to this series expired. Following the closure of Bandai Entertainment in 2012, Sunrise announced at their official panel during Otakon 2013 that Funimation has rescued both seasons of \"\"Code Geass\"\" and in addition licensed \"\"Akito the Exiled\"\", along with a handful of other former Bandai Entertainment titles. In Australia and New Zealand, the series is sub-licensed to Madman Entertainment by Bandai Entertainment USA, and began airing on Australian channel ABC2 from January 19, 2009. As",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15694066",
"chunk_text": "\"Adult Swim\"\narise, the block is licensed to other networks or television stations instead. The Australian and New Zealand version of Adult Swim was broadcast on Cartoon Network until December 31, 2007. Shows aired at that time were \"\"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\"\", \"\"Sealab 2021\"\", \"\"Space Ghost Coast to Coast\"\", \"\"Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law\"\" (which also aired on SBS), \"\"Tom Goes to the Mayor\"\", \"\"Home Movies\"\", \"\"The Venture Bros.\"\", and before its closure, \"\"Squidbillies\"\". The comedy block aired every Friday and Saturday and an action block aired during the week, including mature anime like \"\"Cowboy Bebop\"\", \"\"InuYasha\"\", \"\"Bleach\"\", \"\"Air Gear\"\", \"\"Black Cat\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15687815",
"chunk_text": "Funimation\nLimited in the United Kingdom and Madman Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia Region (PNG, Solomon Islands, Fiji). Funimation's former UK outlets include Revelation Films and MVM Films. Funimation has also attempted to distribute \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" to Spanish speaking audiences, and has released a number of Spanish-language DVDs of the series. Funimation Entertainment, along with Olympusat, launched the Funimation Channel in September 2005, the second 24-hour anime digital cable network in North America (the first being A.D. Vision's Anime Network). Olympusat was the exclusive distributor of the channel. When the channel first launched, it was available to a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4298467",
"chunk_text": "\"Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)\"\nFridays and Saturdays and started at 10:30 pm and ended at 12:00 am with an encore till 1:30. Before the block was ceased \"\"Squidbillies\"\" also premiered with a special disclaimer about the content, as did most of the anime. Prior to its removal for strategic reasons, the Australian feed was one in the Asia-Pacific region to have this block. This block is currently shown on The Comedy Channel with \"\"Harvey Birdman\"\" and \"\"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\"\" as well as the premiere of \"\"Robot Chicken\"\" and \"\"Moral Orel\"\". Most of the anime that previously aired on Adult Swim now air on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835691",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\ntelecasts of \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" ranked as the top three programs in all of television, broadcast or cable, for delivery of boys 9-14. In 2001, Cartoon Network obtained licensing to run 96 more episodes and air the original \"\"Dragon Ball\"\" anime and was the top rated show in the Toonami block of Cartoon network. Beginning March 26, 2001, Cartoon Network ran a 12-week special promotion \"\"Toonami Reactor\"\" which included a focus on \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\", which would stream episodes online to high-speed internet users. Many home video releases were met with both the edited and unedited versions placing on in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14442073",
"chunk_text": "\"Television in Australia\"\nJay). In 1954, the Menzies Government formally announced the introduction of the new two-tiered TV system—a government-funded service run by the ABC, and two commercial services in Sydney and Melbourne, with the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne being a major driving force behind the introduction of television to Australia. TCN-9 Sydney began test transmissions on 16 September of that year, and officially commenced broadcasting on 27 October. HSV7 Melbourne became the first television station to broadcast to viewers in Melbourne on 4 November, soon followed by ABV-2 then GTV9 on 19 January 1957. Sydney station ABN-2 also started broadcasting in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14236395",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nset released on November 8, 2011. However, production of these 4:3 sets was suspended after the second volume, citing technical concerns over restoring the original film material frame by frame. Only a year later, the company began producing a cropped 16:9 remastered Blu-ray release in 2013, with nine sets released in total. On August 13, 2013, Funimation released all 53 episodes and the three movies from their first \"\"Dragon Ball Z\"\" dub created with Saban and Ocean Studios in a collector's DVD box set, titled the \"\"Rock the Dragon Edition\"\". In Japan, \"\"Dragon Ball Kai\"\" was released in wide-screen on",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12835666",
"chunk_text": "\"Dragon Ball Z\"\nairing it on Kix! in early 2013. Despite \"\"Kai\"\"s continuation not being officially confirmed at the time even in Japan, Funimation voice actors Sean Schemmel (Goku) and Kyle Hebert (Gohan), announced in April 2013 that they had started recording an English dub for new episodes. In November 2013, \"\"Kai\"\"'s Australasian distributor Madman Entertainment revealed that the Majin Buu arc of \"\"Kai\"\" would be released in 2014 and that they were waiting on dubs to be finished. However, in February 2014, Funimation officially stated that they had not started recording a dub for the final arc of \"\"Kai\"\". On December 6,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16152997",
"chunk_text": "\"Star Blazers\"\nin 1983 in Australia on the ABC network. The series aired Monday through Friday at 5pm. After four years of planning, a 26-episode animated remake of the 1974 story arc, \"\"\"\" (Uchū Senkan Yamato 2199), debuted in Japan on April 7, 2012. The series began release in North America on limited-edition DVDs and Blu-rays via Voyager Entertainment USA and Bandai Visual on February 27, 2014, under the title \"\"Star Blazers 2199\"\" in Japanese language with English Subtitles (created by Bang Zoom! Entertainment). The strong Japanese popularity of this remake, directed by Yutaka Izubuchi, has led to the production of an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5889329",
"chunk_text": "Futurama\n2011. \"\"Futurama\"\" began airing on Syfy on November 11, 2017. It has also aired on TBS for a short time Canadian networks YTV, Teletoon at Night and Global Television broadcast \"\"Futurama\"\" March 28, 1999 – August 10, 2003. The series was broadcast in Australia on the following stations: Seven Network aired the series from December 2, 1999 – 2004, Fox8 from 2000–present, Network Ten between 2005–2010, 2012–2014 and on Eleven January 11, 2011 – October 2017. Audiences in New Zealand received the series on the following stations: TV2 March 28, 1999 – 2005, the BOX from 2000–2010, C4 from 2005–2011,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "307895",
"chunk_text": "Zoids\nlikely a result of flagging ratings and toy sales, although its timeslot did not help matters. However, the full series aired in Australia and was later shown in Japan, getting full DVD releases in both countries. \"\"Zoids: Genesis\"\" aired in 2005. At a certain point in time, there was a great quake on Planet Zi. An enormous crack ran through the planet, stretching as far as the seabeds to the high mountains. Volcanoes erupted with fire, and the sky was covered in darkness. Many cities were destroyed as they were swallowed in large areas, sinking underwater. This was known as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_998
|
which type of hematoma is a result of torn bridging meningeal veins?
|
n/a
|
[
"A subdural hematoma",
"subdural hematoma (SDH)",
"subdural hematoma"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15468739",
"chunk_text": "\"Dura mater\"\nbridging vein causes a subdural hematoma. The supratentorial dura mater membrane is supplied by small meningeal branches of the trigeminal nerve (V1, V2 and V3). The innervation for the infratentorial dura mater are via upper cervical nerves. Many medical conditions involve the dura mater. A subdural hematoma occurs when there is an abnormal collection of blood between the dura and the arachnoid, usually as a result of torn bridging veins secondary to head trauma. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the dura and the inner surface of the skull, and is usually due to arterial bleeding. Intradural",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 0
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10931592",
"chunk_text": "\"Epidural hematoma\"\nEpidural hematoma Epidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater), and the skull. Often there is loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of consciousness again. Other symptoms may include headache, confusion, vomiting, and an inability to move parts of the body. Complications may include seizures. The cause is typically head injury that results in a break of the temporal bone and bleeding from the middle meningeal artery. Occasionally it can occur as a result of a bleeding disorder or blood vessel malformation. Diagnosis",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 1
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9301576",
"chunk_text": "\"Subdural hematoma\"\njuveniles, an arachnoid cyst is a risk factor for a subdural hematoma. Other risk factors for subdural bleeds include taking blood thinners (anticoagulants), long-term alcohol abuse, dementia, and the presence of a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Acute subdural haematoma is usually caused external trauma that creates tension in the wall of a bridging vein as it passes between the arachnoid and dural layers, i.e. the subdural space, of the brain's lining. This is because in the short course of the vein in the subdural space, circumferential arrangement of collagen surrounding the vein causes it to be susceptible to tear by this",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 2
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4893176",
"chunk_text": "\"Subdural hematoma\"\nSubdural hematoma A subdural hematoma (SDH), is a type of hematoma, usually associated with traumatic brain injury. Blood gathers between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. Usually resulting from tears in bridging veins which cross the subdural space, subdural hemorrhages may cause an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), which can cause compression of and damage to delicate brain tissue. Subdural hematomas are often life-threatening when acute. Chronic subdural hematomas, however, have a better prognosis if properly managed. In contrast, epidural hematomas are usually caused by tears in arteries, resulting in a build-up of blood between",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 3
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9301573",
"chunk_text": "\"Subdural hematoma\"\nthe brain will be present. Other signs and symptoms of subdural hematoma can include any combination of the following: Subdural hematomas are most often caused by head injury, when rapidly changing velocities within the skull may stretch and tear small bridging veins. Subdural hematomas due to head injury are described as traumatic. Much more common than epidural hemorrhages, subdural hemorrhages generally result from shearing injuries due to various rotational or linear forces. Subdural hemorrhage may be seen in shaken baby syndrome, in which similar shearing forces may cause retinal hemorrhages. Subdural hematoma is also commonly seen in the elderly and",
"is_relevant": null,
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"page_id": 4
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18440646",
"chunk_text": "\"Epidural hematoma\"\nand compress the brainstem, causing unconsciousness, abnormal posturing, and abnormal pupil responses to light. The most common cause of intracranial epidural hematoma is traumatic, although spontaneous hemorrhage is known to occur. Hemorrhages commonly result from acceleration-deceleration trauma and transverse forces. The majority of bleeds originate from meningeal arteries, particularly in the temporal region. 10% of epidural bleeds may be venous, due to shearing injury from rotational forces. Epidural hematoma commonly results from a blow to the side of the head. The pterion region which overlies the middle meningeal artery is relatively weak and prone to injury. Thus only 20 to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9301574",
"chunk_text": "\"Subdural hematoma\"\nin alcoholics, who have evidence of cerebral atrophy. Cerebral atrophy increases the length the bridging veins have to traverse between the two meningeal layers, hence increasing the likelihood of shearing forces causing a tear. It is also more common in patients on anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, such as warfarin and aspirin. Patients on these medications can have a subdural hematoma after a relatively minor traumatic event. A further cause can be a reduction in cerebral spinal fluid pressure which can create a low pressure in the subarachnoid space, pulling the arachnoid away from the dura mater and leading to a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1202537",
"chunk_text": "\"Intracranial hemorrhage\"\nand the cranium. These patients have a history of head trauma with loss of consciousness, then a lucid period, followed by loss of consciousness. Clinical onset occurs over minutes to hours. Many of these injuries are associated with lacerations of the middle meningeal artery. A \"\"lenticular\"\", or convex, lens-shaped extracerebral hemorrhage that does not cross suture lines will likely be visible on a CT scan of the head. Although death is a potential complication, the prognosis is good when this injury is recognized and treated. Subdural hematoma occurs when there is tearing of the bridging vein between the cerebral cortex",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10932741",
"chunk_text": "\"Middle meningeal artery\"\nfollowing branches: In approximately half of subjects it branches into an accessory meningeal artery. Very rarely the ophthalmic artery may arise as a branch of the middle meningeal artery. The middle meningeal artery may arise not only from the maxillary artery but also from the ophthalmic artery, or lacrimal artery. An injured middle meningeal artery is the most common cause of an epidural hematoma. A head injury (e.g., from a road traffic accident or sports injury) is required to rupture the artery. Emergency treatment requires decompression of the haematoma, usually by craniotomy. Subdural bleeding is usually \"\"venous\"\" in nature, rather",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11433181",
"chunk_text": "\"Subdural hematoma\"\nevacuation; most frequently, simple burr holes for drainage; often conservative treatment; and rarely, palliative treatment in patients of extreme age or with no chance of recovery. In those with a chronic subdural hematoma, but without a history of seizures, the evidence is unclear if using anticonvulsants is harmful or beneficial. Subdural hematoma A subdural hematoma (SDH), is a type of hematoma, usually associated with traumatic brain injury. Blood gathers between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. Usually resulting from tears in bridging veins which cross the subdural space, subdural hemorrhages may cause an increase in",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14653799",
"chunk_text": "Stroke\nof intracranial hemorrhage, such as epidural hematoma (bleeding between the skull and the dura mater, which is the thick \"\"outermost\"\" layer of the meninges that surround the brain) and subdural hematoma (bleeding in the subdural space), are not considered \"\"hemorrhagic strokes\"\". Hemorrhagic strokes may occur on the background of alterations to the blood vessels in the brain, such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral arteriovenous malformation and an intracranial aneurysm, which can cause intraparenchymal or subarachnoid hemorrhage. In addition to neurological impairment, hemorrhagic strokes usually cause specific symptoms (for instance, subarachnoid hemorrhage classically causes a severe headache known as a thunderclap",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9770093",
"chunk_text": "Hematoma\nword derives from the Greek αἷμα \"\"haima\"\" \"\"blood\"\" and -ωμα \"\"-oma\"\", a suffix forming nouns indicating a mass or tumor. Hematoma A hematoma (US spelling) or haematoma (UK spelling) is a localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries. A hematoma is benign and is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues including in sacs between tissues where it may coagulate and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels. An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14943658",
"chunk_text": "Haemophilia\nHaemophilia Haemophilia is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding. This results in people bleeding longer after an injury, easy bruising, and an increased risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain. Those with a mild case of the disease may have symptoms only after an accident or during surgery. Bleeding into a joint can result in permanent damage while bleeding in the brain can result in long term headaches, seizures, or a decreased level of consciousness. There are two main types of haemophilia: haemophilia A, which",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2170909",
"chunk_text": "\"Emissary veins\"\ninternal carotid pass through the cavernous sinus, with cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and V2 passing alongside the lateral wall of the sinus. Subsequent infection or inflammation in the cavernous sinus can result in damage to any of the cranial nerves that pass through it or meningitis. Also, rupturing the emissary veins will result in a subdural hematoma which will compress the brain. Emissary veins The emissary veins connect the extracranial venous system with the intracranial venous sinuses. They connect the veins outside the cranium to the venous sinuses inside the cranium. They drain from the scalp, through the skull,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "608954",
"chunk_text": "\"Epidural hematoma\"\nHe was immediately rushed to the hospital where he underwent a 2-hour surgery to relieve pressure on his brain. Although he never lost consciousness and walked off the field, McCarthy suffered an epidural hemorrhage, brain contusion and skull fracture in the accident. Epidural hematoma Epidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater), and the skull. Often there is loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of consciousness again. Other symptoms may include headache, confusion, vomiting, and an inability to move parts of the body.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8661723",
"chunk_text": "Hematoma\nHematoma A hematoma (US spelling) or haematoma (UK spelling) is a localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries. A hematoma is benign and is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues including in sacs between tissues where it may coagulate and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels. An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10mm. They may occur among/within many areas such as skin and other organs, connective tissues, bone, joints and muscle.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
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"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4893183",
"chunk_text": "\"Subdural hematoma\"\nand may ultimately lead to brain cell death. This condition lead to higher risk of death for the patient. Subdural haematoma may continually grow in size by the pressure effect of the haematoma on the brain. This causes the intracranial pressure of the brain to rise, squeezing the intracranial blood into the dural venous sinuses, raising the dural venous pressure, and resulting in more bleeding from the ruptured bridging veins. Subdural haematoma only stopped to enlarge when the pressure of the haematoma equalises with the intracranial pressure of the brain, as the space for haematoma expansion getting smaller and smaller.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3129751",
"chunk_text": "\"Superficial siderosis\"\nmyxopapillary ependymoma of the spinal cord, from chronic subdural hematoma, from a ventricular shunt, or from chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Chronic bleeding sources can also be a result of past brain surgery or CNS trauma, which may be the most common cause of superficial siderosis, with superficial siderosis showing up many years later. In up to as many as half of all described cases the source of bleeding was never found. Blood cells are not native to the cerebrospinal fluid, and their presence there is problematic. Once they eventually break down, they release the heme containing protein hemoglobin. Hemoglobin breaks down",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6466279",
"chunk_text": "\"Cavernous hemangioma\"\nCavernous hemangioma Cavernous hemangioma, also called cavernous angioma, cavernoma, or cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) (when referring to presence in the brain) is a type of blood vessel malformation or hemangioma, where a collection of dilated blood vessels form a lesion. Because of this malformation, blood flow through the cavities, or caverns, is slow. Additionally, the cells that form the vessels do not form the necessary junctions with surrounding cells. Also, the structural support from the smooth muscle is hindered, causing leakage into the surrounding tissue. It is the leakage of blood, known as a hemorrhage from these vessels that causes",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9237388",
"chunk_text": "\"Intracerebral hemorrhage\"\nIntracerebral hemorrhage Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as cerebral bleed, is a type of intracranial bleed that occurs within the brain tissue or ventricles. Symptoms can include headache, one-sided weakness, vomiting, seizures, decreased level of consciousness, and neck stiffness. Often symptoms get worse over time. Fever is also common. In many cases bleeding is present in both the brain tissue and the ventricles. Causes include brain trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and brain tumors. The largest risk factors for spontaneous bleeding are high blood pressure and amyloidosis. Other risk factors include alcoholism, low cholesterol, blood thinners, and cocaine use. Diagnosis is",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12913388",
"chunk_text": "\"Intracranial hemorrhage\"\nhemorrhage is considered a focal brain injury; that is, it occurs in a localized spot rather than causing diffuse damage over a wider area. Intra-axial hemorrhage is bleeding within the brain itself, or cerebral hemorrhage. This category includes intraparenchymal hemorrhage, or bleeding within the brain tissue, and intraventricular hemorrhage, bleeding within the brain's ventricles (particularly of premature infants). Intra-axial hemorrhages are more dangerous and harder to treat than extra-axial bleeds. Extra-axial hemorrhage, bleeding that occurs within the skull but outside of the brain tissue, falls into three subtypes: Epidural hematoma (EDH) is a rapidly accumulating hematoma between the dura mater",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1751941",
"chunk_text": "Hematoma\nA collection of blood (or even a hemorrhage) may be aggravated by anticoagulant medication (blood thinner). Blood seepage and collection of blood may occur if heparin is given via an intramuscular route; to avoid this, heparin must be given intravenously or subcutaneously. It is not to be confused with hemangioma, which is an abnormal buildup/growth of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs. Some hematomas are visible under the surface of the skin (commonly called bruises) or possibly felt as masses/lumps. Lumps may be caused by the limitation of the blood to a sac, subcutaneous or intramuscular tissue space",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13566165",
"chunk_text": "Hemiballismus\nVascular malformations Vascular malformations can cause abnormal blood flow to areas of the brain. If too little blood is delivered to the basal ganglia, a stroke can occur. Tuberculomas This is another form of tumor that can result in the brain as a result of a tuberculous meningitis infection. This type of tumor can also damage parts of the basal ganglia, sometimes resulting in hemiballismus. Demyelinating plaques Demyelinating plaques attack the myelin sheaths on neurons. This decreases the conduction velocity of the neurons, making the signals received by the basal ganglia garbled and incomplete. This disorganized signal can also cause",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14865558",
"chunk_text": "\"Pediatric stroke\"\ndysfunction of the brain tissue in that area. There are four reasons why this might happen: Stroke without an obvious explanation is termed \"\"cryptogenic\"\" (of unknown origin); this constitutes 30-40% of all ischemic strokes. Intracranial hemorrhage is the accumulation of blood anywhere within the skull vault. A distinction is made between intra-axial hemorrhage (blood inside the brain) and extra-axial hemorrhage (blood inside the skull but outside the brain). Intra-axial hemorrhage is due to intraparenchymal hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage (blood in the ventricular system). The main types of extra-axial hemorrhage are epidural hematoma (bleeding between the dura mater and the skull),",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9237397",
"chunk_text": "\"Intracerebral hemorrhage\"\nof mast cells in ICH. Intracerebral hemorrhage Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as cerebral bleed, is a type of intracranial bleed that occurs within the brain tissue or ventricles. Symptoms can include headache, one-sided weakness, vomiting, seizures, decreased level of consciousness, and neck stiffness. Often symptoms get worse over time. Fever is also common. In many cases bleeding is present in both the brain tissue and the ventricles. Causes include brain trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and brain tumors. The largest risk factors for spontaneous bleeding are high blood pressure and amyloidosis. Other risk factors include alcoholism, low cholesterol, blood thinners,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10931593",
"chunk_text": "\"Epidural hematoma\"\nis typically by a CT scan or MRI. When this condition occurs in the spine it is known as a spinal epidural hematoma. Treatment is generally by urgent surgery in the form of a craniotomy or burr hole. Without treatment death typically results. The condition occurs in one to four percent of head injuries. Typically it occurs in young adults. Males are more often affected than females. Epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhages are extra-axial bleeds, occurring outside of the brain tissue, while intra-axial hemorrhages, including intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages, occur within it. Epidural hematomas may present with a lucid period",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12025212",
"chunk_text": "\"Cirsoid aneurysm\"\nCirsoid aneurysm A cirsoid aneurysm is the dilation of a group of blood vessels due to congenital malformations with arterio venous (AV) shunting. Cirsoid means resembling a varix. Cirsoid aneurysm, in general, is a hemangioma of an artery. It most commonly occurs over the head, usually the superficial temporal artery and also its branches. It occurs most commonly in the scalp and temporal region. It can also occur in places where medium vessels lie over bones without much intervening tissues between them and the skin. Sometimes, a minor traumatic episode, such as a fall or bump on the head, can",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8657170",
"chunk_text": "\"Dural arteriovenous fistula\"\nis still unclear whether DAVFs are congenital or acquired. Current evidence supports transverse-sigmoid sinus junction dural malformations are acquired defects, occurring in response to thrombosis and collateral revascularization of a venous sinus. Cerebral angiography is the diagnostic standard. MRIs are usually normal. The Borden Classification of dural arteriovenous malformations or fistulas, groups into three types based upon their venous drainage: Type I dural arteriovenous fistulas are supplied by meningeal arteries and drain into a meningeal vein or dural venous sinus. The flow within the draining vein or venous sinus is anterograde. The distinction between Types Ia and Ib is somewhat",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6736776",
"chunk_text": "\"Dural venous sinuses\"\nof vessel layers (e.g. tunica media) characteristic of arteries and veins. It also lacks valves as seen in arteries. The sinuses can be injured by trauma in which damage to the dura mater, may result in blood clot formation (thrombosis) within the dural sinuses. Other common causes of dural sinus thrombosis include tracking of infection through the ophthalmic vein in orbital cellulitis. While rare, dural sinus thrombosis may lead to hemorrhagic infarction or cerebral oedema with serious consequences including epilepsy, neurological deficits, or death. Dural venous sinuses The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses)",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7204641",
"chunk_text": "\"Penetrating head injury\"\nor cerebral vasospasm are more likely to have worse outcomes. People with penetrating head trauma may have complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and neurogenic pulmonary edema. Up to 50% of patients with penetrating brain injuries get late-onset post-traumatic epilepsy. Penetrating head injury A penetrating head injury, or open head injury, is a head injury in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached. Penetrating injury can be caused by high-velocity projectiles or objects of lower velocity such as knives, or bone fragments from a skull fracture that are driven into the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4667394",
"chunk_text": "\"Bitemporal hemianopsia\"\ncompression are pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas. Also, another relatively common neoplastic cause is meningiomas. A cause of vascular origin is an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery which arise superior to the chiasm, enlarge, and compress it from above. The absence of vision in half of a visual field is described as \"\"hemianopsia\"\". The visual field of each eye can be divided in two vertically, with the outer half being described as \"\"temporal\"\", and the inner half being described as \"\"nasal\"\". \"\"Bitemporal hemianopsia\"\" can be broken down as follows: Bitemporal hemianopsia Bitemporal hemianopsia, also known as bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia or",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12200528",
"chunk_text": "Thrombosis\noccur at random. Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a specialised form of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, where there is thrombosis of the cavernous sinus of the basal skull dura, due to the retrograde spread of infection and endothelial damage from the danger triangle of the face. The facial veins in this area anastomose with the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins of the orbit, which drain directly posteriorly into the cavernous sinus through the superior orbital fissure. Staphyloccoal or Streptococcal infections of the face, for example nasal or upper lip pustules may thus spread directly into the cavernous sinus, causing stroke-like symptoms",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5635254",
"chunk_text": "\"Spinal epidural hematoma\"\nanaesthesia is difficult to quantify; estimates vary from 1 per 10,000 to 1 per 100,000 epidural anaesthetics. The anatomy of the epidural space is such that spinal epidural hematoma has a different presentation from intracranial epidural hematoma. In the spine, the epidural space contains loose fatty tissue and a network of large, thin-walled veins, referred to as the epidural venous plexus. The source of bleeding in spinal epidural hematoma is likely to be this venous plexus. Spinal epidural hematoma Spinal epidural hematoma is bleeding into the epidural space in the spine. These may arise spontaneously (e.g. during childbirth), or as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "13790564",
"chunk_text": "Hemarthrosis\nHemarthrosis Hemarthrosis (or haemarthrosis) is a bleeding into joint spaces. It is a common feature of Hemophilia. It usually follows injury but occurs mainly in patients with a predisposition to hemorrhage such as those being treated with warfarin (or other anticoagulants) and patients with hemophilia. It can be associated with knee joint arthroplasty. It has also been reported as a part of hemorrhagic syndrome in the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, suggesting a viral cause to the bleeding in a joint space. Hemarthrosis is diagnoised through the methods listed below: A physical examination is the first step, the joints of the patient",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "1273262",
"chunk_text": "\"Intraventricular hemorrhage\"\nIntraventricular hemorrhage Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), also known as intraventricular bleeding, is a bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulates through towards the subarachnoid space. It can result from physical trauma or from hemorrhaging in stroke. 30% of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are primary, confined to the ventricular system and typically caused by intraventricular trauma, aneurysm, vascular malformations, or tumors, particularly of the choroid plexus. However 70% of IVH are secondary in nature, resulting from an expansion of an existing intraparenchymal or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage has been found to occur in 35% of moderate",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11755144",
"chunk_text": "\"Arteriovenous malformation\"\nArteriovenous malformation Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system. This vascular anomaly is widely known because of its occurrence in the central nervous system (usually cerebral AVM), but can appear in any location. Although many AVMs are asymptomatic, they can cause intense pain or bleeding or lead to other serious medical problems. AVMs are usually congenital and belong to the RASopathies. The genetic transmission patterns of AVMs are incomplete, but there are known genetic mutations (for instance in the epithelial line, tumor suppressor PTEN gene) which can lead to an increased occurrence",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5845227",
"chunk_text": "\"Intracranial aneurysm\"\n1 per 10,000 persons per year in the United States (approximately 27,000), with 30- to 60-year-olds being the age group most affected. Intracranial aneurysms occur more in women, by a ratio of 3 to 2, and are rarely seen in pediatric populations. Intracranial aneurysm Intracranial aneurysm, also known as brain aneurysm, is a cerebrovascular disorder in which weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery or vein causes a localized dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel. Aneurysms in the posterior circulation (basilar artery, vertebral arteries and posterior communicating artery) have a higher risk of rupture. Basilar artery aneurysms represent",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7203725",
"chunk_text": "\"Traumatic brain injury\"\non the interior skull ridge above the eyes. In a similar injury, cerebral contusion (bruising of brain tissue), blood is mixed among tissue. In contrast, intracranial hemorrhage involves bleeding that is not mixed with tissue. Hematomas, also focal lesions, are collections of blood in or around the brain that can result from hemorrhage. Intracerebral hemorrhage, with bleeding in the brain tissue itself, is an intra-axial lesion. Extra-axial lesions include epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Epidural hematoma involves bleeding into the area between the skull and the dura mater, the outermost of the three membranes surrounding the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11346410",
"chunk_text": "\"Brain herniation\"\nBrain herniation Brain herniation is a potentially deadly side effect of very high pressure within the skull that occurs when a part of the brain is squeezed across structures within the skull. The brain can shift across such structures as the falx cerebri, the tentorium cerebelli, and even through the foramen magnum (the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord connects with the brain). Herniation can be caused by a number of factors that cause a mass effect and increase intracranial pressure (ICP): these include traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, or brain tumor. Herniation can",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2178660",
"chunk_text": "\"Epidural hematoma\"\nand irregular respiration. Epidural bleeding is rapid because it is usually from arteries, which are high pressure. Epidural bleeds from arteries can grow until they reach their peak size at six to eight hours post injury, spilling from 25 to 75 cubic centimeters of blood into the intracranial space. As the hematoma expands, it strips the dura from the inside of the skull, causing an intense headache. Epidural bleeds can become large and raise intracranial pressure, causing the brain to shift, lose blood supply, or be crushed against the skull. Larger hematomas cause more damage. Epidural bleeds can quickly expand",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8955077",
"chunk_text": "\"Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis\"\nsinuses, which carry blood back to the jugular vein and thence to the heart. In cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, blood clots usually form both in the veins of the brain and the venous sinuses. The thrombosis of the veins themselves causes venous infarction—damage to brain tissue due to a congested and therefore insufficient blood supply. This results in cerebral edema (both \"\"vasogenic\"\" and \"\"cytotoxic\"\" edema), and leads to small petechial haemorrhages that may merge into large haematomas. Thrombosis of the sinuses is the main mechanism behind the increase in intracranial pressure due to decreased resorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15278452",
"chunk_text": "\"Subdural hematoma\"\nthe dura mater and skull. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, the third type of brain hemorrhages, is bleeding into the subarachnoid space — the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain. Symptoms of subdural hemorrhage have a slower onset than those of epidural hemorrhages because the lower pressure veins bleed more slowly than arteries. Therefore, signs and symptoms may show up in minutes, if not immediately but can be delayed as much as two weeks. If the bleeds are large enough to put pressure on the brain, signs of increased ICP (intracranial pressure) or damage to part of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4696093",
"chunk_text": "\"Cerebral arteriovenous malformation\"\nCerebral arteriovenous malformation A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cerebral AVM, CAVM, cAVM) is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain—specifically, an arteriovenous malformation in the cerebrum. The most frequently observed problems, related to an AVM, are headaches and seizures, backaches, neckaches and eventual nausea, as the coagulated blood makes its way down to be dissolved in the individual's spinal fluid. It is supposed that 15% of the population, at detection, have no symptoms at all. Other common symptoms are a pulsing noise in the head, progressive weakness and numbness and vision changes as well as debilitating, excruciating",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5321825",
"chunk_text": "\"Traumatic brain injury\"\nof blood flow in the brain) is reduced; ischemia results. When the pressure within the skull rises too high, it can cause brain death or herniation, in which parts of the brain are squeezed by structures in the skull. A particularly weak part of the skull that is vulnerable to damage causing extradural haematoma is the pterion, deep in which lies the middle meningeal artery, which is easily damaged in fractures of the pterion. Since the pterion is so weak, this type of injury can easily occur and can be secondary due to trauma to other parts of the skull",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "18440644",
"chunk_text": "\"Epidural hematoma\"\nopposite to the side of the lesion, due to compression of the posterior cerebral artery on the side of the lesion. The most feared event that takes place is tonsillar herniation which could result in respiratory arrest since the medullary structures are compromised. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) may be involved late in the process as the pons becomes compressed, but this is not a significant clinical presentation, since by that time the patient may already be dead. In the case of epidural hematoma in the posterior cranial fossa, the herniation is tonsillar and causes the Cushing's triad: hypertension, bradycardia,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5845209",
"chunk_text": "\"Intracranial aneurysm\"\nIntracranial aneurysm Intracranial aneurysm, also known as brain aneurysm, is a cerebrovascular disorder in which weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery or vein causes a localized dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel. Aneurysms in the posterior circulation (basilar artery, vertebral arteries and posterior communicating artery) have a higher risk of rupture. Basilar artery aneurysms represent only 3%-5% of all intracranial aneurysms but are the most common aneurysms in the posterior circulation. Cerebral aneurysms are classified both by size and shape. Small aneurysms have a diameter of less than 15 mm. Larger aneurysms include those classified as large",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "11755149",
"chunk_text": "\"Arteriovenous malformation\"\nbetween high-pressure arteries and low-pressure veins. The resultant sign, audible via stethoscope, is a rhythmic, whooshing sound caused by excessively rapid blood flow through the arteries and veins. It has been given the term \"\"bruit\"\", French for noise. On some occasions, a patient with a brain AVM may become aware of the noise, which can compromise hearing and interfere with sleep in addition to causing psychological distress. AVMs are diagnosed primarily by the following methods: AVMs can occur in various parts of the body: AVMs may occur in isolation or as a part of another disease (for example, Von Hippel-Lindau",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2972121",
"chunk_text": "\"Cerebrovascular disease\"\ncapillary bed separates arteries from veins, which protects the veins from the higher blood pressures that occur in arteries. In arteriovenous malformations, arteries are directly connected to veins, which increases the risk of venous rupture and hemorrhage. Arteriovenous malformations in the brain have a 2–4% chance of rupture each year. However, many arteriovenous malformations go unnoticed and are asymptomatic throughout a person's lifetime. A germinal matrix hemorrhage is bleeding into the brain of premature infants caused by the rupture of fragile blood vessels within the germinal matrix of premature babies. The germinal matrix is a highly vascularized area within an",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12913386",
"chunk_text": "\"Intracranial hemorrhage\"\nIntracranial hemorrhage Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding within the skull. Subtypes are intracerebral bleeds (intraventricular bleeds and intraparenchymal bleeds), subarachnoid bleeds, epidural bleeds, and subdural bleeds. Intracerebral bleeding affects 2.5 per 10,000 people each year. Intracranial hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency because the buildup of blood within the skull can lead to increases in intracranial pressure, which can crush delicate brain tissue or limit its blood supply. Severe increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) can cause brain herniation, in which parts of the brain are squeezed past structures in the skull. Intracranial bleeding occurs when",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4696095",
"chunk_text": "\"Cerebral arteriovenous malformation\"\nlocations may stop the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid, causing accumulation of the fluid within the skull and giving rise to a clinical condition called hydrocephalus. A stiff neck can occur as the result of increased pressure within the skull and irritation of the meninges. AVMs are an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the human brain. Arteriovenous malformations are most commonly of prenatal origin. In a normal brain oxygen enriched blood from the heart travels in sequence through smaller blood vessels going from arteries, to arterioles and then capillaries. Oxygen is removed in the latter vessel to",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
test_999
|
who sang i want to be bobbys girl?
|
n/a
|
[
"Marcie Blane"
] |
[] |
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
[] |
[
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15229781",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby's Girl (song)\"\nBobby's Girl (song) \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\" is a song and single written by Gary Klein and Henry Hoffman and performed by American teenage singer, Marcie Blane. It was first released in 1962 in America. It has a spoken introduction and a backing refrain of \"\"\"\"You're not a kid anymore\"\"\"\" and was popular with the American teenage audience. It entered the charts in October and made the Top 10 within a month reaching 3 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 by December, where it stayed for four weeks only to be kept from the top of the charts by The Four Seasons' \"\"Big",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 0
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "14029631",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby's Girl (song)\"\n45 in West Germany. Bobby's Girl (song) \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\" is a song and single written by Gary Klein and Henry Hoffman and performed by American teenage singer, Marcie Blane. It was first released in 1962 in America. It has a spoken introduction and a backing refrain of \"\"\"\"You're not a kid anymore\"\"\"\" and was popular with the American teenage audience. It entered the charts in October and made the Top 10 within a month reaching 3 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 by December, where it stayed for four weeks only to be kept from the top of the charts by",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 1
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16341289",
"chunk_text": "\"Marcie Blane\"\nMarcie Blane Marcia Blank better known as Marcie Blane, is an American pop singer. Blane was born in Brooklyn, New York. As a favor to a friend, Marcie recorded a demo for Seville Records. The song was \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\". Released in the fall of 1962, \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\" made #2 on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" chart and #3 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, and was later recorded for the German market in their language. It sold over one million copies by 1963, and was awarded a gold disc. In the United Kingdom the song was covered by Susan Maughan who had the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 2
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12641056",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby's Girl (song)\"\nGirls Don't Cry\"\" and Elvis Presley's \"\"Return to Sender\"\". It reached 2 on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" chart staying on the charts for nineteen weeks and made Blane the top selling female singer in the US. The Susan Maughan cover version was also released in 1962, in the UK. It featured Wally Stott and his orchestra and chorus. Maughan's version spent nineteen weeks on the UK's \"\"Record Retailer\"\" chart, peaking at No. 3. In 1983, Tracey Ullman released a version of \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\" on the album \"\"You Broke My Heart in 17 Places\"\" and as a single. Ullman's version reached No.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 3
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4816726",
"chunk_text": "\"Susan Maughan\"\nSusan Maughan Susan Maughan (born Marian Maughan, 1 July 1938,) is an English singer who released successful singles in the 1960s. Her most famous and successful song, \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\" (a cover of the Marcie Blane single), reached number three in the UK Singles Chart at Christmas time in 1962. It also reached number six in the Norwegian chart in that year. Maughan was born in Consett, County Durham. The sleeve notes on her 1963 album, written by John Franz, stated that \"\"Susan's family moved to Birmingham (in 1953) when Susan was 15. She started work there as a shorthand typist,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 4
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4816731",
"chunk_text": "\"Susan Maughan\"\nshe recorded the song, \"\"Time\"\", from the film, \"\"Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry\"\", which she sang during her appearance the same year on the Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club show. She married advertising executive Nicolas Teller, February 1965. She now lives in Eastbourne with second husband Nick Leigh, a theatre director. Susan Maughan Susan Maughan (born Marian Maughan, 1 July 1938,) is an English singer who released successful singles in the 1960s. Her most famous and successful song, \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\" (a cover of the Marcie Blane single), reached number three in the UK Singles Chart at Christmas time in 1962. It",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 5
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4944018",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby's Girl (album)\"\nBobby's Girl (album) Bobby's Girl is an album by Aileen Quinn. It was released on cassette and LP in November 1982 by Columbia Records (ARC-38378). Aileen Quinn is best known for her portrayal of the title character in the movie musical \"\"Annie\"\". The titular song of the album is a cover of the Marcie Blane song, \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\", also covered with success in the United Kingdom by Susan Maughan. Backing tracks for Aileen's album were recorded at Lion Share Studios in Hollywood in August 1982. Aileen overdubbed her vocals in famed MediaSound Studios in New York City in September 1982.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 6
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7675595",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Brown\"\nAfter performing in several talent shows in the Boston area in 1982, they signed a deal with fellow Bostonian Arthur Baker's Streetwise Records, who released their debut album \"\"Candy Girl\"\". The title track, on which Brown sang co-lead alongside Bell and Tresvant, was a top-20 hit on Billboard's R&B Singles Chart in 1983. Brown's first full lead vocal performance was on the New Edition ballad \"\"Jealous Girl,\"\" which was a minor hit when it also charted in 1983. The group became pop sensations with their self-titled second release. The album included the crossover hits \"\"Cool It Now\"\" and \"\"Mr. Telephone",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 7
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "534375",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Brown (song)\"\nBobby Brown (song) \"\"Bobby Brown (Goes Down)\"\" ( ) is a song by Frank Zappa released on his album \"\"Sheik Yerbouti\"\" in 1979. One of his best known songs, it was hugely successful in Europe. The song describes a wealthy, misogynistic student named Bobby Brown, \"\"the cutest boy in town,\"\" whose life is the archetypical American Dream until a traumatic sexual encounter with \"\"Freddie,\"\" a lesbian involved in the women's liberation movement, leaves him questioning his sexuality. Bobby transforms into a leisure suit-wearing closeted homosexual working in radio promotions; by the end of the song, he and \"\"a friend\"\" (later",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 8
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17571941",
"chunk_text": "\"I Want You to Be My Baby\"\nI Want You to Be My Baby \"\"I Want You to Be My Baby\"\" is a jump blues song written by Jon Hendricks for Louis Jordan whose recording - made 28 May 1953 - was an R&B hit that autumn. In the summer of 1955 \"\"I Want You to Be My Baby\"\" was remade as the debut disc by comedy musical act Lillian Briggs resulting in an expedient cover version by veteran vocalist Georgia Gibbs: producers Hugo & Luigi had Gibbs fly in from her Massachusetts home to New York City on Wednesday 3 August 1955 to cut \"\"I Want",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 9
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "534377",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Brown (song)\"\n2:43 B.\"\"Stick It Out\"\" – 4:33 Bobby Brown (song) \"\"Bobby Brown (Goes Down)\"\" ( ) is a song by Frank Zappa released on his album \"\"Sheik Yerbouti\"\" in 1979. One of his best known songs, it was hugely successful in Europe. The song describes a wealthy, misogynistic student named Bobby Brown, \"\"the cutest boy in town,\"\" whose life is the archetypical American Dream until a traumatic sexual encounter with \"\"Freddie,\"\" a lesbian involved in the women's liberation movement, leaves him questioning his sexuality. Bobby transforms into a leisure suit-wearing closeted homosexual working in radio promotions; by the end of the",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 10
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "7120835",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Lee Trammell\"\nbut may have sold as many as 250,000 copies. Ricky Nelson covered \"\"Shirley Lee\"\" soon after. Trammell's career then went through a series of mishaps. He auditioned for \"\"The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet\"\", but was not offered a spot. Ricky Nelson had expressed interest in looking at more of Trammell's work, but Trammell did not take the offer seriously. During the recording of his second single, \"\"You Mostest Girl\"\", he was backed by an orchestra and chorus, and he nearly quit his contract over the difficult recording session. Both this single and its follow-up, \"\"My Susie J - My",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 11
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16749653",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Sherman\"\nBobby Sherman Robert Cabot \"\"Bobby\"\" Sherman Jr. (born July 22, 1943) is an American singer, actor and occasional songwriter, who became a popular teen idol in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He had a series of successful singles, notably the million-seller \"\"Little Woman\"\" (1969). Sherman mostly retired from music in the 1970s for a career as a paramedic and later police officer, though he still performs and records occasionally. Sherman graduated in 1961 from Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, California. He attended Pierce College in Woodland Hills, California. His interest in music began at age 11 when he",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 12
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4521383",
"chunk_text": "\"Girl (Why You Wanna Make Me Blue)\"\nRobinson. Ruffin, up to this point, had only sung lead on stage and on a few unreleased tracks, otherwise singing backgrounds behind Kendricks and then main lead singer Paul Williams. When \"\"My Girl\"\" hit number 1 on the R&B and Pop Charts in 1965, it signaled the continuing of Robinson as the group’s main producer, and the start of Ruffin's run as The Temptations' main lead singer. Phil Collins recorded a version of the song for his album of soul covers, \"\"Going Back\"\". In the 1990s, Italian-Brazilian songstress Deborah Blando recorded a version of the song as the first cut",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 13
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16341290",
"chunk_text": "\"Marcie Blane\"\nhit. \"\"What Does A Girl Do?\"\", the follow-up single, rose to #82 on the Hot 100 list in early 1963, and was Blane's only other appearance on any Billboard chart. \"\"Bobby's Girl: The Complete Seville Recordings\"\" (2004, President Records) Marcie Blane Marcia Blank better known as Marcie Blane, is an American pop singer. Blane was born in Brooklyn, New York. As a favor to a friend, Marcie recorded a demo for Seville Records. The song was \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\". Released in the fall of 1962, \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\" made #2 on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" chart and #3 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 14
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "9770798",
"chunk_text": "\"Boys Wanna Be Her\"\nBoys Wanna Be Her \"\"Boys Wanna Be Her\"\" is a song written and recorded by Peaches, released as the second single from her third full-length album, \"\"Impeach My Bush\"\". The music video shows Peaches and The Herms, all dressed in glam rock fashions, hitting themselves until they bleed while performing the song on stage. \"\"Boys Wanna Be Her\"\" was featured in episodes of television series \"\"Ugly Betty\"\" (\"\"Don't Ask, Don't Tell\"\") and \"\"The L Word\"\" (featured on the compilation album). The song is used in the Canadian supernatural TV show \"\"Lost Girl\"\". It was used in promos for the FX",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 15
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19862191",
"chunk_text": "\"She's My Kind of Girl\"\nShe's My Kind of Girl \"\"She's My Kind of Girl\"\" is a song written and performed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, who were later famous as members of ABBA. Written for the Swedish movie \"\"Inga II: The Seduction Of Inga\"\", the song was recorded in November/December 1969, most likely at Europa Film Studios. The song was originally released in March 1970 as the first Björn and Benny single. Two years later it was released in Japan, hitting #1 and selling half a million copies. Because of that Benny and Björn were invited to perform in the World Popular Song",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 16
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4944019",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby's Girl (album)\"\nThe LP was released on November 16, 1982. Bobby's Girl (album) Bobby's Girl is an album by Aileen Quinn. It was released on cassette and LP in November 1982 by Columbia Records (ARC-38378). Aileen Quinn is best known for her portrayal of the title character in the movie musical \"\"Annie\"\". The titular song of the album is a cover of the Marcie Blane song, \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\", also covered with success in the United Kingdom by Susan Maughan. Backing tracks for Aileen's album were recorded at Lion Share Studios in Hollywood in August 1982. Aileen overdubbed her vocals in famed MediaSound",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 17
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2160997",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Freeman\"\nBobby Freeman Robert Thomas \"\"Bobby\"\" Freeman (June 13, 1940 – January 23, 2017) was an African-American rock, soul and R&B singer, songwriter and record producer from San Francisco, best known for his two Top Ten hits, the first in 1958 on Josie Records called \"\"Do You Want to Dance\"\" and the second in 1964 for Autumn Records, \"\"C'mon and Swim\"\". Freeman was born in the San Francisco Bay Area and spent much of his youth in San Francisco, California. He attended Mission High School. He started singing in a doo-wop group, the Romancers, in his early teens, and first recorded",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 18
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12374913",
"chunk_text": "\"The Girl of My Best Friend\"\nThe Girl of My Best Friend \"\"The Girl of My Best Friend\"\" is a song written by Sam Bobrick and Beverly Ross and first released in 1959 by Charlie Blackwell as the B-side to his single \"\"Choppin' Mountains\"\". It was made famous as a cover by Elvis Presley with The Jordanaires in 1960, the song peaked at No.9 in the U.K. singles chart (in 1976). It has also been covered by Ral Donner in 1960 (No.19 U.S.), Johnny Burnette in 1962 and by Bryan Ferry for his 1993 covers album \"\"Taxi\"\". A dance hall version was also released as a",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 19
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "368030",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers\"\nVancouvers had a local-area family band, The Jackson 5, as their opening act. Impressed with the group, Taylor personally brought them to Detroit and the Motown offices, arranging an audition for them with Motown executive Suzanne de Passe. de Passe and Berry Gordy were impressed with the Jacksons, and the group was signed to the label within a year. They released two further singles, \"\"I Am Your Man,\"\" (US #85, US R&B #40, Can. #80) produced by Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson, and the Smokey Robinson-written and produced \"\"Malinda\"\" (US #48, US R&B #16, Can. #59).The Vancouvers ended up performing",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 20
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3305317",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert White (guitarist)\"\nRobert White (guitarist) Robert Willie White (November 19, 1936 – October 27, 1994) was an African-American soul musician, one of the guitarists for Motown's in-house studio band, the Funk Brothers, White is best known for performing the guitar riff on The Temptations' number-one hit single \"\"My Girl\"\", but played the guitar on many successful Motown records, including \"\"Can I Get a Witness\"\" by Marvin Gaye, \"\"You Keep Me Hangin' On\"\" by The Supremes, \"\"My Cherie Amour\"\" by Stevie Wonder, \"\"Something About You\"\" by the Four Tops and \"\"It's a Shame\"\" by The Spinners. Oscar Moore and Wes Montgomery were among",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 21
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2161002",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Freeman\"\nAwards in later years. Freeman died of natural causes on January 23, 2017, aged 76. Note: * \"\"Billboard\"\" did not publish an R&B chart during this period Bobby Freeman Robert Thomas \"\"Bobby\"\" Freeman (June 13, 1940 – January 23, 2017) was an African-American rock, soul and R&B singer, songwriter and record producer from San Francisco, best known for his two Top Ten hits, the first in 1958 on Josie Records called \"\"Do You Want to Dance\"\" and the second in 1964 for Autumn Records, \"\"C'mon and Swim\"\". Freeman was born in the San Francisco Bay Area and spent much of",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 22
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6648687",
"chunk_text": "\"Young Girl (song)\"\nYoung Girl (song) \"\"Young Girl\"\" is a RIAA million-selling Gold-certified single that was written, composed, and produced by Jerry Fuller and performed by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap with instrumental backing by members of \"\"The Wrecking Crew.\"\" It was released in 1968. The song hit No. 2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 for three weeks, stuck behind \"\"(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay\"\" by Otis Redding for the first week and \"\"Honey\"\" by Bobby Goldsboro for the remaining two. It also hit No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart and the US \"\"Cash Box\"\" listing. It reached No.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 23
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17177271",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Jean\"\nBobby Jean \"\"Bobby Jean\"\" is a song written and performed by Bruce Springsteen, from his 1984 album \"\"Born in the U.S.A.\"\" Although not released as a single, it reached number 36 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. \"\"Bobby Jean\"\" was one of the last songs from the album to be recorded, and was considered a musical breakthrough for Springsteen during the recording, with its more accented rhythm and near dance groove. The title character's name is somewhat gender ambiguous, allowing for various interpretations. Nonetheless, \"\"Bobby Jean\"\" is often considered to have been written about his long-time friendship with Steve",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 24
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19461598",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Smith (rhythm and blues singer)\"\nThe Spinners first hit record in 1961, \"\"That's What Girls Are Made For\"\" (which has been inaccurately credited to the group's mentor and former Moonglows lead singer, the late Harvey Fuqua). Smith also sang lead on most of their Motown material during the 1960s, such as the charting singles like \"\"Truly Yours\"\" (1966) and \"\"I'll Always Love You\"\" (1965); almost all of the group's pre-Motown material on Fuqua's Tri-Phi Records label, and also on The Spinners' biggest Atlantic Records hits. These included \"\"I'll Be Around\"\", \"\"Could It Be I'm Falling in Love\"\", \"\"They Just Can't Stop It the (Games People",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 25
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "16749656",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Sherman\"\nthe Paupers\"\" as a kidnapped band member and an episode of \"\"The Monkees\"\" entitled \"\"Monkees at the Movies\"\", playing a pompous surfer/singer named Frankie Catalina in the vein of Frankie Avalon, performing the song \"\"The New Girl in School\"\" (the flip of Jan & Dean's \"\"Dead Man's Curve\"\", co-written by The Beach Boys' Brian Wilson, Jan Berry of Jan and Dean, songwriter Roger Christian and Bob Norberg, who was a roommate of Wilson at the time). Sherman released 107 songs, 23 singles and 10 albums between 1962-1976. In his recording career he earned seven gold singles, one platinum single, and",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 26
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20483104",
"chunk_text": "\"Me and Bobby McGee\"\nby both male and female singers with only minor changes needed to the lyrical content. Roger Miller was the first artist to record the song and it appeared at No. 12 on the U.S. country chart in 1969. Gordon Lightfoot's version hit No. 13 on the pop music chart and No. 1 country music chart in his native country of Canada in 1970. The song was included on a Statler Brothers album but was not released as a single. Kenny Rogers and The First Edition recorded the song (with Rogers on lead vocals) and released it on their album \"\"Ruby,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 27
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "15307532",
"chunk_text": "\"When She Was My Girl\"\nWhen She Was My Girl \"\"When She Was My Girl\"\" is a 1981 single released by American vocal group the Four Tops. The song, their first release off Casablanca Records, helped to return the former signature Motown act to the American pop Top 40 charts, peaking at number 11 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, number 10 on the \"\"Cashbox\"\" chart, and reaching number one on the R&B charts. Internationally, it reached number nine in Canada, number six in New Zealand, and also became their first top ten hit in the UK in nine years, reaching number three. Their top",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 28
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8852379",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby soxer (music)\"\nsoxer\"\" and \"\"sock hop\"\". Adopting (in her teenage years) an impressionable adolescent persona, former child actress Shirley Temple portrayed the type in the film \"\"The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer\"\" (1947). The 1959 Frankie Avalon song \"\"Bobby Sox to Stockings\"\" also referenced the phenomenon. Later, Bobby Sheen performed under the name Bob B. Soxx & the Blue Jeans. Bobby soxer (music) Bobby soxer is a 1940s sociological coinage describing the often very zealous fans of traditional pop music, in particular the singer Frank Sinatra. Bobby soxers were usually teenage girls and young adult women aged 13 to 25. Fashionable adolescent girls",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 29
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2358258",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby soxer (music)\"\nBobby soxer (music) Bobby soxer is a 1940s sociological coinage describing the often very zealous fans of traditional pop music, in particular the singer Frank Sinatra. Bobby soxers were usually teenage girls and young adult women aged 13 to 25. Fashionable adolescent girls wore poodle skirts and rolled down their socks to the ankle. In high schools and colleges, the gymnasium was often used as a dance floor; however, since street shoes and street detritus might damage the polished wood floors, the students were required to remove their shoes and flop dance in their bobby socks, hence the terms \"\"bobby",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 30
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17202659",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobbye Hall\"\nto Bobbye, to distinguish herself as a woman and as a unique musician. She moved to Los Angeles in 1970 where she was one of the few female session musicians in a male-dominated profession, a sometime associate of the Funk Brothers. Already a veteran player by May 1971, she was featured on congas in the studio video of the Temptations doing \"\"Sorry Is A Sorry Word\"\", and she added her bongo skills to Marvin Gaye's \"\"Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)\"\". Her first studio gig behind a full rock drum kit was with Chris Ethridge on his album \"\"L.A.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 31
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "10425915",
"chunk_text": "\"I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart\"\n(Cowgirl) included in their 2005 album Mundos opuestos. Bogguss' version peaked at #77 on the Hot Country Songs chart in 1988. I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart \"\"I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart\"\" is a country and Western song written and first recorded in 1935 by Ruby Blevins, who performed as Patsy Montana. It was the first country song by a female artist to sell more than one million copies. Montana wrote the song in 1934 when she was feeling lonely and missing her boyfriend; it was recorded a year later when producer Art Satherly, of ARC Records,",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 32
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4521381",
"chunk_text": "\"Girl (Why You Wanna Make Me Blue)\"\nGirl (Why You Wanna Make Me Blue) \"\"Girl (Why You Wanna Make Me Blue)\"\" is a 1964 hit single by The Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) label. It was the group's first A-side release to be produced by Norman Whitfield, who co-wrote the song with Edward Holland, Jr. of the Holland-Dozier-Holland songwriting team. With Eddie Kendricks singing lead for the third single in a row, it peaked on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 Pop charts in the top 30 at number 26. As the narrator of the up-tempo song, Kendricks tells his girl \"\"I love you, girl, with all my heart",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 33
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8580600",
"chunk_text": "Bobbysocks!\ncharts. \"\"Walkin' on Air\"\", was recorded in L.A. in 1987 and produced by Bill Maxwell. It went Gold in only 4 days, becoming their 3rd and final LP. Just before the release of \"\"If I Fall\"\", the album's lead single in Norway, the duo wanted to do something \"\"decently crazy\"\" as they revealed at the time, so they did a cover of \"\"Swing it, magister'n\"\", a song from 1940 originally sung by the Swedish singer and actress Alice Babs, releasing it as single in the summer of 1987. In 1988, Bobbysocks disbanded, after 4 successful years. However, Krogh and Andreassen",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 34
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12744194",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby (2006 film)\"\nhis sixth shutout on June 4, 1968, and was congratulated by Kennedy during the victory speech he delivered just before being shot. The film score was composed by Mark Isham, with \"\"Never Gonna Break My Faith\"\" written by Bryan Adams and performed by Aretha Franklin, Mary J. Blige, and the Boys Choir of Harlem, which was played during the closing credits. Also, a newly recorded version of \"\"Louie Louie\"\" was performed in character by Demi Moore for the film. Songs heard throughout the film consist of a music compilation from the 1960s, including \"\"The Tracks of My Tears\"\" by Smokey",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 35
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "12374914",
"chunk_text": "\"The Girl of My Best Friend\"\nsingle in the 1990 by Tippa Irie and Peter Spence on GT's Records and Mango. The Girl of My Best Friend \"\"The Girl of My Best Friend\"\" is a song written by Sam Bobrick and Beverly Ross and first released in 1959 by Charlie Blackwell as the B-side to his single \"\"Choppin' Mountains\"\". It was made famous as a cover by Elvis Presley with The Jordanaires in 1960, the song peaked at No.9 in the U.K. singles chart (in 1976). It has also been covered by Ral Donner in 1960 (No.19 U.S.), Johnny Burnette in 1962 and by Bryan Ferry",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 36
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "5680670",
"chunk_text": "\"My Girl (The Temptations song)\"\nMy Girl (The Temptations song) \"\"My Girl\"\" is a soul music song recorded by the Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) record label. Written and produced by the Miracles members Smokey Robinson and Ronald White, the song became the Temptations' first U.S. number-one single, and is today their signature song. Robinson's inspiration for writing this song was his wife, Miracles member Claudette Rogers Robinson. The song was included on the Temptations 1965 album \"\"The Temptations Sing Smokey\"\". In 2018, it was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"\"culturally, historically, or artistically significant.\"\"",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 37
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "4816728",
"chunk_text": "\"Susan Maughan\"\nwhen she recorded 'Bobby's Girl'; her success brought so many offers that in November 1963 Susan decided to branch out as a solo artist.\"\" In early 1963, following the success of \"\"Bobby's Girl\"\", Maughan had further minor UK hits entitled \"\"Hand A Handkerchief To Helen\"\" and \"\"She's New To You\"\". Also at that time she released her first album on Philips called \"\"I Wanna Be Bobby's Girl But...\"\". All songs on this album featured male names, including the John D. Loudermilk songs \"\"Norman\"\" and \"\"James (Hold The Ladder Steady)\"\" which were hits in the US for the American singer Sue",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 38
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3941257",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Vee\"\nby Vee with a nod to Buddy Holly's \"\"Peggy Sue\"\" and recorded for the Soma label, based in Minneapolis, in 1959; it was a hit in Minnesota and drew enough national attention to be purchased by Liberty Records, which signed him later that year. His follow-up single, a cover of Adam Faith's UK number-one \"\"What Do You Want?\"\", charted in the lower reaches of the \"\"Billboard\"\" pop chart in early 1960. His fourth release, a revival of the Clovers' doo-wop ballad \"\"Devil or Angel\"\" (U.S. number six), brought him into the big time with U.S. buyers. His next single, \"\"Rubber",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 39
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6648689",
"chunk_text": "\"Young Girl (song)\"\nrun in 1974, when it peaked at No. 6. Young Girl (song) \"\"Young Girl\"\" is a RIAA million-selling Gold-certified single that was written, composed, and produced by Jerry Fuller and performed by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap with instrumental backing by members of \"\"The Wrecking Crew.\"\" It was released in 1968. The song hit No. 2 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 for three weeks, stuck behind \"\"(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay\"\" by Otis Redding for the first week and \"\"Honey\"\" by Bobby Goldsboro for the remaining two. It also hit No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 40
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "3305318",
"chunk_text": "\"Robert White (guitarist)\"\nWhite's influences. Among the guitars White used to record were the Gibson ES 335 and the Gibson L-5. White died of complications from open heart surgery in Los Angeles in October 1994, aged 57. Robert White (guitarist) Robert Willie White (November 19, 1936 – October 27, 1994) was an African-American soul musician, one of the guitarists for Motown's in-house studio band, the Funk Brothers, White is best known for performing the guitar riff on The Temptations' number-one hit single \"\"My Girl\"\", but played the guitar on many successful Motown records, including \"\"Can I Get a Witness\"\" by Marvin Gaye, \"\"You",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 41
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17571944",
"chunk_text": "\"I Want You to Be My Baby\"\nnor a 1956 UK single release of \"\"I Want You to Be My Baby\"\" by Don Lang charted. The song became a UK Top 40 hit in the autumn of 1968 via a recording by Billie Davis. Produced by \"\"Ready Steady Go!\"\" co-host Michael Aldred and arranged by Mike Vickers, Davis' version featured a chorale comprising Madeline Bell, Kiki Dee, Kay Garner, Doris Troy and the Moody Blues. The single's failure to rise no higher than #33 is attributable to a strike at the Decca processing plant, which stopped the pressing of discs. In November 1970 the Jyve Fyve reached",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 42
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "8681863",
"chunk_text": "\"Wait 'til My Bobby Gets Home\"\nWait 'til My Bobby Gets Home Wait ’til My Bobby Gets Home is a song written by Phil Spector, Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Barry. It was recorded at Gold Star Studios in Los Angeles in May 1963 by Darlene Love with the lead vocals shared by Love and her sister Edna Wright. The song was arranged by Jack Nitzsche, Larry Levine was the engineer and Spector’s Wall of Sound was played by The Wrecking Crew. The record was released later in 1963 as Philles Records # 114 and peaked at #26 in the \"\"Billboard\"\" Top 100. The song was covered",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 43
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2160999",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Freeman\"\nand had the original recording overdubbed in New York by session musicians including guitarist Billy Mure. Released on the Jubilee subsidiary label Josie, \"\"Do You Want to Dance\"\" quickly rose to number 5 on the pop chart and number 2 on the R&B chart in early 1958, when Freeman was still only 17. The song was covered later (as \"\"Do You Wanna Dance\"\") by Del Shannon, the Beach Boys, Johnny Rivers, Bette Midler, John Lennon, Cliff Richard, Marc Bolan & T.Rex, the Mamas & The Papas, Bobby Vee and the Ramones. Freeman appeared on \"\"American Bandstand\"\" and toured with such",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 44
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "2161000",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Freeman\"\nmusicians as Fats Domino, the Coasters, and Jackie Wilson. Several of his follow-ups on Josie, including \"\"Betty Lou Got a New Pair of Shoes\"\" and \"\"Need Your Love\"\", a ballad, also made the pop charts. He left Josie in 1960 and signed with King Records, reaching the charts again with \"\"Shimmy Shimmy\"\". However, several of Freeman's later recordings for King in the early 1960s went unreleased, for unexplained reasons. He did not return to the charts again until 1964, after signing for the Autumn label, when he had his second top ten hit with \"\"C'mon and Swim\"\". The song was",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 45
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "20483102",
"chunk_text": "\"Me and Bobby McGee\"\nMe and Bobby McGee \"\"Me and Bobby McGee\"\" is a song written by American singer-songwriter Kris Kristofferson and songwriter Fred Foster, originally performed by Roger Miller. A posthumously-released version by Janis Joplin topped the U.S. singles chart in 1971, making the song the second posthumously released No. 1 single in U.S. chart history after \"\"(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay\"\" by Otis Redding. \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked Joplin's version as the No. 11 song for 1971. Other recordings of the song include those by Waylon Jennings, Grateful Dead, Kristofferson himself, Kenny Rogers and The First Edition, Gordon Lightfoot, and Miranda Lambert.",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 46
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "17221500",
"chunk_text": "\"Mike Perjanik\"\nsinging duo discovered by Viking Records boss Ron Dalton; the duo, Sue and Judy Donaldson (who were childhood friends of La De Das guitarist Kevin Borich) were renamed by Perjanik as The Chicks; The Mike Perjanik Group backed them on their debut single \"\"Heart of Stone\"\"/\"\"I Want You To Be My Boy\"\" and in 1966 they also backed The Chicks on their single \"\"The Rebel Kind\"\". Perjanik discovered another talented female singer while he was playing at a hotel. Impressed by her powerful voice Perjanik informed Ron Dalton of his discovery and she was soon brouight to the Viking studio",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 47
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "6528478",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Day\"\nClyde McPhatter in 1962, and the Jackson Five in 1972. However, Day is most remembered for his 1958 solo recording of the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 No. 2 hit, Rockin' Robin, written by Leon Rene under the pseudonym Jimmie Thomas. It sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold record. \"\"Rockin' Robin\"\" was a song covered by Bob Luman at Town Hall Party on October 28, 1958, The Hollies in 1964, Gene Vincent in 1969, Michael Jackson in 1972, and by McFly in 2006. Harris' version of \"\"Little Bitty Pretty One\"\" appears in the 1996 motion picture \"\"Matilda\"\" as",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 48
},
{
"bge_score": null,
"chunk_id": "19654485",
"chunk_text": "\"Bobby Eli\"\n& Huff's Philadelphia International label in the 1970s. His credits as a songwriter include million-selling singles, \"\"Love Won't Let Me Wait\"\", by Major Harris (#1 R&B, #5 pop, 1975), which he also produced and arranged; \"\"Just Don't Want To Be Lonely\"\" by the Main Ingredient (#8 R&B, #10 pop, 1974); and Blue Magic's \"\"Sideshow\"\" (#1 R&B, #8 pop, 1974), as well as \"\"Three Ring Circus\"\" (#5 R&B, #36 pop, 1974) for the same group. He is credited with the success of Jackie Moore's #1 disco-dance classic, \"\"This Time Baby\"\" and co-wrote the song by Fat Larry's Band, \"\"Zoom\"\", which climbed",
"is_relevant": null,
"oracle_score": null,
"page_id": 49
}
] |
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